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ly
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2
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it
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siti
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ly
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to
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tro
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g
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w
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e
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a
s
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ti
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d
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n
d
p
h
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m
a
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y
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n
d
w
o
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k
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lac
e
s
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l
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we
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k
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m
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e
ra
te
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s
.
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h
e
c
o
m
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m
o
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y
w
a
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if
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tl
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c
o
rre
late
d
w
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th
e
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ID
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tr
a
n
sm
is
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n
in
I
n
d
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e
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d
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g
n
e
w
n
o
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m
a
l
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ra
,
e
sp
e
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in
tran
sit
sta
ti
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s,
re
tail
a
n
d
re
c
re
a
ti
o
n
.
I
n
d
o
n
e
sia
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o
v
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rn
m
e
n
t
is
e
x
p
e
c
ted
to
i
m
p
ro
v
e
th
e
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e
ffo
rt
to
m
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n
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g
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th
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COV
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tr
a
n
sm
is
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n
a
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d
c
o
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sid
e
r
n
e
w
p
o
li
c
y
to
c
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t
h
e
COV
ID
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tra
n
sm
issio
n
.
K
ey
w
o
r
d
s
:
C
o
m
m
u
n
i
t
y
m
o
b
ilit
y
C
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D
-
19
I
n
d
o
n
esia
Ne
w
n
o
r
m
al
T
h
is
is
a
n
o
p
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n
a
c
c
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ss
a
rticle
u
n
d
e
r th
e
CC B
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-
SA
li
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se
.
C
o
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r
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s
p
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ing
A
uth
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r
:
R
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m
a
A
d
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S
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a
k
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Hea
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Fac
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Sri
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a
U
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J
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R
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P
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m
b
an
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-
P
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ab
u
m
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KM
.
3
2
I
n
d
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alay
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O
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Su
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Sela
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3
0
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6
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iz
m
a.
s
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@
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m
ail
.
co
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1.
I
NT
RO
D
UCT
I
O
N
C
o
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n
av
ir
u
s
d
is
ea
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e
2
0
1
9
(
C
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D
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19
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is
a
n
in
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tio
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s
d
is
ea
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e
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as
f
ir
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d
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W
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C
h
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n
a
at
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en
d
o
f
Dec
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m
b
er
2
0
1
9
[
1
]
.
First t
w
o
r
ep
o
r
ted
ca
s
es
w
er
e
in
Ma
r
ch
2
,
2
0
2
0
an
d
is
co
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tin
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e
to
in
cr
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s
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a
n
d
o
n
J
u
l
y
2
4
,
2
0
2
0
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th
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n
u
m
b
er
o
f
co
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ir
m
ed
C
O
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ca
s
e
s
w
as
9
5
.
4
1
8
w
it
h
4
.
6
6
5
d
ea
th
[
2
]
.
On
Ma
r
ch
1
1
,
2
0
2
0
,
a
C
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D
-
1
9
ca
s
e
is
m
o
r
e
th
an
1
1
8
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0
0
0
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s
es
w
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ld
w
id
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n
1
1
4
co
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tr
ies
a
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d
4
.
2
9
1
p
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p
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h
av
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lo
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t
th
eir
li
v
es,
a
n
d
it
w
as
s
tated
as
a
p
an
d
e
m
ic
[
3
]
.
Sin
ce
th
e
f
ir
s
t
t
w
o
ca
s
e
s
w
er
e
r
ep
o
r
ted
an
d
th
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
ca
s
es
w
a
s
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cr
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s
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n
g
,
I
n
d
o
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es
ia
Go
v
er
n
m
e
n
t
e
n
co
u
r
a
g
ed
th
e
I
n
d
o
n
esia
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p
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p
le
to
r
ed
u
c
e
ac
tiv
it
ies
o
u
ts
id
e
th
e
h
o
m
e,
in
c
lu
d
i
n
g
w
o
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k
,
s
t
u
d
y
,
an
d
w
o
r
s
h
ip
[
4
]
.
T
h
e
i
m
p
a
ct
r
ed
u
ctio
n
o
f
co
m
m
u
n
i
t
y
m
o
b
ilit
y
in
an
y
p
u
b
lic
p
lace
s
s
u
c
h
a
s
g
r
o
ce
r
y
a
n
d
p
h
ar
m
ac
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,
tr
an
s
it
s
ta
tio
n
s
,
an
d
w
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k
p
lace
s
a
n
d
i
n
cr
ea
s
ed
m
o
b
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y
in
h
o
m
e
r
esid
en
ce
[
5
]
.
T
h
ese
tr
en
d
s
wer
e
ev
en
m
o
r
e
c
h
a
n
g
in
g
s
i
n
ce
s
o
m
e
d
is
tr
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s
/citie
s
i
m
p
le
m
e
n
ted
a
p
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lic
y
ca
lled
th
e
lar
g
e
s
ca
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s
o
cial
r
estri
ctio
n
/
p
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a
ta
s
a
n
s
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s
ia
l
b
ers
ka
la
b
esa
r
(
P
S
B
B
)
.
Ho
w
e
v
er
,
th
is
p
o
lic
y
h
a
s
s
ig
n
i
f
ica
n
t e
f
f
ec
t
s
in
s
ev
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e
ec
o
n
o
m
ic
lo
s
s
es,
co
m
p
an
ies,
in
d
u
s
tr
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s
,
an
d
d
is
r
u
p
tio
n
o
f
an
y
l
ev
els o
f
l
if
e
[
6
]
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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t.
J
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P
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Hea
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Sci.
I
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N:
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C
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mmu
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mo
b
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r
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p
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ed
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a
tio
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a
l sp
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o
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381
A
cc
o
r
d
in
g
to
t
h
is
co
n
d
itio
n
,
m
a
n
y
p
eo
p
le
h
av
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lo
s
t
t
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j
o
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.
On
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1
5
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2
0
2
0
I
n
d
o
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esia
Go
v
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n
m
en
t
h
a
s
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n
co
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ag
ed
t
o
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ac
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o
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m
al
ac
t
iv
i
ties
b
u
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s
till
o
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t
h
e
h
ea
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h
p
r
o
to
co
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s
u
c
h
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p
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s
ical
d
is
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ci
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g
,
w
ea
r
i
n
g
m
a
s
k
,
a
n
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a
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w
it
h
s
o
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p
(
th
e
n
e
w
n
o
r
m
a
l
)
[
7
]
.
T
h
e
tr
an
s
itio
n
f
r
o
m
g
o
v
er
n
m
e
n
t c
o
n
tai
n
m
e
n
t p
o
lic
y
o
n
C
OVI
D
-
19
in
Ma
la
y
s
ia,
ca
lled
th
e
m
o
v
e
m
e
n
t c
o
n
tr
o
l o
r
d
er
(
MCO)
,
to
th
e
n
e
w
n
o
r
m
al
h
ad
a
s
ig
n
i
f
ica
n
t
i
m
p
ac
t
o
n
m
o
b
ilit
y
tr
en
d
s
.
T
h
e
r
ep
o
r
t
is
n
o
t
j
u
s
t
u
s
e
f
u
l
f
o
r
th
e
i
m
p
le
m
e
n
tatio
n
of
s
o
cial
d
is
tan
ci
n
g
e
f
f
o
r
ts
,
b
u
t
ca
n
also
b
e
u
s
ed
as
a
g
au
g
e
o
f
m
o
b
il
it
y
i
n
th
e
n
e
w
n
o
r
m
al
o
f
li
f
e
p
o
s
t
C
OVI
D
-
19
b
y
co
m
p
ar
i
n
g
it
w
it
h
th
e
b
a
s
eli
n
e
p
er
io
d
[
8
]
.
Mo
b
ilit
y
p
atter
n
s
ar
e
s
tr
o
n
g
l
y
co
r
r
elate
d
w
it
h
d
ec
r
ea
s
ed
C
OVI
D
-
19
ca
s
e
g
r
o
w
t
h
r
ates
f
o
r
th
e
m
o
s
t
a
f
f
ec
t
ed
co
u
n
ties
in
t
h
e
US
A
[
9
]
.
W
ith
th
i
s
n
e
w
n
o
r
m
al
p
o
licy
,
w
e’
r
e
in
ter
e
s
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tial
(r=
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.
7
5
)
.
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e
s
ca
tter
p
lo
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f
ea
ch
ar
ea
w
er
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s
h
o
w
ed
in
Fi
g
u
r
e
3
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t.
J
.
P
u
b
lic
Hea
lth
Sci.
I
SS
N:
2
2
5
2
-
8806
C
o
mmu
n
ity
mo
b
ilit
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r
ep
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ts
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r
ed
ict
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e
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a
tio
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l sp
r
ea
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o
f
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I
D
-
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(
Mu
h
a
mma
d
S
y
a
h
r
u
l R
a
ma
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h
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n
)
383
Fig
u
r
e
3
.
Scatter
p
lo
ts
o
f
(
a)
r
etail
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r
ec
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ea
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n
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d
lag
-
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b
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r
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ar
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2
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an
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it st
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lace
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o
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ic
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it
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n
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w
n
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m
al
,
Mi
n
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tr
y
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f
T
r
an
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a
s
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Mi
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o
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r
an
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o
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latio
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Men
teri
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erh
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b
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n
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a
n
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ermen
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u
b
)
No
.
1
8
in
2
0
2
0
c
o
n
ce
r
n
in
g
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r
an
s
p
o
r
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o
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o
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e
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o
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te
x
t
o
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o
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n
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v
ir
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s
2
0
1
9
(
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OVI
D
-
19
)
Sp
r
ea
d
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r
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en
tio
n
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ermen
h
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b
No
.
4
1
in
2
0
2
0
.
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n
th
at
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eg
u
lat
io
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,
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e
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icle
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n
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in
f
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ast
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ato
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d
/o
r
f
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eig
h
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tr
an
s
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o
r
tatio
n
m
a
n
a
g
er
th
at
b
r
e
ak
th
e
r
u
les
s
u
c
h
as
p
h
y
s
ical
d
is
ta
n
ci
n
g
,
w
ea
r
in
g
m
as
k
,
an
d
p
a
s
s
e
n
g
er
ca
p
ac
it
y
r
estrictio
n
s
w
ill
g
et
t
h
e
ad
m
in
i
s
tr
ati
v
e
s
an
ctio
n
s
in
t
h
e
f
o
r
m
o
f
w
r
i
tt
en
w
ar
n
i
n
g
,
licen
s
e
s
u
s
p
en
s
io
n
,
lice
n
s
e
r
ev
o
ca
tio
n
,
an
d
/o
r
ad
m
in
i
s
tr
ati
v
e
f
i
n
e
[
1
0
]
.
Mo
r
eo
v
er
,
Gu
g
u
s
Tu
g
a
s
P
ercep
a
ta
n
P
en
a
n
g
a
n
a
n
C
OVI
D
-
19
is
s
u
ed
a
r
e
g
u
la
tio
n
i
n
th
e
f
o
r
m
o
f
C
ir
cu
lar
L
etter
N
u
m
b
er
s
e
v
e
n
i
n
2
0
2
0
C
o
n
ce
r
n
i
n
g
C
r
iter
ia
a
n
d
R
eq
u
ir
e
m
e
n
ts
o
f
P
eo
p
le
T
r
ip
i
n
Ne
w
N
o
r
m
a
l
E
r
a
t
o
w
ar
d
s
P
r
o
d
u
ctiv
e
an
d
Saf
e
So
ciet
y
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
C
o
r
o
n
av
ir
u
s
D
is
ea
s
e
2
0
1
9
(
C
OVI
D
-
19
)
.
T
h
e
r
e
q
u
ir
e
m
e
n
ts
o
f
p
eo
p
le
tr
ip
in
clu
d
e
id
en
tit
y
ca
r
d
,
r
ap
id
test
o
r
p
o
ly
m
er
ase
c
h
ain
r
ea
ctio
n
(
P
C
R
)
r
esu
l
t c
er
ti
f
icate
,
ce
r
ti
f
icate
o
f
f
r
ee
o
f
in
f
l
u
e
n
za
-
lik
e
s
y
m
p
to
m
s
i
f
t
h
er
e
is
n
o
r
ap
id
test
o
r
PC
R
i
n
th
e
ar
ea
[
1
1
]
.
Mo
b
ilit
y
in
r
e
s
id
en
tial
r
e
f
lec
t
p
eo
p
le
s
tay
in
g
at
h
o
m
e
a
n
d
w
it
h
i
n
th
eir
r
esid
e
n
ce
.
Sta
y
-
at
-
h
o
m
e
d
ir
ec
tiv
es
en
co
u
r
a
g
e
r
esid
en
t
s
to
s
h
elter
in
th
eir
h
o
u
s
e
w
it
h
s
ev
er
al
p
r
o
v
is
io
n
s
an
d
h
av
e
b
ee
n
f
o
llo
w
ed
alo
n
g
w
it
h
s
ch
o
o
l
clo
s
u
r
es,
r
estrict
i
o
n
s
o
n
m
a
s
s
a
s
s
e
m
b
lies
,
a
n
d
th
e
clo
s
i
n
g
o
f
n
o
n
-
e
s
s
e
n
tial
b
u
s
i
n
es
s
es
.
T
h
ese
p
o
licies
ar
e
co
r
r
elate
d
w
it
h
a
m
aj
o
r
d
ec
r
ea
s
e
in
th
e
o
b
s
er
v
e
d
m
o
b
ilit
y
.
I
t
i
s
t
h
e
o
n
l
y
ar
ea
w
h
ic
h
h
a
s
ab
o
v
e
t
h
e
b
aselin
e
[
1
2
]
.
C
o
m
p
ar
ed
to
t
h
e
o
th
er
d
e
s
ti
n
atio
n
s
,
t
h
e
i
n
c
r
ea
s
e
in
m
o
b
ilit
y
to
r
e
s
id
en
ti
al
is
lo
w
er
t
h
a
n
t
h
e
r
ed
u
ctio
n
s
o
f
o
t
h
er
d
esti
n
atio
n
s
(
e
x
ce
p
t
f
o
r
g
r
o
ce
r
y
a
n
d
p
h
ar
m
ac
y
)
.
T
h
e
r
ea
s
o
n
co
u
ld
b
e
th
at
m
a
n
y
p
eo
p
le
s
till
h
av
e
to
tr
av
el
to
w
o
r
k
,
ed
u
ca
tio
n
a
n
d
o
th
er
ess
e
n
tial
s
er
v
ices [
1
3
]
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N:
2
2
5
2
-
8
8
0
6
I
n
t.
J
.
P
u
b
lic
Hea
lth
Sci.
,
Vo
l.
1
0
,
No
.
2
,
J
u
n
e
20
21
:
3
80
–
3
86
384
I
n
th
e
ea
r
l
y
J
u
l
y
,
d
ail
y
ca
s
e
s
co
n
tin
u
ed
to
in
cr
ea
s
e
.
T
h
e
p
e
ak
o
f
C
OVI
D
-
19
n
e
w
ca
s
e
s
w
a
s
o
n
J
u
l
y
9
,
2
0
2
0
.
On
t
h
is
d
a
y
,
t
h
e
h
i
g
h
est
n
u
m
b
er
o
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ca
s
e
s
w
a
s
i
n
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est
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av
a
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r
o
v
i
n
ce
(
9
6
2
ca
s
es)
w
h
ic
h
m
a
y
d
u
e
to
A
r
m
y
C
a
n
d
id
ate
Of
f
icer
Sch
o
o
l
o
r
S
ek
o
la
h
C
a
lo
n
P
erw
ir
a
(
S
ec
a
p
a
)
T
NI
A
n
g
ka
ta
n
Da
r
a
t
clu
s
ter
th
a
t
h
a
s
b
ee
n
ep
id
em
io
lo
g
icall
y
s
tu
d
ie
d
s
in
ce
Ma
y
,
2
9
co
n
s
ec
u
tiv
el
y
[
1
4
]
.
T
h
e
r
elax
atio
n
o
f
th
e
l
o
ck
d
o
w
n
p
o
licy
led
to
th
e
e
m
er
g
en
ce
o
f
a
s
ec
o
n
d
w
a
v
e
p
atter
n
i
n
s
e
v
er
al
co
u
n
tr
ies
s
u
c
h
as
J
ap
an
,
Au
s
tr
alia,
Mo
r
o
cc
o
,
Gr
ee
ce
,
Ho
n
g
Ko
n
g
,
C
r
o
atia,
I
s
r
ae
l.
Me
an
w
h
ile,
t
h
e
d
ail
y
ca
s
es
o
f
C
OVI
D
-
1
9
in
I
n
d
o
n
esia
h
av
e
co
n
ti
n
u
ed
t
o
in
cr
ea
s
e
b
ef
o
r
e
th
e
n
e
w
n
o
r
m
a
l
er
a,
alth
o
u
g
h
t
h
e
s
ec
o
n
d
w
a
v
e
h
as n
o
t
y
et
o
cc
u
r
r
ed
[
1
5
]
-
[
1
7
]
.
Ver
y
s
tr
o
n
g
co
r
r
elatio
n
b
et
wee
n
co
m
m
u
n
it
y
m
o
b
ilit
y
i
n
tr
an
s
it
s
tat
io
n
s
m
a
y
b
e
d
u
e
to
lo
n
g
e
r
d
u
r
atio
n
o
f
p
er
s
o
n
-
to
-
p
er
s
o
n
co
n
tact.
Du
r
atio
n
o
f
co
n
tact
p
eo
p
le
is
o
n
e
o
f
t
h
e
d
eter
m
i
n
a
n
ts
o
f
r
ep
r
o
d
u
ctiv
e
n
u
m
b
er
(
R
0
)
,
th
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
s
ec
o
n
d
ar
y
in
f
ec
tio
n
s
p
r
o
d
u
ce
d
b
y
an
in
f
ec
ted
p
er
s
o
n
.
T
h
e
r
ate
o
f
C
OVI
D
-
19
in
f
ec
tio
n
is
v
er
y
m
u
c
h
af
f
ec
te
d
b
y
r
ep
r
o
d
u
ctiv
e
n
u
m
b
er
[
1
8
]
.
I
n
ad
d
itio
n
,
p
e
o
p
le
s
itti
n
g
o
r
s
tan
d
i
n
g
in
p
r
o
x
i
m
it
y
i
n
a
clo
s
ed
e
n
v
ir
o
n
m
en
t
s
u
c
h
a
s
p
u
b
lic
tr
a
n
s
p
o
r
tatio
n
h
av
e
a
g
r
ea
ter
r
i
s
k
o
f
in
f
ec
tio
n
s
t
h
e
d
is
ea
s
e
,
esp
ec
iall
y
i
f
p
ass
en
g
er
s
d
o
n
o
t
p
r
ac
tice
c
o
u
g
h
i
n
g
an
d
s
n
e
ez
in
g
etiq
u
ette.
B
esid
es,
s
o
m
e
ar
ea
s
ca
n
b
e
h
o
s
t
in
f
ec
tio
u
s
m
icr
o
o
r
g
an
is
m
s
s
u
c
h
as
h
a
n
d
r
ails
,
tick
et
m
ac
h
in
e
s
,
s
m
ar
t
ca
r
d
m
ac
h
i
n
es,
d
o
o
r
s
,
h
an
d
les,
w
i
n
d
o
w
s
,
p
an
els,
f
lo
o
r
s
,
lif
ts
a
n
d
ch
air
s
[
1
9
]
.
I
n
W
u
h
a
n
,
C
h
in
a,
t
h
er
e
w
a
s
s
tr
o
n
g
as
s
o
ciatio
n
b
et
w
ee
n
tr
av
el
b
y
tr
ain
a
n
d
th
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
C
OVI
D
-
19
ca
s
es,
w
h
er
ea
s
t
h
e
ass
o
ciatio
n
s
o
f
t
w
o
o
th
er
o
f
tr
an
s
p
o
r
tatio
n
(
ca
r
an
d
air
p
lan
e)
f
ailed
to
r
ea
ch
s
tat
is
tica
l
s
i
g
n
i
f
ica
n
ce
[
2
0
]
.
E
p
i
d
em
io
lo
g
is
t
s
en
co
u
r
ag
e
s
o
cia
l
d
is
ta
n
ci
n
g
d
u
r
in
g
t
h
is
C
OVI
D
-
1
9
o
u
tb
r
ea
k
,
as
i
n
p
ast
ep
id
e
m
ics
an
d
p
an
d
e
m
ics,
m
ea
n
i
n
g
th
at
i
n
d
i
v
id
u
al
s
s
h
o
u
ld
b
e
i
s
o
lated
f
r
o
m
o
t
h
er
s
b
y
ar
o
u
n
d
s
i
x
f
ee
t
(
o
r
2
m
)
o
r
m
o
r
e.
Ob
v
io
u
s
l
y
,
t
h
is
m
ea
s
u
r
e
is
d
ir
ec
tl
y
i
n
co
n
tr
as
t
to
t
h
e
id
ea
o
f
p
u
b
li
c
tr
an
s
p
o
r
t.
Tr
i
p
s
to
r
etail
an
d
r
ec
r
ea
tio
n
w
a
s
also
h
a
s
v
er
y
s
tr
o
n
g
co
r
r
elatio
n
w
it
h
C
OVI
D
-
19
ca
s
es
i
n
th
e
s
a
m
e
d
ay
to
th
e
n
e
x
t
t
w
o
d
a
y
s
.
T
h
e
p
r
esen
ce
a
n
d
v
iab
ilit
y
o
f
s
ev
er
e
ac
u
te
r
esp
ir
ato
r
y
s
y
n
d
r
o
m
e
co
r
o
n
av
ir
u
s
2
(
SAR
S
-
C
o
V
-
2
)
in
o
u
td
o
o
r
s
p
ac
es
co
u
ld
b
e
in
f
lu
e
n
ce
d
b
y
s
ev
er
al
f
ac
to
r
s
ar
e
cr
o
w
d
i
n
g
,
w
i
n
d
s
p
ee
d
an
d
d
ir
ec
tio
n
,
m
eteo
r
o
lo
g
ical
co
n
d
itio
n
(
s
u
c
h
a
s
te
m
p
er
atu
r
e,
h
u
m
id
it
y
,
a
n
d
UV)
.
P
r
ec
au
tio
n
s
m
u
s
t b
e
f
o
c
u
s
ed
o
n
w
h
at
i
s
u
n
d
er
s
to
o
d
ab
o
u
t
SAR
S
-
C
o
V
-
2
i
n
in
d
o
o
r
an
d
l
ab
o
r
ato
r
y
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
ts
a
n
d
o
th
er
p
ath
o
g
e
n
s
i
n
o
u
td
o
o
r
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
t
s
,
s
i
n
ce
t
h
er
e
is
i
n
s
u
f
f
icien
t
e
v
id
e
n
ce
t
o
d
eter
m
i
n
e
t
h
e
r
is
k
o
f
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
i
n
o
u
td
o
o
r
en
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
t
s
.
T
h
er
e
ar
e
m
a
n
y
m
ea
s
u
r
es
cu
r
r
e
n
tl
y
b
ei
n
g
t
ak
en
i
n
C
an
ad
a
to
co
n
tr
o
l
o
u
td
o
o
r
r
ec
r
ea
tio
n
al
s
p
ac
es a
n
d
th
e
s
e
h
a
v
e
d
is
ti
n
ct
f
ed
er
al/p
r
o
v
in
cial
v
er
s
u
s
m
u
n
i
cip
al
i
m
p
licatio
n
s
[
2
1
]
.
C
o
m
m
u
n
i
t
y
m
o
b
ili
t
y
i
n
P
ar
k
s
ar
ea
h
as
p
o
s
itiv
el
y
s
tr
o
n
g
co
r
r
elatio
n
w
i
th
C
OVI
D
-
19
ca
s
es.
An
o
th
e
r
o
f
th
e
co
n
ce
r
n
s
r
ai
s
ed
b
y
v
is
it
o
r
s
w
as
th
e
r
i
s
k
o
f
C
OVI
D
-
1
9
b
ein
g
s
p
r
ea
d
v
ia
th
e
r
e
s
p
ir
atio
n
o
f
o
th
er
v
is
i
to
r
s
.
T
h
e
o
u
td
o
o
r
s
ettin
g
s
(
r
ec
r
ea
tio
n
an
d
p
ar
k
)
w
er
e
t
h
e
ar
ea
ca
n
b
e
v
is
ited
b
y
p
eo
p
le
an
d
lea
d
to
c
r
o
w
d
ed
,
s
o
th
e
r
is
k
o
f
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
ca
n
b
e
g
r
ea
ter
.
A
ll
ae
r
o
s
o
ls
ar
e
r
elea
s
ed
b
y
co
u
g
h
in
g
,
s
n
ee
z
in
g
,
talk
in
g
an
d
ev
e
n
b
r
ea
th
in
g
,
r
an
g
i
n
g
in
s
ize
f
r
o
m
lar
g
er
r
esp
ir
ato
r
y
d
r
o
p
lets
(
>
5
μ
m
)
,
w
h
ic
h
s
ed
i
m
en
t
r
a
p
id
ly
,
to
v
er
y
f
i
n
e
d
r
o
p
lets
(
<
5
μ
m
)
,
w
h
ic
h
ca
n
s
t
a
y
tr
ap
p
ed
in
th
e
air
f
o
r
lo
n
g
e
r
,
f
l
y
lo
n
g
er
d
is
ta
n
ce
s
,
a
n
d
ca
n
b
e
in
h
aled
lo
w
er
r
esp
ir
ato
r
y
tr
ac
t
[
2
2
]
.
Nev
er
t
h
eless
,
p
r
ese
n
t
d
ata
i
n
d
icate
s
th
at
eith
er
t
h
e
ae
r
o
s
o
lized
v
ir
u
s
is
n
o
lo
n
g
er
v
iab
le
o
r
th
at
t
h
e
r
ec
o
v
er
ed
lev
el
s
ar
e
to
o
tin
y
to
in
d
u
ce
i
n
f
ec
tio
n
.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
a
g
r
ea
t d
ea
l o
f
ad
d
i
tio
n
al
k
n
o
w
led
g
e
i
s
n
ee
d
ed
to
u
n
d
er
s
ta
n
d
w
h
et
h
e
r
C
OVI
D
-
1
9
ca
n
b
e
s
p
r
ea
d
b
y
ae
r
o
s
o
ls
,
p
ar
ticu
lar
l
y
o
u
td
o
o
r
s
,
w
h
er
e
ae
r
o
s
o
ls
co
n
tain
i
n
g
v
ir
u
s
e
s
ca
n
b
e
d
is
p
er
s
ed
r
ap
id
ly
[
2
3
]
.
Mo
r
e
th
an
8
0
%,
th
e
s
p
ac
es o
p
en
to
th
e
p
u
b
lic
an
d
o
n
o
b
j
ec
ts
th
at
ar
e
to
u
c
h
ed
w
it
h
t
h
e
h
an
d
s
h
a
s
f
r
eq
u
en
t
l
y
d
ete
cted
b
y
t
h
e
tr
ac
e
s
o
f
b
io
l
o
g
ical
f
lu
id
s
[
2
4
]
.
R
ec
o
m
m
e
n
d
atio
n
o
f
W
o
r
ld
H
ea
lth
O
r
g
an
izatio
n
t
h
at
if
p
eo
p
le
g
o
to
a
p
ar
k
o
r
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p
en
p
u
b
li
c
s
p
ac
e
to
w
alk
,
r
u
n
,
o
r
ex
er
cise,
th
er
e
is
a
n
ee
d
to
al
w
a
y
s
p
r
ac
tice
p
h
y
s
ica
l d
is
ta
n
cin
g
[
2
5
]
.
Mo
b
ilit
y
in
g
r
o
ce
r
y
an
d
p
h
a
r
m
ac
y
w
a
s
p
o
s
itiv
el
y
w
ea
k
t
o
m
o
d
er
ate
co
r
r
elate
d
w
i
th
C
OVI
D
-
19
ca
s
es.
Si
n
ce
C
OVI
D
-
1
9
is
a
r
esp
ir
ato
r
y
d
is
ea
s
e
an
d
th
e
m
ain
r
o
u
te
o
f
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
is
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
p
er
s
o
n
-
to
-
p
er
s
o
n
co
n
tact
an
d
th
r
o
u
g
h
d
ir
ec
t
co
n
tact
w
it
h
r
esp
ir
ato
r
y
d
r
o
p
lets
p
r
o
d
u
ce
d
w
h
e
n
an
in
f
e
cted
p
er
s
o
n
co
u
g
h
s
o
r
s
n
ee
ze
s
,
it
is
v
er
y
u
n
li
k
el
y
th
at
p
eo
p
le
w
i
ll
b
e
ab
le
to
co
n
tact
C
OVI
D
-
1
9
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
f
o
o
d
o
r
f
o
o
d
p
ac
k
ag
e
s
.
T
h
er
e
is
n
o
p
r
o
o
f
to
d
ate
o
f
t
h
e
tr
an
s
m
i
s
s
io
n
th
r
o
u
g
h
f
o
o
d
o
r
f
o
o
d
p
ac
k
ag
i
n
g
o
f
v
ir
u
s
es
t
h
at
ca
u
s
e
r
esp
ir
ato
r
y
d
is
ea
s
es.
A
s
t
h
e
y
r
eq
u
ir
e
an
a
n
i
m
al
o
r
h
u
m
an
h
o
s
t
to
r
ep
licate,
co
r
o
n
av
ir
u
s
es
d
o
n
o
t
m
u
l
tip
l
y
in
f
o
o
d
[
2
6
]
.
B
esid
es,
th
e
r
eg
u
latio
n
b
y
g
o
v
er
n
m
e
n
t
to
r
e
s
tr
ict
p
eo
p
le's
t
r
av
el
ca
n
lead
to
g
r
o
ce
r
y
an
d
p
h
ar
m
ac
y
r
ar
el
y
to
b
e
v
is
ited
,
s
o
th
e
r
is
k
o
f
tr
a
n
s
m
is
s
io
n
ca
n
b
e
lo
w
er
.
T
h
er
e
w
er
e
p
o
s
iti
v
el
y
w
ea
k
to
m
o
d
er
ate
co
r
r
elatio
n
b
etw
ee
n
co
m
m
u
n
it
y
m
o
b
ilit
y
i
n
w
o
r
k
p
lace
s
an
d
C
OVI
D
-
19
n
e
w
ca
s
es.
I
n
t
h
e
ca
s
es
o
f
s
e
v
er
e
ac
u
te
r
esp
ir
ato
r
y
s
y
n
d
r
o
m
e
(
S
AR
S)
an
d
Mid
d
le
E
ast
r
esp
ir
ato
r
y
s
y
n
d
r
o
m
e
(
ME
R
S)
o
u
tb
r
ea
k
,
m
o
s
t
o
f
t
h
e
s
t
u
d
ies
f
o
c
u
s
o
n
w
o
r
k
-
r
ela
ted
tr
an
s
m
i
s
s
io
n
a
m
o
n
g
h
ea
lt
h
ca
r
e
w
o
r
k
er
s
(
H
C
W
s
)
,
w
h
ich
co
n
s
titu
ted
a
lar
g
e
p
r
o
p
o
r
tio
n
in
p
r
ev
io
u
s
co
r
o
n
a
v
ir
u
s
o
u
tb
r
ea
k
s
.
I
n
h
i
g
h
l
y
a
f
f
ec
ted
Asi
an
co
u
n
tr
ies,
37
-
6
3
%
o
f
co
n
f
ir
m
ed
ca
s
es
o
f
ex
tr
e
m
e
ac
u
t
e
r
esp
ir
ato
r
y
s
y
n
d
r
o
m
e
(
S
A
R
S)
an
d
ab
o
u
t
4
3
.
5
%
of
ca
s
es
o
f
Mid
d
le
E
ast
r
esp
ir
ato
r
y
s
y
n
d
r
o
m
e
(
ME
R
S)
w
er
e
r
eg
is
ter
ed
b
y
H
C
W
s
[
2
7
-
29]
.
I
n
ad
d
itio
n
,
ce
r
tai
n
p
r
o
f
ess
io
n
s
o
u
t
s
id
e
h
ea
l
th
ca
r
e
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
t
s
w
er
e
clo
s
el
y
li
n
k
ed
to
ea
r
l
y
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
s
o
f
C
OVI
D
-
1
9
s
u
c
h
a
s
tax
i
d
r
i
v
er
,
s
ale
s
m
a
n
,
to
u
r
g
u
i
d
e,
an
d
h
o
u
s
e
k
ee
p
er
an
d
clea
n
er
.
O
w
i
n
g
to
r
eg
u
lar
in
ter
ac
t
io
n
w
it
h
tr
av
eller
s
,
tax
i
d
r
i
v
er
s
,
s
a
les
p
er
s
o
n
s
a
n
d
to
u
r
g
u
id
e
s
ar
e
at
g
r
ea
ter
r
is
k
to
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
o
f
C
OVI
D
-
19
[
3
0
]
.
Mo
b
ilit
y
i
n
r
esid
en
tial
o
r
s
ta
y
-
at
-
h
o
m
e
h
a
s
n
e
g
ati
v
el
y
s
tr
o
n
g
co
r
r
elate
d
w
it
h
t
h
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
C
OVI
D
-
19
ca
s
es.
Sta
y
-
at
-
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.
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5
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-
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a
tio
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a
l sp
r
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OV
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D
-
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mma
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in
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Sta
tes
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ef
f
ec
ti
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li
m
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n
g
t
h
e
s
p
r
ea
d
o
f
C
OVI
D
-
19
an
d
d
r
am
atica
ll
y
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ed
u
ce
t
h
e
f
atalit
ies o
f
th
e
d
is
ea
s
e
[
3
1
]
.
An
o
th
er
s
tu
d
y
s
u
g
g
e
s
t t
h
at
1
% o
f
a
w
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l
y
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ab
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less
w
ee
k
l
y
C
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D
-
19
d
ea
th
s
[
3
2
]
.
A
cc
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r
d
in
g
to
th
ese
r
esu
lts
,
w
e
s
u
g
g
es
t
th
at
all
o
f
th
e
p
lace
s
o
u
ts
id
e
h
o
m
e
ar
e
s
till
at
r
is
k
o
f
C
OVI
D
-
19
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
.
I
n
t
h
i
s
n
e
w
n
o
r
m
al
er
a,
th
e
C
O
VI
D
-
19
d
ail
y
ca
s
es
in
I
n
d
o
n
e
s
ia
e
v
e
n
m
o
r
e
in
cr
ea
s
ed
th
a
n
p
r
ev
io
u
s
p
er
io
d
ca
lled
th
e
P
SB
B
.
W
e
r
ec
o
m
m
en
d
t
h
e
g
o
v
er
n
m
e
n
t
co
u
ld
m
a
k
e
m
o
r
e
s
tr
ict
r
eg
u
latio
n
co
n
ce
r
n
i
n
g
h
ea
lt
h
p
r
o
to
co
ls
in
p
u
b
lic
p
lace
s
.
A
cc
o
r
d
in
g
to
th
e
lo
w
m
o
b
ilit
y
i
n
tr
an
s
it
s
t
atio
n
s
,
t
h
e
cu
r
r
en
t
r
eg
u
lat
io
n
h
a
s
b
ee
n
s
u
cc
e
s
s
f
u
ll
y
to
r
estrict
p
eo
p
le
to
u
s
e
o
f
p
u
b
lic
tr
an
s
p
o
r
tatio
n
.
T
h
e
g
o
v
er
n
m
en
t
s
h
o
u
ld
co
n
ce
r
n
ab
o
u
t
t
h
e
h
ea
lt
h
p
r
o
t
o
co
ls
in
tr
an
s
it
s
tatio
n
s
b
ec
au
s
e
o
f
it
s
v
er
y
s
tr
o
n
g
co
r
r
elatio
n
w
i
th
t
h
e
i
n
cr
ea
s
ed
o
f
C
OVI
D
-
19
ca
s
e
s
.
I
f
t
h
e
r
e
g
u
la
tio
n
s
ar
e
n
o
t
en
o
u
g
h
to
e
n
co
u
r
ag
e
p
eo
p
le
to
o
b
ey
t
h
e
h
ea
lt
h
p
r
o
to
co
ls
an
d
th
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
C
OVI
D
-
19
ca
s
es
d
o
es
n
o
t
d
ec
r
ea
s
e,
th
e
g
o
v
e
r
n
m
e
n
t
s
h
o
u
ld
co
n
s
id
er
a
p
o
lic
y
li
k
e
P
S
B
B
to
b
e
re
-
i
m
p
le
m
e
n
ted
.
4.
CO
NCLU
SI
O
N
C
o
m
m
u
n
i
t
y
m
o
b
ilit
y
i
n
an
y
p
l
ac
es
w
er
e
s
i
g
n
if
ica
n
tl
y
co
r
r
ela
ted
w
it
h
t
h
e
C
OVI
D
-
19
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
in
I
n
d
o
n
esia
d
u
r
i
n
g
n
e
w
n
o
r
m
al
er
a,
esp
ec
iall
y
i
n
tr
a
n
s
i
t
s
tat
io
n
s
a
n
d
r
etail
a
n
d
r
ec
r
ea
tio
n
w
i
th
v
er
y
s
tr
o
n
g
co
r
r
elatio
n
.
I
n
cr
ea
s
ed
m
o
b
ilit
y
i
n
r
esid
en
t
ial
o
r
s
ta
y
-
at
-
h
o
m
e
w
a
s
s
tr
o
n
g
l
y
co
r
r
elate
d
w
it
h
t
h
e
r
ed
u
ce
d
o
f
C
OVI
D
-
19
s
p
r
ea
d
.
T
h
ese
co
u
ld
b
e
u
tili
ze
d
b
y
g
o
v
er
n
m
en
t
t
o
i
m
p
r
o
v
e
th
eir
e
f
f
o
r
t
to
m
a
n
ag
e
th
e
C
OVI
D
-
19
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
i
n
I
n
d
o
n
e
s
ia
an
d
co
n
s
id
er
n
e
w
p
o
lic
y
to
cu
r
b
th
e
C
OVI
D
-
19
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
.
RE
F
E
R
E
NC
E
S
[1
]
CDC.
No
v
e
l
Co
ro
n
a
v
iru
s,
W
u
h
a
n
,
Ch
i
n
a
[
In
ter
n
e
t].
2
0
2
0
[
c
it
e
d
2
0
2
0
J
u
l
2
5
]
.
Av
a
il
a
b
le
f
ro
m
:
h
tt
p
:
//
ww
w
.
c
d
c
.
g
o
v
/co
ro
n
a
v
iru
s/2
0
1
9
-
n
c
o
v
/ab
o
u
t/
i
n
d
e
x
.
h
tm
l
[2
]
T
h
e
T
a
sk
F
o
rc
e
f
o
r
A
c
c
e
l
e
ra
ti
o
n
of
COV
ID
-
1
9
Ha
n
d
li
n
g
,
“
Di
strib
u
ti
o
n
M
a
p
,”
2
0
2
0
.
[
O
n
li
n
e
]
.
A
v
a
il
a
b
le
:
h
tt
p
:
//
c
o
v
id
1
9
.
g
o
.
id
/
p
e
ta
-
se
b
a
ra
n
/
[3
]
W
HO
.
W
HO
Dire
c
to
r
-
Ge
n
e
ra
l’s
o
p
e
n
i
n
g
re
m
a
rk
s
a
t
th
e
m
e
d
ia
b
rief
in
g
o
n
COV
ID
-
19
-
1
1
M
a
rc
h
2
0
2
0
[
In
tern
e
t
]
.
2
0
2
0
[
c
it
e
d
2
0
2
0
Ju
l
2
7
]
.
A
v
a
il
a
b
le
f
ro
m
:
h
tt
p
s://
w
ww
.
w
h
o
.
in
t/
d
g
/sp
e
e
c
h
e
s/d
e
tail/
w
h
o
-
d
irec
to
r
-
g
e
n
e
ra
l
-
s
-
o
p
e
n
in
g
-
re
m
a
rk
s
-
at
-
th
e
-
m
e
d
ia
-
b
rief
in
g
-
on
-
c
o
v
id
-
19
---
11
-
m
a
rc
h
-
2
0
2
0
[4
]
Ra
tri
a
n
i
V.
,
“
Jo
k
o
w
i
In
stru
c
ts
W
o
rk
f
ro
m
Ho
m
e
,
T
h
is
Is
Wo
rk
F
ro
m
Ho
m
e
,
”
2
0
2
0
,
[
On
li
n
e
]
.
A
v
a
il
a
b
le
:
h
tt
p
s:/
/www
.
k
o
m
p
a
s.co
m
/t
re
n
/rea
d
/2
0
2
0
/0
3
/1
6
/
1
9
5
0
3
5
1
6
5
/j
o
k
o
w
i
-
in
stru
k
sik
a
n
-
b
e
k
e
rja
-
d
a
ri
-
ru
m
a
h
-
in
i
-
a
rti
-
w
o
rk
-
f
ro
m
-
h
o
m
e
?
p
a
g
e
=
a
ll
.
[5
]
G
o
o
g
le.
,
“
COV
ID
-
1
9
M
o
b
il
it
y
Re
p
o
rts,
”
2
0
2
0
.
[
On
l
in
e
]
.
Av
a
il
a
b
le
f
ro
m
:
h
tt
p
:
//
ww
w
.
g
o
o
g
le.co
m
/
c
o
v
id
1
9
/
m
o
b
il
it
y
/
.
[6
]
Ca
ra
k
a
R
e
t
a
l.
,
“
Im
p
a
c
t
o
f
COV
ID
-
1
9
larg
e
sc
a
le
re
strictio
n
o
n
e
n
v
iro
n
m
e
n
t
a
n
d
e
c
o
n
o
m
y
in
In
d
o
n
e
sia
,
”
Glo
b
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
E
n
v
iro
n
me
n
t
a
l
S
c
ien
c
e
a
n
d
M
a
n
a
g
e
me
n
t
,
v
o
l.
6
,
n
o
.
S
I
,
p
p
.
6
5
-
8
4
,
2
0
2
0
.
[7
]
P
re
sid
e
n
ti
a
l
S
e
c
re
taria
t
,
“
P
re
sid
e
n
t
Jo
k
o
w
i:
T
h
e
g
o
v
e
rn
m
e
n
t
w
a
n
ts
th
e
p
e
o
p
le
sta
y
p
ro
d
u
c
ti
v
e
a
n
d
s
a
fe
f
ro
m
Co
v
id
-
19
,”
2
0
2
0
.
[
On
li
n
e
]
.
A
v
a
il
a
b
le:
h
t
tp
s://
w
ww
.
p
re
sid
e
n
ri.
g
o
.
i
d
/siara
n
-
p
e
rs/p
re
sid
e
n
-
jo
k
o
w
i
-
p
e
m
e
rin
tah
-
in
g
in
-
m
a
s
y
a
ra
k
a
t
-
p
ro
d
u
k
ti
f
-
d
a
n
-
a
m
a
n
-
d
a
ri
-
c
o
v
id
-
1
9
/
.
[8
]
S
u
re
n
d
ra
n
S
.
,
“
Mo
b
il
it
y
tren
d
s
in
th
e
n
e
w
n
o
rm
a
l
,
”
T
h
e
Ed
g
e
M
a
la
y
sia
,
2020
.
[
On
li
n
e
]
.
A
v
a
il
a
b
le:
h
tt
p
s:/
/www
.
th
e
e
d
g
e
m
a
r
k
e
ts.
c
o
m
/article
/
m
o
b
il
it
y
-
tren
d
s
-
n
e
w
-
n
o
rm
a
l
.
[9
]
Ba
d
r
H
e
t
a
l.
,
“
A
s
so
c
iatio
n
b
e
t
w
e
e
n
m
o
b
il
it
y
p
a
tt
e
rn
s
a
n
d
COV
ID
-
1
9
tran
sm
issio
n
in
th
e
US
A
:
a
m
a
th
e
m
a
ti
c
a
l
m
o
d
e
ll
in
g
stu
d
y
,
”
L
a
n
c
e
t
In
fec
t
io
u
s
Dis
e
a
se
,
v
o
l.
2
0
,
n
o
.
1
1
,
p
p
.
1
2
4
7
-
1
2
5
4
,
2
0
2
0
.
[1
0
]
T
h
e
M
in
ister
o
f
T
ra
n
sp
o
rtatio
n
RI.
,
“
T
h
e
R
e
g
u
latio
n
o
f
M
in
ister
o
f
T
r
a
n
sp
o
rtatio
n
RI
No
.
4
1
o
f
2
0
2
0
c
o
n
c
e
rn
i
n
g
Am
e
n
d
m
e
n
ts
to
th
e
Re
g
u
latio
n
o
f
th
e
M
i
n
ister
o
f
T
ra
n
sp
o
rta
ti
o
n
No
.
1
8
o
f
2
0
2
0
c
o
n
c
e
rn
i
n
g
Co
n
tr
o
l
o
f
T
ra
n
sp
o
rtatio
n
in
th
e
C
o
n
tex
t
o
f
P
re
v
e
n
ti
n
g
th
e
S
p
re
a
d
o
f
Co
r
o
n
a
v
iru
s Dise
a
se
2
0
1
9
(CO
V
ID
-
1
9
),
”
2
0
2
0
.
[1
1
]
En
g
le
e
t
a
l.
,
“
T
h
e
T
a
s
k
F
o
rc
e
fo
r
A
c
c
e
ler
a
ti
o
n
of
COV
ID
-
1
9
Ha
n
d
li
n
g
.
Circu
lar
No
.
7
o
f
2
0
2
0
c
o
n
c
e
rn
in
g
th
e
T
ra
v
e
l
Crit
e
ria
a
n
d
Re
q
u
irem
e
n
ts
f
o
r
P
e
o
p
le
i
n
t
h
e
A
d
a
p
tatio
n
P
e
rio
d
f
o
r
Ne
w
Ha
b
it
s
T
o
w
a
rd
s
a
P
ro
d
u
c
ti
v
e
a
n
d
S
a
f
e
S
o
c
iet
y
Co
ro
n
a
v
iru
s
d
ise
a
se
2
0
1
9
(COV
ID
-
1
9
),
”
S
tay
in
g
a
t
Ho
m
e
:
M
o
b
il
it
y
Eff
e
c
ts
o
f
Co
v
id
-
1
9
.
S
S
RN.
2
0
2
0
.
[1
2
]
M
e
d
im
o
re
c
N
e
t
a
l
,
“
I
m
p
a
c
ts
o
f
COV
ID
-
1
9
o
n
M
o
b
il
it
y
P
re
li
m
in
a
r
y
a
n
a
l
y
sis o
f
r
e
g
io
n
a
l
tren
d
s o
n
u
rb
a
n
m
o
b
il
it
y
,”
2
0
2
0
.
[
O
n
li
n
e
].
A
v
a
il
a
b
le:
h
tt
p
s://
slo
c
a
t.
n
e
t/
w
p
-
co
n
ten
t/
u
p
lo
a
d
s/2
0
2
0
/
0
5
/
S
L
OC
A
T
_
2
0
2
0
_
COV
I
D
-
19
-
M
o
b
il
it
y
-
A
n
a
l
y
si
s.p
d
f
.
[1
3
]
T
h
e
T
a
s
k
F
o
rc
e
f
o
r
Ac
c
e
ler
a
ti
o
n
of
COV
ID
-
1
9
Ha
n
d
l
in
g
,
“
A
d
d
it
i
o
n
o
f
P
o
sit
iv
e
Ca
se
s
Re
a
c
h
e
s
2
,
6
5
7
,
Y
u
ri:
Ne
w
Clu
ste
r
Ha
s
Be
e
n
T
re
a
t
e
d
P
ro
f
e
ss
io
n
a
ll
y
,
”
2
0
2
0
.
[
O
n
li
n
e
].
Av
a
il
a
b
le
f
ro
m
:
h
tt
p
s:/
/co
v
id
1
9
.
g
o
.
id
/
p
/b
e
rit
a
/
p
e
n
a
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4
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5
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I
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7
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8
]
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e
lso
n
P
a
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d
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h
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p
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rs
M
,
“
TB
tran
sm
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9
]
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a
o
S
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l.
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“
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a
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iatio
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0
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re
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.
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ID
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1
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a
n
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n
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o
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BC:
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ti
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l
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ll
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b
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tre
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r
En
v
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me
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ta
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a
lt
h
,
2
0
2
0
.
[2
1
]
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h
iu
E,
L
e
u
n
g
N,
a
n
d
Co
w
li
n
g
B
,
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Co
n
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o
.
4
,
p
p
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7
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9
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2
0
1
9
.
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2
]
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n
tre f
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v
iro
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m
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a
lt
h
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COV
ID
-
1
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a
n
d
o
u
t
d
o
o
r
sa
f
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t
y
:
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t
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n
s f
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t
d
o
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ti
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n
a
l
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p
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s
,
”
2
0
2
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.
[
On
li
n
e
]
.
A
v
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b
le
:
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s:
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.
[2
3
]
P
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n
a
,
A
e
t
a
l.
, “
M
o
n
it
o
rin
g
COV
ID
-
1
9
T
ra
n
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m
issio
n
Risk
s b
y
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n
ti
tativ
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CR T
ra
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lets i
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p
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-
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p
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.
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7
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-
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.
[2
4
]
Do
m
in
sk
i,
F
.
H,
a
n
d
Bra
n
d
t,
R
,
“
Do
th
e
b
e
n
e
f
it
s
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n
in
d
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a
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td
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v
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m
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ts
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ri
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th
e
COV
ID
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1
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p
a
n
d
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m
ic
o
u
tw
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ig
h
t
h
e
risk
s
o
f
in
fe
c
ti
o
n
?
,
”
S
p
o
rt
S
c
ien
c
e
s
f
o
r
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a
lt
h
,
v
o
l.
16
,
n
o
.
3
,
p
p
.
5
8
3
-
5
8
8
,
2
0
2
0
.
[2
5
]
W
o
rld
He
a
lt
h
Org
a
n
iza
ti
o
n
,
“
COV
ID
-
1
9
a
n
d
f
o
o
d
sa
f
e
t
y
:
g
u
id
a
n
c
e
f
o
r
f
o
o
d
b
u
sin
e
ss
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s,”
2
0
2
0
.
[
On
li
n
e
]
.
A
v
a
il
a
b
le
:
f
il
e
:/
//
C:/
Us
e
rs/Us
e
r/
A
p
p
Da
ta/
L
o
c
a
l/
T
e
m
p
/
W
HO
-
2019
-
n
C
o
V
-
F
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o
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a
f
e
t
y
-
2
0
2
0
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1
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e
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g
.
p
d
f
[2
6
]
P
e
c
k
A
,
e
t
a
l
.
,
“
L
a
c
k
o
f
S
A
RS
tran
sm
is
sio
n
a
n
d
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S
.
S
A
RS
c
a
se
-
p
a
ti
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n
t,
”
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rg
in
g
I
n
fec
t
io
u
s
D
is
e
a
se
,
v
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l.
1
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.
2
,
p
p
.
2
1
7
-
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4
,
2
0
0
4
.
[2
7
]
Ch
o
w
e
ll
,
G
e
t
a
l.
,
“
T
r
a
n
s
m
issio
n
c
h
a
ra
c
teristics
o
f
M
ERS
a
n
d
S
A
RS
in
th
e
h
e
a
lt
h
c
a
re
se
tt
in
g
:
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c
o
m
p
a
ra
ti
v
e
stu
d
y
,
”
BM
C
M
e
d
icin
e
,
v
o
l.
13
,
n
o
.
1
,
p
p
.
1
-
1
2
,
2
0
1
5
.
[2
8
]
Tw
u
S
.
,
Ch
e
n
T
.
,
Ch
e
n
C
.
,
e
t
a
l
.
,
“
Co
n
tr
o
l
m
e
a
su
re
s
f
o
r
se
v
e
re
a
c
u
te
re
sp
irato
ry
s
y
n
d
ro
m
e
(S
ARS)
in
T
a
iw
a
n
,”
Eme
rg
in
g
I
n
fec
t
io
u
s
Dis
e
a
se
,
v
o
l.
9
,
n
o
.
6
,
p
p
.
7
1
8
-
2
0
,
2
0
0
3
.
[2
9
]
L
a
n
F
e
t
a
l.
,
“
W
o
rk
-
re
late
d
COV
ID
-
1
9
tran
sm
issio
n
in
six
A
sia
n
c
o
u
n
tr
ies
/are
a
s:
A
f
o
ll
o
w
-
u
p
stu
d
y
,
”
PL
o
S
On
e
,
v
o
l.
1
5
,
n
o
.
5
,
p
p
.
1
-
1
1
,
2
0
2
0
.
[3
0
]
F
o
w
ler
J
e
t
a
l.
,
“
T
h
e
Eff
e
c
t
o
f
S
tay
-
at
-
Ho
m
e
Ord
e
rs
o
n
COV
I
D
-
1
9
Ca
se
s
a
n
d
F
a
talit
ies
in
th
e
Un
it
e
d
S
tate
s,
”
me
d
Rxiv
,
p
p
.
1
-
1
4
,
2
0
2
0
,
d
o
i
:
h
tt
p
s://
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o
i
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o
rg
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0
.
1
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0
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2
0
2
0
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0
4
.
1
3
.
2
0
0
6
3
6
2
8
.
[3
1
]
Yilm
a
z
k
u
d
a
y
,
“
S
ta
y
-
at
-
Ho
m
e
Wo
rk
s
to
F
ig
h
t
a
g
a
in
st
CO
V
ID
-
1
9
:
In
tern
a
ti
o
n
a
l
Ev
id
e
n
c
e
f
ro
m
Go
o
g
le
M
o
b
il
it
y
Da
ta
,”
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o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
Hu
ma
n
Be
h
a
v
io
r
i
n
t
h
e
S
o
c
ia
l
En
v
ir
o
n
me
n
t,
F
o
rth
c
o
min
g
,
2
0
2
0
.
[
On
li
n
e
]
.
A
v
a
il
a
b
le
:
h
tt
p
s:/
/ssrn
.
c
o
m
/ab
stra
c
t=3
5
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1
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0
8
o
r
h
tt
p
:/
/
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x
.
d
o
i.
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rg
/
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2
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.
3
5
7
1
7
0
8
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.