I
nte
rna
t
io
na
l J
o
urna
l
of
P
u
bli
c
H
ea
lt
h Science
(
I
J
P
H
S)
Vo
l.
10
,
No
.
2
,
J
u
n
e
2
0
2
1
,
p
p
.
4
11
~
4
17
I
SS
N:
2
2
5
2
-
8806,
DOI
: 1
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.
1
1
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p
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v
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411
Jo
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a
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:
h
ttp
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//ij
p
h
s
.
ia
esco
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co
m
H
ea
lth
belie
f
m
o
d
el and th
e und
ers
tanding
of ration
a
l use of
m
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cines
P
utu
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k
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ba
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2
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irda
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Wa
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Cli
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ica
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P
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rm
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c
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S
tu
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P
ro
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ra
m
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Un
iv
e
rsit
y
Ba
li
In
tern
a
ti
o
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a
l,
In
d
o
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e
sia
3
Ho
sp
it
a
l
A
d
m
in
istratio
n
S
tu
d
y
P
ro
g
ra
m
,
Un
iv
e
rsit
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Ba
li
In
tern
a
ti
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l,
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Art
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nfo
AB
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A
r
ticle
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to
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y:
R
ec
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ed
No
v
1
4
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2
0
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ev
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s
ed
Feb
2
5
,
2
0
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1
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cc
ep
ted
Ma
r
5
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2
0
21
Co
m
m
u
n
it
y
p
e
rc
e
p
ti
o
n
is
a
n
e
x
p
e
rien
c
e
th
a
t
c
a
u
se
s
a
d
if
f
e
r
e
n
t
u
n
d
e
rsta
n
d
in
g
o
f
trea
t
m
e
n
t.
Diffe
re
n
c
e
s
in
p
e
o
p
le'
s
p
e
rc
e
p
ti
o
n
s
o
f
d
ru
g
sa
fe
t
y
w
il
l
a
ffe
c
t
th
e
ir
a
tt
it
u
d
e
s
to
w
a
rd
s
ra
ti
o
n
a
l
u
se
o
f
m
e
d
icin
e
s
(
RUM
)
.
T
h
e
re
f
o
re
,
it
is
n
e
c
e
ss
a
r
y
to
d
o
a
n
i
n
-
d
e
p
th
m
e
a
s
u
re
m
e
n
t
o
f
p
u
b
li
c
p
e
rc
e
p
ti
o
n
s.
T
h
e
p
u
r
p
o
se
o
f
th
is
stu
d
y
w
a
s
to
d
e
ter
m
i
n
e
th
e
re
latio
n
s
h
ip
b
e
tw
e
e
n
c
o
m
m
u
n
it
y
p
e
rc
e
p
ti
o
n
s
th
r
o
u
g
h
th
e
h
e
a
lt
h
b
e
li
e
f
m
o
d
e
l
(HBM)
w
it
h
th
e
u
n
d
e
rsta
n
d
in
g
o
f
(RUM).
T
h
is
stu
d
y
u
se
d
a
c
ro
ss
-
se
c
ti
o
n
a
l
d
e
sig
n
w
it
h
9
7
sa
m
p
les
in
D
e
n
p
a
sa
r
Cit
y
,
Ba
li
,
In
d
o
n
e
sia
.
Da
ta
c
o
ll
e
c
ti
o
n
w
a
s
c
o
n
d
u
c
ted
f
ro
m
No
v
e
m
b
e
r
2
0
1
9
t
o
Ja
n
u
a
ry
2
0
2
0
u
sin
g
a
q
u
e
sti
o
n
n
a
ire
a
n
d
a
n
a
ly
z
e
d
u
sin
g
b
in
a
ry
lo
g
isti
c
tes
ts.
T
h
e
r
e
su
lt
s
sh
o
w
e
d
th
a
t
p
e
rc
e
p
ti
o
n
s
b
a
se
d
o
n
p
e
rc
e
iv
e
d
su
sc
e
p
ti
b
il
it
y
p
e
rc
e
iv
e
d
se
v
e
rit
y
,
h
e
a
lt
h
m
o
ti
v
a
ti
o
n
,
p
e
rc
e
iv
e
d
b
e
n
e
f
it
s,
a
n
d
se
lf
-
e
ff
ica
c
y
d
id
n
o
t
p
r
o
v
id
e
a
sig
n
if
ica
n
t
re
latio
n
sh
i
p
w
it
h
th
e
u
n
d
e
rsta
n
d
in
g
o
f
RUM
(p
>
0
.
0
5
).
P
e
rc
e
iv
e
d
b
a
rriers
p
ro
v
id
e
sig
n
if
ica
n
t
re
su
lt
s
o
n
t
h
e
u
n
d
e
rsta
n
d
i
n
g
o
f
RUM
(
p<
0
.
0
5
).
He
a
lt
h
p
e
rc
e
p
ti
o
n
s
i
n
a
ll
e
rg
y
r
e
p
o
rti
n
g
a
n
d
a
wa
re
n
e
ss
o
f
d
ru
g
u
se
b
a
se
d
o
n
c
li
n
ica
l
c
o
n
d
i
ti
o
n
s
a
n
d
s
e
lec
ti
o
n
o
f
a
lt
e
rn
a
ti
v
e
s
in
c
re
a
se
u
n
d
e
rsta
n
d
i
n
g
o
f
ra
ti
o
n
a
l
d
ru
g
u
se
.
T
h
e
d
ru
g
-
tak
in
g
p
ro
c
e
d
u
re
n
e
e
d
s
t
o
b
e
d
o
n
e
q
u
ick
l
y
a
n
d
a
c
c
o
rd
in
g
t
o
t
h
e
p
r
o
v
isio
n
s
to
a
p
p
ro
p
riate
ly
u
se
th
e
m
e
d
ica
ti
o
n
.
T
h
e
re
f
o
re
,
h
e
a
lt
h
w
o
rk
e
rs
'
ro
le
i
s
e
ss
e
n
ti
a
l
in
p
ro
v
id
in
g
c
o
m
p
lete
s
e
rv
ic
e
s
a
n
d
in
f
o
rm
a
ti
o
n
a
b
o
u
t
d
r
u
g
s
in
h
e
a
lt
h
c
a
re
,
e
sp
e
c
iall
y
in
sy
m
p
to
m
a
ti
c
d
ru
g
s.
K
ey
w
o
r
d
s
:
C
o
m
m
u
n
i
t
y
Hea
lth
b
elie
f
m
o
d
el
Hea
lth
p
er
ce
p
tio
n
R
atio
n
al
u
s
e
o
f
m
ed
ici
n
es
T
h
is
is
a
n
o
p
e
n
a
c
c
e
ss
a
rticle
u
n
d
e
r th
e
CC B
Y
-
SA
li
c
e
n
se
.
C
o
r
r
e
s
p
o
nd
ing
A
uth
o
r
:
P
u
t
u
E
k
a
A
r
i
m
b
a
w
a
C
li
n
i
ca
l P
h
ar
m
ac
y
St
u
d
y
P
r
o
g
r
a
m
Un
i
v
er
s
it
y
B
ali
I
n
ter
n
a
tio
n
al
B
ali,
Den
p
asar
,
I
n
d
o
n
esia
E
m
ail:
e
k
a_
ap
o
tek
er
@
y
ah
o
o
.
co
.
id
1.
I
NT
RO
D
UCT
I
O
N
T
r
ea
tm
en
t
i
s
a
s
er
v
ice
p
r
o
v
id
ed
to
th
e
co
m
m
u
n
i
t
y
to
i
m
p
r
o
v
e
h
ea
lt
h
.
T
h
e
r
atio
n
al
u
s
e
o
f
d
r
u
g
s
i
s
ess
e
n
tial
to
en
s
u
r
e
th
e
s
af
e
t
y
o
f
a
m
ed
icin
e
i
n
t
h
e
co
m
m
u
n
i
t
y
.
T
h
e
u
s
e
o
f
d
r
u
g
s
f
o
r
h
ea
lt
h
ca
n
b
e
in
f
l
u
en
ce
d
by
p
u
b
lic
p
er
ce
p
tio
n
,
esp
ec
ia
ll
y
i
n
ter
m
s
o
f
k
n
o
w
led
g
e
a
n
d
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
[
1
]
,
[
2
]
.
Oth
er
r
esear
ch
in
S
u
n
g
ai
B
esar
Dis
tr
ict
o
f
So
u
t
h
al
s
o
m
en
tio
n
s
th
at
i
n
f
o
r
m
atio
n
s
u
c
h
as
ad
v
er
ti
s
e
m
e
n
t
s
ca
n
a
f
f
ec
t
p
er
ce
p
tio
n
s
ab
o
u
t
d
r
u
g
s
[
3
]
.
T
h
e
r
esu
lts
also
s
tated
th
at
d
r
u
g
s
elec
tio
n
b
a
s
ed
o
n
p
er
ce
p
tio
n
w
a
s
5
2
.
7
%
[
4
]
.
T
h
e
p
u
b
lic
p
er
ce
p
tio
n
its
elf
ca
n
b
e
m
ea
s
u
r
ed
u
s
in
g
t
h
e
h
ea
l
th
b
elie
f
m
o
d
el
(
HB
M)
th
eo
r
y
.
T
h
is
HB
M
th
eo
r
y
f
o
c
u
s
e
s
o
n
o
n
e's
s
u
b
j
ec
tiv
e
p
er
ce
p
tio
n
s
,
s
u
c
h
as
p
er
ce
iv
ed
s
u
s
ce
p
tib
ili
t
y
,
p
er
ce
iv
ed
s
e
v
er
it
y
,
p
er
ce
i
v
ed
b
en
ef
its
,
h
ea
lt
h
m
o
tiv
a
tio
n
,
p
er
ce
iv
ed
b
ar
r
ier
s
,
an
d
s
elf
-
ef
f
icac
y
[
5
]
,
[
6
]
.
T
h
e
u
s
e
o
f
d
r
u
g
s
in
th
e
co
m
m
u
n
i
t
y
f
o
r
h
ea
li
n
g
f
r
o
m
illn
e
s
s
is
v
er
y
h
ig
h
.
T
h
e
r
esu
lt
s
s
h
o
w
ed
th
at
p
eo
p
le
s
av
e
d
r
u
g
s
f
o
r
s
elf
-
m
ed
icatio
n
b
y
4
8
.
1
%
[
7
]
.
R
atio
n
al
u
s
e
o
f
m
ed
icin
e
(
R
UM
)
is
a
p
r
io
r
it
y
f
o
r
t
h
e
u
s
e
o
f
d
r
u
g
s
t
h
at
ar
e
f
o
llo
w
i
n
g
g
u
ar
a
n
teed
s
a
f
et
y
q
u
alit
y
a
n
d
ar
e
av
ailab
le
i
n
t
h
e
co
m
m
u
n
it
y
[
8
]
.
I
n
ap
p
r
o
p
r
iate
tr
ea
t
m
en
t
ca
n
ca
u
s
e
p
r
o
b
le
m
s
i
n
d
r
u
g
u
s
e
[
9
]
.
On
e
o
f
t
h
e
m
i
s
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N:
2
2
5
2
-
8
8
0
6
I
n
t.
J
.
P
u
b
lic
Hea
lth
Sci.,
Vo
l.
1
0
,
No
.
2
,
J
u
n
e
20
21
:
4
11
–
4
17
412
th
e
ir
r
atio
n
a
l
u
s
e
o
f
d
r
u
g
s
.
R
e
s
u
lt
s
s
ev
er
al
s
t
u
d
ies
s
h
o
w
t
h
a
t
R
UM
s
i
n
P
an
y
ab
u
n
g
an
an
d
Den
p
asar
citie
s
ar
e
o
n
l
y
4
0
.
6
%
an
d
4
4
.
3
%
[
1
0
]
,
[
1
1
]
.
C
u
r
r
en
t
r
esear
ch
r
ev
ea
ls
g
ap
s
in
t
h
e
p
u
b
lic's
v
i
e
w
o
f
d
r
u
g
s
a
f
et
y
,
co
n
s
eq
u
e
n
tl
y
af
f
ec
ti
n
g
th
e
ir
attitu
d
es
o
n
R
UM
[
1
2
]
.
T
h
e
r
esu
lts
al
s
o
s
h
o
w
ed
t
h
at
lo
w
p
er
ce
p
tio
n
an
d
k
n
o
w
led
g
e
co
u
ld
p
r
o
v
id
e
u
n
s
af
e
m
ed
icatio
n
[
1
3
]
.
T
h
e
r
esu
lts
o
f
o
th
er
s
tu
d
ie
s
ab
o
u
t
p
u
b
lic
p
er
ce
p
tio
n
d
o
n
o
t
af
f
ec
t
d
r
u
g
u
s
e.
Ho
w
ef
er
,
i
n
f
o
r
m
atio
n
f
r
o
m
h
ea
lt
h
p
r
o
f
es
s
io
n
al
s
a
f
f
ec
ts
th
e
R
UM
[
1
4
]
.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
it
is
n
ec
es
s
ar
y
to
d
o
an
in
-
d
ep
th
m
ea
s
u
r
e
m
en
t o
f
p
u
b
lic
p
er
ce
p
tio
n
s
in
i
n
f
l
u
en
ci
n
g
th
e
R
UM
.
HB
M
is
a
f
o
r
m
o
f
d
escr
ip
tio
n
o
f
th
e
s
o
cio
p
s
y
c
h
o
lo
g
ica
l
m
o
d
el
th
at
is
u
s
ed
to
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
in
d
iv
id
u
al
h
ea
lt
h
b
eh
av
io
u
r
th
r
o
u
g
h
b
eli
ef
s
an
d
to
ex
a
m
in
e
h
o
w
t
h
es
e
ch
an
g
es
[
1
5
]
.
T
h
is
r
esear
c
h
is
d
if
f
er
en
t
f
r
o
m
p
r
ev
io
u
s
r
esear
c
h
,
w
h
i
ch
is
m
o
r
e
e
x
p
licitl
y
e
x
p
lo
r
in
g
t
h
e
p
er
ce
p
tio
n
o
f
R
UM
th
r
o
u
g
h
th
e
HB
M
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
.
T
h
e
u
r
g
en
c
y
o
f
t
h
is
r
esear
ch
w
a
s
d
u
e
to
a
lack
o
f
u
n
d
er
s
ta
n
d
in
g
o
f
R
UM
in
th
e
co
m
m
u
n
it
y
,
p
ar
ticu
lar
l
y
i
n
th
e
cit
y
o
f
De
n
p
asar
.
T
h
e
p
u
r
p
o
s
e
o
f
th
is
s
t
u
d
y
is
to
lo
o
k
at
th
e
r
elat
io
n
s
h
ip
b
et
w
ee
n
co
m
m
u
n
it
y
p
er
ce
p
tio
n
s
b
ased
o
n
th
e
h
ea
lt
h
b
elie
f
m
o
d
el
(
HB
M)
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
w
it
h
an
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
i
n
g
o
f
R
UM
.
2.
RE
S
E
ARCH
M
E
T
H
O
D
2
.
1
.
T
y
pe
o
f
s
t
ud
y
a
nd
du
ra
t
io
n
T
h
is
s
tu
d
y
w
as
cr
o
s
s
-
se
c
tio
n
al
s
u
r
v
e
y
.
T
h
is
s
tu
d
y
o
b
tain
ed
an
eth
ical
clea
r
an
ce
p
er
m
it
n
u
m
b
er
No
.
0
0
1
/I
I
K
B
A
L
I
/EC/
XI
I
/2
0
1
9
.
R
esear
ch
er
s
in
th
is
s
t
u
d
y
d
eliv
er
ed
q
u
e
s
t
i
o
n
n
a
i
r
e
q
u
e
s
t
i
o
n
s
d
i
r
e
c
t
l
y
t
o
t
h
e
p
u
b
l
i
c
.
T
h
i
s
r
e
s
e
a
r
c
h
w
a
s
c
o
n
d
u
c
t
e
d
i
n
J
a
n
u
a
r
y
-
F
e
b
r
u
a
r
y
2
0
2
0
.
T
h
e
s
a
m
p
l
i
n
g
m
e
t
h
o
d
w
a
s
p
u
r
p
o
s
iv
e
s
a
m
p
li
n
g
.
2
.
2
.
Sa
m
ple size
a
n
d info
r
m
a
nt
co
ns
ent
T
h
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
s
a
m
p
le
ca
lcu
l
atio
n
s
u
s
ed
t
h
e
L
e
v
y
an
d
L
a
m
es
h
o
w
f
o
r
m
u
la,
b
ec
a
u
s
e
th
e
p
o
p
u
latio
n
is
u
n
k
n
o
w
n
[
1
6
]
.
n
=
z
1
−
α
2
p
(
1
−
p
)
d
2
n
=
(
1
.
96
2
)
0
.
5
(
1
−
0
.
5
)
0
.
1
2
=
9
7
Sam
p
le
w
h
er
e,
n
=Sa
m
p
le,
p
=C
h
an
ce
,
d
=
L
i
m
it e
r
r
o
r
o
r
a
b
s
o
lu
te
p
r
ec
is
io
n
,
1
−
2
=
T
r
u
s
t
m
etr
ic
T
h
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
s
a
m
p
les
u
s
ed
w
a
s
9
7
.
T
h
e
s
tu
d
y
in
cl
u
s
io
n
c
r
iter
ia
w
er
e
p
eo
p
le
ag
ed
1
8
-
6
0
y
ea
r
s
an
d
r
esid
in
g
i
n
th
e
cit
y
o
f
Den
p
as
ar
.
T
h
e
ex
c
lu
s
io
n
cr
iter
io
n
f
o
r
th
is
s
t
u
d
y
is
t
h
e
co
m
m
u
n
it
y
w
h
o
w
o
r
k
as
h
ea
lt
h
w
o
r
k
er
s
.
I
n
f
o
r
m
a
n
t
co
n
s
e
n
t
w
a
s
g
i
v
en
b
ef
o
r
e
f
illi
n
g
o
u
t
t
h
e
q
u
e
s
tio
n
n
air
e
b
y
th
e
s
a
m
p
le,
w
h
ic
h
co
n
tai
n
ed
co
n
s
en
t
to
t
h
e
u
s
e
o
f
th
e
s
a
m
p
le
'
s
p
er
s
o
n
al,
t
h
e
le
n
g
th
o
f
ti
m
e
f
illi
n
g
o
u
t
th
e
q
u
e
s
tio
n
n
air
e,
b
en
e
f
it
s
,
in
co
n
v
en
ien
ce
s
,
r
esear
ch
r
i
s
k
s
,
an
d
co
n
f
id
en
tiali
t
y
o
f
s
a
m
p
l
e
d
ata.
I
f
th
e
r
ep
r
esen
tati
v
e
ag
r
ee
s
it
w
ill
p
r
o
ce
ed
to
f
ill o
u
t t
h
e
q
u
es
tio
n
n
air
e
2
.
3
.
Study
qu
estio
n
na
ire
a
nd
a
na
ly
s
is
T
h
is
r
esear
ch
w
a
s
co
n
d
u
cted
q
u
an
titati
v
el
y
;
m
ea
n
w
h
il
e,
t
h
e
p
r
ep
ar
atio
n
o
f
th
e
q
u
esti
o
n
n
air
e
o
f
q
u
an
tita
tiv
e
a
n
d
q
u
alita
tiv
e.
T
h
e
q
u
a
n
ti
tati
v
e
ar
r
an
g
e
m
en
t
c
o
m
p
ar
es
t
h
e
ca
lc
u
lated
R
-
v
al
u
e
w
it
h
t
h
e
R
-
T
ab
le.
T
h
e
q
u
alitativ
e
in
ter
p
r
etatio
n
w
a
s
ca
r
r
ied
o
u
t
u
s
i
n
g
f
o
c
u
s
e
d
g
r
o
u
p
d
esig
n
(
FG
D
)
.
C
o
n
te
n
t
v
alid
atio
n
u
s
in
g
lan
g
u
a
g
e
ex
p
er
ts
an
d
FGD
w
it
h
p
h
ar
m
ac
is
t
s
.
Valid
atio
n
an
d
r
eliab
ilit
y
test
s
w
er
e
ca
r
r
ied
o
u
t
in
B
ad
u
n
g
R
eg
e
n
c
y
.
T
h
e
s
e
lectio
n
o
f
B
ad
u
n
g
R
e
g
e
n
c
y
i
s
b
ec
au
s
e
it
h
as
s
i
m
ilar
itie
s
w
it
h
t
h
e
p
lace
w
h
er
e
th
e
r
e
s
ea
r
c
h
w
a
s
co
n
d
u
cted
i
n
Den
p
a
s
ar
C
i
t
y
co
m
p
ar
ed
to
o
th
er
d
is
tr
icts
i
n
B
ali
[
1
7
]
.
T
o
o
l
f
o
r
m
ea
s
u
r
in
g
HB
M
v
ar
iab
les
o
f
d
r
u
g
u
s
e
(
3
5
q
u
e
s
tio
n
s
)
u
s
i
n
g
a
q
u
e
s
tio
n
n
air
e
ad
a
p
ted
f
r
o
m
p
r
ev
io
u
s
r
esear
ch
[
1
8
]
.
T
est
th
e
v
alid
it
y
an
d
r
eliab
ilit
y
u
s
i
n
g
4
2
s
a
m
p
le
s
.
T
h
e
test
r
esu
l
ts
ar
e
v
alid
-
r
eliab
le
w
it
h
v
al
u
e
s
R
-
T
ab
le
>0
.
3
0
4
(
v
alid
it
y
)
an
d
C
r
o
n
b
ac
h
'
s
Alp
h
a
>0
.
6
0
(
r
eliab
ilit
y
)
.
T
h
e
q
u
es
tio
n
n
air
e
o
f
HB
M
ar
e
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
T
ab
le
1
,
l
o
w
est
v
alid
it
y
v
a
lu
e
i
s
0
.
4
2
5
,
an
d
th
e
r
eliab
ilit
y
v
alu
e
i
s
0
.
7
8
.
T
h
e
R
UM
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
i
n
g
q
u
esti
o
n
n
a
ir
e
(
1
5
q
u
esti
o
n
s
)
w
a
s
b
ased
o
n
t
h
eo
r
y
a
n
d
FGD
w
i
t
h
p
h
ar
m
ac
is
ts
in
De
n
p
asar
.
T
h
e
q
u
esti
o
n
n
air
e
ab
o
u
t
u
n
d
er
s
t
an
d
in
g
R
UM
ar
e
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
T
ab
le
2
,
th
e
lo
w
e
s
t
v
alid
it
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v
al
u
e,
0
.
3
1
0
,
w
ith
a
r
eliab
ilit
y
o
f
0
.
7
9
.
Statis
tical
a
n
al
y
s
i
s
w
a
s
in
t
h
e
f
o
r
m
o
f
s
a
m
p
le
ch
ar
ac
ter
is
tic
s
,
u
n
i
v
ar
iate
te
s
t o
f
HB
M
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u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
in
g
o
f
R
UM
v
ar
iab
le
s
,
an
d
b
in
ar
y
lo
g
is
t
ic
test
.
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D
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C
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13
T
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G
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15
I
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[
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.
Oth
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[
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[
2
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.
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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J
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20
21
:
4
11
–
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17
416
s
h
o
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lth
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p
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d
r
u
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[
2
2
]
.
Oth
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u
d
ies
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av
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en
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r
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r
[
2
3
]
.
Oth
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th
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av
io
r
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co
m
m
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it
y
[
2
4
]
.
T
h
is
d
if
f
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en
ce
in
r
e
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l
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[
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]
.
T
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s
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t
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n
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d
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y
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m
o
tio
n
al
f
a
cto
r
s
[
2
6
]
.
T
h
is
is
co
n
tr
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lt
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m
o
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cr
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r
[
2
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]
.
T
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s
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u
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eg
ar
d
in
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tr
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clin
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it
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ch
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it
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f
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tr
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m
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b
e
h
a
v
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r
[
2
8
]
.
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e
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ata
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th
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b
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ee
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ad
m
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tain
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i
s
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is
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n
s
i
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g
p
r
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s
s
,
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n
d
r
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u
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[
5
]
.
T
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d
y
's
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lt
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s
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ch
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a
t
s
tate
s
p
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en
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(
6
4
%)
[
29
]
.
T
h
er
e
a
r
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s
till
m
a
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T
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el
f
-
ef
f
icac
y
r
es
ea
r
ch
d
id
n
o
t p
r
o
v
id
e
a
s
ig
n
i
f
i
ca
n
t r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
to
th
e
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
in
g
o
f
R
UM
.
T
h
is
co
n
tr
ad
icts
r
esear
ch
,
w
h
ich
s
tate
s
t
h
e
u
s
e
o
f
s
el
f
-
ef
f
icac
y
i
s
r
elate
d
to
t
h
e
s
ca
le
o
f
t
h
e
r
i
g
h
t
d
r
u
g
u
s
e
[
30
]
.
T
h
is
d
if
f
er
en
ce
in
r
esu
lt
s
i
s
d
u
e
to
p
eo
p
le'
s
p
er
ce
p
tio
n
s
o
f
n
o
t
ag
r
ee
i
n
g
w
it
h
th
e
i
m
p
o
r
tan
t
p
r
o
ce
d
u
r
es
o
f
o
b
tain
i
n
g
d
r
u
g
s
,
s
o
th
at
u
n
d
er
s
ta
n
d
in
g
o
f
R
U
M
m
a
n
y
er
r
o
r
s
in
s
y
m
p
to
m
ati
c
tr
ea
t
m
e
n
t
a
n
d
t
h
e
ef
f
ec
ts
o
f
g
e
n
er
ic
-
p
aten
t
m
ed
icin
es.
T
h
e
r
esu
lt
s
o
f
th
e
p
er
ce
iv
ed
b
ar
r
ier
s
tu
d
y
w
it
h
t
h
e
u
n
d
er
s
ta
n
d
in
g
o
f
R
UM
s
h
o
w
s
i
g
n
i
f
ica
n
t
r
es
u
lt
s
.
T
h
is
r
esu
l
t
is
d
if
f
er
en
t
f
r
o
m
r
esear
ch
,
w
h
ich
s
tate
s
t
h
at
t
h
e
p
er
ce
iv
ed
b
ar
r
ier
d
o
es
n
o
t
af
f
ec
t
a
p
er
s
o
n
's
d
esire
to
u
s
e
d
r
u
g
s
an
d
is
m
o
r
e
in
f
lu
e
n
ce
d
b
y
cu
lt
u
r
e
[
3
1
]
.
T
h
e
f
i
n
d
in
g
s
o
f
t
h
i
s
s
tu
d
y
ar
e
co
n
f
ir
m
ed
b
y
o
th
er
s
tu
d
ies
t
h
at
s
h
o
w
t
h
e
co
m
m
u
n
i
t
y
'
s
w
i
lli
n
g
n
es
s
to
u
s
e
an
y
t
h
i
n
g
s
u
itab
le
b
ec
au
s
e
o
f
th
e
lac
k
o
f
ac
ce
s
s
to
k
n
o
w
l
ed
g
e
an
d
ti
m
e
a
n
d
in
s
u
f
f
icie
n
t
p
u
b
lic
ac
ce
s
s
to
h
ea
lt
h
s
er
v
ic
es
[
3
2
]
.
T
h
is
is
also
co
n
s
is
ten
t
w
it
h
t
h
e
r
esear
ch
d
ata
o
f
p
u
b
lic
p
er
ce
p
tio
n
s
t
h
at
s
tr
o
n
g
l
y
a
g
r
ee
o
n
th
e
li
m
ited
t
i
m
e
to
o
b
tain
d
r
u
g
s
an
d
af
f
ec
t th
e
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
i
n
g
o
f
R
UM
,
e
s
p
ec
ia
ll
y
i
n
i
n
f
o
r
m
at
io
n
o
n
s
y
m
p
to
m
atic
tr
ea
t
m
en
t.
4.
CO
NCLU
SI
O
N
Hea
lth
p
er
ce
p
tio
n
s
in
aller
g
y
r
ep
o
r
tin
g
an
d
a
w
ar
e
n
ess
o
f
d
r
u
g
u
s
e
b
ased
o
n
clin
ical
co
n
d
itio
n
s
an
d
s
elec
tio
n
o
f
alter
n
ati
v
es
i
n
cr
ea
s
e
u
n
d
er
s
ta
n
d
i
n
g
o
f
r
atio
n
a
l
d
r
u
g
u
s
e.
T
h
e
d
r
u
g
-
ta
k
in
g
p
r
o
ce
d
u
r
e
n
ee
d
s
to
b
e
d
o
n
e
q
u
ick
l
y
a
n
d
ac
co
r
d
in
g
to
th
e
p
r
o
v
is
io
n
s
to
ap
p
r
o
p
r
iatel
y
u
s
e
t
h
e
m
ed
icatio
n
.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
h
ea
lth
w
o
r
k
er
s
'
r
o
le
is
es
s
e
n
tial
in
p
r
o
v
id
in
g
co
m
p
lete
s
er
v
ice
s
a
n
d
i
n
f
o
r
m
atio
n
ab
o
u
t
d
r
u
g
s
i
n
h
ea
lt
h
ca
r
e,
esp
ec
iall
y
i
n
s
y
m
p
to
m
at
ic
d
r
u
g
s
.
RE
F
E
R
E
N
C
E
S
[1
]
F
.
M
o
riso
n
,
E.
K.
Un
tari
a
n
d
I.
F
a
jri
a
t
y
,
“
A
n
a
l
y
sis
o
f
th
e
le
v
e
l
o
f
k
n
o
w
led
g
e
a
n
d
p
e
rc
e
p
ti
o
n
s
o
f
th
e
p
e
o
p
le
o
f
th
e
c
it
y
o
f
S
in
g
k
a
w
a
n
g
to
w
a
rd
s
g
e
n
e
ric
d
ru
g
s
/
An
a
l
isis
ti
n
g
k
a
t
p
e
n
g
e
ta
h
u
a
n
d
a
n
p
e
rs
e
p
si
ma
sy
a
ra
k
a
t
k
o
ta
sin
g
k
a
wa
n
g
ter
h
a
d
a
p
o
b
a
t
g
e
n
e
rik
,
”
J
u
rn
a
l
F
a
rm
a
si Kl
i
n
ik In
d
o
n
e
sia
,
v
o
l.
4
,
n
o
.
1
,
p
p
.
3
9
-
4
8
,
2
0
1
5
.
[2
]
C.
M
.
S
ih
o
m
b
in
g
,
I.
Ef
e
n
d
y
,
a
n
d
A
.
J.
Ha
d
i,
“
F
a
c
to
rs
Aff
e
c
ti
n
g
th
e
Be
h
a
v
io
r
o
f
F
o
o
d
P
ro
v
id
e
rs
A
g
a
in
st
T
h
e
Im
p
le
m
e
n
tatio
n
o
f
Clea
n
A
n
d
He
a
lt
h
y
L
iv
in
g
Be
h
a
v
io
r
In
P
a
n
y
a
b
u
n
g
a
n
Cip
to
District
S
ta
ll
s
/
Fa
k
to
r
Y
a
n
g
M
e
mp
e
n
g
a
ru
h
i
Per
il
a
k
u
Pen
y
e
d
i
a
M
a
k
a
n
a
n
T
e
rh
a
d
a
p
Pela
k
sa
n
a
a
n
Per
il
a
k
u
Hi
d
u
p
Ber
sih
Da
n
S
e
h
a
t
Di
W
a
r
u
n
g
Ke
c
a
ma
ta
n
Pa
n
y
a
b
u
n
g
a
n
Ci
p
t
o
,
”
W
in
d
o
w
o
f
He
a
lt
h
J
u
rn
a
l
Ke
se
h
a
ta
n
,
v
o
l.
3
,
n
o
.
1
,
p
p
.
1
8
-
2
7
,
2
0
2
0
.
[3
]
S
.
A
d
a
w
iy
a
h
,
N
.
C
a
h
a
y
a
,
a
n
d
D
.
In
t
a
n
n
i
a
,
“
T
h
e
re
l
a
t
i
o
n
s
h
i
p
b
e
tw
e
e
n
p
e
r
c
e
p
t
i
o
n
s
o
f
l
a
x
a
t
i
v
e
d
r
u
g
a
d
v
e
r
t
is
e
m
e
n
t
s
o
n
t
e
l
e
v
i
s
i
o
n
w
i
t
h
c
o
m
m
u
n
i
ty
se
lf
-
m
e
d
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
i
n
S
u
n
g
a
i
B
e
s
a
r
Vi
l
l
a
g
e
,
B
a
n
j
a
r
b
a
r
u
D
is
t
r
i
c
t
/
H
u
b
u
n
g
a
n
p
e
r
s
e
p
s
i
te
r
h
a
d
a
p
i
k
l
a
n
o
b
a
t
l
a
k
s
a
t
i
f
d
i
t
e
l
e
v
i
s
i
d
e
n
g
a
n
p
e
r
i
l
a
k
u
s
w
a
m
e
d
i
k
a
s
i
m
a
sy
a
r
a
k
a
t
d
i
K
e
l
u
r
a
h
a
n
S
u
n
g
a
i
B
e
s
a
r
K
e
c
a
m
a
t
a
n
B
a
n
j
a
r
b
a
r
u
,
”
J
o
u
r
n
a
l
o
f
P
h
a
r
m
a
c
e
u
t
i
c
a
l
,
v
o
l
.
1
4
,
n
o
.
1
,
p
p
.
1
0
8
-
1
2
6
,
2
0
1
7
.
[4
]
M
a
rw
a
ti
a
n
d
Am
id
i,
“
T
h
e
in
f
lu
e
n
c
e
o
f
c
u
lt
u
re
,
p
e
rc
e
p
ti
o
n
s,
a
n
d
b
e
li
e
f
s
o
n
h
e
rb
a
l
m
e
d
icin
e
p
u
rc
h
a
sin
g
d
e
c
isio
n
s
/
Pen
g
a
ru
h
b
u
d
a
y
a
,
p
e
rs
e
p
si,
d
a
n
k
e
p
e
rc
a
y
a
a
n
ter
h
a
d
a
p
k
e
p
u
tu
sa
n
p
e
mb
e
li
a
n
o
b
a
t
h
e
rb
a
l
,
”
J
u
rn
a
l
Ilm
u
M
a
n
a
jem
e
n
,
v
o
l.
7
,
n
o
.
2
,
p
p
.
1
6
8
-
1
8
0
,
2
0
1
8
.
[5
]
A
.
N.
In
sa
n
y
,
D.
P
.
De
stian
i
,
A
.
S
a
n
i,
L
.
S
a
b
d
a
n
in
g
ty
a
s,
a
n
d
I.
S
.
P
ra
d
ip
ta,
“
P
e
rc
e
p
ti
o
n
s
Re
latio
n
sh
ip
t
o
A
n
ti
b
io
ti
c
M
e
d
ica
ti
o
n
Be
h
a
v
io
r:
Ob
se
rv
a
ti
o
n
a
l
S
tu
d
y
th
ro
u
g
h
t
h
e
T
h
e
o
ry
o
f
He
a
lt
h
Be
li
e
f
M
o
d
e
l
A
p
p
r
o
a
c
h
/
Hu
b
u
n
g
a
n
Per
se
p
si
ter
h
a
d
a
p
Per
il
a
k
u
S
wa
me
d
ika
si
An
ti
b
io
ti
k
:
S
t
u
d
i
Ob
se
rv
a
sio
n
a
l
me
la
lu
i
Pen
d
e
k
a
t
a
n
T
e
o
ri
He
a
lt
h
Belief
M
o
d
e
l
,
”
J
u
rn
a
l
F
a
rm
a
si
Kli
n
ik
.
I
n
d
o
n
e
s
ia
,
v
o
l.
4
,
n
o
.
2
,
p
p
.
7
7
-
8
6
,
2
0
1
5
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t.
J
.
P
u
b
lic
Hea
lth
Sci.
I
SS
N:
2
2
5
2
-
8806
Hea
lth
b
elief
mo
d
el
(
HB
M)
a
n
d
th
e
u
n
d
ers
ta
n
d
in
g
o
f ra
tio
n
a
l u
s
e…
(
P
u
tu
E
ka
A
r
imb
a
w
a
)
417
[6
]
Z.
Yu
e
,
C.
L
i,
Q.
W
e
il
in
,
a
n
d
W
.
Bin
,
“
P
a
ti
e
n
t
Ed
u
c
a
ti
o
n
a
n
d
C
o
u
n
se
li
n
g
A
p
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
o
f
th
e
h
e
a
lt
h
b
e
li
e
f
m
o
d
e
l
to
im
p
ro
v
e
th
e
u
n
d
e
rsta
n
d
i
n
g
o
f
a
n
t
ih
y
p
e
rten
siv
e
m
e
d
ica
ti
o
n
a
d
h
e
re
n
c
e
a
m
o
n
g
Ch
in
e
se
p
a
ti
e
n
ts,
”
Pa
ti
e
n
t
Ed
u
c
a
ti
o
n
and
Co
u
n
s
e
li
n
g
,
v
o
l.
9
8
,
n
o
.
5
,
p
p
.
6
6
9
-
6
7
3
,
2
0
1
5
.
[7
]
L
.
Kh
a
iri
y
a
ti
,
“
F
a
c
to
rs
re
late
d
to
sto
ra
g
e
o
f
h
a
rd
d
ru
g
s
a
n
d
a
n
ti
b
i
o
ti
c
s
w
it
h
o
u
t
p
re
sc
rip
ti
o
n
in
G
o
ro
n
tal
o
P
r
o
v
in
c
e
/
Fa
k
t
o
r
y
a
n
g
b
e
rh
u
b
u
n
g
a
n
d
e
n
g
a
n
p
e
n
y
imp
a
n
a
n
o
b
a
t
k
e
ra
s
d
a
n
o
b
a
t
a
n
ti
b
io
t
ika
t
a
n
p
a
re
se
p
d
i
Pr
o
v
in
si
Go
ro
n
t
a
lo
,
”
J
u
rn
a
l
P
u
b
l
ika
si
Ke
se
h
a
t
an
.
M
a
sy
a
r
a
k
a
t.
In
d
o
n
e
sia
,
v
o
l.
2
,
n
o
.
1
,
p
p
.
13
-
1
9
,
2
0
1
5
.
[8
]
P
.
E.
A
ri
m
b
a
w
a
a
n
d
I.
P
.
G
.
P
.
A
d
i,
“
P
a
ti
e
n
t
p
e
rc
e
p
ti
o
n
s
o
n
t
h
e
ro
le
o
f
a
p
h
a
rm
a
c
ist
a
n
d
th
e
u
n
d
e
rsta
n
d
in
g
o
f
th
e
ra
ti
o
n
a
l
u
se
o
f
m
e
d
icin
e
s
(RUM),
”
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
S
u
st
a
in
a
b
i
li
t
y
S
c
ien
c
e
a
n
d
M
a
n
a
g
e
me
n
t
,
v
o
l.
1
4
,
n
o
.
6
,
p
p
.
1
3
7
-
1
4
4
,
2
0
1
9
.
[9
]
L
.
G
ö
k
ç
e
k
u
ş,
A
.
M
e
stro
v
ic,
a
n
d
B.
Ba
sg
u
t,
“
P
h
a
rm
a
c
ist
in
terv
e
n
ti
o
n
i
n
d
ru
g
-
re
late
d
p
ro
b
lem
s
fo
r
p
a
ti
e
n
ts
w
it
h
c
a
rd
io
v
a
sc
u
lar
d
ise
a
se
s
in
se
l
e
c
ted
c
o
m
m
u
n
it
y
p
h
a
rm
a
c
ies
in
No
rt
h
e
rn
Cy
p
ru
s,”
T
ro
p
i
c
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
Ph
a
rm
a
c
e
u
t
ica
l
Res
e
a
rc
h
,
v
o
l.
1
5
,
n
o
.
1
0
,
p
p
.
2
2
7
5
-
2
2
8
1
,
2
0
1
6
.
[1
0
]
N.
A
.
Ha
ra
h
a
p
,
K.
Kh
a
ir
u
n
n
isa
,
a
n
d
J.
T
a
n
u
w
ij
a
y
a
,
“
P
a
ti
e
n
t
k
n
o
w
led
g
e
a
n
d
ra
ti
o
n
a
li
ty
o
f
se
lf
-
m
e
d
ica
ti
o
n
in
t
h
re
e
p
h
a
rm
a
c
ie
s o
f
P
a
n
y
a
b
u
n
g
a
n
Cit
y
,
In
d
o
n
e
sia
,
”
J
u
rn
a
l
S
a
i
n
s F
a
rm
a
s
i
&
Kli
n
is
,
v
o
l.
3
,
n
o
.
2
,
p
p
.
1
8
6
-
1
9
2
,
2
0
1
7
.
[1
1
]
P
.
E.
A
rim
b
a
wa
,
“
T
h
e
re
l
a
ti
o
n
s
h
ip
b
e
tw
e
e
n
h
e
a
lt
h
in
su
ra
n
c
e
o
w
n
e
rsh
ip
a
n
d
ra
ti
o
n
a
l
d
r
u
g
u
se
(P
OR)
i
n
se
lf
-
m
e
d
ica
ted
p
a
ti
e
n
ts
/
Hu
b
u
n
g
a
n
k
e
p
e
mili
k
a
n
a
s
u
ra
n
si
k
e
se
h
a
t
a
n
d
e
n
g
a
n
p
e
n
g
g
u
n
a
a
n
o
b
a
t
ra
sio
n
a
l
(
POR)
p
a
d
a
p
a
sie
n
sw
a
me
d
ika
si
,
”
M
e
d
i
c
a
me
n
to
,
v
o
l
.
4
,
n
o
.
2
,
p
p
.
1
1
8
-
1
2
2
,
2
0
1
7
.
[1
2
]
D.
A
lk
h
a
li
d
i,
S
.
Q.
Ja
m
sh
e
d
,
R.
M
.
El
k
a
lm
i,
M
.
R.
Ba
ig
,
A
.
A
sl
a
m
,
a
n
d
M
.
A
.
Ha
ss
a
li
,
“
G
e
n
e
ra
l
P
u
b
li
c
V
iew
s,
A
tt
it
u
d
e
s,
a
n
d
Ex
p
e
rien
c
e
s
to
wa
rd
Dru
g
S
a
f
e
t
y
in
Du
b
a
i,
Un
i
ted
A
ra
b
E
m
ir
a
tes
:
A
Qu
a
li
ta
ti
v
e
A
p
p
ro
a
c
h
,
”
Ph
a
rm
a
c
y
,
v
o
l
.
7
,
n
o
.
1
,
p
.
1
9
,
2
0
1
9
.
[
1
3
]
S
y
o
fy
a
n
,
H.
D.
G
h
iffari,
a
n
d
Eri
z
a
l
Zain
i,
“
P
e
r
c
e
p
t
i
o
n
s
,
k
n
o
w
l
e
d
g
e
,
a
n
d
a
t
t
i
t
u
d
e
s
a
b
o
u
t
m
e
d
i
c
i
n
e
a
m
o
n
g
h
i
g
h
sc
h
o
o
l
s
t
u
d
e
n
t
s
(
S
M
A
)
i
n
K
o
t
a
P
a
r
i
a
m
a
n
,
W
e
s
t
S
u
m
a
t
r
a
,
”
J
u
r
n
a
l
Sa
i
n
s
F
a
r
m
a
s
i
a
n
d
K
l
i
n
is
,
v
o
l
.
4
,
n
o
.
1
,
pp
.
8
3
-
8
7
,
2
0
1
7
.
[1
4
]
N.
F
.
Ba
sa
ra
n
a
n
d
A
.
Ak
ici,
“
P
a
ti
e
n
ts’
e
x
p
e
rien
c
e
a
n
d
p
e
rsp
e
c
ti
v
e
s
o
n
th
e
ra
ti
o
n
a
l
u
se
o
f
d
ru
g
s in
T
u
rk
e
y
:
A
su
rv
e
y
stu
d
y
,
”
Pa
ti
e
n
t
Pre
fer
A
d
h
e
re
n
c
e
,
v
o
l.
6
,
p
p
.
7
1
9
-
7
2
4
,
2
0
1
2
.
[1
5
]
W
.
J.
R
e
jes
k
i
a
n
d
J.
F
a
n
n
in
g
,
“
M
o
d
e
ls
a
n
d
th
e
o
ries
o
f
h
e
a
lt
h
b
e
h
a
v
io
r
a
n
d
c
li
n
ica
l
in
terv
e
n
ti
o
n
s
in
a
g
in
g
:
A
c
o
n
tem
p
o
ra
r
y
,
in
teg
ra
ti
v
e
a
p
p
ro
a
c
h
,
”
Cli
n
ic
a
l
I
n
ter
v
e
n
ti
o
n
s
in
Ag
i
n
g
,
v
o
l.
1
4
,
p
p
.
1
0
0
7
-
1
0
1
9
,
2
0
1
9
.
[1
6
]
L
e
v
y
a
n
d
L
a
m
e
sh
o
w
,
“
S
a
m
p
li
n
g
o
f
P
o
p
u
latio
n
s: M
e
t
h
o
d
s an
d
A
p
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
s,
”
J
o
h
n
W
il
e
y
a
n
d
S
o
n
s
,
2
0
0
8
.
[1
7
]
P
.
I.
P
.
P
u
tra
a
n
d
I.
P
.
Ya
d
n
y
a
,
“
A
n
a
l
y
sis
o
f
Eco
n
o
m
ic
L
e
a
d
in
g
S
e
c
to
rs
i
n
De
n
p
a
sa
r,
Ba
d
u
n
g
,
G
ian
y
a
r,
a
n
d
T
a
b
a
n
a
n
Re
g
e
n
c
ies
/
Cit
ies
/
An
a
li
sis
S
e
k
to
r
Un
g
g
u
la
n
Per
e
k
o
n
o
mia
n
d
i
K
a
b
u
p
a
ten
/K
o
ta
De
n
p
a
sa
r,
Ba
d
u
n
g
,
Gia
n
y
a
r,
d
a
n
T
a
b
a
n
a
n
,
”
E
-
J
u
rn
a
l
M
a
n
a
jem
e
n
U
n
u
d
,
v
o
l
.
7
,
n
o
.
1
0
,
p
p
.
5
6
5
7
-
5
6
8
5
,
2
0
1
8
.
[1
8
]
B.
Erci
a
n
d
Zey
n
e
p
Çiçe
k
,
“
Re
li
a
b
il
it
y
a
n
d
V
a
li
d
i
ty
o
f
Dru
g
s
Us
e
He
a
lt
h
Be
li
e
f
S
c
a
le
in
A
d
u
lt
W
o
m
e
n
,
”
In
ter
n
a
t
io
n
a
l
Arc
h
ive
s o
f
N
u
rs
in
g
a
n
d
He
a
lt
h
C
a
re
,
v
o
l.
3
,
n
o
.
1
,
p
p
.
1
-
7
,
2
0
1
7
.
[1
9
]
C.
He
id
,
M
.
J.
Kn
o
b
l
o
c
h
,
L
.
T
.
S
c
h
u
lz,
S
.
M
.
M
e
m
o
rial,
a
n
d
V
.
H
o
sp
it
a
l,
“
Us
e
o
f
th
e
h
e
a
lt
h
b
e
li
e
f
m
o
d
e
l
to
stu
d
y
p
a
ti
e
n
t
p
e
rc
e
p
ti
o
n
s
o
f
a
n
ti
m
icr
o
b
ial
ste
w
a
rd
sh
ip
i
n
th
e
a
c
u
te
c
a
re
se
tt
in
g
,
”
In
fec
t
io
n
Co
n
tr
o
l
a
n
d
Ho
sp
it
a
l
Ep
id
e
mi
o
l
o
g
y
,
v
o
l.
3
7
,
n
o
.
5
,
p
p
.
5
7
6
-
5
8
2
,
2
0
1
7
.
[2
0
]
R.
Of
o
ri
-
A
se
n
so
a
n
d
A
.
A
.
Ag
y
e
m
a
n
,
“
Irra
ti
o
n
a
l
Us
e
o
f
M
e
d
ici
n
e
s
-
A
S
u
m
m
a
r
y
o
f
Ke
y
Co
n
c
e
p
ts,
”
Ph
a
rm
a
c
y
,
v
o
l.
2
8
,
n
o
.
4
,
p
.
3
5
,
2
0
1
6
.
[2
1
]
R.
M
.
T
h
a
h
a
,
N.
Ba
h
a
ru
d
d
in
,
a
n
d
M
.
S
y
a
fa
r,
“
A
b
u
se
o
f
Ha
rd
D
ru
g
s
b
y
Co
n
stru
c
ti
o
n
W
o
rk
e
rs
in
th
e
P
a
ra
n
g
lo
e
In
d
a
h
W
a
re
h
o
u
se
,
M
a
k
a
ss
a
r
Cit
y
/
Pen
y
a
la
h
g
u
n
a
a
n
Ob
a
t
Ke
ra
s
Ole
h
Bu
ru
h
Ba
n
g
u
n
a
n
Di
Per
g
u
d
a
n
g
a
n
Pa
ra
n
g
lo
e
In
d
a
h
K
o
ta
M
a
k
a
s
sa
r
,
”
J
u
r
n
a
l
M
KM
I
,
v
o
l.
1
2
,
n
o
.
2
,
p
p
.
1
1
8
-
1
2
6
,
2
0
1
6
.
[2
2
]
S
.
R.
Ja
b
e
re
e
,
T
.
A
g
h
a
m
o
lae
i,
a
n
d
L
.
Ha
ss
a
n
i
,
“
A
d
o
p
t
in
g
S
e
lf
-
M
e
d
ica
ti
o
n
P
re
v
e
n
ti
o
n
Be
h
a
v
io
r
s
A
c
c
o
rd
in
g
t
o
He
a
lt
h
Be
li
e
f
M
o
d
e
l
Co
n
stru
c
ts,
”
h
o
rm
o
z
g
a
n
me
d
ica
l
jo
u
rn
a
l
,
v
o
l.
2
4
,
p
p
.
1
-
6
,
2
0
2
0
.
[2
3
]
A
.
C.
Bish
o
p
,
G
.
R.
Ba
k
e
r,
T
.
A.
Bo
y
le,
a
n
d
N.
J.
M
a
c
k
in
n
o
n
,
“
Us
in
g
th
e
h
e
a
lt
h
b
e
li
e
f
m
o
d
e
l
to
e
x
p
lain
p
a
ti
e
n
t
in
v
o
lv
e
m
e
n
t
in
p
a
ti
e
n
t
sa
f
e
t
y
,
”
H
e
a
lt
h
Ex
p
e
c
ta
ti
o
n
s
,
v
o
l.
1
8
,
n
o
.
6
,
p
p
.
3
0
1
9
-
3
0
3
3
,
2
0
1
5
.
[2
4
]
Z.
S
.
M
o
tav
a
li
,
H.
A
b
e
d
i,
E.
Da
v
a
rid
o
lata
b
a
d
i
,
a
n
d
Y.
Re
se
a
rc
h
e
rs,
“
S
e
lf
-
m
e
d
ica
ti
o
n
a
n
d
it
s
Ef
fe
c
t
iv
e
M
o
d
if
iab
le
F
a
c
to
rs
a
m
o
n
g
El
d
e
rl
y
Re
fe
rre
d
He
a
lt
h
Ca
re
C
e
n
ters
in
S
h
a
h
r
-
e
-
Ko
rd
in
2
0
1
5
,
”
El
e
c
tro
n
ic
Ph
y
sic
ia
n
J
o
u
r
n
a
l
,
v
o
l
.
8
,
n
o
.
1
1
,
p
p
.
3
2
0
5
-
3
2
1
3
,
2
0
1
6
.
[2
5
]
A
.
P
a
l
a
c
i
o
,
D
.
G
a
ra
y
,
B
.
L
a
n
g
e
r,
J
.
T
a
y
l
o
r
,
B
.
A
.
W
o
o
d
,
a
n
d
L
.
T
a
m
a
r
i
z
,
“
M
o
t
i
v
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
I
n
t
e
rv
iew
i
n
g
Im
p
r
o
v
e
s
M
e
d
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
A
d
h
e
r
e
n
c
e
:
a
S
y
s
t
e
m
a
t
i
c
R
e
v
i
e
w
a
n
d
M
e
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