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u
r
a
b
ay
a
C
i
ty
)
an
d
C
en
t
r
a
l
J
av
a
(
S
u
r
a
k
ar
t
a
C
ity
)
[
1
2
]
.
P
an
d
em
ic
o
f
C
OVI
D
-
1
9
o
u
tb
r
ea
k
ca
u
s
es
f
ee
li
n
g
w
o
r
r
ied
,
an
d
u
n
d
er
s
ta
n
d
in
g
o
f
m
en
ta
l
h
ea
lth
s
ta
tu
s
is
u
r
g
e
n
tl
y
n
ee
d
ed
f
o
r
th
e
co
m
m
u
n
it
y
[
1
3
,
14]
.
P
r
ev
io
u
s
r
esear
ch
h
as
s
tated
th
at
d
ee
p
an
d
a
b
r
o
ad
o
f
p
s
y
ch
o
lo
g
ical
i
m
p
ac
t
o
n
le
v
el
o
f
i
n
d
iv
id
u
al,
co
m
m
u
n
i
t
y
,
a
n
d
in
ter
n
atio
n
a
l
d
u
r
i
n
g
an
o
u
tb
r
ea
k
o
f
in
f
ec
tio
n
[
1
5
]
.
On
th
e
in
d
i
v
id
u
al
le
v
el,
p
eo
p
le
ten
d
to
e
x
p
e
r
ien
ce
w
o
r
r
ied
o
f
b
ein
g
s
ick
o
r
d
y
i
n
g
,
f
ee
li
n
g
s
o
f
h
elp
less
n
e
s
s
,
an
d
s
ti
g
m
a
[
1
6
,
17]
.
I
n
C
h
i
n
a
t
h
e
r
e
s
u
l
t
s
o
f
t
h
e
s
t
u
d
y
s
t
a
t
e
d
5
3
.
8
%
h
a
d
a
p
o
s
i
t
i
v
e
e
f
f
e
c
t
o
n
p
s
y
c
h
o
l
o
g
i
c
a
l
i
m
p
a
c
t
a
s
a
m
o
d
e
r
a
t
e
o
r
s
e
v
e
r
e
o
u
t
b
r
e
a
k
;
1
6
.
5
%
r
e
p
o
r
t
e
d
s
y
m
p
t
o
m
s
o
f
m
o
d
e
r
a
t
e
t
o
s
e
v
e
r
e
d
e
p
r
e
s
s
i
o
n
;
2
8
.
8
%
r
e
p
o
r
t
e
d
s
y
m
p
t
o
m
s
o
f
m
o
d
e
r
a
t
e
t
o
s
e
v
e
r
e
a
n
x
i
e
t
y
;
a
n
d
8
.
1
%
r
e
p
o
r
t
e
d
m
o
d
e
r
a
t
e
t
o
s
e
v
e
r
e
s
t
r
e
s
s
l
e
v
e
l
s
[
1
8
]
.
T
h
e
y
w
e
r
e
o
l
d
e
r
,
f
e
m
a
l
e
,
m
o
r
e
h
i
g
h
l
y
e
d
u
c
a
t
e
d
,
w
i
t
h
a
h
i
g
h
e
r
r
i
s
k
p
e
r
c
e
p
t
i
o
n
o
f
s
e
v
e
r
e
a
c
u
t
e
r
e
s
p
i
r
a
t
o
r
y
s
y
n
d
r
o
m
e
(
S
A
R
S
)
,
l
o
w
e
r
l
e
v
e
l
s
o
f
a
n
x
i
e
t
y
,
c
o
n
t
a
c
t
h
i
s
t
o
r
y
,
a
n
d
w
i
t
h
i
t
s
i
m
i
l
a
r
s
y
m
p
t
o
m
s
S
A
R
S
i
s
m
o
r
e
l
i
k
e
l
y
t
o
t
a
k
e
p
r
e
c
a
u
t
i
o
n
a
r
y
m
e
a
s
u
r
e
s
a
g
a
i
n
s
t
i
n
f
e
c
t
i
o
n
[
3
]
.
B
e
s
i
d
e
s
,
L
i
j
u
n
g
e
t
a
l
.
S
t
r
e
n
g
t
h
e
n
e
d
t
h
a
t
s
e
r
v
i
c
e
p
r
o
v
i
d
e
r
s
s
u
c
h
a
s
h
e
a
l
t
h
w
o
r
k
e
r
s
a
f
f
e
c
t
e
d
b
y
v
i
r
u
s
i
n
W
u
h
a
n
e
x
p
e
r
i
e
n
c
e
d
p
s
y
c
h
o
l
o
g
i
c
a
l
h
e
a
l
t
h
d
i
s
o
r
d
e
r
s
[
1
9
]
.
W
o
r
k
-
r
e
l
a
t
e
d
s
t
r
e
s
s
i
s
a
p
o
t
e
n
t
i
a
l
c
a
u
s
e
f
o
r
h
e
a
l
t
h
w
o
r
k
e
r
s
.
I
t
i
s
a
s
s
o
c
i
a
t
e
d
w
i
t
h
a
n
x
i
e
t
y
i
n
c
l
u
d
i
n
g
v
a
r
i
o
u
s
a
c
t
i
v
i
t
i
e
s
b
o
t
h
d
e
p
r
e
s
s
i
o
n
t
o
f
a
c
e
d
e
a
t
h
i
n
t
h
e
g
r
o
w
i
n
g
s
o
c
i
e
t
y
,
l
o
n
g
w
o
r
k
s
h
i
f
t
,
a
n
d
a
l
o
t
o
f
w
o
r
k
d
em
a
n
d
s
i
n
d
e
a
l
i
n
g
w
i
t
h
C
O
V
I
D
-
1
9
p
a
t
i
e
n
t
s
,
t
h
o
s
e
a
r
e
i
m
p
o
r
t
a
n
t
i
n
d
i
c
a
t
o
r
o
f
p
s
y
c
h
o
l
o
g
i
c
a
l
f
a
t
i
g
u
e
[
2
0
,
21]
.
H
e
a
l
t
h
w
o
r
k
e
r
s
a
r
e
i
n
f
l
u
e
n
t
i
a
l
a
n
d
n
e
e
d
e
d
d
u
r
i
n
g
t
h
e
C
O
V
I
D
-
1
9
o
u
t
b
r
e
a
k
a
n
d
t
h
e
y
a
r
e
o
n
e
o
f
t
h
e
m
o
s
t
v
u
l
n
e
r
a
b
l
e
t
o
c
o
n
t
r
a
c
t
i
n
g
t
h
i
s
v
e
r
y
d
e
a
d
l
y
d
i
s
e
a
s
e
.
T
h
e
ex
p
er
ien
ce
o
f
h
ea
lt
h
w
o
r
k
er
s
i
n
d
ea
lin
g
w
i
th
C
O
VI
D
-
1
9
h
as
m
a
n
y
e
f
f
ec
ts
o
n
m
en
tal
h
ea
lt
h
s
tr
ess
,
an
x
iet
y
,
an
d
d
ep
r
ess
io
n
.
I
t
is
n
o
t
o
n
l
y
e
x
p
er
ien
ce
d
in
th
e
s
h
o
r
t
ter
m
b
u
t
also
h
a
s
a
lo
n
g
-
ter
m
i
m
p
ac
t
an
d
th
e
v
a
lu
e
o
f
e
f
f
ec
ti
v
e
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
[
2
2
]
.
I
t
is
n
ec
es
s
ar
y
to
tak
e
a
n
e
f
f
ec
ti
v
e
ac
tio
n
i
n
a
ti
m
e
l
y
m
a
n
n
er
to
ad
d
r
ess
an
d
p
r
o
tect
th
e
m
e
n
tal
h
ea
lt
h
o
f
h
ea
l
th
w
o
r
k
er
s
.
B
as
ed
o
n
p
r
ev
io
u
s
r
esear
ch
r
elate
d
to
m
id
d
le
ea
s
ter
n
r
esp
ir
ato
r
y
s
y
n
d
r
o
m
e
(
ME
R
S),
h
ea
lth
w
o
r
k
er
s
te
n
d
to
b
eliev
e
th
at
s
u
c
h
ac
tio
n
s
h
elp
p
r
o
tect
m
en
tal
h
ea
lt
h
[
2
3
]
.
I
n
ad
d
itio
n
,
to
r
e
d
u
ce
p
s
y
c
h
o
lo
g
ical
d
a
m
ag
e
t
o
h
ea
lth
w
o
r
k
er
s
,
b
o
th
n
u
r
s
e
s
,
d
o
cto
r
s
an
d
o
th
er
h
ea
lt
h
w
o
r
k
er
s
,
I
n
d
o
n
esia
n
g
o
v
er
n
m
e
n
t
n
ee
d
s
to
p
r
o
v
id
e
a
p
r
o
g
r
a
m
s
o
th
at
t
h
is
r
esear
c
h
b
ec
o
m
e
s
a
r
ef
er
en
c
e
in
m
a
k
i
n
g
th
e
p
r
o
g
r
a
m
.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e
th
is
s
tu
d
y
ai
m
ed
t
o
ex
a
m
i
n
es
th
e
p
s
y
ch
o
lo
g
ical
i
m
p
ac
t
a
m
o
n
g
co
m
m
u
n
it
y
i
n
ef
f
o
r
t
to
f
ac
i
n
g
th
e
co
r
o
n
a
v
ir
u
s
p
a
n
d
e
m
ic
(
C
OVI
D
-
19
)
in
I
n
d
o
n
esia.
T
h
is
s
tu
d
y
al
s
o
ai
m
ed
to
d
eter
m
i
n
e
t
h
e
p
r
ev
alen
ce
o
f
s
y
m
p
to
m
s
,
s
tr
e
s
s
r
is
k
f
ac
to
r
s
,
an
x
iet
y
an
d
d
ep
r
ess
io
n
i
n
m
ai
n
tai
n
i
n
g
th
e
p
s
y
ch
o
lo
g
ical
w
ell
-
b
ein
g
o
f
p
eo
p
le
in
I
n
d
o
n
e
s
ia.
2.
RE
S
E
ARCH
M
E
T
H
O
D
2
.
1
.
Respo
nd
e
nt
T
h
e
o
n
lin
e
s
u
r
v
e
y
w
a
s
co
n
d
u
cted
a
m
o
n
g
h
ea
lt
h
w
o
r
k
er
in
I
n
d
o
n
e
s
ia
w
h
ich
w
as
d
i
v
i
d
ed
in
to
s
ev
er
al
r
eg
io
n
s
n
a
m
el
y
J
av
a
an
d
th
e
is
la
n
d
s
,
Su
m
atr
a
an
d
th
e
is
lan
d
s
,
Kali
m
a
n
ta
n
,
Su
l
a
w
e
s
i,
B
ali,
Nu
s
a
T
en
g
g
ar
a,
Ma
lu
k
u
an
d
P
ap
u
a,
th
en
t
h
e
y
w
er
e
en
co
u
r
a
g
ed
to
s
h
ar
e
it
w
it
h
o
th
er
s
.
2
.
2
.
Da
t
a
co
llect
io
n
T
h
is
s
tu
d
y
u
s
e
d
a
cr
o
s
s
-
s
ec
ti
o
n
al
s
u
r
v
e
y
d
esi
g
n
to
d
eter
m
in
e
p
s
y
c
h
o
lo
g
ical
r
esp
o
n
s
es
d
u
r
in
g
th
e
C
OVI
D
-
1
9
p
an
d
em
ic
b
y
u
s
i
n
g
q
u
esti
o
n
n
air
e
s
th
r
o
u
g
h
o
n
lin
e
an
o
n
y
m
o
u
s
l
y
.
Sa
m
p
li
n
g
tech
n
iq
u
e
in
t
h
is
s
t
u
d
y
u
s
e
s
s
n
o
w
b
all
to
t
h
e
co
m
m
u
n
i
t
y
an
d
h
ea
lth
w
o
r
k
er
s
d
u
r
in
g
t
h
e
C
OVI
D
-
1
9
p
an
d
e
m
ic.
2
.
3
.
P
ro
ce
du
re
W
h
en
t
h
e
I
n
d
o
n
esia
n
g
o
v
er
n
m
en
t
a
n
n
o
u
n
ce
d
to
t
h
e
p
u
b
lic
o
f
I
n
d
o
n
e
s
ia
to
d
o
s
o
cial
d
i
s
t
an
cin
g
th
e
n
th
e
r
esear
ch
er
i
n
v
ited
p
r
o
s
p
ec
tiv
e
r
esp
o
n
d
en
ts
to
f
ill
o
u
t
a
q
u
esti
o
n
n
air
e
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
Go
o
g
le
Fo
r
m
,
b
ef
o
r
e
th
at
th
e
r
esear
ch
er
s
w
er
e
d
o
in
g
v
alid
it
y
an
d
r
eliab
ilit
y
te
s
t
o
f
th
e
q
u
esti
o
n
n
air
e.
T
h
e
r
esu
lts
o
f
th
e
v
alid
it
y
tes
t
s
h
o
w
t
h
e
v
al
u
e
o
f
r
-
tab
le
0
.
2
5
4
is
s
m
aller
t
h
an
t
h
e
v
al
u
e
o
f
r
-
co
u
n
t
w
h
ic
h
m
ea
n
s
v
alid
,
a
n
d
r
eliab
ilit
y
u
s
i
n
g
C
r
o
n
b
ac
h
’
s
alp
h
a
s
h
o
w
s
th
e
v
alu
e
o
f
0
.
9
5
8
m
ea
n
in
g
r
eliab
le
.
R
esp
o
n
d
en
t
w
h
o
g
a
v
e
f
ee
d
b
ac
k
w
er
e
6
4
4
.
Data
co
llectio
n
w
as
ca
r
r
ied
o
u
t f
o
r
s
ev
e
n
d
a
y
s
(
0
1
-
0
7
A
p
r
il 2
0
2
0
)
d
is
tr
ib
u
ted
to
eig
h
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-
c
lin
ica
l
s
taf
f
[
2
5
]
.
W
h
er
ea
s
t
h
o
s
e
ex
p
er
ien
ce
d
s
tr
es
s
d
u
e
to
t
h
e
C
OVI
D
-
1
9
o
u
tb
r
ea
k
w
er
e
5
5
%,
ex
tr
e
m
el
y
s
e
v
er
e
s
tr
ess
lev
el
s
w
er
e
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8
%
a
n
d
m
ild
s
tr
ess
w
er
e
3
4
.
5
%.
Hea
lth
w
o
r
k
er
s
w
h
o
ex
p
er
ie
n
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ed
d
ep
r
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io
n
w
er
e
2
3
.
5
%.
E
x
tr
em
el
y
s
e
v
er
e
d
ep
r
ess
io
n
r
ate
0
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5
% a
n
d
m
i
ld
d
ep
r
ess
io
n
1
1
.
2
%.
Gen
er
all
y
k
n
o
w
n
t
h
at
S
AR
S
-
C
o
V
-
2
is
v
er
y
co
n
tag
io
u
s
a
n
d
s
p
r
ea
d
s
r
ap
id
ly
,
h
ea
lt
h
w
o
r
k
er
s
i
n
th
e
f
r
o
n
tli
n
e
h
ad
a
r
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k
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b
e
in
f
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cted
s
o
th
at
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ig
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i
f
ica
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tl
y
i
n
cr
ea
s
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g
t
h
e
w
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ad
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n
ad
d
itio
n
t
h
e
y
ar
e
a
f
r
aid
o
f
b
r
in
g
i
n
g
th
e
v
ir
u
s
to
t
h
eir
f
a
m
ilies
a
n
d
i
n
ab
ilit
y
o
f
h
ea
lt
h
w
o
r
k
er
s
to
d
ea
l
w
it
h
cr
it
ical
p
atie
n
ts
[
2
6
]
.
T
h
e
m
o
r
e
b
u
r
d
en
s
o
f
h
ea
lt
h
w
o
r
k
er
s
,
t
h
e
g
r
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ter
t
h
e
y
w
i
ll
n
o
t
b
e
ab
le
to
d
o
th
eir
d
u
ty
,
it
ca
n
c
au
s
ed
an
x
iet
y
an
d
s
tr
ess
[
1
6
,
1
9
]
.
T
h
e
r
esu
lts
o
f
t
h
i
s
s
t
u
d
y
s
h
o
w
ed
t
h
at
t
h
er
e
is
a
clo
s
ed
co
r
r
ela
tio
n
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et
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ee
n
a
n
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y
(
r
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.
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p=
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0
0
)
,
s
tr
ess
(
r
=
0
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6
p
=
0
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0
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9
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d
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ep
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ess
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(
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=
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5
)
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d
d
ep
r
ess
io
n
(
r
=
0
.
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1
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=
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.
0
0
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)
,
to
th
e
w
o
r
r
ied
o
f
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ein
g
alie
n
ated
if
in
f
ec
ted
co
r
o
n
av
ir
u
s
.
T
h
e
m
o
r
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o
b
s
tacle
s
t
h
e
y
e
x
p
er
ien
c
ed
th
e
g
r
ea
ter
th
e
y
ar
e
u
n
ab
le
to
ac
h
iev
e
th
eir
a
s
p
ir
atio
n
s
.
T
h
en
t
h
er
e
w
ill
b
e
ten
s
io
n
in
th
e
m
s
elv
e
s
a
n
d
ca
u
s
ed
a
n
x
iet
y
an
d
s
tr
ess
[
2
5
,
27]
.
A
s
w
e
k
n
o
w
t
h
at
in
C
h
i
n
a,
h
ea
lt
h
w
o
r
k
er
s
ar
e
s
tr
i
v
in
g
a
s
t
h
e
f
r
o
n
tl
in
e
to
f
i
g
h
t
co
r
o
n
av
ir
u
s
an
d
p
r
o
tect
p
eo
p
le
[
2
8
,
2
9
]
.
B
ased
o
n
r
esu
lt o
f
s
i
m
p
le
l
in
e
ar
r
eg
r
ess
io
n
a
n
al
y
s
i
s
te
s
t o
n
s
o
cial
r
esp
o
n
s
es a
m
o
n
g
h
ea
lt
h
w
o
r
k
er
s
in
ef
f
o
r
t
to
f
ac
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n
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th
e
co
r
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av
ir
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p
a
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d
e
m
ic
(
C
OVI
D
-
19
)
,
th
e
s
o
cial
r
esp
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s
e
s
t
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at
m
o
s
t
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f
lu
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ce
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an
x
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s
tr
ess
an
d
d
ep
r
ess
io
n
ar
e
p
eo
p
le
p
an
ic
w
h
ile
lis
ten
i
n
g
to
i
n
f
o
r
m
atio
n
f
r
o
m
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lin
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w
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r
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(
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I
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,
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ess
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h
e
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s
p
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s
f
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h
ea
l
th
w
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s
to
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ce
th
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I
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ex
p
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ce
a
s
en
s
e
o
f
i
n
te
n
s
e
f
ea
r
,
s
tig
m
a
tizatio
n
a
n
d
o
s
tr
ac
is
m
w
h
e
n
d
is
p
la
y
in
g
p
h
y
s
ical
s
y
m
p
to
m
s
s
u
g
g
es
ti
v
e
o
f
th
e
v
ir
u
s
i
n
f
ec
t
io
n
,
w
h
ic
h
o
f
ten
lead
s
to
n
eg
a
t
iv
e
p
s
y
c
h
o
lo
g
ical
p
ain
[
3
0
,
31]
.
T
h
is
p
h
e
n
o
m
e
n
o
n
h
as
alr
ea
d
y
b
ee
n
d
es
cr
ib
ed
in
t
h
e
s
tu
d
ie
s
d
u
r
i
n
g
t
h
e
cu
r
r
en
t
C
OVI
D
-
1
9
o
u
tb
r
ea
k
[
2
8
]
as
w
ell
as
p
r
ev
io
u
s
E
b
o
la
cr
is
is
[
3
2
]
.
I
n
ad
d
itio
n
,
r
esear
ch
co
n
d
u
cted
at
th
e
ti
m
e
o
f
t
h
e
S
A
R
S
o
u
tb
r
ea
k
s
h
o
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ed
t
h
at
h
ea
lt
h
w
o
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er
s
w
h
o
w
o
r
k
ed
in
e
m
e
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g
en
c
y
r
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o
m
s
h
ad
a
h
i
g
h
er
r
is
k
o
f
e
x
p
er
ien
ci
n
g
p
o
s
t
-
tr
au
m
atic
s
tr
ess
d
i
s
o
r
d
er
(
PT
SD)
co
m
p
ar
ed
to
h
ea
lth
wo
r
k
er
s
w
h
o
w
er
e
in
w
ar
d
s
[
3
3
]
.
Hea
lth
w
o
r
k
er
s
i
n
an
e
m
er
g
en
c
y
w
er
e
at
a
h
i
g
h
er
r
is
k
f
o
r
d
ev
elo
p
in
g
p
o
s
t tr
au
m
atic
s
tr
ess
d
is
o
r
d
er
[
3
4
]
.
T
h
is
r
esear
ch
ca
n
b
e
a
r
e
f
e
r
en
ce
to
t
h
e
I
n
d
o
n
e
s
ia
n
g
o
v
er
n
m
e
n
t
to
h
a
n
d
le
a
n
x
ie
t
y
,
s
tr
ess
a
n
d
d
ep
r
ess
io
n
th
at
o
cc
u
r
in
h
ea
lt
h
w
o
r
k
er
s
in
p
ar
ticu
lar
an
d
ca
n
p
r
o
v
id
e
p
r
o
tectio
n
to
m
ed
ical
p
er
s
o
n
n
el
s
o
th
at
th
e
y
d
o
n
o
t
f
ee
l
al
ien
ated
b
y
th
o
s
e
ar
o
u
n
d
t
h
e
m
.
I
n
ad
d
itio
n
,
th
e
g
o
v
er
n
m
en
t
m
u
s
t
p
r
o
v
id
e
f
u
ll
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
to
h
ea
lt
h
w
o
r
k
er
s
as t
h
e
f
r
o
n
tli
n
e
in
h
a
n
d
li
n
g
C
OVI
D
-
1
9
in
I
n
d
o
n
esia.
Ou
r
r
esear
ch
also
h
as
s
o
m
e
li
m
itatio
n
s
.
First,
co
m
p
ar
ed
w
i
t
h
f
ac
e
to
f
ac
e
i
n
ter
v
ie
w
s
,
s
el
f
-
r
ep
o
r
tin
g
h
as
ce
r
tai
n
li
m
ita
tio
n
s
.
Seco
n
d
,
th
e
s
t
u
d
y
i
s
cr
o
s
s
-
s
ec
tio
n
al
an
d
d
o
es
n
o
t
tr
ac
k
t
h
e
effica
c
y
o
f
p
s
y
c
h
o
lo
g
ica
l
s
er
v
ices.
D
u
e
to
ch
a
n
g
es
i
n
p
o
s
ttra
u
m
atic
m
en
ta
l
h
ea
lt
h
,
d
y
n
a
m
ic
o
b
s
er
v
at
io
n
is
n
ec
es
s
ar
y
.
A
r
a
n
d
o
m
ized
p
r
o
s
p
ec
tiv
e
s
tu
d
y
co
u
ld
b
etter
d
eter
m
i
n
e
co
r
r
elatio
n
an
d
ca
u
s
atio
n
.
T
h
ir
d
,
a
lar
g
er
s
am
p
l
e
s
ize
is
n
ee
d
ed
to
v
er
if
y
t
h
e
r
esu
l
ts
.
5.
CO
NCLU
SI
O
N
A
b
o
u
t
6
5
.
8
%
r
esp
o
n
d
en
t
s
o
f
h
ea
lt
h
w
o
r
k
er
s
in
I
n
d
o
n
e
s
ia
ex
p
er
ien
ce
d
an
x
iet
y
d
u
e
to
C
OVI
D
-
19
o
u
tb
r
ea
k
1
9
,
th
er
e
w
er
e
3
.
3
%
ex
p
er
ien
ce
d
ex
tr
e
m
el
y
s
e
v
er
e
an
x
iet
y
an
d
3
3
.
1
%
ex
p
er
ien
ce
d
m
ild
an
x
iet
y
.
W
h
ile
5
5
%
o
f
h
ea
lth
w
o
r
k
er
s
ex
p
er
ien
ce
d
s
tr
es
s
d
u
e
to
C
OVI
D
-
19
o
u
tb
r
ea
k
,
ex
tr
e
m
el
y
s
ev
er
e
s
tr
e
s
s
le
v
els
w
er
e
0
.
8
%
an
d
ex
p
er
ien
ce
d
m
ild
s
tr
es
s
3
4
.
5
%.
Hea
lth
w
o
r
k
er
s
w
h
o
ex
p
er
ien
ce
d
d
ep
r
ess
io
n
w
er
e
2
3
.
5
%.
Sev
er
e
d
ep
r
ess
io
n
is
0
.
5
%
w
h
i
le
m
ild
d
ep
r
ess
io
n
is
1
1
.
2
%.
T
h
e
r
esu
lts
o
f
t
h
i
s
s
t
u
d
y
s
h
o
w
ed
t
h
at
t
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Scie
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s
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RE
F
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NC
E
S
[1
]
P
.
W
.
H.
Ch
e
n
W
a
n
g
.
,
F
.
G
.
Ha
y
d
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.
,
a
n
d
G
.
F
.
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a
o
,
“
A
n
o
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v
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re
a
k
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f
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lo
b
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h
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a
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c
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,
”
L
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2
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[2
]
K.
L
iu
,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
Cli
n
ica
l
c
h
a
ra
c
ter
isti
c
s
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f
n
o
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n
a
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in
tertiary
h
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sp
it
a
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in
Hu
b
e
i
P
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v
in
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e
,
”
Ch
in
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Ch
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M
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l
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o
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a
.
,
v
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1
3
3
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9
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p
p
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1
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5
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1
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2
0
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[3
]
A
.
.
Nish
iu
ra
,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
T
h
e
Ex
ten
t
o
f
T
ra
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s
m
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io
n
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f
No
v
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in
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a
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,
Ch
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a
,
2
0
2
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”
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l
Cli
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,
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9
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2
,
p
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3
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0
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3
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3
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[4
]
P
.
H.
De
n
g
S
Q
,
“
Ch
a
ra
c
teristics
o
f
a
n
d
P
u
b
li
c
He
a
lt
h
Re
sp
o
n
se
s
to
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Co
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v
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Dise
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2
0
1
9
O
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tb
re
a
k
i
n
Ch
in
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,
”
J
Cli
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e
d
.
,
v
o
l.
9
,
n
o
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2
,
2
0
2
0
.
[5
]
A
.
A
l
-
Ra
b
iaa
h
e
t
a
l.
,
“
M
id
d
le
Eas
t
Re
sp
irato
ry
S
y
n
d
ro
m
e
-
Co
ro
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a
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s
(M
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-
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ss
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d
stre
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a
m
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stu
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rsit
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h
in
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sp
it
a
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a
u
d
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A
ra
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ia,”
J
o
irn
a
l
I
n
fec
t
io
u
s
P
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b
li
c
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a
lt
h
,
v
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.
1
3
,
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5
,
p
p
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6
8
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[6
]
P
.
Ch
e
n
,
L
.
M
a
o
.
,
G
.
P
.
Na
ss
is
.
,
P
.
Ha
rm
e
r
.
,
B.
E.
A
in
sw
o
rth
.
,
a
n
d
F
.
L
i,
“
W
u
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s
(
2
0
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):
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to
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lar p
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v
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w
h
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tak
in
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p
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c
a
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ti
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s,
”
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rn
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p
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W
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Org
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,
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2
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[8
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M
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,
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t
a
l.
,
“
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In
f
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M
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T
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Co
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AM
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[9
]
S
.
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a
o
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t
a
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.
,
“
Esti
m
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g
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Un
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Nu
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No
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2
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F
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2
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A
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sis
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Earl
y
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tb
re
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k
,
”
J
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Cli
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ica
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M
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v
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9
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0
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M
a
h
a
se
El
isa
b
e
th
,
“
Ch
in
a
c
o
ro
n
a
v
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s:
W
HO
d
e
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lare
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in
tern
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to
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x
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s
2
0
0
,
”
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J
,
v
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l.
3
6
8
,
2
0
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0
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i:
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tt
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1
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m
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[1
1
]
R.
L
u
,
“
G
e
n
o
m
ic
c
h
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ra
c
terisa
ti
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s
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n
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re
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to
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b
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in
g
,
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a
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t
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sh
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[1
2
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Ke
m
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n
teria
n
Ke
se
h
a
tan
Re
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li
k
In
d
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sia
,
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2
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0
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[1
3
]
Y.
-
T
.
X
ian
g
,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
T
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m
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[1
4
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B.
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n
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,
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L
.
Bra
g
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z
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L
i,
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.
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”
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5
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W
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C.
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.
De
la
C
ru
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,
B.
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o
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,
“
No
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n
(2
0
1
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c
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s,”
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me
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o
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Res
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[1
6
]
G
.
J.
Ru
b
in
,
S
.
W
e
ss
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y
,
“
T
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e
p
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f
q
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it
y
,
”
BM
J
,
v
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l.
3
6
8
,
n
o
.
Ja
n
u
a
ry
,
p
p
.
1
-
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,
2
0
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0
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d
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i:
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tt
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7
]
H.
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.
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Ya
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f
e
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g
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Da
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c
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a
t
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l
ig
h
ts,
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o
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l
Cli
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ica
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8
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h
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e
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ra
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o
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ste
in
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a
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.
,
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u
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targ
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u
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c
h
ia
try
Cli
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ica
l
Ne
u
ro
sc
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e
s
,
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l.
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9
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.
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.,
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t
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,
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k
:
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c
ro
ss
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in
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ll
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lo
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o
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rn
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[2
1
]
M
.
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ta,
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.
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h
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G
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tres
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lt
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re
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ro
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ls:
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rn
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ti
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.
[2
2
]
R.
G
.
M
a
u
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r
.,
e
t
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l.
,
“
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re
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rg
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t
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[2
3
]
I.
A
.
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li
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,
Kh
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li
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,
T
.
J.,
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t
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l.
,
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re
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trate
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ies
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tb
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k
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,
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p
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[2
4
]
W
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rld
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m
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ters
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o
tal
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ro
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se
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d
o
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tt
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n
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o
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sia
/.
[2
5
]
W
.
L
u
,
H.
W
a
n
g
,
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L
in
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L
.
L
i,
“
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sy
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sta
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V
ID
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a
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m
ic:
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c
ro
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se
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stu
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y
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,
”
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Res
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a
rc
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v
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[2
6
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N.
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u
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t
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l.
,
“
A
Qu
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ID
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1
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o
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[2
7
]
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.
L
.
R.
Ne
to
e
t
a
l.
,
“
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e
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lt
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p
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k
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e
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tal
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[2
8
]
C.
W
a
n
g
,
e
t
a
l.
,
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m
e
d
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s
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ise
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se
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t
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me
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[2
9
]
X
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“
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0
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Ne
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,
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n
,
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.
W
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ler,
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D.
W
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li
a
m
s,
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e
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r.
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.
[3
1
]
E.
A
.
T
ro
y
e
r,
J.
N.
Ko
h
n
,
S
.
H
o
n
g
,
“
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r
e
w
e
fa
c
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e
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sy
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h
iatric
se
q
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e
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f
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1
9
?
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ro
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sy
c
h
iatric
s
y
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d
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ten
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h
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n
ism
s,”
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in
,
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a
v
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o
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d
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n
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,
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l.
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0
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.
[3
2
]
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.
D.
M
a
tu
a
G
A
,
“
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Un
d
e
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:
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rs Du
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a
n
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o
la Ou
tb
re
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k
,
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o
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N
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rs
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g
Re
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h
,
v
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l.
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3
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p
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2
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2
2
4
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2
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1
5
.
[3
3
]
L
.
J.
L
ian
g
Y
,
,
Ch
e
n
M
.,
Zh
e
n
g
X
.
,
“
S
c
re
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n
in
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f
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r
Ch
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DS
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S
A
S
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th
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re
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k
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f
COV
ID
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1
9
,
”
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o
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rn
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l
o
f
Psy
c
h
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s
o
ma
ti
c
Res
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rc
h
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v
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l.
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,
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o
.
1
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2
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2
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2
0
.
[3
4
]
S
.
M
.
L
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W
.
S
.
Ka
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