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10
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No
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3
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Sep
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529
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r
ies
th
e
h
i
g
h
e
s
t
r
is
k
o
f
d
ea
th
f
o
r
b
o
th
m
o
t
h
er
s
a
n
d
t
h
eir
b
ab
ies
[
1
0
]
.
T
h
e
r
ed
u
cti
o
n
i
n
m
ater
n
a
l
m
o
r
talit
y
r
ate
s
(
MM
R
)
in
cr
o
s
s
-
co
u
n
tr
y
s
tu
d
ies
h
a
s
b
ee
n
as
s
o
ciate
d
w
ith
h
ig
h
er
r
ates
o
f
s
k
i
lled
b
ir
th
atte
n
d
an
ts
(
SB
As)
[
1
1
]
.
Fo
r
d
eliv
er
ies
th
at
o
cc
u
r
o
u
ts
id
e
h
ea
lth
f
ac
il
ities
,
t
h
e
r
is
k
o
f
ad
v
er
s
e
d
eliv
er
y
o
u
tco
m
e
s
is
co
m
p
ar
ab
le
b
et
w
ee
n
tr
ad
itio
n
a
l
b
ir
th
atten
d
an
ts
(
T
B
A
s
)
an
d
SB
As
w
h
ic
h
i
n
d
icate
s
th
a
t
th
e
b
en
ef
it
s
o
f
SB
A
s
ca
n
n
o
t
b
e
ex
p
er
ien
ce
d
u
n
le
s
s
lab
o
r
o
cc
u
r
s
in
a
n
ad
eq
u
atel
y
r
eso
u
r
ce
d
h
ea
lth
f
ac
ilit
y
,
an
d
s
u
c
h
ca
r
e
is
n
o
t
r
ea
ch
ed
to
o
la
te
[
1
2
]
.
Sk
illed
ca
r
e
at
d
eliv
er
y
ac
co
r
d
in
g
to
W
o
r
ld
Hea
lth
Or
g
a
n
izatio
n
(
W
HO
)
is
―
a
d
eliv
er
y
s
er
v
ice
p
r
o
v
id
ed
b
y
an
ac
cr
ed
ited
h
ea
lt
h
p
r
o
f
es
s
io
n
al
s
u
c
h
as
a
m
id
w
i
f
e,
d
o
cto
r
o
r
n
u
r
s
e
w
h
o
h
a
v
e
b
ee
n
ed
u
ca
ted
a
n
d
tr
ai
n
ed
to
p
r
o
f
icien
c
y
i
n
th
e
s
k
ill
s
n
ee
d
ed
to
m
a
n
a
g
e
n
o
r
m
al
u
n
co
m
p
licated
p
r
eg
n
an
cie
s
,
ch
ild
b
ir
th
an
d
t
h
e
i
m
m
ed
iate
p
o
s
tn
atal
p
er
io
d
,
an
d
in
th
e
id
en
ti
f
ica
ti
o
n
,
m
a
n
a
g
e
m
en
t,
an
d
r
ef
er
r
al
o
f
co
m
p
licatio
n
s
in
w
o
m
e
n
an
d
n
e
w
b
o
r
n
s
[
1
3
]
.
An
es
ti
m
a
ted
7
4
%
o
f
m
ater
n
al
d
ea
th
s
co
u
ld
b
e
p
r
ev
en
ted
if
all
w
o
m
e
n
h
ad
ac
ce
s
s
to
s
k
illed
d
eli
v
er
y
a
n
d
e
m
er
g
e
n
c
y
o
b
s
tetr
ic
ca
r
e
s
er
v
i
ce
s
[
1
4
]
.
Sev
er
al
s
tu
d
ies
h
av
e
id
en
ti
f
ied
f
ac
to
r
s
s
u
c
h
as
lo
n
g
-
d
is
ta
n
ce
[
1
5
]
-
[
1
8
]
p
o
o
r
r
o
a
d
n
et
w
o
r
k
s
[
1
9
]
,
lack
o
f
v
eh
ic
les
[
2
0
]
-
[
2
2
]
,
an
d
tr
an
s
p
o
r
tatio
n
co
s
ts
[
2
3
]
,
[
2
4
]
as
b
ar
r
ier
s
to
e
m
er
g
e
n
c
y
o
b
s
tetr
ic
ca
r
e
f
o
r
p
r
eg
n
an
t
w
o
m
e
n
.
I
n
cr
ea
s
e
d
d
is
tan
ce
to
m
ater
n
it
y
ca
r
e
h
as
an
in
v
er
s
e
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
w
it
h
m
ater
n
al
h
ea
lt
h
ca
r
e
u
ti
lizatio
n
e
s
p
ec
i
all
y
a
m
o
n
g
r
u
r
al
w
o
m
e
n
[
2
5
]
.
T
h
ese
b
ar
r
ier
s
n
ec
es
s
itate
th
e
d
esi
g
n
o
f
in
t
er
v
en
tio
n
s
to
ex
p
ed
ite
th
e
s
w
i
f
t
m
o
v
e
m
e
n
t
o
f
w
o
m
e
n
f
r
o
m
h
o
m
e
to
h
ea
lt
h
f
ac
ilit
ies.
Am
o
n
g
s
u
ch
i
n
ter
v
e
n
tio
n
s
ar
e
m
ater
n
it
y
w
aiti
n
g
h
o
m
e
s
(
MW
Hs).
M
W
H
s
a
r
e
tem
p
o
r
a
r
y
l
o
d
g
in
g
s
o
r
a
cc
o
m
m
o
d
a
ti
o
n
f
a
c
il
i
ti
es
l
o
ca
t
e
d
at
o
r
c
l
o
s
e
t
o
a
h
e
al
t
h
f
a
c
il
i
ty
w
h
e
r
e
p
r
eg
n
an
t
w
o
m
en
c
l
o
s
e
t
o
t
e
r
m
r
e
s
i
d
e
an
d
a
w
a
i
t
d
e
li
v
e
r
y
a
n
d
c
an
th
e
r
ea
f
t
e
r
ea
s
ily
a
cc
e
s
s
t
h
e
h
e
a
lth
f
a
ci
l
ity
f
o
r
e
s
s
e
n
t
i
al
c
h
il
d
b
i
r
th
c
a
r
e
o
r
c
a
r
e
f
o
r
o
b
s
t
e
t
r
i
c
c
o
m
p
li
c
a
t
i
o
n
s
.
T
h
i
s
w
o
u
l
d
h
e
l
p
r
e
d
u
c
e
a
c
c
e
s
s
b
a
r
r
i
e
r
s
t
o
c
a
r
e
s
u
ch
as
d
is
t
an
c
e
,
g
e
o
g
r
a
p
h
y
,
s
e
as
o
n
al
b
a
r
r
ie
r
s
,
t
im
e
o
f
th
e
d
ay
,
in
f
r
as
t
r
u
c
tu
r
e
,
t
r
an
s
p
o
r
t
at
i
o
n
,
o
r
c
o
m
m
u
n
i
c
at
i
o
n
b
e
tw
ee
n
r
ef
e
r
r
a
l
s
[
2
6
]
.
T
h
ey
h
av
e
b
e
en
en
d
o
r
s
e
d
b
y
th
e
W
H
O
s
in
c
e
t
h
e
1
9
5
0
s
a
s
o
n
e
c
o
m
p
o
n
e
n
t
o
f
a
c
o
m
p
r
eh
en
s
iv
e
p
a
c
k
ag
e
t
o
r
e
d
u
c
e
m
a
t
e
r
n
al
m
o
r
b
i
d
i
ty
an
d
m
o
r
t
a
li
ty
[
2
7
]
.
A
m
et
a
-
an
a
ly
s
is
h
as
s
h
o
w
n
th
a
t
M
W
H
s
s
ig
n
if
ic
an
t
ly
r
e
d
u
c
e
d
p
e
r
in
a
t
al
m
o
r
t
a
li
ty
b
y
8
2
.
5
%
in
A
f
r
i
c
a
[
2
8
]
an
d
MWH
u
s
e
r
s
h
av
e
b
ee
n
r
e
p
o
r
t
e
d
t
o
b
e
8
0
%
l
e
s
s
lik
e
ly
to
d
i
e
t
h
an
n
o
n
-
u
s
e
r
s
w
ith
a
7
3
%
r
e
d
u
ct
i
o
n
in
s
t
il
l
b
i
r
th
am
o
n
g
u
s
e
r
s
[
2
9
]
.
A
lt
h
o
u
g
h
MW
H
s
h
av
e
b
ee
n
s
h
o
w
n
to
d
ec
r
ea
s
e
m
ater
n
al
an
d
p
er
in
ata
l
m
o
r
tal
it
y
,
i
ts
r
o
le
i
n
in
cr
ea
s
i
n
g
u
tili
za
tio
n
o
f
i
n
s
tit
u
tio
n
al
d
eliv
er
y
,
h
o
w
e
v
er
,
i
s
in
co
n
cl
u
s
iv
e.
I
n
Z
a
m
b
ia,
t
h
e
in
tr
o
d
u
ctio
n
o
f
s
i
x
MW
Hs
in
th
r
ee
r
u
r
al
d
is
tr
ict
s
led
to
im
p
r
o
v
e
m
en
t
s
in
t
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
r
tio
n
o
f
h
ea
lth
f
ac
i
lit
y
d
eli
v
er
ies
i
n
th
e
in
ter
v
e
n
tio
n
f
ac
i
liti
e
s
v
er
s
u
s
th
e
co
m
p
ar
is
o
n
f
ac
il
ities
[
3
0
]
w
h
ils
t
i
n
T
i
m
o
r
-
L
es
te,
th
e
i
m
p
le
m
en
ta
tio
n
o
f
MW
Hs
in
t
w
o
r
e
m
o
te
d
is
tr
ict
s
d
id
n
o
t
i
m
p
r
o
v
e
FB
D
u
p
ta
k
e
by
w
o
m
en
li
v
i
n
g
in
t
h
e
s
t
u
d
y
d
i
s
tr
icts
[
3
1
]
.
W
e
s
ea
r
ch
ed
o
n
Go
o
g
le
Sch
o
lar
a
n
d
P
u
b
Me
d
w
it
h
n
o
la
n
g
u
a
g
e
r
estrictio
n
s
,
f
o
r
ar
ticles
p
u
b
li
s
h
ed
u
p
to
Feb
2
8
,
2
0
2
1
,
u
s
in
g
t
h
e
ter
m
s
"
Ma
ter
n
i
t
y
w
aiti
n
g
Ho
m
e"
"
Ma
ter
n
it
y
w
aiti
n
g
ar
ea
"
"
f
ac
ilit
y
-
b
ased
d
eliv
er
y
"
an
d
―
s
y
s
te
m
a
tic
r
e
v
ie
w
‖
b
u
t
f
o
u
n
d
n
o
s
y
s
te
m
a
tic
r
e
v
ie
w
s
as
s
e
s
s
i
n
g
t
h
e
e
f
f
ec
ti
v
en
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s
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o
f
th
e
MW
H
s
tr
ate
g
y
i
n
in
cr
ea
s
i
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g
u
tili
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o
f
FB
D.
T
h
e
ai
m
o
f
th
i
s
s
y
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te
m
atic
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ev
ie
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,
th
er
e
f
o
r
e,
w
as
a)
to
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al
u
ate
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h
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ef
f
ec
tiv
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s
s
o
f
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n
in
cr
ea
s
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g
u
ti
lizatio
n
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f
Facilit
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b
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illed
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r
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d
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)
to
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ess
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m
p
ac
t o
f
t
h
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q
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alit
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o
f
MW
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s
in
i
n
cr
ea
s
i
n
g
u
til
izatio
n
o
f
F
B
D.
2.
RE
S
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ARCH
M
E
T
H
O
D
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o
p
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esen
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r
ef
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ed
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tin
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at
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w
s
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d
m
et
a
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an
a
l
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s
es
(
P
R
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SMA
)
ch
ec
k
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s
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[
3
2
]
w
as
u
s
ed
.
2
.
1
.
Da
t
a
s
o
urce
s
a
nd
s
ea
rc
h str
a
t
eg
y
A
s
y
s
te
m
a
tic
s
ea
r
ch
w
a
s
d
o
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s
in
g
elec
tr
o
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atab
ase
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in
cl
u
d
in
g
P
u
b
Me
d
,
Sco
p
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s
,
Go
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lar
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b
s
co
h
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t,
an
d
Scie
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ce
Dir
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t
to
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ap
p
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p
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b
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ar
ticles
o
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m
p
ac
t
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f
m
a
ter
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it
y
w
ait
in
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i
n
in
cr
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s
i
n
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th
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til
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o
f
s
k
illed
FB
D,
w
h
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h
is
co
n
s
id
er
ed
as
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b
i
r
th
th
at
o
cc
u
r
r
ed
in
a
h
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lth
ca
r
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f
ac
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u
c
h
as a
h
o
s
p
ital,
h
ea
l
th
ce
n
ter
,
o
r
clin
i
c
atten
d
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b
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d
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cto
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s
,
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u
r
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es,
o
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id
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v
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A
r
ticle
s
w
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etr
iev
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s
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ap
p
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o
p
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B
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lean
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ato
r
s
.
T
h
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last
ar
ticle
s
ea
r
ch
w
as
p
er
f
o
r
m
ed
in
Ma
r
c
h
2
0
2
1
.
T
h
e
p
o
p
u
latio
n
,
in
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v
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n
tio
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,
co
m
p
ar
is
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,
an
d
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tco
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s
(
P
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tti
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f
r
a
m
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w
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w
a
s
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t.
J
.
P
u
b
lic
Hea
lth
Sci.
I
SS
N:
2
252
-
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ffective
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ua
lity
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u
an
t
itati
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s
tu
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[
3
3
]
w
as
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p
lo
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[
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.
Stu
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tu
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y
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s
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h
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.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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I
n
t.
J
.
P
u
b
lic
Hea
lth
Sci.,
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l.
10
,
No
.
3
,
Sep
tem
b
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2021
:
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–
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a
te
r
n
i
ty
w
ai
ti
n
g
s
p
a
c
e
(
6
0
.
7
%
v
e
r
s
u
s
5
5
.
9
%
,
p
<
0
.
0
0
1
)
.
T
h
e
r
e
w
a
s
a
9
5
%
in
c
r
e
as
e
in
th
e
o
d
d
s
o
f
f
a
c
i
li
ty
d
e
l
i
v
e
r
y
in
s
tu
d
y
c
a
t
ch
m
en
t
a
r
ea
s
th
at
h
a
d
M
W
Hs
r
at
e
d
as
m
ed
i
u
m
o
r
h
ig
h
q
u
a
li
ty
th
an
th
o
s
e
r
a
t
e
d
t
o
b
e
o
f
p
o
o
r
q
u
a
l
ity
[
4
1
]
.
A
cl
u
s
ter
r
an
d
o
m
ized
co
n
tr
o
lled
tr
ial
(
R
C
T
)
in
E
t
h
io
p
ia
[
4
0
]
ev
al
u
ated
th
e
ef
f
ec
ti
v
e
n
es
s
o
f
u
p
g
r
ad
ed
MW
Hs
to
g
et
h
er
w
it
h
co
m
m
u
n
i
t
y
e
n
g
ag
e
m
e
n
t
i
n
t
h
e
f
o
r
m
o
f
tr
ain
i
n
g
o
f
lo
ca
l
r
eli
g
i
o
u
s
an
d
co
m
m
u
n
it
y
lead
er
s
to
h
elp
cr
ea
te
a
s
u
it
ab
le
en
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
t
w
h
er
e
w
o
m
en
an
d
t
h
eir
f
a
m
ilies
ca
n
ac
ce
s
s
MW
Hs
a
n
d
o
b
s
tetr
ic
ca
r
e.
T
h
e
au
th
o
r
s
f
o
u
n
d
h
i
g
h
er
o
d
d
s
o
f
in
s
titu
tio
n
al
b
ir
th
s
in
th
e
t
w
o
in
ter
v
e
n
ti
o
n
g
r
o
u
p
s
co
m
p
ar
ed
w
it
h
u
s
u
al
ca
r
e
b
u
t th
is
w
as
n
o
t
s
tatis
tical
l
y
s
ig
n
i
f
ica
n
t
.
T
h
e
r
ev
ie
w
ai
m
ed
to
ev
a
l
u
ate
th
e
ef
f
ec
ti
v
e
n
es
s
o
f
t
h
e
MW
H
s
tr
ateg
y
i
n
in
cr
ea
s
in
g
FB
D
atten
d
an
c
e
b
y
p
r
eg
n
a
n
t
w
o
m
e
n
.
I
t
i
s
a
r
ea
l
-
ti
m
e
f
o
r
m
ati
v
e
e
v
al
u
atio
n
o
f
o
u
tp
u
t.
E
f
f
ec
t
iv
e
p
r
o
g
r
am
e
v
al
u
atio
n
is
a
s
y
s
te
m
a
tic
m
e
th
o
d
o
f
i
m
p
r
o
v
in
g
a
n
d
ac
co
u
n
tin
g
f
o
r
p
u
b
lic
h
ea
lth
ac
t
io
n
s
b
y
i
n
v
o
l
v
i
n
g
p
r
o
ce
d
u
r
es
th
at
ar
e
u
s
e
f
u
l,
f
ea
s
ib
le,
eth
ical,
a
n
d
ac
cu
r
ate
[
4
2
]
.
T
h
is
r
ev
ie
w
f
o
u
n
d
ev
id
en
ce
t
h
at
MW
Hs
co
u
ld
p
o
ten
tial
l
y
i
m
p
r
o
v
e
ac
ce
s
s
to
i
n
s
ti
tu
t
io
n
a
l
d
eliv
er
y
u
p
tak
e
ex
ce
p
t
f
o
r
o
n
e
b
ef
o
r
e
-
af
ter
s
tu
d
y
f
r
o
m
T
i
m
o
r
-
L
este
w
h
ic
h
d
id
n
o
t
f
i
n
d
a
n
y
s
ig
n
i
f
ica
n
t
d
i
f
f
er
en
ce
in
u
p
tak
e
o
f
FB
D
f
o
llo
w
in
g
t
h
e
es
tab
lis
h
m
e
n
t
o
f
an
MW
H
in
t
w
o
d
is
tr
ict
s
[
3
1
]
.
T
h
e
f
ailu
r
e
o
f
t
h
e
MW
H
s
tr
ateg
y
i
n
t
h
is
s
t
u
d
y
to
in
cr
ea
s
e
FB
D
u
p
tak
e
co
u
ld
b
e
a
r
es
u
lt o
f
t
h
e
lo
w
u
ti
lizatio
n
o
f
t
h
e
MW
Hs th
e
m
s
elv
e
s
d
u
e
to
th
e
s
m
all
ca
p
ac
it
y
a
n
d
lo
w
q
u
alit
y
.
On
l
y
t
w
o
s
tr
u
ct
u
r
es
co
n
s
is
ti
n
g
o
f
j
u
s
t
ei
g
h
t
an
d
f
i
v
e
b
ed
s
ea
ch
w
er
e
a
v
ailab
le
i
n
a
p
o
p
u
latio
n
w
it
h
a
n
n
u
al
e
x
p
ec
ted
b
ir
th
s
o
f
ab
o
u
t
5
,
0
7
0
.
T
h
er
e
w
as
a
ls
o
th
e
ab
s
e
n
ce
o
f
s
p
ac
e
o
r
k
itch
en
f
o
r
f
a
m
il
y
u
s
e;
th
er
ef
o
r
e,
li
m
itin
g
t
h
e
ti
m
e
th
at
f
a
m
il
y
m
e
m
b
er
s
co
u
ld
s
p
en
d
w
it
h
w
o
m
e
n
o
cc
u
p
y
in
g
th
e
f
ac
ilit
ie
s
.
An
o
t
h
er
p
o
s
s
ib
le
co
n
tr
ib
u
ti
n
g
f
ac
t
o
r
co
u
ld
b
e
th
e
lac
k
o
f
co
m
m
u
n
it
y
m
o
b
ilizatio
n
an
d
en
g
a
g
e
m
en
t
b
ef
o
r
e
an
d
d
u
r
in
g
th
e
estab
li
s
h
m
e
n
t
o
f
th
e
f
ac
ilit
ies
w
h
ic
h
as
r
ep
o
r
ted
b
y
o
t
h
er
s
tu
d
ie
s
,
is
v
ital
to
th
e
s
u
cc
es
s
o
f
t
h
ese
f
ac
ilit
ies
[
4
3
]
,
[
4
4
]
.
T
h
er
e
w
a
s
also
a
n
ab
s
e
n
ce
o
f
a
co
n
tr
o
l
g
r
o
u
p
i
n
t
h
is
s
t
u
d
y
f
u
r
t
h
er
li
m
it
in
g
t
h
e
e
v
id
en
ce
.
T
o
k
n
o
w
t
h
e
tr
u
e
i
m
p
ac
t
t
h
at
t
h
ese
s
tr
u
ct
u
r
es
h
a
v
e
o
n
FB
D
u
p
tak
e,
it
w
o
u
ld
b
e
i
m
p
o
r
tan
t
to
u
n
d
er
tak
e
a
co
m
m
u
n
it
y
m
o
b
ilizatio
n
an
d
p
ar
ticip
ato
r
y
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
to
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
t
h
e
e
x
is
t
in
g
b
ar
r
ier
s
w
i
th
i
n
t
h
e
co
m
m
u
n
iti
es
w
h
ic
h
m
i
g
h
t
af
f
ec
t
th
e
s
u
cc
ess
o
f
th
e
p
r
o
g
r
a
m
to
b
e
i
m
p
le
m
en
ted
an
d
o
b
tain
co
m
m
u
n
it
y
p
er
s
p
ec
tiv
e
s
o
n
h
o
w
b
est
to
o
v
er
co
m
e
t
h
ese
b
ar
r
ier
s
.
A
s
r
ep
o
r
ted
b
y
Fo
n
tan
e
t
et
a
l.
[
4
5
]
,
p
er
ce
p
tio
n
o
f
o
w
n
er
s
h
ip
b
y
c
o
m
m
u
n
it
y
m
e
m
b
er
s
w
as
ass
o
ciate
d
w
ith
th
e
ir
u
s
e
o
f
th
e
MW
H
an
d
f
ee
li
n
g
a
s
en
s
e
o
f
r
esp
o
n
s
ib
ilit
y
to
w
ar
d
s
its
s
u
cc
e
s
s
.
T
h
is
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
h
as
b
ee
n
u
s
ed
in
o
t
h
er
s
t
u
d
ies
[
3
9
]
,
[
4
6
]
an
d
is
an
i
m
p
o
r
tan
t
s
tep
th
a
t
w
o
u
ld
g
o
a
lo
n
g
w
a
y
to
w
ar
d
s
en
s
u
r
i
n
g
t
h
e
s
u
cc
es
s
a
n
d
s
u
s
tai
n
ab
ilit
y
o
f
an
y
p
u
b
lic
h
ea
l
th
p
r
o
g
r
am
w
h
ic
h
r
eq
u
ir
es c
o
m
m
u
n
it
y
u
p
tak
e
to
b
e
s
u
cc
e
s
s
f
u
l.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
2
5
2
-
8806
I
n
t.
J
.
P
u
b
lic
Hea
lth
Sci.,
Vo
l.
10
,
No
.
3
,
Sep
tem
b
er
2021
:
529
–
5
3
6
5
34
T
h
e
q
u
alit
y
o
f
MW
Hs
al
s
o
d
eter
m
in
e
s
w
h
et
h
er
w
o
m
e
n
w
o
u
ld
ch
o
o
s
e
to
u
s
e
t
h
e
m
o
r
n
o
t.
T
h
is
r
ev
ie
w
f
o
u
n
d
a
s
ig
n
i
f
ica
n
t
p
o
s
itiv
e
i
m
p
ac
t
o
f
MW
H
a
s
q
u
al
i
t
y
i
m
p
r
o
v
es.
Ho
w
e
v
er
,
t
h
is
f
i
n
d
in
g
w
a
s
p
r
o
v
id
ed
b
y
o
n
e
lo
w
-
q
u
alit
y
e
v
id
en
ce
s
tu
d
y
alo
n
e
[
4
1
]
.
A
s
ec
o
n
d
clu
s
ter
R
C
T
f
o
u
n
d
a
n
i
m
p
r
o
v
e
m
en
t
i
n
FB
D
w
i
th
a
n
u
p
g
r
ad
ed
MW
H
co
m
b
in
ed
w
it
h
co
m
m
u
n
it
y
e
n
g
a
g
e
m
e
n
t
h
o
w
e
v
er
th
i
s
f
i
n
d
in
g
d
id
n
o
t
r
ea
ch
s
tatis
tical
s
ig
n
i
f
ica
n
ce
[
4
0
]
.
A
s
r
ep
o
r
ted
b
y
s
e
v
er
al
s
t
u
d
ies,
s
o
m
e
o
f
t
h
e
f
ac
to
r
s
w
h
ic
h
d
eter
w
o
m
en
f
r
o
m
u
tili
zi
n
g
MW
Hs
in
cl
u
d
e
p
o
o
r
in
f
r
a
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
[
4
7
]
,
[
4
8
]
,
lack
o
f
f
o
o
d
s
u
p
p
lies
[
4
3
]
,
[
4
8
]
,
[
4
9
]
,
u
n
av
a
ilab
ilit
y
o
f
k
itc
h
en
s
o
r
co
o
k
in
g
u
ten
s
il
s
[
5
0
]
,
[
5
1
]
L
ac
k
o
f
p
r
iv
ac
y
[
4
8
]
,
u
n
a
v
ail
ab
ilit
y
o
f
s
p
ac
e
f
o
r
a
f
a
m
il
y
m
e
m
b
er
to
s
ta
y
[
4
4
]
an
d
s
o
o
n
.
T
o
in
cr
ea
s
e
FB
D
u
p
tak
e
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
t
h
e
u
s
e
o
f
t
h
ese
s
tr
u
ct
u
r
es,
it
is
i
m
p
er
at
iv
e
to
m
ak
e
th
e
m
co
m
f
o
r
tab
le
an
d
in
v
it
in
g
f
o
r
w
o
m
e
n
to
b
e
w
i
lli
n
g
to
s
ta
y
i
n
.
3
.
3
.
Str
eng
t
hs
a
nd
li
m
it
a
t
io
ns
T
h
is
s
tu
d
y
a
tte
m
p
ted
to
co
llate
th
e
ev
id
e
n
ce
o
n
t
h
e
i
m
p
ac
t
th
at
r
ec
o
m
m
en
d
ed
te
m
p
o
r
ar
y
lo
d
g
in
g
f
ac
ilit
ies
f
o
r
p
r
eg
n
an
t
w
o
m
e
n
h
a
v
e
o
n
i
n
s
titu
tio
n
al
d
eli
v
er
y
u
p
tak
e.
T
o
o
u
r
k
n
o
w
led
g
e,
th
i
s
is
t
h
e
f
ir
s
t
s
y
s
te
m
a
tic
r
e
v
ie
w
ev
al
u
ati
n
g
th
e
e
f
f
ec
t
iv
e
n
es
s
o
f
MW
H
s
o
n
FB
D
at
ten
d
a
n
ce
.
A
r
tic
le
s
cr
ee
n
in
g
w
as
p
er
f
o
r
m
ed
b
y
in
d
ep
en
d
e
n
t
au
t
h
o
r
s
an
d
ag
r
ee
m
e
n
t
m
ad
e
a
m
o
n
g
au
t
h
o
r
s
o
n
ex
cl
u
s
io
n
an
d
in
clu
s
io
n
.
No
tab
le
li
m
ita
tio
n
s
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
s
tu
d
y
w
er
e
th
e
l
i
m
ited
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
e
v
al
u
atio
n
s
t
u
d
ies
in
to
MW
Hs
w
i
th
j
u
s
t
o
n
e
R
C
T
an
d
as
s
u
c
h
,
o
b
s
er
v
atio
n
al
s
tu
d
ie
s
w
er
e
also
i
n
clu
d
ed
in
t
h
e
r
ev
ie
w
.
On
l
y
o
n
e
s
t
u
d
y
h
ad
a
s
tr
o
n
g
q
u
ali
t
y
o
f
ev
id
en
ce
.
4.
CO
NCLU
SI
O
N
MW
Hs,
m
o
r
e
s
o
g
o
o
d
q
u
alit
y
MW
Hs,
ap
p
ea
r
to
b
e
p
r
o
m
is
i
n
g
i
n
in
cr
ea
s
i
n
g
FB
D
u
p
tak
e
esp
ec
iall
y
f
o
r
p
r
eg
n
an
t
w
o
m
e
n
li
v
in
g
i
n
r
e
m
o
te
ar
ea
s
.
Ho
w
ev
er
,
th
e
ev
id
en
ce
is
s
till
v
er
y
m
u
c
h
lack
in
g
d
u
e
to
t
h
e
li
m
ited
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
av
ai
lab
le
h
ig
h
-
q
u
alit
y
i
n
ter
v
e
n
tio
n
s
t
u
d
ie
s
.
Mo
r
e
R
C
T
s
ar
e
n
ee
d
ed
to
c
lear
l
y
d
e
m
o
n
s
tr
ate
th
e
p
o
ten
tial
o
f
MW
Hs
as
a
s
t
r
ateg
y
to
d
ec
r
ea
s
e
b
ar
r
ier
s
in
ac
ce
s
s
to
s
k
il
led
d
eliv
er
y
ca
r
e
an
d
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
n
ee
d
to
b
e
allo
ca
ted
to
im
p
r
o
v
i
n
g
t
h
e
q
u
alit
y
o
f
t
h
ese
s
tr
u
ct
u
r
es t
o
in
cr
ea
s
e
th
eir
e
f
f
ec
t
iv
e
n
es
s
.
RE
F
E
R
E
NC
E
S
[1
]
Un
ice
f
,
―
M
a
tern
a
l
m
o
rtalit
y
ra
tes
a
n
d
sta
ti
st
ics
-
U
NICEF
DA
TA
,
‖
2
0
1
9
.
[
O
n
l
in
e
].
A
v
a
il
a
b
le:
h
tt
p
s:/
/d
a
ta.u
n
ice
f
.
o
rg
/t
o
p
ic/m
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ter
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l
-
h
e
a
lt
h
/m
a
tern
a
l
-
m
o
rtalit
y
/
[2
]
W
o
rld
He
a
lt
h
Org
a
n
iza
ti
o
n
,
―
M
a
ter
n
a
l
m
o
rtalit
y
,
‖
2
0
1
9
.
[
On
li
n
e
]
.
[
A
v
a
il
a
b
le:
h
tt
p
s:/
/www
.
w
h
o
.
in
t/
n
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s
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/f
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c
t
-
sh
e
e
ts/d
e
tail/
m
a
tern
a
l
-
m
o
rtalit
y
[3
]
A
.
S
.
N
y
a
m
t
e
m
a
,
D.
P
.
Ura
ss
a
,
a
n
d
J.
v
a
n
Ro
o
sm
a
len
,
―
M
a
t
e
rn
a
l
h
e
a
lt
h
in
terv
e
n
ti
o
n
s
in
re
so
u
rc
e
li
m
it
e
d
c
o
u
n
tri
e
s
:
A
s
y
ste
m
a
ti
c
re
v
ie
w
o
f
p
a
c
k
a
g
e
s
,
im
p
a
c
ts
a
n
d
f
a
c
to
rs
f
o
r
c
h
a
n
g
e
,
‖
BM
C
Pre
g
n
a
n
c
y
Ch
il
d
b
irt
h
,
v
o
l.
1
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o
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1
,
p
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3
0
,
2
0
1
1
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o
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0
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1
1
8
6
/1
4
7
1
-
2
3
9
3
-
11
-
3
0
.
[4
]
D.
Ch
o
u
,
B.
Da
e
lm
a
n
s,
R.
R.
J
o
li
v
e
t,
M
.
Ki
n
n
e
y
,
a
n
d
L
.
S
a
y
,
―
En
d
in
g
p
re
v
e
n
tab
le
m
a
tern
a
l
a
n
d
n
e
w
b
o
rn
m
o
rtalit
y
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n
d
stil
l
b
irt
h
s
,
‖
BM
J
,
v
o
l.
3
5
1
,
p
p
.
1
9
-
2
2
,
2
0
1
5
,
d
o
i:
1
0
.
1
1
3
6
/
b
m
j.
h
4
2
5
5
.
[5
]
W
o
rld
He
a
lt
h
Org
a
n
iza
ti
o
n
,
Res
e
a
rc
h
o
n
re
p
ro
d
u
c
ti
v
e
h
e
a
l
th
a
t
W
HO
:
b
ien
n
i
a
l
re
p
o
rt
2
0
0
0
-
2
0
0
1
.
G
e
n
e
v
a
:
W
o
rld
He
a
lt
h
Org
a
n
iza
ti
o
n
,
2
0
0
2
.
[6
]
J.
R.
L
o
ri,
A
.
C.
W
a
d
sw
o
rth
,
M
.
L
.
M
u
n
r
o
,
a
n
d
S
.
R
o
m
in
sk
i,
―
P
r
o
m
o
ti
n
g
A
c
c
e
ss
:
T
h
e
Us
e
o
f
M
a
tern
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y
Waiti
n
g
Ho
m
e
s
to
A
c
h
iev
e
S
a
f
e
M
o
th
e
rh
o
o
d
,
‖
M
id
wif
e
ry
,
v
o
l.
2
9
,
n
o
.
1
0
,
p
p
.
1
0
9
5
-
1
1
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2
0
1
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:
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/
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m
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w
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2
0
1
3
.
0
7
.
0
2
0
.
P
ro
m
o
ti
n
g
.
[7
]
O.
M
.
R.
Ca
m
p
b
e
ll
a
n
d
W
.
J.
G
r
a
h
a
m
,
―
S
trate
g
ies
f
o
r
re
d
u
c
in
g
m
a
tern
a
l
m
o
rtalit
y
:
g
e
tt
in
g
o
n
w
it
h
w
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a
t
w
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rk
s,‖
L
a
n
c
e
t
,
v
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l.
3
6
8
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n
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9
5
4
3
,
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p
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1
2
8
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9
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2
0
0
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1
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0
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4
0
-
6
7
3
6
(
0
6
)
6
9
3
8
1
-
1.
[8
]
T
u
n
ç
a
lp
e
t
a
l.
,
―
W
HO
re
c
o
m
m
e
n
d
a
ti
o
n
s
o
n
a
n
ten
a
tal
c
a
re
f
o
r
a
p
o
si
ti
v
e
p
re
g
n
a
n
c
y
e
x
p
e
rien
c
e
—
g
o
in
g
b
e
y
o
n
d
su
rv
iv
a
l,
‖
BJO
G A
n
In
t.
J
.
Ob
ste
t
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Gy
n
a
e
c
o
l.
,
v
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l.
1
2
4
,
n
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,
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1
/
1
4
7
1
-
0
5
2
8
.
1
4
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9
9
.
[9
]
K.
O
y
e
rin
d
e
,
―
Ca
n
A
n
ten
a
tal
Ca
r
e
Re
su
lt
in
S
ig
n
if
ica
n
t
M
a
tern
a
l
M
o
rtalit
y
Re
d
u
c
ti
o
n
i
n
De
v
e
lo
p
i
n
g
Co
u
n
tri
e
s?
,
‖
J
.
Co
mm
u
n
i
ty M
e
d
.
He
a
lt
h
E
d
u
c
.
,
v
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l.
0
3
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0
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3
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1
0
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4
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6
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7
1
1
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1
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0
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[1
0
]
N.
Ro
o
s
a
n
d
S
.
R
.
v
o
n
X
y
lan
d
e
r,
―
W
h
y
d
o
m
a
tern
a
l
a
n
d
n
e
w
b
o
rn
d
e
a
th
s
c
o
n
ti
n
u
e
t
o
o
c
c
u
r?
,
‖
Be
st
Pra
c
ti
c
e
a
n
d
Res
e
a
rc
h
:
Cli
n
ic
a
l
Ob
ste
trics
a
n
d
Gy
n
a
e
c
o
l
o
g
y
,
v
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l.
3
6
.
Ba
il
li
e
re
T
in
d
a
ll
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td
,
p
p
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3
0
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4
4
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0
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d
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0
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1
0
1
6
/
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b
p
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b
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.
2
0
1
6
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0
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.
0
0
2
.
[1
1
]
S
.
S
c
o
t
t
a
n
d
C.
Ro
n
sm
a
n
s,
―
T
h
e
re
latio
n
sh
ip
b
e
tw
e
e
n
b
irt
h
w
it
h
a
h
e
a
lt
h
p
r
o
f
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ss
io
n
a
l
a
n
d
m
a
tern
a
l
m
o
rtalit
y
in
o
b
se
rv
a
ti
o
n
a
l
st
u
d
ies
:
a
re
v
iew
o
f
th
e
li
tera
tu
re
,
‖
T
r
o
p
.
M
e
d
.
In
t
.
H
e
a
l.
,
v
o
l.
1
4
,
n
o
.
1
2
,
p
p
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1
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3
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0
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1
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2
0
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x
.
[1
2
]
T
.
A
.
Ba
e
q
u
n
i,
―
S
k
il
led
V
e
rsu
s
Un
sk
il
led
A
ss
istan
c
e
in
Ho
m
e
De
li
v
e
r
y
:
M
a
tern
a
l
Co
m
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
s,
S
ti
ll
b
irt
h
a
n
d
Ne
o
n
a
tal
De
a
th
in
In
d
o
n
e
sia
,
‖
J
.
Nu
rs
.
Ca
re
,
v
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l.
0
3
,
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o
.
0
5
,
2
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1
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,
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1
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.
[1
3
]
W
o
rld
He
a
lt
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Org
a
n
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ti
o
n
,
M
a
k
in
g
p
re
g
n
a
n
c
y
sa
fer
:
th
e
c
riti
c
a
l
ro
le
o
f
sk
il
led
a
tt
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n
d
a
n
t.
J
o
i
n
t
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tem
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W
HO
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ICM
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d
FIGO.
G
e
n
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v
a
:
W
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Org
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n
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ti
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n
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2
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[1
4
]
M
.
G
.
Ne
g
e
ro
,
Y.
B.
M
i
ti
k
e
,
A
.
G
.
W
o
rk
u
,
a
n
d
T
.
L
.
A
b
o
ta,
―
S
k
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led
d
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l
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e
ry
se
r
v
ice
u
ti
li
z
a
ti
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d
it
s
a
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c
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it
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sta
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sh
m
e
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f
W
o
m
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‘s
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a
lt
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De
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t
A
r
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y
in
Ye
k
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d
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W
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Et
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:
A
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sis,‖
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Res
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No
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[1
5
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S
.
G
a
b
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s
c
h
,
S
.
Co
u
se
n
s,
J.
Co
x
,
a
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d
O.
M
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R.
Ca
m
p
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ll
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―
T
h
e
In
f
lu
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c
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o
f
Dista
n
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d
Le
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Ca
re
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n
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
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2
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E
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6
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J.
Niy
it
e
g
e
k
a
e
t
a
l.
,
―
L
o
n
g
e
r
trav
e
l
ti
m
e
to
d
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c
t
h
o
s
p
it
a
l
w
o
rse
n
s
n
e
o
n
a
tal
o
u
tc
o
m
e
s :
a
re
tro
sp
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c
ti
v
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c
ro
ss
-
se
c
ti
o
n
a
l
stu
d
y
o
f
th
e
e
ff
e
c
t
o
f
d
e
lay
s
in
re
c
e
i
v
in
g
e
m
e
rg
e
n
c
y
c
e
sa
re
a
n
se
c
ti
o
n
in
Rw
a
n
d
a
,
‖
B
M
C
Pre
g
n
a
n
c
y
Ch
il
d
b
irth
,
v
o
l.
1
7
,
n
o
.
1
,
p
p
.
1
-
1
0
,
2
0
1
7
,
d
o
i:
1
0
.
1
1
8
6
/s
1
2
8
8
4
-
0
1
7
-
1
4
2
6
-
1.
[1
7
]
R.
Ne
w
e
ll
,
I.
S
p
il
lm
a
n
,
a
n
d
M
.
L
.
Ne
w
e
ll
,
―
T
h
e
u
se
o
f
f
a
c
il
it
ies
f
o
r
lab
o
r
a
n
d
d
e
li
v
e
ry
:
T
h
e
v
ie
w
s
o
f
w
o
m
e
n
in
ru
ra
l
Ug
a
n
d
a
,
‖
J
.
Pu
b
li
c
He
a
l
th
A
frica
,
v
o
l.
8
,
n
o
.
1
,
p
p
.
8
9
-
9
7
,
2
0
1
7
,
d
o
i:
1
0
.
4
0
8
1
/
j
p
h
ia.
2
0
1
7
.
5
9
2
.
[1
8
]
M
.
A
.
Bo
h
re
n
,
E.
C.
Hu
n
ter,
H.
M
.
M
u
n
th
e
-
Ka
a
s,
J.
P
.
S
o
u
z
a
,
J.
P
.
Vo
g
e
l,
a
n
d
A
.
M
.
G
ü
l
m
e
z
o
g
lu
,
―
F
a
c
il
it
a
to
rs an
d
b
a
rriers
to
f
a
c
il
it
y
-
b
a
se
d
d
e
li
v
e
r
y
in
lo
w
-
a
n
d
m
id
d
le
-
in
c
o
m
e
c
o
u
n
tri
e
s:
A
q
u
a
li
tativ
e
e
v
id
e
n
c
e
s
y
n
t
h
e
sis,‖
Rep
ro
d
.
He
a
lt
h
,
v
o
l.
1
1
,
n
o
.
1
,
p
p
.
1
-
1
7
,
2
0
1
4
,
d
o
i:
1
0
.
1
1
8
6
/1
7
4
2
-
4
7
5
5
-
11
-
71.
[1
9
]
A
.
Ja
m
m
e
h
,
J.
S
u
n
d
b
y
,
a
n
d
S
.
V
a
n
g
e
n
,
―
Ba
rriers
to
Em
e
r
g
e
n
c
y
Ob
ste
tri
c
Ca
re
S
e
rv
ic
e
s in
P
e
rin
a
tal
De
a
th
s in
Ru
ra
l
G
a
m
b
ia:
A
Qu
a
li
tativ
e
In
-
De
p
th
In
terv
iew
S
tu
d
y
,
‖
In
t.
S
c
h
.
Res
.
Ne
tw.
,
v
o
l
.
2
0
1
1
,
p
p
.
1
-
1
0
,
2
0
1
1
,
d
o
i:
1
0
.
5
4
0
2
/
2
0
1
1
/9
8
1
0
9
6
.
[2
0
]
A
.
Hig
g
in
s
-
S
tee
le
e
t
a
l.
,
―
Ba
rriers
a
ss
o
c
iate
d
w
it
h
c
a
re
-
s
e
e
k
in
g
fo
r
in
sti
tu
ti
o
n
a
l
d
e
li
v
e
ry
a
m
o
n
g
r
u
ra
l
w
o
m
e
n
in
th
re
e
p
ro
v
in
c
e
s
in
A
f
g
h
a
n
istan
,
‖
BM
C
Pre
g
n
a
n
c
y
Ch
il
d
b
irth
,
v
o
l.
1
8
,
n
o
.
1
,
p
p
.
1
-
9
,
2
0
1
8
,
d
o
i:
1
0
.
1
1
8
6
/s1
2
8
8
4
-
018
-
1
8
9
0
-
2.
[2
1
]
R.
P
.
P
S
o
m
a
-
P
il
lay
,
―
Ba
rriers
to
o
b
ste
tri
c
c
a
re
a
m
o
n
g
m
a
tern
a
l
n
e
a
r
-
m
isse
s,‖
S
o
u
th
A
frica
n
M
e
d
.
J
.
,
v
o
l.
1
0
6
,
n
o
.
1
1
,
p
p
.
1
1
1
0
-
1
1
1
3
,
2
0
1
6
,
d
o
i:
1
0
.
7
1
9
6
/S
A
M
J.2
0
1
6
.
v
1
0
6
i
1
1
.
1
0
7
2
6
.
[2
2
]
A
.
A
u
stin
e
t
a
l.
,
―
Ba
rriers
to
p
r
o
v
id
in
g
q
u
a
li
ty
e
m
e
rg
e
n
c
y
o
b
ste
tri
c
c
a
re
in
A
d
d
is
A
b
a
b
a
,
Et
h
io
p
ia :
He
a
lt
h
c
a
re
p
ro
v
id
e
rs‘
p
e
rsp
e
c
ti
v
e
s
o
n
trai
n
in
g
,
re
f
e
rra
ls
a
n
d
su
p
e
rv
isio
n
,
a
m
ix
e
d
m
e
th
o
d
s
stu
d
y
,
‖
BM
C
Pre
g
n
a
n
c
y
Ch
il
d
b
irth
,
v
o
l.
1
5
,
n
o
.
1
,
p
p
.
1
-
1
0
,
2
0
1
5
,
d
o
i:
1
0
.
1
1
8
6
/s
1
2
8
8
4
-
0
1
5
-
0
4
9
3
-
4
.
[2
3
]
M
.
Ra
y
m
o
n
d
v
il
le
e
t
a
l.
,
―
Ba
rriers
a
n
d
f
a
c
il
it
a
to
rs
in
f
lu
e
n
c
in
g
f
a
c
il
it
y
-
b
a
se
d
c
h
il
d
b
ir
th
in
r
u
ra
l
Ha
it
i:
A
m
ix
e
d
m
e
th
o
d
stu
d
y
w
it
h
a
c
o
n
v
e
rg
e
n
t
d
e
sig
n
,
‖
BM
J
Glo
b
.
He
a
l.
,
v
o
l.
5
,
n
o
.
8
,
p
p
.
1
-
1
0
,
2
0
2
0
,
d
o
i:
1
0
.
1
1
3
6
/
b
m
jg
h
-
2020
-
0
0
2
5
2
6
.
[2
4
]
M
.
Bo
a
h
e
t
a
l.
,
―
‗I
c
o
u
ld
n
‘t
b
u
y
th
e
it
e
m
s
so
I
d
id
n
‘t
g
o
to
d
e
li
v
e
r
a
t
th
e
h
e
a
lt
h
f
a
c
il
it
y
‘
Ho
m
e
d
e
li
v
e
r
y
a
m
o
n
g
ru
ra
l
w
o
m
e
n
in
n
o
rt
h
e
rn
G
h
a
n
a
:
A
m
i
x
e
d
-
m
e
th
o
d
a
n
a
ly
sis,‖
PL
o
S
On
e
,
v
o
l
.
1
5
,
n
o
.
3
,
p
p
.
1
-
1
7
,
2
0
2
0
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
3
7
1
/
jo
u
rn
a
l.
p
o
n
e
.
0
2
3
0
3
4
1
.
[2
5
]
K.
L
.
M
.
W
o
n
g
,
L
.
B
e
n
o
v
a
,
a
n
d
O.
M
.
R.
Ca
m
p
b
e
ll
,
―
A
lo
o
k
b
a
c
k
o
n
h
o
w
fa
r
to
wa
lk
:
S
y
st
e
m
a
ti
c
re
v
ie
w
a
n
d
m
e
ta
-
a
n
a
l
y
sis
o
f
p
h
y
sic
a
l
a
c
c
e
ss
t
o
sk
il
led
c
a
re
f
o
r
c
h
il
d
b
ir
th
i
n
S
u
b
-
S
a
h
a
ra
n
A
f
ric
a
,
‖
PL
o
S
On
e
,
v
o
l.
1
2
,
n
o
.
9
,
p
p
.
1
-
2
0
,
2
0
1
7
.
[2
6
]
W
o
rld
He
a
lt
h
Org
a
n
iza
ti
o
n
,
W
HO
re
c
o
mm
e
n
d
a
ti
o
n
s
o
n
h
e
a
lt
h
p
r
o
mo
ti
o
n
i
n
ter
v
e
n
ti
o
n
s
fo
r
ma
ter
n
a
l
a
n
d
n
e
wb
o
rn
h
e
a
lt
h
.
G
e
n
e
v
a
:
W
o
rld
He
a
lt
h
Org
a
n
iza
ti
o
n
,
2
0
1
5
.
[2
7
]
W
o
rld
He
a
lt
h
Org
a
n
iza
ti
o
n
,
M
a
ter
n
it
y
wa
it
i
n
g
h
o
me
s:
A
re
v
iew
o
f
e
x
p
e
rie
n
c
e
s
.
Ge
n
e
v
a
:
W
o
rld
He
a
lt
h
Org
a
n
iza
ti
o
n
,
1
9
9
6
.
[2
8
]
B.
B
.
Be
k
e
le,
T
.
L
.
Da
d
i,
a
n
d
T
.
T
e
s
fa
y
e
,
―
T
h
e
sig
n
i
f
ica
n
t
a
ss
o
c
iat
io
n
b
e
tw
e
e
n
m
a
tern
it
y
w
a
it
in
g
h
o
m
e
s
u
ti
li
z
a
ti
o
n
a
n
d
p
e
rin
a
tal
m
o
rtalit
y
in
Af
rica
:
s
y
ste
m
a
ti
c
r
e
v
ie
w
a
n
d
m
e
ta
‑
a
n
a
l
y
sis,‖
B
M
C
He
a
l.
S
e
rv
.
Re
s.
,
v
o
l.
1
8
,
n
o
.
1
,
p
p
.
1
-
1
0
,
2
0
1
9
,
d
o
i:
1
0
.
1
1
8
6
/s
1
3
1
0
4
-
019
-
4
0
5
6
-
z.
[2
9
]
T
.
L
.
Da
d
i,
B.
Be
g
a
sh
a
w Be
k
e
le,
H.
K.
Ka
s
a
y
e
,
a
n
d
T
.
Ni
g
u
ss
ie,
―
Ro
le o
f
m
a
tern
it
y
w
a
it
in
g
h
o
m
e
s
in
th
e
re
d
u
c
ti
o
n
o
f
m
a
tern
a
l
d
e
a
th
a
n
d
stil
l
b
irt
h
in
d
e
v
e
lo
p
in
g
c
o
u
n
tri
e
s
a
n
d
it
s
c
o
n
tri
b
u
ti
o
n
f
o
r
m
a
tern
a
l
d
e
a
th
re
d
u
c
ti
o
n
in
Et
h
io
p
ia:
a
sy
ste
m
a
ti
c
re
v
ie
w
a
n
d
m
e
ta
-
a
n
a
l
y
sis,
‖
BM
C
H
e
a
lt
h
S
e
rv
.
Res
.
,
v
o
l.
1
8
,
n
o
.
1
,
p
p
.
1
-
1
0
,
2
0
1
8
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
1
8
6
/s
1
2
9
1
3
-
0
1
8
-
3
5
5
9
-
y.
[3
0
]
J.
E.
P
e
r
o
sk
y
,
M
.
L
.
M
u
n
ro
-
Kra
m
e
r,
N.
L
o
c
k
h
a
rt,
G
.
K.
M
u
so
n
d
a
,
A
.
Na
g
g
a
y
i,
a
n
d
J.
R.
L
o
ri,
―
M
a
tern
it
y
wa
it
in
g
h
o
m
e
s
a
s
a
n
in
t
e
rv
e
n
ti
o
n
to
in
c
re
a
se
f
a
c
il
it
y
d
e
li
v
e
r
y
in
ru
ra
l
Za
m
b
ia,‖
In
t.
J
.
Gy
n
e
c
o
l.
Ob
ste
t.
,
v
o
l.
1
4
6
,
n
o
.
2
,
p
p
.
266
-
2
6
7
,
2
0
1
9
,
d
o
i:
1
0
.
1
0
0
2
/i
jg
o
.
1
2
8
6
4
.
[3
1
]
K.
W
il
d
,
L
.
Ba
rc
la
y
,
P
.
Ke
ll
y
,
a
n
d
N.
M
a
rti
n
s,
―
T
h
e
ty
r
a
n
n
y
o
f
d
istan
c
e
:
M
a
tern
it
y
w
a
it
in
g
h
o
m
e
s
a
n
d
a
c
c
e
s
s
to
b
irt
h
i
n
g
f
a
c
il
it
ies
in
ru
ra
l
T
i
m
o
r
-
L
e
ste
,
‖
Bu
ll
.
W
o
rld
He
a
lt
h
O
rg
a
n
.
,
v
o
l.
9
0
,
n
o
.
2
,
p
p
.
9
7
-
1
0
3
,
2
0
1
2
,
d
o
i:
1
0
.
2
4
7
1
/BL
T
.
1
1
.
0
8
8
9
5
5
.
[3
2
]
A
.
L
ib
e
ra
ti
e
t
a
l.
,
―
T
h
e
P
RI
S
M
A
sta
t
e
m
e
n
t
f
o
r
re
p
o
rti
n
g
sy
ste
m
a
ti
c
re
v
ie
ws
a
n
d
m
e
ta
-
a
n
a
l
y
s
e
s
o
f
stu
d
ies
th
a
t
e
v
a
lu
a
te
h
e
a
lt
h
c
a
re
in
terv
e
n
ti
o
n
s:
Ex
p
lan
a
ti
o
n
a
n
d
e
lab
o
ra
ti
o
n
,
‖
J
.
Cli
n
.
E
p
id
e
mio
l.
,
v
o
l.
6
2
,
n
o
.
1
0
,
p
p
.
e
1
–
e
3
4
,
2
0
0
9
,
d
o
i:
1
0
.
1
3
7
1
/
jo
u
rn
a
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K.
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5
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R.
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―
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Re
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J.
R.
L
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‖
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Pre
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.
[3
9
]
J.
R.
L
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ri
e
t
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,
―
M
a
ter
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it
y
w
a
it
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d
trad
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m
id
w
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s
in
ru
ra
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L
ib
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ria,‖
In
t
J
Gy
n
a
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l
Ob
s.
,
v
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l
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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N
:
2
2
5
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-
8806
I
n
t.
J
.
P
u
b
lic
Hea
lth
Sci.,
Vo
l.
10
,
No
.
3
,
Sep
tem
b
er
2021
:
529
–
5
3
6
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J.
Ku
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,
―
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f
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m
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E.
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,
―
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2
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CDC,
―
F
ra
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fo
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P
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Ev
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2
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[
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li
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]
.
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[4
3
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D.
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C.
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