I
nte
rna
t
io
na
l J
o
urna
l o
f
P
u
bli
c
H
ea
lt
h Science
(
I
J
P
H
S)
Vo
l.
1
3
,
No
.
4
,
Dec
em
b
er
20
24
,
p
p
.
1
9
38
~
1
94
5
I
SS
N:
2
2
5
2
-
8
8
0
6
,
DOI
: 1
0
.
1
1
5
9
1
/ijp
h
s
.
v
1
3
i
4
.
2
4
3
0
4
1938
J
o
ur
na
l ho
m
ep
a
g
e
:
h
ttp
:
//
ijp
h
s
.
ia
esco
r
e.
co
m
Co
mpo
nents of
b
a
sic fee
ding
r
ule
f
o
r inf
a
nts ag
ed 6
-
2
4
mo
nths:
a
sco
ping
review
F
it
ri
H
a
ry
a
nti
1
,
F
i
t
ria
na
Anda
rwa
t
i
2
,
H
a
ni Ris
na
wa
t
i
2
,
L
ely
L
u
s
m
ila
s
a
ri
1
,
Sri H
a
rt
ini
1
1
D
e
p
a
r
t
me
n
t
o
f
P
e
d
i
a
t
r
i
c
a
n
d
M
a
t
e
r
n
i
t
y
N
u
r
si
n
g
,
F
a
c
u
l
t
y
o
f
M
e
d
i
c
i
n
e
,
P
u
b
l
i
c
H
e
a
l
t
h
,
a
n
d
N
u
r
s
i
n
g
,
U
n
i
v
e
r
si
t
a
s G
a
d
j
a
h
M
a
d
a
,
Y
o
g
y
a
k
a
r
t
a
,
I
n
d
o
n
e
si
a
2
M
a
s
t
e
r
i
n
N
u
r
s
i
n
g
S
t
u
d
y
P
r
o
g
r
a
m
,
F
a
c
u
l
t
y
o
f
M
e
d
i
c
i
n
e
,
P
u
b
l
i
c
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e
a
l
t
h
,
a
n
d
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r
si
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g
,
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n
i
v
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si
t
a
s G
a
d
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h
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a
d
a
,
Y
o
g
y
a
k
a
r
t
a
,
I
n
d
o
n
e
si
a
Art
icle
I
nfo
AB
S
T
RAC
T
A
r
ticle
his
to
r
y:
R
ec
eiv
ed
Dec
6
,
2
0
2
3
R
ev
is
ed
Ap
r
6
,
2
0
2
4
Acc
ep
ted
Ap
r
2
4
,
2
0
2
4
In
tro
d
u
c
i
n
g
c
o
m
p
lem
e
n
tary
fo
o
d
s
a
t
six
m
o
n
th
s
h
e
lp
s
su
p
p
lem
e
n
t
n
u
tri
e
n
t
s
a
n
d
a
d
d
re
ss
p
o
ten
ti
a
l
e
a
ti
n
g
c
h
a
ll
e
n
g
e
s
in
in
fa
n
ts
.
Ch
il
d
h
o
o
d
e
a
ti
n
g
d
iffi
c
u
lt
ies
c
a
n
c
o
n
tri
b
u
te
to
g
ro
wth
issu
e
s.
Th
is
sc
o
p
i
n
g
re
v
iew
a
ime
d
to
id
e
n
ti
f
y
th
e
c
o
m
p
o
n
e
n
ts
o
f
fe
e
d
i
n
g
ru
les
fo
r
in
fa
n
ts
a
g
e
d
6
-
2
4
m
o
n
th
s.
A
sy
ste
m
a
ti
c
se
a
r
c
h
o
f
th
re
e
e
lec
tro
n
ic
d
a
tab
a
se
s
y
ield
e
d
5
,
1
7
4
a
b
str
a
c
ts,
with
1
8
c
o
m
p
lete
a
rti
c
les
a
ss
e
s
se
d
fo
r
e
li
g
ib
i
li
ty
.
Afte
r
e
li
m
in
a
ti
n
g
8
a
rti
c
les
,
1
0
m
e
t
th
e
c
rit
e
ria.
Th
e
fe
e
d
in
g
ru
les
c
o
m
p
rise
th
re
e
m
a
in
c
o
m
p
o
n
e
n
ts:
sc
h
e
d
u
le,
e
n
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
t
,
a
n
d
p
ro
c
e
d
u
re
.
Ad
h
e
rin
g
t
o
th
e
se
b
a
sic
ru
les
c
a
n
e
n
h
a
n
c
e
a
c
h
il
d
'
s
g
ro
wt
h
ra
te
a
n
d
re
d
u
c
e
t
h
e
ris
k
o
f
fa
il
u
re
to
t
h
ri
v
e
.
Re
sp
o
n
siv
e
fe
e
d
in
g
is
c
l
o
se
ly
li
n
k
e
d
to
th
e
se
ru
les
,
c
a
teg
o
rize
d
b
a
se
d
o
n
fe
e
d
in
g
sc
h
e
d
u
le,
p
ro
c
e
d
u
re
s,
a
n
d
e
n
v
iro
n
m
e
n
t.
He
n
c
e
,
it
is
c
ru
c
ial
fo
r
h
e
a
lt
h
c
a
re
p
ro
fe
ss
io
n
a
ls
to
p
ro
v
id
e
c
o
u
n
se
li
n
g
o
n
t
h
e
fu
n
d
a
m
e
n
tal
p
rin
c
i
p
les
o
f
c
o
m
p
lem
e
n
tary
fe
e
d
in
g
.
K
ey
w
o
r
d
s
:
B
asic f
ee
d
in
g
r
u
les
C
o
m
m
u
n
ity
h
ea
lth
C
o
m
p
lem
en
tar
y
f
ee
d
in
g
I
n
f
an
ts
Mo
th
er
s
T
h
is i
s
a
n
o
p
e
n
a
c
c
e
ss
a
rticle
u
n
d
e
r th
e
CC B
Y
-
SA
li
c
e
n
se
.
C
o
r
r
e
s
p
o
nd
ing
A
uth
o
r
:
Fit
r
i H
ar
y
an
ti
Dep
ar
tm
en
t o
f
Ped
iatr
ic
an
d
Ma
ter
n
ity
Nu
r
s
in
g
,
Facu
lty
o
f
Me
d
icin
e,
Pu
b
lic
Hea
lth
,
an
d
Nu
r
s
in
g
,
Un
iv
er
s
itas
Gad
jah
Ma
d
a
Far
m
ak
o
Sek
ip
No
r
th
R
o
ad
,
Y
o
g
y
ak
a
r
ta
-
5
5
2
8
1
,
I
n
d
o
n
esia
E
m
ail: f
itrih
ar
y
an
ti@
u
g
m
.
ac
.
i
d
1.
I
NT
RO
D
UCT
I
O
N
On
e
o
f
th
e
s
u
s
tain
ab
le
d
ev
el
o
p
m
en
t
g
o
als
(
SDG
)
aim
b
y
2
0
3
0
is
to
en
d
h
u
n
g
e
r
,
ac
h
iev
e
f
o
o
d
s
ec
u
r
ity
an
d
n
u
tr
itio
n
th
at
b
etter
s
u
p
p
o
r
ts
s
u
s
tain
ab
le
ag
r
ic
u
ltu
r
e
[
1
]
,
[
2
]
.
C
h
ild
r
en
wh
o
ar
e
g
iv
en
g
o
o
d
f
o
o
d
d
u
r
in
g
p
er
io
d
s
o
f
f
o
o
d
o
th
er
th
an
b
r
ea
s
t
m
ilk
,
n
am
ely
f
o
r
ag
es
6
-
2
4
m
o
n
th
s
,
will
g
r
o
w
in
to
ch
ild
r
en
with
o
p
tim
al
g
r
o
wth
an
d
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
[
3
]
–
[
6
]
.
T
h
e
c
o
m
p
lem
en
ta
r
y
f
o
o
d
is
g
iv
en
to
b
ab
ies
wh
o
ar
e
s
ix
m
o
n
th
s
o
r
1
8
0
d
a
y
s
o
ld
.
T
h
e
p
u
r
p
o
s
e
o
f
co
m
p
lem
en
tar
y
f
o
o
d
is
to
in
tr
o
d
u
ce
n
ew
f
o
o
d
s
to
b
ab
ies
o
th
er
th
an
b
r
ea
s
t
m
ilk
.
An
o
th
er
aim
o
f
g
iv
in
g
c
o
m
p
l
em
en
tar
y
f
o
o
d
is
to
in
cr
ea
s
e
en
er
g
y
a
n
d
ess
en
tial
n
u
tr
ien
ts
wh
ich
d
ec
r
ea
s
e
in
b
r
ea
s
t m
ilk
[
7
]
,
[
8
]
.
Dif
f
icu
lty
ea
tin
g
is
a
p
r
o
b
le
m
in
c
h
ild
r
en
th
at
n
ee
d
s
to
b
e
p
aid
atten
tio
n
to
b
y
b
o
th
p
ar
en
ts
an
d
h
ea
lth
p
r
ac
titi
o
n
er
s
,
b
ec
au
s
e
d
if
f
icu
lty
ea
tin
g
in
ch
ild
r
en
h
as
a
d
etr
im
en
tal
ef
f
ec
t
o
n
th
e
ch
ild
'
s
n
ex
t
s
tag
e
o
f
g
r
o
wth
a
n
d
d
e
v
elo
p
m
e
n
t.
D
is
ad
v
an
tag
es
ca
n
in
clu
d
e
w
eig
h
t
g
ain
o
r
in
a
p
p
r
o
p
r
iate
h
eig
h
t,
n
u
tr
itio
n
al
d
ef
icien
cies
an
d
r
ed
u
ce
d
n
u
tr
itio
n
al
in
tak
e
in
ch
ild
r
e
n
wh
ich
ca
n
lea
d
to
f
o
o
d
d
ef
icien
cies
[
9
]
–
[
1
2
]
.
Dif
f
icu
lty
ea
tin
g
in
ch
ild
r
en
is
o
f
ten
ass
o
ciate
d
with
f
ailu
r
e
t
o
th
r
iv
e
in
c
h
ild
r
en
.
Failu
r
e
to
g
r
o
w
is
g
en
er
ally
ca
u
s
ed
b
y
o
r
g
an
ic
a
n
d
n
o
n
-
o
r
g
an
ic
f
ac
to
r
s
.
Or
g
an
ic
f
ac
t
o
r
s
in
clu
d
e
ab
n
o
r
m
alities
in
an
ato
m
ical
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e,
d
ig
esti
v
e
s
y
s
tem
,
m
etab
o
lic
d
is
o
r
d
er
s
,
m
ec
h
an
ical
o
b
s
tr
u
ctio
n
,
cr
an
ial
n
er
v
e
d
a
m
ag
e,
f
o
o
d
aller
g
ies
an
d
d
y
s
p
h
ag
ia.
No
n
-
o
r
g
an
ic
f
ac
t
o
r
s
in
clu
d
e
p
s
y
ch
o
s
o
cial
f
ac
to
r
s
,
p
ar
en
ts
'
in
ab
ilit
y
to
p
r
o
v
id
e
ad
eq
u
ate
f
o
o
d
in
tak
e,
as we
ll a
s
ig
n
o
r
an
ce
/m
is
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
ab
o
u
t f
ee
d
in
g
[
1
3
]
,
[
1
4
]
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J Pu
b
lic
Hea
lth
Sci
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8
8
0
6
C
o
mp
o
n
en
ts
o
f b
a
s
ic
feed
in
g
r
u
le
fo
r
in
fa
n
ts
a
g
ed
6
-
2
4
mo
n
th
s
:
a
s
co
p
in
g
r
ev
iew
(
F
itr
i H
a
r
ya
n
ti)
1939
Mo
th
er
s
p
lay
an
im
p
o
r
ta
n
t
r
o
l
e
in
th
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
o
f
f
o
r
m
in
g
c
h
ild
r
en
'
s
ea
tin
g
p
atter
n
s
.
Diet
is
th
e
m
o
s
t
im
p
o
r
tan
t
b
e
h
av
io
r
t
h
at
in
f
lu
e
n
ce
s
n
u
tr
itio
n
al
co
n
d
itio
n
s
.
M
o
th
er
s
m
u
s
t
h
av
e
th
e
b
asic
ab
ilit
y
to
p
r
ep
ar
e
th
e
q
u
ality
an
d
q
u
a
n
tity
o
f
f
o
o
d
an
d
d
r
in
k
s
th
e
y
co
n
s
u
m
e
t
o
war
d
s
co
n
s
u
m
i
n
g
b
ala
n
ce
d
n
u
tr
itio
n
f
o
r
th
eir
ch
ild
r
en
[
1
5
]
–
[
1
9
]
.
I
n
g
e
n
er
al,
n
u
tr
itio
n
al
p
r
o
b
lem
s
in
ch
ild
r
en
ar
e
th
e
im
p
ac
t o
f
a
n
im
b
ala
n
ce
b
etwe
en
in
tak
e
an
d
o
u
tp
u
t
o
f
n
u
tr
ien
ts
(
n
u
tr
it
io
n
al
im
b
alan
ce
)
in
th
e
f
o
r
m
o
f
ch
r
o
n
ic
d
is
ea
s
es,
ex
ce
s
s
b
o
d
y
weig
h
t,
aller
g
ies
an
d
m
aln
u
tr
itio
n
.
Ma
ln
u
tr
itio
n
in
to
d
d
ler
s
n
o
t
o
n
ly
af
f
ec
ts
p
h
y
s
ical
g
r
o
wth
d
is
o
r
d
er
s
,
b
u
t
will
also
af
f
ec
t
th
e
q
u
ality
o
f
i
n
tellig
en
ce
an
d
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t in
t
h
e
f
u
tu
r
e
[
2
0
]
.
T
o
o
v
er
c
o
m
e
er
r
o
r
s
in
f
ee
d
in
g
p
r
ac
tices,
C
h
ato
o
r
[
2
1
]
cr
ea
ted
b
asic
f
ee
d
in
g
r
u
les
wh
ich
ar
e
ca
lled
b
asic
f
ee
d
in
g
r
u
les.
B
asic
f
ee
d
in
g
r
u
les
ar
e
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
d
f
e
ed
in
g
r
u
les
wh
ich
in
clu
d
e
th
r
ee
asp
ec
ts
,
n
am
ely
s
ch
ed
u
le,
e
n
v
ir
o
n
m
en
t
an
d
f
e
ed
in
g
p
r
o
ce
d
u
r
es.
B
y
im
p
lem
en
tin
g
b
asic
f
ee
d
in
g
r
u
les,
th
e
ch
ild
'
s
g
r
o
wth
r
ate
will
b
e
g
o
o
d
a
n
d
th
e
r
is
k
o
f
e
x
p
er
ien
cin
g
g
r
o
wth
f
ailu
r
e
ca
n
b
e
r
e
d
u
ce
d
.
Feed
i
n
g
r
u
les
ar
e
clo
s
ely
r
elate
d
t
o
r
esp
o
n
s
iv
e
f
ee
d
in
g
.
R
esp
o
n
s
iv
e
f
ee
d
in
g
is
a
f
ee
d
in
g
b
eh
av
i
o
r
th
at
ap
p
lies
th
e
p
r
in
cip
les
o
f
p
s
y
ch
o
s
o
cial
ca
r
e
wh
ich
in
clu
d
es
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
ts
o
f
f
ee
d
in
g
r
u
les,
n
am
ely
s
ch
ed
u
le,
e
n
v
ir
o
n
m
en
t
an
d
f
ee
d
i
n
g
p
r
o
ce
d
u
r
es
[
1
4
]
.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
th
is
s
co
p
in
g
r
ev
ie
w
s
tu
d
y
aim
was
to
m
ap
s
th
e
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
ts
o
f
th
e
f
ee
d
i
n
g
r
u
le
f
o
r
in
f
a
n
ts
ag
ed
6
-
2
4
m
o
n
th
.
2.
M
E
T
H
O
D
2
.
1
.
Sea
rc
h str
a
t
eg
y
T
h
is
s
co
p
in
g
r
ev
iew
s
ea
r
ch
ca
m
e
f
r
o
m
th
r
ee
d
ata
b
ases
:
Scien
ce
Dir
ec
t,
Go
o
g
le
Sch
o
lar
an
d
Pu
b
Me
d
.
T
h
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
o
f
c
o
llectin
g
th
is
r
ev
iew
ar
ticle
u
s
es
s
p
ec
if
ic
clin
ical
q
u
esti
o
n
s
,
n
am
ely
with
p
o
p
u
latio
n
,
c
o
n
ce
p
t,
an
d
co
n
te
x
t
(
PC
C
)
.
Po
p
u
latio
n
(
P)
is
ch
ild
r
en
(
a
g
ed
<1
8
y
ea
r
s
)
a
n
d
co
n
ce
p
t
(
C
)
is
r
elate
d
to
f
ee
d
in
g
r
u
les
an
d
co
n
tex
t
(
C
)
in
co
m
m
u
n
ity
s
ettin
g
s
.
W
e
u
s
e
s
ev
er
al
k
ey
w
o
r
d
s
wit
h
B
o
o
lean
s
ea
r
ch
es,
n
am
ely
b
asic
f
ee
d
in
g
r
u
le
O
R
f
ee
d
in
g
g
u
id
elin
e
OR
f
ee
d
in
g
s
ty
le
f
o
r
to
d
d
ler
OR
ch
il
d
.
T
h
e
s
elec
tio
n
o
f
ar
ticles
in
th
is
s
tu
d
y
f
o
llo
we
d
th
e
Pre
f
er
r
ed
R
ep
o
r
tin
g
I
te
m
s
f
o
r
Sy
s
tem
atic
r
ev
iews
a
n
d
Me
ta
-
An
aly
s
es
ex
ten
s
io
n
f
o
r
Sco
p
in
g
R
ev
iews (
PR
I
SMA
-
Sc
R
)
m
eth
o
d
[
2
2
]
,
[
2
3
]
.
2
.
2
.
I
nclus
io
n a
nd
ex
clus
io
n
cr
it
er
ia
T
h
e
in
clu
s
io
n
cr
iter
ia
in
th
is
s
tu
d
y
we
r
e
ar
ticles:
i
)
ar
ticles
t
h
at
ex
p
lai
n
f
ee
d
in
g
r
u
les;
ii)
o
p
en
ac
ce
s
s
ar
ticles,
f
u
ll
tex
t;
iii)
o
r
ig
in
al
ar
ticle
o
r
r
esear
c
h
ar
ticle.
T
h
e
ex
clu
s
io
n
c
r
iter
ia
in
th
is
s
tu
d
y
wer
e
t
h
at
th
e
ar
ticle
d
is
cu
s
s
ed
ch
ild
r
en
wit
h
ce
r
tain
co
n
d
itio
n
s
/co
m
o
r
b
i
d
ities
an
d
ar
ticles
th
at
wer
e
p
r
o
to
co
l
s
tu
d
ies.
All
au
th
o
r
s
p
er
f
o
r
m
e
d
a
f
ir
s
t scr
ee
n
in
g
an
d
co
n
d
u
cted
co
n
ten
t a
n
aly
s
is
o
f
th
e
ar
ticles.
2
.
3
.
Study
s
elec
t
io
n
A
l
l
a
r
ti
c
l
es
w
e
r
e
f
i
r
s
t
s
c
r
e
e
n
ed
f
o
r
r
e
s
e
a
r
c
h
o
u
t
c
o
m
e
s
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
a
b
s
t
r
a
c
ts
,
a
n
d
d
e
t
a
i
le
d
f
i
n
d
i
n
g
s
w
e
r
e
r
e
v
i
e
w
e
d
i
n
f
u
ll
t
e
x
t
t
o
as
s
ess
th
e
m
e
t
h
o
d
o
l
o
g
y
,
r
e
s
e
a
r
c
h
o
u
t
co
m
e
s
,
a
n
d
c
o
n
c
l
u
s
i
o
n
s
as
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
F
i
g
u
r
e
1
.
D
a
ta
e
x
t
r
a
c
t
i
o
n
w
as
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
e
d
u
s
i
n
g
t
h
e
P
R
I
S
MA
f
l
o
w
d
i
a
g
r
am
t
o
r
e
v
i
e
w
s
t
u
d
y
c
h
a
r
a
c
t
e
r
is
t
i
c
s
a
n
d
t
h
e
l
e
v
e
l
o
f
e
v
i
d
e
n
c
e
f
o
r
e
ac
h
a
r
ti
c
l
e
.
A
n
an
a
l
y
s
is
o
f
t
h
e
e
v
i
d
e
n
c
e
a
n
d
a
n
e
v
a
l
u
a
t
i
o
n
o
f
t
h
e
i
d
e
n
t
i
f
ie
d
a
r
tic
l
e
s
w
e
r
e
c
o
n
d
u
c
t
e
d
a
c
c
o
r
d
i
n
g
t
o
t
h
e
f
l
o
w
d
i
a
g
r
a
m
.
T
h
e
i
n
i
t
i
al
k
e
y
w
o
r
d
-
b
a
s
e
d
l
it
er
a
t
u
r
e
s
e
a
r
c
h
y
i
el
d
e
d
a
t
o
t
al
o
f
5
6
5
0
a
r
t
i
c
l
e
s
.
A
f
t
e
r
r
e
v
i
e
w
,
5
,
1
7
4
a
r
t
i
c
l
es
w
e
r
e
eli
m
i
n
a
t
e
d
d
u
e
t
o
r
e
a
s
o
n
s
s
u
c
h
a
s
t
h
e
p
o
p
u
l
a
t
i
o
n
n
o
t
a
l
i
g
n
i
n
g
w
i
t
h
t
h
e
r
e
s
ea
r
c
h
o
b
j
e
c
t
i
v
es
,
a
r
t
i
cl
e
s
n
o
t
i
n
E
n
g
l
i
s
h
,
a
n
d
n
o
t
b
e
i
n
g
o
p
e
n
a
c
c
e
s
s
,
l
e
a
v
i
n
g
1
8
c
o
m
p
l
e
t
e
a
r
t
i
c
l
es
as
s
ess
e
d
f
o
r
e
l
i
g
i
b
i
li
t
y
.
O
f
t
h
es
e
,
ei
g
h
t
a
r
t
ic
le
s
w
e
r
e
el
i
m
i
n
at
e
d
,
r
e
s
u
l
t
i
n
g
i
n
1
0
a
r
t
i
c
l
es
t
h
a
t
m
et
t
h
e
el
i
g
i
b
i
li
t
y
c
r
i
t
e
r
i
a
.
2
.
4
.
Da
t
a
e
x
t
ra
ct
i
o
n a
nd
a
na
ly
s
is
Fo
r
th
is
s
y
s
tem
atic
r
ev
iew
,
ess
en
tial
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
p
er
t
in
en
t
to
th
e
r
esear
ch
q
u
esti
o
n
was
s
y
s
tem
atica
lly
g
ath
er
ed
.
T
h
e
ex
tr
ac
ted
d
ata
in
clu
d
ed
th
e
au
th
o
r
,
y
ea
r
o
f
p
u
b
licatio
n
,
co
u
n
tr
y
o
f
o
r
ig
i
n
,
aim
,
p
o
p
u
latio
n
an
d
s
am
p
le
s
ize,
m
eth
o
d
s
,
an
d
k
ey
f
in
d
in
g
s
.
T
h
ese
elem
en
ts
p
r
o
v
id
ed
co
m
p
r
eh
e
n
s
iv
e
in
s
ig
h
ts
in
to
ea
ch
s
tu
d
y
'
s
co
n
tex
t
an
d
o
u
tco
m
es.
T
o
s
y
n
th
esize
th
is
d
ata,
we
em
p
lo
y
ed
a
n
a
r
r
ativ
e
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
.
T
h
is
in
v
o
l
v
ed
s
y
s
tem
atica
lly
co
llectin
g
an
d
o
r
g
a
n
izin
g
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
f
r
o
m
m
u
ltip
le
s
tu
d
ies
to
ass
ess
th
e
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
n
ess
o
f
v
ar
io
u
s
in
ter
v
e
n
tio
n
s
.
W
e
th
en
d
ev
elo
p
ed
a
clea
r
an
d
s
tr
u
ctu
r
ed
wr
itten
ac
c
o
u
n
t
th
a
t
s
u
m
m
ar
ized
an
d
ex
p
lain
ed
th
e
co
llected
d
ata.
2
.
5
.
Ass
ess
m
ent
o
f
s
t
ud
y
qu
a
lity
a
nd
risk
o
f
bia
s
B
ef
o
r
e
ass
ess
in
g
th
e
q
u
ality
o
f
th
e
ar
ticles,
th
e
wr
itin
g
team
r
ea
d
th
e
te
n
co
m
p
lete
tex
ts
o
f
th
e
s
elec
ted
ar
ticles.
Af
ter
th
e
team
f
in
is
h
ed
r
ea
d
i
n
g
th
e
ar
ticle,
th
e
team
ca
r
r
ied
o
u
t
a
cr
itical
ap
p
r
aisal
u
s
in
g
th
e
J
o
an
n
a
B
r
ig
g
s
I
n
s
titu
te
(
J
B
I
)
cr
itical
a
p
p
r
aisal
c
h
ec
k
li
s
t
f
o
r
an
aly
tical
cr
o
s
s
-
s
ec
ti
o
n
al,
ca
s
e
co
n
tr
o
l,
r
an
d
o
m
ize
d
co
n
tr
o
lled
tr
ial,
q
u
asi ex
p
er
im
en
tal,
co
h
o
r
t,
an
d
q
u
alitativ
e
s
tu
d
ies.
T
en
ar
ticles we
r
e
ass
e
s
s
ed
f
o
r
q
u
ality
u
s
in
g
t
h
e
J
B
I
cr
itical
ap
p
r
aisal
ch
ec
k
lis
t,
all
ar
ticles
m
et
th
e
cr
iter
ia.
No
a
r
ticles
wer
e
ex
clu
d
e
d
b
ased
o
n
q
u
ality
ap
p
r
aisal.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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2
2
5
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-
8
8
0
6
I
n
t J Pu
b
lic
Hea
lth
Sci
,
Vo
l.
1
3
,
No
.
4
,
Dec
em
b
er
20
24
:
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9
38
-
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94
5
1940
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
PR
I
SMA
f
lo
wch
ar
t
3.
RE
SU
L
T
S AN
D
D
I
SCU
SS
I
O
N
3
.
1
.
Cha
ra
c
t
er
is
t
ics o
f
s
t
ud
y
T
h
is
s
y
s
tem
atic
r
ev
iew
ex
h
ib
its
h
eter
o
g
en
eity
,
with
n
in
e
ar
ticles
f
r
o
m
v
ar
io
u
s
s
ettin
g
an
d
s
tu
d
y
d
esig
n
,
in
clu
d
in
g
two
ar
ticles
f
r
o
m
I
n
d
o
n
esia,
o
n
e
a
r
ticle
f
r
o
m
E
th
io
p
ia,
one
a
r
ticle
f
r
o
m
So
weto
,
one
ar
ticle
f
r
o
m
R
wan
d
a,
two
ar
ticles
f
r
o
m
Un
ited
States
,
one
ar
ticle
f
r
o
m
Au
s
tr
alia,
an
d
one
ar
ticle
f
r
o
m
C
h
ile.
Fu
r
th
er
m
o
r
e
,
th
e
s
elec
ted
ar
ti
cles
s
tu
d
y
d
esig
n
co
n
s
is
ted
o
f
one
ar
ticle
was
ex
p
er
im
e
n
tal
s
tu
d
y
,
f
o
u
r
ar
ticles
was
cr
o
s
s
-
s
ec
tio
n
al
s
tu
d
y
an
d
f
o
u
r
ar
ticles
was
q
u
alitativ
e
s
tu
d
y
.
T
h
e
ch
ar
ac
ter
is
tics
o
f
th
e
s
tu
d
y
ar
e
d
escr
ib
ed
in
T
a
b
le
1
an
d
2
.
3
.
2
.
T
hem
a
t
ic
f
ind
ing
s
(
i)
Feed
in
g
s
ch
ed
u
le
.
T
h
e
s
tu
d
i
es
in
d
icate
a
p
o
s
itiv
e
s
h
if
t
i
n
f
ee
d
in
g
s
ch
ed
u
les,
r
ef
lecte
d
in
in
cr
ea
s
ed
k
n
o
wled
g
e
ab
o
u
t
v
ar
i
o
u
s
f
o
o
d
-
r
elate
d
is
s
u
es
an
d
ad
d
r
ess
in
g
ea
tin
g
p
r
o
b
lem
s
in
ch
ild
r
en
.
W
h
ile
n
o
t
ex
p
licitly
d
etailed
,
th
e
o
b
s
er
v
ed
d
ec
r
ea
s
e
i
n
p
ic
k
y
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ter
s
a
n
d
s
m
all
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ter
s
s
u
g
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ests
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i
m
p
r
o
v
e
m
en
t
in
th
e
o
v
er
all
f
ee
d
in
g
s
ch
e
d
u
le
[
2
4
]
–
[
2
6
]
.
(
ii)
Feed
in
g
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
ts
.
Po
s
itiv
e
ch
an
g
es
in
f
ee
d
in
g
e
n
v
ir
o
n
m
en
ts
ar
e
im
p
lied
th
r
o
u
g
h
th
e
o
b
s
er
v
ed
d
ec
r
ea
s
e
in
p
ick
y
ea
ter
s
an
d
s
m
all
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ter
s
,
in
d
icatin
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a
m
o
r
e
s
u
p
p
o
r
tiv
e
an
d
d
iv
e
r
s
e
atm
o
s
p
h
er
e.
Sp
ec
if
ics
o
n
en
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
tal
m
o
d
if
icatio
n
s
ar
e
n
o
t
ex
p
licit
ly
o
u
tlin
ed
,
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e
f
in
d
in
g
s
s
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g
g
est
an
o
v
e
r
all
im
p
r
o
v
em
e
n
t in
th
e
f
ee
d
in
g
en
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
t
[
2
7
]
–
[
2
9
]
.
(
iii)
Feed
in
g
p
r
o
ce
d
u
r
es
.
T
h
e
s
tu
d
ies
h
ig
h
lig
h
t
a
p
o
s
itiv
e
im
p
ac
t o
n
f
ee
d
in
g
p
r
o
ce
d
u
r
es,
p
ar
ticu
lar
ly
with
th
e
in
cr
ea
s
e
in
k
n
o
wled
g
e
ab
o
u
t
f
o
o
d
-
r
elate
d
is
s
u
es
an
d
a
d
d
r
e
s
s
in
g
ea
tin
g
p
r
o
b
lem
s
in
c
h
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en
.
Deta
ils
ab
o
u
t
alter
ed
f
ee
d
in
g
p
r
o
ce
d
u
r
es
ar
e
n
o
t
ex
p
licitly
p
r
o
v
id
ed
,
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e
o
v
e
r
all
p
o
s
itiv
e
tr
e
n
d
s
u
g
g
ests
a
b
en
ef
icial
im
p
ac
t o
n
f
ee
d
i
n
g
p
r
ac
tices
[
3
0
]
–
[
3
2
]
.
T
ab
le
1
.
I
n
clu
d
e
d
ar
ticles ch
ar
ac
ter
is
tics
No
A
u
t
h
o
r
s
a
n
d
y
e
a
r
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f
p
u
b
l
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t
i
o
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C
i
t
a
t
i
o
n
C
o
u
n
t
r
y
C
o
n
t
i
n
e
n
t
1.
R
a
h
a
y
u
e
t
a
l
.
,
(
2
0
2
1
)
[
2
4
]
I
n
d
o
n
e
si
a
A
si
a
2.
P
u
r
n
a
masa
r
i
e
t
a
l
.
,
(
2
0
2
3
)
[
2
5
]
I
n
d
o
n
e
si
a
A
si
a
3.
G
e
b
r
e
t
sa
d
i
k
e
t
a
l
.
,
(
2
0
2
3
)
[
2
6
]
Et
h
i
o
p
i
a
A
f
r
i
c
a
4.
W
r
o
t
t
e
sl
e
y
e
t
a
l
.
,
(
2
0
1
9
)
[
2
7
]
S
o
w
e
t
o
A
f
r
i
c
a
5.
D
u
si
n
g
i
n
z
i
ma
n
a
e
t
a
l
.
,
(
2
0
2
0
)
[
2
8
]
R
w
a
n
d
a
A
f
r
i
c
a
6.
Li
n
d
s
a
y
e
t
a
l
.
,
(
2
0
2
0
)
[
2
9
]
U
n
i
t
e
d
S
t
a
t
e
s
A
meric
a
7.
B
y
r
n
e
e
t
a
l
.
,
(
2
0
2
1
)
[
3
0
]
A
u
st
r
a
l
i
a
A
u
st
r
a
l
i
a
8.
Esp
i
n
o
z
a
e
t
a
l
.
,
(
2
0
2
2
)
[
3
1
]
C
h
i
l
e
A
meric
a
9.
A
y
e
r
s
e
t
a
l
.
,
(
2
0
1
9
)
[
3
2
]
U
n
i
t
e
d
S
t
a
t
e
s
A
meric
a
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
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8
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0
6
C
o
mp
o
n
en
ts
o
f b
a
s
ic
feed
in
g
r
u
le
fo
r
in
fa
n
ts
a
g
ed
6
-
2
4
mo
n
th
s
:
a
s
co
p
in
g
r
ev
iew
(
F
itr
i H
a
r
ya
n
ti)
1941
T
ab
le
2
.
Ar
ticles s
y
n
th
esis
No
C
i
t
a
t
i
o
n
D
e
si
g
n
S
a
mp
l
e
s
i
z
e
F
i
n
d
i
n
g
s
1.
[
2
4
]
Q
u
a
si
e
x
p
e
r
i
me
n
t
a
l
st
u
d
y
4
1
P
a
r
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i
c
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p
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n
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s
P
o
st
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c
o
mm
u
n
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p
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smal
l
e
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t
e
r
s h
a
s
d
e
c
r
e
a
s
e
d
.
2.
[
2
5
]
C
r
o
ss
-
se
c
t
i
o
n
a
l
st
u
d
y
6
8
p
a
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m
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k
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d
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f
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d
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r
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e
s.
3.
[
2
6
]
C
r
o
ss
-
se
c
t
i
o
n
a
l
st
u
d
y
1
,
6
5
1
p
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c
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p
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K
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,
6
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4
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D
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d
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.
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u
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sea
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p
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c
t
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s
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s
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d
v
i
se
d
.
4.
[
2
7
]
C
r
o
ss
-
se
c
t
i
o
n
a
l
st
u
d
y
2
5
0
p
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6
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Th
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s.
5.
[
2
8
]
Q
u
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l
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t
a
t
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v
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st
u
d
y
2
4
p
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d
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c
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ss i
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i
v
e
i
m
p
l
e
me
n
t
a
t
i
o
n
.
6.
[
2
9
]
Q
u
a
l
i
t
a
t
i
v
e
st
u
d
y
2
1
p
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r
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t
i
o
n
s.
7.
[
3
0
]
C
r
o
ss
-
se
c
t
i
o
n
a
l
st
u
d
y
8
8
p
a
r
t
i
c
i
p
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n
t
s
Th
i
s
f
i
r
st
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of
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its
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k
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d
e
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st
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s
g
a
p
.
8.
[
3
1
]
Q
u
a
l
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t
a
t
i
v
e
st
u
d
y
2
5
p
a
r
t
i
c
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p
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s
U
si
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h
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m
a
t
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c
a
n
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i
s,
f
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v
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f
a
c
t
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sh
a
p
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f
o
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d
p
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t
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g
p
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c
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s:
p
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s'
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x
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b
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9.
[
3
2
]
Q
u
a
l
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t
a
t
i
v
e
st
u
d
y
2
7
p
a
r
t
i
c
i
p
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s
F
i
v
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mes
i
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d
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M
a
r
s
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a
l
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f
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:
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m
y
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a
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o
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h
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a
l
t
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p
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o
v
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d
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r
s
,
a
n
d
p
o
l
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y
-
l
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v
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f
f
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c
t
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f
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sp
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c
i
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u
t
r
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i
o
n
p
r
o
g
r
a
m
f
o
r
w
o
me
n
,
i
n
f
a
n
t
s,
a
n
d
c
h
i
l
d
r
e
n
.
3.
3.
B
a
s
ic
f
ee
din
g
rules co
mp
o
nents
Feed
in
g
s
ch
ed
u
le
:
i
)
E
n
s
u
r
e
a
r
eg
u
lar
an
d
p
lan
n
e
d
m
ea
l sch
e
d
u
le
,
ii
)
Me
als s
h
o
u
ld
last
f
o
r
a
d
u
r
atio
n
o
f
2
0
-
3
0
m
in
u
tes
,
3
)
On
ly
wate
r
co
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
is
allo
wed
b
etwe
en
m
ea
l tim
es
.
Feed
in
g
e
n
v
ir
o
n
m
en
t
:
i
)
C
r
ea
te
a
p
leasan
t
en
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
t,
av
o
id
in
g
an
y
co
e
r
cio
n
f
o
r
th
e
c
h
ild
to
ea
t
,
ii
)
Seat
th
e
ch
ild
in
a
h
ig
h
c
h
air
,
iii
)
T
h
e
ch
ild
s
h
o
u
ld
r
em
ain
i
n
th
e
h
i
g
h
c
h
air
u
n
til
ev
e
r
y
o
n
e
at
th
e
tab
le
is
f
u
ll
an
d
d
o
n
e
ea
tin
g
,
iv
)
Par
en
ts
s
h
o
u
l
d
r
ef
r
ain
f
r
o
m
p
r
aisi
n
g
o
r
cr
iticizin
g
th
e
f
o
o
d
co
n
s
u
m
e
d
b
y
t
h
e
ch
ild
,
v
)
Av
o
id
p
r
o
v
id
in
g
d
r
in
k
s
o
r
telev
is
io
n
d
u
r
in
g
m
ea
ls
,
vi
)
Do
n
o
t
u
s
e
f
o
o
d
as
a
r
ewa
r
d
,
v
ii
)
Dis
co
u
r
a
g
e
th
e
ch
ild
f
r
o
m
th
r
o
win
g
o
r
d
is
ca
r
d
in
g
f
o
o
d
o
r
ea
tin
g
u
ten
s
ils
,
v
iii
)
R
ed
ir
ec
t
t
h
e
ch
ild
'
s
atten
tio
n
to
th
e
m
ea
l
if
th
er
e
ar
e
d
is
tr
ac
tio
n
s
.
Feed
in
g
p
r
o
ce
d
u
r
es
:
i
)
Ser
v
e
s
m
all
p
o
r
tio
n
s
,
ii
)
I
n
tr
o
d
u
ce
s
o
lid
f
o
o
d
s
b
ef
o
r
e
liq
u
id
s
,
iii
)
E
n
co
u
r
ag
e
t
h
e
ch
ild
to
f
ee
d
th
em
s
elv
es
,
iv
)
R
em
o
v
e
th
e
m
ea
l
if
,
af
ter
1
0
-
1
5
m
i
n
u
tes,
th
e
ch
ild
is
o
n
l
y
p
lay
in
g
with
o
u
t
ea
tin
g
,
v
)
E
n
d
t
h
e
m
ea
l
if
th
e
ch
ild
b
ec
o
m
es u
p
s
et.
3
.
4
.
Dis
cus
s
io
n
T
h
is
s
co
p
in
g
r
ev
iew
p
r
im
ar
y
o
b
jectiv
e
was
to
m
ap
s
th
e
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
ts
o
f
th
e
f
ee
d
in
g
r
u
le
f
o
r
in
f
an
ts
ag
ed
6
-
2
4
m
o
n
t
h
.
Acc
o
r
d
in
g
to
liter
atu
r
es,
th
er
e
ar
e
th
r
ee
m
ain
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
ts
o
f
th
e
f
ee
d
in
g
r
u
les
in
clu
d
in
g
f
ee
d
in
g
s
ch
e
d
u
le,
f
ee
d
in
g
e
n
v
i
r
o
n
m
en
ts
,
a
n
d
f
ee
d
in
g
p
r
o
ce
d
u
r
e.
E
ac
h
co
m
p
o
n
en
t w
as d
is
c
u
s
s
ed
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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2
2
5
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8
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6
I
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Hea
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1
3
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4
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Dec
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er
20
24
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38
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1942
3
.
4
.
1
.
F
ee
din
g
s
chedule
Pre
v
io
u
s
s
tu
d
y
in
d
icate
th
at
m
o
th
er
s
o
f
ten
d
o
n
o
t
f
o
llo
w
a
f
ix
ed
s
ch
ed
u
le
f
o
r
f
ee
d
in
g
th
eir
ch
ild
r
e
n
an
d
m
a
y
r
eso
r
t
to
f
o
r
cin
g
th
e
m
to
ea
t,
d
is
r
eg
ar
d
in
g
th
e
ch
il
d
'
s
f
ee
d
in
g
tim
etab
le.
T
h
is
c
o
m
p
u
ls
io
n
t
o
ea
t
m
ay
i
n
v
o
l
v
e
l
i
m
i
t
i
n
g
t
h
e
c
h
i
l
d
'
s
m
o
v
e
m
e
n
t
o
r
e
x
e
r
ti
n
g
p
r
e
s
s
u
r
e
o
n
t
h
e
c
h
il
d
t
o
c
o
n
s
u
m
e
f
o
o
d
[
3
3
]
–
[
3
6
]
.
A
p
o
s
i
t
i
v
e
ch
an
g
e
in
f
ee
d
in
g
s
ch
ed
u
les,
c
h
ar
ac
ter
ized
b
y
an
in
cr
ea
s
e
in
k
n
o
wled
g
e
ab
o
u
t v
ar
io
u
s
f
o
o
d
-
r
elate
d
is
s
u
es
an
d
th
e
ad
d
r
ess
in
g
o
f
ea
tin
g
p
r
o
b
lem
s
in
ch
ild
r
en
,
is
cr
u
cial
f
o
r
p
r
o
m
o
tin
g
h
ea
lth
y
f
ee
d
i
n
g
p
r
a
ctice
s
[
2
4
]
–
[
2
6
]
.
3
.
4
.
2
.
F
ee
din
g
env
iro
nm
ent
s
Pre
v
io
u
s
s
tu
d
y
r
ev
ea
le
d
th
at,
f
o
llo
win
g
th
e
im
p
lem
en
tatio
n
o
f
co
m
m
u
n
ity
s
er
v
ice,
t
h
er
e
was
an
in
cr
ea
s
e
in
k
n
o
wled
g
e
a
b
o
u
t
v
ar
io
u
s
f
o
o
d
-
r
elate
d
is
s
u
es
an
d
ea
tin
g
p
r
o
b
lem
.
Fu
r
th
e
r
m
o
r
e,
o
b
s
er
v
atio
n
s
o
n
ea
tin
g
is
s
u
es
in
d
icate
d
a
d
ec
r
e
ase
in
p
ic
k
y
ea
te
r
s
an
d
th
e
p
r
ev
alen
ce
o
f
s
m
all
ea
te
r
s
af
ter
co
m
m
u
n
ity
s
er
v
ice
[
2
4
]
.
An
o
th
er
s
tu
d
y
also
em
p
h
asized
a
co
r
r
elatio
n
b
etwe
en
m
ater
n
al
k
n
o
wled
g
e
o
f
f
ee
d
i
n
g
r
u
les
an
d
to
d
d
ler
n
u
tr
itio
n
.
T
h
u
s
,
wh
en
m
o
th
er
s
h
av
e
a
b
etter
u
n
d
e
r
s
tan
d
in
g
o
f
f
ee
d
in
g
r
u
les,
th
e
ir
in
tr
o
d
u
ctio
n
o
f
co
m
p
lem
en
tar
y
f
ee
d
i
n
g
ca
n
e
n
h
an
ce
to
d
d
ler
n
u
tr
itio
n
[
2
5
]
.
Pre
v
io
u
s
r
esear
ch
f
in
d
in
g
s
in
d
icate
th
at
f
ath
er
s
ar
e
awa
r
e
o
f
an
d
r
ec
o
g
n
ize
th
eir
r
o
le
in
p
r
o
m
o
tin
g
h
ea
lth
y
ea
tin
g
f
o
r
th
eir
p
r
esch
o
o
l
-
ag
e
d
ch
ild
r
en
.
T
h
ey
a
ctiv
ely
p
ar
ticip
ate
in
f
ee
d
in
g
r
o
u
tin
es,
ex
p
r
ess
willin
g
n
ess
to
en
g
a
g
e
in
f
am
il
y
in
ter
v
e
n
tio
n
s
,
a
n
d
h
av
e
a
s
tr
o
n
g
d
esire
to
lear
n
an
d
d
o
wh
at
is
b
est
f
o
r
th
eir
ch
ild
r
en
[
2
9
]
.
R
esear
ch
b
y
I
s
tiy
ati
[
3
7
]
in
d
icate
s
th
at
f
ath
er
s
in
v
o
lv
em
en
t
is
o
n
g
o
in
g
an
d
a
ctiv
e,
en
co
m
p
ass
in
g
f
r
eq
u
en
cy
,
in
iti
ativ
e,
an
d
p
e
r
s
o
n
al
e
m
p
o
wer
m
en
t
ac
r
o
s
s
th
e
p
h
y
s
ical,
c
o
g
n
itiv
e,
an
d
em
o
tio
n
al
d
im
en
s
io
n
s
o
f
a
ch
ild
'
s
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
-
en
c
o
m
p
ass
in
g
p
h
y
s
ical,
em
o
tio
n
al,
s
o
cial,
in
tell
ec
tu
al,
an
d
m
o
r
al
asp
ec
ts
.
Fath
er
ly
p
ar
en
tin
g
co
n
tr
ib
u
tes a
d
is
tin
ct
an
d
v
alu
ab
l
e
elem
en
t to
th
e
s
h
ap
i
n
g
o
f
a
c
h
ild
'
s
ch
ar
ac
ter
.
E
ar
ly
ch
ild
h
o
o
d
ea
tin
g
h
ab
its
ar
e
s
h
ap
ed
b
y
p
ar
e
n
tal
f
ee
d
in
g
b
eh
av
io
r
s
.
I
n
a
p
r
ev
io
u
s
s
tu
d
y
,
v
ar
io
u
s
p
o
s
itiv
e
an
d
n
eg
ativ
e/n
u
tr
itio
n
ally
u
n
f
av
o
r
ab
le
f
ee
d
in
g
b
e
h
av
io
r
s
wer
e
lin
k
ed
t
o
s
p
ec
if
ic
ch
ar
ac
ter
is
tics
o
f
p
ar
en
ts
an
d
c
h
ild
r
en
.
No
tab
ly
,
less
ed
u
ca
ted
p
ar
en
ts
s
h
o
we
d
a
g
r
ea
ter
in
clin
atio
n
to
u
s
e
f
o
o
d
f
o
r
e
m
o
tio
n
al
r
eg
u
latio
n
o
r
as
a
r
ewa
r
d
,
co
n
tr
ad
ictin
g
estab
lis
h
ed
f
ee
d
in
g
g
u
id
elin
es
th
at
d
is
co
u
r
a
g
e
u
s
in
g
f
o
o
d
as
a
r
ewa
r
d
in
th
e
en
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
t
[
3
8
]
–
[
4
0
]
.
Prio
r
r
esear
ch
in
d
icate
s
th
at,
d
esp
ite
p
o
licies
en
d
o
r
s
in
g
r
esp
o
n
s
iv
e
f
ee
d
in
g
p
r
ac
tices,
th
er
e
is
a
p
r
ev
alen
t
o
cc
u
r
r
e
n
ce
o
f
c
h
ild
r
en
in
d
ep
e
n
d
en
tly
d
eter
m
in
in
g
th
eir
f
o
o
d
ch
o
ices
an
d
p
o
r
tio
n
s
.
T
h
is
is
ev
id
en
t
in
b
o
th
o
b
s
er
v
ed
b
e
h
av
io
r
an
d
s
elf
-
r
ep
o
r
te
d
d
ata,
ch
a
r
ac
ter
ized
b
y
lo
w
p
r
ess
u
r
e
to
ea
t
a
n
d
m
in
im
al
u
s
e
o
f
f
o
o
d
as
a
r
ewa
r
d
.
No
tab
ly
,
d
e
s
p
ite
p
o
licy
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
a
n
d
ex
te
n
s
iv
e
ed
u
ca
to
r
tr
ain
in
g
,
th
e
o
b
s
er
v
ed
f
r
e
q
u
en
c
y
o
f
r
o
le
m
o
d
elin
g
is
r
ep
o
r
te
d
to
b
e
lo
w.
Fu
r
th
er
in
v
esti
g
atio
n
in
to
ed
u
ca
to
r
s
'
co
n
ce
p
tu
aliza
tio
n
an
d
im
p
lem
en
tatio
n
o
f
f
ee
d
in
g
p
r
a
ctice
s
ca
n
s
h
ed
lig
h
t
o
n
wh
y
th
is
cr
u
cial
asp
ec
t
o
f
m
ea
ltime
is
n
o
t
co
n
s
is
ten
tly
ap
p
lied
in
p
r
ac
tice
[
3
0
]
.
Feed
in
g
r
u
les
em
p
h
asize
cr
ea
tin
g
a
co
m
f
o
r
ta
b
le
m
ea
ltime
atm
o
s
p
h
er
e
an
d
a
v
o
id
in
g
co
er
cio
n
wh
en
f
ee
d
in
g
ch
ild
r
e
n
.
Dr
a
n
esia
et
a
l.
[
4
1
]
r
esear
c
h
lin
k
s
p
r
ess
u
r
e
d
u
r
in
g
m
ea
ls
to
th
e
o
cc
u
r
r
en
ce
o
f
s
tu
n
tin
g
.
T
h
u
s
,
it
is
cr
u
cial
f
o
r
p
a
r
en
ts
to
f
o
s
ter
p
o
s
itiv
e
ea
tin
g
b
e
h
a
v
io
r
s
in
th
eir
ch
ild
r
en
to
m
iti
g
ate
s
u
ch
r
is
k
s
[
4
1
]
,
[
4
2
]
.
T
h
e
r
esear
c
h
co
n
d
u
cted
b
y
p
r
ev
io
u
s
s
tu
d
y
r
ev
ea
le
d
f
iv
e
th
em
es
in
f
lu
en
ci
n
g
f
o
o
d
p
ar
en
tin
g
p
r
ac
tices:
p
ar
en
ts
'
p
ast
ex
p
er
ien
ce
s
s
h
ap
in
g
cu
r
r
en
t
g
o
als,
r
esp
o
n
s
es
to
ch
ild
ch
a
r
ac
ter
is
tics
,
in
f
lu
en
ce
o
f
f
a
m
ily
m
em
b
er
s
(
esp
ec
ially
g
r
an
d
p
ar
en
ts
)
,
p
ar
e
n
tal
n
u
tr
itio
n
k
n
o
wl
ed
g
e,
a
n
d
life
co
n
tex
t
(
lim
ited
b
u
d
g
ets
an
d
tim
e
co
n
s
tr
ain
ts
)
[
3
1
]
.
Mo
th
er
s
'
attitu
d
es
to
war
d
s
b
r
ea
s
tf
ee
d
in
g
a
n
d
s
o
lid
f
o
o
d
s
in
f
lu
en
ce
d
th
eir
f
ee
d
in
g
s
tr
ateg
ies,
in
v
o
lv
in
g
m
o
d
elin
g
,
r
ep
ea
te
d
ex
p
o
s
u
r
e,
a
n
d
"sn
ea
k
in
g
"
h
ea
lth
y
f
o
o
d
s
.
I
n
f
o
r
m
atio
n
s
o
u
r
ce
s
in
clu
d
ed
p
ed
iatr
ician
s
,
f
em
ale
f
am
ily
m
em
b
er
s
,
an
d
t
h
e
in
ter
n
et
[
4
3
]
,
[
4
4
]
.
E
ar
lier
r
esear
ch
id
en
tifie
d
ca
r
eg
iv
e
r
s
'
k
n
o
wled
g
e
an
d
b
elief
s
r
eg
ar
d
in
g
th
e
b
en
e
f
its
o
f
b
r
ea
s
tf
ee
d
in
g
an
d
tim
ely
in
tr
o
d
u
ctio
n
o
f
co
m
p
lem
e
n
tar
y
f
o
o
d
s
as k
ey
in
d
iv
id
u
al
f
ac
to
r
s
th
at
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
p
o
s
itiv
e
in
f
a
n
t a
n
d
ch
ild
f
ee
d
in
g
p
r
ac
tices
[
4
5
]
–
[
4
7
]
.
3
.
4
.
3
.
F
ee
din
g
pro
ce
du
re
E
s
p
in
o
za
et
a
l
.
[
3
1
]
em
p
lo
y
ed
th
em
atic
an
aly
s
is
with
an
in
d
u
ctiv
e
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
,
r
e
v
ea
lin
g
p
ar
en
tal
n
u
tr
itio
n
k
n
o
wled
g
e
as
a
th
e
m
e
in
f
lu
e
n
cin
g
f
o
o
d
p
ar
en
tin
g
p
r
ac
tices.
A
p
r
e
v
io
u
s
s
tu
d
y
id
en
tifie
d
f
ac
to
r
s
af
f
ec
tin
g
to
d
d
ler
s
'
n
u
tr
itio
n
al
s
tatu
s
,
in
clu
d
in
g
m
ater
n
al
e
d
u
ca
tio
n
,
n
u
tr
itio
n
al
k
n
o
wled
g
e,
m
ater
n
al
b
eh
av
i
o
r
,
an
d
th
e
tim
in
g
o
f
i
n
tr
o
d
u
cin
g
co
m
p
lem
en
tar
y
f
ee
d
in
g
[
4
8
]
.
C
ar
eg
iv
er
s
'
p
r
ef
er
en
ce
f
o
r
liq
u
id
s
o
v
er
s
em
i
-
s
o
lid
f
o
o
d
s
h
am
p
er
s
g
o
o
d
f
ee
d
in
g
p
r
ac
tices.
W
h
ile
c
o
m
m
u
n
ity
-
b
ased
n
u
tr
itio
n
al
p
r
o
g
r
am
s
ef
f
ec
tiv
ely
p
r
o
m
o
te
o
p
tim
al
f
ee
d
in
g
p
r
ac
tices
at
t
h
e
g
r
o
u
p
lev
el,
h
o
u
s
eh
o
ld
p
o
v
er
ty
in
r
u
r
al
ar
ea
s
r
em
ai
n
s
a
b
ar
r
ier
.
T
h
e
s
tu
d
y
u
n
d
er
s
co
r
es
th
e
n
ec
ess
ity
o
f
em
p
o
wer
i
n
g
ca
r
e
g
iv
er
s
with
clea
r
g
u
id
elin
es,
p
ar
ti
cu
lar
ly
co
n
ce
r
n
in
g
co
m
p
lem
en
tar
y
f
ee
d
i
n
g
alo
n
g
s
id
e
b
r
ea
s
tf
ee
d
in
g
[
4
7
]
.
I
n
So
u
th
west
E
th
io
p
ia,
a
s
tu
d
y
f
o
u
n
d
ce
r
ea
ls
to
b
e
th
e
p
r
im
ar
y
d
ietar
y
item
,
with
leg
u
m
e
s
an
d
n
u
ts
m
o
s
t
co
n
s
u
m
e
d
ac
r
o
s
s
r
eg
io
n
s
an
d
th
e
h
i
g
h
est
m
ea
t
c
o
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
i
n
th
e
lo
wlan
d
r
eg
i
o
n
.
I
n
So
weto
,
co
m
m
o
n
non
-
r
esp
o
n
s
iv
e
f
ee
d
i
n
g
p
r
ac
tices
wer
e
lin
k
ed
to
th
e
d
e
v
elo
p
m
en
t
o
f
u
n
h
ea
lth
y
f
o
o
d
r
ela
tio
n
s
h
ip
s
an
d
p
o
o
r
ea
tin
g
b
eh
av
io
r
s
.
R
esp
o
n
s
iv
e
f
ee
d
in
g
,
s
u
ch
as
u
s
in
g
co
n
s
is
ten
t
f
o
o
d
to
p
lease,
co
r
r
elate
d
with
f
aster
weig
h
t
g
ain
b
etwe
en
6
an
d
1
8
m
o
n
th
s
[
2
7
]
,
[
4
9
]
,
[
5
0
]
.
Ho
wev
e
r
,
lim
ited
r
esear
ch
ex
is
ts
o
n
th
e
co
r
r
elatio
n
b
etwe
e
n
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J Pu
b
lic
Hea
lth
Sci
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8
8
0
6
C
o
mp
o
n
en
ts
o
f b
a
s
ic
feed
in
g
r
u
le
fo
r
in
fa
n
ts
a
g
ed
6
-
2
4
mo
n
th
s
:
a
s
co
p
in
g
r
ev
iew
(
F
itr
i H
a
r
ya
n
ti)
1943
ch
ild
ca
r
e
ce
n
ter
s
,
p
r
o
v
id
er
c
h
ar
ac
ter
is
tics
,
f
ee
d
in
g
s
ty
les,
a
n
d
th
e
n
u
tr
itio
n
an
d
weig
h
t
s
t
atu
s
o
f
v
e
r
y
y
o
u
n
g
ch
ild
r
en
.
T
h
is
g
a
p
im
p
ed
es
e
v
id
en
ce
-
b
ased
in
ter
v
e
n
tio
n
s
f
o
r
ch
ild
h
o
o
d
o
b
esit
y
p
r
e
v
en
tio
n
in
ea
r
ly
c
h
ild
h
o
o
d
ed
u
ca
tio
n
s
ettin
g
s
.
Un
d
er
s
tan
d
in
g
th
e
ca
u
s
al
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
b
etwe
en
in
ter
v
e
n
tio
n
s
tar
g
eti
n
g
p
r
o
v
id
e
r
f
ee
d
in
g
s
ty
les
an
d
ch
ild
n
u
tr
itio
n
o
u
t
co
m
es
is
cr
u
cial.
T
h
e
q
u
esti
o
n
n
air
e
e
v
alu
ates
ca
r
eg
iv
er
a
cc
u
r
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ty
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en
co
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in
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u
les
[
5
1
]
,
[
5
2
]
.
4.
CO
NCLU
SI
O
N
C
h
ild
r
en
wh
o
ar
e
well
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s
tr
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g
u
id
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in
v
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lv
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g
th
r
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as
p
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ts
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s
ch
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en
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m
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d
f
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ased
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.
P.I
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3
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4
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5
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a
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d
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[
6
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J.
F
.
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7
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N
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8
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[
1
2
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.
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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t J Pu
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N:
2252
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8
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o
f b
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feed
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g
r
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fo
r
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fa
n
ts
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g
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4
mo
n
th
s
:
a
s
co
p
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g
r
ev
iew
(
F
itr
i H
a
r
ya
n
ti)
1945
B
I
O
G
RAP
H
I
E
S O
F
AUTH
O
RS
Fi
tr
i
H
a
r
y
a
n
ti
is
a
lec
tu
re
r
a
t
S
c
h
o
o
l
o
f
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u
rsin
g
wit
h
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h
e
De
p
a
rtme
n
t
o
f
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e
d
iatric
a
n
d
M
a
ter
n
it
y
Nu
rsi
n
g
a
t
th
e
F
a
c
u
lt
y
o
f
M
e
d
ici
n
e
,
U
n
iv
e
rsitas
Ga
d
jah
M
a
d
a
.
S
h
e
c
o
m
p
lete
d
h
e
r
d
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c
t
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l
stu
d
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l
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g
ra
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e
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icin
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,
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n
iv
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a
d
jah
M
a
d
a
in
2
0
1
0
.
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h
e
is
a
c
ti
v
e
ly
in
v
o
lv
e
d
i
n
se
v
e
ra
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rg
a
n
iza
ti
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n
,
in
c
lu
d
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g
h
e
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o
f
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d
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rsin
g
C
u
rricu
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m
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m
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n
t,
As
so
c
iatio
n
o
f
In
d
o
n
e
sia
Nu
rsin
g
E
d
u
c
a
ti
o
n
Ce
n
ter
(AIN
EC),
v
ice
h
e
a
d
o
f
I
n
d
o
n
e
sia
n
P
e
d
iatric
Nu
rse
s
As
so
c
iati
o
n
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v
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P
re
sid
e
n
t
in
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d
iatric
Nu
rsin
g
Co
ll
e
g
i
u
m
,
a
n
d
is
a
m
e
m
b
e
r
o
f
Ch
il
d
,
He
a
lt
h
,
a
n
d
R
ig
h
ts Co
m
m
u
n
it
y
(CHIFA).
S
h
e
h
a
s
p
u
b
li
sh
e
d
o
v
e
r
a
d
o
z
e
n
sc
ien
ti
fic
p
a
p
e
r
i
n
m
a
jo
r
jo
u
r
n
a
ls
o
n
v
a
rio
u
s
s
u
b
jec
ts
re
late
d
t
o
p
e
d
iatric n
u
rsin
g
.
S
h
e
c
a
n
b
e
c
o
n
t
a
c
ted
a
t
e
m
a
il
:
fit
rih
a
ry
a
n
ti
@u
g
m
.
a
c
.
id
.
Fi
tr
ia
n
a
And
a
r
wa
ti
S
h
e
w
o
r
k
e
d
a
s
a
re
se
a
rc
h
a
ss
istan
c
e
in
2
0
2
2
;
w
o
rk
e
d
a
s
a
n
u
rse
a
t
Dip
o
n
e
g
o
ro
Na
ti
o
n
a
l
Ho
sp
it
a
l
i
n
2
0
1
5
-
2
0
1
7
;
wo
r
k
e
d
a
s
a
n
u
rse
a
t
th
e
UG
M
Ac
a
d
e
m
ic
Ho
sp
it
a
l
in
2
0
1
8
-
2
0
2
2
.
S
h
e
c
o
m
p
lete
d
u
n
d
e
r
g
ra
d
u
a
te
sc
h
o
o
l
a
t
Dip
o
n
e
g
o
ro
Un
iv
e
rsity
i
n
2
0
1
0
-
2
0
1
4
;
Nu
rsi
n
g
p
ro
g
ra
m
p
ro
fe
ss
io
n
a
t
Dip
o
n
e
g
o
r
o
Un
iv
e
rsit
y
in
2
0
1
4
-
2
0
1
5
.
S
h
e
is
stu
d
y
i
n
g
a
m
a
ste
r'
s
d
e
g
re
e
a
t
th
e
M
a
ste
r
o
f
N
u
rsin
g
P
ro
g
ra
m
,
F
a
c
u
lt
y
o
f
M
e
d
icin
e
,
G
a
d
jah
M
a
d
a
U
n
iv
e
rsi
ty
.
He
r
in
tere
st
in
p
e
d
iatric
n
u
rsi
n
g
a
n
d
c
o
m
m
u
n
it
y
h
e
a
lt
h
.
S
h
e
c
a
n
b
e
c
o
n
tac
ted
a
t
e
m
a
il
:
fi
tr
ian
a
a
n
d
a
rwa
ti
@u
g
m
.
a
c
.
i
d
.
H
a
n
i
Risna
w
a
ti
S
h
e
wo
r
k
e
d
a
s
a
re
se
a
rc
h
a
ss
ist
a
n
c
e
in
2
0
2
2
.
sh
e
stu
d
ied
a
t
M
a
ste
r
o
f
Nu
rsin
g
P
ro
g
ra
m
,
F
a
c
u
lt
y
o
f
M
e
d
ici
n
e
,
G
a
d
jah
M
a
d
a
Un
iv
e
rsity
.
S
h
e
c
o
m
p
lete
d
u
n
d
e
r
g
ra
d
u
a
te
sc
h
o
o
l
a
t
Un
iv
e
rs
it
y
o
f
M
u
h
a
m
m
a
d
iy
a
h
Yo
g
y
a
k
a
r
ta
in
2
0
1
6
-
2
0
2
0
;
n
u
rsin
g
p
ro
g
ra
m
p
ro
fe
ss
io
n
a
t
Un
i
v
e
rsity
o
f
M
u
h
a
m
m
a
d
iy
a
h
Yo
g
y
a
k
a
rta
in
2
0
2
0
-
2
0
2
1
.
h
e
r
in
tere
st
in
p
e
d
iatric
n
u
rsi
n
g
a
n
d
c
o
m
m
u
n
it
y
h
e
a
lt
h
.
S
h
e
c
a
n
b
e
c
o
n
tac
ted
a
t
e
m
a
il
:
h
a
n
iri
sn
a
wa
ti
@m
a
il
.
u
g
m
.
a
c
.
id
.
Le
ly
Lu
sm
il
a
sa
r
i
S
h
e
is
a
lec
t
u
re
r
a
t
S
c
h
o
o
l
o
f
Nu
rsin
g
wit
h
in
th
e
De
p
a
rtme
n
t
o
f
P
e
d
iatr
ic
a
n
d
M
a
tern
it
y
Nu
rsin
g
a
t
th
e
F
a
c
u
lt
y
o
f
M
e
d
icin
e
,
Un
iv
e
rsitas
G
a
d
jah
M
a
d
a
.
He
r
a
re
a
o
f
e
x
p
e
rti
se
i
n
c
lu
d
in
g
F
a
m
il
y
a
n
d
Ch
il
d
He
a
lt
h
Nu
rsin
g
,
In
stru
m
e
n
t
De
v
e
lo
p
m
e
n
t
a
n
d
Nu
rsi
n
g
Ed
u
c
a
ti
o
n
.
S
h
e
h
a
s
p
u
b
li
sh
e
d
se
v
e
ra
l
sc
ien
ti
fic
p
a
p
e
rs
in
m
a
jo
r
j
o
u
r
n
a
ls
o
n
v
a
rio
u
s
su
b
jec
ts
re
late
d
to
p
e
d
iatric
a
n
d
m
a
tern
it
y
n
u
rsi
n
g
.
S
h
e
c
a
n
b
e
c
o
n
tac
ted
a
t
e
m
a
il
:
lely
_
p
sik
@u
g
m
.
a
c
.
id
.
S
r
i
H
a
r
tin
i
S
h
e
is
a
lec
tu
re
r
a
t
S
c
h
o
o
l
o
f
Nu
rsi
n
g
wit
h
in
t
h
e
De
p
a
rtme
n
t
o
f
P
e
d
iatric
a
n
d
M
a
tern
it
y
Nu
rsi
n
g
a
t
th
e
F
a
c
u
lt
y
o
f
M
e
d
ici
n
e
,
U
n
iv
e
rsitas
Ga
d
jah
M
a
d
a
.
He
r
a
re
a
o
f
e
x
p
e
rti
se
in
c
lu
d
i
n
g
Emo
ti
o
n
a
l
a
n
d
b
e
h
a
v
io
ra
l
p
ro
b
lem
in
c
h
il
d
re
n
;
Ch
i
ld
re
n
wit
h
sp
e
c
ial
n
e
e
d
s;
P
e
d
iatric
n
e
u
ro
l
o
g
y
;
P
u
b
li
c
h
e
a
lt
h
.
S
h
e
h
a
s
p
u
b
li
sh
e
d
se
v
e
ra
l
sc
ien
ti
fic
p
a
p
e
rs
in
m
a
jo
r
jo
u
rn
a
ls
o
n
v
a
rio
u
s
su
b
j
e
c
ts
re
late
d
to
p
e
d
iatric
a
n
d
m
a
tern
it
y
n
u
rsi
n
g
.
S
h
e
c
a
n
b
e
c
o
n
tac
ted
a
t
e
m
a
il
:
srih
a
rti
n
i.
p
sik
@u
g
m
.
a
c
.
id
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.