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1.
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An
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[
1
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.
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h
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c
id
en
t
s
o
cc
u
r
,
th
o
s
e
w
h
o
ad
m
i
n
i
s
ter
th
e
f
ir
s
aid
(
f
ir
s
t
r
esp
o
n
d
er
)
ar
e
n
o
t
tr
ain
ed
m
ed
ical
p
r
o
f
es
s
io
n
als
b
u
t
in
s
tead
co
m
m
o
n
p
eo
p
le
o
r
s
u
r
r
o
u
n
d
in
g
citizen
s
n
ea
r
to
th
e
i
n
cid
en
t
l
o
ca
tio
n
.
C
o
m
m
o
n
a
n
d
u
n
tr
ai
n
ed
p
eo
p
le
b
ec
o
m
e
th
e
m
o
s
t
f
r
eq
u
e
n
t
o
b
s
er
v
er
s
w
h
o
ar
r
iv
e
a
n
d
g
at
h
er
ar
o
u
n
d
th
e
ac
cid
en
t
lo
ca
tio
n
[
10
,
11
]
.
T
h
e
co
m
m
o
n
p
eo
p
le
ar
r
iv
i
n
g
i
n
t
h
e
lo
ca
tio
n
s
ar
e
s
u
c
h
as
r
elativ
e
s
,
lo
ca
l
p
u
b
lic
f
ig
u
r
es,
b
ik
er
s
,
p
u
b
lic
tr
a
n
s
p
o
r
tatio
n
d
r
iv
er
s
o
r
ca
p
d
r
iv
er
s
,
an
d
p
o
lice
of
f
icer
s
[
10
]
.
W
h
ile
an
ac
cid
e
n
t
o
cc
u
r
s
,
t
h
e
r
e
is
an
i
n
itial
ac
tio
n
to
p
r
o
m
o
te
b
y
t
h
e
f
ir
s
t
r
esp
o
n
d
er
s
t
h
a
t
ar
r
iv
e
in
th
e
ac
cid
e
n
t
lo
ca
tio
n
.
A
ct
iv
at
i
n
g
an
e
m
er
g
e
n
c
y
ca
ll
b
ec
o
m
e
s
t
h
e
m
o
s
t
r
eq
u
ir
ed
ac
tio
n
at
th
e
b
e
g
in
n
i
n
g
[
2
]
.
A
cti
v
ati
n
g
t
h
e
e
m
er
g
en
c
y
ca
l
l
in
cr
ea
s
es
th
e
ti
m
e
o
f
t
h
e
tr
au
m
a
v
icti
m
r
e
s
p
o
n
s
es
i
n
o
b
t
ain
i
n
g
p
r
o
f
ess
io
n
al
ca
r
e
f
r
o
m
m
ed
ical
w
o
r
k
er
s
a
n
d
s
a
f
e
tr
a
n
s
p
o
r
tati
o
n
to
t
h
e
h
o
s
p
ital
[
12
]
.
I
t
w
ill
b
e
r
ea
liz
ed
if
t
h
e
e
m
er
g
e
n
c
y
s
er
v
ice
o
u
t
s
id
e
o
f
h
o
s
p
itals
la
s
ts
f
o
r
m
all
y
i
n
t
h
e
in
teg
r
ated
e
m
er
g
e
n
c
y
m
a
n
a
g
e
m
e
n
t
s
y
s
te
m
(
I
E
MS)
.
On
e
o
f
th
e
r
eg
io
n
s
t
h
at
h
a
v
e
n
o
t
h
a
d
an
y
e
m
er
g
en
c
y
s
er
v
ice
s
y
s
te
m
o
u
t
s
id
e
o
f
th
e
h
o
s
p
ital
f
o
r
m
al
l
y
i
s
Ko
n
a
we
m
u
n
icip
ali
t
y
,
So
u
th
er
n
E
ast S
u
la
w
es
i
,
I
n
d
o
n
esia
.
Un
co
o
r
d
in
ated
s
er
v
ice
m
a
n
ag
e
m
en
t
w
i
ll
w
o
r
s
e
n
th
e
e
m
er
g
en
c
y
s
er
v
ice
[
13
]
.
T
h
is
co
n
d
it
io
n
ca
u
s
e
s
th
e
ab
s
en
ce
o
f
co
n
tacta
b
le
c
all
to
g
et
th
e
m
ed
ical
w
o
r
k
er
aid
s
.
T
h
e
citizen
s
ar
o
u
n
d
th
e
ac
cid
en
t
lo
ca
tio
n
s
h
o
u
ld
g
o
to
th
e
h
ea
lt
h
s
er
v
ice
o
r
p
o
lice
s
tatio
n
f
o
r
as
k
in
g
f
o
r
h
elp
.
I
t
tak
es
ti
m
e
d
u
e
to
co
v
er
in
g
t
h
e
d
is
ta
n
ce
.
T
h
e
co
m
m
o
n
p
eo
p
le
h
a
v
e
to
s
to
p
an
y
p
ass
i
n
g
v
e
h
icle
s
i
n
t
h
e
ac
cid
en
t
s
p
o
t
o
r
to
co
llect
m
o
n
e
y
f
o
r
r
en
ti
n
g
a
p
er
s
o
n
al
v
e
h
icle
to
s
e
n
d
o
f
f
t
h
e
v
icti
m
s
to
h
ea
l
th
s
er
v
ice
f
a
cilities
[
6
]
.
T
h
is
co
n
d
it
io
n
i
s
f
r
eq
u
en
tl
y
f
o
u
n
d
b
y
s
o
ciet
y
w
it
h
i
n
s
u
f
f
icien
t
k
n
o
w
led
g
e
an
d
s
k
ill.
T
h
u
s
,
p
eo
p
le
co
u
ld
n
o
t
d
o
an
y
t
h
i
n
g
o
r
s
p
en
d
a
lo
n
g
t
i
m
e
co
m
m
i
tti
n
g
an
y
tr
i
v
ial
ac
tio
n
s
f
o
r
t
h
e
v
icti
m
s
[
6
]
.
B
ec
au
s
e
o
f
s
u
c
h
co
n
d
it
io
n
s
,
it
m
ak
e
s
t
h
e
e
m
er
g
e
n
ce
o
f
ex
p
ec
tan
c
y
o
f
v
ar
io
u
s
p
ar
tie
s
in
p
r
o
v
id
in
g
f
ir
s
t
aid
f
o
r
tr
au
m
a
tic
v
icti
m
s
i
n
t
h
e
r
eg
io
n
w
it
h
o
u
t
an
y
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
f
r
o
m
f
o
r
m
al
p
r
e
-
h
o
s
p
ita
l
s
er
v
ices.
T
h
is
r
esear
ch
f
o
cu
s
es
to
ex
p
lo
r
e
v
ar
io
u
s
h
o
p
es
o
f
th
e
tr
au
m
a
-
v
icti
m
a
id
p
r
o
ce
s
s
in
a
r
eg
io
n
t
h
at
h
a
s
n
o
t a
p
p
lied
p
r
e
-
h
o
s
p
ital
ized
e
m
e
r
g
en
c
y
s
er
v
ice
f
o
r
m
a
ll
y
.
2.
RE
S
E
ARCH
M
E
T
H
O
D
T
h
is
is
a
q
u
alita
tiv
e
r
esear
c
h
m
et
h
o
d
.
Qu
alitati
v
e
r
esear
c
h
m
et
h
o
d
s
ar
e
r
esear
ch
co
n
d
u
cted
in
th
e
n
atu
r
al
e
n
v
ir
o
n
m
en
t
o
f
o
b
j
ec
t
co
n
d
itio
n
s
b
y
ap
p
l
y
i
n
g
in
ter
p
r
etiv
e
an
d
n
at
u
r
alis
t
ic
p
ar
ad
ig
m
s
to
th
e
f
o
cu
s
o
f
r
esear
ch
.
T
h
e
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
u
s
ed
in
t
h
is
r
esear
c
h
is
t
h
e
ca
s
e
s
t
u
d
y
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
.
T
h
is
r
esear
ch
w
a
s
co
n
d
u
cted
i
n
Ko
n
a
w
e
C
it
y
.
T
h
is
r
esear
ch
w
a
s
co
n
d
u
cted
f
r
o
m
Feb
r
u
ar
y
to
Ma
r
ch
2
0
2
0
.
T
h
e
tim
e
a
n
d
p
lace
to
p
r
o
m
o
te
in
ter
v
ie
w
s
w
er
e
ad
j
u
s
ted
to
t
h
e
o
b
j
ec
tiv
es
tar
g
eted
i
n
t
h
is
q
u
alitati
v
e
s
t
u
d
y
.
T
h
e
r
esear
c
h
er
s
a
n
d
in
f
o
r
m
a
n
ts
ag
r
ee
d
o
n
th
e
p
lace
b
ased
o
n
w
h
er
e
th
e
i
n
f
o
r
m
an
t
w
a
s
at
th
at
ti
m
e.
A
ll
p
ar
ticip
an
t
s
w
er
e
in
ter
v
ie
w
ed
af
ter
g
etti
n
g
t
h
eir
ag
r
ee
m
en
t.
I
n
te
r
v
ie
w
s
w
it
h
in
f
o
r
m
a
n
t
s
w
er
e
ca
r
r
ied
o
u
t
af
ter
f
u
l
f
il
lin
g
t
h
e
ti
m
e
a
n
d
p
lace
ag
r
ee
m
e
n
t
f
o
r
t
h
e
i
n
f
o
r
m
a
n
t
'
s
co
m
f
o
r
t
an
d
p
r
i
v
ac
y
.
T
h
e
i
n
-
d
ep
th
in
ter
v
ie
w
m
e
th
o
d
w
a
s
c
ar
r
ied
o
u
t
o
n
ei
g
h
t
p
ar
ticip
an
ts
(
P
1
-
P
8
)
co
n
s
is
tin
g
o
f
th
e
p
eo
p
le,
p
o
lice,
h
o
s
p
ital
o
f
f
icer
s
,
an
d
h
ea
lt
h
w
o
r
k
er
s
in
th
e
r
esear
ch
ar
ea
w
h
o
h
a
v
e
ex
p
er
ien
ce
i
n
h
an
d
li
n
g
tr
a
u
m
a
ca
s
es d
u
e
to
tr
a
f
f
ic
ac
cid
en
ts
.
Data
co
llectio
n
p
r
o
ce
d
u
r
es
u
s
ed
is
in
-
d
ep
th
in
ter
v
ie
w
s
an
d
o
b
s
er
v
atio
n
tech
n
iq
u
es
.
I
n
-
d
ep
th
in
ter
v
ie
w
s
w
er
e
co
n
d
u
cted
u
s
i
n
g
o
p
en
an
d
s
e
m
i
-
s
tr
u
ct
u
r
ed
q
u
esti
o
n
s
.
B
ef
o
r
e
p
r
o
m
o
tin
g
t
h
e
in
ter
v
ie
w
p
r
o
ce
s
s
,
th
e
r
esear
ch
er
s
in
itia
ll
y
p
r
ep
ar
ed
s
ev
er
al
k
e
y
q
u
e
s
tio
n
s
to
g
u
id
e
th
e
i
n
ter
v
ie
w
.
T
h
at
w
as
d
o
n
e
to
m
ak
e
i
t
ea
s
ier
f
o
r
r
esear
ch
er
s
to
co
n
d
u
ct
co
n
s
is
te
n
t
i
n
ter
v
ie
w
s
a
n
d
co
llect
d
ata.
T
h
e
in
ter
v
ie
w
p
r
o
ce
s
s
i
s
co
n
d
u
cted
f
o
r
p
ar
ticip
an
ts
.
I
t
w
as
th
e
n
r
ec
o
r
d
ed
u
s
i
n
g
t
h
e
r
esear
ch
er
'
s
v
o
ice
r
ec
o
r
d
er
.
Dea
lin
g
w
i
th
n
o
n
-
ve
r
b
al
r
ea
ctio
n
s
f
r
o
m
i
n
f
o
r
m
a
n
ts
an
d
t
h
e
at
m
o
s
p
h
er
e
d
u
r
i
n
g
th
e
in
ter
v
ie
w
w
as
w
r
itte
n
b
y
th
e
r
esear
c
h
er
s
o
n
th
e
f
ield
n
o
tes.
A
ll
r
ec
o
r
d
in
g
s
ar
e
t
h
en
tr
an
s
f
er
r
ed
to
a
co
m
p
u
ter
an
d
an
al
y
ze
d
.
E
ac
h
i
n
ter
v
ie
w
h
a
s
b
ee
n
h
eld
f
o
r
3
0
to
4
0
m
i
n
u
tes.
T
r
an
s
cr
ip
ts
ar
e
co
d
ed
m
an
u
all
y
to
id
en
tify
t
h
e
m
e
s
an
d
s
u
b
-
t
h
e
m
es
w
h
ic
h
ar
e
th
e
n
ca
teg
o
r
ized
in
to
ca
teg
o
r
ies.
T
o
in
cr
ea
s
e
th
e
v
alid
it
y
o
f
th
e
f
i
n
d
in
g
s
,
it
w
a
s
later
v
er
i
f
ied
b
y
o
th
er
r
esear
ch
er
s
.
3.
RE
SU
L
T
S
A
ND
D
I
SCU
SS
I
O
N
3
.
1
.
F
o
s
t
er
ing
pre
-
ho
s
pita
l
s
er
v
ice
Fo
s
ter
in
g
p
r
e
-
h
o
s
p
ital
s
er
v
ice
b
ec
o
m
e
s
h
o
p
es
f
r
o
m
s
e
v
er
al
p
ar
ticip
an
ts
.
T
h
e
e
m
er
g
en
ce
o
f
in
te
n
tio
n
s
to
f
o
s
ter
a
n
e
m
er
g
en
c
y
s
er
v
ic
e
s
y
s
te
m
h
as
b
ee
n
ex
i
s
ti
n
g
s
i
n
ce
a
lo
n
g
ti
m
e
ag
o
.
T
h
e
i
n
te
n
tio
n
to
cr
ea
te
p
r
e
-
h
o
s
p
ital
s
er
v
ices
w
er
e
n
o
t
o
n
l
y
b
ased
o
n
th
e
Hea
lt
h
Min
is
ter
th
at
co
n
ce
r
n
s
w
it
h
t
h
e
in
t
eg
r
ated
e
m
er
g
e
n
c
y
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t.
J
.
P
u
b
lic
Hea
lth
Sci.
I
SS
N:
2
2
5
2
-
8806
E
xp
ec
ta
tio
n
o
f
a
d
min
is
teri
n
g
th
e
fir
s
t a
id
fo
r
tr
a
u
m
a
tic
victims d
u
r
in
g
th
e
a
b
s
en
ce
… (
F
itr
i A
n
ita
)
43
m
an
a
g
e
m
e
n
t
s
y
s
te
m
(
I
E
MS)
,
b
u
t
it
em
er
g
ed
b
ec
au
s
e
o
f
th
e
o
b
s
er
v
ab
le
ex
p
er
ien
ce
f
r
o
m
s
ev
er
al
v
icti
m
s
‟
co
n
d
itio
n
s
t
h
at
d
id
n
o
t
o
b
tain
m
o
r
e
p
r
o
f
es
s
io
n
a
l
ad
m
in
i
s
tr
a
tio
n
b
e
f
o
r
e
th
e
m
ed
ical
w
o
r
k
er
s
f
r
o
m
a
h
o
s
p
ita
l
ar
r
iv
ed
.
T
h
e
ac
c
id
en
t
v
icti
m
s
t
h
at
d
id
n
o
t
g
et
p
r
o
f
ess
io
n
al
ad
m
i
n
is
tr
atio
n
w
er
e
w
o
r
r
ied
to
b
e
at
d
is
ad
v
an
tag
ed
co
n
d
itio
n
s
.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
b
y
ex
i
s
ten
ce
p
r
e
-
h
o
s
p
ital
s
er
v
ice,
it
is
ex
p
ec
ted
to
lo
w
er
m
o
r
b
id
it
y
r
ate
as
u
tter
ed
b
elo
w
.
“
I
t
is
.
I
t
mea
n
s
b
esid
es
th
e
ex
is
ten
ce
o
f
th
e
Hea
lth
M
in
is
ter
R
eg
u
la
tio
n
,
N
u
mb
er
(
r
e
mem
b
erin
g
fo
r
s
o
metime
s
)
.
N
u
mb
er
1
9
th
e
Yea
r
2
0
1
6
,
Yes
,
it
is
.
S
ta
r
te
d
fr
o
m
a
l
o
n
g
a
g
o
,
w
e
h
a
ve
d
ema
n
d
ed
to
esta
b
lis
h
a
p
r
e
-
h
o
s
p
ita
l
s
ystem
th
a
t
is
r
u
n
fo
r
ma
lly.
Th
e
r
ea
s
o
n
is
th
a
t
ma
n
y
p
a
ti
en
ts
th
a
t
th
e
a
d
min
is
tr
a
tio
n
,
I
mea
n
th
e
p
a
tien
ts
o
u
ts
id
e
o
f
th
e
h
o
s
p
ita
l
,
th
a
t
th
e
a
d
min
is
tr
a
tio
n
is
n
o
t
a
p
p
r
o
p
r
ia
te
w
ith
w
h
a
t
w
e
w
a
n
t.
S
o
metime
s
,
th
e
o
cc
u
r
r
en
ce
o
f
th
e
tr
a
u
m
a
s
,
s
u
ch
a
s
ce
r
vica
l
f
r
a
ctu
r
e,
th
ere
w
ere
n
o
p
r
o
vid
ed
ca
r
es
fr
o
m
th
e
s
o
ciety
o
r
o
fficers
.
E
ve
n
,
it
w
o
u
ld
w
o
r
s
en
th
e
co
n
d
itio
n
s
o
b
y
th
is
ex
is
ten
ce
,
b
a
s
ed
o
n
o
u
r
o
b
s
erva
tio
n
,
w
e
tr
y
to
p
r
o
mo
te
p
r
e
-
h
o
s
p
ita
l
a
d
min
is
tr
a
tio
n
.
”
(
P
1
)
B
esid
es
th
e
h
o
s
p
ital
p
ar
t
y
,
t
h
e
tr
af
f
ic
u
n
it
p
ar
t
y
also
p
r
o
v
id
ed
th
e
r
eq
u
ir
ed
em
p
o
w
er
m
e
n
t
th
at
t
h
er
e
w
a
s
a
n
ee
d
f
o
r
an
i
n
teg
r
ated
p
r
e
-
h
o
s
p
ita
l
s
er
v
ice
a
m
o
n
g
th
e
co
n
ce
r
n
in
g
i
n
s
ti
tu
t
io
n
s
i
n
t
h
e
ef
f
o
r
ts
to
p
r
o
v
id
e
ca
r
e
f
o
r
e
m
er
g
en
c
y
ca
s
es.
T
h
e
in
te
g
r
ated
co
o
r
d
in
atio
n
w
it
h
t
h
e
h
ea
lt
h
tea
m
w
as
e
x
p
ec
t
ed
to
cr
ea
te
b
etter
r
esu
lt
s
to
w
ar
d
t
h
e
v
icti
m
s
‟
co
n
d
itio
n
s
as u
t
ter
ed
h
er
e:
"
Th
ere
w
o
u
ld
b
e
a
n
ee
d
fo
r
c
o
o
r
d
in
a
tio
n
to
crea
te
a
n
in
te
g
r
a
ted
tea
m.
Th
is
in
teg
r
a
ted
tea
m
crea
tio
n
w
o
u
ld
b
e
u
s
efu
l
w
h
en
a
tr
a
ffic
a
cc
id
en
t
o
cc
u
r
s
.
Th
ey
co
u
l
d
h
a
n
d
le
it
t
o
g
eth
er.
Th
ere
w
o
u
ld
b
e
a
ls
o
p
o
lice
o
fficers
a
n
d
h
o
s
p
ita
l p
r
o
fess
io
n
a
ls
a
s
w
ell
a
s
th
e
s
a
fe
r
a
mb
u
la
n
ce
to
g
et
r
ea
d
y
.
”
(
P5
)
T
h
e
in
teg
r
ated
p
r
e
-
h
o
s
p
ital
s
er
v
ice
i
n
a
co
o
r
d
in
ated
s
y
s
te
m
h
as b
ec
o
m
e
t
h
e
f
o
c
u
s
o
f
t
h
e
g
o
v
er
n
m
e
n
t.
T
h
e
h
ea
lth
s
er
v
ice
s
y
s
te
m
c
o
o
r
d
in
atio
n
is
m
en
t
io
n
ed
in
th
e
in
teg
r
ated
e
m
er
g
en
c
y
m
an
a
g
e
m
e
n
t
s
y
s
te
m
(
I
E
MS)
w
it
h
its
P
SC
1
1
9
p
r
o
g
r
a
m
.
I
n
t
h
is
r
esear
c
h
,
th
e
r
es
u
lts
s
h
o
w
ed
th
at
t
h
e
e
m
er
g
e
n
c
y
s
er
v
ice
o
u
ts
id
e
o
f
th
e
h
o
s
p
ital
h
ad
n
o
t
b
ee
n
p
r
o
m
o
ted
f
o
r
m
al
l
y
.
I
t
m
ad
e
th
e
p
ar
ticip
an
ts
e
x
p
ec
tin
g
t
h
e
r
ea
li
za
tio
n
o
f
t
h
e
s
y
s
te
m
i
m
m
ed
iatel
y
.
T
h
e
h
o
s
p
ital
p
ar
t
y
r
ev
ea
l
ed
it
s
i
n
te
n
tio
n
to
e
s
t
ab
lis
h
a
n
e
m
er
g
e
n
c
y
s
er
v
ice
s
y
s
te
m
t
h
at
ap
p
ea
r
ed
f
r
o
m
th
e
o
b
s
er
v
ab
le
ex
p
er
i
en
ce
s
o
f
s
e
v
er
al
v
icti
m
s
‟
co
n
d
itio
n
s
.
T
h
e
tr
af
f
ic
ac
ci
d
en
t
v
icti
m
s
w
er
e
ac
co
m
p
a
n
ied
b
y
citize
n
s
a
n
d
th
e
o
th
er
f
ir
s
t r
esp
o
n
d
er
s
.
T
h
e
y
m
ig
h
t
h
av
e
b
ee
n
in
p
o
o
r
c
o
n
d
itio
n
s
.
T
h
e
estab
lis
h
m
en
t
o
f
a
p
r
e
-
h
o
s
p
ital
s
er
v
ice
i
s
al
s
o
t
h
e
h
o
p
e
o
f
th
e
tr
af
f
ic
p
o
lice.
T
h
e
ex
is
ten
ce
o
f
p
r
e
-
h
o
s
p
ital
s
er
v
ice
s
t
h
at
ca
n
b
e
ca
r
r
ied
o
u
t in
a
n
o
r
g
an
ized
an
d
in
te
g
r
ated
m
an
n
er
i
n
o
n
e
s
y
s
te
m
w
ill
h
a
v
e
a
n
i
m
p
ac
t o
n
co
o
r
d
in
atio
n
b
et
w
e
en
ag
e
n
cies i
n
v
o
lv
ed
i
n
h
a
n
d
li
n
g
tr
a
f
f
ic
ac
cid
en
t
v
icti
m
s
.
T
h
is
co
o
r
d
in
atio
n
w
ill
h
av
e
a
d
ir
ec
t
i
m
p
ac
t
o
n
th
e
c
o
o
p
er
atio
n
o
f
th
e
h
ea
lth
tea
m
an
d
o
th
er
tea
m
s
,
s
o
t
h
at
i
f
a
n
ac
cid
en
t
o
cc
u
r
s
,
al
l
tea
m
s
ca
n
g
o
to
g
et
h
er
to
t
h
e
lo
ca
tio
n
.
T
h
is
co
o
r
d
in
atio
n
i
s
ex
p
ec
ted
to
r
esu
l
t
in
a
m
o
r
e
ef
f
ec
ti
v
e
h
a
n
d
li
n
g
p
r
o
ce
s
s
f
o
r
th
e
co
n
d
itio
n
s
o
f
a
cc
id
en
t v
ict
i
m
s
.
T
h
e
s
a
m
e
co
n
d
itio
n
s
o
cc
u
r
r
ed
in
Ka
m
p
ala
a
n
d
Ug
a
n
d
a
w
h
er
e
th
e
p
u
b
lic
i
s
ca
lli
n
g
f
o
r
i
m
m
ed
iat
e
clo
s
en
es
s
to
a
f
o
r
m
al
an
d
in
te
g
r
ated
e
m
er
g
e
n
c
y
ca
r
e
s
y
s
te
m
o
r
d
er
[
10
,
14
-
16
]
.
I
t
is
r
ec
o
g
n
ized
t
h
at
th
e
o
u
t
-
of
-
h
o
s
p
ital
r
esp
o
n
s
e
i
s
i
m
p
o
r
tan
t
i
n
t
h
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
o
f
d
ete
r
m
in
in
g
t
h
e
p
r
o
g
n
o
s
is
o
f
al
l
in
j
u
r
ed
p
atien
t
s
.
A
p
p
r
o
p
r
iate
r
esp
o
n
s
e
an
d
s
h
o
r
t
tim
e
i
n
ter
v
al
s
an
d
ad
eq
u
ate
ca
r
e
ar
e
th
e
m
o
s
t
i
m
p
o
r
tan
t
g
o
als
o
f
t
h
e
e
m
er
g
e
n
c
y
s
er
v
ice
s
y
s
te
m
o
u
t
s
id
e
th
e
h
o
s
p
ital
[
17
,
18
]
.
I
t
is
s
aid
th
a
t
m
o
r
talit
y
d
u
e
to
tr
au
m
a
t
h
at
o
cc
u
r
s
o
u
t
s
id
e
th
e
h
o
s
p
ital
ca
n
b
e
h
ig
h
er
i
n
ar
ea
s
th
at
d
o
n
o
t
h
av
e
a
n
e
m
er
g
e
n
c
y
ca
r
e
s
y
s
te
m
[
8
]
.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
it
is
h
o
p
ed
th
at
an
in
teg
r
ated
e
m
er
g
e
n
c
y
s
er
v
ice
s
y
s
te
m
ca
n
b
e
i
m
p
le
m
en
ted
i
m
m
ed
i
atel
y
b
ec
a
u
s
e
th
e
s
y
s
te
m
ca
n
h
elp
i
n
m
i
n
i
m
izi
n
g
ca
s
e
s
o
f
d
ea
th
,
in
j
u
r
ies,
d
is
ab
ilit
ies,
a
n
d
m
o
r
b
id
it
y
ca
u
s
ed
b
y
tr
a
f
f
ic
ac
cid
en
t
s
.
Ho
w
e
v
er
,
th
i
s
ce
r
tai
n
l
y
r
eq
u
ir
es
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
f
r
o
m
a
g
o
o
d
e
m
er
g
e
n
c
y
s
er
v
ice
s
y
s
te
m
s
o
th
at
it
ca
n
in
cr
ea
s
e
t
h
e
p
r
o
v
is
io
n
o
f
f
ir
s
t
aid
f
o
r
tr
af
f
ic
ac
ci
d
en
t
v
icti
m
s
[
10
]
.
P
r
e
-
h
o
s
p
ital
ca
r
e
t
h
at
i
s
ca
r
r
ied
o
u
t
in
an
o
r
g
an
ized
m
a
n
n
er
is
p
r
o
v
en
to
r
ed
u
ce
m
o
r
tal
it
y
an
d
d
is
ab
ilit
y
t
h
a
t
o
cc
u
r
s
d
u
e
to
e
m
er
g
e
n
c
y
co
n
d
itio
n
s
[
19
]
.
3
.
2
.
T
he
f
irst
a
id s
o
cia
liza
t
io
n o
f
t
he
a
cc
ident
v
ict
i
m
s
f
o
r
cit
izens
W
h
en
a
tr
af
f
ic
ac
cid
e
n
t
o
cc
u
r
s
,
m
a
n
y
p
ar
ties
i
n
t
h
e
lo
ca
tio
n
atte
m
p
ted
to
p
r
o
v
id
e
f
ir
s
t
a
id
as
th
e
y
ca
n
f
o
r
t
h
e
s
a
k
e
o
f
th
e
v
ic
ti
m
s
‟
s
u
r
v
i
v
ab
ilit
y
.
T
h
e
citi
ze
n
s
ar
o
u
n
d
th
e
tr
af
f
ic
ac
ci
d
en
t
lo
ca
tio
n
s
,
t
h
e
p
ed
estrian
,
o
r
th
e
d
r
ier
s
an
d
b
ik
er
s
b
ec
a
m
e
th
e
m
o
s
t
in
v
o
lv
ed
p
ar
ties
in
t
h
e
ac
cid
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t
lo
ca
tio
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.
I
t
w
a
s
f
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eq
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en
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y
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u
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d
t
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aid
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e
o
f
t
h
e
ad
m
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i
s
ter
ed
ac
tio
n
s
.
Se
v
er
al
p
ar
ticip
an
ts
f
o
u
n
d
d
u
r
i
n
g
t
h
e
tr
af
f
ic
ac
cid
e
n
t
lo
ca
tio
n
co
m
p
lain
ed
ab
o
u
t
th
eir
lack
o
f
k
n
o
w
led
g
e
d
ea
lin
g
w
i
th
th
e
f
ir
s
t
aid
th
e
y
s
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o
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m
in
i
s
ter
f
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t
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e
tr
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atic
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s
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lack
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k
n
o
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e
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ad
m
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s
ter
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ict
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aised
t
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to
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m
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y
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w
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s
s
tated
b
y
th
i
s
f
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llo
w
i
n
g
p
ar
ticip
an
t:
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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I
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No
.
1
,
Ma
r
ch
20
21
:
4
1
–
4
7
44
“
F
o
r
me,
th
e
med
ica
l
w
o
r
ke
r
s
o
r
th
e
h
ea
lth
a
g
en
cy
o
fficers
s
h
o
u
ld
p
r
o
vid
e
s
o
cia
liz
a
tio
n
a
ctivity
fo
r
th
e
citiz
en
s
.
I
t
s
h
o
u
ld
d
e
a
l
w
ith
h
o
w
to
a
d
min
is
ter
th
e
fir
s
t
a
id
b
ec
a
u
s
e
(
u
n
clea
r
v
o
ice
o
f
th
e
p
a
r
ticip
a
n
t)
n
o
t
a
ll
tr
a
ffic
a
cc
i
d
en
t
ca
s
es
co
u
ld
b
e
a
tten
d
ed
b
y
med
ica
l
o
fficers
.
Th
is
s
o
cia
liz
a
tio
n
is
p
u
r
p
o
s
ed
to
a
llo
w
th
e
citiz
en
s
a
w
a
r
e
o
f
h
o
w
to
a
d
min
is
ter
th
e
fi
r
s
t
a
id
.
A
ll
o
f
th
is
is
a
d
d
r
es
s
ed
fo
r
t
h
e
s
a
ke
o
f
th
e
victims to
g
et
a
b
etter a
id
.
”
(
F8
)
T
h
e
ex
p
ec
tatio
n
d
ea
li
n
g
w
it
h
s
o
cializa
tio
n
p
r
o
g
r
a
m
ab
o
u
t
th
e
f
ir
s
t
a
id
o
f
e
m
er
g
e
n
c
y
ca
s
e
d
u
e
to
tr
af
f
ic
ac
cid
en
ts
is
al
s
o
s
tated
b
y
t
h
e
s
o
ciet
y
.
A
s
i
m
i
lar
ex
p
ec
tatio
n
w
as
s
tated
b
y
t
h
e
tr
af
f
ic
u
n
it.
I
t
w
as
s
aid
th
at
tr
a
f
f
ic
ac
cid
en
t
s
w
er
e
u
n
p
r
ed
ictab
le
ac
c
id
en
ts
.
T
h
u
s
,
n
o
t
all
o
f
t
h
e
m
co
u
ld
b
e
at
ten
d
ed
b
y
m
ed
ica
l
w
o
r
k
er
s
o
r
an
y
tr
ai
n
ed
f
ir
s
t
r
e
s
p
o
n
d
er
s
,
s
u
c
h
a
s
t
h
e
tr
a
f
f
ic
u
n
it.
I
n
s
e
v
er
al
tr
a
f
f
ic
ac
cid
en
t
s
,
th
e
n
ea
r
est
p
eo
p
le
to
th
e
lo
ca
tio
n
d
id
n
o
t
ad
m
in
i
s
ter
an
y
aid
u
n
ti
l
th
e
p
o
lice
o
f
f
icer
s
ar
r
iv
ed
.
T
h
e
tr
af
f
ic
u
n
it
o
f
f
icer
e
x
p
ec
ted
s
o
ciet
y
to
b
e
p
r
ep
ar
ed
b
y
e
m
e
r
g
en
c
y
k
n
o
w
led
g
e.
T
h
u
s
,
w
h
e
n
a
n
ac
cid
e
n
t
o
cc
u
r
r
ed
,
t
h
e
y
s
h
o
u
ld
n
o
t
w
ai
t
f
o
r
th
e
tr
a
f
f
ic
u
n
it
o
f
f
icer
s
b
u
t
t
h
e
y
co
u
ld
ad
m
i
n
is
ter
t
h
eir
as
s
is
ta
n
ce
,
s
u
c
h
a
s
s
en
d
i
n
g
o
f
f
th
e
v
icti
m
s
to
t
h
e
h
o
s
p
ital.
“
I
t
is
ex
p
ec
ted
th
a
t,
ju
s
t
in
c
a
s
e,
ea
ch
med
ica
l
o
fficer
o
n
th
e
field
w
ill
p
r
o
vid
e
s
o
cia
liz
a
tio
n
fo
r
th
e
s
o
ciety
.
Th
e
p
o
in
t
is
w
h
en
a
n
a
cc
id
en
t
o
cc
u
r
s
;
th
ey
mu
s
t
n
o
t
w
a
it
fo
r
p
o
lice
o
fficers
.
Th
u
s
,
w
h
en
th
ey
s
ee
a
tr
a
ffic a
cc
id
en
t v
ictim,
th
ey
co
u
ld
d
ir
ec
tly
s
en
d
h
im
to
th
e
h
o
s
p
ita
l
.
”
(
P
5
)
T
h
o
s
e
s
tate
m
en
t
s
s
h
o
w
ed
th
a
t
in
s
e
v
er
al
ca
s
es,
th
e
f
ir
s
t
r
e
s
p
o
n
d
er
s
t
h
at
w
er
e
o
n
t
h
e
lo
ca
tio
n
h
ad
in
s
u
f
f
icien
t
k
n
o
w
led
g
e
a
n
d
s
k
ill
s
.
T
h
is
co
n
d
itio
n
tr
i
g
g
er
s
a
w
ait
in
g
h
ab
it
o
f
s
o
ciet
y
.
T
h
e
y
w
a
ited
f
o
r
th
e
tr
af
f
ic
u
n
it
o
f
f
icer
s
to
ad
m
i
n
i
s
ter
th
e
f
ir
s
t
aid
.
I
t
w
o
u
ld
h
i
n
d
e
r
th
e
v
icti
m
s
to
g
et
i
m
m
ed
iate
tr
ea
t
m
en
t
a
f
ter
th
e
ac
cid
en
t.
I
n
t
h
is
ca
s
e,
s
o
cializ
atio
n
d
ea
lin
g
w
it
h
f
ir
s
t
aid
f
o
r
th
e
tr
au
m
a
v
icti
m
s
d
u
e
to
ac
cid
en
ts
as
r
eq
u
ir
ed
b
y
s
o
ciet
y
.
T
h
e
o
b
tain
ed
k
n
o
w
led
g
e
a
n
d
s
k
ill
s
co
u
ld
b
e
i
m
p
le
m
en
ted
w
h
e
n
t
h
e
p
eo
p
le
m
et
a
s
i
m
ilar
co
n
d
itio
n
o
n
t
h
e
f
ield
.
T
h
u
s
,
th
e
f
ir
s
t
aid
ef
f
o
r
t
ad
m
i
n
is
ter
ed
b
y
t
h
e
f
ir
s
t
r
esp
o
n
d
er
s
co
u
ld
b
e
s
u
p
p
o
r
ted
b
y
s
u
f
f
icie
n
t k
n
o
w
led
g
e.
T
h
e
r
esu
lts
o
f
th
i
s
s
t
u
d
y
ar
e
c
o
n
s
is
ten
t
w
i
th
w
h
at
h
ad
b
ee
n
d
o
n
e
in
Ka
m
p
a
la
m
etr
o
p
o
lita
n
r
eg
io
n
.
I
t
w
a
s
s
aid
th
at
t
h
e
r
elate
d
m
ed
i
ca
tio
n
to
th
e
f
ir
s
t
aid
f
o
r
tr
af
f
ic
ac
cid
en
t
v
icti
m
s
w
a
s
s
till
i
n
s
u
f
f
ic
ien
t.
I
t
m
ad
e
th
e
v
icti
m
s
s
ev
er
el
y
in
j
u
r
ed
an
d
lo
s
t
th
e
ir
liv
es
b
ef
o
r
e
r
ea
ch
in
g
th
e
h
o
s
p
ital.
So
,
th
e
y
d
id
n
o
t
h
av
e
an
y
o
p
p
o
r
tu
n
it
y
to
o
b
tain
m
o
r
e
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
a
n
d
p
r
o
f
ess
io
n
al
ca
r
e.
T
h
e
p
o
ten
tial r
ea
s
o
n
t
h
at
ca
u
s
es
s
u
c
h
a
s
i
tu
at
io
n
i
s
th
e
lac
k
o
f
th
e
f
ir
s
t
r
esp
o
n
d
er
s
'
s
k
ills
i
n
t
h
e
ac
cid
en
t
lo
ca
tio
n
[
10
]
.
L
ac
k
o
f
k
n
o
w
led
g
e
o
f
t
h
e
co
m
m
o
n
p
eo
p
le
m
ad
e
th
e
m
co
n
f
u
s
ed
w
h
e
n
t
h
e
y
f
ac
ed
s
u
c
h
a
n
e
m
er
g
e
n
c
y
o
cc
u
r
r
en
ce
.
T
h
e
y
d
id
n
o
t
k
n
o
w
w
h
at
to
d
o
o
r
d
id
n
o
t
d
o
an
y
t
h
i
n
g
i
n
s
u
c
h
a
co
n
d
itio
n
.
C
o
m
m
o
n
p
eo
p
le
w
er
e
n
o
t
co
n
f
id
e
n
t
ab
o
u
t
w
h
a
t
ac
tio
n
th
e
y
s
h
o
u
ld
ad
m
in
i
s
ter
f
o
r
th
e
f
ir
s
t ti
m
e
to
s
av
e
t
h
e
in
j
u
r
ed
v
ict
i
m
s
[
20
]
.
T
r
af
f
ic
ac
cid
en
t
s
w
er
e
u
n
p
r
ed
ictab
le
ac
cid
en
ts
.
T
h
u
s
,
n
o
t
al
l
o
f
t
h
e
m
co
u
ld
b
e
at
ten
d
ed
b
y
m
ed
ical
w
o
r
k
er
s
o
r
an
y
tr
ai
n
ed
-
f
ir
s
t
r
esp
o
n
d
er
s
.
T
h
e
citizen
s
b
ec
am
e
a
te
m
p
o
r
ar
y
cr
o
w
d
a
f
ter
th
e
ac
cid
en
t
in
t
h
e
lo
ca
tio
n
.
T
h
e
citizen
s
b
ec
a
m
e
th
e
f
ir
s
t
o
b
s
er
v
er
s
th
a
t
p
laid
a
d
ir
ec
t
r
o
le
in
p
r
o
v
id
in
g
a
id
w
it
h
t
h
eir
v
ar
io
u
s
li
m
ited
k
n
o
w
led
g
e
a
n
d
s
k
ills
.
I
n
s
e
v
er
al
ca
s
e
s
th
a
t
h
ap
p
en
ed
in
th
e
citize
n
s
,
t
h
e
y
w
o
u
ld
w
ai
t
f
o
r
t
h
e
tr
a
f
f
i
c
p
o
lice
u
n
it
to
r
ec
eiv
e
f
u
r
th
er
i
n
s
tr
u
ctio
n
o
n
th
e
ad
m
i
n
is
ter
e
d
aid
s
.
I
n
th
is
s
it
u
atio
n
,
it
b
ec
a
m
e
a
h
i
n
d
r
an
ce
to
th
e
tr
af
f
ic
p
o
lice
u
n
it.
T
h
u
s
,
t
h
e
u
n
it
h
o
p
ed
th
e
citizen
s
w
o
u
ld
b
e
p
r
ep
ar
e
d
b
y
th
e
e
m
er
g
en
c
y
k
n
o
w
led
g
e.
I
t
w
a
s
ex
p
ec
ted
th
at
b
y
h
a
v
in
g
s
u
ch
k
n
o
w
led
g
e,
th
e
cit
izen
s
w
o
u
ld
d
ir
ec
tl
y
ad
m
i
n
is
ter
aid
w
it
h
o
u
t
w
aiti
n
g
f
o
r
th
e
tr
af
f
ic
p
o
lice
u
n
it.
B
y
r
ef
er
r
i
n
g
to
s
ev
er
al
p
r
ev
io
u
s
s
t
u
d
ies
‟
f
i
n
d
i
n
g
s
,
it
co
u
ld
b
e
s
tated
th
at
m
o
s
t
tr
af
f
ic
ac
cid
en
t
ca
s
es
allo
w
ed
co
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n
i
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th
a
n
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y
o
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er
r
esp
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n
d
er
s
[
20
]
.
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o
m
m
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le
th
at
ar
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ed
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ter
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[
21
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.
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p
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t
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tated
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co
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ad
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m
p
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lica
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k
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w
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f
r
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m
t
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ai
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[
20
]
.
3
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3
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T
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en
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d
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it
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f
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ac
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t
[
22
]
.
T
h
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ef
o
r
e,
it is
ex
p
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to
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a
v
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a
j
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s
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eq
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en
tl
y
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h
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tr
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in
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ce
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t
h
e
b
asic
e
m
er
g
e
n
c
y
aid
f
o
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th
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tr
a
f
f
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p
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lice
u
n
it
w
o
u
ld
co
n
tr
ib
u
te
to
th
e
s
u
cc
e
s
s
o
f
tr
af
f
ic
ac
cid
en
t
v
ic
ti
m
ca
r
e
o
u
ts
id
e
o
f
t
h
e
h
o
s
p
it
al.
I
t
w
a
s
s
aid
th
at
tr
ai
n
i
n
g
a
n
d
i
m
p
r
o
v
i
n
g
s
k
ill
s
co
n
ce
r
n
i
n
g
tr
a
u
m
atic
ca
r
e
o
u
ts
id
e
o
f
th
e
h
o
s
p
ital
ca
u
s
ed
co
m
m
o
n
p
eo
p
le
to
b
e
m
o
r
e
co
n
f
id
e
n
t
i
n
ad
m
in
i
s
ter
i
n
g
t
h
e
r
eq
u
ir
ed
in
t
er
v
en
tio
n
to
aid
in
j
u
r
ed
v
ictim
s
[
20
]
.
T
h
e
4
3
%
o
f
th
e
tr
ain
ed
co
m
m
o
n
p
eo
p
le
to
o
k
ac
tio
n
w
h
ile
ad
m
i
n
is
ter
i
n
g
t
h
e
f
ir
s
t
aid
.
8
9
%
o
f
co
m
m
o
n
p
eo
p
le
ten
d
ed
to
ass
is
t
t
h
e
v
ict
i
m
s
th
a
n
t
h
o
s
e
unt
r
ai
n
ed
[
23
]
.
C
o
m
m
o
n
p
eo
p
le
as
t
h
e
f
ir
s
t
r
esp
o
n
d
er
s
in
t
h
e
lo
ca
tio
n
h
a
d
b
ee
n
tr
ain
ed
i
n
ad
m
i
n
i
s
ter
i
n
g
a
id
f
o
r
tr
au
m
a
tic
in
j
u
r
ies
o
r
th
e
y
h
ad
f
o
llo
w
ed
a
f
ir
s
t
aid
co
u
r
s
e.
T
h
o
s
e
p
eo
p
le
w
er
e
m
o
r
e
r
esp
o
n
s
i
v
e
to
p
r
o
v
id
e
aid
f
o
r
th
e
v
ic
ti
m
s
d
u
e
to
th
e
tr
a
f
f
ic
ac
cid
en
t.
B
esid
e
s
t
h
at,
th
e
y
m
i
g
h
t
p
r
o
v
id
e
m
o
r
e
ap
p
r
o
p
r
iate
in
ter
v
e
n
tio
n
in
th
e
ac
cid
en
t
lo
ca
tio
n
[
24
-
26
]
.
I
t
w
a
s
s
tated
t
h
at
f
o
r
m
al
tr
ai
n
in
g
co
u
ld
i
m
p
r
o
v
e
t
h
e
p
ar
tic
ip
an
ts
‟
p
r
ac
tices
i
n
p
r
o
v
id
in
g
t
h
e
f
ir
s
t
aid
[
27
]
.
I
n
t
h
e
r
eg
io
n
s
t
h
at
h
a
v
e
h
ad
a
n
y
e
m
er
g
en
c
y
p
r
e
-
h
o
s
p
ital
s
e
r
v
ice
f
o
r
m
all
y
w
it
h
u
n
tr
ai
n
ed
f
ir
s
t
r
esp
o
n
d
er
s
,
t
h
e
f
ir
s
t
th
i
n
g
to
d
o
is
teac
h
i
n
g
t
h
o
s
e
co
m
m
o
n
p
eo
p
le
ab
o
u
t
th
e
b
asics
o
f
th
e
f
ir
s
t
aid
[
28
]
th
u
s
t
h
e
y
co
u
ld
b
e
b
etter
f
ir
s
t r
esp
o
n
d
er
s
i
n
p
r
o
v
id
in
g
e
m
er
g
en
c
y
ca
r
e.
3
.
4
.
T
he
s
o
cia
liza
t
io
n o
f
t
he
hea
lt
h c
a
re
s
er
v
ice
e
m
er
g
ency
nu
m
b
er
T
h
e
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
m
ed
ia
o
f
th
e
e
m
er
g
e
n
c
y
w
a
s
f
r
eq
u
e
n
tl
y
co
m
p
lain
ed
b
y
th
e
p
ar
ticip
a
n
ts
i
n
th
e
m
id
d
le
o
f
th
e
ex
p
er
ie
n
ce
d
e
m
er
g
en
c
y
s
tate
co
n
d
it
io
n
.
T
h
is
co
n
d
itio
n
led
to
th
e
co
n
f
u
s
io
n
t
h
e
y
ex
p
er
ie
n
ce
d
d
u
r
in
g
f
ac
i
n
g
a
tr
af
f
ic
ac
cid
en
t c
ase
as st
ated
b
elo
w
:
“Y
u
p
,
th
ere
s
h
o
u
ld
b
e
a
med
ia
o
r
co
mmu
n
ity
th
a
t
w
e
ca
n
co
n
ta
ct
w
h
en
a
tr
a
ffic
a
cc
id
en
t
o
cc
u
r
s
.
I
t
s
h
o
u
ld
n
o
t b
e
like
n
o
w
.
W
h
en
a
tr
a
ffic a
cc
id
en
t o
cc
u
r
s
,
w
e
d
o
n
o
t k
n
o
w
w
h
o
w
e
s
h
o
u
ld
co
n
ta
ct
.
”
(
P
2
)
T
h
e
h
i
n
d
r
an
ce
s
in
e
m
er
g
e
n
c
y
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
w
er
e
a
ls
o
co
m
p
l
ai
n
ed
b
y
s
e
v
er
al
p
ar
tic
ip
an
ts
.
T
h
e
p
ar
ticip
an
ts
ex
p
er
ien
ce
d
a
lack
o
f
s
o
cializa
tio
n
d
ea
li
n
g
w
it
h
th
e
h
ea
lt
h
s
er
v
ice
co
n
tact
n
u
m
b
er
.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
th
e
p
ar
ticip
an
ts
th
o
u
g
h
t
it
w
as
i
m
p
o
r
ta
n
t
to
b
e
in
f
o
r
m
ed
th
r
o
u
g
h
s
o
cializa
tio
n
f
o
r
all
citizen
s
,
esp
ec
iall
y
t
h
e
e
m
er
g
e
n
c
y
a
m
b
u
la
n
ce
co
n
tac
t
n
u
m
b
er
.
I
t
s
h
o
u
ld
b
e
co
n
ta
ctab
le
w
h
e
n
a
n
ac
cid
en
t
o
cc
u
r
s
.
I
t
w
as
a
s
s
tated
b
elo
w
:
"
I
t
s
h
o
u
ld
b
e
s
o
cia
liz
ed
fo
r
villa
g
e
citiz
en
s
a
b
o
u
t
th
e
imp
o
r
ta
n
t
n
u
mb
ers
o
f
h
o
s
p
ita
ls
,
s
u
ch
a
s
a
mb
u
la
n
ce
th
a
t
co
u
ld
b
e
co
n
ta
cted
immed
ia
tely.
Th
u
s
,
w
h
en
a
n
a
cc
id
en
t
o
cc
u
r
s
,
th
e
eme
r
g
en
cy
n
u
mb
ers
co
u
ld
b
e
co
n
ta
cted
.
W
e
co
u
ld
d
ir
ec
tly
co
n
ta
ct
th
e
h
o
s
p
ita
l
b
ec
a
u
s
e
fr
o
m
w
h
a
t
I
s
a
w
,
th
e
mo
s
t
fr
eq
u
en
tly
a
r
r
ived
in
th
e
lo
ca
ti
o
n
w
a
s
th
e
p
o
lice
o
fficer ca
r
e
u
n
it
s
in
s
tea
d
o
f a
n
a
mb
u
l
a
n
ce
.
"
(
P
6
)
T
h
e
p
r
e
-
h
o
s
p
ital
s
er
v
ice
s
y
s
tem
,
i
n
t
h
i
s
ca
s
e,
w
as
P
SC
1
1
9
u
n
i
t.
I
t
w
a
s
e
x
p
ec
ted
to
b
e
i
m
m
ed
iatel
y
p
r
o
m
o
ted
.
T
h
e
p
r
o
m
o
ted
P
SC
1
9
9
s
y
s
te
m
w
as
a
n
e
f
f
o
r
t
t
o
s
u
p
p
r
ess
th
e
m
o
r
tal
it
y
r
ate
o
f
e
m
er
g
e
n
c
y
s
ta
te
co
n
d
itio
n
v
icti
m
s
.
T
h
e
ex
i
s
te
n
ce
o
f
P
SC
1
1
9
co
u
ld
f
in
a
ll
y
f
o
s
ter
th
e
e
m
er
g
e
n
c
y
s
tate
co
m
m
u
n
icat
io
n
s
y
s
te
m
in
w
h
ic
h
i
ts
p
r
o
m
o
tio
n
w
a
s
a
cc
ess
ib
le
f
o
r
ev
er
y
ele
m
e
n
t.
F
r
o
m
s
e
v
er
al
u
tter
an
ce
s
o
f
t
h
e
p
ar
ticip
an
ts
,
it
w
as
i
m
p
licitl
y
s
tated
t
h
e
ex
p
ec
tati
o
n
o
f
th
e
h
o
s
p
ital
p
ar
t
y
as
t
h
e
h
ea
lth
s
er
v
ice
p
r
o
v
id
er
s
to
in
f
o
r
m
th
e
ac
ce
s
s
ib
le
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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2
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6
I
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t.
J
.
P
u
b
lic
Hea
lth
Sci.
Vo
l.
1
0
,
No
.
1
,
Ma
r
ch
20
21
:
4
1
–
4
7
46
e
m
er
g
e
n
c
y
a
m
b
u
la
n
ce
co
n
tact
n
u
m
b
er
s
f
o
r
all
s
o
cial
ele
m
e
n
ts
.
T
h
u
s
,
it
w
o
u
ld
b
e
u
s
e
f
u
l
w
h
e
n
a
n
e
m
er
g
e
n
c
y
ca
s
e
o
cc
u
r
r
ed
o
u
ts
id
e
o
f
th
e
h
o
s
p
ital.
T
h
e
em
er
g
en
c
y
co
m
m
u
n
icati
o
n
s
y
s
te
m
h
a
s
b
ec
o
m
e
an
i
m
p
o
r
tan
t
m
atter
o
f
a
p
r
e
-
h
o
s
p
it
al
s
er
v
ice.
T
h
e
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
s
y
s
te
m
i
s
a
p
ar
t
o
f
an
e
m
er
g
en
c
y
s
er
v
i
ce
th
at
i
s
r
eq
u
ir
ed
b
y
a
ll
f
ir
s
t
-
r
esp
o
n
d
er
s
i
n
t
h
e
ac
cid
en
t
lo
ca
tio
n
.
D
u
r
i
n
g
th
e
ac
cid
en
t,
th
e
e
m
er
g
e
n
c
y
co
m
m
u
n
icat
io
n
s
y
s
te
m
co
u
ld
b
e
a
p
p
lied
to
ask
h
ea
lth
tea
m
a
s
s
i
s
tan
ce
an
d
s
af
e
tr
a
n
s
p
o
r
tatio
n
to
ta
k
e
t
h
e
ac
cid
en
t
v
icti
m
s
.
T
h
e
co
m
m
u
n
ica
tio
n
m
ed
ia
o
f
th
e
e
m
er
g
e
n
c
y
w
a
s
f
r
eq
u
e
n
tl
y
co
m
p
lain
ed
b
y
th
e
p
ar
ticip
an
t
s
in
th
e
m
id
d
le
o
f
th
e
ex
p
er
ien
c
ed
em
er
g
e
n
c
y
s
tate
co
n
d
itio
n
.
S
u
ch
co
n
d
itio
n
s
ca
u
s
e
t
h
e
p
ar
ticip
an
t
s
to
ac
t
a
s
w
h
at
t
h
e
y
ca
n
d
o
w
it
h
t
h
eir
e
x
is
t
in
g
k
n
o
w
led
g
e.
B
esid
es
th
at,
th
e
p
ar
ticip
an
t
s
w
o
u
ld
tak
e
th
e
p
atie
n
ts
b
y
an
y
v
e
h
icle
b
ec
au
s
e
t
h
er
e
w
er
e
n
o
v
eh
ic
le
ac
ce
s
s
e
s
,
s
u
c
h
as a
co
n
tacta
b
le
a
m
b
u
la
n
ce
.
W
h
en
t
h
e
p
ar
ticip
an
t
s
d
id
n
o
t
h
av
e
a
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
co
m
m
u
n
it
y
,
t
h
e
y
w
o
u
ld
ac
t
a
n
y
t
h
i
n
g
w
ith
o
u
t
an
y
d
i
r
ec
tio
n
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
p
r
o
f
es
s
io
n
als.
T
h
e
p
ar
ticip
an
t
s
w
o
u
ld
also
h
a
v
e
r
o
les
to
s
e
n
d
o
f
f
t
h
e
v
icti
m
s
in
w
h
ich
d
id
n
o
t
tak
e
an
a
m
b
u
la
n
ce
.
T
h
ey
w
o
u
ld
ta
k
e
a
n
y
tr
a
n
s
p
o
r
tatio
n
in
t
h
e
f
ield
.
T
h
e
p
r
ev
io
u
s
s
tu
d
ies
f
o
u
n
d
d
if
f
ic
u
lt
ies
d
ea
li
n
g
w
i
th
co
m
m
u
n
icat
io
n
,
s
u
c
h
a
s
t
h
e
e
m
e
r
g
en
c
y
ca
ll
ch
a
n
n
el
th
at
w
as
n
o
t
a
v
ailab
le.
I
t
co
n
tr
ib
u
ted
to
th
e
h
in
d
r
an
ce
o
f
ad
m
i
n
is
ter
in
g
t
h
e
f
ir
s
t a
id
f
o
r
th
e
e
m
er
g
e
n
c
y
ca
s
e
[
29
]
.
Oth
er
s
t
u
d
ies
s
h
o
w
ed
th
at
b
esid
es
p
r
o
v
id
in
g
tr
ai
n
i
n
g
f
o
r
lar
g
er
co
m
m
o
n
p
eo
p
le
as
th
e
f
ir
s
t
r
esp
o
n
d
er
s
,
th
er
e
w
er
e
also
s
ev
er
al
n
ec
e
s
s
it
ies
to
m
ee
t.
C
o
n
s
tr
u
cti
n
g
th
e
in
f
r
astr
u
c
t
u
r
e
to
p
r
o
m
o
te
ca
r
e
o
u
ts
id
e
o
f
t
h
e
h
o
s
p
ital
n
ee
d
e
d
atten
tio
n
.
I
t
w
a
s
s
u
c
h
a
s
p
r
o
v
id
in
g
t
h
e
co
n
tacta
b
le
s
er
v
i
ce
p
r
o
v
id
er
co
n
tact
n
u
m
b
er
to
i
m
p
r
o
v
e
th
e
ac
ce
s
s
an
d
u
tili
za
t
io
n
o
f
t
h
e
a
m
b
u
la
n
ce
[
30
]
.
A
co
n
tact
n
u
m
b
er
m
u
s
t
b
e
k
n
o
w
n
b
y
al
l
co
m
m
u
n
itie
s
.
T
h
e
citizen
s
p
r
ef
er
r
ed
to
h
av
e
b
r
o
a
d
er
k
n
o
w
le
d
g
e
co
n
ce
r
n
in
g
th
e
e
m
er
g
e
n
c
y
ca
l
l.
I
t
w
as
d
o
n
e
b
ec
au
s
e
o
f
t
h
e
e
m
er
g
en
c
y
ca
ll
n
u
m
b
er
an
d
it
w
as a
n
i
m
p
o
r
ta
n
t th
in
g
i
n
s
u
p
p
o
r
tin
g
t
h
e
h
ea
l
th
s
er
v
ice
[
31
]
.
4.
CO
NCLU
SI
O
N
Sev
er
al
e
x
p
ec
tatio
n
s
o
f
t
h
e
p
ar
ticip
an
ts
ar
e
e
s
tab
lis
h
i
n
g
th
e
p
r
e
-
h
o
s
p
ital
ized
e
m
er
g
en
c
y
s
er
v
ice
,
s
o
cializin
g
t
h
e
f
ir
s
t
aid
f
o
r
th
e
in
cid
e
n
t
v
ic
ti
m
s
,
tr
ain
i
n
g
d
ea
lin
g
w
i
th
t
h
e
f
ir
s
t
aid
o
f
tak
i
n
g
ca
r
e
tr
au
m
a
v
icti
m
s
,
a
n
d
p
r
o
m
o
ti
n
g
s
o
ci
aliza
tio
n
f
o
r
all
citizen
s
ab
o
u
t
th
e
e
m
er
g
e
n
c
y
n
u
m
b
er
s
o
f
h
ea
lt
h
s
er
v
ice
in
s
t
itu
tio
n
w
h
ic
h
co
u
ld
b
e
i
m
m
ed
iatel
y
co
n
tacte
d
w
h
e
n
a
n
ac
cid
en
t
o
c
cu
r
s
.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
t
h
er
e
is
a
n
ee
d
f
o
r
a
n
e
m
er
g
e
n
c
y
s
er
v
ice
s
y
s
te
m
e
s
tab
lis
h
m
e
n
t
an
d
d
e
v
elo
p
m
e
n
t.
T
h
e
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
an
d
e
s
tab
lis
h
m
e
n
t
h
a
v
e
a
f
u
n
ctio
n
to
p
r
ep
ar
e
th
e
s
o
ciet
y
,
p
o
lice
o
f
f
icer
,
a
n
d
o
th
er
v
o
lu
n
teer
s
w
i
th
th
e
b
asic
aid
to
ad
m
in
i
s
ter
ca
r
e
o
n
th
e
s
p
o
t
f
o
r
th
e
tr
au
m
atic
p
atien
t
s
;
to
p
r
ep
ar
e
th
e
s
af
e
t
r
an
s
p
o
r
tatio
n
s
,
a
n
d
to
m
as
s
i
v
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NC
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S
[1
]
P
ig
o
g
a
,
J.L
.,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
A
d
a
p
ti
n
g
th
e
e
m
e
r
g
e
n
c
y
f
irst
a
id
re
sp
o
n
d
e
r
c
o
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rse
f
o
r
Za
m
b
ia
th
ro
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g
h
c
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rri
c
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lu
m
m
a
p
p
in
g
a
n
d
b
lu
e
p
ri
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ti
n
g
,
”
BM
J
O
p
e
n
,
v
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l
.
7
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.
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,
p
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e
0
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8
3
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9
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0
1
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.
[2
]
V
a
k
il
i,
M
.
A
.
,
e
t
a
l
.
,
“
T
h
e
e
ff
ica
c
y
o
f
a
f
irst
a
id
train
in
g
c
o
u
rse
f
o
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d
riv
e
rs:
a
n
e
x
p
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rien
c
e
f
ro
m
n
o
rt
h
e
rn
Ira
n
,
”
Ch
in
e
se
J
o
u
r
n
a
l
Of
T
ra
u
ma
t
o
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o
g
y
,
v
o
l.
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,
n
o
.
5
,
p
p
.
2
8
9
-
2
9
2
,
2
0
1
4
.
[3
]
G
o
o
n
e
w
a
rd
e
n
e
,
S
.
S
.
,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
Ro
a
d
traff
ic
c
o
ll
isio
n
s
-
c
a
se
fa
talit
y
ra
te,
c
ra
sh
in
ju
ry
ra
te,
a
n
d
n
u
m
b
e
r
o
f
m
o
to
r
v
e
h
icle
s:
ti
m
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tr
e
n
d
s
b
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tw
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n
a
d
e
v
e
lo
p
e
d
a
n
d
d
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v
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lo
p
in
g
c
o
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n
t
ry
,
”
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h
e
Ame
ric
a
n
S
u
rg
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o
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,
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o
l.
76
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o
.
9
,
p
p
.
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9
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2
0
1
0
.
[4
]
P
o
lri
,
K.,
J
u
ml
a
h
Ke
c
e
la
k
a
a
n
L
a
l
u
li
n
t
a
s
,
2
0
1
8
,
Ko
r
p
s L
a
lu
li
n
tas
K
e
p
o
li
sia
n
Ne
g
a
ra
Re
p
u
b
li
k
In
d
o
n
e
sia
:
In
d
o
n
e
sia
.
[5
]
El
m
q
v
ist,
C.
,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
Be
in
g
f
irst
o
n
t
h
e
sc
e
n
e
o
f
a
n
a
c
c
id
e
n
t
–
e
x
p
e
rien
c
e
s
o
f
„d
o
in
g
‟p
re
h
o
sp
it
a
l
e
m
e
rg
e
n
c
y
c
a
re
,
”
S
c
a
n
d
in
a
v
ia
n
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
Ca
ri
n
g
S
c
ien
c
e
s
,
v
o
l.
24
,
n
o
.
2
,
p
p
.
2
6
6
-
2
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3
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2
0
1
0
.
[6
]
Ch
o
k
o
t
h
o
,
L
.
,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
F
irst
re
sp
o
n
d
e
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a
n
d
p
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it
a
l
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a
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f
o
r
ro
a
d
traff
ic
in
ju
ries
in
M
a
law
i
,
”
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h
o
sp
it
a
l
A
n
d
Disa
ste
r M
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icin
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,
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l.
32
,
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.
1
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p
p
.
1
4
-
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9
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2
0
1
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.
[7
]
Ca
lv
e
ll
o
,
E.
,
e
t
a
l
.
,
“
Em
e
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n
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ra
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f
ric
a
:
re
su
lt
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se
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su
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f
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re
n
c
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,
”
Af
ric
a
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J
o
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r
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rg
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l.
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o
.
1
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p
p.
42
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48
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1
3
.
[8
]
De
b
e
n
h
a
m
,
S
.
,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
W
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o
EM
S
:
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rg
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ty
,
”
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sp
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Disa
ste
r M
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icin
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,
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l.
32
,
n
o
.
6
,
p
p
.
5
9
3
-
595
,
2
0
1
7
.
[9
]
Be
u
ra
n
,
M
.
,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
P
re
h
o
s
p
it
a
l
tr
a
u
m
a
c
a
re
:
a
c
li
n
ica
l
re
v
ie
w
,”
Ch
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rg
ia
,
v
o
l.
1
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,
n
o
.
5
,
p
p
.
5
6
4
-
5
7
0
,
2
0
1
2
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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47
[1
0
]
Ba
li
k
u
d
d
e
m
b
e
,
J.K.,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
We
a
k
n
e
ss
e
s
a
n
d
c
a
p
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it
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a
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h
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ter
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m
p
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o
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tan
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re
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ro
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-
se
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,
”
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C
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rg
e
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l.
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1
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[1
1
]
Kh
o
ra
sa
n
i
-
Zav
a
re
h
,
D.,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
P
o
st
-
c
ra
sh
m
a
n
a
g
e
m
e
n
t
o
f
ro
a
d
traffic in
ju
ry
v
icti
m
s in
Ira
n
.
S
tak
e
h
o
l
d
e
rs'
v
ie
w
s o
n
c
u
rre
n
t
b
a
rriers
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n
d
p
o
ten
ti
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l
f
a
c
il
it
a
to
rs
,
”
BM
C
Eme
rg
e
n
c
y
M
e
d
icin
e
,
v
o
l.
9
,
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o
.
1
,
2
0
0
9
.
[1
2
]
Ha
ll
,
A
.
,
K.
W
o
o
t
o
n
,
a
n
d
A
.
Hu
t
to
n
,
“
By
sta
n
d
e
r
Ex
p
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rien
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s
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t
a
n
d
a
f
ter
a
M
o
to
r
V
e
h
icle
A
c
c
id
e
n
t:
A
re
v
iew
o
f
th
e
li
tera
tu
re
,
”
A
u
stra
l
a
sia
n
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
P
a
ra
me
d
ici
n
e
,
v
o
.
10
,
n
o
.
4
,
2
0
1
3
.
[1
3
]
Dja
lali,
A
.
,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
F
a
c
il
it
a
to
rs
a
n
d
o
b
sta
c
les
in
p
re
-
h
o
sp
it
a
l
m
e
d
ica
l
re
sp
o
n
se
to
e
a
rth
q
u
a
k
e
s:
a
q
u
a
li
tativ
e
stu
d
y
,”
S
c
a
n
d
in
a
v
ia
n
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
T
ra
u
ma
,
Res
u
sc
it
a
ti
o
n
a
n
d
Eme
rg
e
n
c
y
M
e
d
icin
e
,
v
o
l.
19
,
n
o
.
1
,
p
p
.
1
-
9
,
2
0
1
1
.
[1
4
]
Hs
ia,
R.
Y.,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
Ep
id
e
m
io
lo
g
y
o
f
in
ju
ries
p
re
se
n
ti
n
g
to
th
e
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
h
o
s
p
it
a
l
in
Ka
m
p
a
la,
U
g
a
n
d
a
:
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m
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
s
f
o
r
re
se
a
r
c
h
a
n
d
p
o
li
c
y
,”
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
J
o
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rn
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l
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Eme
rg
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n
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d
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l.
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p
.
1
6
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2
,
2
0
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.
[1
5
]
Ja
y
a
r
a
m
a
n
,
S
.
,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
C
u
rre
n
t
p
a
tt
e
rn
s
o
f
p
re
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sp
i
tal
trau
m
a
c
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re
in
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m
p
a
la,
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a
n
d
a
a
n
d
th
e
f
e
a
s
ib
il
it
y
o
f
a
lay
-
f
irst
-
re
sp
o
n
d
e
r
train
i
n
g
p
r
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g
ra
m
,”
W
o
rld
J
o
u
r
n
a
l
o
f
S
u
rg
e
ry
,
v
o
l.
33
,
n
o
.
12
,
p
p
.
2
5
1
2
-
2
5
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1
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2
0
0
9
.
[1
6
]
Kig
e
ra
,
J.W
.
M
.
a
n
d
E.
K.
Na
d
d
u
m
b
a
,
“
In
ju
ry
to
p
re
se
n
tatio
n
d
e
la
y
s
a
m
o
n
g
m
u
sc
u
lo
sk
e
leta
l
trau
m
a
p
a
ti
e
n
ts
i
n
Ug
a
n
d
a
,”
Ea
st A
frica
n
Or
th
o
p
a
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d
ic Jo
u
r
n
a
l
,
v
o
l.
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,
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o
.
2
, p
p
.
3
6
-
39
,
2
0
1
1
.
[1
7
]
Co
n
c
a
n
n
o
n
,
T
.
W
.
,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
El
a
p
se
d
ti
m
e
in
e
m
e
rg
e
n
c
y
m
e
d
ica
l
se
r
v
ice
s
f
o
r
p
a
ti
e
n
ts
w
it
h
c
a
rd
iac
c
o
m
p
lain
ts:
a
re
so
m
e
p
a
ti
e
n
ts
a
t
g
r
e
a
ter
risk
f
o
r
d
e
lay
?
,”
Cir
c
u
la
ti
o
n
:
Ca
rd
io
v
a
sc
u
la
r
Qu
a
li
ty
a
n
d
Ou
tco
me
s
,
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l.
2
,
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o
.
1
,
p
p
.
9
-
15
,
2
0
0
9
.
[1
8
]
W
il
d
e
,
E.
T
.
,
“
Do
e
m
e
rg
e
n
c
y
m
e
d
ica
l
sy
ste
m
r
e
sp
o
n
se
ti
m
e
s
m
a
tt
e
r
f
o
r
h
e
a
lt
h
o
u
tco
m
e
s?
”
He
a
lt
h
E
c
o
n
o
mic
s
,
v
o
l.
22
,
n
o
.
7
,
p
p
.
7
9
0
-
8
0
6
,
2
0
1
3
.
[1
9
]
W
e
ss
o
n
,
H.K.H.
a
n
d
M
.
Kw
o
n
g
,
“
T
r
a
u
m
a
c
a
re
in
In
d
ia:
A
r
e
v
ie
w
o
f
th
e
li
tera
tu
r
e
,”
S
u
rg
e
ry
,
v
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l.
162
,
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o
.
6
,
p
p
.
S
8
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-
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6
,
2
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.
[2
0
]
He
id
a
ri,
M
.
,
A
.
A
r
y
a
n
k
h
e
sa
l,
a
n
d
D.
Kh
o
ra
sa
n
i
-
Zav
a
re
h
,
“
L
a
y
p
e
o
p
le ro
les
a
t
ro
a
d
traff
ic cra
sh
sc
e
n
e
s: a s
y
ste
m
a
ti
c
re
v
ie
w
,”
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
r
n
a
l
o
f
In
ju
ry
Co
n
tro
l
a
n
d
S
a
fety
Pro
mo
t
io
n
,
v
o
l.
26
,
n
o
.
1
,
p
p
.
8
2
-
9
1
.
2
0
1
8
.
[2
1
]
Oliv
e
r,
G
.
,
D.
W
a
lt
e
r,
a
n
d
A
.
Re
d
m
o
n
d
,
“
P
re
h
o
s
p
it
a
l
d
e
a
th
s
f
ro
m
trau
m
a
:
A
re
in
ju
ries
su
rv
iv
a
b
le
a
n
d
d
o
b
y
sta
n
d
e
rs h
e
lp
?
”
Res
u
sc
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ti
o
n
,
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o
l.
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e
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.
[2
2
]
Ha
d
ig
a
l,
S
.
a
n
d
G
.
R.
Ra
o
,
“
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t
u
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y
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f
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-
b
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a
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ro
a
d
traff
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a
c
c
id
e
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ts
in
Hy
d
e
ra
b
a
d
,”
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a
n
sfo
rm
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n
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rg
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t
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l.
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.
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2
0
1
1
.
[2
3
]
Ba
k
k
e
,
H.K.,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
A
n
a
ti
o
n
wid
e
su
rv
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y
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f
f
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a
id
train
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g
a
n
d
e
n
c
o
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n
ters
in
N
o
rw
a
y
,”
B
M
C
Eme
rg
e
n
c
y
M
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d
icin
e
,
v
o
l.
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o
.
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p
.
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.
[2
4
]
A
rb
o
n
,
P
.
,
J.
Ha
y
e
s,
a
n
d
R.
W
o
o
d
m
a
n
,
“
F
irst
a
id
a
n
d
h
a
rm
m
in
imiz
a
ti
o
n
f
o
r
v
ictim
s
o
f
ro
a
d
trau
m
a
:
a
p
o
p
u
lati
o
n
stu
d
y
”
Pre
h
o
sp
it
a
l
a
n
d
Dis
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ste
r M
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icin
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,
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l.
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o
.
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p
.
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6
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282
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[2
5
]
Ba
k
k
e
,
H.K.,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
B
y
st
a
n
d
e
r
f
i
rst
a
id
in
trau
m
a
–
p
re
v
a
len
c
e
a
n
d
q
u
a
li
ty
:
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p
ro
sp
e
c
ti
v
e
o
b
se
rv
a
ti
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n
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l
stu
d
y
,”
Acta
An
a
e
sth
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si
o
lo
g
ica
S
c
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d
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n
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v
ica
,
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l.
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o
.
9
,
p
p
.
1
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,
2
0
1
5
.
[2
6
]
Ba
z
e
li
,
J.,
A
.
A
r
y
a
n
k
h
e
sa
l,
a
n
d
D.
Kh
o
ra
sa
n
i
-
Zav
a
re
h
,
“
Ex
p
lo
rin
g
th
e
p
e
rc
e
p
ti
o
n
o
f
a
id
o
rg
a
n
iza
ti
o
n
s‟
sta
ff
a
b
o
u
t
f
a
c
to
rs
a
ff
e
c
ti
n
g
m
a
n
a
g
e
m
e
n
t
o
f
m
a
ss
c
a
su
a
lt
y
tra
ff
ic
in
c
id
e
n
ts
in
Ira
n
:
a
g
ro
u
n
d
e
d
t
h
e
o
ry
stu
d
y
,”
El
e
c
tro
n
ic
P
h
y
sic
ia
n
,
v
o
l.
9
,
n
o
.
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, p
p
.
4
7
7
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7
7
9
,
2
0
1
7
.
[2
7
]
P
a
ll
a
v
isa
rji
,
U.,
G
.
G
u
ru
ra
j,
a
n
d
R.
N.
G
iri
sh
,
“
P
ra
c
ti
c
e
a
n
d
p
e
rc
e
p
ti
o
n
o
f
f
irst
a
id
a
m
o
n
g
la
y
f
irst
re
sp
o
n
d
e
rs
in
a
so
u
th
e
r
n
d
istri
c
t
o
f
In
d
ia
,”
Arc
h
iv
e
s o
f
T
ra
u
ma
Res
e
a
rc
h
,
v
o
.
1
,
n
o
.
4
,
p
p
.
1
5
5
–
1
6
0
,
2
0
1
3
.
[2
8
]
Ko
b
u
si
n
g
y
e
,
O.C.
,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
Em
e
rg
e
n
c
y
m
e
d
ica
l
s
y
ste
m
s
in
lo
w
-
a
n
d
m
id
d
le
-
in
c
o
m
e
c
o
u
n
tri
e
s:
re
c
o
m
m
e
n
d
a
ti
o
n
s
f
o
r
a
c
ti
o
n
,”
B
u
ll
e
ti
n
o
f
th
e
W
o
rl
d
He
a
lt
h
Or
g
a
n
iza
ti
o
n
,
v
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l.
83
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o
8
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p
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.
6
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6
-
631
,
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5
.
[2
9
]
Bro
c
c
o
li
,
M
.
C.
,
et
a
l.
,
“
P
e
rc
e
p
ti
o
n
s
o
f
e
m
e
r
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n
c
y
c
a
r
e
in
Ke
n
y
a
n
c
o
m
m
u
n
it
ies
lac
k
in
g
a
c
c
e
s
s
to
f
o
rm
a
li
se
d
e
m
e
rg
e
n
c
y
m
e
d
ica
l
s
y
ste
m
s: a q
u
a
li
tativ
e
stu
d
y
,”
BM
J
O
p
e
n
,
v
o
l.
5
,
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o
.
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p
.
e
0
0
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0
8
,
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0
1
5
.
[3
0
]
Ho
fm
a
n
,
J.J.,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
M
o
to
rc
y
c
le
a
m
b
u
lan
c
e
s
f
o
r
r
e
f
e
rra
l
o
f
o
b
ste
tri
c
e
m
e
r
g
e
n
c
ies
in
ru
ra
l
M
a
la
w
i:
d
o
th
e
y
re
d
u
c
e
d
e
lay
a
n
d
w
h
a
t
d
o
th
e
y
c
o
st?
”
I
n
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
Gy
n
e
c
o
l
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g
y
&
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ste
trics
,
v
o
l.
102
,
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o
.
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,
p
p
.
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.
[3
1
]
S
tein
,
C.
,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
A
c
c
e
ss
to
o
u
t
-
of
-
h
o
sp
it
a
l
e
m
e
rg
e
n
c
y
c
a
r
e
in
Af
rica
:
c
o
n
se
n
su
s
c
o
n
f
e
re
n
c
e
re
c
o
m
m
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d
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ti
o
n
s
,”
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ric
a
n
J
o
u
rn
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l
o
f
Eme
rg
e
n
c
y
M
e
d
icin
e
,
v
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l.
6
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n
o
.
3
,
p
p
.
1
5
8
-
1
6
1
,
2
0
1
6
.
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