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l J
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Science
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Dec
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er
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Co
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h cog
nition a
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2
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Acc
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ted
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Lo
w
p
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it
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t
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m
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m
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b
le
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ise
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se
s.
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is
p
h
e
n
o
m
e
n
o
n
o
c
c
u
rs
in
m
e
d
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c
a
l
stu
d
e
n
ts.
Th
is
stu
d
y
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e
d
to
d
e
term
in
e
th
e
c
o
rre
lati
o
n
b
e
twe
e
n
se
d
e
n
tary
b
e
h
a
v
i
o
r
a
n
d
p
h
y
sic
a
l
a
c
ti
v
it
y
o
n
c
o
g
n
i
ti
o
n
,
m
e
n
tal
h
e
a
lt
h
,
c
o
rti
s
o
l,
a
n
d
b
ra
in
d
e
ri
v
e
d
n
e
u
ro
tr
o
p
ic
fa
c
to
r
(BDN
F
).
Us
in
g
a
c
r
o
ss
-
se
c
ti
o
n
a
l
d
e
sig
n
o
f
o
b
se
rv
a
ti
o
n
a
l
stu
d
y
,
e
ig
h
t
y
-
six
m
e
d
ica
l
stu
d
e
n
ts
we
re
in
v
o
l
v
e
d
i
n
th
is
st
u
d
y
.
T
h
e
su
b
jec
ts
we
re
in
terv
iew
e
d
to
a
ss
e
ss
c
o
g
n
it
i
v
e
fu
n
c
ti
o
n
a
n
d
d
e
p
re
ss
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n
lev
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ls.
S
a
li
v
a
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s
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e
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t
o
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e
a
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a
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d
BDN
F
lev
e
l.
Biv
a
riate
a
n
a
ly
sis
wa
s
p
e
rfo
r
m
e
d
u
sin
g
th
e
S
p
e
a
rm
a
n
tes
t.
De
p
re
ss
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n
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th
e
o
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ly
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riab
le
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a
t
c
o
rre
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sig
n
ifi
c
a
n
t
ly
wit
h
h
a
b
it
u
a
l
p
h
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si
c
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l
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ti
v
it
y
(
p
=
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0
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5
,
r=
-
0
.
2
1
4
).
S
e
d
e
n
tary
b
e
h
a
v
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h
a
s
a
we
a
k
c
o
rre
lati
o
n
with
c
o
g
n
it
i
v
e
fa
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u
re
,
a
n
x
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n
d
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e
p
re
ss
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n
([
p
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]).
Th
e
re
su
lt
s
fo
u
n
d
th
a
t
h
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g
h
p
h
y
sic
a
l
a
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ti
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it
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imp
r
o
v
e
s
m
e
n
tal
h
e
a
lt
h
a
n
d
c
o
g
n
i
ti
o
n
.
T
h
is stu
d
y
su
g
g
e
ste
d
t
h
a
t
p
h
y
sic
a
l
a
c
ti
v
it
y
c
a
n
a
ll
e
v
iate
sy
m
p
to
m
s
o
f
d
e
p
re
ss
io
n
a
n
d
a
n
x
iety
a
m
o
n
g
m
e
d
ica
l
stu
d
e
n
ts.
K
ey
w
o
r
d
s
:
An
x
iety
B
DNF
C
o
g
n
itio
n
C
o
r
tis
o
l
Dep
r
ess
io
n
Ph
y
s
ical
ac
tiv
ity
Sed
en
tar
y
b
e
h
av
io
r
T
h
is i
s
a
n
o
p
e
n
a
c
c
e
ss
a
rticle
u
n
d
e
r th
e
CC B
Y
-
SA
li
c
e
n
se
.
C
o
r
r
e
s
p
o
nd
ing
A
uth
o
r
:
Yh
u
s
i K
ar
in
a
R
is
k
awa
ti
Ph
y
s
io
lo
g
y
Dep
ar
tm
e
n
t,
Facu
l
ty
o
f
Me
d
icin
e
,
Un
iv
er
s
itas
B
r
awijay
a
Ma
lan
g
,
I
n
d
o
n
esia
E
m
ail: y
h
u
s
i@
u
b
.
ac
.
id
1.
I
NT
RO
D
UCT
I
O
N
Mo
d
er
n
w
o
r
ld
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
h
as
cr
ea
ted
ch
an
g
es
in
h
u
m
an
p
h
y
s
ical
ac
tiv
ity
.
T
h
is
co
n
d
iti
o
n
r
esu
lts
in
s
ed
en
tar
y
b
eh
a
v
io
r
b
ec
a
u
s
e
p
eo
p
le
d
o
th
ei
r
d
aily
ac
tiv
ities
ef
f
icien
tly
an
d
d
o
n
o
t
m
o
v
e
m
u
ch
.
Dec
r
ea
s
e
d
p
h
y
s
ical
ac
tiv
ity
an
d
in
cr
ea
s
e
d
s
ed
en
tar
y
b
eh
av
i
o
r
ar
e
g
lo
b
al
p
r
o
b
lem
s
.
Ab
o
u
t
4
1
.
5
%
o
f
ad
u
lts
s
p
en
d
≥
4
h
o
u
r
s
d
aily
s
itti
n
g
[
1
]
.
L
o
w
p
h
y
s
ical
ac
tiv
ity
am
o
n
g
m
ed
ic
al
s
tu
d
en
ts
wa
s
h
ig
h
er
th
an
am
o
n
g
n
o
n
-
m
e
d
ical
s
tu
d
en
ts
[
2
]
.
Me
d
ical
s
tu
d
en
ts
ten
d
to
s
p
en
d
a
lo
t
o
f
tim
e
ev
er
y
d
ay
s
tu
d
y
in
g
in
class
.
T
h
i
s
ca
n
b
e
a
p
r
o
b
lem
,
b
ec
au
s
e
p
h
y
s
ical
ac
tiv
ity
ca
n
im
p
r
o
v
e
f
itn
ess
,
m
en
tal
h
e
a
lth
,
an
d
co
g
n
itiv
e
f
u
n
ctio
n
[
3
]
.
So
if
t
h
ey
a
r
e
s
ed
en
tar
y
,
th
e
y
ca
n
g
et
m
en
tal
illn
ess
an
d
co
g
n
itiv
e
d
ec
lin
e
t
h
at
in
h
ib
it
lear
n
i
n
g
.
So
m
eo
n
e
wh
o
is
p
h
y
s
ically
ac
tiv
e
h
as
a
b
etter
co
g
n
itiv
e
f
u
n
ctio
n
w
h
en
co
m
p
ar
e
d
to
l
ess
ac
tiv
e
p
ee
r
s
.
Ph
y
s
ical
ac
tiv
ity
ca
n
also
p
r
ev
en
t
co
g
n
itiv
e
d
ec
lin
e.
Mo
s
t
s
tu
d
ies
ab
o
u
t
th
e
b
en
ef
its
o
f
p
h
y
s
ical
ac
tiv
ity
o
n
c
o
g
n
itiv
e
f
u
n
ctio
n
wer
e
co
n
d
u
cted
o
n
th
e
el
d
er
ly
,
wh
ile
s
tu
d
ies
o
n
y
o
u
n
g
p
e
o
p
le
ar
e
s
till
m
in
im
al
[
4
]
.
A
s
tu
d
y
o
n
y
o
u
n
g
p
o
p
u
la
tio
n
s
is
h
o
p
e
d
to
in
cr
ea
s
e
aw
ar
en
ess
ab
o
u
t
th
e
im
p
o
r
tan
ce
o
f
p
h
y
s
ical
ac
tiv
ity
o
n
co
g
n
itiv
e
f
u
n
ctio
n
s
o
t
h
at
c
o
g
n
itiv
e
d
ec
lin
e
in
o
ld
ag
e
ca
n
b
e
p
r
e
v
en
ted
.
Sit
tin
g
in
f
r
o
n
t
o
f
a
co
m
p
u
ter
s
cr
ee
n
is
a
s
ed
e
n
tar
y
b
eh
av
i
o
r
p
r
ac
ticed
b
y
m
a
n
y
m
ed
ica
l
s
tu
d
en
ts
.
T
h
er
e
is
a
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
b
etwe
en
p
r
o
lo
n
g
ed
s
itti
n
g
an
d
m
o
d
er
ate
lev
els
o
f
p
s
y
ch
o
lo
g
ical
d
is
tr
ess
[
5
]
.
L
o
w
-
in
ten
s
ity
p
h
y
s
ical
ac
tiv
ity
in
cr
ea
s
es
th
e
r
is
k
o
f
d
ep
r
ess
iv
e
s
y
m
p
to
m
s
an
d
an
x
iety
[
6
]
.
T
h
e
r
e
ar
e
also
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
2
5
2
-
8
8
0
6
I
n
t J Pu
b
lic
Hea
lth
Sci
,
Vo
l.
13
,
No
.
4
,
Dec
em
b
er
20
24
:
1
61
7
-
1
62
5
1618
co
h
o
r
t
s
tu
d
ies
th
at
r
e
p
o
r
t
an
a
s
s
o
ciatio
n
b
etwe
en
s
ed
en
tar
y
b
eh
av
io
r
an
d
th
e
r
is
k
o
f
m
e
n
t
al
d
is
o
r
d
er
s
[
7
]
.
I
t
is
wh
y
s
ed
en
tar
y
b
eh
av
i
o
r
in
m
e
d
ical
s
tu
d
en
ts
n
ee
d
s
to
b
e
p
r
ev
en
ted
,
s
o
th
er
e
is
n
o
in
cr
ea
s
e
i
n
m
en
tal
illn
ess
.
Ph
y
s
ical
ac
tiv
ity
in
d
u
ce
s
an
in
cr
ea
s
e
in
co
r
tis
o
l
lev
els
d
ep
en
d
in
g
o
n
t
h
e
in
ten
s
ity
[
8
]
.
C
o
r
tis
o
l
is
a
s
ter
o
id
h
o
r
m
o
n
e
th
at
is
p
r
o
d
u
ce
d
in
r
esp
o
n
s
e
to
s
tr
ess
.
Me
d
ical
s
tu
d
en
ts
ten
d
to
ex
p
e
r
ien
ce
m
o
r
e
s
tr
ess
th
an
s
tu
d
en
ts
in
n
o
n
-
m
ed
ical
p
r
o
g
r
am
s
.
C
o
r
tis
o
l
ca
n
b
e
m
ea
s
u
r
ed
u
s
in
g
s
er
u
m
,
u
r
in
e,
an
d
s
aliv
a
[
9
]
.
Saliv
ar
y
co
r
tis
o
l is n
o
n
-
in
v
asiv
e,
an
d
it
s
u
p
tak
e
is
co
n
v
e
n
ien
t f
o
r
th
e
s
tu
d
y
s
u
b
jects
[
1
0
]
.
I
t
is
also
wid
ely
k
n
o
wn
t
h
at
p
h
y
s
ical
ac
tiv
ity
af
f
ec
ts
b
r
ain
d
er
iv
ed
n
e
u
r
o
tr
o
p
ic
f
ac
to
r
(
B
D
NF
)
lev
els.
B
DNF
is
o
n
e
o
f
th
e
n
eu
r
o
tr
o
p
h
in
s
in
v
o
lv
ed
in
all
im
p
o
r
tan
t
asp
ec
ts
o
f
n
e
u
r
o
p
last
icity
[
1
1
]
.
Var
io
u
s
liter
atu
r
e
also
s
h
o
ws
an
in
cr
ea
s
e
in
B
DNF
lev
els
alo
n
g
with
p
h
y
s
ical
ac
tiv
ity
.
I
n
g
en
er
al,
an
in
cr
ea
s
e
in
B
DNF
co
r
r
elate
s
with
an
in
cr
ea
s
e
i
n
ca
tab
o
lic
n
ee
d
s
an
d
r
ea
ctiv
e
o
x
y
g
en
s
p
ec
ies
(
R
OS)
d
u
e
to
t
h
e
in
cr
ea
s
ed
ac
tiv
ity
o
f
m
ito
ch
o
n
d
r
ia,
wh
ich
m
e
d
i
ates
th
e
ef
f
ec
ts
o
f
p
h
y
s
ical
ac
tiv
ity
[
1
2
]
.
Mu
c
h
is
k
n
o
wn
a
b
o
u
t
th
e
co
r
r
elatio
n
b
etwe
en
p
h
y
s
ical
ac
tiv
ity
an
d
B
DNF.
Ho
wev
er
,
litt
le
is
k
n
o
wn
ab
o
u
t its
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
with
s
ed
en
tar
y
b
e
h
av
io
r
.
B
ased
o
n
th
e
f
in
d
in
g
d
escr
ib
e
d
ab
o
v
e,
it
is
n
ec
ess
ar
y
to
d
eter
m
in
e
th
e
co
r
r
elatio
n
b
etwe
e
n
s
ed
en
tar
y
b
eh
av
io
r
an
d
h
a
b
itu
al
p
h
y
s
ical
ac
tiv
ity
with
co
g
n
itiv
e
f
u
n
ctio
n
,
a
n
x
iety
,
d
ep
r
ess
io
n
,
co
r
tis
o
l,
an
d
b
r
ain
-
d
er
iv
ed
n
eu
r
o
tr
o
p
h
ic
f
ac
to
r
le
v
el
in
m
ed
ical
s
tu
d
en
ts
.
T
h
e
u
r
g
en
cy
o
f
th
is
r
esear
ch
b
ec
au
s
e
m
ed
ical
s
tu
d
en
ts
ar
e
y
o
u
n
g
ad
u
lts
wh
o
will
co
n
tin
u
e
th
eir
liv
es
to
b
ec
o
m
e
d
o
cto
r
s
.
As
d
o
cto
r
s
,
th
ey
m
u
s
t
b
e
m
en
tally
h
ea
lth
y
an
d
h
a
v
e
g
o
o
d
co
g
n
itio
n
.
T
h
e
b
en
ef
it
is
to
k
n
o
w
th
e
p
h
y
s
ical
ac
tiv
ity
lev
el
o
f
s
tu
d
e
n
t
s
,
s
o
th
at
it
ca
n
b
e
ev
id
en
ce
an
d
r
ea
s
o
n
s
to
p
r
ev
e
n
t sed
en
tar
y
liv
in
g
.
2.
M
E
T
H
O
D
T
h
is
cr
o
s
s
-
s
ec
tio
n
al
o
b
s
er
v
ati
o
n
al
s
tu
d
y
,
co
n
d
u
cted
at
th
e
Ph
y
s
io
lo
g
y
L
ab
o
r
ato
r
y
o
f
th
e
Facu
lty
o
f
Me
d
icin
e,
Un
iv
er
s
itas
B
r
awij
ay
a
(
FMUB)
f
u
n
d
ed
b
y
g
r
an
t
f
r
o
m
th
e
N
on
-
T
a
x
S
tate
R
ev
en
u
e
(
Pen
e
r
im
aa
n
Neg
ar
a
B
u
k
an
Pajak
/PNB
P)
o
f
FMUB,
co
n
tr
ac
t
n
u
m
b
e
r
3
9
6
9
.
2
/4
/UN1
0
.
F0
8
/PN/2
0
2
1
,
in
v
o
lv
in
g
m
ed
ical
s
tu
d
en
ts
f
r
o
m
th
e
s
ec
o
n
d
,
th
ir
d
,
an
d
f
o
u
r
t
h
y
ea
r
s
.
Ap
p
r
o
v
al
was
o
b
tain
e
d
f
r
o
m
th
e
FMUB
eth
ics
co
m
m
ittee
(
No
.
2
9
2
/EC/KEPK
-
S1
-
PD/1
0
/2
0
2
1
)
,
an
d
i
n
f
o
r
m
ed
co
n
s
en
t
was
o
b
tain
ed
f
r
o
m
all
p
ar
ti
cip
an
ts
.
T
h
e
s
tu
d
y
tar
g
eted
s
tu
d
en
ts
willin
g
to
u
n
d
er
g
o
d
ir
ec
t sam
p
lin
g
a
n
d
in
te
r
v
iews,
ex
clu
d
in
g
th
o
s
e
with
p
h
y
s
ical
d
is
ab
ilit
ies
af
f
ec
tin
g
m
o
v
em
e
n
t,
C
OVI
D
-
1
9
s
y
m
p
to
m
s
,
d
iag
n
o
s
ed
m
en
tal
d
is
o
r
d
er
s
,
o
r
o
n
g
o
in
g
th
er
ap
y
f
o
r
m
en
tal
o
r
co
g
n
itiv
e
-
f
u
n
ctio
n
-
r
elate
d
d
is
ea
s
es,
an
d
u
s
ed
p
u
r
p
o
s
iv
e
s
am
p
lin
g
to
y
ield
a
m
in
im
u
m
o
f
8
5
p
ar
ticip
an
ts
.
T
h
e
s
tu
d
y
em
p
lo
y
e
d
a
h
o
lis
tic
r
esear
ch
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
in
v
o
lv
in
g
v
a
r
io
u
s
ass
ess
m
en
t
to
o
ls
to
co
m
p
r
eh
e
n
s
iv
ely
e
v
alu
ate
p
ar
t
icip
an
ts
.
T
h
e
Sed
e
n
tar
y
B
eh
a
v
io
r
Qu
esti
o
n
n
air
e
m
ea
s
u
r
ed
th
e
d
u
r
atio
n
o
f
n
in
e
ac
tiv
ities
,
d
is
tin
g
u
is
h
in
g
b
et
wee
n
wee
k
d
a
y
s
an
d
wee
k
e
n
d
s
.
T
h
e
B
ae
ck
e
Hab
itu
al
Ph
y
s
ical
Activ
ity
Qu
esti
o
n
n
air
e
ca
teg
o
r
ize
d
p
ar
ticip
an
ts
in
to
lo
w,
m
o
d
er
ate
,
o
r
h
ig
h
ac
tiv
ity
in
ten
s
ity
b
ase
d
o
n
th
eir
r
esp
o
n
s
es
to
1
6
q
u
esti
o
n
s
ac
r
o
s
s
th
r
ee
d
o
m
ai
n
s
:
wo
r
k
ac
tiv
ities
,
s
p
o
r
ts
ac
tiv
ities
,
an
d
leis
u
r
e
ac
tiv
ities
.
C
o
g
n
itiv
e
f
u
n
ctio
n
was
ass
ess
ed
th
r
o
u
g
h
th
e
m
in
i
-
m
en
tal
s
tate
ex
a
m
in
atio
n
(
MM
SE)
,
w
h
ich
in
clu
d
ed
3
0
q
u
esti
o
n
s
co
v
er
in
g
o
r
ie
n
tatio
n
,
r
eg
is
tr
atio
n
,
atten
tio
n
,
ca
lcu
latio
n
,
m
e
m
o
r
y
,
lan
g
u
a
g
e,
a
n
d
c
o
n
s
tr
u
c
tio
n
.
T
h
e
co
g
n
itiv
e
f
ailu
r
e
q
u
esti
o
n
n
air
e
(
C
FQ)
ev
alu
ated
co
g
n
itiv
e
f
u
n
ctio
n
i
n
th
e
d
o
m
ai
n
s
o
f
p
e
r
ce
p
tio
n
,
m
em
o
r
y
,
an
d
m
o
to
r
f
u
n
ctio
n
s
u
s
in
g
2
5
q
u
esti
o
n
s
,
p
r
o
v
id
i
n
g
in
s
ig
h
ts
in
to
d
aily
c
o
g
n
itiv
e
f
ailu
r
es
o
v
er
th
e
p
ast
s
ix
m
o
n
th
s
.
Me
n
tal
Hea
lth
wer
e
ad
d
r
ess
ed
with
t
h
e
Z
u
n
g
Self
-
R
atin
g
A
n
x
iety
Scale
(
SAS)
an
d
Ham
ilto
n
Dep
r
ess
io
n
R
atin
g
Scale
(
HDRS
)
.
T
h
e
SAS
m
ea
s
u
r
ed
an
x
iety
lev
els
with
2
0
q
u
esti
o
n
s
,
ca
teg
o
r
ized
in
to
n
o
r
m
al,
m
ild
,
m
o
d
e
r
ate,
an
d
s
ev
er
e
an
x
iety
lev
els.
T
h
e
HDR
S,
co
m
p
r
is
in
g
1
7
item
s
,
ca
teg
o
r
ized
d
ep
r
ess
io
n
s
ev
er
ity
in
to
n
o
r
m
al,
m
ild
,
m
o
d
e
r
ate,
an
d
s
ev
er
e
b
a
s
ed
o
n
th
e
r
ep
o
r
te
d
s
y
m
p
to
m
s
in
th
e
p
ast we
ek
.
Ad
d
itio
n
ally
,
c
o
r
tis
o
l
an
d
b
r
a
in
-
d
er
iv
e
d
n
e
u
r
o
tr
o
p
h
ic
f
ac
to
r
(
B
DNF)
lev
els
wer
e
ass
ess
ed
th
r
o
u
g
h
s
aliv
a
s
am
p
les.
C
o
r
tis
o
l
lev
els
wer
e
m
ea
s
u
r
ed
u
s
in
g
th
e
DiaM
etr
a®
C
o
m
p
etitiv
e
I
m
m
u
n
o
e
n
zy
m
atic
C
o
lo
r
im
etr
ic
Me
th
o
d
,
em
p
l
o
y
in
g
an
e
n
zy
m
e
-
lin
k
ed
i
m
m
u
n
o
s
o
r
b
en
t
ass
ay
(
E
L
I
SA
)
tech
n
iq
u
e
th
at
d
eter
m
in
ed
c
o
r
tis
o
l
co
n
ce
n
tr
a
tio
n
b
ased
o
n
co
lo
r
i
n
ten
s
ity
.
B
DNF
lev
els
wer
e
ex
am
in
ed
u
s
in
g
a
s
im
ilar
E
L
I
SA
tech
n
iq
u
e
i
n
v
o
lv
i
n
g
B
DNF
an
tib
o
d
ies,
b
io
tin
y
lated
h
u
m
an
B
DNF
an
tib
o
d
y
,
Stre
p
tav
id
in
-
HR
P,
an
d
a
s
u
b
s
tr
ate
s
o
lu
tio
n
,
with
ab
s
o
r
b
an
ce
m
ea
s
u
r
e
d
at
4
5
0
n
m
.
T
h
is
m
u
ltifa
ce
ted
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
p
r
o
v
id
ed
a
co
m
p
r
eh
e
n
s
iv
e
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
in
g
o
f
p
ar
ticip
a
n
ts
'
p
h
y
s
ical,
co
g
n
i
tiv
e,
an
d
p
s
y
ch
o
lo
g
ical
well
-
b
ein
g
.
No
r
m
ality
test
s
o
f
all
n
u
m
er
ical
d
ata
wer
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
ed
u
s
in
g
th
e
Ko
lm
o
g
o
r
o
v
–
Sm
ir
n
o
v
test
.
Sp
ea
r
m
an
co
r
r
elatio
n
a
n
aly
s
is
was
u
s
ed
to
test
th
e
s
tatis
tical
s
ig
n
if
ican
ce
o
f
th
e
c
o
r
r
elatio
n
b
etwe
en
s
ed
en
tar
y
b
eh
a
v
io
r
a
n
d
h
a
b
itu
al
p
h
y
s
ical
ac
tiv
ity
an
d
t
h
e
co
g
n
itiv
e
f
u
n
ctio
n
,
a
n
x
iety
lev
el
,
d
ep
r
ess
io
n
lev
el,
co
r
tis
o
l le
v
el,
an
d
B
DNF
lev
el
u
s
ed
a
9
5
% c
o
n
f
id
e
n
ce
in
ter
v
al
an
d
a
s
tatis
tical
s
ig
n
if
ican
ce
o
f
p
<
0
.
0
5
.
3.
RE
SU
L
T
S AN
D
D
I
SCU
SS
I
O
N
A
to
tal
o
f
8
6
p
a
r
ticip
an
ts
wer
e
in
clu
d
ed
.
Dem
o
g
r
a
p
h
ic
ch
ar
ac
ter
is
tics
ca
n
b
e
s
ee
n
in
T
ab
le
1
.
T
h
is
s
tu
d
y
in
clu
d
es
b
o
th
s
ex
,
an
d
f
em
ales
o
u
tn
u
m
b
e
r
ed
m
ales
with
ag
e
r
an
g
e
f
r
o
m
1
8
-
2
2
y
ea
r
s
o
ld
.
T
ab
le
2
r
ep
r
esen
ts
th
e
f
r
eq
u
en
cy
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
o
f
s
ix
ca
teg
o
r
ical
v
ar
iab
les
u
s
ed
in
th
is
s
tu
d
y
.
Mo
d
er
ate
h
ab
itu
al
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J
Pu
b
lic
Hea
lth
Sci
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8
8
0
6
C
o
r
r
ela
tio
n
o
f p
h
ysica
l a
ctivity
w
ith
co
g
n
itio
n
a
n
d
men
ta
l
h
ea
lth
in
…
(
Yh
u
s
i Ka
r
in
a
R
is
k
a
w
a
ti)
1619
p
h
y
s
ical
ac
tiv
ity
h
as
th
e
h
ig
h
e
s
t
p
er
ce
n
tag
e
o
f
6
1
.
6
%.
As
m
an
y
as
9
6
.
5
%
o
f
s
u
b
jects
h
av
e
a
n
o
r
m
al
co
g
n
itiv
e
f
u
n
ctio
n
.
Mo
s
t
s
u
b
jects
h
av
e
a
h
ig
h
lev
el
o
f
c
o
g
n
itiv
e
f
ailu
r
e
at
5
2
.
3
%.
T
h
e
n
o
r
m
al
lev
el
o
f
an
x
iety
tak
es
th
e
m
o
s
t
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
p
er
ce
n
tag
e
at
6
2
.
8
%
o
f
all
s
u
b
jects.
Of
f
iv
e
ca
teg
o
r
ies
o
f
d
ep
r
ess
io
n
in
th
is
s
tu
d
y
,
m
ild
d
ep
r
ess
io
n
p
r
e
d
o
m
i
n
ates
an
d
m
ak
es
u
p
t
o
4
6
.
5
%
o
f
all
s
u
b
j
ec
ts
.
Saliv
ar
y
co
r
tis
o
l
is
ca
teg
o
r
ized
in
to
n
o
r
m
al
an
d
lo
w
lev
els.
Mo
s
t o
f
t
h
e
s
u
b
jects h
ad
lo
w
s
aliv
ar
y
co
r
tis
o
l le
v
els.
T
ab
le
1
.
C
h
ar
ac
ter
is
tics
o
f
p
ar
ticip
an
t (
n
=8
6
)
C
h
a
r
a
c
t
e
r
i
s
t
i
c
s
F
r
e
q
u
e
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c
y
P
e
r
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e
n
t
G
e
n
d
e
r
M
a
l
e
37
4
3
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F
e
mal
e
49
5
7
%
A
g
e
18
5
5
.
8
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19
25
2
9
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1
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20
38
4
4
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2
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21
15
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7
.
4
%
22
3
3
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5
%
Y
e
a
r
o
f
st
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d
y
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n
me
d
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l
s
c
h
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30
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4
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9
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3
43
5
0
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0
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4
13
1
5
.
1
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T
ab
le
2
.
Dis
tr
ib
u
tio
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h
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l a
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n
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g
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itiv
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r
e,
a
n
x
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d
e
p
r
ess
io
n
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d
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r
tis
o
l le
v
el
(
n
=8
6
)
V
a
r
i
a
b
l
e
s
F
r
e
q
u
e
n
c
y
P
e
r
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e
n
t
H
a
b
i
t
u
a
l
p
h
y
si
c
a
l
a
c
t
i
v
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t
y
Lo
w
M
o
d
e
r
a
t
e
H
i
g
h
11
1
2
.
8
%
53
6
1
.
6
%
22
2
5
.
6
%
C
o
g
n
i
t
i
v
e
f
u
n
c
t
i
o
n
N
o
r
mal
83
9
6
.
5
%
S
u
sp
i
c
i
o
u
s
o
f
c
o
g
n
i
t
i
v
e
I
mp
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i
r
men
t
3
3
.
5
%
C
o
g
n
i
t
i
v
e
f
a
i
l
u
r
e
Lo
w
37
4
3
.
0
%
H
i
g
h
49
5
7
.
0
%
A
n
x
i
e
t
y
N
o
r
mal
54
6
2
.
8
%
M
i
l
d
26
3
0
.
2
%
M
o
d
e
r
a
t
e
5
5
.
8
%
S
e
v
e
r
e
1
1
.
2
%
D
e
p
r
e
ss
i
o
n
N
o
r
mal
22
2
5
.
6
%
M
i
l
d
40
4
6
.
5
%
M
o
d
e
r
a
t
e
17
1
9
.
8
%
S
e
v
e
r
e
2
2
.
3
%
V
e
r
y
s
e
v
e
r
e
5
5
.
8
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C
o
r
t
i
s
o
l
N
o
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mal
32
3
7
.
2
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w
54
6
2
.
8
%
T
h
e
v
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o
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tar
y
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eh
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r
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t,
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r
tis
o
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d
B
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e
s
h
o
wn
i
n
T
ab
le
3
.
T
h
e
av
er
ag
e
tim
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0
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5
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h
e
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1
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Sed
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V
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M
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l
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m
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d
l
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5
0
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3
5
B
D
N
F
(
n
g
/
m
l
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1
.
7
3
±
2
.
9
6
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
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co
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Sp
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[
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2
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p
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2
2
3
]
; [
p
=
0
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7
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]
)
.
T
ab
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4
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ev
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a
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co
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co
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nitiv
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f
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ilu
re
T
h
is
s
tu
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y
'
s
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lts
in
d
icate
n
o
co
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r
elatio
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b
etwe
en
h
a
b
itu
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p
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ac
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ed
en
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eh
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io
r
with
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itiv
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n
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T
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es
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e
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u
p
p
o
r
te
d
b
y
r
esear
ch
o
n
ad
o
lescen
t
[
1
3
]
–
[
1
5
]
an
d
ad
u
lt
[
1
6
]
,
[
1
7
]
s
u
b
jects
wh
er
e
th
er
e
is
n
o
ass
o
ciatio
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etwe
en
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ty
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d
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itiv
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u
n
ctio
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.
I
t
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o
t
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elate
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ec
au
s
e
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n
iti
v
e
f
u
n
ctio
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ca
n
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in
f
l
u
en
ce
d
b
y
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ev
er
al
f
ac
to
r
s
o
th
e
r
th
a
n
p
h
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ac
tiv
ity
,
s
u
ch
as a
g
e,
g
en
etics,
s
m
o
k
in
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ab
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,
p
h
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s
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en
tal
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s
,
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lack
o
f
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s
u
p
p
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t.
I
n
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r
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o
u
s
s
tu
d
ies
o
n
ad
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ce
n
t
s
u
b
jects,
m
ea
s
u
r
em
en
ts
o
f
co
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itiv
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f
u
n
ctio
n
u
s
ed
in
s
tr
u
m
en
ts
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v
er
in
g
v
ar
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u
s
co
g
n
itiv
e
ar
ea
s
s
u
ch
as
in
h
ib
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r
y
co
n
tr
o
l,
p
lan
n
in
g
,
a
n
d
co
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n
itiv
e
f
le
x
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.
W
h
ile
f
o
r
s
ed
en
tar
y
b
e
h
av
io
r
,
an
ac
ce
le
r
o
m
eter
was
u
s
ed
[
1
8
]
.
Alth
o
u
g
h
th
e
ac
ce
ler
o
m
eter
m
ea
s
u
r
es
s
ed
en
tar
y
tim
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o
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jectiv
ely
,
it
ca
n
n
o
t
d
is
tin
g
u
is
h
th
e
t
y
p
e
o
f
s
ed
en
tar
y
b
eh
av
io
r
.
T
h
e
in
ab
ilit
y
o
f
th
e
ac
ce
ler
o
m
eter
t
o
d
is
tin
g
u
is
h
th
e
ty
p
e
o
f
s
ed
e
n
tar
y
b
eh
a
v
io
r
m
a
k
es
it
p
o
s
s
ib
le
to
f
in
d
n
o
ass
o
ciatio
n
b
etwe
en
s
ed
en
tar
y
b
eh
av
io
r
a
n
d
co
g
n
itiv
e
f
u
n
ct
io
n
,
wh
er
e
ch
ild
r
en
an
d
a
d
o
lescen
ts
ca
n
en
g
ag
e
in
s
ed
en
tar
y
b
eh
a
v
io
r
th
at
b
en
ef
its
co
g
n
itiv
e
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t,
s
u
ch
as r
ea
d
in
g
an
d
lea
r
n
in
g
[
1
9
]
.
R
esear
ch
o
n
ad
u
lt
s
u
b
jects
was
s
im
ilar
to
th
at
o
f
ch
ild
r
en
an
d
a
d
o
lescen
ts
,
ex
ce
p
t
t
h
at
in
ad
u
lt
s
u
b
jects,
a
q
u
esti
o
n
n
air
e
was
ad
d
ed
to
m
ea
s
u
r
e
s
ed
en
tar
y
b
eh
av
io
r
o
t
h
er
th
an
u
s
in
g
o
n
l
y
th
e
ac
ce
ler
o
m
eter
[
1
6
]
,
[
1
7
]
.
Ho
wev
er
,
th
e
I
n
ter
n
atio
n
al
p
h
y
s
ical
ac
tiv
i
ty
q
u
esti
o
n
n
air
e,
p
h
y
s
ical
ac
tiv
ity
r
ea
d
in
ess
q
u
esti
o
n
n
air
e,
o
cc
u
p
atio
n
al
s
i
ttin
g
an
d
p
h
y
s
ical
ac
tiv
ity
q
u
esti
o
n
n
air
e
u
s
ed
in
p
r
e
v
io
u
s
s
tu
d
ies
co
u
ld
n
o
t
d
is
tin
g
u
is
h
th
e
ty
p
e
o
f
s
ed
e
n
tar
y
b
e
h
av
io
r
in
r
esear
ch
s
u
b
je
cts
s
u
ch
as
th
e
Sed
e
n
tar
y
B
eh
av
io
r
Qu
esti
o
n
n
air
e
[
2
0
]
.
No
n
eth
eless
,
o
th
er
s
tu
d
ies f
o
u
n
d
a
p
o
s
itiv
e
an
d
n
eg
ati
v
e
ass
o
ciatio
n
b
etwe
en
s
ed
en
tar
y
b
e
h
av
io
r
an
d
co
g
n
itiv
e
f
u
n
ctio
n
[
2
1
]
.
T
h
e
d
if
f
er
en
ce
is
p
o
s
s
ib
le
b
ec
au
s
e
t
h
is
r
esear
ch
in
s
tr
u
m
en
t
ca
n
n
o
t
m
ea
s
u
r
e
co
g
n
itiv
e
ar
ea
s
in
d
ep
th
an
d
s
p
ec
if
ically
,
s
o
it
ca
n
n
o
t
d
eter
m
in
e
th
e
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
b
etwe
en
v
ar
io
u
s
s
ed
en
tar
y
b
eh
av
i
o
r
d
o
m
ain
s
an
d
o
n
e
ar
ea
o
f
co
g
n
itiv
e
f
u
n
ctio
n
.
I
t
is
s
u
p
p
o
r
ted
b
y
p
r
ev
i
o
u
s
r
esear
ch
,
wh
ich
s
h
o
ws
th
at
th
e
d
o
m
ain
o
f
s
ed
en
tar
y
b
eh
a
v
io
r
th
at
r
eq
u
ir
es
co
g
n
itio
n
w
ill
h
av
e
a
p
o
s
itiv
e
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
with
co
g
n
itiv
e
f
u
n
ctio
n
.
Ho
wev
er
th
e
d
o
m
ain
an
d
to
tal
o
f
th
is
s
ed
en
tar
y
b
eh
av
io
r
ca
n
d
if
f
er
b
etwe
en
p
o
p
u
l
atio
n
s
[
2
1
]
,
[
2
2
]
.
Me
an
wh
ile,
d
ec
r
ea
s
ed
co
g
n
i
tiv
e
f
u
n
ctio
n
is
ass
o
ciate
d
with
s
ed
en
tar
y
b
eh
a
v
io
r
an
d
ch
a
n
g
es
g
r
ad
u
ally
in
a
d
u
lth
o
o
d
,
wh
ic
h
ca
n
b
e
d
etec
ted
at
6
0
[
2
3
]
–
[
2
5
]
.
W
h
ich
is
r
esp
o
n
s
ib
le
f
o
r
th
e
n
e
g
ativ
e
ass
o
ciatio
n
o
f
B
DNF
with
th
e
s
ed
en
tar
y
lev
el
a
n
d
th
e
c
h
an
g
es
th
at
o
cc
u
r
at
th
e
ce
llu
lar
an
d
s
y
s
tem
ic
lev
els
[
2
6
]
,
[
2
7
]
.
T
h
is
is
s
u
p
p
o
r
ted
b
y
o
th
er
f
in
d
i
n
g
s
,
wh
ich
s
tate
th
at
h
ig
h
er
s
ed
en
ta
r
y
tim
e
is
ass
o
ciate
d
with
h
y
p
er
in
te
n
s
ity
o
f
wh
ite
m
atter
v
o
lu
m
e.
I
n
co
n
t
r
ast,
b
io
m
ar
k
er
s
ar
e
ass
o
ciate
d
with
a
n
in
cr
ea
s
ed
r
is
k
o
f
co
g
n
itiv
e
d
ec
lin
e
[
2
8
]
.
I
t
was
f
o
u
n
d
th
at
th
e
r
e
was
a
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
an
d
u
n
id
ir
ec
tio
n
al
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
b
etwe
en
s
ed
en
tar
y
b
eh
av
i
o
r
an
d
th
e
lev
el
o
f
co
g
n
itiv
e
f
ailu
r
e.
B
ased
o
n
p
r
e
v
io
u
s
s
tu
d
ies,
th
e
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
b
etwe
en
t
h
e
t
wo
v
ar
iab
les v
ar
ies
[
2
5
]
,
[
2
9
]
.
On
e
s
y
s
tem
atic
r
ev
iew
co
n
clu
d
ed
t
h
at
s
ed
en
t
ar
y
b
e
h
av
io
r
is
ass
o
ciate
d
w
ith
lo
wer
c
o
g
n
itiv
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
.
On
e
s
tu
d
y
in
t
h
at
s
y
s
tem
atic
r
ev
iew
o
n
ly
f
o
u
n
d
a
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
r
elatio
n
s
h
i
p
b
etwe
en
th
e
two
v
ar
iab
les
in
s
elf
-
r
ep
o
r
t
s
ed
en
tar
y
tim
e
m
ea
s
u
r
em
en
ts
b
u
t
n
o
t
in
o
b
jectiv
e
m
ea
s
u
r
em
en
ts
[
2
5
]
.
T
h
e
s
am
e
r
esu
lts
wer
e
f
o
u
n
d
in
o
th
er
s
tu
d
ies.
On
e
s
tu
d
y
f
o
u
n
d
n
o
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
b
etwe
en
o
v
er
all
s
ed
en
tar
y
tim
e
an
d
p
er
ce
iv
ed
co
g
n
itiv
e
a
b
ilit
y
.
H
o
wev
er
,
wh
en
v
iewe
d
at
th
e
with
in
-
p
er
s
o
n
lev
el,
th
e
r
esu
lts
v
ar
ied
.
Self
-
r
ep
o
r
t
s
ed
en
tar
y
tim
e
m
ea
s
u
r
em
en
t
s
s
h
o
w
a
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
n
eg
ati
v
e
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
,
wh
ile
m
ea
s
u
r
em
en
ts
with
t
h
e
ac
ce
ler
o
m
eter
s
h
o
w
n
o
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
[
3
0
]
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J
Pu
b
lic
Hea
lth
Sci
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8
8
0
6
C
o
r
r
ela
tio
n
o
f p
h
ysica
l a
ctivity
w
ith
co
g
n
itio
n
a
n
d
men
ta
l
h
ea
lth
in
…
(
Yh
u
s
i Ka
r
in
a
R
is
k
a
w
a
ti)
1621
I
n
th
is
s
tu
d
y
,
n
o
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
r
e
latio
n
s
h
ip
was
f
o
u
n
d
b
etwe
en
h
ab
itu
al
p
h
y
s
ical
ac
tiv
ity
an
d
th
e
lev
el
o
f
co
g
n
itiv
e
f
ailu
r
e.
Similar
r
esu
lts
wer
e
also
f
o
u
n
d
in
p
r
ev
io
u
s
s
tu
d
ies.
B
ased
o
n
r
esear
c
h
b
y
L
o
p
r
in
zi
[
3
1
]
,
it
was
f
o
u
n
d
th
at
p
h
y
s
ical
ac
tiv
ity
h
as
n
o
d
ir
ec
t
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
with
b
o
th
p
r
o
s
p
ec
tiv
e
an
d
r
et
r
o
s
p
ec
tiv
e
m
em
o
r
y
b
u
t
th
at
th
er
e
is
a
p
o
s
s
ib
ilit
y
o
f
an
i
n
d
ir
ec
t
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
b
etwe
en
v
ar
iab
les
th
r
o
u
g
h
th
eir
in
f
lu
en
ce
o
n
d
ep
r
ess
iv
e
s
y
m
p
to
m
s
.
Mo
s
t
s
u
b
jects
in
th
is
s
tu
d
y
also
h
av
e
d
ep
r
ess
io
n
wh
ich
c
an
af
f
ec
t
co
g
n
itiv
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
[
3
2
]
.
A
p
o
s
s
ib
le
ex
p
lan
atio
n
is
th
at
d
ep
r
ess
ed
p
eo
p
le
h
av
e
ch
r
o
n
ic
n
eu
r
o
in
f
l
am
m
atio
n
tr
i
g
g
er
e
d
b
y
v
a
r
io
u
s
p
r
o
-
in
f
lam
m
ato
r
y
cy
to
k
in
es
an
d
o
x
id
ativ
e
s
tr
ess
.
Neu
r
o
in
f
lam
m
atio
n
ca
n
ca
u
s
e
d
am
ag
e
to
d
eo
x
y
r
ib
o
n
u
cleic
ac
id
(
DNA
)
,
r
ib
o
n
u
cleic
ac
id
(
R
NA
)
,
lip
id
s
,
p
r
o
tein
s
,
an
d
s
y
n
ap
s
es
in
v
a
r
io
u
s
b
r
ain
r
eg
io
n
s
[
3
3
]
.
3
.
2
.
M
ent
a
l
hea
lt
h:
a
nx
iet
y
a
nd
depres
s
io
n
T
h
is
s
tu
d
y
'
s
r
esu
lts
in
d
icate
a
co
r
r
elatio
n
b
etwe
en
s
ed
e
n
tar
y
b
e
h
av
io
r
an
d
an
x
iety
in
m
ed
ical
s
tu
d
en
ts
.
T
h
is
r
esu
lt
f
o
llo
ws
th
e
f
in
d
in
g
s
o
f
o
th
er
s
tu
d
ies
wh
ich
s
h
o
w
a
r
elatio
n
s
h
i
p
.
T
h
is
f
in
d
in
g
is
s
im
ilar
t
o
a
s
tu
d
y
co
n
d
u
cte
d
b
y
W
an
g
e
t
a
l.
[
3
4
]
,
wh
o
f
o
u
n
d
s
ed
e
n
tar
y
b
eh
a
v
io
r
t
o
b
e
s
ig
n
if
ican
tly
ass
o
ciate
d
with
an
in
cr
ea
s
ed
r
is
k
o
f
an
x
iety
s
y
m
p
to
m
s
am
o
n
g
y
o
u
n
g
I
n
d
o
n
esian
s
.
Ho
wev
er
,
a
s
tu
d
y
b
y
W
an
g
et
a
l.
[
3
5
]
f
o
u
n
d
n
o
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
b
etwe
en
s
ed
en
tar
y
b
eh
a
v
io
r
a
n
d
an
x
iety
.
Ps
y
ch
o
lo
g
ical
s
tr
ess
af
f
ec
ts
v
ar
io
u
s
p
s
y
ch
iatr
ic
co
n
d
itio
n
s
,
in
clu
d
in
g
an
x
iety
a
n
d
s
tr
ess
-
r
elate
d
d
is
o
r
d
er
s
.
Stre
s
s
o
r
s
ca
n
ac
tiv
a
te
th
e
h
y
p
o
th
alam
u
s
–
p
itu
itar
y
–
ad
r
en
al
(
HPA
)
ax
is
[
3
6
]
.
T
h
e
HPA
ax
i
s
ca
u
s
es
an
in
cr
ea
s
e
in
co
r
tis
o
l
s
ec
r
etio
n
in
th
e
a
d
r
en
al
co
r
tex
.
I
t
th
en
ca
u
s
es
an
in
cr
ea
s
e
in
s
aliv
ar
y
co
r
tis
o
l.
W
h
e
n
th
is
h
ap
p
en
s
,
in
d
iv
id
u
als ca
n
ex
p
er
ien
ce
in
cr
e
ased
an
x
iety
le
v
els
[
3
7
]
.
An
x
iety
o
cc
u
r
s
co
n
c
o
m
itan
tly
with
th
e
ac
tiv
atio
n
o
f
th
e
s
tr
ess
r
esp
o
n
s
e
th
at
is
n
o
t
an
ticip
ated
o
r
p
r
o
lo
n
g
e
d
in
th
e
HPA
ax
is
.
T
h
is
r
esp
o
n
s
e
ca
u
s
e
s
h
y
p
er
v
ig
ilan
ce
,
f
ea
r
,
an
d
s
y
m
p
ath
etic
d
y
s
r
eg
u
latio
n
[
3
8
]
.
A
s
tu
d
y
s
h
o
ws
th
at
r
eg
u
la
r
p
h
y
s
ical
ac
tiv
ity
d
ec
r
ea
s
es
HPA
ax
is
r
ea
ctiv
it
y
.
Ph
y
s
ical
ac
tiv
ity
alter
s
th
e
r
elea
s
e
o
f
co
r
tico
tr
o
p
in
-
r
ele
asin
g
f
ac
to
r
(
C
R
F)
f
r
o
m
th
e
h
y
p
o
th
alam
u
s
an
d
a
d
r
en
o
c
o
r
tico
tr
o
p
ic
h
o
r
m
o
n
e
(
AC
T
H)
f
r
o
m
th
e
an
ter
io
r
p
itu
itar
y
[
3
9
]
.
I
t
s
h
o
ws
th
at
p
h
y
s
ical
ac
tiv
ity
ca
u
s
es
c
h
an
g
es
in
th
e
HPA
ax
is
wh
ic
h
af
f
ec
ts
s
tr
ess
an
d
a
n
x
iety
r
ea
c
tiv
ity
in
h
u
m
an
s
s
o
th
at
it
ca
n
ca
u
s
e
an
x
io
ly
tic
ef
f
ec
ts
.
T
h
is
ex
p
lan
atio
n
s
u
g
g
ests
th
at
m
ed
ical
s
tu
d
en
ts
'
r
eg
u
lar
p
h
y
s
ical
ac
tiv
ity
o
r
lo
w
lev
els
o
f
s
ed
en
tar
y
b
eh
av
io
r
ca
n
r
ed
u
ce
an
x
iety
.
T
h
is
s
tu
d
y
p
r
o
v
es
th
at
th
er
e
is
a
c
o
r
r
elatio
n
b
etwe
en
s
ed
en
tar
y
b
e
h
av
io
r
an
d
an
x
iety
.
Ho
wev
er
,
th
e
co
r
r
elatio
n
b
etwe
en
h
ab
itu
al
p
h
y
s
ical
ac
ti
v
ity
an
d
an
x
iety
in
th
is
s
tu
d
y
is
u
n
r
elate
d
,
p
o
s
s
ib
ly
b
ec
au
s
e
th
e
etio
lo
g
y
o
f
an
x
iety
is
m
u
ltifa
cto
r
ial
(
s
tr
ess
,
p
h
y
s
ical
co
n
d
itio
n
,
g
en
etics,
an
d
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
tal
f
a
cto
r
s
)
.
T
h
is
s
tu
d
y
'
s
r
esu
lts
in
d
icate
a
co
r
r
elatio
n
b
etwe
en
h
a
b
itu
al
p
h
y
s
ical
ac
tiv
ity
an
d
s
ed
en
tar
y
b
eh
av
io
r
wit
h
d
ep
r
ess
io
n
.
Fro
m
a
to
tal
o
f
8
6
r
esp
o
n
d
e
n
ts
,
th
e
m
ajo
r
ity
o
f
r
esp
o
n
d
en
ts
h
ad
a
m
ild
lev
el
o
f
d
ep
r
ess
io
n
,
wh
ich
was
4
6
.
5
%.
Als
h
ah
r
an
i
et
a
l.
[
4
0
]
d
escr
ib
ed
th
at
m
e
d
ical
s
tu
d
en
ts
h
av
e
a
h
ig
h
er
p
r
ev
ale
n
ce
o
f
d
ep
r
ess
io
n
.
I
t
is
ev
id
en
t
f
r
o
m
th
e
p
r
ev
alen
ce
o
f
d
ep
r
ess
io
n
am
o
n
g
m
e
d
ical
s
tu
d
en
ts
.
Me
d
ical
s
tu
d
en
ts
h
a
v
e
th
e
p
o
ten
tial
to
ex
p
er
ien
ce
d
ep
r
ess
io
n
d
u
e
to
a
h
ig
h
s
tu
d
y
l
o
ad
,
a
d
e
n
s
e
cu
r
r
icu
lu
m
a
n
d
th
e
o
b
lig
atio
n
t
o
d
o
ass
ig
n
m
en
ts
o
r
o
u
ts
id
e
o
f
lectu
r
es,
s
u
ch
as
s
tu
d
en
t
ac
tiv
ities
wh
ich
ca
n
b
e
a
tr
ig
g
er
f
ac
to
r
f
o
r
th
e
em
er
g
en
ce
o
f
d
ep
r
ess
io
n
i
n
m
ed
ical
s
tu
d
en
ts
.
B
ased
o
n
f
u
r
th
er
a
n
aly
s
is
,
th
e
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
b
etwe
en
h
a
b
itu
al
p
h
y
s
ical
ac
tiv
ity
an
d
d
e
p
r
ess
io
n
lev
els
was
ex
am
in
ed
th
r
o
u
g
h
th
e
Sp
ea
r
m
an
co
r
r
elatio
n
test
with
co
r
r
elatio
n
v
alu
e
was
-
0
.
2
4
1
,
s
o
it
ca
n
b
e
co
n
clu
d
ed
th
at
h
ab
itu
al
p
h
y
s
ical
ac
tiv
ity
h
as
a
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
n
eg
ativ
e
(
in
v
er
s
e)
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
to
th
e
l
ev
el
o
f
d
ep
r
ess
io
n
.
Ma
n
y
f
ac
to
r
s
in
f
lu
en
ce
t
h
e
o
n
s
et
o
f
d
ep
r
ess
io
n
in
m
ed
ica
l
s
tu
d
en
ts
,
s
u
ch
as
g
en
d
er
,
s
o
cio
-
ec
o
n
o
m
ic
an
d
cu
ltu
r
al
f
ac
to
r
s
,
an
d
a
d
en
s
e
m
ed
ical
ed
u
ca
tio
n
cu
r
r
icu
l
u
m
.
W
o
m
en
ar
e
two
tim
es
m
o
r
e
af
f
ec
ted
b
y
d
ep
r
ess
io
n
th
an
m
e
n
d
u
e
t
o
h
o
r
m
o
n
al
d
if
f
e
r
en
ce
s
.
So
ci
o
-
ec
o
n
o
m
ic
an
d
c
u
ltu
r
al
f
ac
t
o
r
s
in
clu
d
e
a
n
ew
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
t,
n
ew
f
r
ien
d
s
,
a
n
d
h
ig
h
er
tu
itio
n
f
ee
s
th
an
o
th
er
f
ac
u
lties
.
T
h
e
m
ed
ical
cu
r
r
icu
lu
m
u
s
es
a
co
m
p
eten
cy
-
b
ased
c
u
r
r
icu
lu
m
with
a
p
r
o
b
lem
b
ase
lear
n
in
g
a
p
p
r
o
ac
h
,
w
h
ich
r
e
q
u
ir
es
s
tu
d
en
ts
to
s
tu
d
y
in
d
ep
en
d
en
tly
,
with
r
e
d
u
ctio
n
in
s
tu
d
y
tim
e
[
4
0
]
.
R
esear
ch
b
y
Had
ee
l H
alaw
eh
at
th
e
Al
-
Qu
d
s
Un
iv
er
s
ity
o
f
P
alestin
e
s
h
o
ws th
at
p
h
y
s
ical
ac
tiv
ity
ca
n
h
elp
p
r
ev
en
t
a
d
ec
r
ea
s
e
in
H
ea
lth
-
R
elate
d
Q
u
ality
o
f
L
if
e
(
HR
Qo
L
)
.
Ad
u
lt
in
d
iv
id
u
als
wh
o
ar
e
p
h
y
s
ically
ac
tiv
e
h
av
e
th
e
o
p
p
o
r
tu
n
ity
ab
le
to
ca
r
r
y
o
u
t
d
aily
f
u
n
ct
io
n
al
ac
tiv
ities
b
etter
an
d
m
o
r
e
in
teg
r
ated
[
4
1
]
.
Ma
h
in
d
r
u
'
s
r
esear
ch
r
ev
iew
a
ls
o
s
h
o
ws
th
at
p
h
y
s
ical
ac
tiv
ity
p
o
s
itiv
ely
im
p
ac
ts
an
d
b
en
ef
its
m
en
tal
h
ea
lth
.
L
o
w
p
h
y
s
ical
ac
tiv
ity
lev
el
in
ch
ild
r
en
is
ass
o
ciate
d
with
an
in
cr
ea
s
ed
r
is
k
o
f
d
ep
r
ess
io
n
as
ad
u
lts
[
4
2
]
.
3
.
3
.
Co
r
t
is
o
l a
nd
B
DNF
l
ev
el
T
h
is
s
tu
d
y
'
s
r
esu
lts
in
d
icate
n
o
co
r
r
elatio
n
b
etwe
en
h
a
b
itu
al
p
h
y
s
ical
ac
tiv
ity
an
d
s
ed
en
tar
y
b
eh
av
io
r
o
f
m
ed
ical
s
tu
d
en
ts
with
s
aliv
ar
y
co
r
tis
o
l
lev
els.
T
h
is
f
in
d
in
g
is
s
im
ilar
to
a
s
tu
d
y
co
n
d
u
cte
d
by
T
ey
ch
e
n
n
e
et
a
l.
[
4
3
]
,
wh
ich
s
tated
th
at
th
er
e
was
n
o
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
b
etwe
en
s
ed
e
n
tar
y
b
eh
a
v
io
r
an
d
s
aliv
ar
y
co
r
tis
o
l
lev
els.
Me
an
wh
ile,
R
o
b
er
ts
[
4
4
]
s
h
o
wed
th
at
s
aliv
ar
y
co
r
tis
o
l
lev
els
d
if
f
e
r
ed
b
etwe
en
g
r
o
u
p
s
with
lo
w
co
r
tis
o
l
lev
els
in
h
ig
h
-
ac
tiv
ity
an
d
h
ig
h
in
l
o
w
-
ac
tiv
ity
g
r
o
u
p
s
.
T
h
e
p
o
s
s
ib
le
r
ea
s
o
n
f
o
r
n
o
co
r
r
elatio
n
b
etwe
en
th
ese
v
ar
iab
les
is
th
at
co
r
tis
o
l
f
lu
ctu
at
es
d
u
e
to
th
e
cir
ca
d
ian
cy
cle.
R
esear
ch
s
h
o
ws
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
2
5
2
-
8
8
0
6
I
n
t J Pu
b
lic
Hea
lth
Sci
,
Vo
l.
13
,
No
.
4
,
Dec
em
b
er
20
24
:
1
61
7
-
1
62
5
1622
co
r
tis
o
l
lev
els
ca
n
in
d
icate
s
tr
ess
lev
els.
Me
d
ical
s
tu
d
en
ts
o
f
ten
d
ea
l
with
ac
ad
em
ic
s
t
r
ess
[
4
5
]
.
So
,
th
is
ex
p
o
s
u
r
e
ca
n
af
f
ec
t
c
o
r
tis
o
l le
v
els as we
ll.
B
ased
o
n
th
e
r
esu
lts
o
f
Sp
ea
r
m
an
'
s
an
aly
s
is
,
i
t
was
f
o
u
n
d
th
at
th
er
e
was
n
o
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
b
etwe
en
th
e
lev
el
o
f
h
ab
itu
al
p
h
y
s
ical
ac
tiv
ity
an
d
s
aliv
ar
y
B
DNF
lev
els.
T
h
e
s
tu
d
y
co
n
d
u
cted
b
y
Mo
r
eir
a
et
a
l.
also
f
o
u
n
d
n
o
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
co
r
r
elatio
n
b
etwe
en
t
h
e
two
v
ar
ia
b
les,
an
d
th
e
b
asal
s
aliv
ar
y
B
DNF
lev
els
o
f
ath
letes
wer
e
h
ig
h
er
th
an
s
ed
e
n
tar
y
i
n
d
iv
id
u
als
[
4
6
]
.
I
n
co
m
p
ar
is
o
n
,
Po
r
till
a
et
a
l.
[
4
7
]
f
o
u
n
d
a
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
co
r
r
elatio
n
b
etwe
en
v
ar
iab
les
with
lo
wer
b
asal
s
er
u
m
B
DNF
lev
els
in
p
eo
p
le
w
h
o
r
o
u
tin
ely
d
o
p
h
y
s
ical
ac
tiv
ity
.
T
h
e
d
if
f
er
en
ce
s
in
s
tu
d
y
r
esu
lts
co
u
ld
b
e
d
u
e
to
v
ar
io
u
s
f
ac
t
o
r
s
,
s
u
ch
as
v
ar
iatio
n
s
in
th
e
s
in
g
le
n
u
cleo
tid
e
p
o
ly
m
o
r
p
h
is
m
(
SNP)
an
d
n
eu
r
o
p
s
y
ch
iatr
ic
s
tates
b
etwe
en
in
d
i
v
id
u
als,
d
u
r
atio
n
,
tim
in
g
,
a
n
d
s
am
p
lin
g
tech
n
iq
u
e
[
4
8
]
.
W
h
ile
it
was
co
n
clu
d
e
d
t
h
at
t
h
er
e
was
n
o
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
b
et
wee
n
s
ed
en
tar
y
b
e
h
av
io
r
an
d
p
er
ip
h
er
al
B
DNF
lev
els
in
th
e
s
tu
d
y
s
u
b
jects.
T
h
is
s
tu
d
y
s
u
p
p
o
r
ted
b
y
o
th
er
s
tu
d
ies
co
n
d
u
cte
d
b
y
Ullr
ich
et
a
l.
[
4
9
]
,
Seg
u
n
d
o
et
a
l.
[
5
0
]
,
Mo
r
a
-
Go
n
za
lez
et
a
l.
[
1
4
]
,
wh
er
e
n
o
as
s
o
ciatio
n
was
f
o
u
n
d
b
etwe
en
s
ed
en
tar
y
b
eh
av
io
r
an
d
B
DNF
lev
els
in
ch
il
d
r
en
an
d
y
o
u
n
g
a
d
u
lt
s
u
b
jects.
H
o
wev
er
,
wh
e
n
m
ea
s
u
r
i
n
g
s
ed
e
n
tar
y
b
e
h
av
io
r
u
s
in
g
an
ac
ce
ler
o
m
eter
,
an
ass
o
ciatio
n
was
f
o
u
n
d
b
etwe
en
s
ed
en
t
ar
y
b
e
h
av
io
r
an
d
p
er
ip
h
er
al
B
DNF
lev
els,
wh
er
e
n
eg
ativ
e
ass
o
ciatio
n
s
wer
e
f
o
u
n
d
in
wo
m
en
.
I
n
co
n
tr
ast,
p
o
s
itiv
e
ass
o
ciatio
n
s
wer
e
f
o
u
n
d
in
m
en
.
I
n
ad
d
itio
n
,
th
e
ty
p
e
o
f
s
ed
en
ta
r
y
b
eh
a
v
io
r
h
as
m
o
r
e
in
f
lu
en
ce
o
n
h
e
alth
p
r
o
b
lem
s
an
d
f
u
r
th
e
r
s
tu
d
ies
ar
e
n
ee
d
ed
t
o
ex
p
lain
th
e
p
o
ten
tial e
f
f
ec
t
o
f
s
ed
en
tar
y
b
e
h
av
io
r
o
n
p
er
ip
h
e
r
al
B
DNF
lev
els
[
5
0
]
.
Sin
g
le
-
tim
e
co
m
p
letio
n
o
f
q
u
esti
o
n
n
air
es
m
ay
in
tr
o
d
u
ce
r
ec
all
b
ias,
d
esp
ite
t
h
e
q
u
esti
o
n
n
air
e'
s
ass
es
s
ed
r
eliab
ilit
y
,
v
alid
ity
,
an
d
ea
s
e
o
f
ad
m
in
is
tr
atio
n
.
S
aliv
ar
y
co
r
tis
o
l
an
d
B
DNF
lev
els
wer
e
m
ea
s
u
r
ed
o
n
ly
o
n
ce
,
o
v
e
r
lo
o
k
i
n
g
p
o
ten
tial
v
ar
iatio
n
s
in
s
ec
r
etio
n
r
h
y
th
m
s
.
T
h
is
s
tu
d
y
lack
s
co
n
t
r
o
l
o
v
er
v
ar
iab
les
in
f
lu
en
cin
g
th
e
o
u
tco
m
es,
p
o
s
in
g
a
s
ig
n
if
ican
t lim
itatio
n
.
4.
CO
NCLU
SI
O
N
T
h
is
s
tu
d
y
d
is
co
v
er
ed
th
at
m
ed
ical
s
tu
d
en
ts
ex
h
ib
it
m
o
d
er
ate
p
h
y
s
ical
ac
tiv
ity
an
d
h
i
g
h
s
ed
en
tar
y
b
eh
av
io
r
f
o
r
8
2
.
7
h
o
u
r
s
wee
k
ly
.
Desp
ite
th
e
k
n
o
wn
n
eg
a
tiv
e
im
p
ac
t
o
f
h
ig
h
s
ed
en
tar
y
b
eh
av
io
r
a
n
d
lo
w
p
h
y
s
ical
ac
tiv
ity
o
n
co
g
n
itiv
e
f
u
n
ctio
n
,
th
e
s
u
b
jects
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ated
g
o
o
d
c
o
g
n
itiv
e
f
u
n
ctio
n
.
Su
r
p
r
is
in
g
ly
,
s
ed
en
tar
y
a
n
d
p
h
y
s
ical
ac
tiv
it
y
wer
e
n
o
t
ass
o
ciate
d
with
s
a
liv
ar
y
c
o
r
tis
o
l
an
d
B
DNF,
ch
allen
g
in
g
p
r
ev
i
o
u
s
ex
p
ec
tatio
n
s
.
T
h
e
s
tu
d
y
em
p
h
asizes
th
at
p
h
y
s
ical
ac
tiv
ity
alo
n
e
d
o
esn
'
t
s
o
lely
in
f
lu
en
ce
c
o
r
tis
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1623
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9
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3
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.
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.
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[
1
9
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A
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[
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2
4
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T.
A
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[
3
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[
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H
I
E
S O
F
AUTH
O
RS
Yhu
si
K
a
r
in
a
Riska
w
a
ti
se
rv
e
s
a
s
a
d
e
d
ica
ted
lec
tu
re
r
wh
o
i
n
it
iate
d
th
e
c
o
n
c
e
p
t
f
o
r
th
is
re
se
a
rc
h
p
ro
jec
t.
Tak
in
g
o
n
a
m
u
lt
ifac
e
ted
ro
le,
sh
e
a
p
p
li
e
d
fo
r
g
ra
n
ts,
p
ro
v
id
e
d
c
o
m
p
re
h
e
n
si
v
e
g
u
i
d
a
n
c
e
th
ro
u
g
h
o
u
t
t
h
e
e
n
ti
re
re
se
a
rc
h
p
ro
c
e
ss
,
a
s we
ll
a
s th
e
p
rima
ry
a
d
v
iso
r
fo
r
st
u
d
e
n
ts'
b
a
c
h
e
lo
r
th
e
se
s
re
late
d
to
th
e
stu
d
y
.
He
r
r
e
se
a
rc
h
fo
c
u
s
is
in
p
h
y
sic
a
l
a
c
ti
v
it
y
,
e
x
e
rc
ise
a
n
d
sk
e
leta
l
m
u
sc
le
p
h
y
si
o
l
o
g
y
.
S
h
e
c
a
n
b
e
c
o
n
tac
ted
a
t
e
m
a
il
:
y
h
u
si@
u
b
.
a
c
.
id
.
Fa
r
e
sa
Aul
ia
Ra
str
a
m
a
d
h
a
n
i
A
fo
u
rth
-
y
e
a
r
m
e
d
ica
l
st
u
d
e
n
t
a
t
t
h
e
F
a
c
u
l
ty
o
f
M
e
d
icin
e
,
U
n
iv
e
rsitas
Bra
wijay
a
(2
0
1
9
-
2
0
2
2
),
sh
e
a
ims
t
o
i
m
p
ro
v
e
I
n
d
o
n
e
sia
n
h
e
a
lt
h
a
n
d
u
n
d
e
rsta
n
d
t
h
e
li
n
k
b
e
twe
e
n
l
ifes
ty
le
a
n
d
m
e
n
tal
h
e
a
lt
h
.
Th
is
re
s
e
a
rc
h
m
a
rk
s
h
e
r
first
ste
p
in
th
is
p
u
rsu
i
t.
Re
sp
o
n
sib
le
fo
r
p
ro
c
e
ss
in
g
a
n
x
iety
a
n
d
se
d
e
n
tary
q
u
e
st
io
n
n
a
ire
d
a
ta,
sh
e
c
o
n
ti
n
u
e
s
to
e
x
p
a
n
d
h
e
r
k
n
o
wle
d
g
e
a
n
d
fin
d
s
jo
y
in
m
e
a
n
in
g
fu
l
c
o
n
tri
b
u
ti
o
n
s
t
o
o
th
e
rs.
S
h
e
c
a
n
b
e
c
o
n
tac
ted
a
t
e
m
a
il
:
ra
stra
m
a
d
h
a
n
i@g
m
a
il
.
c
o
m
H
e
n
n
y
M
u
ly
a
n
i
is
a
m
e
d
ica
l
s
tu
d
e
n
t
a
t
th
e
F
a
c
u
lt
y
o
f
M
e
d
icin
e
,
Un
i
v
e
rsitas
Bra
wijay
a
,
a
b
o
u
t
t
o
sta
rt
h
e
r
c
lerk
sh
i
p
a
t
S
a
ifu
l
An
wa
r
Ho
sp
it
a
l,
M
a
lan
g
.
Ne
w
to
re
se
a
rc
h
,
sh
e
is
k
e
e
n
o
n
p
ro
jec
ts
re
late
d
to
h
u
m
a
n
p
h
y
si
o
lo
g
y
,
d
ise
a
se
s,
a
n
d
i
n
n
o
v
a
ti
v
e
h
e
a
lt
h
c
a
re
m
a
n
a
g
e
m
e
n
t.
In
t
h
i
s
re
se
a
rc
h
,
sh
e
p
r
o
c
e
ss
e
s
a
n
d
a
n
a
ly
z
e
s
d
a
ta
o
n
c
o
g
n
it
iv
e
f
u
n
c
ti
o
n
,
p
h
y
sic
a
l
a
c
ti
v
it
y
,
a
n
d
BDN
F
le
v
e
ls.
S
h
e
c
a
n
b
e
c
o
n
tac
ted
a
t
e
m
a
il
:
m
u
ly
a
n
i.
h
e
n
n
y
y
@g
m
a
il
.
c
o
m
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J
Pu
b
lic
Hea
lth
Sci
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8
8
0
6
C
o
r
r
ela
tio
n
o
f p
h
ysica
l a
ctivity
w
ith
co
g
n
itio
n
a
n
d
men
ta
l
h
ea
lth
in
…
(
Yh
u
s
i Ka
r
in
a
R
is
k
a
w
a
ti)
1625
Rid
h
a
S
a
n
iy
y
a
h
Rin
d
r
a
d
i
is
m
e
d
ica
l
stu
d
e
n
t
a
t
t
h
e
F
a
c
u
lt
y
o
f
M
e
d
icin
e
,
Un
i
v
e
rsita
s
Bra
wijay
a
,
se
t
to
b
e
g
in
h
e
r
c
lerk
s
h
ip
a
t
S
a
ifu
l
A
n
wa
r
Ho
sp
it
a
l
,
M
a
lan
g
.
Wi
th
a
b
a
c
k
g
r
o
u
n
d
in
s
o
c
ial
h
e
a
lt
h
,
c
h
a
rit
y
,
a
n
d
c
o
m
m
u
n
it
y
o
u
trea
c
h
t
h
ro
u
g
h
AM
S
A
a
n
d
L
AK
ES
M
A,
h
e
r
re
se
a
rc
h
i
n
tere
sts
in
c
lu
d
e
h
u
m
a
n
a
c
ti
v
i
ty
p
h
y
sio
l
o
g
y
,
m
e
n
tal
h
e
a
lt
h
,
a
n
d
h
o
rm
o
n
e
s.
S
h
e
is
re
sp
o
n
si
b
le
fo
r
p
ro
c
e
ss
in
g
d
e
p
re
ss
io
n
a
n
d
c
o
rti
so
l
lev
e
ls d
a
t
a
.
S
h
e
c
a
n
b
e
c
o
n
tac
ted
a
t
e
m
a
il
:
rid
h
a
ri
n
d
ra
d
i@
g
m
a
il
.
c
o
m
.
Mu
h
a
m
m
a
d
Is
a
Ma
h
e
n
d
r
a
i
s
a
m
e
d
ica
l
stu
d
e
n
t
a
t
U
n
iv
e
rsita
s
Bra
wijay
a
,
In
d
o
n
e
sia
,
c
u
rre
n
tl
y
u
n
d
e
r
g
o
i
n
g
a
c
ler
k
sh
i
p
a
t
S
a
ifu
l
An
wa
r
Ho
sp
it
a
l,
M
a
lan
g
.
I
n
v
o
l
v
e
d
in
sc
ien
ti
fic
re
se
a
rc
h
o
rg
a
n
iza
ti
o
n
s,
h
e
is
in
tere
ste
d
in
h
e
a
lt
h
in
v
e
n
ti
o
n
a
n
d
in
n
o
v
a
ti
o
n
,
with
a
fo
c
u
s
o
n
t
h
e
p
h
y
sio
lo
g
y
o
f
h
u
m
a
n
a
c
ti
v
it
y
,
n
e
u
r
o
sc
ien
c
e
,
a
n
d
b
io
m
o
lec
u
lar
re
se
a
rc
h
.
He
is
re
sp
o
n
si
b
le
f
o
r
p
r
o
c
e
ss
in
g
c
o
g
n
it
i
v
e
fu
n
c
ti
o
n
a
n
d
BDN
F
lev
e
ls d
a
ta.
H
e
c
a
n
b
e
c
o
n
tac
ted
a
t
e
m
a
il
:
isa
m
a
h
e
n
d
ra
2
4
@
g
m
a
il
.
c
o
m
.
Christy
a
ji
In
d
r
a
d
m
o
j
o
a
lec
tu
re
r
a
n
d
e
m
e
rg
e
n
c
y
p
h
y
sic
ian
with
a
fo
c
u
s
o
n
d
isa
ste
r
p
re
p
a
re
d
n
e
ss
,
p
o
ss
e
ss
e
s
v
e
rsa
ti
le p
ro
fe
ss
io
n
a
l
e
x
p
e
rien
c
e
a
n
d
a
p
r
o
fo
u
n
d
c
o
m
m
it
m
e
n
t
t
o
c
o
m
m
u
n
it
y
h
e
a
lt
h
a
n
d
we
ll
-
b
e
in
g
.
His
sp
e
c
ifi
c
e
m
p
h
a
sis
li
e
s
in
e
m
p
o
we
rin
g
y
o
u
t
h
a
n
d
imp
ro
v
i
n
g
t
h
e
q
u
a
li
ty
o
f
li
fe
fo
r
t
h
e
e
ld
e
rl
y
.
His
i
n
v
o
lv
e
m
e
n
t
in
th
e
re
se
a
rc
h
sp
a
n
s
fr
o
m
su
g
g
e
stin
g
t
h
e
in
it
ial
re
se
a
rc
h
id
e
a
t
o
a
c
ti
v
e
p
a
rti
c
ip
a
ti
o
n
d
u
rin
g
e
x
p
e
ri
m
e
n
ts,
a
n
d
p
r
o
v
i
d
in
g
th
e
fi
n
a
l
c
o
n
c
e
p
tu
a
li
z
a
ti
o
n
to
t
h
e
m
a
n
u
sc
rip
t
.
F
o
r
f
u
rth
e
r
i
n
q
u
iri
e
s
.
H
e
c
a
n
b
e
c
o
n
tac
ted
a
t
e
m
a
il
:
c
h
ris
ty
a
ji
.
i
n
d
ra
d
m
o
jo
@
k
e
d
o
k
tera
n
.
u
in
-
m
a
lan
g
.
a
c
.
id
.
As
wa
ty
Nur
is
a
lec
tu
re
r
a
n
d
r
e
se
a
rc
h
e
r
in
th
e
De
p
a
rtme
n
t
o
f
P
h
y
sio
lo
g
y
i
n
th
e
F
a
c
u
lt
y
o
f
M
e
d
ici
n
e
,
Un
i
v
e
rsitas
Bra
wijay
a
.
He
r
re
se
a
rc
h
fo
c
u
s
in
P
h
y
sio
lo
g
y
F
ield
i
n
c
lu
d
in
g
o
b
e
sity
,
c
irca
d
ian
rh
y
t
h
m
s
a
n
d
a
n
ima
l
b
e
h
a
v
io
u
r.
S
e
v
e
ra
l
in
tern
a
ti
o
n
a
l
p
u
b
li
c
a
ti
o
n
s
with
h
e
r
re
se
a
rc
h
g
ro
u
p
a
n
d
st
u
d
e
n
ts
h
a
v
e
b
e
e
n
p
u
b
li
s
h
e
d
fro
m
h
e
r
p
re
v
i
o
u
s
re
se
a
rc
h
.
S
h
e
c
o
n
tri
b
u
tes
in
a
p
p
ly
i
n
g
g
ra
n
t
fo
r
th
is
stu
d
y
a
n
d
fin
a
l
su
g
g
e
st
io
n
o
f
th
e
m
a
n
u
sc
rip
t.
S
h
e
c
a
n
b
e
c
o
n
tac
ted
a
t
e
m
a
il
:
a
sw
a
ty
n
u
r@u
b
.
a
c
.
id
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.