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0
1
0
-
2
0
1
4
)
th
er
e
h
as
b
ee
n
a
d
ec
r
ea
s
in
g
tr
e
n
d
o
f
th
e
i
m
p
le
m
en
ta
tio
n
o
f
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
s
y
s
te
m
in
co
m
m
u
n
it
y
h
ea
lt
h
ce
n
ter
.
I
t h
as a
f
f
ec
t
ed
th
e
s
y
s
te
m
in
r
e
g
en
c
y
h
ea
lt
h
o
f
f
ice
lev
e
l.
B
ased
o
n
t
h
e
a
f
o
r
e
m
e
n
tio
n
ed
e
m
p
ir
ical
p
r
o
b
lem
,
it
w
a
s
d
ee
m
ed
n
ec
ess
ar
y
to
co
n
d
u
ct
a
r
esear
ch
co
n
ce
r
n
i
n
g
o
r
g
a
n
izatio
n
al
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
to
v
illag
e
m
id
w
i
v
es
as
s
y
s
te
m
u
s
er
,
esp
ec
iall
y
co
n
ce
r
n
in
g
s
u
p
er
v
is
o
r
s
u
p
p
o
r
t,
co
n
d
u
civ
e
w
o
r
k
co
n
d
itio
n
,
an
d
in
ce
n
ti
v
e
s
r
elate
d
w
ith
t
h
e
o
p
er
atio
n
al
o
f
th
e
s
y
s
te
m
.
2.
RE
S
E
ARCH
M
E
T
H
O
D
T
h
e
p
o
p
u
latio
n
o
f
t
h
is
cr
o
s
s
-
s
ec
tio
n
al
s
t
u
d
y
wa
s
all
v
il
lag
e
m
id
w
i
v
e
s
ad
m
i
n
is
tr
ativ
el
y
in
d
u
t
y
i
n
Hea
lth
Dep
ar
t
m
e
n
t
o
f
N
g
a
w
i
R
eg
e
n
c
y
i
n
2
0
1
5
(
p
o
p
u
latio
n
s
ize
=
217)
.
A
ll
o
f
t
h
e
v
illa
g
e
m
id
w
i
v
es
in
cl
u
d
ed
as
a
r
esear
ch
s
u
b
j
ec
t,
s
o
th
er
e
wa
s
n
o
s
a
m
p
li
n
g
p
r
o
ce
s
s
.
Data
w
a
s
g
at
h
er
ed
th
r
o
u
g
h
q
u
esti
o
n
n
a
ir
e
f
illi
n
g
r
eg
ar
d
in
g
p
er
ce
iv
ed
o
r
g
a
n
iza
tio
n
al
s
u
p
p
o
r
t,
co
n
s
is
tin
g
o
f
3
in
d
icato
r
s
i.e
.
1
)
s
u
p
er
v
is
o
r
s
u
p
p
o
r
t,
2
)
w
o
r
k
co
n
d
itio
n
,
an
d
3
)
r
e
w
ar
d
.
Af
te
r
d
ata
w
as
g
at
h
er
ed
,
it
w
as
t
h
e
n
p
r
o
ce
s
s
ed
an
d
an
a
l
y
ze
d
b
y
u
s
i
n
g
co
n
f
ir
m
a
to
r
y
f
ac
to
r
an
al
y
s
i
s
.
3.
RE
SU
L
T
S
R
es
u
lt
o
f
m
u
l
tiv
ar
iate
d
ata
n
o
r
m
alit
y
test
b
y
u
s
i
n
g
co
n
f
ir
m
a
to
r
y
f
ac
to
r
an
al
y
s
is
(
T
ab
le
1
)
s
u
g
g
e
s
ted
CR
=
-
0
.
2
7
7
(
<1
.
9
6
)
,
th
at
it
co
u
ld
b
e
co
n
clu
d
ed
t
h
at
b
y
m
ea
n
s
o
f
m
u
l
tiv
ar
iate
th
e
d
ata
w
a
s
n
o
r
m
all
y
d
is
tr
ib
u
ted
,
th
at
t
h
e
r
esu
lt o
f
c
o
n
f
ir
m
ato
r
y
f
ac
to
r
an
al
y
s
i
s
ca
n
b
e
u
s
ed
.
T
ab
le
1
.
R
esu
lt o
f
M
u
lti
v
ar
iat
e
Data
No
r
m
a
lit
y
T
est
V
a
r
i
a
b
l
e
M
i
n
i
m
u
m
M
a
x
i
m
u
m
S
k
e
w
n
e
ss
C
r
i
t
i
c
a
l
r
a
t
i
o
K
u
r
t
o
si
s
C
r
i
t
i
c
a
l
r
a
t
i
o
p
o
s3
(
r
e
w
a
r
d
)
1
,
0
0
0
8
,
0
0
0
-
.
0
6
9
-
.
4
1
4
-
.
5
9
4
-
1
.
7
8
6
p
o
s2
(
w
o
r
k
c
o
n
d
i
t
i
o
n
)
1
,
0
0
0
8
,
0
0
0
-
.
4
3
2
-
2
.
5
9
7
-
.
3
5
0
-
1
.
0
5
1
p
o
s1
(
s
u
p
e
r
v
i
so
r
su
p
p
o
r
t
)
1
,
0
0
0
8
,
0
0
0
-
.
2
1
1
-
1
.
2
7
0
-
.
2
4
7
-
.
7
4
1
M
u
l
t
i
v
a
r
i
a
t
e
-
.
2
0
6
-
.
2
7
7
R
es
u
lt
o
f
r
esear
ch
s
u
g
g
e
s
te
d
th
at
co
-
ef
f
icie
n
ts
f
o
r
ea
ch
o
b
s
er
v
ed
v
ar
iab
les
(
in
d
icato
r
s
)
w
er
e
r
esp
ec
tiv
ell
y
as
f
o
llo
w
s
:
s
u
p
er
v
is
o
r
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
=
0
,
8
2
,
w
o
r
k
co
n
d
itio
n
=
0
,
8
0
,
d
an
in
ce
n
t
iv
e
=
0
,
9
0
.
T
h
e
w
h
o
l
e
co
ef
f
icie
n
t
v
al
u
e
w
as
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
in
g
1
,
th
at
it
ca
n
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e
co
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cl
u
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th
at
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r
ee
o
f
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w
er
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s
i
g
n
i
f
ica
n
t
in
d
icato
r
s
f
o
r
p
er
ce
iv
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o
r
g
an
izatio
n
al
s
u
p
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r
t (
Fig
u
r
e
1
)
.
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
R
esu
lt
o
f
co
n
f
ir
m
ato
r
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f
ac
to
r
an
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Stan
d
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r
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r
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0
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d
r
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ar
d
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0
0
1
.
Sin
ce
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e
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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5
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Sep
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282
all
in
d
icato
r
s
w
er
e
les
s
th
a
n
0
.
0
5
,
it
ca
n
b
e
co
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clu
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th
at
s
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v
is
o
r
s
u
p
p
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r
t,
w
o
r
k
co
n
d
iti
o
n
,
an
d
r
e
w
ar
d
ar
e
v
alid
in
d
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r
s
f
o
r
p
er
ce
iv
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o
r
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p
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t.
Var
ian
ce
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r
o
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an
d
P
-
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o
r
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ch
i
n
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s
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er
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as
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o
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w
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:
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u
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p
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1
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0
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0
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ar
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=
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5
0
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&
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0
0
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.
Sin
ce
th
e
P
-
v
al
u
e
o
f
all
i
n
d
icato
r
s
w
er
e
le
s
s
t
h
an
0
,
0
5
,
it
ca
n
b
e
co
n
clu
d
ed
th
a
t
s
u
p
er
v
is
o
r
s
u
p
p
o
r
t,
w
o
r
k
co
n
d
itio
n
,
an
d
r
e
w
ar
d
ar
e
r
eliab
le
in
d
icato
r
s
f
o
r
p
er
ce
iv
ed
o
r
g
an
izatio
n
al
s
u
p
p
o
r
t.
4.
DIS
CU
SS
I
O
N
I
n
th
e
i
m
p
le
m
e
n
tatio
n
o
f
in
f
o
r
m
at
io
n
s
y
s
te
m
s
(
i
n
cl
u
d
in
g
h
ea
lt
h
i
n
f
o
r
m
atio
n
s
y
s
te
m
s
)
,
t
h
er
e
ar
e
s
ev
er
al
f
ac
to
r
s
th
at
m
u
s
t
b
e
tak
en
to
e
n
s
u
r
e
th
at
t
h
e
s
y
s
t
e
m
ca
n
b
e
ac
ce
p
ted
b
y
u
s
er
s
.
B
esid
es
tech
n
ica
l
f
ac
to
r
s
s
u
ch
a
s
th
e
p
er
ce
i
v
ed
u
s
e
f
u
ln
e
s
s
a
n
d
p
er
ce
iv
ed
ea
s
e
o
f
u
s
e
[
3
]
,
o
r
g
an
izatio
n
al
f
ac
to
r
s
s
u
ch
a
s
th
e
o
r
g
an
izatio
n
al
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
s
h
o
u
ld
also
b
e
co
n
s
id
er
ed
[
4
]
.
Or
g
an
izatio
n
a
l
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
in
t
h
i
s
co
n
tex
t
i
s
t
h
e
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
g
iv
e
n
b
y
o
r
g
a
n
izatio
n
s
to
t
h
eir
e
m
p
lo
y
ee
s
,
esp
ec
iall
y
o
n
m
atter
s
r
elatin
g
to
th
e
i
m
p
le
m
en
ta
tio
n
o
f
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
s
y
s
te
m
s
.
I
n
t
h
is
c
ase,
th
e
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
g
i
v
en
to
e
m
p
lo
y
ee
s
w
h
o
h
a
v
e
b
ee
n
ca
r
r
y
in
g
o
u
t
t
h
eir
r
o
le
a
s
u
s
er
s
o
f
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
s
y
s
te
m
s
.
T
h
er
e
ar
e
s
ev
er
al
i
m
p
o
r
tan
t
d
i
m
en
s
io
n
s
o
f
p
er
ce
iv
ed
o
r
g
an
izatio
n
a
l
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
in
cl
u
d
e
f
air
n
ess
o
f
tr
ea
t
m
e
n
t,
s
u
p
er
v
i
s
o
r
s
u
p
p
o
r
t,
r
ew
ar
d
s
,
an
d
w
o
r
k
co
n
d
itio
n
s
[
5
]
.
I
n
th
e
co
n
tex
t
o
f
in
f
o
r
m
at
io
n
s
y
s
te
m
i
m
p
le
m
e
n
tatio
n
,
th
e
m
an
if
e
s
tatio
n
o
f
f
air
n
e
s
s
o
f
tr
ea
t
m
e
n
t
is
f
air
tr
ea
t
m
e
n
t
t
o
em
p
lo
y
ee
s
i
n
th
e
i
m
p
le
m
en
ta
tio
n
o
f
i
n
f
o
r
m
atio
n
s
y
s
te
m
s
;
s
u
p
er
v
is
o
r
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
ca
n
b
e
r
ea
lized
in
th
e
f
o
r
m
o
f
en
co
u
r
ag
e
m
e
n
t
f
r
o
m
s
u
p
er
v
is
o
r
s
a
n
d
m
a
n
ag
e
r
s
o
f
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
s
y
s
te
m
s
to
e
m
p
lo
y
e
es.
R
e
w
ar
d
ca
n
b
e
g
iv
en
i
n
th
e
f
o
r
m
o
f
in
ce
n
tiv
e
s
,
w
h
ile
w
o
r
k
co
n
d
it
io
n
ca
n
b
e
ac
h
iev
ed
b
y
cr
ea
ti
n
g
a
co
n
d
u
ci
v
e
en
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
t
t
o
s
tu
d
y
t
h
e
s
y
s
te
m
,
a
m
o
n
g
o
t
h
er
t
h
in
g
s
:
i
n
f
o
r
m
at
io
n
al
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
(
o
p
er
atio
n
al
s
u
p
p
o
r
t)
,
in
s
tr
u
m
en
ta
l
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
(
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
in
p
r
o
b
lem
s
o
lv
i
n
g
)
,
a
n
d
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
[
4
]
.
T
h
is
r
esear
ch
h
a
s
an
a
l
y
ze
d
th
e
t
h
r
ee
in
d
icato
r
s
o
f
t
h
e
p
er
ce
iv
ed
o
r
g
an
izatio
n
al
s
u
p
p
o
r
t,
i.e
.
s
u
p
er
v
i
s
o
r
s
u
p
p
o
r
t,
w
o
r
k
co
n
d
itio
n
,
an
d
r
e
w
ar
d
.
R
esu
lt
o
f
an
al
y
s
is
s
u
g
g
ested
th
at
t
h
o
s
e
th
r
ee
in
d
icato
r
s
ar
e
v
alid
an
d
r
elia
b
le
as
th
e
p
ar
a
m
eter
s
o
f
p
er
ce
iv
ed
o
r
g
a
n
iz
atio
n
al
s
u
p
p
o
r
t.Sev
er
al
p
r
ev
io
u
s
r
esear
ch
e
s
also
r
ep
o
r
tes
th
at
p
er
ce
iv
ed
o
r
g
an
izatio
n
al
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
p
la
y
s
i
m
p
o
r
tan
t
r
o
le
as
a
d
eter
m
i
n
an
t
o
f
th
e
ac
ce
p
ta
n
ce
o
f
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
s
y
s
te
m
,
b
esid
es
o
th
er
d
eter
m
i
n
a
n
ts
,
a
m
o
n
g
o
th
er
s
ar
e:
ea
s
e
o
f
u
s
e,
u
s
e
f
u
ln
ess
,
attit
u
d
e
to
w
ar
d
u
s
e
d
an
b
eh
a
v
io
r
al
in
ten
t
io
n
t
o
u
s
e
[
4
]
,
[
6
]
-
[
1
3
]
.
First
i
n
d
icato
r
th
at
h
as
b
ee
n
p
r
o
v
en
as
v
alid
an
d
r
eliab
le,
s
u
p
er
v
i
s
o
r
s
u
p
p
o
r
t,
h
as
b
ee
n
s
tu
d
ied
b
y
p
r
ev
io
u
s
r
esear
ch
er
s
an
d
wer
e
ca
lled
w
ith
v
ar
io
u
s
ter
m
s
,
s
u
c
h
as:
to
p
m
a
n
ag
e
m
en
t
en
co
u
r
ag
e
m
en
t/
m
an
a
g
e
m
e
n
t
s
u
p
p
o
r
t/
p
ee
r
s
&
s
u
p
er
v
is
o
r
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
[
4
]
,
[
1
4
]
.
E
v
e
n
t
h
o
u
g
h
t
h
e
i
n
d
icato
r
i
s
ca
lled
i
n
d
if
f
er
en
t
ter
m
s
,
it
b
asicall
y
h
as
t
h
e
s
a
m
e
ess
e
n
ce
i.e
.
p
o
s
itiv
e
en
co
u
r
ag
e
m
e
n
t
f
r
o
m
s
u
p
er
v
i
s
o
r
s
to
th
e
u
s
er
s
in
t
h
e
f
r
a
m
e
w
o
r
k
o
f
o
p
er
atio
n
aliza
ti
o
n
o
f
in
f
o
r
m
at
io
n
s
y
s
te
m
.
Seco
n
d
in
d
icato
r
th
at
h
as b
ee
n
p
r
o
v
en
as v
al
id
an
d
r
eliab
le,
w
o
r
k
co
n
d
itio
n
,
h
a
s
also
b
ee
n
s
tu
d
ied
b
y
p
r
ev
io
u
s
r
esear
c
h
er
s
,
w
it
h
m
o
r
e
d
i
v
er
s
e
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
ts
,
i.e
.
:
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
w
i
th
c
o
-
w
o
r
k
er
,
a
g
o
o
d
co
m
m
u
n
icat
io
n
w
it
h
co
lleag
u
es
u
s
in
g
t
h
e
i
n
f
o
r
m
atio
n
s
y
s
te
m
[
4
]
,
h
elp
d
esk
,
h
elp
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
f
o
r
tr
o
u
b
les
h
o
o
tin
g
[
4
]
,
[
1
5
]
,
an
d
allo
ca
tio
n
o
f
r
es
o
u
r
ce
s
,
i.e
.
t
h
e
p
r
o
v
is
io
n
o
f
s
u
p
p
o
r
tin
g
r
e
s
o
u
r
ce
s
f
o
r
h
e
o
p
er
atio
n
aliza
tio
n
o
f
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
s
y
s
te
m
[
1
4
]
.
T
h
o
s
e
th
r
ee
in
d
icato
r
s
f
r
o
m
d
i
f
f
er
e
n
t
r
esear
ch
er
s
h
a
v
e
b
ee
n
ac
co
m
m
o
d
ated
i
n
to
o
n
e
in
d
icato
r
in
th
i
s
r
esear
c
h
,
w
o
r
k
co
n
d
itio
n
.
T
h
ir
d
in
d
icato
r
th
at
h
as
b
ee
n
p
r
o
v
e
n
as
v
alid
a
n
d
r
eliab
le
is
r
e
w
ar
d
,
w
h
ic
h
h
as
al
s
o
b
ee
n
s
t
u
d
ied
b
y
p
r
ev
io
u
s
r
esear
ch
er
s
,
th
e
y
ca
lled
it
as
r
e
w
ar
d
o
r
in
ce
n
t
iv
e
i.e
.
r
e
w
ar
d
an
d
in
ce
n
tiv
e
s
g
i
v
en
to
th
e
u
s
er
o
f
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
s
y
s
te
m
[
1
5
]
.
B
as
ed
o
n
th
e
co
m
p
ar
atio
m
w
i
th
p
r
ev
io
u
s
r
esear
ch
e
s
,
it
co
u
ld
b
e
s
aid
t
h
at
s
u
p
er
v
i
s
o
r
s
u
p
p
o
r
t,
w
o
r
k
co
n
d
itio
n
,
an
d
r
e
w
ar
d
w
er
e
tr
u
l
y
th
e
p
r
o
p
er
in
d
icato
r
s
to
m
ea
s
u
r
e
o
r
g
an
iza
tio
n
al
s
u
p
p
o
r
t to
th
e
u
s
er
s
in
t
h
e
f
r
a
m
e
w
o
r
k
o
f
i
m
p
le
m
en
tin
g
h
ea
lth
i
n
f
o
r
m
atio
n
s
y
s
te
m
.
P
er
ce
iv
ed
o
r
g
an
izatio
n
al
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
h
as
an
i
m
p
o
r
tan
t
p
o
s
it
io
n
in
th
e
i
m
p
le
m
e
n
tatio
n
o
f
h
ea
lt
h
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
s
y
s
te
m
s
,
a
s
t
h
ese
f
ac
to
r
s
ca
n
d
ir
ec
tl
y
a
f
f
ec
t
th
e
ac
tu
al
s
y
s
te
m
u
s
e
[
1
0
]
.
I
f
th
e
s
u
p
er
v
is
o
r
s
a
n
d
m
an
a
g
er
s
o
f
in
f
o
r
m
a
tio
n
s
y
s
t
e
m
s
ca
n
p
r
o
v
id
e
g
u
id
a
n
ce
i
s
ac
tiv
e
l
y
an
d
ca
n
co
n
d
u
ct
co
n
tr
o
l
is
ti
g
h
t,
t
h
en
au
to
m
at
icall
y
th
e
u
s
er
s
w
i
ll
b
e
co
n
d
itio
n
ed
to
al
w
a
y
s
ac
t
iv
el
y
i
m
p
le
m
e
n
ti
n
g
i
n
f
o
r
m
ati
o
n
s
y
s
te
m
s
,
i
n
th
e
s
en
s
e
co
n
d
itio
n
ed
t
o
i
m
m
ed
iat
el
y
o
r
n
o
t
d
ela
y
i
n
g
th
e
i
m
p
le
m
en
tatio
n
o
f
th
e
s
y
s
te
m
,
r
u
n
t
h
e
s
y
s
te
m
r
eg
u
lar
l
y
,
an
d
m
ai
n
tai
n
s
u
s
tai
n
ab
ilit
y
i
n
th
e
i
m
p
le
m
e
n
tatio
n
o
f
h
ea
lth
i
n
f
o
r
m
atio
n
s
y
s
te
m
s
.
5.
CO
NCLU
SI
O
N
B
ased
o
n
r
esu
lts
o
f
d
ata
a
n
al
y
s
is
it
ca
n
b
e
co
n
clu
d
ed
th
at
t
h
e
in
d
icato
r
s
o
f
o
r
g
an
iza
tio
n
al
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
in
i
m
p
le
m
en
t
in
g
Ma
ter
n
al
a
n
d
C
h
ild
Hea
lth
I
n
f
o
r
m
at
io
n
S
y
s
te
m
a
t
Ng
a
w
i
R
e
g
e
n
c
y
Hea
lt
h
Of
f
ice,
r
esp
ec
tiv
el
y
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
m
o
s
t i
m
p
o
r
tan
t a
r
e:
r
e
w
ar
d
,
s
u
p
er
v
is
o
r
s
u
p
p
o
r
t,
an
d
w
o
r
k
co
n
d
itio
n
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
J
P
HS
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8806
I
n
d
ica
to
r
s
o
f O
r
g
a
n
iz
a
tio
n
a
l S
u
p
p
o
r
t in
I
m
p
lem
en
tin
g
Ma
tern
a
l a
n
d
.
.
.
.
(
Heru
S
a
n
to
s
o
W
a
h
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N
u
g
r
o
h
o
)
283
RE
F
E
R
E
NC
E
S
[1
]
G
.
Y.
S
a
n
ja
y
a
,
“
N
a
ti
o
n
a
l
h
e
a
lt
h
in
f
o
rm
a
ti
o
n
s
y
ste
m
s:
stre
n
g
th
e
n
in
g
th
e
c
o
m
p
e
ten
c
e
o
f
h
e
a
lt
h
in
f
o
rm
a
ti
o
n
sy
st
e
m
e
m
p
lo
y
e
e
in
In
d
o
n
e
sia
,
th
ro
u
g
h
c
o
ll
a
b
o
ra
ti
o
n
w
it
h
u
n
iv
e
rsiti
e
s
,
”
W
in
d
o
w
o
f
Da
t
a
An
d
He
a
l
t
h
In
fo
rm
a
ti
o
n
,
Qu
a
rterly
III,
p
p
.
1
4
-
1
9
,
2
0
1
1
.
[2
]
He
a
lt
h
M
in
istry
o
f
Re
p
u
b
li
c
o
f
In
d
o
n
e
sia
,
“
De
c
isio
n
o
f
th
e
M
i
n
is
ter
o
f
He
a
lt
h
o
f
th
e
Re
p
u
b
li
c
o
f
In
d
o
n
e
sia
,
No
.
1
9
2
/M
ENKES
/
S
K/
V
I/2
0
1
2
,
A
b
o
u
t
Ro
a
d
m
a
p
o
f
Ac
ti
o
n
P
la
n
f
o
r
S
tren
g
th
e
n
i
n
g
o
f
He
a
lt
h
In
f
o
rm
a
ti
o
n
S
y
ste
m
s
o
f
In
d
o
n
e
sia
,
”
Ja
k
a
rta
,
h
e
a
lt
h
M
i
n
ist
ry
o
f
Re
p
u
b
li
c
o
f
In
d
o
n
e
sia
,
2
0
1
2
.
[3
]
F
.
D.
Da
v
is,
R.
P
.
Ba
g
o
z
z
i,
P
.
R.
W
a
rsh
a
w
,
“
Us
e
r
a
c
c
e
p
tan
c
e
o
f
c
o
m
p
u
ter
tec
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
:
a
c
o
m
p
a
riso
n
o
f
tw
o
th
e
o
re
ti
c
a
l
m
o
d
e
ls
,
”
M
a
n
a
g
e
me
n
t
S
c
ien
c
e
,
v
o
l.
3
6
,
p
p
.
9
8
2
–
1
0
0
3
,
1
9
8
9
.
[4
]
D.
H.
L
e
e
,
S
.
M
.
L
e
e
,
D.
L
.
Olso
n
,
“
T
h
e
e
ff
e
c
t
o
f
o
rg
a
n
iza
ti
o
n
a
l
s
u
p
p
o
rt
o
n
ER
P
i
m
p
le
m
e
n
tatio
n
,
”
In
d
u
stri
a
l
M
a
n
a
g
e
me
n
t
&
Da
ta
S
y
ste
ms
,
v
o
l
/i
ss
u
e
:
1
1
0
(
2
)
,
p
p
.
2
6
9
-
2
8
3
,
2
0
1
0
.
[5
]
L
.
Rh
o
a
d
e
s,
R.
Ei
se
n
b
e
rg
e
r,
“P
e
rc
e
iv
e
d
o
rg
a
n
iza
ti
o
n
a
l
s
u
p
p
o
r
t:
a
re
v
ie
w
o
f
li
ter
a
tu
re
,”
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
A
p
p
li
e
d
Psy
c
h
o
lo
g
y
,
v
o
l
/i
ss
u
e
:
87
(
4
)
,
p
p
.
698
–
7
1
4
,
2
0
0
2
.
[6
]
Y.
H.
Ch
u
o
,
C.
H.
T
sa
i
,
Y.
L
.
Lan
,
C.
S
.
T
sa
i,
“
T
h
e
e
ffe
c
t
o
f
o
r
g
a
n
iza
ti
o
n
a
l
su
p
p
o
rt
,
se
lf
e
ff
ic
a
c
y
,
a
n
d
c
o
m
p
u
ter
a
n
x
iet
y
o
n
th
e
u
sa
g
e
in
ten
ti
o
n
o
f
e
-
lea
rn
in
g
,”
Af
ric
a
n
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
B
u
sin
e
ss
M
a
n
a
g
e
me
n
t
,
v
o
l
/
issu
e
:
5
(
14
)
,
p
p
.
5
5
1
8
-
5
5
2
3
,
2
0
1
1
.
[7
]
C.
P
.
H.
Er
n
st,
J.
P
f
e
if
fe
r,
F.
Ro
th
la
u
f
,
“
T
h
e
in
f
lu
e
n
c
e
o
f
p
e
rc
e
iv
e
d
b
e
lo
n
g
in
g
o
n
s
o
c
ial
n
e
tw
o
rk
site
a
d
o
p
ti
o
n
,
”
Pro
c
e
e
d
in
g
s
o
f
t
h
e
Nin
e
tee
n
t
h
A
me
ric
a
s Co
n
fer
e
n
c
e
o
n
In
f
o
rm
a
ti
o
n
S
y
ste
ms
,
Ch
ica
g
o
Ill
i
n
o
is,
p
p
.
1
5
-
17
,
2
0
1
3
.
[8
]
E.
Ku
rk
in
e
n
,
“
Ef
f
e
c
t
o
f
e
n
jo
y
m
e
n
t
o
n
a
tt
it
u
d
e
a
n
d
o
n
b
e
h
a
v
io
ra
l
in
ten
t
i
o
n
t
o
u
se
m
o
b
il
e
a
p
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
s
w
h
e
n
tec
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
u
se
IS
m
a
n
d
a
to
ry
,”
J
y
v
ä
sk
y
lä
,
Un
iv
e
rsit
y
o
f
J
y
v
ä
sk
y
lä,
2
0
1
4
.
[9
]
J.
M
a
c
h
a
ria,
E.
Ny
a
k
w
e
n
d
e
,
“
V
i
c
e
-
c
h
a
n
c
e
ll
o
rs
in
f
lu
e
n
c
e
o
n
a
c
a
d
e
m
ic
sta
ff
in
ten
ti
o
n
s
t
o
u
se
lea
rn
in
g
m
a
n
a
g
e
m
e
n
t
s
y
ste
m
s
(
L
M
S
)
f
o
r
tea
c
h
in
g
a
n
d
lea
rn
in
g
,”
T
h
e
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
L
a
n
g
u
a
g
e
,
T
e
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
&
En
tre
p
re
n
e
u
rs
h
ip
in
Af
ric
a
,
v
o
l
/i
ss
u
e
:
2
(
1
)
,
p
p
.
2
2
0
-
2
3
0
,
2
0
1
0
.
[1
0
]
D.
J.
M
c
fa
rlan
d
,
D.
Ha
m
il
to
n
,
“
A
d
d
in
g
c
o
n
tex
tu
a
l
sp
e
c
ifi
c
it
y
to
t
h
e
tec
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
a
c
c
e
p
tan
c
e
m
o
d
e
l
,
”
Co
mp
u
ter
s
in
Hu
ma
n
Beh
a
v
i
o
r
,
v
o
l.
2
2
,
p
p
.
4
2
7
-
4
4
7
,
2
0
06
.
[1
1
]
M
it
c
h
e
l,
“
T
h
e
ro
le
o
f
p
e
rc
e
iv
e
d
o
rg
a
n
iza
ti
o
n
a
l
su
p
p
o
rt,
d
istri
b
u
ti
v
e
ju
stice
a
n
d
m
o
ti
v
a
ti
o
n
in
re
a
c
ti
o
n
s
to
n
e
w
in
f
o
rm
a
ti
o
n
tec
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
,”
Co
mp
u
t
e
r in
Hu
ma
n
Beh
a
v
io
r
,
v
o
l.
2
8
,
p
p
.
7
2
9
-
7
3
8
,
2
0
1
2
.
[1
2
]
Y.
Y.
S
h
ih
,
S
.
S
.
Hu
a
n
g
,
“T
h
e
a
c
tu
a
l
u
sa
g
e
o
f
e
rp
s
y
ste
m
s:
a
n
e
x
ten
d
e
d
tec
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
a
c
c
e
p
tan
c
e
p
e
rsp
e
c
ti
v
e
,”
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
Res
e
a
rc
h
a
n
d
Pra
c
ti
c
e
in
I
n
fo
rm
a
ti
o
n
T
e
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
,
v
o
l
/i
ss
u
e
:
41
(
3
)
,
p
p
.
2
6
3
-
2
7
6
,
2
0
0
9
.
[1
3
]
E.
S
n
ick
e
r,
“
E
m
p
lo
y
e
e
s
e
l
f
-
se
rv
i
c
e
tec
h
n
o
lo
g
y
a
c
c
e
p
tan
c
e
:
a
c
a
se
stu
d
y
a
t
tap
P
o
rtu
g
a
l
,
”
Diss
e
rta
ti
o
n
,
F
a
c
u
l
d
a
d
e
d
e
En
g
e
n
h
a
ria
d
a
Un
iv
e
rsid
a
d
e
d
o
P
o
rt
o
,
2
0
1
3
.
[1
4
]
M.
Ig
b
a
ria,
J.
Iiv
a
ri,
“T
h
e
e
ff
e
c
t
o
f
se
l
f
e
ff
ica
c
y
o
n
c
o
m
p
u
ter
u
sa
g
e
,”
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
M
a
n
a
g
e
me
n
t
S
c
i
e
n
c
e
,
v
o
l
/i
ss
u
e
:
23
(
66
)
,
p
p
.
5
8
7
-
6
0
5
,
1
9
9
5
.
[1
5
]
C.
Na
y
a
k
k
a
r
a
,
D.
W
h
id
d
e
tt
,
“
A
m
o
d
e
l
o
f
u
se
r
a
c
c
e
p
tan
c
e
o
f
e
-
le
a
rn
in
g
tec
h
n
o
lo
g
ies
:
a
c
a
se
stu
d
y
o
f
a
p
o
ly
tec
h
n
ic
in
Ne
w
Zea
lan
d
,”
4
t
h
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
Co
n
fer
e
n
c
e
o
f
In
f
o
rm
a
ti
o
n
S
y
st
e
ms
T
e
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
a
n
d
Its
A
p
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
,
P
a
lm
e
rsto
n
No
rth
,
IS
T
A
,
p
p
.
1
8
0
-
1
8
9
,
2
0
0
5
.
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