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r
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3.
RE
S
UL
T
S
A
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AN
AL
YSI
S
A
t
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a
l
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udy
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S
oc
io
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d
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m
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ap
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h
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t
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n
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a
n
d
s
t
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06.
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h
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t
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t
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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2252
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8806
C
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Smok
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Habits
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Students
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s
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r
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valence
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T
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bl
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1.
P
r
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v
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l
e
n
c
e
o
f
C
i
ga
r
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m
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k
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a
m
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t
ude
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t
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n
=
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r
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124
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18
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60
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27
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63
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211
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.
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ac
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as
s
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o
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t
h
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gr
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up
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f
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d
21
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25
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a
d
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r
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we
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ge
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n
d
m
o
r
e
t
h
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n
35
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e
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r
s
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a
r
r
i
e
d
s
t
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n
t
s
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51.
9%
)
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a
d
hi
g
he
r
pr
e
v
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l
e
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f
c
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g
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r
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k
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r
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d
t
o
m
a
r
r
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e
d
s
t
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t
s
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23.
4%
)
.
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h
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v
a
l
e
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o
f
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ga
r
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k
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f
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c
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n
t
l
y
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g
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m
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n
g
s
t
ude
n
t
s
wh
o
we
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e
i
n
l
o
we
r
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duc
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t
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n
l
e
v
e
l
(
53.
0%
)
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h
a
n
s
t
ude
n
t
s
wh
o
we
r
e
i
n
hi
g
he
r
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duc
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t
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n
l
e
v
e
l
(
12.
5%
)
.
T
a
bl
e
2.
S
o
c
i
o
-
De
m
o
gr
a
phi
c
C
h
a
r
a
c
t
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r
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s
t
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c
s
a
n
d
As
s
o
c
i
a
t
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d
F
a
c
t
o
r
s
o
f
C
i
ga
r
e
t
t
e
S
m
o
k
i
n
g
(
n
=
542)
V
a
r
ia
bl
e
s
S
mo
k
e
r
s
N
o
n
-
s
m
o
k
e
r
s
X
2
df
p
-
v
a
lu
e
N
%
N
%
N
%
A
ge
16
-
20
y
e
a
r
s
185
34.1
90
48.7
95
51.3
21
-
25
y
e
a
r
s
26
-
30
y
e
a
r
s
292
40
53.9
7.4
160
12
54.8
30.0
132
28
45.2
70.0
16.022
4
0.003
31
-
35
y
e
a
r
s
15
2.8
4
26.7
11
73.3
M
o
r
e
t
ha
n 35
y
e
a
r
s
10
1.8
2
20.0
8
80.0
M
a
r
it
a
l
s
ta
us
M
a
r
r
ie
d
47
8.7
11
23.4
36
76.6
13.962
1
<
0.001
U
nma
r
r
ie
d
495
91.3
257
51.9
238
48.1
F
a
mi
l
y
i
n
c
o
m
e
L
e
s
s
t
ha
n 30,000 R
upe
e
s
190
35.1
92
48.4
98
51.6
30,000
-
60,000 R
upe
e
s
226
41.7
115
50.9
111
49.1
0.380
3
0.944
61,000
-
90,000 R
upe
e
s
86
15.9
41
47.7
45
52.3
M
o
r
e
t
ha
n 90,000 R
upe
e
s
40
7.4
20
50.0
20
50.0
L
oc
a
li
t
y
R
ur
a
l
U
r
ba
n
227
315
41.9
58.1
119
149
52.4
47.3
108
166
47.6
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1.384
1
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E
duc
a
ti
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n l
e
ve
l
G
r
a
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o
n
366
67.5
194
53.0
172
47.0
M
a
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te
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s
98
18.1
53
54.1
45
45.9
20.202
3
<
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M
a
s
te
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of
P
hi
l
o
s
o
ph
y
62
11.4
19
30.7
43
69.3
D
oc
t
o
r
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C
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Smok
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Habits
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Students
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12]
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13]
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t
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ts
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o
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duc
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t
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we
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r
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ly
t
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ke
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t
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ude
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t
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v
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he
m
a
j
o
r
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t
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f
t
h
e
s
t
ude
n
t
s
(
51.
9%
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wh
o
we
r
e
s
tud
y
i
ng
in
gr
a
dua
t
i
o
n
we
r
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c
ur
r
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t
s
m
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ke
r
s
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t
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s
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udy
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r
a
ns
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o
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ny
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s
m
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h
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f
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f
f
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t
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to
b
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r
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pr
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gr
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r
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ge
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h
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m
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a
n
a
ge
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o
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t
a
r
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i
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c
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tt
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s
m
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n
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his
s
t
ud
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s
19.
2
2.
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e
a
r
s
.
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h
e
m
a
j
o
r
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t
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f
t
h
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s
t
ude
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t
s
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s
t
a
r
t
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d
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i
ga
r
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t
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m
o
ki
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r
s
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udy
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t
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d
I
r
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n
[
19]
r
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p
o
r
t
i
n
g
t
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a
t
t
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a
v
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19
y
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r
s
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m
p
li
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r
l
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d
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t
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f
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a
t
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t
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m
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ke
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h
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t
to
b
a
c
c
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c
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t
r
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s
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d
b
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im
p
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s
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ge
gr
o
up.
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h
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m
a
i
n
r
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a
s
o
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f
o
r
s
t
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m
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k
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we
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s
t
r
e
s
s
a
l
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v
i
a
t
i
o
n
(
35.
0%
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f
o
l
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d
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pr
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(
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20]
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y
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19%
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l
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17%
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s
o
c
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n
d
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t
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r
s
(
18%
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mi
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a
r
ly
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n
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s
t
ud
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f
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k
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n
[
21]
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d
t
h
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or
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s
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27.
27%
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f
l
uue
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pr
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s
s
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(
18.
18%
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s
t
r
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s
s
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10.
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a
n
d
s
t
y
l
e
(
13.
6%
)
we
r
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a
s
s
o
c
i
a
t
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d
w
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t
h
i
nc
r
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a
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pr
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f
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m
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k
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h
us
,
t
hi
s
s
t
ud
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x
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mi
ne
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t
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pr
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v
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l
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f
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k
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m
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g
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ni
ve
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t
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s
t
ude
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t
s
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n
M
uz
a
f
f
a
r
a
b
a
d.
T
h
e
i
n
f
o
r
m
a
t
i
o
n
o
b
t
a
i
n
e
d
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n
t
hi
s
s
t
ud
y
m
i
g
h
t
b
e
h
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l
p
f
u
l
t
o
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s
t
a
bl
i
s
h
e
f
f
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c
t
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ve
to
b
a
c
c
o
c
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n
tr
o
l
a
n
d
pr
e
v
e
n
t
i
o
n
m
e
a
s
ur
e
s
a
m
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n
g
s
t
ude
n
t
s
a
t
Uni
v
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r
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t
y
o
f
A
z
a
d
J
a
mm
u
a
n
d
Ka
s
hmi
r
i
n
M
uz
a
f
f
a
r
a
b
a
d,
P
a
k
i
s
t
a
n
.
5.
CONC
L
USI
ON
T
h
e
pr
e
v
a
l
e
n
c
e
o
f
c
ur
r
e
n
t
c
i
g
a
r
e
tt
e
s
m
o
k
i
n
g
a
m
o
ng
s
t
ude
n
t
s
wa
s
c
o
n
s
i
de
r
a
bly
hi
g
h
(
49.
4%
)
.
I
t
m
a
y
i
nc
r
e
a
s
e
f
ur
t
h
e
r
unl
e
s
s
s
o
m
e
uge
n
t
to
b
a
c
c
o
pr
e
v
e
n
t
i
o
n
a
n
d
c
o
n
t
r
o
l
m
e
a
s
ur
e
s
a
r
e
n
o
t
t
a
ke
n
.
A
ge
,
m
a
r
i
t
a
l
s
t
a
t
us
a
n
d
e
du
c
a
t
i
o
n
l
e
v
e
l
we
r
e
t
h
e
im
po
r
t
a
n
t
pr
e
di
c
t
or
s
o
f
c
i
g
a
r
e
tt
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s
m
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k
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n
g.
C
o
n
s
i
de
r
i
ng
t
h
e
s
e
pa
r
a
met
e
r
s
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c
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ga
r
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t
t
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m
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k
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s
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v
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l
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p
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ti
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b
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gr
a
m
m
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c
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r
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duc
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t
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gr
o
wi
n
g
pa
tt
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r
n
s
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f
y
o
ut
h
c
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ga
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t
t
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s
m
o
k
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n
g
i
n
A
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a
d
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mm
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a
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d
K
a
s
hmi
r
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s
pe
c
i
a
ll
y
a
m
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g
s
t
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n
t
s
a
t
Uni
ve
r
s
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t
y
o
f
A
z
a
d
J
a
mm
u
a
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d
Ka
s
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r
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n
M
uz
a
f
f
a
r
a
b
a
d,
P
a
k
i
s
t
a
n
.
AC
K
NOWL
E
DGE
M
E
NT
S
I
wo
ul
d
li
ke
t
o
t
h
a
n
k
t
h
e
c
h
a
i
r
m
a
n
,
P
r
o
f
.
Dr
.
M
uh
a
mm
a
d
M
us
h
t
a
q
Kh
a
n
,
De
p
a
r
t
m
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n
t
o
f
P
u
bli
c
He
a
l
t
h
,
Uni
ve
r
s
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t
y
o
f
A
z
a
d
J
a
m
m
u
&
Ka
s
hmi
r
a
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d
t
h
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s
t
ude
n
t
s
f
o
r
t
h
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va
l
u
a
bl
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pa
r
t
i
c
i
pa
t
i
o
n
i
n
t
hi
s
s
t
udy
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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6,
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2017
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115
114
RE
F
E
R
E
NC
E
S
[
1
]
U.
D.
B
.
M
uh
a
m
m
a
d,
e
t
al.
,
“
T
o
b
a
c
c
o
Kn
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dge
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A
tt
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ude
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gs
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ude
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t
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a
h
o
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e
,
P
a
ki
s
t
a
n
,
”
P
ak
is
tan
Or
al
&
De
ntal
J
our
nal
,
v
o
l
/
i
s
s
ue
:
30(
2)
,
pp.
468
-
472
,
2010
.
[
2
]
A
.
A
.
F
a
s
o
r
o
,
e
t
al.
,
“
P
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o
f
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a
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g
U
ni
ve
r
s
i
t
y
S
t
a
f
f
,
”
M
alays
ian
J
our
nal
of
M
e
dicine
and
He
alt
h
Sc
ienc
e
s
,
v
o
l
/
i
s
s
ue
:
9(
2)
,
pp.
45
-
51
,
2015
.
[
3
]
H.
Ha
l
a
,
e
t
al.
,
“
Kn
o
w
l
e
dge
,
A
t
t
i
t
ude
a
n
d
P
r
a
c
t
i
c
e
S
t
udy
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n
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k
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a
m
o
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g
M
a
l
e
S
t
ude
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s
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a
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l
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-
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h
a
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bi
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ni
ve
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s
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t
y
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Gha
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n
–
L
i
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a
,
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J
our
nal
of
A
me
r
ican
Sc
ienc
e
,
v
o
l
/
i
s
s
ue
:
8(
11)
,
pp
.
485
-
4
91,
2012.
[
4
]
A
.
A
.
R
e
d
h
wa
n
,
e
t
al.
,
“
P
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As
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o
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ted
F
a
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o
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m
o
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g
M
a
l
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i
a
n
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ni
ve
r
s
i
t
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S
t
ude
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t
s
,
”
A
s
ian
P
ac
if
ic
J
our
nal
o
f
C
anc
e
r
P
r
e
v
e
nt
ion
,
v
o
l
.
12,
pp
.
619
-
624,
2011.
[
5
]
R
.
Ahm
e
d,
e
t
al.
,
“
P
r
e
va
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e
n
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s
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a
k
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s
t
a
n
,
”
J
ou
r
nal
of
P
ak
is
tan
M
e
dical
A
s
s
oc
iat
ion
,
v
o
l
.
58,
pp.
597,
20
08.
[
6]
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.
S
h
a
f
qua
t
,
e
t
a
l
.
,
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C
o
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e
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k
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n
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ubli
c
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v
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b
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E
pi
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mi
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n
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s
tgr
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d.
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n
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v
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201
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Z
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M
a
s
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e
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“
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o
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U
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m
pt
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o
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ude
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n
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ur
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y
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ly
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s
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o
ur
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da
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,
“
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r
e
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ude
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l
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a
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A
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Kn
o
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l
e
dge
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ude
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e
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t
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a
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d,
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t
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,
“
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r
e
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n
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m
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A
r
c
hiv
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s
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f
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He
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“
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e
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i
ng
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h
e
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ude
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a
n
Uni
ve
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s
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t
y
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n
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A
dd
i
c
t
&
He
a
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t
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o
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o
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por
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ude
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ve
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t
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t
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o
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o
ur
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s
e
a
r
c
h
a
n
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K
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n
c
e
o
f
s
m
o
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i
ng
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ng
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o
n
g
e
l
d
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ly
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m
o
ke
r
s
i
n
M
a
l
a
y
s
i
a
:
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nd
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ngs
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r
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t
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o
n
w
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de
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pul
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t
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o
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t
ud
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o
b
a
c
c
o
I
n
duc
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o
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da
n
,
”
E
a
s
t
e
r
n
M
e
d
i
t
e
r
r
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ni
a
n
He
a
l
t
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J
o
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ga
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t
,
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r
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l
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wa
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t
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o
ur
n
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l
o
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T
r
o
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c
a
l
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s
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s
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&
P
u
bl
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He
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n
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r
a
n
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n
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f
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c
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o
ur
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n
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m
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vi
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o
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[
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o
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