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m
p
l
y
w
it
h
th
e
h
ea
lt
h
p
r
o
to
co
l
r
ec
o
m
m
e
n
d
ed
b
y
t
h
e
W
HO
th
r
o
u
g
h
t
h
e
Mi
n
is
ter
o
f
I
n
d
u
s
tr
y
C
ir
c
u
lar
Nu
m
b
er
4
o
f
2
0
2
0
as
a
f
o
r
m
o
f
i
m
p
le
m
e
n
ti
n
g
t
h
e
n
e
w
n
o
r
m
al
in
av
o
id
i
n
g
t
h
e
tr
an
s
m
i
s
s
io
n
o
f
C
OVI
D
-
19.
T
h
e
o
th
er
f
o
r
m
s
o
f
r
is
k
id
en
ti
f
ied
in
a
co
m
p
an
y
ar
e
o
p
er
atio
n
al
r
is
k
an
d
d
is
r
u
p
tio
n
r
i
s
k
.
B
ased
o
n
t
h
e
i
n
ter
n
atio
n
al
lab
o
r
o
r
g
an
izatio
n
(
I
L
O)
,
8
8
%
o
f
w
o
r
k
ac
cid
e
n
t
s
ar
e
ca
u
s
ed
b
y
u
n
s
af
e
ac
t
s
,
1
0
%
ca
u
s
ed
b
y
u
n
s
af
e
co
n
d
itio
n
s
,
an
d
2
%
ca
u
s
ed
b
y
u
n
f
o
r
eseea
b
le
f
ac
to
r
s
[
7
]
.
W
o
r
k
ac
cid
en
t
th
at
o
cc
u
r
s
ca
u
s
ed
b
y
t
h
e
u
n
s
a
f
e
ac
t
s
o
r
co
n
d
itio
n
s
is
r
elate
d
to
o
p
er
at
io
n
al
r
is
k
,
w
h
er
e
th
e
ac
cid
en
t
i
n
v
o
l
v
es
w
o
r
k
er
s
a
n
d
d
ail
y
o
p
er
atio
n
al
p
r
o
ce
s
s
es.
T
h
is
o
p
er
atio
n
al
r
is
k
co
n
tr
o
l
is
th
e
d
o
m
ai
n
o
f
H
SE
d
is
cip
li
n
e
en
f
o
r
ce
m
e
n
t
i
n
a
co
m
p
an
y
.
Di
s
r
u
p
tio
n
r
is
k
ca
n
tak
e
v
ar
io
u
s
f
o
r
m
s
,
s
u
c
h
as
n
atu
r
al
d
is
aster
s
,
te
r
r
o
r
is
t
attac
k
s
,
an
d
else
w
h
ich
ex
p
ec
ted
to
h
av
e
a
n
eg
ati
v
e
i
m
p
ac
t
[
8
]
.
T
h
is
ter
m
i
s
k
n
o
w
n
-
w
el
l
in
th
e
f
ield
o
f
s
u
p
p
l
y
ch
ai
n
,
w
h
er
e
w
h
ile
d
is
r
u
p
tio
n
o
cc
u
r
s
i
n
a
p
ar
t o
f
th
e
ch
a
in
,
th
e
o
u
tco
m
e
co
u
ld
h
a
v
e
a
m
o
r
e
s
ev
er
e
i
m
p
ac
t
o
n
th
e
o
th
er
p
ar
ts
[
9
]
.
C
o
m
p
a
n
ie
s
n
ee
d
to
i
n
teg
r
ate
d
is
r
u
p
ti
on
r
i
s
k
m
a
n
a
g
e
m
e
n
t
i
n
to
o
p
er
atio
n
al
r
is
k
m
an
a
g
e
m
en
t
[
8
]
.
L
ik
e
w
is
e
i
n
HSE
m
a
n
ag
e
m
en
t
in
a
co
m
p
a
n
y
.
A
s
a
r
es
u
lt
o
f
th
e
C
OVI
D
-
1
9
th
at
is
s
p
r
ea
d
ea
s
il
y
a
n
d
it
is
ass
u
m
ed
as
a
n
u
n
f
o
r
eseea
b
le
f
ac
to
r
,
th
e
d
is
r
u
p
tio
n
r
is
k
th
at
o
cc
u
r
s
d
u
e
to
C
OVI
D
-
1
9
n
o
tab
le
s
f
o
r
t
h
e
HSE
d
iv
is
io
n
a
n
d
co
m
p
an
y
w
o
r
k
er
s
in
ad
d
itio
n
to
e
x
is
t
in
g
o
p
er
atio
n
al
r
is
k
s
.
I
t
also
co
u
ld
h
i
n
d
er
p
r
o
d
u
ctio
n
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
a
n
d
ev
e
n
d
is
r
u
p
tiv
el
y
s
h
u
t
d
o
w
n
p
r
o
d
u
ctio
n
.
T
h
u
s
,
n
u
m
er
o
u
s
co
n
d
itio
n
s
o
f
i
m
p
le
m
e
n
ti
n
g
h
e
alth
an
d
s
a
f
et
y
i
n
co
m
p
an
ie
s
i
n
I
n
d
o
n
es
ia
is
p
r
ed
icted
to
in
cr
ea
s
e.
Du
r
in
g
t
h
e
C
OVI
D
-
1
9
p
an
d
e
m
ic
,
t
h
er
e
w
er
e
s
e
v
er
al
r
esear
ch
es
ab
o
u
t
s
a
f
et
y
p
u
b
li
s
h
ed
.
On
e
o
f
t
h
e
m
co
n
d
u
cted
s
cie
n
ti
f
ic
l
iter
atu
r
e
o
n
t
h
e
C
o
r
o
n
a
v
ir
u
s
.
T
h
e
r
esu
lt
ex
p
lai
n
s
th
at
an
in
ter
d
is
cip
l
in
ar
y
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
a
n
d
co
llectiv
e
s
cien
tific
e
f
f
o
r
ts
ar
e
n
ee
d
ed
to
h
elp
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
i
n
g
a
n
d
r
ed
u
cin
g
t
h
e
v
ar
io
u
s
s
a
f
et
y
i
m
p
ac
ts
o
f
t
h
e
C
OVI
D
-
1
9
p
an
d
e
m
ic,
i
n
ad
d
i
tio
n
to
an
u
n
d
er
s
ta
n
d
in
g
o
f
th
e
b
io
m
ed
ical
r
is
k
s
t
h
at
e
x
i
s
t
i
n
C
OVI
D
-
19
[
1
0
]
.
Oth
er
p
r
ev
io
u
s
r
esear
c
h
ex
p
l
ain
ed
th
at
C
OVI
D
-
1
9
tr
ig
g
er
s
m
u
lti
-
le
v
el
s
tr
es
s
f
o
r
d
r
iv
e
r
s
th
at
co
u
ld
f
o
r
m
b
eh
av
io
r
al
a
n
d
p
s
y
c
h
o
s
o
cial
r
esp
o
n
s
es
th
at
af
f
ec
t
t
h
eir
h
ea
lt
h
an
d
s
af
e
t
y
[
1
1
]
.
I
n
o
th
e
r
r
es
ea
r
ch
,
[
1
2
]
ap
p
lied
clin
ical
o
p
er
atio
n
lear
n
i
n
g
u
s
in
g
te
leco
n
f
er
en
ce
p
latf
o
r
m
s
d
u
e
to
th
e
i
m
p
ac
t
o
f
t
h
e
C
O
VI
D
-
1
9
p
an
d
e
m
ic.
R
esear
ch
co
n
d
u
cted
b
y
[
1
0
]
also
s
u
m
m
ar
ize
d
th
e
s
a
f
et
y
d
i
m
en
s
io
n
s
an
d
s
h
o
w
n
p
ar
ts
o
f
ea
ch
d
i
m
e
n
s
io
n
b
ased
o
n
th
e
co
m
p
ilatio
n
o
f
r
esear
ch
es
p
u
b
li
s
h
ed
d
u
r
in
g
th
e
C
OVI
D
-
1
9
.
T
h
er
e
ar
e
ten
d
i
m
en
s
io
n
s
,
i
n
clu
d
i
n
g
b
lo
o
d
s
af
et
y
,
s
u
r
g
er
y
,
o
cc
u
p
at
io
n
al
s
a
f
et
y
o
f
h
ea
l
th
ca
r
e
w
o
r
k
er
s
,
a
n
d
else
.
T
h
e
s
a
f
et
y
d
i
m
en
s
io
n
s
i
n
p
r
ev
io
u
s
r
esear
ch
es
f
o
cu
s
ed
m
o
r
e
o
n
t
h
e
m
ed
ical
s
u
b
j
ec
t
ar
ea
.
T
h
er
e
w
as
n
o
r
esear
c
h
f
o
cu
s
es
o
n
an
al
y
z
in
g
th
e
ef
f
ec
t
o
f
d
is
r
u
p
tio
n
r
is
k
o
f
C
OVI
D
-
1
9
o
n
in
cr
ea
s
in
g
s
a
f
et
y
a
w
ar
en
es
s
i
n
co
m
p
an
ie
s
.
W
ith
t
h
e
d
i
s
r
u
p
tio
n
r
is
k
o
f
C
OVI
D
-
1
9
,
an
u
n
f
o
r
eseea
b
le
f
ac
to
r
t
h
at
ca
n
en
d
a
n
g
er
wo
r
k
er
s
,
th
is
r
esear
ch
f
o
cu
s
es
o
n
i
n
v
esti
g
atin
g
w
h
et
h
er
th
er
e
i
s
an
i
n
cr
ea
s
e
(
o
r
n
o
t)
in
h
ea
lt
h
a
n
d
s
af
et
y
o
r
HSE
i
m
p
le
m
en
ta
tio
n
i
n
co
m
p
a
n
ies
ac
co
r
d
in
g
to
th
e
u
s
e
o
f
P
P
E
in
I
n
d
o
n
e
s
ia
u
s
i
n
g
s
u
r
v
e
y
s
a
n
d
s
tatis
tic
test
s
.
T
h
e
m
ea
s
u
r
e
m
e
n
t
u
s
ed
i
s
t
h
e
HSE
i
m
p
le
m
en
ta
tio
n
,
w
h
ic
h
is
n
o
t
o
n
l
y
b
ased
o
n
co
m
p
lian
ce
w
i
th
C
OVI
D
-
1
9
it
s
elf
b
u
t
also
r
elate
d
to
t
h
e
co
m
p
lian
ce
co
n
ce
r
n
in
g
o
p
er
atio
n
al
r
is
k
.
T
h
e
r
ec
o
m
m
e
n
d
atio
n
s
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
r
es
u
lt
s
ac
q
u
ir
ed
is
f
o
r
m
u
lated
u
s
in
g
th
e
s
af
e
t
y
m
o
d
el
ca
n
v
as
(
SM
C
)
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
f
o
c
u
s
g
r
o
u
p
d
i
s
cu
s
s
io
n
(
FGD)
w
it
h
cr
o
s
s
-
s
ec
to
r
al
s
af
et
y
e
x
p
er
ts
,
s
o
th
at
le
s
s
o
n
s
lear
n
ed
f
r
o
m
th
e
ex
is
te
n
ce
o
f
C
OVI
D
-
1
9
d
is
r
u
p
tio
n
r
is
k
ar
e
o
b
tain
ed
.
Su
p
p
o
s
e
th
i
s
s
t
u
d
y
p
r
o
v
es
th
a
t
t
h
er
e
h
as
b
ee
n
a
n
i
n
cr
ea
s
e
i
n
HSE
co
m
p
lia
n
c
e
in
co
m
p
a
n
ies
i
n
In
d
o
n
esia,
w
e
h
o
p
e
th
at
d
is
r
u
p
tio
n
r
is
k
o
f
C
OVI
D
-
1
9
w
i
ll
b
ec
o
m
e
a
m
o
m
e
n
tu
m
f
o
r
"
em
b
r
ac
in
g
n
ex
t
n
o
r
m
al"
in
th
e
i
m
p
le
m
e
n
tatio
n
o
f
HSE
in
co
m
p
an
ies i
n
I
n
d
o
n
es
ia.
2.
RE
S
E
ARCH
M
E
T
H
O
D
T
h
is
s
tu
d
y
e
m
p
lo
y
ed
a
cr
o
s
s
-
s
ec
tio
n
al
s
t
u
d
y
m
e
th
o
d
w
i
th
a
r
an
d
o
m
s
a
m
p
li
n
g
s
u
r
v
e
y
tech
n
iq
u
e
in
v
o
l
v
ed
w
o
r
k
er
s
f
r
o
m
v
ar
io
u
s
s
ec
to
r
s
o
f
co
m
p
an
ie
s
in
3
4
p
r
o
v
in
ce
s
i
n
I
n
d
o
n
esia.
T
h
e
s
u
r
v
e
y
u
s
ed
o
n
li
n
e
q
u
esti
o
n
n
air
e
a
n
d
s
p
r
ea
d
th
r
o
u
g
h
s
o
cial
m
ed
ia
ap
p
licatio
n
s
s
u
ch
a
s
Face
b
o
o
k
,
I
n
s
tag
r
a
m
,
W
h
at
s
A
p
p
,
an
d
T
eleg
r
am
r
an
d
o
m
l
y
.
T
h
i
s
s
t
u
d
y
u
s
es
p
r
i
m
ar
y
d
ata
o
b
tain
ed
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
s
u
r
v
e
y
b
y
e
x
p
lo
r
in
g
w
o
r
k
er
s
'
p
er
ce
p
tio
n
s
o
f
HSE
co
m
p
lia
n
ce
in
th
e
co
m
p
an
y
b
e
f
o
r
e
an
d
d
u
r
in
g
th
e
C
OVI
D
-
1
9
p
an
d
e
m
ic,
b
o
th
r
elate
d
to
th
e
u
tili
za
tio
n
o
f
P
P
E
to
m
i
n
i
m
ize
o
p
er
at
io
n
al
r
is
k
a
n
d
d
is
r
u
p
tio
n
r
is
k
f
o
r
C
OVI
D
-
1
9
.
Su
p
p
o
r
tin
g
d
ata
co
llected
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ac
ce
p
ted
an
d
v
ice
v
er
s
a.
T
ab
le
4
s
h
o
w
s
th
at
Si
g
.
v
a
lu
e
i
s
g
r
ea
ter
t
h
an
0
.
0
5
f
o
r
all
r
esp
o
n
d
en
t‟
s
ca
te
g
o
r
ies.
I
t
co
n
clu
d
ed
th
at
th
er
e
i
s
n
o
s
ig
n
i
f
ica
n
t
d
i
f
f
er
en
ce
in
t
h
e
i
n
cr
ea
s
e
i
n
HS
E
co
m
p
lian
ce
o
f
th
e
v
ar
io
u
s
c
o
m
p
a
n
ies
s
u
r
v
e
y
ed
b
ased
o
n
is
la
n
d
/ar
ch
ip
ela
g
o
lo
ca
tio
n
,
co
m
p
a
n
y
r
i
s
k
le
v
el,
a
n
d
r
esp
o
n
d
en
t
'
s
j
o
b
t
itle.
C
o
m
p
an
ies
in
th
e
is
la
n
d
s
o
f
Su
m
atr
a,
J
av
a,
B
ali
-
Nu
s
a
T
en
g
g
ar
a,
Kali
m
a
n
ta
n
,
Su
la
wesi,
an
d
Ma
lu
k
u
-
P
ap
u
a
I
s
lan
d
s
ar
e
a
w
ar
e
th
at
th
e
C
OVI
D
-
1
9
p
an
d
em
ic
ca
n
s
p
r
ea
d
to
all
l
o
ca
tio
n
s
in
I
n
d
o
n
e
s
ia
s
o
th
at
w
o
r
k
er
s
f
r
o
m
v
ar
i
o
u
s
co
m
p
an
ie
s
ar
e
m
o
tiv
a
ted
to
i
m
p
r
o
v
e
t
h
e
co
m
p
lian
ce
i
n
H
SE
i
m
p
le
m
e
n
ta
tio
n
.
C
o
m
p
an
ie
s
at
an
y
r
i
s
k
l
ev
els,
s
u
ch
as
lo
w
,
m
ed
iu
m
,
a
n
d
h
ig
h
,
ar
e
s
h
o
w
e
d
in
cr
ea
s
es
in
th
e
HSE
i
m
p
le
m
en
tatio
n
in
th
e
s
a
m
e
m
ar
g
in
.
T
h
ey
ar
e
a
w
ar
e
t
h
at
th
e
d
is
r
u
p
tio
n
r
i
s
k
o
cc
u
r
d
u
r
in
g
t
h
e
C
OVI
D
-
1
9
p
an
d
e
m
ic
ca
n
b
e
r
is
k
y
f
o
r
all
w
o
r
k
er
s
in
t
h
e
co
m
p
a
n
y
r
eg
ar
d
less
o
f
th
e
lev
e
l
o
f
r
is
k
i
n
ea
ch
in
d
u
s
tr
y
.
T
h
e
lab
o
r
a
r
e
ass
i
g
n
ed
to
a
m
o
r
e
d
an
g
er
o
u
s
w
o
r
k
en
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
t
th
an
th
e
m
a
n
a
g
er
ial
lev
e
l.
A
h
az
ar
d
o
u
s
w
o
r
k
en
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
t
c
an
af
f
ec
t
w
o
r
k
er
s
'
co
n
d
itio
n
s
s
o
th
at
t
h
e
co
m
p
an
y
p
r
o
ce
ed
e
d
to
im
p
le
m
e
n
t
a
m
o
r
e
d
is
cip
lin
ed
HSE
[
1
5
]
.
Ho
w
ev
er
,
th
e
r
es
u
lts
i
n
d
icate
d
th
a
t
w
o
r
k
er
s
f
r
o
m
al
l
m
an
a
g
e
m
e
n
t
le
v
el
e
x
p
er
ien
ce
d
an
i
n
cr
ea
s
e
i
n
HSE
co
m
p
lia
n
ce
d
u
r
i
n
g
th
e
C
O
VI
D
-
19
p
an
d
e
m
ic.
T
h
e
r
es
u
lt
s
ar
e
in
lin
e
w
ith
p
r
ev
io
u
s
r
es
ea
r
ch
,
[
1
6
]
s
tated
th
at
th
e
r
is
k
s
ca
u
s
ed
b
y
t
h
e
p
an
d
e
m
ic
d
is
ea
s
e
ar
e
n
o
t
o
n
l
y
ap
p
lied
to
ce
r
tain
p
o
s
itio
n
s
,
b
u
t a
n
y
j
o
b
titl
e
co
u
ld
r
ec
eiv
e
v
ar
io
u
s
i
m
p
ac
t
s
.
T
h
e
in
d
ep
en
d
en
t
t
-
test
u
s
ed
a
9
5
%
co
n
f
id
en
ce
le
v
el.
T
h
e
in
i
tial
h
y
p
o
t
h
esi
s
i
s
th
er
e
is
n
o
s
ig
n
if
ica
n
t
d
if
f
er
e
n
ce
i
n
th
e
i
n
cr
ea
s
e
o
f
H
SE
co
m
p
lia
n
ce
i
n
th
e
t
w
o
s
a
m
p
les
test
ed
.
I
n
T
ab
le
5
,
it
p
r
es
en
ts
t
h
e
d
ata
b
ased
o
n
th
e
o
w
n
er
s
h
ip
o
f
t
h
e
HSE
d
iv
is
io
n
an
d
HSE
MS
ce
r
tif
ica
te.
I
n
th
e
t
h
ir
d
co
lu
m
n
,
t
h
e
Si
g
.
v
al
u
e
is
s
m
a
ller
th
an
0
.
0
5
.
I
t
s
h
o
w
s
th
at
b
o
th
d
ata
w
er
e
n
o
t
h
o
m
o
g
e
n
eo
u
s
.
T
o
f
in
d
o
u
t
th
e
r
esu
l
ts
o
f
h
y
p
o
t
h
esi
s
test
i
n
g
,
r
ef
er
r
ed
to
th
e
Sig
.
(
2
-
tailed
)
o
r
s
ix
th
co
lu
m
n
in
t
h
e
r
o
w
o
f
„
eq
u
al
v
ar
ian
ce
s
n
o
t
a
s
s
u
m
ed
‟
.
B
o
th
d
ata
ca
teg
o
r
ies
h
a
d
a
v
al
u
e
b
elo
w
0
.
0
5
,
s
o
th
e
i
n
itial
h
y
p
o
th
e
s
is
w
as
r
ej
ec
ted
.
I
t
m
ea
n
s
t
h
at
t
h
er
e
is
a
s
ig
n
i
f
ica
n
t
d
if
f
er
e
n
ce
i
n
t
h
e
i
n
cr
ea
s
e
o
f
HSE
co
m
p
lia
n
ce
i
n
co
m
p
a
n
i
es
th
a
t
alr
ea
d
y
h
av
e
a
HSE
d
iv
is
io
n
o
r
HSE
MS
ce
r
tif
icate
co
m
p
ar
ed
to
co
m
p
an
ies
t
h
at
d
id
n
o
t
h
a
v
e
a
n
y
.
B
ased
o
n
th
e
s
u
r
v
e
y
r
e
s
u
l
ts
,
i
t
co
n
clu
d
ed
t
h
at
t
h
e
av
er
ag
e
p
er
ce
n
tag
e
o
f
i
n
cr
ea
s
e
in
H
SE
co
m
p
lia
n
ce
i
n
co
m
p
an
ies
th
at
alr
ea
d
y
h
av
e
a
HSE
d
iv
is
io
n
w
a
s
o
n
l
y
2
5
%,
w
h
ile
in
co
m
p
a
n
ies
th
at
d
id
n
o
t
h
a
v
e
it
w
as
3
2
.
6
6
%.
T
h
e
av
er
a
g
e
p
er
ce
n
ta
g
e
o
f
i
n
cr
ea
s
e
i
n
HS
E
co
m
p
lia
n
ce
in
co
m
p
a
n
ies
t
h
at
h
av
e
a
HSEM
S
ce
r
tif
icate
was
2
4
.
4
5
%
an
d
th
e
o
th
er
w
as
3
3
.
2
3
%.
I
t
p
r
o
v
ed
th
at
co
m
p
an
ies
w
h
ich
d
id
n
o
t
h
av
e
a
HSE
d
iv
i
s
io
n
o
r
HSEM
S
ce
r
tif
icate
h
ad
an
i
n
cr
ea
s
e
in
HSE
co
m
p
lian
c
e
d
u
r
in
g
t
h
e
C
OVI
D
-
1
9
p
an
d
em
ic
b
etter
th
a
n
co
m
p
a
n
ie
s
t
h
a
t
alr
ea
d
y
h
av
e
an
y
.
I
t
is
a
p
o
s
i
tiv
e
f
i
n
d
in
g
b
ec
a
u
s
e
th
er
e
is
a
p
h
e
n
o
m
e
n
o
n
t
h
at
d
u
r
in
g
t
h
e
p
an
d
e
m
ic,
m
a
n
y
co
m
p
an
ies ar
e
s
tar
ti
n
g
to
r
ea
lize
t
h
e
i
m
p
o
r
tan
ce
o
f
t
h
e
HSE
d
iv
is
io
n
an
d
H
SE
MS
ce
r
tif
icat
io
n
.
T
h
e
p
r
o
j
ec
ted
b
en
ef
it
o
f
th
i
s
f
in
d
i
n
g
is
t
h
at
t
h
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
c
o
m
p
an
ie
s
th
at
h
av
e
H
SE
d
iv
i
s
io
n
a
n
d
HSE
MS
ce
r
ti
f
icate
al
s
o
esti
m
ated
to
in
cr
ea
s
e.
C
o
m
p
a
n
ie
s
th
at
d
id
n
o
t
h
a
v
e
p
r
o
p
er
HSE
m
a
n
ag
e
m
e
n
t
co
u
ld
ef
f
ec
t
o
n
d
ec
r
ea
s
in
g
th
e
w
o
r
k
er
'
s
p
r
o
d
u
ctiv
i
t
y
[
1
7
]
.
T
h
e
in
cr
ea
s
ed
o
f
co
m
p
lia
n
ce
i
n
co
m
p
an
ie
s
th
at
d
id
n
o
t
h
av
e
a
HSE
d
iv
i
s
io
n
or
HSEM
S
ce
r
tif
icate
d
u
r
in
g
C
OVI
D
-
19
ex
p
lain
ed
th
at
th
e
co
m
p
a
n
y
was
tr
y
i
n
g
to
m
ain
t
ain
t
h
e
w
o
r
k
er
s
'
p
r
o
d
u
ctiv
it
y
d
u
r
in
g
a
p
an
d
e
m
ic.
3.
4
.
H
ea
lt
h a
nd
s
a
f
et
y
re
c
o
mm
e
n
da
t
io
ns
T
h
e
ex
is
te
n
ce
o
f
d
is
r
u
p
tio
n
r
i
s
k
o
f
C
OVI
D
-
1
9
,
as
a
n
u
n
f
o
r
eseea
b
le
f
ac
to
r
,
co
n
cl
u
d
ed
to
b
e
ab
le
to
p
r
o
v
id
e
a
p
o
s
itiv
e
b
e
n
ef
i
t
i
n
t
h
e
i
n
cr
ea
s
e
i
n
H
SE
co
m
p
lia
n
ce
.
T
h
e
s
h
i
f
ti
n
g
i
n
t
h
e
HSE
i
m
p
le
m
e
n
tat
io
n
t
h
at
o
cc
u
r
r
ed
in
co
m
p
an
ie
s
i
n
I
n
d
o
n
esia
i
n
d
icate
s
a
n
i
n
cr
ea
s
e
in
t
h
e
s
a
f
et
y
at
m
o
s
p
h
er
e.
I
t
d
escr
ib
ed
b
y
t
h
e
ap
p
licatio
n
o
f
h
ea
lth
p
r
o
to
co
ls
an
d
th
e
p
r
o
p
er
u
s
e
o
f
C
OVI
D
-
1
9
PP
E
s
in
ad
d
itio
n
to
th
e
u
s
e
o
f
s
ta
n
d
ar
d
P
P
E
s
.
P
r
ev
io
u
s
l
y
,
co
m
p
an
ie
s
ten
d
ed
to
im
p
le
m
en
t
HSE
s
ta
g
n
a
n
t
o
r
in
co
n
s
is
te
n
tl
y
.
C
o
n
ti
n
u
o
u
s
i
m
p
r
o
v
e
m
e
n
t
in
th
e
co
m
p
a
n
y
(
w
o
r
k
p
lace
in
n
o
v
atio
n
)
in
r
esp
o
n
s
e
to
a
p
r
o
b
le
m
atic
p
r
o
d
u
ctio
n
p
r
o
ce
s
s
i
n
f
lu
e
n
ce
s
t
h
e
HSE
i
m
p
le
m
en
ta
tio
n
[
1
8
]
.
C
o
m
p
an
ies
th
a
t
ca
r
r
y
o
u
t
i
n
n
o
v
atio
n
s
w
i
l
l
ten
d
to
b
e
co
n
s
i
s
te
n
t
i
n
i
m
p
le
m
e
n
ti
n
g
HSE
b
ec
au
s
e
th
e
y
a
l
w
a
y
s
m
a
k
e
i
m
p
r
o
v
e
m
e
n
t
s
an
d
v
ice
v
er
s
a
.
R
ec
o
m
m
e
n
d
atio
n
s
f
o
r
i
m
p
r
o
v
e
m
e
n
t
o
n
s
e
v
en
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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.
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-
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n
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n
d
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n
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a
n
d
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is
k
o
f
C
OV
I
D
-
19
(
A
d
ith
ya
S
u
d
ia
r
n
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)
73
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ec
ts
o
f
h
ea
lt
h
a
n
d
s
a
f
et
y
a
r
e
n
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I
n
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o
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esia.
B
a
s
ed
o
n
th
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h
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t
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ip
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ch
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n
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m
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d
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io
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y
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o
r
g
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izat
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lear
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t 3
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I
t
co
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ld
n
o
t
b
e
d
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ied
th
at
th
e
s
af
et
y
at
m
o
s
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h
er
e
i
n
I
n
d
o
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a
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cr
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g
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e
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u
p
tio
n
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is
k
o
f
C
O
V
ID
-
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A
lt
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o
u
g
h
th
i
s
d
is
r
u
p
tio
n
r
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k
w
il
l
d
ec
r
ea
s
e
alo
n
g
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it
h
t
h
e
d
i
s
co
v
er
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o
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h
e
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OVI
D
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v
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cin
e,
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ar
e
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e
v
er
al
p
o
s
s
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le
co
n
d
itio
n
s
f
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r
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co
m
p
lian
ce
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n
t
h
e
p
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n
e
x
t
n
o
r
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al.
Fig
u
r
e
1
is
a
b
r
ief
ill
u
s
tr
atio
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o
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th
e
p
o
s
s
ib
ilit
ies t
h
at
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ll o
cc
u
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h
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o
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al.
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
Scen
ar
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s
o
f
HSE
i
m
p
le
m
en
ta
tio
n
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ased
o
n
C
O
VI
D
-
1
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p
an
d
e
m
ic
p
er
io
d
T
h
er
e
ar
e
th
r
ee
p
o
s
s
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t
h
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s
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h
e
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e
co
n
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itio
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th
e
n
e
x
t
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o
r
m
al,
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a
m
el
y
j
az
z
s
ce
n
ar
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s
af
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t
y
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t
m
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ig
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t
h
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r
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e
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g
n
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ca
n
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y
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t
is
n
ec
es
s
ar
y
to
f
o
r
m
u
late
a
g
e
n
er
al
s
tr
ateg
y
to
co
n
tin
u
o
u
s
l
y
i
m
p
r
o
v
e
th
e
HSE
i
m
p
le
m
e
n
tatio
n
in
v
a
r
io
u
s
co
m
p
a
n
ies i
n
I
n
d
o
n
e
s
ia
t
o
p
u
r
s
u
e
t
h
e
j
az
z
s
ce
n
ar
io
.
Se
v
er
al
cr
o
s
s
-
s
ec
to
r
al
s
af
et
y
e
x
p
er
ts
f
r
o
m
ac
ad
e
m
i
cian
s
,
g
o
v
er
n
m
e
n
t,
a
n
d
b
u
s
in
ess
es
h
a
v
e
co
n
d
u
c
ted
FGD
w
it
h
r
esear
c
h
er
s
to
f
o
r
m
u
late
g
e
n
er
al
s
tr
ate
g
ie
s
th
en
th
e
r
es
u
lt
s
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
ed
in
to
th
e
s
a
f
et
y
m
o
d
el
ca
n
v
as
(
SM
C
)
.
SMC
is
a
te
m
p
la
te
d
ev
elo
p
ed
f
o
r
s
af
et
y
e
n
g
i
n
ee
r
s
to
f
o
r
m
u
late
a
s
tr
ateg
y
to
in
cr
ea
s
e
th
e
s
af
et
y
at
m
o
s
p
h
er
e
r
eg
ar
d
i
n
g
t
h
e
ex
i
s
tin
g
co
n
d
itio
n
s
o
f
ea
c
h
co
m
p
an
y
.
It
u
s
ed
t
h
e
s
a
m
e
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
as
th
e
b
u
s
i
n
es
s
m
o
d
el
ca
n
v
as
f
r
a
m
e
w
o
r
k
o
f
m
i
n
d
b
y
m
ap
p
in
g
a
co
n
d
itio
n
w
it
h
i
n
t
h
e
co
m
p
a
n
y
,
w
h
ich
i
s
w
r
itte
n
o
n
a
ca
n
v
a
s
to
co
n
ce
p
tu
alize
th
e
r
ig
h
t
b
u
s
i
n
es
s
m
o
d
el
f
o
r
t
h
e
co
m
p
a
n
y
[
1
9
,
2
0
]
.
SMC
co
n
s
is
ts
o
f
s
ev
e
n
b
u
i
ld
in
g
b
lo
ck
s
,
in
t
h
i
s
s
t
u
d
y
is
th
e
s
a
m
e
a
s
t
h
e
h
ea
lt
h
a
n
d
s
a
f
et
y
a
s
p
ec
ts
,
wh
ich
ca
n
b
e
t
h
e
m
ain
asp
ec
ts
o
f
i
m
p
r
o
v
e
m
e
n
t
to
in
cr
ea
s
e
th
e
s
a
f
et
y
at
m
o
s
p
h
er
e
in
th
e
n
e
x
t
n
o
r
m
al.
T
h
e
s
tr
ateg
y
f
o
r
m
u
latio
n
f
o
r
SMC
is
b
ased
o
n
p
er
ce
iv
ed
r
is
k
as
an
i
n
p
u
t
a
n
d
r
is
k
co
n
tr
o
lled
as
th
e
o
u
tp
u
t
o
f
th
e
c
an
v
a
s
s
i
n
g
p
r
o
ce
s
s
.
E
ac
h
co
m
p
an
y
h
a
s
d
if
f
er
en
t
ch
ar
ac
ter
is
tic
s
th
at
m
ak
e
s
th
e
ca
n
v
as
s
i
n
g
p
r
o
ce
s
s
v
ar
y
f
o
r
ea
ch
co
m
p
an
y
.
T
o
ca
r
r
y
o
u
t
th
e
ca
n
v
as
s
in
g
p
r
o
ce
s
s
,
it c
o
u
ld
r
ef
er
to
th
e
p
r
io
r
it
y
asp
ec
ts
o
b
tain
ed
f
r
o
m
th
e
r
esu
lts
o
f
f
ie
ld
o
b
s
er
v
atio
n
s
o
r
ass
ess
m
en
ts
.
T
h
e
f
o
llo
w
in
g
F
ig
u
r
e
2
s
h
o
w
s
th
e
SMC
f
o
r
m
u
la
ted
th
r
o
u
g
h
FGD
w
it
h
s
a
f
et
y
ex
p
er
ts
b
y
c
o
n
s
id
er
in
g
th
e
p
r
io
r
it
y
asp
ec
ts
o
f
h
ea
lt
h
an
d
s
af
et
y
i
n
s
u
p
p
o
r
tin
g
t
h
e
n
ex
t
n
o
r
m
a
l,
w
h
ic
h
b
ec
o
m
es
a
s
tag
e
o
r
p
ath
in
t
h
e
f
o
r
m
u
latio
n
o
f
i
m
p
r
o
v
e
m
e
n
t
s
tr
ateg
ies
at
SMC
.
Ge
n
er
ic
r
ec
o
m
m
e
n
d
atio
n
s
to
i
m
p
r
o
v
e
t
h
e
s
af
et
y
a
t
m
o
s
p
h
er
e
in
I
n
d
o
n
e
s
ia
ar
e
d
esi
g
n
ed
w
i
t
h
co
n
s
id
er
atio
n
to
v
ar
io
u
s
i
n
p
u
t
d
u
r
i
n
g
s
u
r
v
e
y
s
a
n
d
b
ased
o
n
th
e
p
r
o
f
e
s
s
io
n
al
ex
p
er
ien
ce
o
f
t
h
e
s
a
f
et
y
e
x
p
er
t
s
.
T
h
e
f
ir
s
t
a
s
p
ec
t
th
a
t
n
ee
d
to
b
e
s
tr
en
g
th
e
n
ed
is
co
m
m
it
m
e
n
t.
I
t
ca
n
b
e
i
m
p
r
o
v
ed
th
r
o
u
g
h
r
ee
n
g
i
n
ee
r
in
g
t
h
e
co
m
p
an
y
's
b
u
s
in
e
s
s
m
o
d
el
to
i
m
p
le
m
e
n
t
h
ea
lt
h
a
n
d
s
af
et
y
as
an
i
n
teg
r
al
p
ar
t
o
f
th
e
co
m
p
a
n
y
's
v
is
i
o
n
an
d
m
is
s
io
n
.
S
tr
en
g
t
h
en
in
g
HSE
co
m
m
i
t
m
e
n
t
in
a
co
m
p
a
n
y
cr
ea
tes
a
p
o
s
itiv
e
ef
f
ec
t
o
n
s
atis
f
ac
tio
n
an
d
H
SE
i
m
p
le
m
e
n
tatio
n
[
2
1
]
.
W
ith
o
u
t
a
s
tr
o
n
g
co
m
m
it
m
en
t
f
r
o
m
co
m
p
a
n
y
,
Am
p
o
n
s
a
h
-
T
a
w
ia
h
an
d
Me
n
s
a
h
b
eliev
e
t
h
at
t
h
e
w
o
r
k
er
s
te
n
d
to
p
er
f
o
r
m
w
it
h
d
r
a
w
al
b
eh
a
v
io
r
s
[
2
2
]
.
T
h
u
s
,
it
is
n
o
t
s
u
r
p
r
is
i
n
g
th
at
co
m
m
it
m
e
n
t
i
s
th
e
f
ir
s
t
p
r
io
r
ity
asp
ec
t
t
h
at
n
ee
d
s
t
o
b
e
im
p
r
o
v
ed
o
n
ef
f
o
r
ts
to
i
m
p
r
o
v
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th
e
s
af
e
t
y
at
m
o
s
p
h
er
e
i
n
I
n
d
o
n
e
s
ia.
T
h
e
s
ec
o
n
d
p
r
io
r
ity
i
s
,
ac
co
r
d
i
n
g
to
t
h
e
r
esu
lts
,
t
h
e
s
a
f
et
y
at
m
o
s
p
h
er
e
ca
n
b
e
i
m
p
r
o
v
ed
b
y
i
n
cr
ea
s
in
g
all
e
m
p
lo
y
ee
r
esp
o
n
s
ib
ilit
ie
s
in
al
l
m
a
n
ag
er
ial
l
in
e
s
.
A
r
ef
er
e
n
ce
s
w
r
i
tten
b
y
[
2
3
]
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N:
2
2
5
2
-
8
8
0
6
I
n
t.
J
.
P
u
b
lic
Hea
lth
Sci.
Vo
l.
1
0
,
No
.
1
,
Ma
r
ch
20
21
:
68
–
76
74
s
tated
t
h
at
t
h
e
i
s
s
u
e
o
f
HSE
is
a
s
h
ar
ed
r
esp
o
n
s
ib
ili
t
y
f
o
r
e
v
er
y
o
n
e
t
h
u
s
m
u
s
t
b
e
p
r
io
r
itized
.
T
h
e
th
ir
d
asp
ec
t
is
e
n
g
a
g
e
m
en
t
a
n
d
in
v
o
l
v
e
m
e
n
t,
w
h
ic
h
ca
n
b
e
i
m
p
r
o
v
ed
b
y
in
cr
ea
s
i
n
g
t
h
e
s
p
ir
it
o
f
co
lla
b
o
r
atio
n
a
m
o
n
g
al
l
ele
m
e
n
ts
o
f
th
e
d
iv
i
s
io
n
i
n
t
h
e
co
m
p
an
y
.
T
h
is
r
ec
o
m
m
e
n
d
atio
n
i
s
s
u
p
p
o
r
ted
b
y
[
2
3
,
2
4
]
th
at
to
r
ed
u
ce
th
e
lev
el
o
f
w
o
r
k
ac
cid
en
t
s
,
th
e
c
o
o
p
er
atio
n
b
etw
ee
n
all
p
ar
ties
an
d
en
g
a
g
e
m
en
t
b
et
w
ee
n
all
w
o
r
k
er
s
i
s
n
ee
d
ed
.
T
h
e
f
o
u
r
t
h
p
r
io
r
it
y
b
ased
o
n
th
e
r
e
s
u
l
ts
o
f
t
h
e
s
u
r
v
e
y
an
d
FGD
i
s
t
h
e
asp
ec
t
o
f
lead
er
s
h
ip
t
h
at
ca
n
b
e
i
m
p
r
o
v
ed
th
r
o
u
g
h
e
f
f
o
r
ts
to
s
t
r
en
g
t
h
e
n
th
e
r
o
le
o
f
to
p
m
an
a
g
e
m
e
n
t
to
p
r
o
v
id
e
a
g
o
o
d
ex
am
p
le
an
d
s
u
p
er
v
is
e
th
e
i
m
p
le
m
e
n
tatio
n
o
f
HSE
p
o
licies
.
A
cc
o
r
d
in
g
to
[
2
5
,
2
6
]
,
p
r
o
v
id
in
g
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
an
d
s
u
p
er
v
is
io
n
ca
n
b
e
d
o
n
e
f
r
o
m
to
p
to
lo
w
m
a
n
a
g
e
m
en
t
to
im
p
r
o
v
e
t
h
e
s
a
f
et
y
at
m
o
s
p
h
er
e
in
th
e
co
m
p
a
n
y
.
T
h
e
to
p
m
a
n
a
g
e
m
e
n
t
al
s
o
r
esp
o
n
s
ib
le
to
m
ai
n
tai
n
th
e
s
a
f
et
y
a
n
d
h
ea
l
th
o
f
w
o
r
k
en
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
t
i
n
clu
d
i
n
g
th
e
k
n
o
w
le
d
g
e
o
f
o
cc
u
p
atio
n
al
h
az
ar
d
s
a
n
d
t
h
e
co
m
m
it
m
e
n
t
to
p
r
o
m
o
te
t
h
e
s
a
f
et
y
i
m
p
le
m
en
tatio
n
in
co
m
p
a
n
y
[
2
7
]
.
T
h
e
f
i
f
th
asp
ec
t
is
co
m
p
ete
n
ce
t
h
at
ca
n
b
e
i
m
p
r
o
v
ed
th
r
o
u
g
h
co
n
ti
n
u
o
u
s
a
n
d
s
tr
u
ctu
r
ed
HSE
tr
ai
n
in
g
ac
ti
v
it
ies.
B
ased
o
n
[
2
8
]
,
ef
f
o
r
t
s
to
i
n
cr
ea
s
e
co
m
p
ete
n
ce
t
h
r
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g
h
s
a
f
et
y
tr
ai
n
i
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g
ca
n
d
ir
ec
tl
y
a
f
f
ec
t
th
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
o
f
HS
E
i
m
p
le
m
en
ta
tio
n
.
Ne
x
t
is
th
e
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
an
d
co
m
m
u
n
icati
o
n
asp
ec
t
,
w
h
ic
h
ca
n
b
e
i
m
p
r
o
v
ed
th
r
o
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g
h
th
e
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
o
f
a
ce
n
tr
alize
d
HSE
d
atab
ase.
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est
p
r
ac
tices
f
o
r
i
m
p
le
m
en
tin
g
h
ea
lt
h
a
n
d
s
af
et
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i
n
s
ev
er
a
l
co
m
p
a
n
ies
i
n
E
u
r
o
p
e,
ac
co
r
d
in
g
to
[
2
9
]
,
s
h
o
w
s
th
at
a
ce
n
tr
alize
d
HSE
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
a
n
d
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
ch
an
n
el
ca
n
f
ac
ili
tate
ac
ce
s
s
t
o
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
to
p
u
r
s
u
e
t
h
e
b
etter
HSE
in
th
eir
co
m
p
a
n
ies.
T
h
e
last
asp
ec
t
o
f
th
e
p
r
io
r
it
y
f
o
r
i
m
p
r
o
v
in
g
s
a
f
et
y
at
m
o
s
p
h
er
e
s
ca
le
is
o
r
g
a
n
i
za
ti
o
n
al
lear
n
in
g
.
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ca
n
b
e
i
m
p
r
o
v
ed
th
r
o
u
g
h
t
h
e
p
r
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v
is
io
n
o
f
f
ac
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ities
th
at
m
ak
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h
e
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h
ar
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k
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led
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e
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m
t
h
e
s
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cc
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s
s
f
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l
HSE
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m
p
le
m
e
n
tatio
n
in
th
e
co
m
p
a
n
y
.
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h
r
o
u
g
h
t
h
is
o
r
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a
n
izatio
n
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lear
n
i
n
g
,
co
m
p
an
ie
s
ca
n
lear
n
f
r
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m
e
x
p
er
ien
ce
s
o
f
p
r
ev
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s
s
u
cc
es
s
an
d
m
i
s
tak
e
s
,
th
u
s
co
m
p
a
n
ie
s
ca
n
ad
ap
t a
n
d
d
ev
elo
p
th
e
b
etter
h
ea
lth
-
s
a
f
et
y
m
eth
o
d
s
[
3
0
]
.
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
Saf
et
y
m
o
d
el
ca
n
v
as
f
o
r
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m
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t r
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o
m
m
e
n
d
atio
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o
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p
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x
t n
o
r
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al
3.
5
.
L
i
m
it
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t
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n
T
h
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d
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ed
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li
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ir
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ed
ia
ap
p
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.
T
o
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1
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0
2
7
r
esp
o
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en
ts
w
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e
o
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r
an
d
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m
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s
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tter
ed
f
r
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m
a
ll
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er
I
n
d
o
n
esia
.
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t
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s
s
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i
s
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t
u
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y
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as
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itatio
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s
t
h
at
s
h
o
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l
d
b
e
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n
d
er
s
to
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.
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w
as
a
cr
o
s
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-
s
ec
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y
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n
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o
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HSE
co
m
p
l
ian
ce
(
in
th
e
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)
at
th
e
b
eg
i
n
n
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g
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t
h
e
C
OVI
D
-
19
p
an
d
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m
ic
in
I
n
d
o
n
e
s
ia.
T
h
er
e
w
er
e
n
o
d
ata
co
u
ld
b
e
o
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tain
e
d
r
eg
ar
d
in
g
ac
cid
en
t
r
ate
a
n
d
C
OVI
D
-
1
9
v
ict
i
m
s
f
r
o
m
ea
ch
co
m
p
a
n
y
s
u
r
v
e
y
ed
.
T
h
e
d
ata
p
r
esen
t
ed
w
a
s
s
el
f
-
r
ep
o
r
ted
d
e
p
en
d
in
g
o
n
t
h
e
r
esp
o
n
d
en
ts
'
h
o
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es
t
y
an
d
o
b
j
ec
tiv
it
y
to
g
i
v
e
f
ee
d
b
ac
k
.
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h
is
co
n
d
itio
n
m
a
y
r
e
s
u
lt
in
i
n
f
o
r
m
atio
n
b
ias.
Desp
ite
th
at
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th
i
s
s
t
u
d
y
p
r
o
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id
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v
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ar
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r
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ce
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w
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d
H
SE
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m
p
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ce
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t
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e
s
tr
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m
ai
n
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m
o
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p
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er
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th
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ex
t n
o
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m
a
l.
4.
CO
NCLU
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N
T
h
e
C
OVI
D
-
1
9
p
an
d
e
m
ic
h
as
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m
p
ac
ted
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h
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w
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r
ld
,
i
n
clu
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n
g
I
n
d
o
n
e
s
ia.
Ge
n
er
a
ll
y
,
H
SE
i
m
p
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m
en
ta
tio
n
in
v
ar
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s
co
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p
a
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ie
s
in
I
n
d
o
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h
as
b
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in
cr
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in
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in
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in
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o
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m
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ad
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y
o
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u
j
i Rah
ar
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o
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RE
F
E
R
E
NC
E
S
[1
]
Ku
m
a
r,
D.,
M
a
lv
i
y
a
,
R.
,
a
n
d
S
h
a
rm
a
.
P
K.,
“
Co
ro
n
a
V
ir
u
s:
A
Re
v
ie
w
o
f
COV
ID
-
1
9
,
”
Eu
ra
s
ia
n
J
o
u
r
n
a
l
o
f
M
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icin
e
a
n
d
On
c
o
lo
g
y
,
v
o
l.
4
,
n
o
.
1
,
p
p
.
8
-
2
5
,
2
0
2
0
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d
o
i:
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tt
p
:/
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d
o
i.
o
rg
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0
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1
4
7
4
4
/ejm
o
.
2
0
2
0
.
5
1
4
1
8
.
[2
]
W
HO
,
“
Ro
ll
in
g
u
p
d
a
tes
o
n
c
o
ro
n
a
v
iru
s
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ise
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se
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ID
-
1
9
)
,
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lt
h
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g
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0
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0
.
[
On
li
n
e
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.
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il
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b
le:
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tt
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ww
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s
-
2
0
1
9
/ev
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ts
-
as
-
th
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-
h
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p
p
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n
.
[3
]
Ja
c
k
so
n
,
JK
,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
G
lo
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a
l
Eco
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o
m
ic
Eff
e
c
ts
o
f
COV
ID
-
1
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,
”
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n
g
re
ss
io
n
a
l
Res
e
a
rc
h
S
e
rv
ice
,
2
0
2
0
.
[
O
n
li
n
e
].
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a
il
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le:
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tt
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d
f
.
[4
]
UN
DP
,
“
P
u
tt
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n
g
T
h
e
UN
F
ra
m
e
w
o
rk
F
o
r
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sp
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id
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1
9
I
n
to
A
c
ti
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n
:
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sig
h
ts
,
”
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f
Pre
p
a
re
d
By
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h
e
Un
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d
Na
ti
o
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s
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v
e
lo
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me
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t
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g
ra
mm
e
(UN
DP
),
2
0
2
0
.
[
O
n
li
n
e
]
.
A
v
a
il
a
b
le:
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tt
p
s:/
/www
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u
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d
p
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id
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.
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tm
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.
[5
]
A
S
E
A
N
Bio
d
ias
p
o
ra
Virtu
a
l
C
e
n
ter,
“
Risk
As
se
ss
m
e
n
t
f
o
r
In
tern
a
ti
o
n
a
l
Diss
e
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in
a
ti
o
n
o
f
CO
V
ID
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1
9
to
th
e
A
S
E
A
N
Re
g
io
n
,
”
Rep
o
rt
g
e
n
e
ra
ted
b
y
A
S
EA
N
Bi
o
d
i
a
sp
o
r
a
Vi
rt
u
a
l
Ce
n
ter
(
AB
VC),
2
0
2
0
.
[
O
n
li
n
e
]
.
A
v
a
il
a
b
le:
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tt
p
s:/
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ID
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_
Re
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rt
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of
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EAN
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B
io
Dia
sp
o
ra
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Re
g
io
n
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l
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-
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n
ter_
1
1
No
v
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r2
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0
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p
d
f
[6
]
Ke
m
e
n
tri
a
n
P
e
rin
d
u
str
ian
Re
p
u
b
l
ik
In
d
o
n
e
sia
,
“
T
h
e
M
in
istry
o
f
In
d
u
stry
En
su
re
s
In
d
u
strial
A
c
ti
v
it
ies
a
n
d
Co
v
id
-
1
9
P
re
v
e
n
ti
o
n
P
ro
to
c
o
ls
Ca
n
G
o
T
o
g
e
th
e
r
/
Ke
me
n
p
e
rin
Pa
stika
n
Ke
g
ia
t
a
n
I
n
d
u
stri
d
a
n
Pro
t
o
k
o
l
Pen
c
e
g
a
h
a
n
Co
v
id
-
1
9
Da
p
a
t
Ber
ja
la
n
Ber
irin
g
a
n
,
”
Offi
c
ia
l
W
e
b
site
o
f
Ke
me
n
tria
n
Per
in
d
u
stri
a
n
Re
p
u
b
li
k
In
d
o
n
e
sia
,
1
4
A
p
ri
l
2
0
2
0
.
[
On
li
n
e
]
.
A
v
a
il
a
b
le:
h
tt
p
s://
k
e
m
e
n
p
e
rin
.
g
o
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[7
]
Ke
ç
e
c
i
,
Ş
.
,
“
Risk
P
e
rc
e
p
ti
o
n
a
n
d
Un
sa
f
e
Be
h
a
v
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in
Oc
c
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ti
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a
l
He
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lt
h
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n
d
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f
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ty
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In
ter
n
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ti
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n
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l
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o
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rn
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if
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g
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d
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ti
o
n
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n
d
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rs
h
ip
,
v
o
l
.
5
,
n
o
.
1
,
p
p
.
1
-
4
,
2
0
1
9
.
[8
]
P
a
ri
h
a
r,
DS
,
a
n
d
Ra
h
u
l
,
M.,
“
A
Re
v
ie
w
o
n
S
u
p
p
ly
Ch
a
in
Disru
p
ti
o
n
:
M
a
n
a
g
in
g
Risk
,
”
T
h
e
In
ter
n
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
r
n
a
l
o
f
Bu
sin
e
ss
&
M
a
n
a
g
e
me
n
t,
v
o
l.
2
,
n
o
.
7,
p
p
.
2
3
6
-
2
4
1
,
2
0
1
4.
[9
]
Ch
a
p
m
a
n
,
P.
,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
I
d
e
n
ti
f
y
in
g
a
n
d
M
a
n
a
g
in
g
S
u
p
p
ly
Ch
a
in
Vu
l
n
e
ra
b
il
it
y
,
”
L
o
g
ist
ics
a
n
d
T
ra
n
s
p
o
rt
F
o
c
u
s,
v
o
l
.
4
,
n
o
.
4
,
p
p
.
5
9
-
7
0
,
2
0
0
2
.
[1
0
]
Ha
g
h
a
n
i,
M
,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
T
h
e
S
c
ien
t
if
ic
L
it
e
r
a
tu
re
o
n
Co
r
o
n
a
v
iru
se
s,
COV
ID
-
1
9
a
n
d
Its
A
ss
o
c
iate
d
S
a
f
e
t
y
-
re
l
a
ted
Re
se
a
r
c
h
Di
m
e
n
sio
n
s: A
S
c
ien
to
m
e
tri
c
A
n
a
l
y
sis
a
n
d
S
c
o
p
i
n
g
Re
v
iew
,
”
S
a
fety
S
c
ien
c
e
,
v
o
l.
1
2
9
,
p
p
.
1
-
8
,
2
0
2
0
,
d
o
i
:
h
tt
p
s:/
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6
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.
ss
c
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2
0
2
0
.
1
0
4
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0
6
[1
1
]
L
e
m
k
e
,
M
K.,
A
p
o
sto
lo
p
o
u
lo
s
,
Y.
,
A
n
d
S
o
n
m
e
z
,
S.,
“
S
y
n
d
e
m
i
c
F
ra
m
e
w
o
rk
s
to
Un
d
e
rsta
n
d
th
e
Ef
f
e
c
ts
o
f
COV
ID
-
1
9
o
n
Co
m
m
e
rc
ial
Dri
v
e
r
S
tres
s,
He
a
lt
h
,
A
n
d
S
a
fe
t
y
,
”
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
T
ra
n
sp
o
rt
&
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a
lt
h
,
v
o
l.
1
8
,
p
p
.
1
-
5,
2
0
2
0
,
d
o
i
:
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tt
p
s:/
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.
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h
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2
0
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7
[1
2
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A
d
e
so
y
e
,
T
.
,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
Op
ti
m
iza
ti
o
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o
f
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rg
ica
l
Re
sid
e
n
t
S
a
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ty
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n
d
Ed
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ti
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n
Du
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ID
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1
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P
a
n
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m
ic
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o
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s L
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d
,
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o
u
rn
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l
o
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u
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ica
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ti
o
n
,
2
0
2
0
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d
o
i:
h
tt
p
s:
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2
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[1
3
]
Ba
d
a
n
P
u
sa
t
S
tatisti
k
,
“
Be
rit
a
Re
s
m
i
S
tatisti
k
,
”
Offi
c
ia
l
Rep
o
rt o
f
Ba
d
a
n
P
u
sa
t
S
ta
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isti
k
,
2
0
2
0
.
[
On
l
in
e
].
A
v
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il
a
b
le :
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tt
p
s:/
/www
.
b
p
s.g
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site/m
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d
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2
0
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3
2
_
.
p
d
f
[1
4
]
Co
o
k
,
T
M
.
,
“
P
e
rso
n
a
l
P
r
o
tec
ti
v
e
Eq
u
i
p
m
e
n
t
Du
rin
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th
e
Co
ro
n
a
v
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s
Dise
a
se
(COV
ID)
2
0
1
9
P
a
n
d
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m
ic
-
a
N
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rra
ti
v
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Re
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,
”
An
a
e
sth
e
sia
,
v
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l
.
7
5
,
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o
.
7
,
p
p
.
9
2
0
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7
,
2
0
2
0
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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.
P
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Sci.
Vo
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1
0
,
No
.
1
,
Ma
r
ch
20
21
:
68
–
76
76
[1
5
]
Zac
h
a
ra
to
s,
A
,
Ba
rli
n
g
,
J.,
a
n
d
Iv
e
rso
n
,
RD.,
“
Hig
h
-
P
e
rf
o
rm
a
n
c
e
W
o
rk
S
y
st
e
m
s
A
n
d
Oc
c
u
p
a
ti
o
n
a
l
S
a
f
e
t
y
,
”
J
o
u
rn
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l
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A
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9
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1
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p
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[1
6
]
Do
n
th
u
,
N
.
,
a
n
d
G
u
sta
f
s
so
n
,
A
.
,
“
Eff
e
c
ts
o
f
COV
ID
-
1
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n
Bu
sin
e
ss
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n
d
Re
se
a
rc
h
,
”
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o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
Bu
s
in
e
ss
Res
e
a
rc
h
,
v
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l.
1
1
7
,
p
p
.
2
8
4
-
2
8
9
,
2
0
2
0
.
[1
7
]
U
m
u
g
w
a
n
e
z
a
,
C
,
Nk
e
c
h
i,
IE,
a
n
d
M
u
g
a
b
e
,
JB.,
“
Ef
f
e
c
t
o
f
W
o
rk
p
lac
e
S
a
fe
t
y
a
n
d
He
a
lt
h
P
ra
c
ti
c
e
s
o
n
Em
p
lo
y
e
e
Co
m
m
it
m
e
n
t
a
n
d
P
e
rf
o
rm
a
n
c
e
in
S
tee
l
M
a
n
u
f
a
c
tu
rin
g
Co
m
p
a
n
ies
in
Rw
a
n
d
a
,
”
Eu
ro
p
e
a
n
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
Bu
sin
e
ss
a
n
d
M
a
n
a
g
e
me
n
t
Res
e
a
rc
h
,
v
o
l.
4
,
n
o
.
5
,
2
0
1
9
.
[1
8
]
Jilch
a
,
K
,
Kitaw
,
D.,
a
n
d
Be
sh
a
h
,
B.
,
“
W
o
rk
p
lac
e
In
n
o
v
a
ti
o
n
I
n
f
lu
e
n
c
e
On
Oc
c
u
p
a
ti
o
n
a
l
S
a
f
e
t
y
a
n
d
He
a
lt
h
,
”
Af
ric
a
n
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
S
c
ien
c
e
,
T
e
c
h
n
o
lo
g
y
,
In
n
o
v
a
ti
o
n
a
n
d
De
v
e
lo
p
me
n
t,
v
o
l
.
8
,
n
o
.
1
,
p
p
.
3
3
-
4
2
,
2
0
1
6
.
[1
9
]
Jilch
a
,
K
.
,
a
n
d
Kitaw
,
D.,
“
In
d
u
s
tri
a
l
Oc
c
u
p
a
ti
o
n
a
l
S
a
f
e
ty
a
n
d
He
a
lt
h
In
n
o
v
a
ti
o
n
F
o
r
S
u
sta
i
n
a
b
le
De
v
e
lo
p
m
e
n
t”,
En
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
S
c
ien
c
e
a
n
d
T
e
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
,
a
n
I
n
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
,
v
o
l
.
2
0
,
issu
e
1
,
p
p
.
3
7
2
-
3
8
0
,
2
0
1
7
.
[2
0
]
Jo
y
c
e
,
A
a
n
d
P
a
q
u
i
n
,
RL
,
“
T
h
e
T
rip
le
L
a
y
e
re
d
Bu
sin
e
ss
M
o
d
e
l
Ca
n
v
a
s:
A
T
o
o
l
to
De
sig
n
M
o
re
S
u
sta
in
a
b
l
e
Bu
sin
e
ss
M
o
d
e
ls”
,
J
o
u
r
n
a
l
o
f
Clea
n
e
r P
ro
d
u
c
ti
o
n
,
v
o
l.
1
3
5
,
p
p
.
1
4
7
4
-
1
4
8
6
,
2
0
1
6
.
[2
1
]
Ba
y
ra
m
,
M.,
“
T
h
e
M
a
n
a
g
e
m
e
n
t
Co
m
m
it
m
e
n
t
to
OH
S
,
Em
p
lo
y
e
e
S
a
ti
s
f
a
c
ti
o
n
a
n
d
S
a
f
e
t
y
P
e
rf
o
r
m
a
n
c
e
:
A
n
Em
p
iri
c
a
l
S
tu
d
y
,
”
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
L
a
tes
t
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
a
n
d
M
a
n
a
g
e
me
n
t
Res
e
a
rc
h
(
IJ
L
EM
R
),
v
o
l.
3
,
n
o
.
7
,
p
p
.
6
3
-
7
1
,
2
0
1
8
.
[2
2
]
T
a
w
iah
,
K
A
.
,
a
n
d
M
e
n
sa
h
,
J.,
“
Oc
c
u
p
a
ti
o
n
a
l
He
a
lt
h
a
n
d
S
a
f
e
t
y
a
n
d
Org
a
n
iza
ti
o
n
a
l
C
o
m
m
it
m
e
n
t:
Ev
id
e
n
c
e
f
ro
m
th
e
G
h
a
n
a
ian
M
in
in
g
In
d
u
stry
,
”
S
a
fety
a
n
d
He
a
l
th
a
t
W
o
rk
,
v
o
l
.
7
,
n
o
.
3
,
p
p
.
2
2
5
-
2
3
0
,
2
0
1
6
.
[2
3
]
Ka
y
n
a
k
,
R.
,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
Ef
f
e
c
ts
o
f
Oc
c
u
p
a
ti
o
n
a
l
He
a
lt
h
a
n
d
S
a
f
e
t
y
P
ra
c
ti
c
e
s
o
n
Org
a
n
iza
ti
o
n
a
l
Co
m
m
it
m
e
n
t,
W
o
rk
A
li
e
n
a
ti
o
n
,
a
n
d
Jo
b
P
e
rf
o
rm
a
n
c
e
:
Us
in
g
th
e
P
L
S
-
S
EM
A
p
p
ro
a
c
h
,
”
In
ter
n
a
t
io
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
Bu
sin
e
ss
a
n
d
M
a
n
a
g
e
me
n
t,
v
o
l.
1
1
,
n
o
.
5
,
p
p
.
1
4
6
-
16
6
,
2
0
1
6.
[2
4
]
W
a
c
h
ter,
J
K.,
a
n
d
Yo
rio
,
P
L
.
,
“
A
s
y
ste
m
o
f
sa
f
e
t
y
m
a
n
a
g
e
m
e
n
t
p
r
a
c
ti
c
e
s
a
n
d
w
o
rk
e
r
e
n
g
a
g
e
m
e
n
t
fo
r
re
d
u
c
i
n
g
a
n
d
p
re
v
e
n
ti
n
g
a
c
c
id
e
n
ts:
A
n
e
m
p
iri
c
a
l
a
n
d
th
e
o
re
ti
c
a
l
in
v
e
stig
a
ti
o
n
,
”
Acc
id
e
n
t
A
n
a
lys
is
&
Pre
v
e
n
ti
o
n
,
v
o
l.
6
8
,
p
p
.
117
-
1
3
0
,
2
0
1
4
.
[2
5
]
Nd
e
g
w
a
,
PW
,
G
u
y
o
,
W
.
,
Or
w
a
,
G
.
,
a
n
d
Ng
‟a
n
g
‟a
,
R.
,
“
Th
e
In
f
lu
e
n
c
e
o
f
M
a
n
a
g
e
m
e
n
t
S
u
p
p
o
rt
i
n
th
e
Im
p
le
m
e
n
tatio
n
o
f
Oc
c
u
p
a
ti
o
n
a
l
S
a
f
e
t
y
a
n
d
He
a
lt
h
P
r
o
g
ra
m
m
e
s
in
th
e
M
a
n
u
f
a
c
tu
rin
g
S
e
c
to
r
in
Ke
n
y
a
,
”
In
ter
n
a
t
io
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
Ac
a
d
e
mi
c
Res
e
a
rc
h
in
B
u
sin
e
ss
a
n
d
S
o
c
i
a
l
S
c
ien
c
e
,
v
o
l
.
4
,
n
o
.
9
,
p
p
.
4
9
0
-
50
6
,
2
0
1
4
.
[2
6
]
T
a
p
p
u
ra
,
S.
,
S
y
v
ä
n
e
n
,
S.,
a
n
d
S
a
a
re
la
,
KL
.
,
“
Ch
a
ll
e
n
g
e
s
a
n
d
Ne
e
d
s
f
o
r
S
u
p
p
o
rt
i
n
M
a
n
a
g
in
g
Oc
c
u
p
a
ti
o
n
a
l
He
a
lt
h
a
n
d
S
a
f
e
t
y
f
ro
m
M
a
n
a
g
e
rs‟ V
iew
p
o
i
n
ts,
”
No
r
d
ic j
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
wo
rk
i
n
g
li
fe st
u
d
ies
,
v
o
l
.
4
,
n
o
.
3
,
p
p
.
3
1
-
51
,
2
0
1
4
.
[2
7
]
Nd
e
rit
u
,
R
,
M
w
a
u
ra
,
P
.
,
a
n
d
G
ic
h
u
h
i,
D.,
“
M
a
n
a
g
e
m
e
n
t
c
o
m
m
it
m
e
n
t
in
f
lu
e
n
c
e
o
n
im
p
le
m
e
n
tatio
n
o
f
o
c
c
u
p
a
ti
o
n
a
l
h
e
a
lt
h
a
n
d
sa
f
e
t
y
p
o
li
c
ies
in
w
a
ter
a
n
d
sa
n
it
a
ti
o
n
c
o
m
p
a
n
ies
in
N
y
e
ri
Co
u
n
ty
,
Ke
n
y
a
,
”
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
Res
e
a
rc
h
in
B
u
sin
e
ss
a
n
d
S
o
c
ia
l
S
c
ien
ce,
v
o
l.
8
,
n
o
.
6
,
p
p
.
3
2
1
-
3
3
0
,
2
0
1
9
.
[2
8
]
Zw
e
tslo
o
t,
G
IJM.
,
e
t
a
l,
“
T
h
e
Im
p
o
rtan
c
e
o
f
Co
m
m
it
m
e
n
t,
Co
m
m
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
,
Cu
lt
u
re
a
n
d
L
e
a
rn
in
g
f
o
r
th
e
Im
p
le
m
e
n
tatio
n
o
f
T
h
e
Zero
A
c
c
i
d
e
n
t
V
isi
o
n
i
n
2
7
C
o
m
p
a
n
ies
in
E
u
ro
p
e
,
”
S
a
fety
S
c
ien
c
e
,
v
o
l.
9
6
,
p
p
.
2
2
-
3
2
,
2
0
1
7
.
[2
9
]
Ba
y
ra
m,
M.,
“
S
a
fe
t
y
T
r
a
in
in
g
a
n
d
Co
m
p
e
ten
c
e
,
E
m
p
lo
y
e
e
P
a
rti
c
ip
a
ti
o
n
a
n
d
In
v
o
lv
e
m
e
n
t,
E
m
p
lo
y
e
e
S
a
ti
s
f
a
c
ti
o
n
,
a
n
d
S
a
f
e
t
y
P
e
rf
o
r
m
a
n
c
e
:
A
n
Em
p
iri
c
a
l
S
tu
d
y
On
Oc
c
u
p
a
ti
o
n
a
l
He
a
lt
h
A
n
d
S
a
f
e
t
y
M
a
n
a
g
e
m
e
n
t
S
y
ste
m
Im
p
le
m
e
n
ti
n
g
M
a
n
u
f
a
c
tu
rin
g
F
irms
,
”
Al
p
h
a
n
u
me
ric
J
o
u
rn
a
l
-
T
h
e
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
Op
e
ra
ti
o
n
s
Res
e
a
rc
h
,
S
ta
ti
stics
,
Eco
n
o
me
trics
a
n
d
M
a
n
a
g
e
me
n
t
I
n
fo
rm
a
t
io
n
S
y
ste
ms
,
v
o
l.
7
,
n
o
.
2
,
p
p
.
3
0
1
-
3
1
8
,
2
0
1
9
.
[30]
Ba
lk
isso
o
n
,
M
N.,
“
Oc
c
u
p
a
ti
o
n
a
l
S
a
fe
t
y
a
n
d
He
a
lt
h
in
Org
a
n
iza
t
io
n
a
l
S
trate
g
y
,
”
Glo
b
a
l
En
c
y
c
lo
p
e
d
ia
o
f
Pu
b
li
c
Ad
min
istr
a
ti
o
n
,
Pu
b
li
c
P
o
li
c
y
,
a
n
d
Go
v
e
rn
a
n
c
e
,
p
p
.
1
-
1
0
,
2
0
1
6
,
d
o
i:
1
0
.
1
0
0
7
/9
7
8
-
3
-
3
1
9
-
3
1
8
1
6
-
5
_
2
7
4
7
-
1
.
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