Intern
ati
o
n
a
l
Jo
urn
a
l
o
f
P
u
b
lic Hea
l
th Science (IJ
P
HS)
V
o
l.3
,
No
.2
,
Jun
e
2
014
, pp
. 95
~100
I
S
SN
: 225
2-8
8
0
6
95
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urn
a
l
h
o
me
pa
ge
: h
ttp
://iaesjo
u
r
na
l.com/
o
n
lin
e/ind
e
x.ph
p
/
IJPHS
Fish Marketing Status with Formalin Treatment
i
n
Bangl
a
desh
Shatabdi G
oon
1
, Munm
un Shabn
am
Bip
a
sh
a
2
, Md
.S
aiful
Islam
3
1
Nutrition
and F
ood Engin
eering
Departm
e
nt
, D
a
ffodil In
tern
atio
nal Univ
ersit
y
,
Bnaglad
e
sh
2
Daffodil
Int
e
rn
ation
a
l Univ
ers
i
t
y
,
Dhak
a,
Bangl
ades
h
3
Bangl
ades
h Un
ivers
i
t
y
of He
alt
h
S
c
ien
ces
,
Ban
g
lades
h
Article Info
A
B
STRAC
T
Article histo
r
y:
Received
Mar 17, 2014
Rev
i
sed
Ap
r
24
, 20
14
Accepted
May 24, 2014
Fish possess
an extrem
ely
strong
c
u
ltural
attach
m
e
nt c
onsi
d
eri
ng
irreplacea
ble
anim
a
l
food s
o
urce in Banglades
h
i diet
beset wit
h
nut
ri
t
i
onal
im
port
a
nce. It
has
been
get
t
i
ng e
nda
n
g
ere
d
by
abom
i
n
abl
e
practice of formalin
in
m
a
rketing
leade
d
by som
e
deceitful tra
d
e
r
s
cou
n
t
i
n
g p
r
o
f
i
t
bey
o
n
d
et
hi
cal
at
t
a
i
n
m
e
nt and en
da
nge
r
i
ng p
u
b
l
i
c
h
ealth
.
Th
is pap
e
r ou
tlin
es
th
e fo
rm
alin
ex
trem
it
y with
a sev
e
ral
years practice in fis
h
m
a
rketing i
n
vo
lv
i
n
g
al
m
o
st 5
%
city
m
a
rk
ets
wi
t
h
a
pet
t
y
het
e
r
oge
nei
t
y
com
p
ri
si
ng
cont
rast
i
v
e a
n
d
pot
e
n
t
i
a
l
strategy with
form
alin acces
s. Rega
rdless
, this form
alin corruption
affiliated
with d
e
leteriou
s
health
agg
r
av
atio
n
s
bo
th
fo
r t
r
ad
ers and
con
s
um
ers, c
o
m
e
s out
wi
t
h
im
pot
ency
i
n
w
o
r
k
f
o
r
ce c
o
nt
ra
veni
ng
econ
o
m
i
cal
i
n
fl
uence o
n
ove
r
a
l
l
nat
i
onal
pr
o
s
peri
t
y
.
Keyword:
Fo
rm
alin
Fish
m
a
rk
etin
g
Food safety
Pub
lic h
ealth
Econom
ical impact
Copyright ©
201
4 Institut
e
o
f
Ad
vanced
Engin
eer
ing and S
c
i
e
nce.
All rights re
se
rve
d
.
Co
rresp
ond
i
ng
Autho
r
:
Sh
atabd
i
G
oon,
Nut
r
i
t
i
on a
n
d
Fo
od
E
ngi
neer
i
ng
De
part
m
e
nt
,
Daffod
il In
ternatio
n
a
l Un
i
v
ersity, Dh
ak
a, Ban
g
l
ad
esh
,
Shu
k
r
a
b
a
d,
D
h
ak
a-12
07
, Bang
lad
e
sh
, Tel No
: +880
171
1185
574
.
Em
a
il: sh
atab
dig
o
o
n
@yahoo
.co
m
1.
INTRODUCTION
Fi
sh co
ns
um
pti
on has
been a com
m
on pract
i
ce by
hum
an since t
h
e pre
hi
st
ori
c
era. It
i
s
i
m
port
a
nt
t
o
h
i
gh
lig
h
t
a key con
t
ribu
tion
t
h
at fish
p
r
ov
ides to
hu
m
a
n
nu
tritio
n as
well as th
e po
sitiv
e i
m
p
act o
n
h
e
alth
. It
i
s
an arrant
fac
t
t
h
at
t
h
ey
recei
v
ed di
ffe
rent
em
phasi
s b
o
t
h
i
n
devel
ope
d c
o
u
n
t
r
i
e
s an
d d
e
vel
o
pi
n
g
. F
o
r
m
a
ny
d
e
v
e
l
o
p
i
n
g
cou
n
t
ry co
mm
u
n
ities, esp
eciall
y
th
o
s
e liv
ing clo
s
e to
co
astal an
d
in
land waters,
fish
are th
e
d
o
m
in
an
t f
ood o
f
an
im
al so
u
r
ce. I
n
Ban
g
lad
e
sh, 75
% o
f
daily p
r
o
t
ein
co
nsu
m
p
tio
n
co
m
e
s f
r
o
m f
i
sh.
U
n
f
o
r
t
un
ately,
f
i
sh
is
no
long
er
a
f
a
vo
rite
o
p
t
io
n
for m
a
n
y
city d
w
ellers
on
th
eir ev
eryd
ay
men
u
,
and
also th
is
as the sale of
form
alin-laced
fish is
c
o
nside
r
ing the
ultim
a
te substa
nce
w
ith a great pres
ervative e
ffe
ct being
able to kill m
i
crobes
or
germ
s without m
i
nim
a
l cost,
ha
s bec
o
m
e
a ra
m
p
ant practice
in t
h
e city’s
kitche
n
mark
ets [1
].
On
ce fish
consu
m
p
tio
n
h
a
s
i
m
p
o
r
tan
t
im
p
licatio
n
s
in n
a
tio
n
a
l foo
d
and
n
u
t
ritio
n secu
rity,
p
r
ov
id
ing
m
o
re th
an 60
%
of an
im
al p
r
o
t
ein
[2
],
fish
es d
i
p
p
e
d
i
n
form
al
in
are h
a
rm
fu
l to
h
ealth
, lead
ing
to
several
health com
p
lications. The
r
efore,
form
alin
laced fish c
o
nsum
ption
ene
r
vate
s disease
pre
v
ention
cap
acity in
human
pro
m
o
tin
g
less
p
r
od
u
c
ti
v
ity in
workfo
rce and thus
ca
n create the
vi
ci
ous
cy
cl
e of
po
ve
rt
y
carrying
im
p
o
t
en
cy to
con
t
ribu
te in
n
a
tion
a
l
eco
no
m
y
.
The wi
des
p
rea
d
use
of f
o
rm
al
i
n
, o
n
fi
sh
p
r
eser
vat
i
o
n an
d ot
he
r n
u
t
r
i
m
ent
s
i
s
posi
n
g
a t
h
reat
t
o
p
u
b
lic h
ealth. Fo
rm
alin
is o
n
e
of th
e mo
st effectiv
e
an
d
wid
e
ly used
co
m
p
ou
nd
s in
fish
cu
lture fo
r
t
h
era
p
eut
i
c
a
n
d
pr
op
hy
l
act
i
c
t
r
eatm
e
nt
of
fu
ngal
i
n
fect
i
o
n
and external
pa
rasites of fis
h
a
n
d fis
h
eggs
, but us
e
of
form
alin in prese
r
vation of
fish ca
n
cause se
ve
re
health
hazards
. To m
eet up e
m
erging de
mand,
i
m
p
o
r
tatio
n
from n
e
ig
hb
oring co
un
tries significan
tly g
r
ab
t
h
e fish
trad
i
n
g
en
coun
tered
by fo
rm
alin
treat
m
e
n
t
p
r
i
o
r to
im
p
o
r
t con
t
em
p
l
at
in
g
ex
tend
ed
shelf life.
In
g
e
st
ed
Form
al
in
ev
en in sm
all q
u
a
n
tities is
h
a
rm
fu
l,
because
once
i
t
contacts the
body cells, it kills the cells
.
Undoubtedly, form
alin i
ngesti
o
n paves the
way for
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
S
SN
:
2
252
-88
06
I
J
PH
S
Vo
l.
3
,
N
o
.
2
,
Jun
e
201
4 :
9
5
– 100
96
d
e
leter
i
ou
s ef
fects on
alm
o
st all syste
m
s of
th
e
b
o
d
y
lead
ing
less pro
d
u
c
tiv
ity in
f
l
u
e
n
ced
b
y
economica
l
ent
a
i
l
m
e
nt
. A
w
are
n
ess
ri
si
n
g
am
ong
ge
ne
ral
s
re
gar
d
i
n
g
severi
t
y
o
f
fo
r
m
al
i
n
m
i
suse wi
t
h
di
ffe
re
nt
aspect
s
th
ro
ugh
th
e cou
n
t
ry can
facilitate p
r
o
t
ectio
n ai
min
g
for n
a
t
i
o
n
a
l security. Th
e ob
jectiv
e o
f
th
is stud
y was to
d
e
term
in
e th
e fish
m
a
rk
etin
g strateg
y
in
Ban
g
l
ad
esh
with
the practice of form
alin
cons
idering the e
f
fect on
h
ealth
.
2.
FOR
M
ALIN
AN
D IT
S EF
FECT O
N
HEALTH
Form
al
i
n
i
s
a sol
u
t
i
o
n m
a
de up o
f
3
7
% f
o
rm
al
dehy
de
by
w
e
i
ght
, w
h
i
c
h i
s
st
abi
l
i
zed by
the ad
di
t
i
o
n
o
f
m
e
th
an
o
l
. If u
s
ed
in
su
fficien
tly lo
w q
u
antities, i
t
d
o
e
s hav
e
leg
iti
m
a
te
co
mmercial u
s
es, for ex
am
p
l
e, to
pre
v
e
n
t
bact
eri
a
l
gr
owt
h
i
n
fi
s
h
fa
rm
s. No
net
h
el
ess, i
n
l
a
r
g
e
r
d
o
ses
o
r
wi
t
h
ext
e
n
d
e
d
e
x
p
o
s
ure
,
f
o
rm
al
dehy
de
i
s
consi
d
e
r
e
d
t
o
be t
o
xi
c an
d cancer ca
usi
n
g
.
Fo
rm
ali
n
i
s
i
r
ri
t
a
t
i
ng, co
rr
os
i
v
e and t
oxi
c a
nd a
b
s
o
r
b
ed
fr
om
al
l
surfaces
of the
body.
Although t
h
e sh
ort
-
term
health effects of form
alde
hyde e
x
pos
u
re are well known, les
s
is known a
b
out its potential long-term
health effects. Regular c
ons
um
pti
on
of form
alin-laced fis
h
inc
r
ease
s
chance
o
f
m
a
l
i
gnancy
a
n
d
neu
r
ol
o
g
i
cal
i
m
pai
r
m
e
nt
or
b
r
ai
n
fu
nct
i
o
ns.
The
I
n
t
e
r
n
at
i
onal
A
g
e
n
cy
fo
r
Research on C
a
ncer (IARC)
says th
ere
was
sufficient e
v
idence
for ca
rcin
oge
ni
ci
t
y
i
n
hu
m
a
ns. B
a
se
d
o
n
t
h
e
available e
v
idence, som
e
of thes
e e
xpe
rt age
n
cies
h
a
v
e
ev
alu
a
ted th
e can
c
er-cau
sing
po
ten
tial o
f
fo
rm
al
dehy
de.
On
10 J
u
ne 2
0
1
1
,
t
h
e U
S
Na
t
i
onal
To
xi
co
l
ogy
P
r
o
g
ram
form
al
l
y
descri
bed
fo
rm
al
dehy
de t
o
be a k
n
o
w
n
c
a
rci
n
oge
n. T
h
e
m
o
st
com
m
on
res
u
l
t
of c
h
r
o
ni
c p
o
i
s
o
n
i
ng ca
use
d
by
fo
rm
ali
n
i
s
da
m
a
ged
kidneys and ca
ncer. Form
alin
m
a
y cause uncont
rolled cell
gr
owt
h
o
r
ca
nc
er i
n
st
om
ach,
l
u
n
g
an
d
respi
r
at
ory
sy
st
em
i
f
any
one
co
ns
um
es fi
sh
co
nt
am
inat
ed
wi
t
h
i
t
.
A st
udy
s
h
o
w
ed
m
i
ce expose
d
t
o
f
o
rm
al
i
n
wi
t
h
conce
n
t
r
at
i
o
n
of
6 t
o
15
p
p
m
for
2 y
ears
devel
ope
d s
q
u
a
m
ous-cel
l
car
ci
nom
a i
n
t
h
e nost
r
i
l
[3]
.
F
o
r
m
al
i
n
causes di
verse
hi
st
o
p
at
h
o
l
o
gi
cal
change
s i
n
di
cat
i
ng t
h
e d
e
st
ruct
i
o
n i
n
t
h
e
l
i
v
er t
i
ssue an
d t
h
i
s
dest
r
u
ct
i
on
has
di
rect
rel
a
t
i
o
ns
hi
p
wi
t
h
t
h
e l
e
ngt
h o
f
t
h
e
ex
pos
u
r
e pe
ri
o
d
[4]
.
It
has a
ha
rm
ful
effect
o
n
rep
r
o
d
u
ct
i
o
n s
y
st
em
by
i
n
d
u
ci
n
g
o
x
i
dat
i
v
e st
ress [
5
]
,
[
6
]
.
Hi
g
h
c
o
nsum
pt
i
on
of
f
o
rm
al
i
n
coul
d
cause dam
a
ge t
o
t
h
e co
rnea i
n
t
h
e
ey
es and res
u
l
t
i
n
l
o
ss of vi
si
on
. Fo
rm
al
dehy
de causes i
n
fl
am
m
a
t
i
on of t
h
e l
i
n
i
n
g
s
of t
h
e m
out
h, t
h
r
o
at
and
g
a
stro
in
testin
al
tract an
d
ev
en
tu
al u
l
ceration and nec
r
osis of the m
u
cous
lin
in
g
of th
e g
a
stro
i
n
testinal tract
pr
o
duci
ng l
e
si
ons i
n
t
h
e
p
a
renc
hy
m
a
t
ous orga
ns [
7
]
.
Labo
rat
o
ry
st
udi
es sh
o
w
e
d
t
h
at
exp
o
s
u
re t
o
form
ald
e
h
y
d
e
co
u
l
d
cau
se n
a
sal can
cer in
rats. A coho
rt stu
d
y
of 11
,03
9
tex
tile wo
rk
ers p
e
rform
e
d
b
y
th
e
Natio
n
a
l
In
stitu
te fo
r Occupatio
n
a
l Safety and
Health
(NIOSH) also
foun
d
an
associatio
n
b
e
t
w
een
the
du
rat
i
o
n o
f
ex
pos
u
r
e t
o
f
o
r
m
al
dehy
de an
d l
e
u
k
em
i
a
deat
hs [
8
]
.
Tabl
e 1 sh
o
w
s t
h
e
sum
m
e
ry
of negat
i
v
e
effects using form
alin.
Tabl
e
1. E
f
f
ect
o
f
f
o
rm
ali
n
t
r
e
a
t
e
d fi
s
h
c
o
n
s
u
m
pti
on
on
he
al
t
h
Exposure routes
Effect
on hu
m
a
n
Car
c
inogenicity
Form
alin has the
potential effect
to
cause cancer,
repe
ated and
pr
olonged
expo
sur
e
incr
eases the r
i
sk of
cancer
s of t
h
e lung,
nasophar
y
nx,
or
op
har
y
nx and nasal passage
Repr
oductive health
I
t
has a harm
ful
effect on r
e
pr
o
d
u
c
tion sy
stem
by
inducing
oxidative str
e
ss.
Skin
(
d
erm
a
l)
Pr
olonged an
d r
e
peated
contact with form
alin could cause
nu
m
bness (
l
ack of
feeling)
an
d a
ha
r
d
ening
or
tannin
g
o
f
the
skin
Eye
contact
Form
alin solution splashed
in the eye can cause in juri
es f
r
o
m
transient disco
m
fo
rt to seve
re
such as loss of vision
3.
FOR
M
ALIN
LACE
D FI
SH
M
A
R
K
ETIN
G
IN
BA
NGL
ADES
H
A n
u
m
b
er o
f
s
t
udi
es
do
ne by
t
h
e B
a
ngl
a
d
es
h g
o
v
er
nm
ent
sho
w
e
d
t
h
at
a
si
gni
fi
ca
nt
pe
r
cent
a
ge
of
fi
sh
w
h
i
c
h i
s
i
m
port
e
d f
r
om
nei
g
hb
o
r
i
n
g co
unt
ri
es are
conta
m
in
ated
with form
alin
. Large s
p
ecies, em
inently
im
port
e
d r
o
h
u
(
L
abe
o r
o
hi
t
a
) are m
o
re s
u
s
cept
i
b
l
e
t
o
fo
r
m
al
i
n
poi
so
ni
n
g
f
r
om
42%
t
o
70
% enc
o
m
p
assi
ng
3.
4 f
o
l
d
s hi
ghe
r com
p
ared t
o
sm
al
l
,
l
o
cal
ly
pr
o
duce
d
o
n
e; therefore m
o
st of the c
ity
m
a
rk
ets abun
d
a
n
t
with
i
m
p
o
r
ted
carp
s
m
a
k
e
th
e absolu
te in
tend
m
e
n
t
o
f
h
a
pp
en
in
g.
In Ba
n
g
lades
h
fo
r the
first tim
e form
alin treated
fi
shes
were i
d
ent
i
f
i
e
d i
n
2
0
0
6
du
ri
n
g
a
n
o
p
e
r
at
i
on a
g
ai
nst
i
m
pure
fo
od
by
a
m
obi
l
e
court
l
e
d by
a
Metro
p
o
litan
Mag
i
strate. Differen
t
st
ud
ies sh
ow st
rong
ev
id
en
ce of t
h
e
p
r
esen
ce
o
f
fo
rm
alin
in
fish
.
Th
e ex
ten
t
o
f
form
alin
co
nta
m
in
atio
n
is
n
o
t
en
tirely clear. Sev
e
ral stu
d
i
es
h
a
ve atte
m
p
ted
to
m
easure t
h
e i
n
t
e
nsi
t
y
o
f
t
h
e
pr
o
b
l
e
m
i
n
Bangl
a
d
es
hi
fi
s
h
m
a
rket
s;
ho
weve
r, t
h
ei
r
fi
ndi
ng
s ha
ve
d
i
ffer
e
d
su
bstan
tially. Resear
ch und
er
tak
e
n
an
d publish
e
d
i
n
2
009
b
a
sed
on
a study o
f
fo
ur
f
i
sh
mar
k
ets in
Dh
ak
a City
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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PH
S
I
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:
225
2-8
8
0
6
Fish
Ma
rketing
S
t
a
t
us With
Fo
rma
lin Treatmen
t in Ba
ng
l
a
d
e
sh: An
Overview (S
ha
tab
d
i Goon
)
97
f
oun
d
fo
r
m
a
li
n
con
t
amin
atio
n
in
on
ly 5
0
of 8
0
0
f
i
sh
sam
p
led
,
o
r
6
.
2
5
%. Th
e h
i
g
h
e
st p
e
r
cen
tag
e
w
a
s fo
und
in the Karwan Bazaar m
a
rket. Large R
u
i and
Katla
, were the m
o
st
comm
only contaminated, although
f
o
r
m
al
in
u
s
e was also
f
ound
i
n
a
nu
m
b
er
of
o
t
h
e
r
f
i
sh
v
a
r
i
eties in
clu
d
i
n
g
shr
i
m
p
, Mr
ig
al, and
K
achk
i
[9
]. A
som
e
what
l
a
t
e
r 20
10 st
u
d
y
of
t
w
o m
a
rket
s and t
h
ree g
r
oce
r
y
st
ores i
n
Dh
aka fo
u
nd t
h
at
an al
arm
i
ng 42
% of
10
0 fi
sh
sam
p
l
e
d ha
d been
t
r
e
a
t
e
d wi
t
h
fo
rm
al
i
n
.
T
h
ese
i
n
c
l
ude
d 7
0
% of
s
a
m
p
l
e
d
R
u
i
,
5
0
% of
Kat
l
a
,
4
0
% of
M
r
i
g
al
, 5
0
%
o
f
Hi
l
s
a, a
n
d
0
%
of
Sha
r
put
i
.
C
ont
am
i
n
at
i
on acr
oss t
h
e fi
ve si
t
e
s ra
nge
d f
r
om
20
-6
0
%
[1
0]
.
W
h
ile p
e
r
c
en
t
a
g
e
s w
e
r
e
n
o
t
pr
ov
id
ed
,
a 20
10
stud
y
in
My
m
e
n
s
in
g
h
also
fou
nd
ev
i
d
en
ce
of
fo
r
m
alin
in
i
m
p
o
r
ted
R
u
i
an
d
Katla bu
t
n
o
t
in lo
cal v
a
rieties o
f
th
e sa
m
e
fish
. Th
e
find
ing
s
were
co
nsisten
t
across th
e
f
i
v
e
Mym
e
n
s
in
g
h
m
a
r
k
ets stud
ied
[1
1
]
.
A
20
12
st
ud
y of
f
i
v
e
m
a
r
k
ets in
Sylh
et fo
und
fo
r
m
alin
in
26
o
f
150
sam
p
led
f
i
sh
,
or
17
.3
%.
A
g
ai
n con
t
amin
at
i
o
n
occ
u
r
r
ed
acr
os
s t
h
e
fi
ve m
a
rk
et
s, al
t
h
o
u
gh i
t
ran
g
e
d
fr
om
6% t
o
26% of fis
h
te
sted. E
v
ide
n
ce
of
form
alin was found i
n
Rui, sh
rim
p
, and
Katla, bu
t no
t
Mrig
al or Hilsa [12
]
.
These
findings
m
a
ke clear tha
t
form
alin is a comm
on
and e
v
en
growing
problem
;
however, they als
o
s
u
gge
st
t
h
at
i
t
i
s
pe
rha
p
s
not
as
per
v
a
s
i
v
e as
som
e
m
e
di
a re
p
o
rt
s
w
oul
d s
u
ggest
.
Form
al
dehy
de
l
e
vel
s
i
n
fi
sh a
r
e hi
g
h
i
n
i
m
p
o
rt
e
d
rui
fi
s
h
com
i
ng from
Indi
a an
d M
y
anm
a
r. B
o
t
h
large a
n
d sm
all species a
r
e a
f
fected
by
formalin treatm
e
nt, whe
r
e la
rge
ca
rp
speci
es
bei
n
g c
o
n
s
um
ed by
3
1
%
of
u
r
ba
n
pe
o
p
l
e
[
13]
whi
c
h
were
us
ual
l
y
i
m
port
e
d
fr
om
In
di
a a
n
d
M
y
anm
a
r are f
o
un
d
wi
t
h
hi
g
h
er
f
o
rm
al
i
n
conce
n
t
r
at
i
o
n i
n
m
o
st
of t
h
e
ret
a
i
l
s
m
a
rket
s. In co
nt
rast
i
n
l
a
nd f
r
esh fi
s
h
es & Sm
al
l i
ndi
ge
no
us s
p
eci
es are
less form
al
in
ex
po
su
re. Ex
tend
ed
sh
elf life
of fo
rm
alin
tr
eated rohu
fish c
o
m
p
ared to
fres
h one st
ore
d
in ice is
onl
y
by
6
day
s
, b
u
t
co
nsi
d
e
r
i
ng t
h
e sm
al
l
profi
t
i
n
bu
si
nes
s
, m
o
st
of t
h
e t
r
ade
r
s
use f
o
r
m
al
i
n
as prese
r
vat
i
v
e
pu
r
pose
bey
o
n
d
c
o
n
s
i
d
eri
n
g
i
t
s
et
hi
cal
aspec
t
s.
Hav
i
n
g
po
or
o
r
g
a
n
o
l
ep
tic ch
aracteristics in
fo
rm
alin
treated
fish
[14
]
; p
r
ice co
m
p
ri
ses a littl
e
d
i
fferen
ce wit
h
less po
ten
tiality co
m
p
ared
with
in
la
nd
p
r
o
d
u
c
tion
.
Thou
gh
in
lan
d
aquacu
ltu
re accoun
t 39
%
of t
o
t
a
l
fi
s
h
pr
od
uct
i
o
n, a m
a
jo
r p
o
rt
i
ons a
r
e bei
n
g im
port
e
d fr
om
nei
g
h
b
o
r
i
n
g co
u
n
t
r
i
e
s pr
om
pt
s t
h
e ri
sk f
o
r
form
alin treatment. Dha
k
a a
nd
Sylhet
, t
w
o
econ
o
m
i
cal
ly
pot
e
n
t
di
st
ri
ct
of
Ban
g
l
ad
e
s
h
s
h
ow
ed
a
co
mp
a
r
a
tiv
e
nom
encl
at
ure
on
fi
s
h
m
a
rket
i
ng,
h
o
l
d
i
n
g
si
m
i
l
a
ri
ty
on
f
o
r
m
al
i
n
pract
i
ce
si
gni
fi
e
d
by
a
sl
i
ght
e
p
i
d
em
ic wi
t
h
17
.3
% [
13]
i
n
Sy
l
h
et
com
e
up t
o
D
h
a
k
a with 6.25%
[4].Large s
p
ecie
s
ar
e m
o
re affected as to small one;
in
ti
m
a
ted
b
y
bo
th
st
u
d
y
zo
nes tak
i
ng
in
10
.2
5% and
1
3
.3% esti
m
a
tin
g
th
e affected
ro
hu
with 44
% and
42
.3
%
in Dha
k
a a
n
d
Sylhet aside. Form
alin
treated sm
all species
com
p
rising
2
.
2
5
% a
n
d
33
.3
%
,
f
o
un
d i
n
D
h
a
k
a
&
Sylhet res
p
ectively.
Tabl
e 2. Di
st
ri
ct
base
d
c
o
m
p
ari
s
o
n
of
fo
rm
alin
treated
fish
in Bang
lad
e
sh
Z
one
For
m
alin t
r
eated
f
i
sh
(%)
For
m
alin t
r
eated
large species
(%)
For
m
alin t
r
eated
SIS (%
)
For
m
alin t
r
eated
r
ohu (
%
)
For
m
alin t
r
eated
catla (%
)
Dhaka 6.
25
10.
25
2.
25
44
22
Sy
lhet
17.
3
13.
3
33.
3
42.
3
19.
2
Table 3. Form
a
lin
treated fish ma
rk
etin
g b
y
y
ear in Dh
ak
a C
ity
Year
For
m
alin t
r
eated
f
i
sh
(%)
For
m
alin t
r
eated
r
ohu(
%)
For
m
alin t
r
eated
catla(%)
For
m
alin t
r
eated
fish in jatrabari
bazaar (%)
For
m
alin t
r
eated
fish in ka
w
r
a
n
bazaar (%)
2009
6.
25
44
22
20
46
2011
42
70
50
40
60
4.
WORL
DWI
D
E SCE
N
A
R
I
O
OF
FO
R
M
ALIN
LA
CE
D FI
SH
M
A
R
K
ETING
A rece
nt
st
u
d
y
by
B
a
da
n Pen
g
a
was O
b
at
da
n
M
a
kana
n (B
P
O
M
)
,
In
d
one
si
a’s de
pa
rt
m
e
nt cont
rol
l
i
n
g
and s
u
r
v
ey
i
n
g
foo
d
an
d d
r
u
g
, has f
o
un
d t
h
at
a sect
i
on of di
s
h
onest
t
r
aders are
usi
n
g fo
rm
al
i
n
widel
y
i
n
p
r
eserv
a
tio
n of fo
od
item
s
, inclu
d
i
ng f
i
sh
.
15
Last Decem
ber (2005), BPOM perfo
rm
ed a
laboratorium
test of
16
1 sam
p
l
e
s o
f
sea
pr
o
duct
s
(i
ncl
u
di
n
g
fi
sh
, sq
ui
d
,
s
h
ri
m
p
,
oy
st
er,
d
r
i
e
d sal
t
e
d
fi
sh /
squi
d)
, t
o
fu
, a
n
d
we
t
noodles from
6 cities at La
m
pung, S
out
h Sum
a
tra. Th
e test showe
d
64 sam
p
les were
found
positive
co
n
t
ain
i
n
g
formalin
. Fu
rth
e
rm
o
r
e, BPOM also
p
e
rfo
rm
ed
a si
m
p
le ex
p
e
rim
e
n
t
o
n
the p
o
s
itiv
e samp
les in
atte
m
p
t to
remo
v
e
t
h
e
form
al
in
con
t
en
t.
These p
r
odu
cts were wash
ed
thoroug
h
l
y and
bo
iled
in
water
with
a
t
e
m
p
erat
ure
of
80°C
f
o
r 5 t
o
10 m
i
nut
es. The f
o
rm
al
i
n
level
was re
du
ced b
u
t
not
f
u
l
l
y
rem
oved.
So t
h
e
co
n
c
l
u
sion
, once fo
r
m
alin
is add
e
d, it can no
t b
e
rem
o
v
e
d. Fish
m
o
ng
ers in
Ax
im in
th
e Nzem
a East
Mu
n
i
cip
a
lity use th
e preservativ
e ag
en
t main
ly fo
rm
alin
to
sto
r
e t
u
n
a
an
d
o
t
h
e
r larg
e fish
es in
ord
e
r to
rem
a
i
n
fresh f
o
r a l
ong
peri
od
[15]
. S
o
m
e
fi
sherm
e
n i
n
Sek
o
n
d
i
-
Ta
k
o
ra
di
have c
o
n
d
em
ned t
h
e al
l
e
ged
use o
f
Fo
rm
alin
b
y
their co
lleagu
e
s t
o
p
r
eserve fish at Ax
im
in
th
e Nzem
a East Mu
n
i
cip
a
lity of th
e
Western
Reg
i
on
[16]. Form
alin treatm
e
nt increases th
e s
h
elf life of t
h
e fis
h
whic
h takes
about a
week to reac
h
Punjab from
Andh
ra Prad
esh
,
h
e
n
ce it is often
u
s
ed
t
o
illeg
a
lly p
r
es
erve p
e
rish
ab
le
foo
d
item
s
lik
e fish
and
fru
it [17
]
. In
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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SN
:
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252
-88
06
I
J
PH
S
Vo
l.
3
,
N
o
.
2
,
Jun
e
201
4 :
9
5
– 100
98
Tanza
n
i
a
, usi
n
g of f
o
rm
ali
n
t
o
st
ore fi
sh i
n
Dar es
Sal
a
am
, Li
ndi
and
C
o
ast
regi
o
n
s
i
s
wi
desprea
d
[18]
.
Su
rv
eys carr
i
ed
ou
t b
y
th
e asso
ciatio
n
in
sab
a
h, m
a
la
ysia
, it w
a
s f
o
und th
at al
m
o
st 8
0
% of
con
s
u
m
er
s i
n
Saba
h i
n
b
o
t
h
ru
ral
an
d
ur
ba
n area
s ar
e eat
ing
form
alin-tainted
fish
[1
9]
. Fish
reta
ilers and wholesalers in
Sri Lank
a are
u
s
ing
fo
rm
alin
to
p
r
ev
en
t fresh
fish
fro
m
g
e
ttin
g
spo
ilt [20
]
. So
m
e
v
e
n
d
o
r
s an
d
d
ealers h
a
d
illeg
a
lly u
s
ed
form
ald
e
h
y
d
e
to
preserv
e
fish
in ch
i
n
a
[21].
Form
al
i
n
i
s
bei
n
g use
d
i
n
part
s o
f
Gh
ana
t
o
prese
r
ve t
u
na a
n
d
ot
her
l
a
rge
f
i
sh i
n
G
h
a
n
a.
5.
ECON
O
M
IC
AL
EFFE
CT OF
FO
R
M
AL
IN USE
I
N
FI
SH MA
RKET
ING
The r
o
l
e
of
fi
sheri
e
s sect
or
i
n
t
h
e
devel
o
p
m
ent
of a
g
r
o
-
b
ase
d
eco
n
o
m
y
of B
a
ngl
a
d
e
s
h i
s
v
e
r
y
im
port
a
nt
an
d pr
om
i
s
i
ng. Th
e fi
sheri
e
s sect
or co
nt
ri
but
es
5.
10
%, o
f
t
h
e cou
n
t
r
y
'
s exp
o
r
t
earni
n
g
s,
4.
9
1
% o
f
its G
D
P an
d pr
ov
id
es 63
% of
th
e n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
an
im
a
l
p
r
o
t
ein con
s
u
m
p
tio
n
.
Fish and f
i
sher
y pr
odu
cts ar
e the
co
un
tr
y's th
ir
d lar
g
est exp
o
rt co
mm
o
d
i
t
y
co
n
t
r
i
bu
tin
g
5.10
% of
its ex
ch
ang
e
earn
i
n
g
s
, in
200
2–2
003
Ban
g
l
ad
esh earn
ed
US$
32
4
mil
lio
n
o
f
wh
ich
sh
rim
p
alone con
t
ribu
ted 72
%
o
f
th
e to
tal b
y
q
u
a
n
tity and
8
9
%
b
y
v
a
l
u
e.
It is clai
m
e
d
th
at th
e to
tal fish produ
ctio
n
ha
s i
n
c
r
eased si
gni
fi
cant
l
y
ove
r t
h
e l
a
st
few
deca
des
but
i
t
is no
t su
ff
icient to
m
eet u
p
t
h
e gr
ow
ing
d
e
man
d
of
t
h
e coun
tr
y.
A
s
a result i
m
p
o
r
ted f
i
sh
es
f
r
o
m
n
e
ig
hb
or
ing
co
un
tries
en
ter in
the
d
o
m
est
i
c
m
a
rk
et and
it was repo
rted th
at m
o
re th
an
8
0
m
e
tric to
n
o
f
fish
an
d fish
ery
pr
o
duct
s
e
n
t
e
r
i
n
t
o
B
a
n
g
l
a
d
e
sh eve
r
y
day
t
h
ro
u
gh t
h
e
Tek
n
af
bo
r
d
er
fr
om
My
an
m
a
r. A
v
ai
l
a
bl
e
rep
o
rt
s
su
gg
est th
at
form
al
in
is so
m
e
ti
m
e
s ad
d
e
d
o
r
sp
rayed
to
t
h
e fish
es
b
y
th
e fish
trad
ers wh
ile tran
spo
r
tin
g
t
o
dom
est
i
c
m
a
rket
i
ng chai
n t
o
pre
v
e
n
t
sp
oi
l
a
ge an
d i
n
c
r
eas
e shel
f l
i
f
e.
St
udi
es c
o
nd
uct
e
d at
di
f
f
ere
n
t
m
a
rket
s
i
n
D
h
aka ci
t
y
and M
y
m
e
nsi
ngh
Sada
r rat
i
o
nal
i
zes t
h
e i
n
c
i
dence
of a
ddi
ng
fo
rm
al
dehy
de/
f
orm
a
l
i
n
t
o
fi
she
s
especially im
p
o
rte
d
from
neighbori
ng c
o
untries. Form
a
lin
laced foods a
r
e ha
rm
ful
to public health a
nd
t
h
e
p
e
op
le,
u
s
i
n
g
th
em
f
o
r
a long
tim
e,
m
i
g
h
t
su
ff
er fr
o
m
r
e
sp
ir
ator
y an
d
n
e
uro
l
og
ical pr
ob
lem
s
, alo
n
g
w
ith
trou
b
l
es
fro
m
can
cer, liv
er ci
rrh
o
s
is, k
i
d
n
e
y
,
lu
ng
, allerg
y, asth
m
a
an
d
o
t
h
e
r
h
ealth
h
a
zard
s. Main
ly in
th
e
city’s wholesa
l
e kitche
n m
a
rkets, m
a
ny tra
d
ers
collect
fis
h
es ac
ross the
areas
outside
this city and before
sellin
g
th
em
to
th
e sm
all
traders of
d
i
ffere
n
t city areas, the
y
have t
o
pres
erve t
h
e item
s
m
o
re than a
day in
their stores
. The s
m
all traders
often ha
ve to
store thei
r item
s
one or two
days long be
fore selling them
to the
retail shoppers
.
So they
use c
h
em
ical
preservatives t
o
keep stoc
ked fis
h
ite
m
s
fres
h
.
Fish c
ontam
inated
wit
h
form
al
in
is a c
o
mm
o
n
wo
rd
th
at lu
rk
s in
the fearfu
l min
d
s o
f
shop
p
e
rs
at fish
m
a
rk
ets o
f
Bang
lad
e
sh
no
w.
Th
e iron
y of the situ
atio
n
is t
h
at th
e
u
s
e
o
f
fo
rm
alin
affects ou
r
h
ealth
as
well as bu
sin
e
ssm
a
n
affiliated
with
fo
rm
ali
n
cul
t
u
re. O
n
e ca
n
not
deny
th
at
a h
ealth
y and
well feed
citizen
is b
e
tter su
ited
for i
n
crease
productivity as part of thei
r work
force
,
but form
alin
practice can
be accounta
b
le for threatening the
productivity be
yond growt
h
,
developm
ent & accom
p
lish
m
e
n
t.
Besides
,
by offeri
ng a
reli
able product, traders
and ve
nders
ca
n inc
r
ease t
h
eir sales and
t
h
eir pr
ices pro
m
o
t
i
n
g b
e
tter econo
m
y
.
6.
ROLE OF
RELEVANT AGE
NCIES IN PROTECTION
Go
ve
rnm
e
nt
s’ i
n
ade
quat
e
m
oni
t
o
ri
ng i
n
m
a
rket
s fr
ust
r
at
es
m
o
st
ci
t
i
zens. Som
e
cust
om
ers an
d sm
all
fi
sh t
r
a
d
ers l
a
m
e
nt
t
h
at
t
h
e gove
r
n
m
e
nt
’s
m
oni
t
o
ri
n
g
i
ssue
i
s
confi
n
ed
o
n
l
y
t
o
t
h
e busy
fi
sh m
a
rket
s and
n
o
t
du
ri
n
g
ot
he
r t
i
m
es and a
r
eas,
especi
al
l
y
du
r
i
ng
di
f
f
ere
n
t
st
ages
of
fi
sh t
r
a
d
i
n
g.
T
h
e m
i
n
i
st
ry
of
fi
she
r
i
e
s a
n
d
livestock (M
oFL) sai
d
recent
l
y that
the governm
e
nt has taken initiatives
at
i
m
parting traini
ng programmes to
raise awa
r
e
n
es
s agai
nst use
of form
alin
to
aroun
d
40
thou
san
d
p
e
op
le rel
a
ted
to
fish cu
l
tiv
atio
n
an
d trad
ing
.
Clearly, i
m
p
r
ov
ed regu
latio
ns and
en
forcemen
t h
a
ve to be p
a
rt of t
h
e solu
tio
n
,
and recen
tly th
e foo
d
min
i
stry
h
a
s
p
r
op
o
s
ed
co
nso
lid
ating
i
n
spectio
n
s
under
on
e ag
en
cy. N
o
n
e
t
h
eless,
to
d
a
te t
h
e gov
ern
m
en
tal r
e
sp
on
se
h
a
s clearly fallen
sho
r
t.
In
fact, th
e p
r
ob
lem is so
ex
tensiv
e th
at a stro
ng
regu
lato
ry
respon
se m
i
g
h
t b
e
unrealistic given the
curre
nt
li
mitati
ons
of Bangla
d
esh’s regulatory
institutio
ns. Therefore
,
it is necessary to
ask i
f
t
h
ere ar
e ot
her com
p
l
e
m
e
nt
ary
and n
o
n
-
go
ver
n
m
e
nt
al
sol
u
t
i
ons t
o
such m
a
rket
fai
l
u
res. G
o
ver
n
m
e
nt
sho
u
l
d
t
a
ke st
e
p
s t
o
rai
s
e aw
arenes
s am
ong
fi
sh t
r
a
d
ers
fo
r n
o
t
usi
ng
fo
r
m
al
i
n
on fi
s
h
as fo
rm
al
i
n
does not
harm
onl
y
t
h
e
gene
ral
s
h
o
p
p
e
r
s
but
al
s
o
t
h
e
s
e t
h
reat
e
n
t
h
e
f
a
m
i
ly
m
e
m
b
ers o
f
t
h
e
fi
s
h
t
r
aders
w
h
o c
o
n
s
um
e
suc
h
fis
h
.
7.
CO
NCL
USI
O
N
Form
al
i
n
prac
t
i
ce has be
en
g
o
i
n
g
on
u
n
a
bat
e
d i
n
fi
s
h
m
a
rket
s of
B
a
ngl
a
d
esh
d
u
e t
o
som
e
u
n
s
cru
p
u
l
ou
s
trad
er’s
ill
in
ten
tio
ns
an
d
also
i
n
du
lg
en
ce b
y
g
o
v
e
rn
m
e
n
t
n
e
g
lig
en
ce t
o
ch
eck
th
e tren
ds.
Despi
t
e
ha
vi
n
g
det
r
i
m
ent
a
l
ef
fect
s
on
h
u
m
a
n
heal
t
h
;
t
h
i
s
i
m
m
i
nent
cont
i
nge
ncy
has
be
en c
o
m
e
abo
u
t
wi
t
h
a
n
alarmin
g
rate i
n
du
cing
g
r
eat
eco
no
m
i
cal lo
s
s
es b
e
co
n
f
ronted
b
y
co
mm
o
n
ality. Co
n
t
emp
l
ativ
e con
c
ern
fro
m
co
rresp
ond
ing
au
tho
r
ities
m
u
st b
e
en
forced
p
r
i
o
ritizin
g
on
th
e u
lti
m
a
te
p
u
n
i
sh
m
e
n
t
to
th
e sh
am
e
l
ess tr
ad
ers
ens
u
ring t
h
e increased acquai
n
tance am
ong
comm
unity.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
J
PH
S
I
S
SN
:
225
2-8
8
0
6
Fish
Ma
rketing
S
t
a
t
us With
Fo
rma
lin Treatmen
t in Ba
ng
l
a
d
e
sh: An
Overview (S
ha
tab
d
i Goon
)
99
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BIOGRAP
HI
ES OF
AUTH
ORS
I am Shatabdi G
oon. I have
completed m
y
bach
elor degree with
CGPA 4(out of
scale 4)
under the dep
a
rtm
e
nt of Nutrition
and F
ood Engineering
,
Daffodil In
ternation
a
l
University
. I co
mpleted m
y
secondar
y
school
certif
icate with GPA 5
and got go
ld medal
for the
ach
ievement. I
also got GPA 5 in m
y
higher secondar
y
schoo
l certificate. I go
t
government sch
o
larship in
class
five
as well as
in eight. I am
ver
y
much inter
e
sted in
res
earch
. I h
a
ve
alre
ad
y publis
h
e
d thre
e of m
y
research
paper
i
n
3 distinc
t
int
e
rnation
a
l
journals. I have
also got chance participati
ng in I
n
ternational con
f
erence on public health
which had been
held in Th
ailand
. I am activ
e
m
e
m
b
er of Daffodil Interna
tion
a
l Universi
t
y
heal
th club and
doing differ
e
nt
workshops and
sem
i
nars regardi
ng health
and n
u
trition
.
I
have
taken
the i
n
itiative to
im
prove th
e m
i
cronu
trient
stat
us of p
r
egnant
wom
e
n and done
som
e
population
base survey
rev
eal
ing the cu
rr
ent status of m
a
lnutrition
am
ong pregnant
women. I wish t
o
work in nutrition sector aimi
n
g
to improve the overall health
status of
Banglad
eshi pop
ulation
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
S
SN
:
2
252
-88
06
I
J
PH
S
Vo
l.
3
,
N
o
.
2
,
Jun
e
201
4 :
9
5
– 100
10
0
I am Munmun Shabnam Bipasha. I hav
e
comp
leted m
y
bachelor
and masters degr
ee under
the depar
t
ment of Economics,
Jahangirn
agar University
. I am ver
y
much inter
e
sted in
research
. I h
a
ve alread
y
published Two of m
y
r
e
search
pa
per
in
2 distinct inter
n
ation
a
l
journals. I have
also got chance participati
ng in I
n
ternational con
f
erence on public health
which had
been
held
in Th
ailand.
I am Md.Saiful Islam. I have co
mpleted m
y
Ma
ster degree with
CGPA 3.70 (out
of scale
4) and
also bach
elor d
e
gree with
first class
first u
nder th
e dep
a
rtment
of Applied
nutrition
& food technolo
g
y
. Islamic University
. I comp
leted m
y
secondar
y
sc
hool cer
tificate with
GPA 3.69 I also got GPA 3.60 in
my
h
i
gher se
con
d
ar
y
school
certificate. I got gov
ernment
M
e
rit s
c
holars
h
i
p
in Both M
a
s
t
ers
and Bache
l
o
r
degree
. I am
ver
y
m
u
ch int
e
r
e
s
t
ed in
research
. I have alread
y
published one of my
r
e
search pap
e
r in 1 distinct internation
a
l
journals. I h
a
ve
also got chan
ce
participating
in international con
f
erence on public health
which had be
en
held in Th
ail
a
n
d
. I am
act
ive
m
e
m
b
er of Is
lam
i
c Univers
i
t
y
heal
th club
and doing
diff
er
ent workshops and seminars re
g
a
rding h
ealth
an
d nutrition. I h
a
ve taken
the in
itiativ
e
to
improve th
e micronutr
i
ent st
atus of pregnan
t
women and do
ne some
population
base survey
rev
eal
i
ng the
curren
t
status of m
a
lnu
t
rition
am
ong p
r
egnant
women. I wish t
o
work in nutrition sector aimi
n
g
to improve the overall health
status of
Banglad
eshi pop
ulation
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.