Int
ern
at
i
onal
Journ
al of
P
u
bli
c Hea
lt
h
Sc
ie
nce (IJPH
S)
Vo
l.
6
,
No.
4
,
D
ece
m
ber
201
7
, pp.
288
~
292
IS
S
N:
22
52
-
8806
,
DOI: 10
.11
591/
ij
phs
.
v6
i
4
.
8
065
288
Journ
al h
om
e
page
:
http:
//
ia
esj
ou
r
nal.co
m/
on
li
ne/in
dex
.php
/
IJPHS
Demogr
aphy
a
nd
Fee
din
g Practi
ces
o
f IC
U Patien
t
o
f
Govern
ment
a
n
d Privat
e Hospit
als
o
f J
orhat
District
, Ass
am
Bord
olo
i PL
,
Baro
oah
MS
, M.
Gog
oi
Depa
rtment
o
f
F
ood
Scie
n
ce a
nd
Nutrit
ion
,
Col
lege
of
Hom
e
Sc
ience
,
Jorhat
,
As
sa
m
,
India
Art
ic
le
In
f
o
ABSTR
A
CT
Art
ic
le
history:
Re
cei
ved
Sep
1
3
, 201
7
Re
vised
N
ov
1
7
, 2
01
7
Accepte
d
Dec
2
, 2
01
7
The
a
im
of
the
pre
sent
stud
y
w
as
to
anal
y
z
e
th
e
cha
r
acte
rist
ic
s
and
fee
d
ing
pra
ctice
s
of
p
atient
admitt
ed
to
m
edi
ci
ne
ICUs
.
All
r
el
ev
ant
c
li
nical
and
die
t
ar
y
informat
ion
were
col
l
ect
ed
for
pa
ti
en
ts
a
dm
it
te
d
to
ICUs
of
select
ed
Governm
ent
and
priva
te
hospit
als
of
Jorhat
distri
ct
,
As
sam
.
Thi
s
informati
on
was
abstra
c
te
d
with
the
hel
p
of
pre
-
stru
ct
ur
ed
sche
dul
e
from
t
he
Medi
ca
l
Rec
ord
Depa
r
tment
and
In
te
nsiv
e
Care
Uni
t
tea
m
and
ana
l
y
sed
.
A
tot
al
of
1034
pat
i
ent
s
were
admit
te
d
dur
ing
the
stud
y
per
iod.
Major
ity
of
the
pa
ti
en
t
s
(49.
61%)
were
f
rom
the
age
gro
up
of
60
y
e
ars
an
d
above
.
Ma
jori
t
y
in
ci
den
c
e
of
disea
ses
i
s
a
rea
son
of
admiss
ion
in
ICUs
of
both
the
hospitals
w
as
non
-
comm
unic
abl
e
disea
ses
and
pa
ti
ent
s
were
ad
m
it
te
d
via
emer
gency
OP
D.
Highest
le
ngth
of
sta
y
of
10
-
1
5da
y
s
was
obse
rve
d
among
the
m
aj
ority
o
f
pat
i
ent
from
gov
ern
m
ent
hospita
l
while
it
was
sh
orte
r
(
6
-
10da
y
s)
for
priva
te
hospita
l
.
The
d
ai
l
y
fe
edi
ng
p
atter
n
of
e
ac
h
of
the
patient
s
w
as
rec
orde
d
.
Pati
ent
s
depe
nd
ent
on
hom
ema
de
ble
nder
iz
ed
foods
for
nutri
ti
onal
suppor
t
were
m
ore
in
Governm
ent
hospita
l
whil
e
compa
re
to
the
p
at
i
ent
using
both
the
comm
erc
i
al
f
orm
ula
e
as
well
as
hom
emade
food
ti
ll
the
la
st day
of
st
a
y
i
n
priva
t
e
hospita
ls
.
Inc
rea
sed
cost
of
hospita
li
zati
on
and
bet
te
r
o
utc
om
e
of
pat
i
ent
in
t
erms
of
short
sta
y
at
hospita
ls
and
be
tt
er
nutr
it
ion
al
s
ta
tus
of
the
pat
i
ent
admitted
to
priva
t
e
hospit
al
s
were
not
fea
s
ibl
e
for
low
inc
o
m
e
groups
pat
i
ent
s
admitt
e
d
in
Governm
ent
hospita
l
.
The
r
esult
s
of
the
pre
sent
stu
d
y
will
hel
p
th
e
n
ee
d
of
form
ulation
and
dev
elopm
ent
of
pat
i
ent
spec
if
ic
hom
emade
foods
with
it
s
ingre
d
ie
nts
used
and
n
utri
ti
on
al
req
uir
ement
in
i
t
are
t
ake
n
a
cc
ou
nt
for
both
ora
l
and
ent
er
al
f
eedings
in
the
ho
spita
ls
with
highe
r
stand
ard
val
ues
with
a
ll
d
emons
tra
t
io
n
on
the
d
evelopm
ent
of
protoc
ols
for
cle
an
t
ec
hniqu
es
in
the
pre
p
ara
t
ion,
safe
h
andl
ing
a
nd
storag
e
of
handmade
entera
l
fe
eds
.
Ke
yw
or
d:
Feedin
g
p
racti
ces
In
te
ns
ive
ca
re
un
it
Len
gth
of
s
ta
y
Pati
ent
d
em
og
r
aph
ic
Copyright
©
201
7
Instit
ut
e
o
f Ad
vanc
ed
Engi
n
ee
r
ing
and
S
cienc
e
.
Al
l
rights re
serv
ed
.
Corres
pond
in
g
Aut
h
or
:
Moloya
Gog
oi
,
Assistant
Pro
f
essor,
Departm
ent of
Foo
d
Sci
ence a
nd Nutri
ti
on
,
Coll
ege
of
H
om
e Science,
A
ssam
A
gr
ic
ultu
ral U
niv
e
rsit
y,
Jo
r
hat
-
7850
13
,
I
ndia
,
m
ob
il
e n
o:
0708
6893911
.
Em
a
il
:
m
olo
yag
og
oi02@
gm
a
il
.co
m
1.
INTROD
U
CTION
Pati
ents
In
te
nsi
ve
Ca
re
U
nit
(
ICU)
;
Pati
e
nt
dem
og
ra
phic
;
Leng
t
h
of
sta
y;
Feedin
g
pr
act
i
ces
adm
itted
in
ICUs
ha
ve
com
plex
nu
trit
ion
al
n
ee
ds
an
d
re
qu
ire
inte
nsi
ve
an
d
nutrit
ion
al
input
w
hi
ch
beco
m
es
a
la
rg
e
and
e
xpensi
ve
com
p
on
e
nt
of
m
od
ern
heal
th
care
[
1]
-
[
4].
Nu
t
riti
on
al
thera
py
play
s
an
im
po
rtant
r
ole
in
ov
e
rall
outc
om
e
of
the
patie
nt
s.
It
f
un
ct
io
ns
on
pr
ov
i
ding
t
he
best
nu
trit
io
nal
s
upport
ai
m
ed
at
in
div
id
ualiz
ed
sh
ort
-
te
rm
benefici
al
eff
ect
s
of
the
stres
s
re
sp
onse
to
in
jur
y
or
il
lness,
an
d
to
m
ini
m
iz
e
t
he
long
-
te
rm
h
arm
fu
l
conseq
ue
nces
of m
al
nu
trit
ion d
ue
to
ins
uffic
ie
nt nutrit
ion d
ur
i
ng the stay
.
In
I
CU
,
patie
nt
s
are
treat
ed
w
it
h
li
fe
su
pp
or
t
ing
treat
m
ent
i
nclu
ding
the
ra
peu
ti
c
diet
unde
r
intensi
ve
m
on
it
or
ing
.Adv
a
ncem
ent
in
the
care
of
pa
ti
ents
has
bee
n
associat
ed
with
a
sig
nificant
increase
us
a
ge
s
of
a
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IJPHS
IS
S
N:
22
52
-
8806
Demo
gr
ap
hy a
nd Fee
ding Pr
actic
es o
f
ICU
Patie
nt
of Gov
ernment
and P
riv
ate Hos
pitals
....
(
B
or
doloi
PL)
289
la
rg
e
nu
m
ber
of both
co
m
m
ercial
f
or
m
ulae and hom
e
m
ade en
te
ral
diets as n
utriti
on
al
s
up
port for
hos
pital
iz
ed
patie
nts
with
di
ff
ere
nt
co
nd
it
ion
s
.
This
stu
dy
will
identify
and
help
to
de
velo
p
a
databa
se
on
v
ari
ou
s
patie
nt
relat
ed
i
nfor
m
at
ion
i
nclu
ding
patie
nt
dem
ography
a
nd
c
harac
te
risti
cs
tog
e
ther
with
the
de
ta
il
s
on
dia
gnos
is,
le
ng
th
of
sta
y
in
the
IC
U
an
d
fee
ding
prac
ti
ces
du
ri
ng
t
he
sta
y
fo
r
bo
t
h
the
G
ov
e
rn
m
ent
as
well
as
pri
vate
ho
s
pital
s
an
d
will
giv
e
t
owa
rd
s
i
ns
ig
ht
int
o
the
nee
d
of
ens
ur
in
g
pro
pe
r
healt
h
ca
re
with
pr
op
e
r
nutrit
ion
al
su
pp
or
t
.
2.
RESEA
R
CH MET
HO
D
A
retr
ospect
iv
e
stud
y
was
c
onduct
ed
in
t
he
m
edical
intensive
unit
of
Jo
r
hat
Me
dical
Coll
ege
&
Ho
s
pital
(JMC
H)
,
a
governm
ent
hos
pital
an
d
the
pr
ivate
ho
s
pital
nam
ely
Jo
r
hat
Ch
ris
ti
an
Me
dic
al
Ce
ntre
(JCMC
),
J
orha
t,
Assam
,
cat
ering
to
t
he
popu
la
ti
on
of
nea
rby
areas
of
J
orh
at
district
.
A
cl
inica
l
database
of
al
l
the
co
ns
ec
utiv
e
adm
issi
on
to
m
edici
ne
ICU
s
of
both
t
he
hosp
it
al
s
wer
e
colle
ct
ed
f
or
a
per
i
od
of
6
m
on
t
hs
from
O
ct
ob
er
2015 to
A
pr
il
2
01
6.
Pati
ents
wer
e a
dm
i
tt
ed
ei
ther
from
the
e
m
erg
ency u
ni
t
, f
ro
m
an
oth
e
r
wards
or
re
ferre
d
fro
m
oth
er
hosp
it
al
s
.D
at
a
wer
e
colle
ct
ed
from
the
m
edical
re
cord
de
par
tm
e
nt,
ICU
lo
gbook
a
nd
patie
nt
m
edical
records
wit
h
the
hel
p
of
a
pre
-
str
uctu
re
d
s
chedule.
For
e
ach
patie
nt,
in
f
or
m
at
i
on
on
ba
sel
ine
dem
og
ra
ph
ic
data
,
to
gethe
r
with
detai
ls
on
dia
gnos
is,
date
of
ICU
adm
i
ssion
,
pri
m
ary
reasons
for
th
e
adm
issi
on
,
un
de
rly
ing
disease
an
d
s
urvival
st
at
us
(
death
or
discha
rg
e
f
r
om
ICUs
)
wer
e
re
corde
d.
T
he
fe
edin
g
pr
act
ic
es
in
t
he
ICUs
from
the
day
of
adm
issi
on
ti
ll
the
day
of
discha
r
ge
w
ere
rec
orde
d.
At
the
en
d,
le
ngth
of
sta
y
(LO
S
)
at
ICUs
was
asse
ssed
as
t
he
nu
m
ber
of
days
f
ro
m
adm
issi
on
to
the
IC
U
to
discha
rg
e
fro
m
the
ICU.
2.1.
St
ati
stic
al ana
lysis
Descr
i
ptive
an
al
ysi
s
of
the
sal
ie
nt
factor
s
resu
lt
in
g
in
adm
issi
on
to
ICUs
a
nd
dieta
ry
relat
e
d
inf
or
m
at
ion
wer
e
desc
ribe
d
in
te
rm
s
of
m
e
an
an
d
sta
ndar
d
de
viati
on
an
d
ra
ng
e
.
Ca
te
go
rical
var
ia
ble
s
were
expresse
d
as
a
ct
ual num
ber
a
nd p
e
rc
e
ntage.
3.
RESU
LT
S
A
ND D
I
SCUS
S
ION
Durin
g
the
st
udy
pe
rio
d,
1034
patie
nts
were
adm
i
tt
ed
to
I
CU
com
pr
isi
ng
16
9
num
ber
s
of
patie
nts
from
Jo
rh
at
M
edical
Coll
ege
and
H
ospit
al
(JMCH)
a
nd
86
5
f
ro
m
Jo
r
hat
Christi
an
Me
dical
Ce
ntre
(JC
MC
),
Jo
r
hat,
Assam
.
Sixty
three
pe
rcen
t
wer
e
m
ale
wh
il
e
37
%
wer
e
fem
al
e
b
ei
ng
a
rati
o
of
m
al
e
to
fe
m
al
e
1:06.
This
obser
vati
on
is
in
li
ne
w
it
h
repor
ts
f
rom
oth
er
stu
dies
[5
]
-
[7
]
.
T
he
m
ean
age
of
th
e
total
po
pula
ti
on
was
58.92+
13.89
ye
ars
co
ver
i
ng
a
age
ranges
from
14
to
102
ye
ars
wh
il
e
res
ults
from
diff
eren
t
stu
dies
re
veale
d
lowe
r
m
ean
ag
e
[
5],[
8
]
as w
el
l
as h
ig
her
m
ea
n
a
ge
[
6
]
,[
8
]
,[9
]
.
Table 1
sho
ws
t
hat
a
lm
os
t
fifty
three
p
erc
ent o
f
the
total
popul
at
ion
we
re
a
ge
d
bet
ween
40
-
60
ye
a
rs,
49.61%
a
ged
60ye
ars
an
d
a
bove
and
13.
44%
be
twe
e
n
the
age
gro
up
of
20
-
40
ye
ars
.
Ver
y
le
ss
nu
m
ber
of
patie
nt
in
the
age
strat
a
of
5
-
20
ye
ars
i
n
both
the
ho
s
pital
s
wer
e
obser
ve
d.
The
m
ajo
r
reli
gion
of
patie
nts
wer
e
Hind
u
(
84.62%
)
f
ollo
wed
by
Musli
m
(4
.
54
%
)
a
nd
oth
e
r
(10.8
3%) res
pe
ct
ively
.
Table
1.
Dem
og
ra
ph
ic
of
Pati
ent Adm
itted
to JMCH
and
J
CM
C
Accord
i
ng
to t
he
Age
Ag
e strata/
Ho
sp
ital
Jo
rhat Medical Co
l
leg
e &
Ho
sp
ital (
Go
v
t.
H
o
sp
ital)
Jo
rhat Ch
ristian
M
ed
ical
Cen
tre
(P
rivate Nu
rsin
g
)
Total
n
%
n
%
n
%
Sex
Male
103
6
0
.94
544
6
2
.89
647
6
2
.57
Fe
m
ale
66
3
9
.06
321
3
7
.10
387
3
7
.42
Ag
e
60
-
an
d
abo
v
e
54
3
1
.95
459
5
3
.06
513
4
9
.61
40
-
6
0
y
rs.
67
3
9
.64
280
3
2
.37
347
5
3
.35
20
-
4
0
y
rs.
35
2
0
.71
104
1
2
.02
139
1
3
.44
5
-
2
0
y
rs.
13
7
.69
5
1
.73
28
2
.7
Race/R
elig
io
n
Hin
d
u
123
7
2
.78
752
8
6
.93
875
8
4
.62
Mus
li
m
26
1
5
.38
21
2
.43
47
4
.54
Oth
ers
20
1
1
.83
92
1
0
.63
112
1
0
.83
Most
patie
nts
(79.8
9%)
were
adm
itted
fro
m
ou
tpati
ent
cl
inic
wh
il
e
20.
30%
we
re
f
r
om
gen
eral
ho
s
pital
wa
rd
s
an
d
re
ferre
d
f
ro
m
diff
e
ren
t
ho
s
pital
s.
Abo
ut
90%
of
the
popula
ti
on
w
ere
re
ferre
d
f
r
om
the
e
m
erg
ency
de
par
tm
ent
,
4%
wer
e
from
the
ho
s
pital
s
wa
rds
an
d
6%
we
re
from
ref
err
e
d
from
oth
er
hos
pital
s
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IS
S
N
:
2252
-
8806
IJPHS
V
ol.
6
, No
.
4
,
Decem
ber
20
1
7
:
288
–
292
290
.D
ist
rib
utio
n
of
patie
nts
acco
rd
i
ng
t
o
the
di
agnoses
on
a
dm
issi
on
is
gi
ve
n
in
Table
2.
D
ia
betes
m
ellit
u
s
al
one
and
with
c
om
plica
ti
on
was
found
highest
a
m
on
g
511
(
49.
42%)
fo
ll
owe
d
by
car
diac
dis
eases
221
(
21.
00%),
acute
re
sp
irat
ory
fail
ure
197
(19.0
0%)
w
hile
ve
ry
fe
w
ca
ses
of
poiso
ni
ng
(
1.1
6%)
an
d
in
fecti
ous
di
seas
es
(1.35%
)
w
ere
r
ecorde
d.
Table
2.
Distri
bu
ti
on
of
Pati
e
nts Acc
ordi
ng
to the
Diag
nos
es
on
Ad
m
issi
on
Diseas
es d
iag
n
o
ses
at
th
e ti
m
e of
ad
m
i
ss
io
n
Jo
rhat Medical Co
l
leg
e
Ho
sp
ital (
n
=1
6
9
)
Jo
rhat Ch
ristian
M
ed
ical
Cen
tre
(n=8
6
5
)
Total (N
=1
0
3
4
)
n
%
Acu
te r
esp
irato
ry f
ailu
re
51
146
197
1
9
.00
Card
iac dis
eases
26
195
221
2
1
.00
Acu
te & ch
ron
ic r
en
al f
ailu
re
3
17
20
1
.93
Diab
etic and
diab
e
tic with co
m
p
lic
ati
o
n
s
59
452
511
4
9
.42
Neu
rolo
g
ical dis
eases
2
3
5
0
.48
Inf
ectio
u
s d
iseas
es
9
5
14
1
.35
Acciden
ts
8
13
21
2
.03
Po
iso
n
in
g
5
7
12
1
.16
Oth
ers
6
27
33
3
.19
Re
cord
on
fee
ding
pract
ic
es
of
eac
h
patie
nt
durin
g
their
st
ay
in
ICUs
we
re
eval
uated
a
nd
f
ound
that
ind
ic
at
io
n
of
a
rtific
ia
l
feed
in
g
within
24
ho
ur
s
of
IC
U
ad
m
issi
on
in
both
the
IC
Us
of
gove
rn
m
ent
and
pri
vat
e
ho
s
pital
s
we
re
com
m
on
to
m
ajo
rity
of
pa
ti
ent
wh
il
e
ve
r
y
le
ss
cou
ld
ta
ke
oral
ly
.
Di
stribu
ti
on
of
pa
ti
ents
accor
ding
to
the
fee
ding
pr
a
ct
ic
es
is
giv
en
in
Table
3.
S
even
hund
red
and
t
we
nty
two
patie
nt
s
out
of
10
34
wer
e
fed
bo
t
h
the
hom
e
m
ade
and
c
omm
ercial
ly
avail
able
fo
rm
ulae
of
w
hi
ch
95.
29
per
c
ent
of
patie
nts
wer
e
from
Jo
rh
at
Christi
an
Me
dical
Ce
ntre
only
.
Usag
e
of
only
ho
m
e
m
ade
blen
derdised
food
a
s
nutri
ti
on
a
l
su
pp
or
t
f
or
bot
h
the
or
al
an
d
enteral
feed
i
ng
was
seen
high
est
in
JMC
H
(7
5.1
5%
)
w
hile
it
was
on
ly
18.16%
in
JCM
C
wh
ic
h
was
sim
i
la
r
to
fin
dings
re
porte
d
in
stud
y
carried
ou
t
by
Kh
a
n
et
al.
[1
0
]
.
Ma
jo
rity
of
the
patie
nts
(
79.
53%)
f
ro
m
the
J
CM
C
us
ed
bo
th
hom
e
m
ade
as
well
as
the
com
m
ercial
f
or
m
ulae
for
fe
edin
g
pur
po
se
.
Com
m
ercial
fo
rm
ulae
us
e
d
al
one
as
feed
i
ng
pur
po
s
es
was
rec
orde
d
in
ver
y
le
ss
popula
ti
on
(
4.7
3%
)
a
m
on
g
t
he
pati
ents
adm
it
te
d
i
n
JMC
H
a
nd
1.8
4%
in
JCM
C
.
Prov
isi
on
of
t
otal
par
e
ntal
nutrit
ion
t
o
m
ajo
rity
of
the
patie
nts
both
in
JMC
H
(89.9
4%)
a
nd
JCM
C
(
93.
06%)
we
re
found
a
s
the
pr
i
m
ary
patie
nt
tr
eatm
ent
reg
im
en.
Ad
m
i
nistrati
on
of
S
upplem
ental
p
aren
te
ral
fee
di
ng
was
rec
orde
d
in
pat
ie
nt
of
la
tt
er
feed
in
g
da
ys
to
com
pen
sat
e
f
or
te
m
po
rar
y
r
edu
ct
io
n
i
n
th
e
am
ou
nt
of
daily
enteral
f
eedin
g
du
e
as
so
m
e
com
pli
cat
ion
s
com
ing
up
du
rin
g
long
te
rm
feed
in
g
of
en
te
ral
feed
in
g
or
to
m
e
t
the
e
xtra
dem
and
of
the
patie
nts.
Th
e
com
m
on
or
al
fo
od
hom
e
m
a
d
e
blend
e
r
dised
foo
ds
us
e
d
f
or
enteral
fee
ding
to
the
patie
nts
wer
e
rice
grue
l,
so
ft
rice,
dal
s
oup,
khichidi
,
veg
et
able
s
oup,
dali
a
,
fruit
juice
both
t
he
fr
es
h
a
nd
te
rta
pack
e
d,
r
oti,
bisc
uits,
ric
e
and
cu
rr
y,
boil
ed
e
gg,
pithag
ur
i
(
rice
flo
ur), br
ea
d,
ap
p
le
,
c
ake,
m
agg
i, g
l
ucose, h
orl
ic
ks,
cerela
c
a
nd
m
il
k
et
c.
Ou
t
of
these
f
oods
,
f
or
enter
al
feed
ing
ho
m
e
m
ade
blederd
ise
d
foo
d
li
ke
khichidi
,
dal,
so
up,
veg
et
a
ble
so
up,
fruit
j
uices
et
c
.
we
re
m
os
tl
y
us
e
d
am
on
g
th
e
lowe
r
inc
ome
popula
ti
on.
Am
on
g
the
co
m
m
ercial
ly
a
vaila
ble
form
ulae
in
the
m
ark
et
,
Pent
asur
e
DM,
P
entasu
re
Ba
la
nc
e,
Pe
ntasu
re
HP
,
Bi
o
-
powe
r,
E
nsure
,
He
papr
o,
Am
ia
cael
and
Kab
i
pro
et
c,
wer
e
use
d
f
or
enteral
feed
in
g
al
ong
with
the
hom
e
m
ade
fo
ods
by
wel
l
to
do
popula
ti
on
.
Table
3.
Distri
bu
ti
on
of
Pati
e
nts Acc
o
rd
i
ng
to the
Feedi
ng
Pr
act
ic
es
Ho
sp
itals
Feed
in
g
practices (
o
ral
an
d
enteral
)
Parental n
u
trition
Ho
m
e
m
ad
e f
o
o
d
o
n
ly
Co
m
m
e
rcial
f
o
r
m
u
lae
o
n
ly
Bo
th
ho
m
e
m
ad
e
&
co
m
m
e
rcial
f
o
r
m
u
lae on
ly
n
%
n
%
n
%
n
%
Jo
rhat Medical Co
l
leg
e &
Ho
sp
ital (
n
=1
6
9
)
127
7
5
.15
8
4
.73
34
2
0
.11
152
8
9
.94
Jo
rhat Ch
ristian
M
ed
ical
Cen
tre
(n=8
6
5
)
161
1
8
.61
16
1
.84
688
7
9
.53
805
9
3
.06
Total (N
=1
0
3
4
)
288
2
7
.85
24
0
.62
722
6
9
.82
957
9
2
.55
The
le
ng
t
h
of
sta
y
of
a
dm
itte
d
cases
in
ICU
s
was
eval
uated
f
r
om
the
day
adm
itted
to
I
CUs
to
t
he
discha
rg
e
day
from
ICUs
(F
i
g
ure
1)
a
nd
it
was
f
ound
that
m
ajo
rity
(
54.
43%)
of
patie
nt
adm
i
tt
ed
to
JMC
H
sta
ye
d
for
a
durati
on
of
10
-
15
d
ay
s whil
e 66.
13
pe
r
cent
of
patie
nts fro
m
p
rivate h
ospit
al
(JCMC
)
sta
ye
d 6
-
10
days
bein
g
a
m
ean
of
8.34
+
2.5
d
ay
s
f
or
th
e
whole
popul
at
ion
.
T
he
m
ea
n
LO
S
f
or
in
di
viduals
ICU
s
episo
des
in
dif
fer
e
nt
st
ud
ie
s
rev
e
al
s
com
par
at
ively
lowe
r
m
ean
Los
ra
nge
of
4to
67
days
[
9
]
,
[1
1
]
-
[1
3
]
an
d
higher
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IJPHS
IS
S
N:
22
52
-
8806
Demo
gr
ap
hy a
nd Fee
ding Pr
actic
es o
f
ICU
Patie
nt
of Gov
ernment
and P
riv
ate Hos
pitals
....
(
B
or
doloi
PL)
291
range
of
13.4
t
o
15.
2 days [
7].
The
re w
e
re
no sig
nificant
re
la
ti
on
b
et
w
een
the
disease
dia
gnos
e
d
a
nd
le
ngth
of
sta
y(p=0.0
5).
Lo
ng
e
r
le
ng
t
h
of
sta
y
(L
OS)
has
bee
n
desc
r
ibed
am
on
g
t
he
patie
nts
adm
it
te
d
to
Gove
r
nm
ent
ho
s
pital
resu
lt
ing
in
a
dv
e
rse
ou
tc
om
es
and
increase
d
healt
h
costs
co
oper
at
ively
in
case
of
patie
nt
adm
i
tt
ed
to
pr
i
vate
ho
s
pital
s
[
14
]
,[1
5
]
.
I
nt
ensive
cares
i
n
the
IC
Us
al
ong
with
us
e
of
c
omm
ercial
ly
a
vaila
ble
s
upple
m
ents
tim
e
ly
in
pr
i
va
te
h
ospit
al
w
e
r
e one
of the
re
aso
n
f
or s
hort s
ta
y i
n
ICU
s.
Fig
ure
1. Distri
bu
ti
on
of
patie
nts acc
ordin
g
t
o
le
ngth
of sta
y at
I
CU
4.
CONCL
US
I
O
N
The
fi
nd
i
ng
s
of
the
prese
nt
stud
y
s
howe
d
shorter
sta
y
an
d
bette
r
nutrit
iona
l
ou
tc
om
e
a
m
ong
patie
nts
of
pr
i
vate
hos
pital
com
par
ed
with
the
patie
nts
adm
it
te
d
i
n
go
vernm
ent
ho
s
pital
s
w
hich
m
ay
be
du
e
to
the
prof
e
ssio
nal
intensi
ve
care
and
us
e
of
c
omm
ercial
ly
a
vaila
ble
pro
du
ct
s
al
ong
with
hom
e
m
ade
foo
ds
.
Howe
ver, m
any p
at
ie
nts have
to depe
nd
on
ho
m
e
m
ade f
oo
ds
or foods
sup
plied
from
the h
ospit
al
k
it
che
n.
T
he
resu
lt
s o
f
the
present
stu
dy
wi
ll
help
i
n
fu
l
fill
ing
t
he
nee
d
for
f
orm
ulati
on
a
nd
de
vel
op
m
ent
of p
at
ie
nt speci
fic
ho
m
e
m
ade
foo
ds
ta
ki
ng
acc
ounts
of
t
he
in
gredie
nts
us
e
d
a
nd
nutrit
ion
al
r
equ
i
rem
ent
of
bo
t
h
oral
an
d
e
nteral
feed
i
ng
s
in
t
he
hosp
it
al
.
C
onside
rati
on
of
al
l
po
s
sible
safety
prot
ocol
durin
g
form
ulati
on
a
nd
fe
edin
g
pr
act
ic
es
will
help
t
o
u
se
th
ese
hom
e
m
ad
e
foo
ds
at
pa
r
with
the
c
om
m
ercially
avail
able
form
ul
ae
for
nu
t
riti
on
al
s
up
port.
REFERE
NCE
S
[1]
W
unsch
H
.
,
et
al.
,
“
Vari
at
ion
i
n
cri
tica
l
ca
r
e
services
ac
ross
North
Am
eri
ca
and
W
este
rn
Eu
rope
,”
Crit
Care
Me
d
.
,
vol
.
17
,
pp
.
2787
–
2793
,
20
08
.
[2]
R
.
Mirand
a
D
.
,
e
t
al
.
,
“
Int
ensive
ca
re
unit
s
in
d
e
l
ande
n
v
an
d
e
Eu
rope
se
Gem
ee
ns
cha
p
,”
M
edi
sch
Contac
t
,
vol
.
17
,
pp.
921
–
925
,
19
97
.
[3]
Jac
obs
P
.
and
N
oseworth
y
T
.
W.
,
“
Nati
onal
estim
at
es
of
int
ensive
ca
re
ut
il
i
za
t
io
n
and
costs:
Cana
da
and
the
Unit
ed
Stat
es
,”
Crit
Care
Me
d
.
,
vol
.
17
,
pp.
1282
–
1286
,
1990
.
[4]
Sirio
C
.
A
.
,
et
a
l.
,
“
A
cro
ss
-
cul
t
ura
l
compari
son
of
cr
it
i
cal
c
are
del
iv
er
y
:
Jap
an
and
th
e
Unit
ed
Stat
es
,”
Ch
est
,
v
ol
.
17,
pp
.
539
–
548
,
2002
.
[5]
B.
Du,
et
a
l.
,
“
Chara
c
te
rist
ic
s
of
cri
tica
lly
i
ll
pa
tients
in
pat
ie
nts
i
n
ICUs
in
m
ai
nla
nd
China
,”
Crit
.
Care
Me
d.
,
vol
.
38,
pp
.
2311
-
8
,
2010
.
[6]
M.
Maniou,
“
Mea
surem
ent
of
p
at
i
ent
s’
admiss
ions
to
an
int
ens
ive
c
are
uni
t
of
cre
t
e
,
”
Healt
h
scie
nc
e
Journal
,
vol/
issue: 3
(3)
,
p
p.
469
-
478
,
201
2
.
[7]
M.
H.
Sherine
,
e
t
al.
,
“
Predic
tor
s
of
hospita
l
l
eng
th
of
sta
y
among
Eg
y
p
ti
an
El
de
rl
y
,”
Lif
e
Sc
i.
J
.
,
vol/
issue:
10
(4)
,
pp.
166
-
170
,
20
13
.
[8]
J.
Bel
a
y
a
chi,
et
al.
,
“
Fact
ors
pre
dic
ti
ng
m
orta
l
ity
in
el
der
l
y
patien
ts
admitt
ed
to
a
Morocc
an
m
edi
c
al
int
ensiv
e
c
ar
e
uni
t,”
S.
A
fr.
J.
Crit
.
Care
,
vo
l/
i
ss
ue:
28
(1)
,
pp.
22
-
27
,
2012
.
[9]
Garl
and
A
.
,
et
al.
,
“
Epi
demiolo
g
y
critical
l
y
till
patient
s
in
in
tens
ive
c
are
unit:
a
popul
at
ion
ba
sed
observa
t
ion
al
stud
y
,
”
Cri
ti
ca
l care
,
vo
l. 17, pp.
R212
,
2013
.
[10]
M.
N.
Khan,
et
al.
,
“
Deve
lopme
nt
of
ene
rg
y
d
en
se
cost
eff
ective
om
e
m
ade
ent
e
r
al
fee
d
for
naso
gastri
c
fe
edi
ng
,”
Journal
of
Nurs
ing
and
Heal
th
S
ci
en
ce
,
vol
/i
ss
ue
:
4
(3)
,
pp.
34
-
41
,
2015
.
[11]
W
ei
ss
m
an
C.
,
“
Anal
y
sing
int
en
sive
ca
r
e
unit
l
e
ngth
of
sta
y
s
da
ta
:
p
robl
em
and
poss
ibl
e
situa
tions
,”
Crit.
Car
e
Me
d
.,
vol
/i
ss
ue:
25(9)
,
pp
.
1594
-
1600
,
1997
.
[12]
Sprung
C
.
L.
,
e
t
al.
,
“
Evalua
ti
o
n
of
tri
age
for
i
nte
nsive
c
are
ad
m
ission,
”
Crit.
Care
Me
d
.
,
vol
/
issue:
27(2)
,
pp
.
1073
-
1079
,
199
9
.
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
1-
5d
ay
s
6-
10d
ay
s
10
-
15
d
ay
s
15
-
20
d
ay
s
20
an
d
a
b
o
v
e
Pat
ie
nt
ad
mit
t
ed
t
o
ICU
s (
%)
L
ength
of
st
ay
(
L
OS
)
J
MCH
J
CMC
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IS
S
N
:
2252
-
8806
IJPHS
V
ol.
6
, No
.
4
,
Decem
ber
20
1
7
:
288
–
292
292
[13]
Borse
R
.
T
.,
et
al
.
,
“
Com
par
is
ion
of
d
emogra
phic
,
clini
ca
l
,
r
adi
ologica
l
ch
ar
ac
t
eri
sti
cs
and
comorbidit
i
es
in
m
edi
cha
ni
ca
l
l
y
vent
ilat
es
and
non
-
van
y
il
a
te
d
a
dult
patient
s
ad
m
it
te
d
in
ICU
with
conf
irms
diagnos
is
of
infl
ue
nza
A (H1N1)
,”
J.
o
f
the A
ss
oc. of P
h
ysic
ians o
f
India
,
vol.
61
,
pp
.
17
-
25
,
2013
.
[14]
M.
D
.
S
.
Hubert
,
et
al
.
,
“
Risk
fac
tors
pre
dicting
la
t
er
func
ti
on
al
dec
l
ine
in
old
er
hospita
lized
pa
tients
,”
A
ct
a
Cl
in
.
Be
lg
.
,
vol. 64, p
p.
187
-
194
,
200
3
.
[15]
H.
Um
ega
ki
and
F.
S.
Ando,
“
Fact
ors
associa
t
ed
with
long
hospita
l
s
tay
in
ge
ria
tr
ic
wards
in
Japa
n
,”
Geriatr.
Gerontol
Int
.
,
vo
l.
3
,
pp
.
120
-
127
,
2003
.
BI
OGRAP
HI
ES
OF
A
UTH
ORS
Prem
il
a
L
.
Bord
oloi
As
sistant
Profess
or,
Depa
rtmen
t
of
Food
Scie
n
ce
and
Nutri
ti
on
As
sam
Agric
ult
ura
l
Univer
sit
y
,
Jorhat,
As
sam
.
Phone
Num
ber
s :
0
-
8486039583
Email
ID
:
pr
emila
jmch13@gm
ail.
com
Serve
d
as
Research
As
socia
t
e in A
ll
Indi
an
Co
-
or
dina
t
ed
Rese
arch Proje
c
t
for
10
y
e
ars
Serve
d
as
Dietic
ia
n
for
5
y
e
ars in
Jorhat
Med
ical
Coll
ege a
nd
Hos
pit
al,
Jorh
at
,
As
sam
.
W
orking
as
As
sistant
Profess
or
i
n
As
sam
Agric
ul
tura
l
Uni
ver
sit
y
since
2015
Public
ation
:R
ese
arc
h
p
ape
r
-
3,
Abs
tra
ct
-
1
,
Boo
k
cha
pt
er,
Pos
te
r
pre
sent
at
ion
(2
),
Popula
r
art
i
cl
e
-
2
Dr.
(Mrs
)
Mridu
la
Sa
iki
a
Baroo
a
h
Profess
or,
In
-
c
har
ge
Ac
ade
m
ic
Cel
l
D
epa
rtmen
t
of
Food
Scie
n
ce
and
Nutrition
,
Coll
ege
of
Hom
e
Scie
nc
e,
As
sam
Agric
ult
ura
l
Univ
ersit
y
,
J
orha
t
-
785013
Mobile
no
:
9435
0
50682
E.
m
ai
l
ID:
m
sba
rooa
h@gm
ai
l.co
m
No of
student
s
g
uide
d:
M.
Sc
-
1
5
(
Ongoing
-
3) ,
Ph.
D
-
1
(
ongo
i
ng
-
2)
Resea
r
ch
pro
jec
ts c
om
ple
t
e
d:
1.
"
ICMR
Co
-
o
rdina
t
ed
sche
m
e
on
Sub
Cli
n
ical
Vita
m
in
A
d
eficie
n
c
y
among
c
hil
dre
n
(6
-
71m
onths)
of
As
sam
and
Ra
ja
sth
an"
Dura
ti
on:
6
m
onths
(2006)
2.
"
Standa
rdi
zat
ion
of
selec
te
d
E
thni
c
f
erment
ed
foods
and
beve
r
age
s
b
y
R
at
ion
alization
of
Indige
nous k
no
wledge
”
(
NA
IP
-
IV Com
ponent
)
Durat
ion: 5 y
e
ar
s (2009
-
2014).
Tra
in
ing
Experi
enc
e
:
Conducte
d
thre
e
m
onths
ce
rt
ifi
c
ate
cour
s
e
on
bak
er
y
spons
ore
d
b
y
US
AID
from
15
th
Dec
ember
201
4
to
15
th
m
arc
h
2
014.
Public
ations (
Sc
ie
nti
f
ic
p
ape
rs
a
nd
popula
r
ar
ti
c
l
es):
Over
30
nos
Molo
y
a
Gogoi
As
sistant
Profess
or,
Depa
rtment
of
Food
Scie
nce
and
Nutri
ti
on
,
Coll
eg
e
of
Hom
e
Scie
nce,
As
sam
Agric
ult
ura
l
Univ
ersity
,
J
orha
t
-
785013
Mobile
no
:
0708
6893911
Email
:
m
olo
y
ag
og75@redi
ffm
ail.
com
W
orke
d
as
Resea
rch
As
socia
t
e
f
rom
April
2001
to
27
th
Novem
ber
,
2008.
und
er
AICRP
–
Hom
e
Scie
nc
e,
Dept.
of
Food S
ci
en
ce a
nd
Nut
ri
ti
on.
W
orke
d
in
th
e
f
ie
ld
of
Rese
arc
h
and
Ex
te
nsion
as
Subjec
t
Mat
t
er
Spec
ia
l
ist
fro
m
28
th
Nov
2008
to
06
Jul
y
2015.
Presently
worki
ng
as
As
sistant
Profess
or,
Dept
.
of
Food
Sci
e
nce
and
Nutriti
on
,
As
sam
Agric
ult
ur
al
Uni
ver
sit
y
,
Jorhat
si
nce
Jul
y
2015.
Public
ations (Nu
m
ber
s onl
y
)
:
Resea
rch
Paper
s
:
7
Gene
r
al a
rt
icles:
5
Book
cha
p
te
r:1
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.