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Dig
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C
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[
1
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n
p
r
o
g
r
a
m
m
er
s
s
u
ch
a
s
“
Ne
u
r
o
f
o
r
m
a
”
[
5
]
an
d
“
T
ax
o
n
o
m
y
f
o
r
r
eh
ab
ilit
at
io
n
o
f
k
n
ee
co
n
d
itio
n
s
(
T
R
A
K
)
”
[
6
]
w
h
ich
as
s
is
t
t
h
e
r
eh
ab
ilit
atio
n
at
h
o
m
e.
T
h
ese
tech
n
o
lo
g
ie
s
ar
e
to
o
ls
t
h
at
c
an
h
elp
p
h
y
s
io
t
h
er
ap
is
ts
an
d
th
e
g
en
er
al
p
u
b
li
c
h
av
e
m
o
r
e
e
f
f
icien
t
w
o
r
k
f
lo
w
s
a
n
d
w
ill
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
r
e
h
ab
ilit
atio
n
f
r
o
m
an
ep
is
o
d
ic
to
a
co
n
tin
u
o
u
s
-
ca
r
e
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
,
en
ab
lin
g
p
atie
n
ts
to
g
et
in
teg
r
ated
t
h
er
ap
y
th
at
i
s
s
m
o
o
t
h
l
y
in
teg
r
ated
i
n
to
th
eir
d
ail
y
li
f
e
[
7
]
.
I
t
is
b
elie
v
ed
th
at
d
ig
ita
l
p
h
y
s
io
th
er
ap
y
i
n
ter
v
e
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tio
n
b
en
ef
its
th
e
p
atie
n
t
's
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
,
s
el
f
-
m
an
a
g
e
m
e
n
t,
an
d
ad
h
er
en
ce
t
o
th
e
ex
er
ci
s
e
p
r
o
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r
a
m
a
t
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o
m
e
a
n
d
in
i
m
p
r
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v
i
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g
t
h
e
p
ati
en
t
'
s
h
ea
lt
h
s
tat
u
s
a
s
s
tated
in
a
n
ar
r
ativ
e
r
ev
ie
w
[
8
]
.
P
atien
t
-
ce
n
tr
ed
d
ig
ital
ap
p
licatio
n
s
ca
n
p
r
o
v
id
e
r
ec
o
v
er
y
w
it
h
m
u
l
tifu
n
ctio
n
a
l
s
u
p
p
o
r
t,
in
cl
u
d
in
g
e
v
id
en
ce
-
b
ased
ed
u
ca
tio
n
,
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
f
o
r
s
p
ec
if
ic
s
elf
-
ca
r
e
ac
ti
v
i
tie
s
,
b
io
m
etr
ics
a
n
d
s
y
m
p
to
m
m
o
n
ito
r
in
g
,
e
n
co
u
r
a
g
e
co
n
tact
b
et
w
ee
n
m
ed
ical
p
r
o
f
ess
io
n
al
a
n
d
p
atie
n
t,
a
n
d
p
r
o
m
o
te
h
o
li
s
tic
s
el
f
-
m
an
a
g
e
m
e
n
t.
No
n
eth
e
less
,
t
h
er
e
ar
e
m
a
n
y
li
m
i
tatio
n
s
,
in
cl
u
d
in
g
li
m
ited
u
s
ab
ilit
y
,
a
w
ar
en
es
s
an
d
tr
ain
in
g
o
f
cu
r
r
en
t
an
d
t
h
e
e
m
er
g
in
g
d
ig
i
tal
ap
p
s
,
lim
ited
p
ar
ticip
atio
n
o
f
elig
ib
le
r
eh
ab
ilit
a
tio
n
h
ea
lt
h
ca
r
e
p
r
o
v
id
er
s
in
th
e
d
ev
elo
p
m
e
n
t a
n
d
test
i
n
g
o
f
th
e
s
e
to
o
ls
[
9
]
.
Dician
n
o
[
1
0
]
co
n
clu
d
ed
t
h
at
ad
v
an
ce
m
en
t
o
f
m
Hea
lt
h
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
h
ad
alter
ed
t
h
e
w
a
y
we
p
r
o
v
id
e
an
d
th
i
n
k
ab
o
u
t g
i
v
i
n
g
tr
ea
t
m
e
n
t to
p
atien
t
s
w
it
h
ch
r
o
n
ic
co
n
d
itio
n
s
an
d
h
o
w
p
eo
p
le
m
ai
n
ta
in
t
h
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h
ea
lt
h
an
d
w
ell
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b
ei
n
g
i
n
t
h
e
co
m
m
u
n
it
y
;
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o
w
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er
,
co
n
ce
r
n
i
n
g
t
h
e
lo
n
g
-
ter
m
co
n
s
eq
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e
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ce
s
,
ac
ce
p
tab
ilit
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s
ts
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n
d
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k
s
o
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ch
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ter
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tio
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s
t
h
at
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eq
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ir
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f
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r
t
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er
s
t
u
d
y
.
I
n
2
0
2
0
,
C
o
r
o
n
av
ir
u
s
d
is
ea
s
e
2
0
1
9
(
C
O
VI
D
-
1
9
)
an
o
u
tb
r
ea
k
h
ad
af
f
ec
ted
2
1
3
c
o
u
n
tr
ies
a
n
d
th
e
Go
v
er
n
m
e
n
t
o
f
Ma
la
y
s
ia
e
n
f
o
r
ce
d
Mo
v
e
m
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t
C
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n
tr
o
l
Or
d
er
,
w
h
ic
h
b
eg
in
s
o
n
Ma
r
ch
1
8
,
2
0
2
0
[
1
1
]
.
Ma
lay
s
ia
's
teleh
ea
lt
h
i
n
d
u
s
tr
y
g
r
o
w
t
h
d
u
r
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n
g
C
OVI
D
-
19
p
an
d
e
m
ic
an
d
telec
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s
u
ltat
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s
er
v
ices
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er
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estab
lis
h
ed
.
Ma
la
y
s
ia
asp
ir
es
to
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e
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n
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o
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h
ea
lt
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y
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d
iv
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al
s
,
f
a
m
ilies
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d
co
m
m
u
n
ities
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y
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m
p
le
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en
tin
g
a
h
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lt
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ca
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y
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th
at
is
“
eq
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i
tab
le,
af
f
o
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le,
ef
f
icie
n
t,
tech
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o
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g
icall
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ap
p
r
o
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r
iate,
en
v
ir
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n
m
e
n
tal
l
y
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ap
tab
le,
a
n
d
co
n
s
u
m
er
f
r
ien
d
l
y
,
w
it
h
a
f
o
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s
o
n
q
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alit
y
,
in
n
o
v
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n
,
h
ea
l
th
p
r
o
m
o
tio
n
,
r
esp
ec
t
f
o
r
h
u
m
a
n
d
ig
n
it
y
,
i
n
d
iv
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al
r
e
s
p
o
n
s
ib
ili
t
y
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an
d
co
m
m
u
n
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y
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ar
ticip
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o
n
f
o
r
i
m
p
r
o
v
ed
q
u
alit
y
o
f
li
f
e
[
1
2
]
.
W
e
m
u
s
t
g
u
ar
an
tee
th
at
w
e
lear
n
i
n
t
h
e
s
a
m
e
w
a
y
f
r
o
m
th
i
s
p
er
io
d
o
f
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tr
u
g
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le
(
C
OVI
D
-
1
9
)
,
an
d
th
at
w
e
s
u
s
ta
in
ab
l
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p
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h
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n
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w
d
a
w
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o
f
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ig
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h
ea
lth
p
r
ac
tices
in
f
u
t
u
r
e
ca
r
e
m
o
d
els [
1
3
]
.
T
h
e
p
an
d
em
ic
led
Ma
la
y
s
ia
n
p
h
y
s
io
t
h
er
ap
is
ts
to
ad
o
p
t
cu
ttin
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-
ed
g
e
r
e
m
o
te
m
eth
o
d
s
a
n
d
d
ig
ital
to
o
ls
to
i
m
p
r
o
v
e
a
n
d
ad
h
er
e
t
o
th
eir
c
lie
n
ts
'
tr
ea
t
m
en
t
p
r
o
ce
d
u
r
es.
B
ec
au
s
e
th
e
DP
I
is
a
n
o
v
el
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
o
f
tr
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o
r
co
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t
s
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m
p
o
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t
to
u
n
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t
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p
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is
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le
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w
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ce
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tan
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,
an
d
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s
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So
th
at
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n
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r
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o
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o
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s
tacle
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d
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a
w
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es
s
ab
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t
h
o
w
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s
e
d
ig
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n
ter
v
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s
.
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h
er
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e,
th
is
s
t
u
d
y
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m
ed
to
d
eter
m
in
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t
h
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le
v
el
o
f
A
w
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e
s
s
,
P
er
ce
p
tio
n
an
d
A
cc
ep
tab
ilit
y
o
f
Di
g
ital P
h
y
s
i
o
th
er
ap
y
I
n
ter
v
e
n
tio
n
s
a
m
o
n
g
Ma
la
y
s
ia
n
P
h
y
s
io
t
h
er
ap
is
t.
2.
RE
S
E
ARCH
M
E
T
H
O
D
2
.
1
.
Study
des
ig
n a
nd
pro
ce
du
re
A
cr
o
s
s
-
s
ec
tio
n
al
s
u
r
v
e
y
q
u
es
tio
n
n
air
e
w
as
d
ev
elo
p
ed
,
v
ali
d
ated
an
d
d
is
tr
ib
u
ted
th
r
o
u
g
h
an
o
n
lin
e
p
latf
o
r
m
b
et
w
ee
n
Feb
r
u
ar
y
2
0
2
0
an
d
A
p
r
il
2
0
2
0
.
T
o
tal
2
0
9
Ma
lay
s
ia
n
P
h
y
s
io
th
er
ap
is
t
r
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r
esen
tin
g
all
t
h
e
r
eg
io
n
s
co
n
s
e
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ted
to
an
d
r
e
s
p
o
n
d
ed
to
t
h
e
f
iv
e
-
s
ec
tio
n
q
u
esti
o
n
n
air
es.
T
h
e
q
u
e
s
tio
n
n
air
e
ad
d
r
ess
es
t
h
e
d
em
o
g
r
ap
h
ics
p
r
o
f
ile
,
w
h
ic
h
in
cl
u
d
es
g
e
n
d
er
,
ag
e,
a
n
d
l
ev
el
o
f
ed
u
ca
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,
w
o
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k
e
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ce
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d
s
ec
to
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s
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f
o
llo
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e
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co
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ti
n
u
o
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s
p
r
o
f
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io
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d
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elo
p
m
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n
t,
a
w
ar
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n
ess
o
f
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ig
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n
ter
v
e
n
t
io
n
s
,
b
en
e
f
it
s
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d
li
m
ita
tio
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o
f
d
i
g
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i
n
ter
v
eti
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an
d
ac
ce
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tab
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ter
m
s
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ec
o
m
m
e
n
d
in
g
a
n
d
d
is
ag
r
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in
g
o
f
DP
I
.
C
o
llected
d
ata
s
tatis
tica
ll
y
a
n
a
l
y
ze
d
an
d
d
is
cu
s
s
ed
as s
h
o
w
n
in
as s
h
o
w
n
in
F
ig
u
r
e
1
.
2
.
2
.
E
t
hica
l
Ob
tain
ed
E
th
ical
ap
p
r
o
v
al
b
ef
o
r
e
th
e
d
ata
co
llectio
n
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
Facu
l
t
y
o
f
Hea
lth
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d
L
i
f
e
Scien
ce
s
–
R
esear
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d
E
t
h
ical
C
o
m
m
it
tee,
I
NT
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I
n
ter
n
atio
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U
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it
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(
I
NT
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L
S
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R
C
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P
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/7
NY1
2
0
1
9
/
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)
.
An
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f
its
,
p
o
s
s
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r
is
k
s
,
o
r
in
co
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ce
s
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d
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t
s
to
w
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in
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s
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ar
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ex
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b
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co
n
s
e
n
t
o
b
tain
ed
f
r
o
m
t
h
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p
ar
ticip
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Ma
la
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s
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n
P
h
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io
t
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er
ap
is
t.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
2
5
2
-
8806
I
n
t.
J
.
P
u
b
lic
Hea
lth
Sci.,
Vo
l.
10
,
No
.
4
,
Dec
em
b
er
2021
:
778
–
7
8
4
780
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
Flo
w
c
h
ar
t o
f
t
h
e
r
es
ea
r
ch
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ce
s
s
2
.
3
.
Sta
t
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ia
l
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ly
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B
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s
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p
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th
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s
(
SP
SS
)
i
n
Ma
c
OS
Ver
s
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n
2
6
w
a
s
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s
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to
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al
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b
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c
lu
d
in
g
f
r
eq
u
e
n
c
y
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
,
p
er
ce
n
tag
e,
m
ea
n
an
d
s
ta
n
d
ar
d
d
ev
iatio
n
.
T
h
e
o
th
er
s
ec
tio
n
s
,
s
u
ch
a
s
co
n
ti
n
u
o
u
s
p
r
o
f
es
s
io
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al
d
e
v
elo
p
m
e
n
t,
a
w
ar
e
n
es
s
,
p
er
ce
p
tio
n
,
an
d
ac
ce
p
ta
b
ilit
y
o
f
DP
I
,
w
er
e
an
a
l
y
ze
d
u
s
i
n
g
d
escr
ip
ti
v
e
s
tatis
tics
co
n
s
is
ti
n
g
o
f
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
a
n
d
p
er
ce
n
tag
e
s
.
3.
RE
SU
L
T
S
A
ND
D
I
SCU
SS
I
O
N
Ov
er
all,
t
h
e
m
ea
n
a
g
e
is
2
9
.
9
3
±
4
.
6
9
.
Hig
h
est
ed
u
ca
tio
n
lev
el
a
n
s
w
er
ed
t
h
e
q
u
esti
o
n
n
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e
ar
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ip
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m
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ates
,
w
h
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is
4
4
.
5
%
cu
r
r
en
tl
y
t
h
e
d
ip
lo
m
a
g
r
ad
u
ate
s
r
ep
r
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m
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p
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n
tag
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w
h
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n
co
m
p
ar
e
to
o
th
er
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el.
Sin
ce
p
r
iv
ate
p
r
ac
tice
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b
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m
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g
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n
Ma
la
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s
ia
5
3
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14
%
r
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ar
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f
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p
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s
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t
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s
s
h
o
w
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in
T
ab
le
1
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T
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1
.
Dem
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h
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P
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Gend
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r
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M
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e
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g
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M
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a
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6
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L
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v
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D
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p
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5
W
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M
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9
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8
3
W
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r
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r
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v
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t
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C
o
mm
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t
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l
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c
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/c
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4
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%
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H
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du
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at
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13
6
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2
0
%
Ma
la
y
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ia
n
P
h
y
s
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t
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er
ap
is
t
u
p
d
ates
f
r
eq
u
e
n
t
ly
t
h
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k
n
o
w
le
d
g
e
78
%,
w
h
ic
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is
t
h
e
k
e
y
f
ac
to
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o
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ased
P
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ap
y
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ac
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6
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4
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as
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n
T
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2
.
Du
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7
5
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o
f
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ar
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a
w
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f
DP
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.
T
h
e
pa
th
w
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s
to
g
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a
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ess
,
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m
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f
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p
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ap
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in
g
DP
I
i
n
Ma
la
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s
h
o
w
n
i
n
T
ab
le
3
.
Ma
la
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s
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an
P
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ap
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t
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p
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it
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m
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s
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p
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v
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p
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a
k
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g
s
u
p
p
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r
t
as sh
o
w
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T
ab
le
4
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
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s
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No
64
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s
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4
5
6
9
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1
2
6
6
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d
20
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27
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s
21
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m
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9
4
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t
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c
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g
D
P
I
No
1
1
6
5
5
.
5
%
Y
e
s
93
4
4
.
5
%
T
ab
le
4
.
B
en
ef
it
s
o
f
d
ig
i
tal
p
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t
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y
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ter
v
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n
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n
n
P
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r
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e
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t
P
r
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v
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e
r
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P
r
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v
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d
e
r
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m
e
d
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e
84
4
0
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1
9
%
T
a
r
g
e
t
e
d
p
a
t
i
e
n
t
c
o
mm
u
n
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c
a
t
i
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n
1
0
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5
1
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2
0
%
H
e
a
l
t
h
w
o
r
k
e
r
d
e
c
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si
o
n
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
78
3
7
.
3
2
%
T
r
a
c
k
i
n
g
o
f
t
h
e
p
a
t
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e
n
t
's
h
e
a
l
t
h
st
a
t
u
s
a
n
d
se
r
v
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c
e
s
72
3
4
.
4
5
%
P
r
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v
i
si
o
n
o
f
e
d
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c
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t
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n
g
a
n
d
t
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n
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t
h
e
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e
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l
t
h
w
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r
44
2
1
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0
5
%
Hig
h
p
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ce
n
tag
e
o
f
Ma
la
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ia
n
P
h
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t
h
er
ap
is
t
as
s
u
m
es
t
h
a
t
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ill
co
s
tlier
an
d
it
is
n
o
t
ac
ce
s
s
ed
b
y
all
th
e
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n
ts
as
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
T
ab
le
5
.
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w
e
v
er
f
r
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th
e
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t
o
f
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ie
w
,
n
ea
r
l
y
5
0
%
o
f
t
h
er
ap
is
t
u
n
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er
s
to
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d
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ted
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d
s
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it
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ce
t
h
e
co
s
t
f
o
r
f
ac
e
to
f
ac
e,
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ed
u
ce
th
e
ti
m
e
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tr
a
v
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o
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y
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m
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e
s
ad
h
er
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ce
to
e
x
er
cises
as
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
T
ab
le
6
.
DP
I
w
a
s
m
o
s
tl
y
ac
ce
p
ted
b
y
Ma
la
y
s
ia
n
p
h
y
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t
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er
ap
is
t
s
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t
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e
w
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f
t
h
e
m
d
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n
o
t
r
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o
m
m
en
d
b
ec
au
s
e
it
ca
n
n
o
t
en
s
u
r
e
ex
er
cise
ad
h
er
en
ce
(
0
.
9
6
%)
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d
n
o
t
w
id
e
l
y
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s
ed
(
4
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7
8
%),
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d
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9
1
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er
ce
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t
b
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e
it
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ll
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t
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t
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e
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atie
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d
is
n
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h
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li
s
tic
ap
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r
o
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h
as sh
o
w
n
i
n
T
ab
le
7
.
T
ab
le
5
.
L
i
m
itatio
n
o
f
d
ig
i
tal
p
h
y
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io
th
er
ap
y
i
n
ter
v
e
n
tio
n
n
P
e
r
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e
n
t
C
o
st
1
2
3
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8
.
8
5
%
I
n
a
c
c
e
ssi
b
i
l
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t
y
t
o
p
a
t
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e
n
t
1
3
4
6
4
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1
1
%
T
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me
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o
n
su
m
i
n
g
26
1
2
.
4
4
%
N
o
t
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i
t
a
b
l
e
f
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r
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l
l
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g
e
s
22
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.
5
3
%
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o
w
p
u
b
l
i
c
a
c
c
e
p
t
a
b
i
l
i
t
y
7
3
.
3
5
%
U
n
st
a
b
l
e
c
o
n
n
e
c
t
i
v
i
t
y
5
2
.
3
9
%
N
o
t
f
o
r
a
l
l
p
a
t
i
e
n
t
s
51
2
4
.
4
0
%
T
ab
le
6
.
B
en
ef
it
s
o
f
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ig
i
tal
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t
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er
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ter
v
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n
f
o
r
p
atien
t
s
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RE
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[1
]
A
.
Watso
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,
“
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p
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e
Dig
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Org
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lo
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if
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sio
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k
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rsa
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h
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lt
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o
v
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ra
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b
le:
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lo
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su
rv
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p
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[4
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W
HO
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On
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.
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tt
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s://
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/en
/.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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N
:
2
2
5
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-
8806
I
n
t.
J
.
P
u
b
lic
Hea
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Sci.,
Vo
l.
10
,
No
.
4
,
Dec
em
b
er
2021
:
778
–
7
8
4
784
[5
]
W
.
S
tr
y
la
a
n
d
A
.
B
a
n
a
s
,
“
T
h
e
Us
e
o
f
V
irt
u
a
l
Re
a
li
ty
T
e
c
h
n
o
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o
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d
u
rin
g
P
h
y
sio
th
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ra
p
y
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f
th
e
P
a
re
ti
c
Up
p
e
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m
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in
P
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ti
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n
ts
a
f
ter Isc
h
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m
ic S
t
ro
k
e
,
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ro
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3
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[6
]
E.
Du
n
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y
,
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.
Ha
m
il
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,
I
.
S
p
a
sić
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n
d
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Bu
tt
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n
,
“
A
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p
tab
il
it
y
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f
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d
ig
it
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l
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e
a
lt
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in
terv
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ti
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lo
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e
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th
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ra
p
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p
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rt
p
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ti
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t
s
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o
ll
o
w
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g
a
n
terio
r
c
r
u
c
iate
li
g
a
m
e
n
t
re
c
o
n
stru
c
ti
o
n
,
”
BM
C
M
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sc
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lo
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leta
l
Diso
rd
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rs
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l.
1
8
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o
.
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p
p
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1
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0
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o
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2
8
9
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-
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[7
]
G
.
P
o
sto
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,
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.
S
.
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irão
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n
d
O.
P
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sto
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,
“
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p
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ly
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p
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s
to
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ter
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z
e
d
p
h
y
sio
th
e
ra
p
y
,
”
2
0
1
4
IEE
E
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
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l
S
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mp
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siu
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M
e
d
ica
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M
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ts
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(
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[8
]
R
.
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V
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sa
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th
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,
Y
.
M
u
n
ian
d
y
a
n
d
K
.
A
so
g
h
a
n
,
“
Dig
it
a
l
P
h
y
sio
th
e
ra
p
y
In
terv
e
n
ti
o
n
in
He
a
lt
h
Ca
r
e
De
li
v
e
r
y
–
A
Na
rra
ti
v
e
Re
v
ie
w
,
”
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
Co
n
fer
e
n
c
e
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n
In
n
o
v
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ti
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n
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n
d
T
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p
,
v
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l
.
2
0
1
9
,
n
o
.
2
6
,
2
0
1
9
.
[9
]
L
.
Ra
m
e
y
,
C.
Os
b
o
rn
e
,
D
.
Ka
siti
n
o
n
a
n
d
S
.
J
u
e
n
g
st,
“
A
p
p
s
a
n
d
M
o
b
i
le
He
a
lt
h
T
e
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
in
Re
h
a
b
il
it
a
ti
o
n
,
”
P
h
y
sic
a
l
M
e
d
ici
n
e
a
n
d
Reh
a
b
il
it
a
t
io
n
Cli
n
ics
o
f
No
rth
Ame
ric
a
,
v
o
l.
3
0
,
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o
.
2
,
p
p
.
4
8
5
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7
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0
1
9
,
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o
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0
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0
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6
/
j.
p
m
r.
2
0
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8
.
1
2
.
0
0
1
.
[1
0
]
B.
Dic
ian
n
o
e
t
a
l.
,
“
P
e
rsp
e
c
ti
v
e
s
o
n
th
e
Ev
o
l
u
ti
o
n
o
f
M
o
b
il
e
(m
He
a
lt
h
)
T
e
c
h
n
o
lo
g
ies
a
n
d
A
p
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ti
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t
o
Re
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b
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ti
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n
,
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P
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a
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T
h
e
ra
p
y
,
v
o
l.
9
5
,
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o
.
3
,
p
p
.
3
9
7
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4
0
5
,
2
0
1
5
,
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o
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1
0
.
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5
2
2
/
p
tj
.
2
0
1
3
0
5
3
4
.
[1
1
]
A
.
S
h
a
h
e
t
a
l.
,
“
COV
ID
-
1
9
o
u
tb
re
a
k
in
M
a
la
y
sia
:
Ac
ti
o
n
s
tak
e
n
b
y
th
e
M
a
la
y
sia
n
g
o
v
e
rn
m
e
n
t
,
”
In
ter
n
a
t
io
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
In
fec
ti
o
u
s Dise
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se
s
,
v
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l.
9
7
,
p
p
.
1
0
8
-
1
1
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,
2
0
2
0
,
d
o
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1
0
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1
0
1
6
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.
ij
i
d
.
2
0
2
0
.
0
5
.
0
9
3
.
[1
2
]
A
.
S
u
leim
a
n
,
“
T
h
e
u
n
ta
p
p
e
d
p
o
t
e
n
ti
a
l
o
f
T
e
leh
e
a
lt
h
,
”
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
r
n
a
l
o
f
M
e
d
ica
l
I
n
fo
rm
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ti
c
s
,
v
o
l.
6
1
,
n
o
.
2
-
3
,
p
p
.
1
0
3
-
1
1
2
,
2
0
0
1
,
d
o
i:
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0
.
1
0
1
6
/s1
3
8
6
-
5
0
5
6
(
0
1
)0
0
1
3
2
-
0.
[1
3
]
S
.
Ka
p
o
o
r,
M
.
G
u
h
a
,
K.
Da
s,
K.
G
o
sw
a
m
i
a
n
d
R.
Ya
d
a
v
,
“
D
ig
it
a
l
h
e
a
lt
h
c
a
re
:
T
h
e
o
n
ly
so
lu
ti
o
n
f
o
r
b
e
tt
e
r
h
e
a
lt
h
c
a
re
d
u
ri
n
g
COV
ID
-
1
9
p
a
n
d
e
m
ic
?
,
”
In
d
ia
n
He
a
rt J
o
u
rn
a
l
, v
o
l.
7
2
,
n
o
.
2
,
p
p
.
6
1
-
6
4
,
2
0
2
0
.
[1
4
]
P
.
M
a
ll
iara
s,
M
.
M
e
ro
ll
i,
C.
W
il
li
a
m
s,
J.
Ca
n
e
iro
,
T
.
Ha
in
e
s an
d
C.
Ba
rto
n
,
“
‘It'
s n
o
t
h
a
n
d
s
-
o
n
th
e
ra
p
y
,
so
it
'
s
v
e
r
y
li
m
it
e
d
’:
T
e
leh
e
a
lt
h
u
se
a
n
d
v
iew
s
a
m
o
n
g
a
ll
ied
h
e
a
lt
h
c
li
n
icia
n
s
d
u
ri
n
g
th
e
c
o
ro
n
a
v
iru
s
p
a
n
d
e
m
ic
”
,
M
u
sc
u
lo
sk
e
leta
l
S
c
ie
n
c
e
a
n
d
Pra
c
ti
c
e
,
v
o
l
.
5
2
,
p
.
1
0
2
3
4
0
,
2
0
2
,
d
o
i:
1
0
.
1
0
1
6
/
j.
m
sk
sp
.
2
0
2
1
.
1
0
2
3
4
0
.
[1
5
]
R.
W
id
m
e
r,
T
.
A
ll
iso
n
,
L
.
Ler
m
a
n
a
n
d
A
.
L
e
r
m
a
n
,
“
Di
g
it
a
l
He
a
lt
h
In
terv
e
n
ti
o
n
a
s
a
n
A
d
ju
n
c
t
to
Ca
rd
iac
Re
h
a
b
il
it
a
ti
o
n
Re
d
u
c
e
s
Ca
rd
io
v
a
sc
u
lar
Ris
k
F
a
c
to
rs
a
n
d
Re
h
o
sp
it
a
li
z
a
ti
o
n
s,
”
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
Ca
rd
io
v
a
sc
u
la
r
T
ra
n
sl
a
ti
o
n
a
l
Res
e
a
rc
h
,
v
o
l
.
8
,
n
o
.
5
,
p
p
.
2
8
3
-
2
9
2
,
2
0
1
5
,
d
o
i:
1
0
.
1
0
0
7
/s1
2
2
6
5
-
0
1
5
-
9
6
2
9
-
1.
[1
6
]
M
.
Co
t
trell,
O.
G
a
lea
,
S
.
O’L
e
a
ry
,
A
.
Hill
a
n
d
T
.
Ru
ss
e
ll
,
“
Re
a
l
-
ti
m
e
tele
r
e
h
a
b
il
it
a
ti
o
n
f
o
r
th
e
trea
tme
n
t
o
f
m
u
sc
u
lo
sk
e
leta
l
c
o
n
d
it
io
n
s
is
e
ff
e
c
ti
v
e
a
n
d
c
o
m
p
a
ra
b
le
to
s
tan
d
a
rd
p
ra
c
ti
c
e
:
a
s
y
ste
m
a
ti
c
re
v
ie
w
a
n
d
m
e
ta
-
a
n
a
ly
sis,
”
Cli
n
ica
l
Re
h
a
b
il
it
a
ti
o
n
,
v
o
l.
3
1
,
n
o
.
5
,
p
p
.
6
2
5
-
6
3
8
,
2
0
1
6
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
1
7
7
/
0
2
6
9
2
1
5
5
1
6
6
4
5
1
4
8
.
[1
7
]
T
.
Ro
b
b
i
n
s
e
t
a
l.
,
“
CO
V
ID
-
1
9
:
A
n
e
w
d
ig
it
a
l
d
a
w
n
?
,
”
Dig
it
a
l
He
a
lt
h
,
v
o
l.
6
,
p
p
.
1
-
3
,
2
0
2
0
.
[1
8
]
T
.
T
o
e
ll
e
,
D.
Ut
p
a
d
e
l
-
F
isc
h
ler,
K.
Ha
a
s
a
n
d
J.
P
rie
b
e
,
“
A
p
p
-
b
a
se
d
m
u
lt
id
isc
ip
li
n
a
ry
b
a
c
k
p
a
in
trea
t
m
e
n
t
v
e
rsu
s
c
o
m
b
in
e
d
p
h
y
sio
th
e
ra
p
y
p
lu
s
o
n
l
in
e
e
d
u
c
a
ti
o
n
:
a
ra
n
d
o
m
ize
d
c
o
n
tro
ll
e
d
tr
ial,
”
n
p
j
Dig
it
a
l
M
e
d
ici
n
e
,
v
o
l.
2
,
n
o
.
3
4
,
p
p
.
1
-
9
,
2
0
1
9
,
d
o
i:
1
0
.
1
0
3
8
/s4
1
7
4
6
-
0
1
9
-
0
1
0
9
-
x
.
[1
9
]
J.
A
n
d
re
ws
,
L
.
Bro
w
n
,
M
.
Ha
w
l
e
y
a
n
d
A
.
A
ste
ll
,
“
Old
e
r
A
d
u
lt
s’
P
e
rsp
e
c
ti
v
e
s
o
n
Us
i
n
g
Dig
it
a
l
Tec
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
to
M
a
in
tain
G
o
o
d
M
e
n
tal
He
a
lt
h
:
In
tera
c
ti
v
e
G
ro
u
p
S
tu
d
y
,
”
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
M
e
d
ica
l
In
ter
n
e
t
Res
e
a
rc
h
,
v
o
l.
2
1
,
n
o
.
2
,
p
p
.
1
-
11
,
2
0
1
9
,
d
o
i:
1
0
.
2
1
9
6
/
1
1
6
9
4
.
[2
0
]
L
.
Be
a
rn
e
,
W
.
G
r
e
g
o
r
y
a
n
d
M
.
Hu
rley
,
“
Re
m
o
tel
y
d
e
li
v
e
r
e
d
p
h
y
sio
th
e
ra
p
y
:
c
a
n
w
e
c
a
p
tu
re
th
e
b
e
n
e
f
it
s
b
e
y
o
n
d
COV
ID
-
1
9
?
,
”
Rh
e
u
m
a
to
l
o
g
y
,
v
o
l
.
6
0
,
n
o
.
4
,
p
p
.
1
5
8
2
-
1
5
8
4
,
2
0
2
1
,
d
o
i:
1
0
.
1
0
9
3
/rh
e
u
m
a
to
lo
g
y
/k
e
a
b
1
0
4
.
[2
1
]
P
.
Ra
m
k
u
m
a
r
e
t
a
l.
,
“
Re
m
o
te
P
a
t
ien
t
M
o
n
it
o
rin
g
Us
in
g
M
o
b
il
e
He
a
lt
h
f
o
r
T
o
tal
Kn
e
e
A
rth
ro
p
las
ty
:
V
a
li
d
a
ti
o
n
o
f
a
W
e
a
r
a
b
le
a
n
d
M
a
c
h
i
n
e
L
e
a
rn
i
ng
–
Ba
se
d
S
u
rv
e
il
lan
c
e
P
latf
o
rm
,
”
T
h
e
J
o
u
r
n
a
l
o
f
Arth
ro
p
l
a
sty
,
v
o
l.
3
4
,
n
o
.
1
0
,
p
p
.
2
2
5
3
-
2
2
5
9
,
2
0
1
9
,
d
o
i:
1
0
.
1
0
1
6
/j
.
a
rth
.
2
0
1
9
.
0
5
.
0
2
1
.
[2
2
]
S
.
M
ich
ie,
L
.
Ya
rd
ley
,
R.
Wes
t,
K.
P
a
t
rick
a
n
d
F
.
G
re
a
v
e
s,
“
De
v
e
lo
p
i
n
g
a
n
d
Ev
a
lu
a
ti
n
g
Dig
it
a
l
In
terv
e
n
ti
o
n
s
to
P
r
o
m
o
te
Be
h
a
v
io
r
Ch
a
n
g
e
i
n
He
a
lt
h
a
n
d
He
a
lt
h
Ca
re
:
Re
c
o
m
m
e
n
d
a
ti
o
n
s
Re
su
l
ti
n
g
F
r
o
m
a
n
I
n
tern
a
ti
o
n
a
l
W
o
rk
sh
o
p
,
”
J
o
u
r
n
a
l
o
f
M
e
d
ica
l
I
n
ter
n
e
t
Res
e
a
rc
h
,
v
o
l
.
1
9
,
n
o
.
6
,
p
p
.
1
-
1
3
,
2
0
1
7
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
2
1
9
6
/
jm
ir.
7
1
2
6
.
[2
3
]
M
.
Co
tt
re
ll
,
A
.
Hill
,
S
.
O'
L
e
a
r
y
,
M
.
Ra
y
m
e
r
a
n
d
T
.
Ru
ss
e
ll
,
“
Cl
in
icia
n
s'
P
e
rsp
e
c
ti
v
e
s
o
f
a
No
v
e
l
Ho
m
e
-
b
a
se
d
M
u
lt
i
d
isc
ip
li
n
a
ry
T
e
leh
e
a
lt
h
S
e
rv
ice
f
o
r
P
a
ti
e
n
ts
w
it
h
Ch
ro
n
ic
S
p
in
a
l
P
a
in
,
”
I
n
ter
n
a
t
io
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
T
e
ler
e
h
a
b
il
i
ta
ti
o
n
,
v
o
l.
1
0
,
n
o
.
2
,
p
p
.
8
1
-
8
8
,
2
0
1
8
,
d
o
i:
1
0
.
5
1
9
5
/
ij
t.
2
0
1
8
.
6
2
4
9
.
[2
4
]
S
.
He
w
it
t,
R.
S
e
p
h
t
o
n
a
n
d
G
.
Ye
o
w
e
ll
,
“
T
h
e
Eff
e
c
ti
v
e
n
e
ss
o
f
Dig
it
a
l
He
a
lt
h
I
n
terv
e
n
ti
o
n
s
i
n
t
h
e
M
a
n
a
g
e
m
e
n
t
o
f
M
u
sc
u
lo
sk
e
leta
l
Co
n
d
it
i
o
n
s: S
y
st
e
m
a
ti
c
L
it
e
ra
t
u
re
Re
v
ie
w
,
”
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
M
e
d
ica
l
In
ter
n
e
t
Res
e
a
rc
h
,
v
o
l.
2
2
,
n
o
.
6
,
p
p
.
1
-
13
,
2
0
2
0
,
d
o
i:
1
0
.
2
1
9
6
/1
5
6
1
7
.
[2
5
]
J.
Ro
ss
e
t
a
l.
,
“
De
v
e
lo
p
in
g
a
n
i
m
p
le
m
e
n
tatio
n
stra
teg
y
f
o
r
a
d
ig
it
a
l
h
e
a
lt
h
i
n
terv
e
n
ti
o
n
:
a
n
e
x
a
m
p
le
i
n
r
o
u
ti
n
e
h
e
a
lt
h
c
a
re
,
”
BM
C
He
a
lt
h
S
e
rv
ice
s R
e
se
a
rc
h
,
v
o
l.
1
8
,
n
o
.
1
,
p
p
.
1
-
1
3
,
2
0
1
8
,
d
o
i:
1
0
.
1
1
8
6
/s
1
2
9
1
3
-
0
1
8
-
3
6
1
5
-
7.
[2
6
]
M
.
Co
tt
re
ll
a
n
d
T
.
Ru
ss
e
ll
,
“
T
e
leh
e
a
lt
h
f
o
r
m
u
sc
u
lo
sk
e
leta
l
p
h
y
sio
th
e
ra
p
y
,
”
M
u
sc
u
lo
sk
e
leta
l
S
c
ien
c
e
a
n
d
Pra
c
ti
c
e
,
v
o
l.
4
8
,
2
0
2
0
,
d
o
i:
1
0
.
1
0
1
6
/j
.
m
sk
sp
.
2
0
2
0
.
1
0
2
1
9
3
.
[2
7
]
B.
L
a
wf
o
rd
,
C.
De
la
n
y
,
K.
Be
n
n
e
ll
a
n
d
R
.
Hin
m
a
n
,
“
I
W
a
s
Re
a
ll
y
P
lea
sa
n
t
ly
S
u
rp
rise
d
”
:
F
irsth
a
n
d
Ex
p
e
rien
c
e
a
n
d
S
h
if
ts
in
P
h
y
sic
a
l
T
h
e
ra
p
ist
P
e
rc
e
p
ti
o
n
s
o
f
T
e
lep
h
o
n
e
‐De
li
v
e
re
d
Ex
e
rc
ise
T
h
e
ra
p
y
f
o
r
Kn
e
e
Os
te
o
a
rth
rit
is
–
A
Qu
a
li
tativ
e
S
tu
d
y
,
”
Arth
riti
s C
a
re
a
n
d
Res
e
a
rc
h
,
v
o
l.
7
1
,
n
o
.
4
,
p
p
.
5
4
5
-
5
5
7
,
2
0
1
9
,
d
o
i:
1
0
.
1
0
0
2
/ac
r.
2
3
6
1
8
.
[2
8
]
L
.
T
a
n
a
n
d
A
.
Bu
tt
e
r
y
,
“
Ex
p
lo
rin
g
th
e
im
p
a
c
t
o
f
d
ig
it
a
l
t
e
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
ies
o
n
p
h
y
sio
th
e
ra
p
y
p
ra
c
ti
c
e
:
A
q
u
a
li
tativ
e
stu
d
y
,
”
P
h
y
si
o
th
e
ra
p
y
,
v
o
l.
1
0
5
,
n
o
.
su
p
p
l
1
,
p
.
e
1
4
7
,
2
0
1
9
,
d
o
i:
1
0
.
1
0
1
6
/j
.
p
h
y
sio
.
2
0
1
8
.
1
1
.
1
4
2
.
[2
9
]
A
.
Ra
u
sc
h
e
t
a
l.
,
“
P
h
y
sio
th
e
ra
p
ists’
u
se
a
n
d
p
e
rc
e
p
ti
o
n
s
o
f
d
ig
i
tal
re
m
o
te
p
h
y
sio
th
e
ra
p
y
d
u
rin
g
COV
ID
-
1
9
lo
c
k
d
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