Intern
ati
o
n
a
l
Jo
urn
a
l
o
f
P
u
b
lic Hea
l
th Science (IJ
P
HS)
Vol
.
4,
N
o
.
4
,
D
ecem
b
er 20
1
5
, pp
. 27
5~
28
3
I
S
SN
: 225
2-8
8
0
6
2
75
Jo
urn
a
l
h
o
me
pa
ge
: h
ttp
://iaesjo
u
r
na
l.com/
o
n
lin
e/ind
e
x.ph
p
/
IJPHS
The Eff
e
ctiveness
of
Elderly M
a
nagem
e
nt Effort Activi
ties
towards Geriatri
c Depres
sion Sc
ale After Eruption of Merapi
Eko
r
ini Listiowa
ti
1
,
Wa
rih
A
n
da
n P
u
sp
ito
s
ari
1
, Kellyana
Ira
w
at
i
2
1
Medical Edu
c
ation Stud
y
Program of Faculty
of
Medicin
e
and
H
ealth Sciences,
UMY, Indonesia
2
Nursing Stud
y
Program of Facu
lty
of
Medici
ne
and Health
Sciences, UMY,
Ind
onesia
Article Info
A
B
STRAC
T
Article histo
r
y:
Received Aug 15, 2015
Rev
i
sed
Sep
24
, 20
15
Accepted Oct 21, 2015
Disasters can happen due to nature a
nd human
being which cau
se damages,
loss, and det
e
rio
r
ating h
eal
th as
well as
he
alth
ca
re. Ps
yc
hosocial and
mental
heal
th probl
em
s arise
whilst
an
d post disast
er
since d
i
saster
will
le
ad t
o
trauma for those who undergo it. Depre
ssion has comorbidit
y
with dementia
which decre
a
ses the qualit
y of li
fe of th
e elder
l
y, thus
it needs
an effect
iv
e
and s
u
s
t
ainab
l
e t
r
eatm
e
nt wi
th th
e goa
l
to recovercoping mechan
ism toward
ph
y
s
ical
and
ps
y
c
ho-social
problem, prev
ent ph
y
s
ical and ps
y
c
ho-
socialdis
a
bility
,
and optimize ps
y
c
ho-so
ci
a
l
func
tion. The res
ear
ch
aim
e
d to
anal
yz
e the ef
fe
ctiv
enes
s
of Elderl
y
M
a
n
a
gem
e
nt Effort ac
tivi
t
i
e
s
towards
geriatric depr
ession scale of per
m
anent
shelter r
e
sidents in post Eruption of
Merapi. Th
is research was quasi-exper
i
mental r
e
search usingpr
etest postest
design. Th
e subject of
this research
was 40 peo
p
le which m
e
t
t
h
e inc
l
usive
crit
eria: eld
e
rl
y
,
living in shelter
,
having non-
ter
m
inal illn
esses,
and willing
to join the who
l
e res
e
arch
. The
exclus
ive
crit
er
ia were hav
i
ng
a m
e
dica
l
record with severeps
y
c
hological
problem
and DO used for those
who did not
join all session
com
p
letel
y
.
T
h
e sa
m
p
les were taken
using consecutive
sampling method. Th
e instruments used in
this research
we
re th
e Geriatric
Depression Scale
and th
e
Eld
e
rly
Ma
n
a
gement Effor
t
. The data wer
e
analy
z
ed
throug
h t
test
and
chi s
quare. Decr
easin
g of score was f
ound for th
e
Geriatr
i
c Depr
es
sion Scale from 5.2 to
2.
1
and
back to
the scor
e 4.3
at
the
last interv
ention
in the 10
th
mon
t
h. The Eld
e
rly
Management Ef
fortthrough
the activ
ities
inPos
y
andu in
cluding Dance Movement Therap
y
d
a
n
Rem
i
nis
cenc
e
Therap
y w
a
s
proven eff
ect
ive
to dec
r
eas
e
t
h
e Geria
t
ri
c
Depres
s
i
on S
cal
ei
n post disaster.
Keyword:
El
derl
y
M
a
na
g
e
m
e
nt
Eff
o
rt
Geriatric Depression
Scale
Merap
i
Erup
tion
Copyright ©
201
5 Institut
e
o
f
Ad
vanced
Engin
eer
ing and S
c
i
e
nce.
All rights re
se
rve
d
.
Co
rresp
ond
i
ng
Autho
r
:
Eko
r
in
i Listiowati,
M
e
di
cal
Ed
uca
t
i
on St
udy
Pr
o
g
ram
of
Facul
t
y
of
M
e
di
ci
ne
and
Heal
t
h
Sci
e
nces,
Mu
h
a
mm
ad
iya
h
Un
i
v
ersity of Yo
g
y
ak
arta,
Jl
. Li
n
gka
r
Sel
a
t
a
n, Tam
a
nt
i
r
t
o
,
Kasi
han
,
B
a
nt
ul
,
D
I
Y
,
I
n
d
one
si
a.
Em
ai
l
:
ekori
n
i
_
sa
nt
osa
@
um
y
.
ac.i
d
1.
INTRODUCTION
Di
sast
ers ca
n
hap
p
e
n
due
t
o
nat
u
re an
d
h
u
m
an bei
n
g
w
h
i
c
h ca
use
dam
a
ges, l
o
ss,
an
d
det
e
ri
o
r
at
i
n
g
h
ealth
as well as h
ealth
care [1]
,
[
2
]
.
M
a
ny
dam
a
ges wi
t
h
i
n
heal
t
h
care
suc
h
as:
wo
un
ded
peo
p
l
e
, f
o
od a
n
d
clean
water crisis, b
a
d
san
i
t
a
tio
n
,
as
well as in
ad
equ
a
te and
unreac
ha
ble health
ser
v
ices fo
r victim
s [3]
.
Psych
o
so
cial an
d
m
e
n
t
al h
ealth
issu
es arise wh
ilst an
d
p
o
st d
i
saster sin
c
e d
i
saster will lead
to
trau
ma for
th
o
s
e
w
h
o
under
g
o
it [
4
]. I
t
h
a
pp
en
s b
ecause p
s
ycho
log
i
cal p
a
in
em
er
g
e
s alo
n
g
w
ith
ph
ysical w
o
u
nd w
h
en
seei
ng
ot
h
e
r
p
e
opl
e s
u
ffe
red
or
dea
d
,
or
an
ot
he
r en
vi
r
o
n
m
ent
a
l
dest
ruc
t
i
on
whi
c
h t
e
n
d
s t
o
m
a
ke pe
opl
e
w
h
o
un
de
rg
o i
t
t
o
b
e
em
ot
i
onal
l
y
sad a
n
d
de
spe
r
a
t
e [1]
.
Mental health issues
often
cause
d
by tra
u
m
a
ar
e post-traum
atic stres
s
, de
pression,
and anxiety
especi
al
l
y
fo
r
v
u
l
n
e
r
abl
e
gr
ou
ps,
na
m
e
ly the elde
rly. T
h
e
pre
v
alence
of
po
st-d
isast
e
r
depr
ession
v
a
r
i
es
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
S
SN
:
2
252
-88
06
IJPHS Vol. 4, No. 4, D
ecem
ber 2015
:
275 – 283
27
6
depe
n
d
i
n
g o
n
t
h
e sense
of l
o
ss an
d ex
p
o
s
u
re e
xpe
ri
ence
d. I
n
t
h
e eart
h
qua
kes i
n
Ar
m
e
ni
a, 52%
o
f
1
7
8
5
sam
p
l
e
s were di
ag
no
sed t
o
s
u
f
f
er f
r
o
m
depressi
o
n
. D
e
p
r
e
ssi
on ri
s
k
fact
ors i
n
s
u
r
v
ivors are the experienced
losses (l
oss of fam
i
ly
m
e
m
b
ers,
pos
sessions, jobs, s
h
elter,
etc.), the type of
disa
ster, t
h
e location from the
center of the disaster, fem
a
le gender
an
d
bei
n
g al
one at
t
h
e t
i
m
e
t
h
e
di
sast
er ha
p
p
e
n
ed [
5
]
.
B
a
sed
on t
h
e
researc
h
findings a
n
d theories, it is estim
ated t
h
at ni
ne
m
ont
hs aft
e
r
t
h
e
di
sast
er,
t
h
e rat
e
s
o
f
dep
r
essi
o
n
am
ong
s
u
r
v
i
v
ors
i
n
c
r
eased
due
t
o
t
h
e a
d
di
t
i
on
o
f
a se
co
nd
ar
y str
e
sso
r
on
t
h
e su
rviv
or
s su
ch
as
aid
,
the
cert
a
i
n
t
y
o
f
re
s
i
dence,
oc
cu
pa
t
i
on, a
n
d s
o
o
n
[6]
.
O
n
25
O
c
tob
e
r
20
10
to
3
0
N
o
v
e
m
b
er
20
10
, Moun
t Merap
i
er
up
ted
man
y
ti
m
e
s w
i
t
h
th
e larg
est
eru
p
t
i
o
n occ
u
r
r
ed
o
n
Oct
obe
r 2
6
,
w
h
i
c
h l
a
st
ed 2
4
ho
u
r
s
and
N
ovem
b
er
5 i
s
t
h
e l
a
rge
s
t
eru
p
t
i
o
n si
n
ce t
h
e
18
7
0
s. T
h
e a
b
ove m
e
nt
i
one
d i
n
ci
d
e
nt
ca
u
s
ed
35
3
peo
p
l
e
di
ed
di
rect
l
y
as a resul
t
of
h
o
t
cl
ou
ds
.
Aft
e
r
u
n
d
e
r
g
o
i
ng
tr
eat
m
en
t in
h
o
sp
itals, 35
0,000 p
e
op
le
w
e
r
e
d
i
sp
laced
and
ar
oun
d
56
7
h
e
ctar
es of
fo
r
e
sts an
d
settle
m
e
n
t
s in
Sle
m
an
were
da
m
a
g
e
d
.
It is esti
m
a
ted
th
at material lo
sses reach
e
d33
b
illio
nrup
iah
s
[7
].
As a result of t
h
ese conditions, su
rvivors including the elderly sh
ould undergo refugee di
splacem
en
t
for m
o
re th
an
4
tim
es, u
n
til fin
a
lly th
ey o
c
cu
p
i
ed
sh
elters.
Un
til recen
tly,
th
ey h
a
v
e
b
e
en liv
in
g in tem
p
o
r
ary
sh
elters fo
r mo
re th
an
1
year and
are no
t allo
wed
to
retu
rn
to
h
i
s homelan
d
b
ecau
s
e it
is in
a d
a
n
g
e
ro
u
s
t
e
rri
t
o
ry
.
B
a
se
d
on
a
n
earl
y
st
udy
i
n
o
n
e
of
t
h
e s
h
el
t
e
rs t
h
at
i
s
Pel
o
so
kere
p
,
i
t
was
f
o
un
d
out
t
h
at
51
.6%
of
t
h
e
eld
e
rly un
d
e
rwen
t d
e
p
r
ession
. Th
ey co
m
e
fro
m
two
v
illa
ges lo
cated
closest to
th
e p
e
ak o
f
Merap
i
,
so th
ey
su
ffered
th
e mo
st sev
e
re i
m
p
act co
m
p
ared
to
o
t
h
e
r v
illag
e
s. Tod
a
y al
m
o
st all
th
e eld
e
rly (9
0
%
) d
i
d
no
t h
a
ve
a jo
b. Befo
re th
e erup
tion
of
Merap
i
, all
o
f
th
e eld
e
rl
y were cattle farm
ers, who
ev
ery
day lo
ok
ed fo
r
g
r
ass,
took ca
re of t
h
e cows a
n
d m
i
lked t
h
em
and earne
d i
n
com
e
from
such
work. C
u
rr
en
tly, th
ey h
a
v
e
t
o
l
eav
e
th
eir prop
erty, lo
se th
eir fam
ily, p
r
op
erty and
em
p
l
o
y
m
en
t/
in
co
m
e
an
d
alm
o
st h
a
v
e
n
o
activ
ities. Mo
reo
v
e
r,
th
e Posyand
u
activ
ities wh
ich u
s
ed
to
b
e
h
e
l
d
regu
larly isnev
e
r
p
e
rfo
rm
ed
ag
ai
n
after the erup
tion
of
Merap
i
.
Mo
st of
t
h
em
c
o
n
c
ern
e
d abou
t th
eir
ph
ysical h
ealth
w
h
ich
beg
a
n to
g
e
t
ph
ysical co
m
p
lain
t
s
.
Depressi
o
n
h
a
s co
m
o
rb
id
ity with
d
e
m
e
n
tia as well as lo
wering
th
e qu
ality o
f
life o
f
t
h
e eld
e
rly, so
the effective
and s
u
staina
bleefforts in order to im
prove the coping
mechanis
m
s
o
f
th
e ph
ysical and
p
s
ycho
so
cial p
r
ob
lem
s
, to
p
r
ev
en
t/in
h
i
b
i
t
p
h
y
sical and p
s
ycho
so
cial d
i
sab
ilities, an
d
t
o
op
timi
ze th
e
psy
c
h
o
s
o
ci
al
funct
i
o
n ar
e re
qui
red
[8]
.
T
h
eref
ore
,
i
t
req
u
i
r
es t
h
e El
der
l
y
M
a
nagem
e
nt
Eff
o
rt
hel
d
re
gul
a
r
l
y
with
v
a
riou
s typ
e
s o
f
activ
it
ies, su
ch
as
gy
m
n
astics,
h
ealth
ed
u
cation
,
relax
a
tion
,
m
u
sic activ
ities,
sk
ills,
spiritual
gui
da
nce so that
pat
i
ents
can acce
pt the sit
u
ation, and
pre
p
a
r
e
t
h
em
selves for
all possi
bilities
in the
fut
u
re
[
9
]
.
B
a
sed
o
n
t
h
i
s
back
g
r
o
u
n
d
,
t
h
e
researc
h
e
r
wa
nt
s t
o
p
r
ovi
de i
n
t
e
rve
n
t
i
on
on
t
h
e
El
derl
y
Man
a
g
e
m
e
n
t
Effo
rt activ
ities
in
sh
elters for t
h
e su
rv
ivors
o
f
po
st Erup
tion
o
f
Merap
i
.
2.
R
E
SEARC
H M
ETHOD
Th
is stud
y was a q
u
a
si-exp
eri
m
en
tal p
r
etest-p
o
s
ttest
desi
gn
. The su
b
j
ect
s st
udy
we
re t
h
e
el
derl
y
i
n
Po
sya
ndu
Petun
g
and
Pag
e
rju
r
ang
v
illag
e
,
Can
g
k
r
i
n
g
a
n
,
Sl
e
m
an
, Yo
g
y
ak
arta. Th
e
research
was con
d
u
c
ted
fr
om
Februa
ry
20
1
3
t
o
Fe
br
uary
20
1
4
.T
he
num
ber
of
st
udy
s
u
bject
s
was
40 el
derl
y
pe
opl
e
wi
t
h
i
n
cl
usi
o
n
criteria o
f
eld
e
rly, liv
in
g
in
a sh
elter, h
a
v
i
ng
no
n-term
in
al
illn
esses, will
in
g
to
p
a
rticip
ate in
th
e stu
d
y
u
n
til
co
m
p
letio
n
.
Th
e subj
ects with
sev
e
re m
e
n
t
al issu
es an
d
d
i
d
no
t co
m
p
lete th
e fu
ll treat
m
e
n
t
sessio
n
s were
excluded from
the study sam
p
le. Sam
p
ling was done
by consecutive sam
p
ling.
M
a
t
e
ri
al
s and
t
ool
s use
d
i
n
t
h
i
s
st
udy
w
e
re sp
hy
gm
om
anom
et
er, wei
ght
scal
es,
hei
ght
ga
u
g
es,
st
et
hosc
ope
, C
D
, l
a
pt
o
p
,
LC
D, s
o
un
d
sy
st
em
, quest
i
o
n
n
ai
res,
ha
nd
b
o
o
k
s
an
d act
i
v
i
t
y
l
o
g.
The de
pe
nde
nt
vari
abl
e
i
n
t
h
i
s
st
udy
was
ge
ri
at
ri
c dep
r
essi
on sc
or
es, w
h
i
l
e t
h
e i
nde
pen
d
e
nt
vari
a
b
l
e
was t
h
e act
i
v
i
t
i
e
s of t
h
e El
derl
y
M
a
na
ge
m
e
nt
Effo
rt
. E
l
derl
y
dep
r
essi
on
was a st
at
e of sa
dne
ss,
l
o
ss o
f
i
n
t
e
rest
an
d
j
o
y
an
d
decre
a
se of
ene
r
gy
t
o
wa
rds
co
n
d
i
t
i
ons
of
t
i
r
edne
ss an
d l
o
s
s
of l
i
f
e
ex
pe
ct
ancy
expe
ri
ence
d
by
t
h
e el
de
rl
y
i
n
shel
t
e
rs i
n
p
o
st
Eru
p
t
i
o
n
of M
e
rapi
.
I
n
t
h
i
s
st
udy
, t
h
e
dep
r
e
ssi
on
was m
easure
d
by the
Geriatri
c De
pressi
on
Scale (GDS). El
derlyMana
g
ement
Effort was a
routine
activi
t
y carried
out for t
h
e
h
ealth
of th
e
eld
e
rly in
clu
d
i
n
g
eld
e
rly g
y
m
n
astics, h
eal
th
ed
u
c
atio
n, relax
a
tion
,
m
u
sic activ
ities,
sk
ills,
sp
iritu
al gu
id
an
ce so
th
at p
a
ti
en
ts cou
l
d
accep
t th
e situ
atio
n
,
and
prep
ared
th
em
selv
es for th
e p
o
ssib
ilities th
at
wou
l
d
h
a
p
p
e
n
in
th
e fu
ture [9
]. In
th
is case, th
ese
were
reactiv
atin
g
act
iv
ities in
Po
sy
an
dub
y equ
i
ppin
g
it
with
activ
ities
for m
e
n
t
al h
ealth
.
Geriatric De
pression
Scale (GDS)
was use
d
to m
eas
u
r
e th
e lev
e
l of
elder
l
y d
e
pr
ession an
d
h
a
s been
stan
d
a
rd
ized
by th
e Min
i
stry o
f
Health
of th
e Rep
u
b
lic o
f
In
don
esi
a
with
a sen
s
itiv
ity o
f
84
% and
a
specificity of 95%
[10]. T
h
e
data were
analy
zed
using C
h
i
Square
and T
test.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
J
PH
S I
S
SN
:
225
2-8
8
0
6
Th
e Effectiven
ess
o
f
Eld
e
rly Man
a
g
e
men
t
Effo
rt
Ac
tivities
to
wa
rd
s
Geria
t
ric .... (Eko
ri
n
i
Listio
wa
ti)
27
7
3.
R
E
SU
LTS AN
D ANA
LY
SIS
3.
1.
Results
Th
e lo
cation
of th
is research
was in
p
e
rm
an
en
t sh
elters inPetu
ng
,
Kaliade
m
,
Pag
e
rju
r
ang
and
Jam
bu
h
a
m
l
e
t
s situ
at
ed
in
Kepu
h
a
rjo
Villag
e
, Can
gkring
a
n,
Sle
m
an
, Yo
g
y
akarta Sp
ecial Prov
in
ce. Kep
u
h
a
rjo
Villag
e
, b
e
fo
re th
e eru
p
tion
of Merap
i
in
201
0, was
l
o
cated
approx
im
ate
l
y 5
k
m
fro
m
t
h
e p
e
ak
b
u
t
n
o
w th
e
d
i
stan
ce b
e
comes 1
1
k
m
fro
m
th
e v
o
l
can
o
su
mmit as
th
e lo
catio
n
o
f
th
e
v
illag
e
was m
o
v
e
d
b
y
th
e
Go
ve
rnm
e
nt
. The h
o
u
ses a
n
d p
r
o
p
e
r
t
i
e
s of
i
t
s
resi
dent
s l
o
st
due t
o
heat
cl
ou
ds an
d er
u
p
t
i
ons t
h
at
occ
u
rre
d at
th
e
o
l
d
l
o
cation
.
No
w,
p
e
rm
an
en
t
sh
elters for th
e resi
d
e
n
t
s
were bu
ilt up
i
n
a n
e
w l
o
cation
.
Nu
m
b
er of
fa
m
i
l
y
and the total of the reside
nce
each ham
l
et
i
n
Ke
puha
rjo Village, Cangkri
nga
n, Sl
em
an, Yogyaka
r
ta Special
Provi
n
ce ca
n
be seen in Ta
ble
1.
Tab
l
e 1
.
Kep
u
h
a
rjo
Villag
e
co
n
s
ists of 8
h
a
mlets
No
Na
m
e
of
the Ha
m
l
et
Nu
m
b
e
r
of
RT/R
W
(
N
eighbor
hood W
a
r
d
)
Nu
m
b
e
r
of
Fa
m
i
l
y
Total of the
Residence
1
Kaliadem
4 RT
/ 2 R
W
129
398
2
Jam
b
u
4 RT
/ 2 R
W
102
307
3
Petung
4 RT
/ 2 R
W
102
310
4
Kopeng
5 RT
/ 2 R
W
123
385
5
Batur
4 RT
/ 2 R
W
129
375
6
Pager
j
ur
ang
4 RT
/ 2 R
W
127
395
7
Kepuh
4 RT
/ 2 R
W
100
380
8
M
a
nggong
4 RT
/ 2 R
W
90
267
T
o
tal 902
2817
Secon
d
a
ry
Data Source Tak
e
n
fro
m
th
e
Arch
iev
e
of Kepuh
arjo
Villag
e
20
13
Tabl
e
1 s
h
owe
d
t
h
e
num
ber
of
Ke
p
uha
r
j
o
’
s
resi
dent
s
i
s
2
8
1
7
pe
o
p
l
e
wi
t
h
Kal
i
a
dem
Ham
l
et
as t
h
e
lar
g
est
o
n
e
(298
p
e
op
le) and
t
h
e
f
e
w
e
st is Man
ggo
ng
H
a
m
l
et (
267
p
e
op
le)
T
h
e
so
c
i
e
t
y wo
rk
ed
in
a
g
r
i
c
u
ltu
r
e
,
an
ima
l
hu
s
b
and
r
y, en
tr
ep
r
e
n
e
ur
s
an
d c
i
v
il s
e
rv
an
ts
.
Mo
s
t
of
th
em
were farmers and
sto
c
kbreed
erwh
en
th
ey were still res
i
d
i
n
g
in
th
e
o
l
d
lo
catio
n
o
f
th
e resid
e
n
ce (prio
r
t
o
t
h
e er
upt
i
on
o
f
M
e
rapi
)
.
Ho
w
e
ver a
f
t
e
r t
h
e e
r
u
p
t
i
o
n, a
g
ri
c
u
l
t
u
ral
l
a
n
d
w
h
i
c
h c
oul
d n
o
t
b
e
pl
ant
e
dbeca
m
e
one
o
f
th
e
factors t
h
at cou
l
d d
e
grad
e th
e qu
ality o
f
life of t
h
e el
d
e
rly.
Kepuh
arjo
area is o
n
e
o
f
th
e
v
illag
e
s in
th
e d
i
strict o
f
Cang
kring
a
n
,
lo
cat
ed
on
th
e slo
p
es o
f
Mou
n
t
Merapi,
whic
h
was a
disaster-prone areas
. T
h
e pe
ople in
cluding the el
derl
y group
were
prepa
r
ed t
o
a
n
ticipate
th
e d
i
saster sit
u
atio
n. Kepu
harjo
v
illag
e
h
a
d
8
Po
syan
du
i
n
8
ham
l
ets th
ere.
Po
sya
ndu
activ
ities
were carried
out
re
g
u
l
a
rl
y
o
n
ce a m
ont
h i
m
pl
em
ent
e
d i
ndepe
n
d
ent
l
y
u
nde
r t
h
e s
upe
r
v
i
s
i
o
n o
f
a hea
l
t
h
cent
e
r.
Wh
en t
h
e
eruption occured,
Po
syan
du
fo
r t
h
e eld
e
rly
h
a
d stop
p
e
d
it
s activ
ities for
sev
e
ral m
o
n
t
hs, bu
t
n
o
w
Po
sya
ndu
activ
ities were
carried ou
t
regu
larly in
all
h
a
mlets in
th
e n
e
w
p
e
rm
an
en
t sh
elters.
The c
h
aracte
r
istics of t
h
e re
s
p
ondents i
n
this study
t
o
det
e
rm
i
n
e t
h
e ge
neral
ov
er
vi
ew
of
resea
r
c
h
resp
o
nde
nt
s w
e
re age, ge
n
d
e
r, ed
ucat
i
o
n,
occu
pat
i
o
n
,
m
a
ri
t
a
l
st
at
us, st
at
us of l
i
v
i
n
g
,
an
d t
h
e st
at
us o
f
iln
esses. C
h
aracteristics o
f
resp
ond
en
ts in
t
h
is stud
y can b
e
seen
i
n
Tab
l
e
2.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
S
SN
:
2
252
-88
06
IJPHS Vol. 4, No. 4, D
ecem
ber 2015
:
275 – 283
27
8
Tabl
e
2.
Fre
q
u
e
ncy
Di
st
ri
but
i
o
n
o
f
t
h
e C
h
a
r
act
eri
s
t
i
c
s of
R
e
sp
on
de
nt
s i
n
Pet
u
n
g
a
n
d Pa
ger
j
ura
n
g
Ham
l
et
s,
Kepuh
arjo
Villag
e
, Cang
kringan
,
Slem
an
Characteristic
N
%
1.
Age
60-
74 y
ear
s old
75-
90 y
ear
s old
28
12
70
30
2.
G
e
n
d
er
Male
Fe
m
a
le
0
40
0
100.
0
3.
Education
Did not attend school
Pr
im
ary
School
Secondar
y
School
High School
19
19
0
2
47.
5
47.
5
0
5
4.
Occupation
Une
m
p
l
oyed
Far
m
e
r
/Stockbreed
er
10
30
25
75
5.
Marital Status
Mar
r
ied
Divor
ce due to death
Un
m
a
r
r
ied
19
20
1
47.
5
50
2.
5
6.
Living along
w
i
t
h
Fa
m
i
l
y
Alone
31
9
77.
5
22.
5
7.
Status of Illn
esses
No
Physical Illness
24
16
60
40
Analyzed primary data s
o
urce
Tabl
e 2 sh
ow
e
d
al
l
respo
n
d
e
n
t
s
i
n
t
h
e st
ud
y
were geri
at
ri
c wom
a
n (10
0
%
) wi
t
h
t
h
e bi
gge
st
gr
ou
p i
s
60
-
74 y
ear
s ol
d (
7
0%)
.
A
b
o
u
t
9
5
%
of
res
p
o
n
d
ent
s
ha
d l
o
w e
d
ucat
i
o
na
l
back
gr
o
u
n
d
,
di
d
not
at
t
e
n
d
sch
ool
and
pri
m
ary
scho
ol
. T
h
e bi
g
g
e
st
gro
u
p
R
e
sp
on
de
nt
s occ
u
p
a
t
i
on was
farm
er/
s
t
o
ck
b
r
eede
r
(7
5%
). A
n
d 5
0
%
o
f
resp
o
nde
nt
s w
e
re di
vo
rce d
u
e t
o
deat
h,
77
.5
% o
f
t
h
e
m
were l
i
v
i
n
g
al
on
g wi
t
h
f
a
m
i
ly
. An
d 4
0
%
o
f
respon
d
e
n
t
s h
a
d
p
h
y
sical
illn
ess.
All of the res
p
onde
nts of t
h
is study were wom
e
n.
It is because the num
b
er of el
derly wom
e
n were
m
o
re an
d
th
ey j
o
in
ed
P
o
sy
an
du
activ
ities on
a regu
lar b
a
sis so
th
ey co
u
l
d
fo
llow th
e g
i
v
e
n
in
terv
en
tion.
Eld
e
rly m
e
n
wo
rk
ed
o
u
t
sid
e
th
e
h
o
m
e so
t
h
ey rarely jo
ined
th
e activ
ities carried ou
t in
Po
sya
ndu
rou
tinely.
In
epi
d
em
i
o
l
ogy
,
wom
e
n ha
d a
hi
g
h
e
r
pre
v
al
ence
o
f
de
pressi
o
n
t
h
a
n
m
e
n wi
t
h
a ra
t
i
o
bet
w
e
e
n
wom
e
n and
m
e
n 2:
1 i
n
t
h
e el
derl
y
.
It
i
s
caused d
u
e
t
o
psy
c
h
o
l
o
gi
cal
fact
ors
and
bi
ol
o
g
i
cal
fact
ors
expe
ri
ence
d
by
el
derl
y
w
o
m
e
n. B
i
ol
ogi
cal
f
act
or
whi
c
h
oc
curs
i
n
wom
e
n
i
s
h
o
rm
onal
c
h
an
ges
w
h
i
c
h
becom
e
one
o
f
t
h
e ri
s
k
fact
or
s t
h
at
m
a
kes el
derl
y
w
o
m
e
n m
o
re v
u
l
n
erabl
e
t
o
dep
r
e
ssi
on
[
11]
.
Based
o
n
ag
e,
2
8
eld
e
r
l
y (
70%)
w
e
r
e
in
60-
74
years
o
f
ag
e
g
r
ou
p.
A
c
co
rd
ing
t
o
th
e
W
o
r
l
d H
ealth
Or
ga
ni
zat
i
on (
W
H
O
)
,
t
h
e cat
ego
r
y
of el
de
rl
y
i
s
bet
w
een 6
0
-
7
4 y
ears. 3
0
%
of t
h
e res
p
o
nde
nt
s bel
o
n
g
e
d
t
o
ol
d
gr
o
up (
7
5 –
90
y
ears ol
d) a
n
d
no
ne o
f
t
h
e re
spo
n
d
e
n
t
s
(0%
)
bel
o
n
g
ed t
o
very
ol
d age
g
r
o
u
p
(ab
o
v
e 9
0
y
ears
ol
d
)
.
Elderly
is a risk facto
r
f
o
r n
u
m
er
ous heal
t
h
pr
o
b
l
e
m
s
i
n
cl
udi
n
g
m
e
nt
al health issues. T
h
e elderly is
su
scep
tib
le to ch
ang
e
s i
n
p
h
y
si
o
l
og
ical syste
m
s, su
scep
tib
ility to
v
a
riou
s d
i
seases, and
p
s
ycholo
g
i
cal
v
u
l
n
e
rab
ilities in
clu
d
i
n
g
feeli
n
g useless,
feelin
g
sad
easily, in
so
m
n
ia, stre
ss, d
e
pressi
o
n
,
anx
i
ety, d
e
men
tia,
and
del
i
r
i
u
m
[12]
.
For
t
h
e c
h
a
r
a
c
t
e
ri
st
i
c
s of
r
e
sp
on
de
nt
s by
t
h
e ed
ucat
i
o
n
l
e
vel
i
n
bot
h
gr
o
ups
,
19 el
derl
y
pe
o
p
l
e
(4
7.
5%
)
di
d
n
o
t
at
t
e
nd sc
h
ool
,
1
9
peo
p
l
e
(4
7.
5%)
we
nt
t
o
p
r
im
ary
scho
ol
a
n
d
o
n
l
y
2
el
de
r
l
y
(5%
)
hel
d
a
hi
g
h
scho
o
l
edu
catio
n. Th
is sho
w
ed
that th
e m
a
j
o
rity of
re
sp
o
nde
nt
s
ha
d a
l
o
w
ed
ucat
i
o
n l
e
vel
.
L
o
w e
d
u
cat
i
o
n
b
eco
m
e
s o
n
e
of th
e risk
factors fo
r poo
r
q
u
a
lity
o
f
life
an
d v
u
l
n
e
rab
ility
o
f
d
e
pression
i
n
th
e eld
e
rly.
Based
o
n
t
h
e su
rv
ey
o
f
t
h
e qu
ality o
f
life i
n
th
e
Un
ited
States,
it
sh
owed
th
at the lo
wer th
e level o
f
ed
u
cati
o
n is, th
e
worse
qu
ality o
f
life is. Th
e lo
wer
qu
ality o
f
life lead
s t
o
vu
ln
erab
ility o
f
d
e
pressi
o
n
[1
3].
For
t
h
e
cha
r
act
eri
s
t
i
c
s of
res
p
o
n
d
ent
s
by
occu
pat
i
on,
3
0
el
de
rl
y
pe
opl
e
(
7
5
%
)
we
re
farm
ers/stock
b
r
eede
r
.
The
m
a
jo
rity
of
re
si
de
nts in t
h
e st
udy area
worke
d
as
a fa
rm
er or
searche
d
grass
in the
forest,
an
d
10
eld
e
rly
(2
5%) were un
em
p
l
o
y
ed
. Accord
i
n
g
to Maryam
, et al, th
e eld
e
rl
y will u
n
d
e
rgo so
cial
ch
ang
e
s su
ch
as a ch
an
g
e
of ro
les, fam
ily
, eco
no
m
y
, p
o
litics, law, secu
rity, recreatio
n
,
and
edu
c
atio
n
.
R
e
t
i
r
em
ent
under
g
one
by
t
h
e el
derl
y
al
so m
a
kes t
h
em
feel
l
onel
y
, em
pt
y
and n
o
t
app
r
eci
at
ed i
n
hi
s l
i
f
e
because
they have fewer opport
unities
than when they
were you
nger. It can
m
a
ke
the
elderly suscept
i
ble to
dep
r
essi
on
[
1
4
]
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
J
PH
S I
S
SN
:
225
2-8
8
0
6
Th
e Effectiven
ess
o
f
Eld
e
rly Man
a
g
e
men
t
Effo
rt
Ac
tivities
to
wa
rd
s
Geria
t
ric .... (Eko
ri
n
i
Listio
wa
ti)
27
9
Ocurre
nce
of
natural disasters
expe
rience
d
by the el
derly might also
bri
n
g a
m
a
jor im
pact for t
h
em,
because access
to the forests
whe
r
e they usually looked
fo
r grass
,
wood, a
nd ea
rned
a living
becam
e very far.
Th
is
resu
lted
jo
b lo
sses
for t
h
e el
d
e
rly. Lo
sin
g
a
j
ob is
a s
ituation t
h
at ca
n l
o
we
r sel
f-es
t
ee
m
which ca
n lea
d
t
o
st
ress
an
d
ps
y
c
hos
oci
a
l
fact
ors
t
h
at
ca
n ca
use
de
pressi
on
[1
5]
.
The fre
quency of characte
r
is
tics of
resp
on
dent
s ba
sed o
n
t
h
ei
r m
a
ri
t
a
l st
at
us sho
w
e
d
2
0
el
derl
y
peo
p
l
e
(
5
0.
0%
) al
rea
d
y
di
d
not
ha
ve a s
p
ous
e beca
use t
h
e s
p
o
u
se
di
e
d
. T
h
e
r
e wa
s
onl
y
one
res
p
on
de
nt
(2
.5%
)
wh
o i
s
unm
arri
ed
. M
a
ri
t
a
l
st
at
us i
s
one
o
f
t
h
e
ri
sk
fact
o
r
s o
f
i
n
ci
dence
o
f
dep
r
e
ssi
on i
n
t
h
e el
derl
y
.
Acco
r
d
i
n
g t
o
F
r
eu
d an
d
Karl
Ab
ra
ham
,
depr
essi
on i
n
t
h
e el
derl
y
m
a
y occur
due t
o
t
h
e l
o
ss
of a l
o
ve
d
ob
ject
(pe
r
s
on
or abs
t
ract objects s
u
ch as s
o
cial s
t
atus).
In
add
itio
n
,
th
e l
o
ss
of a life
p
a
rt
n
e
r is th
e
p
s
ychoso
c
ial
factor that ca
n
aggra
v
ate de
pressio
n
on
el
d
e
rly [
1
5
]
.
For
t
h
e c
h
a
r
ac
t
e
ri
st
i
c
s of
res
p
o
n
d
ent
s
base
d
on
st
at
us
of
l
i
v
i
ng,
3
1
el
de
rl
y
pe
opl
e
(7
7.
5%)
st
ay
ed
with
th
ei
r fam
i
ly. Lik
e
th
e life p
a
ttern
th
ey
h
a
d in
t
h
eir
o
l
d ho
u
s
i
n
g, so
m
e
p
e
o
p
l
e liv
ed
clo
s
e to th
eir child
ren.
Whe
n
thei
r chi
l
dre
n
got m
a
rried,
usually pa
rents built th
em
a house
near t
h
eir pare
nts'
hous
e, bec
a
use
m
o
stl
y
people ha
d large land a
n
d their childre
n worke
d
in a pl
ace not fa
r from
whe
r
e they lived. T
h
ere
f
ore,
a large
fam
i
ly sta
y
ed close to each
othe
r aro
und their pa
re
nts. In the ne
w shelter,
this pattern also rem
a
ined to be
im
pl
em
ent
e
d so t
h
e fam
i
l
y
l
i
ved cl
ose t
o
ea
ch ot
her e
v
en t
h
o
u
gh al
one
, a
nd s
o
m
e
even
ende
d
up c
h
oo
si
ng t
o
liv
e with
th
eir
ch
ild
ren
.
Th
ese co
nd
itio
n
s
m
a
d
e
th
e eld
e
rly feel they had
enough s
u
pport from
fa
m
i
ly in the
n
e
igh
bor
hoo
d. So
cial sup
port f
r
o
m
f
a
m
ily
an
d th
e env
i
ronm
ent are ass
o
ciated with
de
pressi
o
n
e
xpe
r
i
enced
b
y
a p
e
rson
.
Lack
of so
cial su
ppo
rt
will
m
a
k
e
th
e el
d
e
rly u
n
a
b
l
e to
m
a
in
tain
a sen
s
e
o
f
self-esteem
an
d
can
l
ead t
o
de
pres
s
i
on
o
n
t
h
e
el
de
rl
y
[1
5]
.
For t
h
e cha
r
act
eri
s
t
i
c
s of res
p
on
de
nt
s base
d
on
di
sease st
at
us,
24 el
de
rl
y
peo
p
l
e
(
6
0
%
)
were
heal
t
h
y
,
wh
ile
1
6
el
d
e
rly p
e
op
le (4
0%) had
illn
esses. Statu
s
o
f
p
h
y
sical illn
ess g
r
eatly affects th
e o
c
cu
rren
ce
o
f
d
e
pressi
o
n
i
n
a p
e
rson
, as someo
n
e
who
h
a
s a p
h
y
sical illn
ess can
in
crease th
e su
scep
tib
ility to
d
e
p
r
essio
n
i
n
the elde
rly especially when there is a
de
t
e
ri
o
r
at
i
o
n
o
f
phy
si
cal
fu
nct
i
o
n
[8
]
,
[1
4]
.
Diseases that ofte
n ca
use
de
pressi
on in a
person
a
r
e diabetes
m
e
llitus, hy
pe
rtensio
n
,
heart failure
,
d
ecreased
liver an
d
k
i
dney fu
n
c
tion
,
Park
inson
'
s d
i
sease, Alzh
eim
e
r
'
s d
i
s
ease, strok
e
, arth
ritis,
cereb
ro
vasc
ul
a
r
di
sease, vi
ral
i
n
fect
i
o
ns,
e
n
d
o
cri
n
o
p
at
hi
es
, l
y
m
phom
a
m
a
li
gna
ncy
an
d ka
rsi
n
om
a
[15]
.
Geriatric De
pression Sc
ore in the
Po
syand
u
of Pa
ger
j
ura
n
g
and Pet
u
n
g
H
a
m
l
et
s was
m
e
asure
d
t
h
ree
ti
m
e
s: 1
)
In Ap
ril 201
3, b
e
fore th
e
in
terv
en
tion
of Eld
e
rly Man
a
g
e
m
e
n
t
Efforts b
y
prov
id
ing
Dance/
M
ovem
e
nt
Thera
p
y
and rem
i
ni
scence t
h
era
p
y
as t
h
e pret
est
score, 2
)
i
n
M
a
y
2013a
f
t
er t
h
e
i
n
t
e
rve
n
t
i
o
n as
t
h
e p
o
st
t
e
st
s
c
ore
,
3
)
i
n
Fe
br
uary
20
1
3
a
s
t
h
e ev
al
uat
i
o
n sc
ore t
a
ken
10 m
ont
hs aft
e
r t
h
e
im
pl
em
ent
a
t
i
o
n
of
t
h
e El
derl
y
M
a
nagem
e
nt
Ef
fo
rt
.
The i
n
st
rum
e
nt
used t
o
m
easure t
h
e l
e
vel
o
f
de
pr
es
sion in the elderly wa
s the Ge
riatric Depressi
on
Scal
e (G
DS)
wi
t
h
i
n
t
e
r
p
ret
a
t
i
on G
D
S sc
ore as 0
-
4
(n
orm
a
l
)
, 5-
8 (
m
i
l
d
depressi
on
), 9
-
11 (m
ode
rat
e
dep
r
essi
on
), an
d 1
2
-
1
5 (se
v
er
e dep
r
essi
o
n
)
.
Dep
r
essi
on sc
o
r
es as t
h
e val
u
e of t
h
e p
r
e-t
e
st
resp
on
de
nt
s had
a
mean of
5.2 that is not in t
h
e
categ
or
y of
m
i
l
d
d
e
pr
essi
o
n
.
A
f
ter th
e i
n
te
rvention, the m
ean sc
ore
dec
r
eased t
o
2.
1. w
h
i
c
h m
e
ans t
h
at
t
h
e l
e
vel
of
dep
r
essi
on i
s
n
o
t
dep
r
e
ssed o
r
n
o
rm
al. Dep
r
essi
o
n
s
c
ore assess
ed
aft
e
r 1
0
m
o
n
t
h
s
o
f
in
terv
en
tion
activ
ities was 4
.
3
b
e
l
o
ng
ing
to
th
e
n
o
rm
al ca
teg
o
r
y, b
u
t
sho
w
ed
an
in
crease and
was
co
nsid
ered
reach
ing
th
e limit o
f
m
i
ld
d
e
pressi
o
n
cat
ego
r
y
.
De
p
r
es
si
on l
e
vel
cl
a
ssi
fi
cat
i
on
bas
e
d o
n
responde
nts'
GDS sc
ores is se
en in Ta
ble 3.
Tabl
e
3. R
e
s
p
o
nde
nt
s’
De
p
r
es
si
on
Sc
ore i
n
P
r
et
est
an
d P
o
st
t
e
st
Depr
ession scor
e
Norm
al
M
ild De
pr
ession M
oder
a
te
Depr
ession
Pr
e
T
e
st
12 (
(
30 %)
23 (
58 %)
5 (
12 %)
Post T
e
st
37 (
92 %)
4 (
7
%)
0 (
0
%)
After
10
m
onths
18 (
45 %)
21 (
53 %)
1 (
2
%)
Tab
l
e
3
sh
ow
ed
th
at
b
e
for
e
i
n
terv
en
tion
m
o
st of
r
e
sp
onden
t
s w
e
r
e
i
n
mild
d
e
pr
ession
lev
e
l
(
5
8
%
)
an
d
after in
terv
ension
, th
e Dep
r
essi
on Score was decrea
se
d and 92% res
p
ond
en
ts
b
ecame n
o
r
m
a
l
lev
e
l. Bu
t
aft
e
r 1
0
m
ont
h
s
of i
n
t
e
rve
n
t
i
o
n
,
m
o
st
of res
p
o
n
d
ent
s
’ de
pr
essi
on sc
o
r
e (
5
3%)
ret
u
rne
d
t
o
m
i
l
d
dep
r
ess
i
on as
bef
o
re
.
3.
2.
An
al
ysi
s
M
i
l
d
de
pressi
o
n
l
e
vel
e
x
peri
e
n
ced
by
t
h
e el
derl
y
depi
ct
ed
on
t
h
e
pr
e t
e
st
coul
d
be ca
use
d
by
m
a
n
y
fact
or
s t
h
at
i
n
fl
ue
nce
dep
r
es
si
on
. T
h
e el
de
rl
y
i
n
Pet
u
n
g
and
Pa
ger
j
ura
n
g
w
e
r
e t
h
e
su
rvi
v
o
r
s
of
M
e
rapi
’
s
erup
tion
h
a
pp
en
ed in 201
0 so th
at it b
e
cam
e
th
e add
itio
n
a
l
risk fact
o
r
s for th
em
as th
e su
scep
tib
le grou
p in
th
e d
i
saster area. Erup
tio
n
of
Mer
a
p
i
in
2
0
1
0
, ev
en
t
h
ough
it h
a
s
b
e
en
fo
r
sev
e
r
a
l years, w
a
s a r
e
m
a
r
k
ab
l
e
di
sast
er
w
h
i
c
h
co
ul
d
caus
e
m
e
nt
al
di
so
rde
r
s
fo
r s
o
m
e
on
e w
h
o
e
xpe
ri
e
n
ced
i
t
.
T
h
e
m
e
nt
al
di
so
rde
r
c
oul
d
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
S
SN
:
2
252
-88
06
IJPHS Vol. 4, No. 4, D
ecem
ber 2015
:
275 – 283
28
0
hap
p
e
n
beca
us
e t
h
e el
derl
y
were
una
bl
e t
o
pass
rec
onst
r
uct
i
o
n p
h
ase
t
h
at
t
h
ey
expe
ri
ence
d w
h
i
c
h
t
h
e
n
resul
t
e
d
i
n
m
e
nt
al
di
s
o
r
d
er
s,
one
o
f
t
h
em
was de
pre
ssi
o
n
.
T
h
e i
n
c
r
ease
d
of
de
pres
si
o
n
on
post
di
sast
er
p
e
ri
o
d
on
the su
rvi
v
o
r
s,
as re
po
rted o
n
a
resea
r
ch, means t
h
at odds
risk is
1,44
com
p
ar
ed
to
con
t
r
o
l
[
1
6
]
.
An
ot
he
r fact
or
t
h
at
m
i
ght
cause dep
r
essi
o
n
on el
derl
y
was
a great
cha
nge
expe
ri
ence
d b
y
t
h
em
. The
chan
ges
,
f
o
r i
n
st
ance,
were
t
h
ei
r h
o
m
e
s t
h
at
use
d
t
o
be
ne
ar t
h
e
pea
k
o
f
t
h
e m
ount
ai
n
a
s
t
h
ei
r l
i
vi
n
g
s
were
m
oved t
o
pe
r
m
anent
resi
de
nce
Hu
nia
n
Tet
a
p
(
HUN
TAP)
w
h
i
c
h a
r
e i
n
t
h
e sa
fer z
o
ne
of M
o
unt
E
r
u
p
t
i
o
n
o
f
Merapi.
Hence
,
the elderly had to leave t
h
e place wh
ich becam
e their
hom
es since they were
born. They
neede
d
t
o
a
d
a
p
t in the
ne
w living
place. The
othe
r fact
or
that cause
d
depression wa
s
the
loss of
their be
love
d
pos
sessi
o
n
s, ei
t
h
er
peo
p
l
e
o
r
t
h
i
n
gs. L
o
si
n
g
som
e
one t
h
at
t
h
ey
l
ove,
fo
r i
n
st
ance t
h
ei
r h
u
sb
an
d/
wi
fe
or
ot
her
fam
i
l
y
and l
o
s
i
ng t
h
ei
r
h
o
m
e
s an
d al
l
of
hi
s fa
rm
anim
al
s can ca
use
dep
r
essi
on
o
n
t
h
em
[8]
,
[1
7]
.
Th
ose
fact
or
s we
re e
xpe
ri
ence
d
by
t
h
e res
p
on
de
nt
s;
t
h
ey
l
o
st
their p
r
ope
rty
,
farm
an
i
m
als, f
a
m
i
ly, f
r
i
ends and
relatives because of th
e
eruption of Me
rapi.
Physical diseas
e experience
d
by
t
h
e el
de
rl
y
coul
d al
so
cau
se t
h
e de
p
r
essi
on
si
nce m
a
ny
of t
h
em
had
diseases that irritate their acti
v
itie
s so that they becam
e
more
passive
a
n
d de
pressed [8],[1
7]. Respondents’
characte
r
istics base
d on
disea
s
e status am
ong ot
hers
we
re
high
bl
ood pre
ssure
, oste
oa
rthritis and rhe
u
m
a
toid
arth
ritis. It is
men
tio
n
e
d
t
h
at
th
e d
i
sease that co
u
l
d
cau
s
e d
e
pression
o
n
eld
e
rly were
card
i
o
v
a
scu
l
ar, h
i
gh
blood press
u
re
, stroke, chroni
c disease e
x
perienced
by el
derly and ca
rcinoma [18].
Th
e
d
e
p
r
essi
on lev
e
l
wh
en
pre-test was cond
u
c
ted
was i
n
mild
an
d no
rm
al, on
ly a
few
o
f
th
em
were
in
th
e m
e
d
i
u
m
and
n
o
n
e
of t
h
em
was in
sev
e
re lev
e
l.
Th
i
s
was b
ecau
s
e th
e eld
e
rly in Petun
g
v
illage and
Pag
e
r Jurang
v
illag
e
h
a
d
b
e
g
u
n
th
eir acti
v
ities an
d
work
d
e
sp
ite th
e
fact th
at th
e resid
e
n
t
s
b
u
ilt b
y
th
e
gove
rnm
e
nt were away from
their pre
v
ious
reside
nts. They
already
had hous
es from
the
governm
e
nt because
o
f
t
h
e eru
p
tion, in
Aug
u
s
t
2
0
1
2
t
h
ey h
a
v
e
liv
ed
i
n
th
e
p
e
rman
en
t residences and
th
ey liv
ed
with
th
ei
r
fam
i
lies
in m
o
re com
f
orta
ble places
and which
are
close to their neighbors s
o
th
at social int
e
r
action support wa
s
i
nve
nt
ed am
ong t
h
em
. Theref
ore
,
t
h
e el
derl
y
fel
t
bet
t
e
r com
p
ared t
o
whe
n
t
h
ey
were i
n
t
e
m
porary
she
l
t
e
rs,
bef
o
re
t
h
ey
we
re m
oved
t
o
pe
rm
anent
resi
de
nt
s.
Po
sya
ndu
for t
h
e elderly was
also conducted regularly by
the elderly cadres in Kepuharjo ham
l
et and
t
h
e em
pl
oy
ee of C
a
n
g
k
ri
n
g
a
n
l
o
cal
go
ver
n
m
e
nt
cl
i
n
i
c
(
P
u
skes
mas)
. They received not only free
m
e
dication
and ro
ut
i
n
e bl
oo
d
p
r
ess
u
r
e
check u
p
b
u
t they werealso as
ked t
o
play and
t
r
ai
ne
d f
o
r
b
r
ai
n gy
m
so t
h
at
t
h
ey
h
a
d
an
activ
ity an
d
were ab
le to
in
teract each
o
t
h
e
r in
wh
ich
th
is activ
ity was cond
u
c
ted
on
ce a m
o
n
t
h
.
Th
is
act
i
v
i
t
y
wo
ul
d
gi
ve
s
o
ci
al
s
u
p
p
o
rt
fo
r t
h
e
el
derl
y
as
de
scri
be
d
by
S
u
y
a
nt
o
(2
0
1
1
)
t
h
at
s
o
ci
al
su
p
p
o
r
t
ca
n
i
m
p
r
ov
e cop
i
ng
or
m
o
d
i
f
y
the p
s
ycho
so
cial str
e
ssor
inf
l
ue
nce a
nd t
h
e effects, so t
h
at the elderly de
pre
ssi
on
lev
e
l m
i
g
h
t
n
o
t
as
h
i
gh
as
b
e
fo
re th
ey
g
o
t
activ
ities fro
m
th
e cadres
[16
]
.
The m
a
jori
t
y
of t
h
e re
sp
o
n
d
e
nt
s ex
pe
ri
enc
e
d m
i
l
d
and
n
o
rm
al
depres
si
on
l
e
vel
s
,
b
u
t
t
h
ere
wer
e
som
e
el
derl
y
wh
o ex
peri
e
n
c
e
d m
e
di
u
m
depressi
o
n
l
e
vel
.
There
were s
o
m
e
fact
ors t
h
at
t
r
i
gger t
h
e
de
pressi
o
n
expe
rience
d by
the elderly such as the age or degene
ra
tive, that can be seen from
characteristics descripti
on
i
n
whi
c
h al
l
resp
on
de
nt
s we
re age
d
>6
0 and c
o
r
r
el
at
ed
w
ith
th
e ch
ang
e
s of
ph
ys
ical function, s
o
c
i
al and
p
s
ycho
log
i
cal
th
at cau
se suscep
tib
ility to
d
e
pressi
o
n
in
eld
e
rly [1
4
]
.
Th
e el
d
e
rly activ
ity
m
a
n
a
g
e
men
t
in
Po
sya
ndu
i
n
cl
udi
ng
p
h
y
s
i
cal
chec
k
up
,
Da
nce/
M
o
vem
e
nt The
r
apy
usi
n
g
Java
nese c
h
i
l
d
re
n’
s pl
ay
s
o
ng
a
n
d
Re
m
i
niscence were a
b
le to decrease
depres
sion
scale wh
i
c
h re
sul
t
e
d
i
n
t
h
e re
du
ced
o
f
de
pressi
on
aft
e
r t
h
e
el
derl
y
m
a
nagem
e
nt
eff
o
rt
.
Dan
ce/ m
o
v
e
men
t
th
erap
y is an
art th
erapy wh
ic
h i
s
s
u
i
t
a
bl
e t
o
o
v
erc
o
m
e
t
h
e de
press
i
on
pr
o
b
l
e
m
s
[1
9]
. It
i
s
ex
pl
ai
ned i
n
a
resear
ch co
n
duct
e
d b
y
Pi
nni
ge
ra,
et.al
. (
2
0
1
2
) t
h
at
danci
ng
has a
n
t
i
depressi
on e
f
fect
because it can decrease the le
vel of de
pressi
on significa
n
tly on interventi
on
group com
p
ared to control group.
Dan
ce/M
o
v
e
m
e
n
t
Th
erap
y is a recreatio
n
a
l th
erap
y th
at
is fu
n
an
d
it e
m
erg
e
s po
sitiv
e situ
atio
n
for so
meo
n
e
wh
o e
x
peri
e
n
c
e
d
dep
r
essi
on
.
The
othe
r
fact
ors
that ca
n c
a
u
se t
h
e
decrea
singnu
m
b
er o
f
el
derl
y
wh
o
e
xpe
ri
ence
d
de
pressi
o
n
was
th
e willin
gn
ess o
f
th
e el
d
e
rl
y in
treat
m
e
n
t
g
r
o
u
p
to
fo
ll
o
w
i
n
terv
en
tion
,
fam
ily su
p
p
o
r
t, an
d
t
h
e eld
e
rly
cadres
’
s
u
pp
o
r
t
.
The
r
e
was
n
o
i
n
t
e
rve
n
t
i
o
n
gi
ve
n
on
t
h
e co
n
t
ro
l
g
r
oup
, t
h
ey ju
st
waited
after
p
r
e-test
was
conducted s
o
that there was
only a s
m
all num
ber of elde
r
l
y
who ex
peri
e
n
ced t
h
e
decre
a
se of de
pre
ssi
on
. It
mig
h
t
b
e
b
ecause th
er
e
w
a
s
no
th
er
ap
y or
i
n
ter
v
en
tio
n on
t
h
e
r
e
spon
d
e
n
t
g
r
ou
p.
D
a
n
ce/
Mo
v
e
m
e
n
t
Ther
ap
y is
a com
p
rehe
nsi
v
e
physical act
ivity because
it include
s m
u
si
c, exe
r
cise, se
nsory stim
ulus in
one
unit which i
s
v
e
r
y
ef
f
e
ctiv
e in
r
e
du
cing
p
s
ych
o
l
og
ical d
i
sr
up
tion
[
2
0
]
.
D
a
n
ce/M
o
v
e
m
e
n
t
Th
er
ap
y is o
n
e
of
th
e physical
activ
ities th
at
in
clu
d
e
s in
terestin
g
and
fun
ex
ercises, b
e
si
d
e
s th
at Dan
c
e/Mo
v
e
m
e
n
t
Th
erap
y is o
n
e
o
f
th
e
aerobic e
x
ercis
e
s that ca
n
be
use
d
for
physi
cal and ps
ychological the
r
apy
beca
use it
has
effects
on
bal
a
nce,
m
ood, s
o
ci
al
a
n
d
p
h
y
s
i
cal
f
u
nct
i
o
n
.
It
i
s
descri
bed
t
h
at
Da
nce/
M
o
vem
e
nt
Thera
p
y
i
s
physical recreational
activ
ity that can
decrease t
h
e
depressi
on experie
n
ced. T
h
i
s
rec
r
eational
activity can
d
ecrease di
sabi
l
i
t
y
and psy
c
h
o
l
o
gi
cal
di
st
re
ss. I
n
Pi
nni
ger
r
a,
et.al
.
a
r
e
s
e
ar
c
h
co
ndu
c
t
e
d
in
201
2
sh
ow
ed
th
at th
ere was a significa
nt d
ecr
ease of de
pre
s
si
on o
n
t
h
e res
p
on
de
nt
s w
h
o
j
o
i
n
ed
A
r
ge
nt
i
n
e t
a
ng
o
dance
com
p
are
d
t
o
co
nt
r
o
l
gr
ou
p
[
20]
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
J
PH
S I
S
SN
:
225
2-8
8
0
6
Th
e Effectiven
ess
o
f
Eld
e
rly Man
a
g
e
men
t
Effo
rt
Ac
tivities
to
wa
rd
s
Geria
t
ric .... (Eko
ri
n
i
Listio
wa
ti)
28
1
As e
xpl
ai
ne
d
p
r
evi
ousl
y
,
Da
n
ce/
M
ovem
e
nt
Thera
p
y
i
s
one
of al
t
e
r
n
at
i
v
e
exerci
ses
f
o
r s
o
m
e
one w
h
o
un
de
rg
oes i
t
[21]
. T
h
ere are
m
a
ny
researches t
h
at
expl
ai
n t
h
e be
nefi
t
s
of exe
r
ci
si
ng
ei
t
h
er phy
si
c
a
l
l
y
or
psychologically, as well as Dance/Movem
e
nt Thera
p
y tha
t
is an alternative exe
r
cise
us
eful
t
o
o
v
erc
o
m
e
t
h
e
dep
r
essi
on o
n
el
derl
y
.
It
i
s
kn
ow
n t
h
at
one
of t
h
e de
pressi
o
n
et
i
o
l
o
gi
es i
s
rel
a
t
e
d t
o
t
h
e decre
a
se o
f
neu
r
ot
ran
s
m
i
t
t
er ne
ro
pi
ne
fri
n an
d ser
o
t
o
ni
n act
i
v
i
t
y
t
h
at
send m
e
ssag
e
s t
o
l
i
m
b
i
c
sy
st
em
, t
h
al
am
us an
d
corte
x
se
reb
r
i
[2
2]
.
It is proven
t
h
at ex
ercise or
p
h
y
sical activ
itie
s are able to
indu
ce t
h
e in
creased rel
ease of
cal
ci
um
, serot
oni
n, e
n
d
o
r
p
h
i
n
an
d t
o
dec
r
e
a
se cort
i
s
ol
st
r
e
ss h
o
rm
one l
e
vel
w
h
i
c
h
ha
ppe
ns
w
h
en s
o
m
e
one
expe
ri
ence
d de
pressi
o
n
[
2
3]
.
A rese
arc
h
c
o
nd
uct
e
d
by
Je
on
g a
n
d Ha
n
g
(2
0
0
5
)
i
n
So
ut
h
Ko
rea
fo
u
nd t
h
at
Da
nce
/
M
ovem
e
nt
Thera
p
y
co
ul
d
decrease t
h
e l
e
vel
of
de
pres
si
on am
on
g t
een
age gi
rl
s
w
ho e
xpe
ri
ence
d m
i
ld de
pre
ssi
o
n
a
nd t
h
e
lev
e
l o
f
sero
ton
i
n
was i
n
creased
wh
ich
is
believ
e
d
th
at it
i
s
able to dec
r
e
a
se the sym
p
tom
s
of depressi
on suc
h
as fat
i
g
ue, st
r
e
ss an
d i
n
som
n
i
a
[
24]
.
Thi
s
researc
h
al
s
o
sh
owe
d
t
h
e s
i
gni
fi
ca
nt
l
e
ve
l
of
dec
r
easi
n
g aft
e
r
dance/
m
ovem
e
nt
i
n
t
e
r
v
e
n
t
i
o
n
was c
o
nd
uct
e
d
.
One
of i
m
port
a
nt
el
em
ent
s
i
n
Da
nce/
M
o
ve
m
e
nt
Thera
p
y
i
s
m
u
si
c [2
5]
.
M
u
si
c has
bee
n
use
d
fo
r a
lo
ng
tim
e fo
r th
erap
y eith
er
p
h
y
sics, psych
o
l
o
g
y
, co
gn
itiv
e o
r
so
cial fo
r all ag
es. Th
e m
u
sic used
is
det
e
rm
i
n
ed by
i
ndi
vi
d
u
al
va
l
u
es,
phi
l
o
so
p
h
y
esp
o
u
sed
,
educat
i
o
n,
cl
i
n
i
cal
orde
r a
n
d
cul
t
u
ral
bac
k
gr
o
u
n
d
[2
6]
.
The
res
earch c
o
n
d
u
ct
ed by
Ey
i
g
or
(2
0
0
7
)
al
so ex
pl
ai
ned t
h
at
f
o
l
k
l
o
ri
c da
nce
or t
r
a
d
i
t
i
onal
dance
ensem
b
le with songs is suita
ble w
ith local
culture
because it is fun
and increa
ses positive e
m
otion [27].
Hen
c
e, th
e m
u
sic ch
o
s
en
fo
r
th
is research
was Jav
a
n
e
se
child
ren’s p
l
ay so
ng
wh
ich
is th
e trad
ition
a
l so
ng
of
the local society so that th
ey
h
a
d
alread
y fa
m
i
l
i
ar with
an
d
th
ey h
a
d
the sp
irit to
carry o
u
t
th
e in
terv
en
tion.
Th
e m
u
sic elemen
t in
Dan
c
e/Mo
v
e
m
e
n
t
Th
erap
y will
enco
urag
e so
m
e
o
n
e
t
o
ex
press an
d release t
e
n
s
ion
eith
er th
e m
u
scles o
r
psycho
log
i
cal.
An
ot
he
r el
em
ent
i
n
Da
nce/
M
ovem
e
nt
The
r
apy
i
s
t
h
e m
ovem
e
nt
i
t
s
el
f
whi
c
h bec
o
m
e
s a t
h
era
p
y
l
a
ng
uage
i
n
i
t
s
im
pl
em
ent
a
t
i
on
[
28]
.
I
n
t
h
e
m
ovem
e
nt
’s
part
of
Da
nce/
M
ovem
e
nt
Th
erapy
usi
n
g J
a
vane
se
chi
l
d
re
n’
s pl
ay
so
ng
, t
h
e
rese
arche
r
ser
v
e
d
a
s
i
n
st
r
u
ct
or
w
h
o ga
ve t
h
e exa
m
pl
esm
ovem
e
nt
s f
o
r t
h
e el
de
rl
y
i
n
o
r
d
e
r to ask the
m
to
d
a
n
c
e mo
re in
teractiv
el
y an
d en
thu
s
iastically. In
its i
m
p
l
e
m
en
tatio
n
,
th
e m
o
v
e
m
e
n
t
s in
Dance/
M
ovem
e
nt
The
r
apy
w
e
r
e n
o
t
m
e
rel
y
indi
vi
d
u
al
m
ovem
e
nt
s but
al
s
o
pai
r
s an
d
gr
o
ups
so t
h
at
i
t
creat
ed
fam
i
liar an
d fun
am
o
n
g
th
e i
n
stru
ctors and
th
e
p
a
rticip
an
ts
. It
i
s
e
xpect
e
d
t
h
at
t
h
e
f
u
n
si
t
u
at
i
on
w
oul
d m
a
ke
t
h
e el
derl
y
st
art
t
o
cont
act
, su
pp
o
r
t
and b
u
i
l
d
i
n
t
e
rpe
r
s
o
n
a
l
rel
a
t
i
onshi
ps am
ong t
h
em
sel
v
es so t
h
at
t
h
ey
can
share
stories a
n
d release
proble
m
s that
th
ey feel wh
ich
resultin
g
in
t
h
e
d
e
c
r
ease sym
p
toms experie
n
ced
by the
el
derl
y
[
25]
,
[
2
9
]
.
The m
ovem
e
nts in the
interventio
n not m
e
rely worke
d
as
a place to
increase social
int
e
raction but
also as a m
eans of comm
unication a
n
d se
lf ex
pressi
o
n
. Wh
en
th
ey d
a
n
c
e,
it
is
expected that they are
a
b
le t
o
exp
r
ess t
h
ei
r
feel
i
ngs a
n
d i
n
crease t
h
e c
o
m
m
uni
cat
i
on am
ong t
h
em
sel
v
es an
d
ot
hers
. Thi
s
el
e
m
ent
i
s
im
port
a
nt
t
o
i
n
crease sel
f
co
n
f
i
d
e
n
ce
of
som
e
one
w
h
o e
xpe
ri
ence
de
pressi
on
[
2
5]
,[
30]
.
As ex
pl
ai
ned
p
r
evi
ousl
y
t
h
at
Dance/
M
ovem
e
nt
Ther
ap
y is o
n
e
of th
e art th
era
p
y used t
o
overc
o
me
dep
r
essi
on
bec
a
use i
t
i
s
a
n
act
i
v
i
t
y
and a
ki
n
d
of
gam
e
s t
h
at
can
bri
n
g
j
o
y
and
l
a
u
g
h
f
o
r
s
o
m
e
one w
h
o
d
o
es i
t
.
19
I
n
a r
e
sear
ch
cond
u
c
ted
by K
u
sn
iati (
2
01
2)
, it is ex
p
l
ain
e
d
th
at laugh an
d
j
o
y
w
e
r
e
ab
le to
ov
er
come an
d
decrease de
pre
ssion beca
use they
cr
eated positive reaction that can
de
c
r
ease stress
horm
one like cortison
[2
3]
,[
3
1
]
.
In i
t
s
i
m
pl
em
ent
a
t
i
on,
Da
nce
/
M
ovem
e
nt
Th
erapy
usi
n
g Ja
vane
se chi
l
dre
n
’s
pl
ay
s
o
n
g
neede
d
t
h
e
responde
nts’ obedie
nce.
The
obe
dience
wa
s
not easy to
gain s
o
that it
needed c
ooperat
ion
with t
h
e el
derly
cadres t
o
rem
i
nd t
h
e sche
d
u
l
e
;
hence t
h
ey
di
d t
h
e act
i
v
i
t
y
i
n
ro
ut
i
n
es.
Ent
e
rt
ai
ni
ng m
u
si
c an
d m
ovem
e
nt
s
also infl
ue
nce
d
the
obedie
nce of t
h
e p
a
rticip
an
ts. Th
erefore,
in
ev
er
y
i
m
p
l
e
m
en
tatio
n
of th
e activ
ity, th
e
researc
h
er as
k
e
d t
h
e el
de
rl
y
t
o
si
ng t
oget
h
e
r
usi
ng Ja
va
ne
se chi
l
d
re
n
’
s p
l
ay
song t
h
at
was ent
e
rt
ai
ni
ng a
n
d
fu
n so t
h
at
i
t
creat
ed an i
n
t
e
r
act
i
on am
ong t
h
e el
derl
y
an
d
t
h
e i
n
st
ruct
o
r
s
.
The j
o
y
f
ul
si
t
u
at
i
on
wo
ul
d
m
a
ke
respon
d
e
n
t
s
feel co
m
f
o
r
tab
l
e
an
d po
sitiv
e sit
u
atio
n in
t
h
em
.
Elderly
Po
syan
du
whi
c
h wa
s hel
d
i
n
r
out
i
n
e, s
o
ci
al
su
p
p
ort from
the society, elderl
y cadre, a
nd
g
ood
fam
i
lies i
n
Pet
u
ng
v
illage and
Pag
e
rju
a
n
g
con
t
ri
b
u
t
ed
to
th
e
d
e
crease of
g
e
riatric scale d
e
pressi
o
n
.
It
i
s
k
n
o
w
n
t
h
at
de
p
r
essi
o
n
ha
ppe
ne
d
be
cause i
n
t
e
ract
i
o
n
o
f
s
o
m
e
fact
ors s
u
c
h
as
bi
ol
ogi
cal
,
psychological, and s
o
cial.
Whe
n
thos
e
factors
are
m
a
nage
d well, t
h
en t
h
ere
is a
decrease
of de
pressi
on
expe
rience
d
by the elderly. Social
factor that infl
uenc
es the dec
r
eas
e
o
f
d
e
pr
ession
is f
a
m
i
l
y
su
p
por
t.
Acco
r
d
i
n
g t
o
a researc
h
c
o
n
duct
e
d by
Ag
us (
2
00
6) a
g
o
od
fam
i
ly
sup
p
o
r
t
s
f
o
r s
o
m
e
one
w
ho e
x
pe
ri
ences
dep
r
essi
on
can
dec
r
ease hi
s/
h
e
r dep
r
essi
o
n
[
26]
.
Social s
u
pport
s from
the s
o
ciety and elde
rly
Po
syan
du
cadres als
o
influe
nced
t
h
e
de
p
r
e
ssi
on
. S
o
ci
al
sup
p
o
rt
gi
ve
n
t
o
som
e
one
wh
o e
xpe
ri
en
ces dep
r
essi
on
can dec
r
ease
t
h
e l
e
vel
of
dep
r
essi
o
n
[
32]
.
In
Kepuh
arjo
v
illag
e
, i
n
Pet
u
ng and
Pag
e
rju
r
an
g h
a
m
l
ets h
a
d
eld
e
rly cadres wh
o g
a
v
e
Po
sya
ndu
exam
ination
suc
h
as
phy
si
c
a
l
check
u
p
f
o
r
bl
o
o
d
p
r
ess
u
re
, wei
g
ht
a
nd e
n
t
e
rt
ai
nm
ent
cond
uct
e
d
by
t
h
e
m
i
n
ro
ut
i
n
es.
Th
os
e
activ
ities
m
a
d
e
th
e eld
e
rly feel b
e
ing
no
ticed, and
it cou
l
d create in
terp
erso
n
a
l
relatio
n
s
hip
eith
er am
o
n
g
th
e
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
S
SN
:
2
252
-88
06
IJPHS Vol. 4, No. 4, D
ecem
ber 2015
:
275 – 283
28
2
elderly or
between the elde
rly and the c
a
dres
. The
r
efore, those factors might
reduce the elderly score
dep
r
essi
on
i
n
c
ont
rol
gr
o
u
p
.
The m
echani
s
m
s
of Da
nce
/
M
ovem
e
nt
Thera
p
y
ha
ve
been
di
scus
sed i
n
pre
v
i
o
u
s
para
gra
p
hs, s
u
ch as it can
be
the form
of recreational
physical exercise or
fun e
x
ercis
e
for the
pe
opl
e wit
h
dep
r
essi
on
. T
h
i
s
phy
si
cal
act
i
v
i
t
y
can i
n
duc
e ne
ur
ot
ra
nsm
i
t
t
e
r neu
r
ons t
o
i
n
crease s
e
r
o
t
oni
n, e
n
do
rp
hi
n an
d
decrease
t
h
e c
o
rt
i
s
ol
st
re
ss
h
o
rm
one [
2
3]
.
Dance/
M
ove
m
e
nt The
r
a
p
y is a m
eans to comm
unicate a
nd
self
expressi
on, to
increase s
o
cial
interac
tion, the gam
e
s are able to create laug
h and
joy, and is a
b
le to
de
creas
e
th
e ten
s
i
o
n faced
b
y
a
p
e
rson wh
o exp
e
riences d
e
p
r
ession so th
at it will b
e
ab
le t
o
d
e
crease th
e
d
e
pressio
n
scale since it creates positive
m
ood [25],[30]
.
4.
CO
NCL
USI
O
N
B
a
sed
on
t
h
e
res
u
l
t
o
f
t
h
e
st
u
d
y
an
d
di
scussi
o
n
,
i
t
ca
n
be c
o
ncl
u
de
d as
f
o
l
l
o
w
s
:
The el
derl
y
m
a
nagem
e
nt
eff
o
rt
wi
t
h
Po
sya
ndu
activ
itiesas well as
Dance/Mo
v
e
m
e
n
t
Th
erap
y an
d R
e
m
i
n
i
scen
ce therap
y
was e
ffective
to
decrease
de
pression s
cale
on the
elde
rly after the
disaster.
Based
o
n
th
e
stu
d
y
,
t
h
e research
er wou
l
d
lik
e
t
o
g
i
v
e
sugg
estion
s
for h
e
alth
in
stitu
tions
and
h
ealth
workers
that t
h
e elde
rly
m
a
nagem
e
nt
ef
fo
rt
wi
t
h
Posyand
u
activ
ities
h
a
v
e
to b
e
in
teg
r
ated
fo
r ph
ysi
cal an
d
men
t
al h
ealth
so
th
at it is b
e
t
t
er
if
th
e activ
i
ties in
clu
d
e
physical ex
a
m
in
atio
n
,
m
e
n
t
al h
e
alth
in
ter
v
en
ti
o
n
b
y
gi
vi
n
g
Da
nce/
M
ovem
e
nt
Th
erapy
usi
n
g Ja
vane
se chi
l
d
re
n’s
pl
ay
s
o
n
g
and
R
e
m
i
ni
scence t
h
e
r
apy
t
o
pre
v
e
n
t
t
h
e el
de
rl
y
de
p
r
essi
o
n
es
peci
a
l
l
y
for t
h
e
gr
ou
ps
wh
o
ha
ve
hi
gh
ri
s
k
s
of m
e
nt
al
di
s
o
r
d
er
. F
o
r el
derl
y
ca
dr
es t
h
e
researc
h
er
would like to give sugges
t
i
o
n t
h
at
Dance/
M
o
ve
m
e
nt
Therapy
can be use
d
wi
t
h
Javane
se chi
l
dre
n
’s
p
l
ay so
ng
an
d
Re
m
i
n
i
scen
ce th
erap
y as rou
t
in
e activ
ities fo
r th
e el
d
e
rly in
Po
syand
u
as
a fun interventi
on
for
th
em
an
d
th
ese activ
ities can
b
e
estab
lish
e
d
b
y
g
i
v
i
ng
t
r
ai
nin
g
fo
r o
t
h
e
r cad
r
es in o
t
h
e
r
areas so
t
h
at train
e
d
cadres
are
de
v
e
l
ope
d. T
h
e s
u
gge
st
i
on
f
o
r el
derl
y
i
s
t
h
at
the elderly can participate actively and c
onti
n
uously
in
eld
e
rly
man
a
g
e
m
e
n
t
effort activ
ities
in
Po
syandu
with
its men
t
al h
ealth
activ
ities su
ch
as
Dance/
M
ovem
e
nt
The
r
apy
u
s
i
ng Ja
va
nese
chi
l
d
re
n’
s pl
ay
son
g
a
nd
R
e
m
i
ni
scence.
There
f
ore, t
h
ey
get
in
terestin
g activ
ities and
t
h
ey in
teract each
o
t
h
e
r eith
er
with
eld
e
rly cadres or am
o
n
g
the
m
selv
es so that th
ey
feel
ha
ppy
a
nd
de
pre
ssi
o
n
whi
c
h i
s
s
u
sce
p
t
i
b
l
e
ca
n b
e
av
oi
de
d.F
o
r
t
h
e
ne
xt
resea
r
che
r
s
,
t
h
e
researc
h
ersexpected that t
h
e
ne
xt resea
r
c
h
ers
are
ab
le to
d
e
v
e
l
o
p
a stud
y related
to eld
e
rly h
ealth
m
a
nagem
e
nt
usi
ng si
m
p
l
e
r m
e
t
hods
, effec
t
i
v
e and ef
fi
ci
ent
fo
r t
h
e soc
i
et
y
as a rout
i
n
e act
i
v
i
t
y
t
h
at
can be
conducted i
n
Po
sya
ndu
fo
r th
e eld
e
r
l
y.
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