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o
w
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d
u
r
i
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g
3
-
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m
o
n
th
s
.
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lo
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d
o
w
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an
d
q
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ti
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ar
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v
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w
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an
g
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h
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m
o
r
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r
less
all
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s
s
u
f
f
er
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o
m
th
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ep
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m
ak
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s
elf
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ter
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a
v
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n
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t
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atio
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d
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ter
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atio
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el.
Mo
r
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er
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ll
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o
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s
ch
o
o
l,
co
lleg
es
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n
d
u
n
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er
s
ities
h
a
v
e
b
ee
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clo
s
ed
f
o
r
r
estl
ess
n
es
s
an
n
o
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n
ce
m
e
n
t
o
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lo
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d
o
w
n
.
P
r
ev
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u
s
s
tu
d
ie
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h
o
w
n
,
d
u
r
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n
g
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o
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a
n
d
q
u
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tin
e,
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x
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,
f
r
u
s
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a
tio
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,
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ea
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f
ca
u
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g
in
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ec
ti
o
n
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s
o
m
n
ia
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n
d
ir
r
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y
ar
e
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er
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co
m
m
o
n
e
f
f
ec
ts
f
o
r
t
h
e
p
atie
n
t
s
[
1
2
]
.
Un
f
o
r
t
u
n
ate
l
y
,
th
e
le
v
el
o
f
d
ep
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is
i
n
cr
ea
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n
g
d
u
r
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t
h
is
co
r
o
n
ar
y
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er
io
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.
An
o
th
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e
s
ea
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ch
er
r
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o
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ted
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at
h
ea
lt
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o
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le
m
o
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m
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l
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m
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av
e
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ee
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o
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n
d
d
u
r
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g
p
u
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h
ea
lt
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e
m
er
g
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n
c
y
[
1
3
]
.
A
p
r
e
v
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s
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t
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d
y
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o
n
e
in
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o
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h
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d
J
ap
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as
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ted
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y
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en
tal
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ea
lt
h
p
r
o
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lem
s
d
u
r
i
ng
C
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D
-
1
9
o
u
tb
r
ea
k
[
4
]
,
W
u
h
an
C
it
y
m
ed
ical
w
o
r
k
er
s
[
1
4
]
,
[1
5
]
.
A
n
o
t
h
er
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u
d
y
s
h
o
w
e
d
th
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tal
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ca
n
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as
y
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m
etr
icall
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o
p
p
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m
p
l
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is
r
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ar
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in
ca
s
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o
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e
m
er
g
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n
c
y
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s
p
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es
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tr
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b
le
[
1
6
]
.
A
r
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ch
er
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led
in
h
is
s
tu
d
y
t
h
at
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m
o
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k
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h
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p
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[
6
]
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R
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t
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t
u
d
y
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at
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h
m
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ts
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th
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m
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ices
d
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th
e
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O
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-
1
9
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id
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lo
w
a
n
d
m
id
d
l
e
in
co
m
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n
tr
ies
[
1
7
]
.
A
n
o
th
er
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en
t
s
t
u
d
y
,
m
en
tio
n
ed
th
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ea
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p
o
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r
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o
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m
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th
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m
en
tal
h
ea
lth
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f
f
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ts
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u
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to
th
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C
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D
-
1
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p
an
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m
ic
[
1
8
]
.
T
h
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r
e,
m
e
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tal
s
t
ates
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u
tco
m
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li
k
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tifie
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ea
lth
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u
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o
w
n
,
q
u
ar
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ti
n
e
a
n
d
is
o
latio
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ti
m
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o
f
t
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s
.
2
.
RE
S
E
ARCH
M
E
T
H
O
D
2
.
1
.
M
a
t
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ls
A
cc
o
r
d
in
g
to
P
er
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Fu
en
te
s
et
a
l.
[
1
9
]
,
an
o
n
lin
e
b
ased
s
u
r
v
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y
w
as
co
n
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F
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B
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ased
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r
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R
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l.
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3
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p
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4
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d
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1
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to
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f
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B
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T
h
e
r
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,
w
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liter
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e,
u
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to
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E
n
g
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h
an
d
h
a
d
ac
ce
s
s
ed
in
to
t
h
e
in
ter
n
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t
f
ac
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s
co
u
ld
p
ar
ticip
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in
t
h
is
s
u
r
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y
.
T
h
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m
o
g
r
ap
h
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to
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s
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tio
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icatio
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,
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o
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r
esid
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ce
an
d
h
o
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s
e
h
o
ld
m
e
m
b
er
s
.
2
.
2
.
Co
nte
nt
o
f
t
he
qu
estio
nn
a
ire
Qu
est
io
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n
air
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w
er
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p
r
ep
ar
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b
y
P
ér
ez
-
Fu
e
n
te
s
et
a
l.
[
2
1
]
m
et
h
o
d
.
So
ci
o
d
em
o
g
r
ap
h
i
c
ch
ar
ac
ter
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s
(
s
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n
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)
,
k
n
o
w
led
g
e
o
n
s
a
f
et
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h
ea
lt
h
p
r
ac
tices
(
s
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v
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s
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m
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tal
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lt
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s
tate
(
th
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n
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,
u
n
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er
s
ta
n
d
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g
ab
o
u
t
q
u
ar
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ti
n
e
(
t
w
o
u
n
its
)
w
er
e
in
cl
u
d
ed
i
n
to
t
h
e
q
u
e
s
tio
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n
air
e.
A
cc
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r
d
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t
o
r
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n
d
en
ts
a
n
s
w
er
m
en
tal
h
ea
lt
h
co
n
d
itio
n
i
s
m
ea
s
u
r
e
d
.
B
ec
k
h
o
p
eless
n
es
s
s
ca
le
f
o
r
g
en
er
al
ad
u
l
t
p
o
p
u
latio
n
w
as
u
s
ed
to
as
s
es
s
d
ep
r
ess
io
n
[
2
2
]
.
R
esp
o
n
d
en
t
s
h
ad
tak
e
n
s
u
f
f
icie
n
t
ti
m
e
to
r
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ad
all
th
e
q
u
es
tio
n
s
an
d
r
esp
o
n
d
ed
.
Du
r
in
g
t
h
e
w
h
o
le
s
tu
d
y
co
n
f
id
e
n
tialit
y
w
a
s
m
ai
n
tai
n
ed
.
2
.
3
.
Da
t
a
a
na
ly
s
is
Af
ter
d
ata
co
llectio
n
,
o
n
li
n
e
b
ased
q
u
esti
o
n
n
air
e
w
h
ich
w
er
e
r
ec
o
r
d
e
d
in
Mic
r
o
s
o
f
t
E
x
ce
l
.
L
ater
o
n
,
it
w
a
s
co
n
v
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in
to
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2
(
Stata
co
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d
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w
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p
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t
t
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tr
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o
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m
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ap
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B
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So
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s
)
ep
id
e
m
ic
r
e
v
ea
led
t
h
at
ab
o
u
t
2
8
.
9
%
an
d
3
1
.
2
%
o
f
th
e
r
esp
o
n
d
en
ts
w
er
e
af
f
ec
ted
b
y
s
y
m
p
to
m
s
o
f
p
o
s
t
-
tr
au
m
atic
s
tr
es
s
d
is
o
r
d
er
an
d
d
e
p
r
ess
io
n
r
esp
ec
tiv
el
y
[
2
3
]
.
An
o
th
er
p
r
ev
io
u
s
s
tu
d
y
d
o
n
e
in
T
o
r
o
n
to
,
C
an
ad
a
e
x
p
o
s
ed
to
q
u
ar
a
n
tin
e
ti
m
e
at
h
o
m
e
d
u
r
in
g
S
AR
s
v
ir
u
s
o
u
tb
r
ea
k
[
2
4
]
.
A
r
esear
ch
s
tu
d
y
s
h
o
w
e
d
th
at
f
ac
to
r
s
as
1
6
-
2
4
y
ea
r
s
’
ag
e
g
r
o
u
p
,
f
e
m
ale
p
er
s
o
n
an
d
lo
w
er
lev
el
o
f
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
s
tat
u
s
w
er
e
ass
o
c
iated
w
it
h
n
e
g
ati
v
e
p
s
y
ch
o
lo
g
ical
i
m
p
ac
t
[
2
5
]
.
A
cc
o
r
d
in
g
to
s
ev
er
al
r
ec
en
t
s
t
u
d
ies,
th
e
lo
w
er
ed
u
ca
tio
n
an
d
h
ig
h
er
ed
u
ca
tio
n
lev
el
[
2
6
]
w
er
e
ass
o
ciate
d
w
it
h
lev
els
o
f
d
ep
r
ess
io
n
a
n
d
/o
r
an
x
ie
t
y
d
u
r
i
n
g
th
e
C
O
VI
D
-
1
9
p
an
d
e
m
ic
[
2
7
]
-
[
2
9
]
.
Ou
r
s
t
u
d
y
s
h
o
w
ed
t
h
at
5
0
%
r
esp
o
n
d
en
ts
f
elt
h
ig
h
l
y
d
ep
r
ess
io
n
a
f
ter
k
n
o
w
i
n
g
th
e
s
p
r
ea
d
o
f
co
r
o
n
a
v
ir
u
s
r
ap
id
l
y
a
n
d
th
e
y
w
er
e
m
o
r
e
s
ca
r
ed
ab
o
u
t
th
e
ir
ch
i
ld
r
en
,
a
g
ed
p
ar
en
ts
,
lo
s
i
n
g
j
o
b
an
d
m
ai
n
ten
a
n
ce
r
eq
u
ir
e
m
e
n
ts
o
f
d
ail
y
li
v
es.
A
n
o
t
h
er
r
ec
en
t st
u
d
y
r
ep
o
r
ted
th
at
6
2
% o
f
t
h
e
r
esp
o
n
d
en
t
s
h
ad
d
ep
r
ess
io
n
w
h
ic
h
s
u
p
p
o
r
ted
o
u
r
f
i
n
d
in
g
s
[
3
0
]
.
A
r
ec
e
n
t
s
tu
d
y
d
o
n
e
a
m
o
n
g
C
h
i
n
ese
h
e
alth
p
r
ac
titi
o
n
er
s
s
tated
th
at
t
h
e
in
cid
en
ce
r
ate
o
f
d
ep
r
ess
io
n
w
a
s
3
4
.
7
% [
3
1
]
.
E
v
id
en
ce
s
h
o
w
ed
t
h
at
a
g
e,
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
s
tat
u
s
,
m
ar
ital
s
t
atu
s
,
l
iv
i
n
g
w
it
h
eld
er
s
a
n
d
w
h
o
h
ad
ch
ild
r
en
d
id
n
o
t
i
m
p
ac
t
th
e
o
u
tco
m
es
o
f
p
s
y
c
h
o
lo
g
ica
l
b
eh
av
io
r
[
3
2
]
.
A
s
tu
d
y
r
ev
ea
led
7
5
.
2
%
o
f
r
esp
o
n
d
en
ts
f
elt
f
ea
r
ab
o
u
t
t
h
eir
o
w
n
h
o
u
s
eh
o
ld
m
e
m
b
er
s
b
ec
o
m
i
n
g
i
n
f
e
cted
w
it
h
t
h
e
C
OVI
D
-
1
9
d
is
e
ase
[
3
3
]
.
Si
m
ilar
l
y
,
a
s
tu
d
y
co
n
d
u
cted
i
n
I
n
d
ia
s
h
o
w
ed
th
a
t
ab
o
u
t
4
1
%
p
eo
p
le
f
elt
s
ca
r
ed
w
h
e
n
t
h
eir
clo
s
e
o
n
e
b
ec
am
e
s
ic
k
an
d
1
/3
p
ar
ticip
an
t
p
an
ick
ed
ab
o
u
t
th
eir
i
n
a
p
p
r
o
p
r
iate
s
o
cial
b
eh
av
io
r
[
3
]
.
A
n
o
t
h
er
p
r
ev
io
u
s
s
tu
d
y
b
y
telep
h
o
n
ic
s
u
r
v
e
y
f
o
u
n
d
a
s
n
ap
s
h
o
t
o
f
p
u
b
lic
co
n
ce
r
n
s
a
n
d
b
eh
a
v
io
r
s
at
th
e
b
e
g
i
n
n
i
n
g
o
f
s
w
i
n
e
f
l
u
o
u
tb
r
ea
k
,
d
u
r
i
n
g
a
p
er
io
d
o
f
d
is
ea
s
e
u
n
ce
r
tai
n
t
y
ab
o
u
t
th
e
r
is
k
s
f
r
o
m
v
ir
u
s
e
s
[
3
4
]
.
"
Deta
ch
men
t
fr
o
m
n
o
r
ma
l
a
ctivities
p
u
s
h
es
ch
ild
r
en
in
to
a
s
ta
te
o
f
cris
is
th
a
t
ma
y
in
crea
s
e
th
e
r
is
k
o
f
p
s
yc
h
ia
tr
ic
d
is
o
r
d
ers
th
a
t
ca
n
lea
d
to
a
c
u
te
s
tr
es
s
d
is
o
r
d
er,
a
d
ju
s
tmen
t
d
is
o
r
d
er,
a
n
d
p
o
s
t
-
tr
a
u
ma
tic
s
tr
ess
d
is
o
r
d
er
a
n
d
a
tten
tio
n
d
eficit
d
is
o
r
d
er
,
"
Dr
.
Kh
air
u
l
s
aid
[
3
5
]
.
Mo
r
eo
v
er
,
ac
co
r
d
in
g
to
o
u
r
s
t
u
d
y
w
e
o
b
s
er
v
ed
th
e
f
ir
s
t
d
ec
lar
ed
lo
ck
d
o
w
n
s
i
tu
atio
n
a
n
d
at
t
h
a
t
ti
m
e
ed
u
ca
ted
p
eo
p
le
h
ad
f
o
ll
o
w
ed
th
e
g
i
v
en
r
u
les
o
f
g
o
v
er
n
m
e
n
t
o
f
B
an
g
lad
esh
.
B
u
t
w
h
o
ar
e
h
o
u
s
e
w
i
f
e
o
r
j
o
b
less
th
e
y
f
elt
th
a
t
co
r
o
n
a
v
ir
u
s
co
u
ld
n
o
t
atta
c
k
ed
u
s
d
u
e
to
n
o
t
g
o
i
n
g
o
u
ts
id
e
as
t
h
e
y
f
ac
ed
a
s
i
m
ilar
s
itu
a
tio
n
i
n
th
e
ir
lif
e.
O
u
r
s
t
u
d
y
b
eliev
ed
t
h
at
b
esid
es
t
h
e
ec
o
n
o
m
ic
cr
is
i
s
,
s
o
cial
d
is
ta
n
ci
n
g
also
m
ad
e
p
eo
p
le
to
f
ee
l
d
ep
r
ess
io
n
.
T
h
e
m
o
r
e
th
e
ed
u
ca
ted
an
d
k
n
o
w
led
g
e
w
il
l
b
e
th
e
m
o
r
e
w
o
r
r
ied
an
d
d
ep
r
ess
io
n
.
R
ec
en
t
s
tu
d
ie
s
s
u
g
g
e
s
ted
t
h
at,
p
eo
p
le
w
it
h
h
i
g
h
er
ed
u
ca
tio
n
h
ad
h
ig
h
er
le
v
el
s
o
f
a
n
x
ie
t
y
,
d
ep
r
ess
io
n
,
a
n
d
s
tr
ess
.
A
cc
o
r
d
in
g
to
th
i
s
s
t
u
d
y
,
t
h
e
h
ig
h
er
p
r
ev
ale
n
ce
o
f
p
s
y
ch
o
l
o
g
ical
s
i
g
n
s
a
m
o
n
g
g
e
n
er
al
p
eo
p
le
w
i
th
h
i
g
h
er
ed
u
ca
tio
n
i
s
u
n
d
o
u
b
ted
l
y
d
u
e
to
h
i
g
h
er
le
v
el
o
f
k
n
o
w
led
g
e
an
d
a
w
ar
en
e
s
s
i
n
r
elatio
n
t
o
in
d
iv
id
u
al
h
ea
lt
h
w
h
ic
h
is
s
i
m
i
lar
to
o
u
r
f
in
d
i
n
g
s
[
36
]
.
T
h
e
g
o
v
er
n
m
e
n
t
o
f
C
h
i
n
a
h
as
alr
ea
d
y
g
i
v
en
f
ac
ilit
ie
s
o
f
m
e
n
tal
h
ea
lt
h
p
atien
t
s
b
y
p
r
o
v
id
i
n
g
ca
r
e
i
n
th
e
h
o
tlin
e,
co
n
s
u
ltat
io
n
w
i
th
th
e
p
s
y
c
h
iatr
is
t
in
o
n
li
n
e
a
n
d
o
n
lin
e
tr
ain
i
n
g
co
u
r
s
e
[
3
7
]
.
I
n
co
n
tr
as
t,
s
e
v
er
al
r
ec
en
t st
u
d
ies
h
a
v
e
d
is
c
u
s
s
ed
t
h
e
m
en
tal
h
ea
lt
h
i
m
p
ac
t o
f
C
OVI
D
-
1
9
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
p
o
in
t
o
f
v
i
e
w
o
f
h
ea
lt
h
a
n
x
iet
y
b
ased
o
n
p
r
ac
tical
co
n
s
id
er
ati
o
n
s
.
T
h
e
a
u
th
o
r
s
e
m
p
h
asized
o
n
n
ee
d
f
o
r
e
v
id
en
ce
-
b
ased
r
esear
ch
i
n
to
h
ea
lt
h
d
ep
r
ess
io
n
an
d
its
d
eter
m
i
n
an
t
s
.
T
h
e
y
al
s
o
m
en
tio
n
ed
t
h
at
v
a
lid
in
d
i
v
id
u
al
an
d
p
o
p
u
lat
io
n
l
ev
el
s
tr
ateg
ie
s
ca
n
b
e
d
ev
elo
p
ed
to
m
i
n
i
m
ize
it
i
n
th
e
f
ac
e
o
f
th
e
C
OVI
D
-
1
9
p
an
d
e
m
ic
a
n
d
f
u
t
u
r
e
o
u
tb
r
ea
k
s
o
f
a
s
i
m
ilar
n
atu
r
e
[
3
8
]
,
[
3
9
]
.
4
.
CO
NCLU
SI
O
N
H
ig
h
er
lev
el
o
f
k
n
o
w
led
g
e
was
s
i
g
n
i
f
ica
n
tl
y
as
s
o
ciate
d
w
it
h
d
ep
r
ess
io
n
d
u
r
i
n
g
lo
ck
d
o
w
n
,
an
d
h
a
l
f
o
f
th
e
p
o
p
u
latio
n
o
f
th
i
s
s
u
r
v
e
y
w
a
s
f
ee
li
n
g
in
d
ep
r
ess
io
n
.
T
h
is
s
t
u
d
y
f
o
cu
s
ed
o
n
p
u
b
lic
k
n
o
w
led
g
e
ab
o
u
t
s
af
et
y
p
r
ac
tices
to
w
ar
d
s
C
O
VI
D
-
1
9
an
d
th
e
s
tat
u
s
o
f
m
en
tal
h
ea
lth
a
f
ter
an
n
o
u
n
ce
m
en
t
o
f
lo
ck
d
o
w
n
i
n
B
an
g
lad
es
h
.
Ho
w
ev
er
,
i
f
t
h
e
m
e
n
tal
h
ea
lt
h
p
r
o
g
r
a
m
s
ar
e
n
o
t
co
m
p
r
eh
e
n
s
i
v
e,
t
h
e
r
is
k
o
f
n
e
g
ati
v
e
p
s
y
ch
o
lo
g
ical
b
eh
a
v
io
r
w
ill
ar
is
e.
T
h
u
s
,
p
r
o
p
er
aw
ar
e
n
ess
f
r
o
m
th
e
h
ea
lt
h
au
t
h
o
r
ities
a
n
d
g
o
v
er
n
m
e
n
t
to
th
e
civ
ic
s
o
ciet
y
i
s
th
e
v
ital
k
e
y
t
o
p
r
ev
en
t
d
ep
r
ess
io
n
an
d
p
an
ic.
T
h
is
f
i
n
d
in
g
w
ill
h
elp
to
im
p
le
m
e
n
t
o
n
f
u
t
u
r
e
m
an
a
g
e
m
e
n
t o
f
i
n
f
ec
tio
u
s
d
is
e
a
s
e
e
m
er
g
e
n
cie
s
f
o
r
p
lan
n
i
n
g
m
en
tal
h
ea
l
th
p
r
o
g
r
a
m
s
.
T
h
er
e
w
er
e
s
o
m
e
l
i
m
itatio
n
s
w
h
ic
h
w
er
e
o
b
s
er
v
ed
in
th
i
s
s
u
r
v
e
y
.
A
s
t
h
e
s
tu
d
y
w
as
cr
o
s
s
-
s
ec
tio
n
al
b
ased
o
n
o
n
lin
e
s
u
r
v
e
y
,
it
w
a
s
h
ar
d
to
f
in
d
ca
u
s
al
r
elatio
n
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[1
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W
HO
Co
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n
a
v
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s
Dise
a
se
(COV
ID
-
1
9
)
Da
sh
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1
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w
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e
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le:
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A
c
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d
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2
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0
].
[2
]
Co
ro
n
a
v
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s
CO
V
ID
-
1
9
Da
sh
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o
a
rd
,
2
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A
c
c
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ss
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d
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2
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No
v
-
20
2
0
]
.
[3
]
D.
Ro
y
e
t
a
l.
,
“
S
tu
d
y
o
f
k
n
o
w
le
d
g
e
,
a
tt
it
u
d
e
,
a
n
x
iety
&
p
e
rc
e
iv
e
d
m
e
n
tal
h
e
a
lt
h
c
a
re
n
e
e
d
in
In
d
ian
p
o
p
u
lati
o
n
d
u
ri
n
g
COV
ID
-
1
9
p
a
n
d
e
m
ic
,
”
Asia
n
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
Psy
c
h
ia
try
,
v
o
l.
51
,
p
.
1
0
2
0
8
3
,
2
0
2
0
,
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o
i
:
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0
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6
/
j.
a
jp
.
2
0
2
0
.
1
0
2
0
8
3
.
[4
]
Y.
Ba
o
e
t
a
l.
,
“
2
0
1
9
-
n
C
o
V
e
p
i
d
e
m
ic:
a
d
d
re
ss
m
e
n
tal
h
e
a
lt
h
c
a
re
to
e
m
p
o
we
r
so
c
iety
,
”
T
h
e
L
a
n
c
e
t
,
v
o
l.
3
9
5
,
n
o
.
1
0
2
2
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e
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/s
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4
0
-
6
7
3
6
(
2
0
)
3
0
3
0
9
-
3.
[5
]
C.
W
a
n
g
e
t
a
l.
,
“
Im
m
e
d
iate
P
sy
c
h
o
l
o
g
ica
l
Re
sp
o
n
se
s
a
n
d
A
ss
o
c
iate
d
F
a
c
to
rs
d
u
rin
g
th
e
I
n
it
ial
S
t
a
g
e
o
f
th
e
2
0
1
9
Co
ro
n
a
v
iru
s
Dise
a
se
(COV
ID
-
1
9
)
Ep
i
d
e
m
ic
a
m
o
n
g
t
h
e
G
e
n
e
ra
l
P
o
p
u
lati
o
n
i
n
Ch
i
n
a
,
”
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
r
n
a
l
o
f
En
v
iro
n
me
n
ta
l
Res
e
a
rc
h
a
n
d
Pu
b
li
c
He
a
lt
h
,
v
o
l.
1
7
,
n
o
.
5
,
p
.
1
7
2
9
,
2
0
2
0
,
d
o
i:
1
0
.
3
3
9
0
/i
jerp
h
1
7
0
5
1
7
2
9
.
[6
]
S
.
Br
o
o
k
s
e
t
a
l.
,
“
T
h
e
p
sy
c
h
o
lo
g
ica
l
im
p
a
c
t
o
f
q
u
a
ra
n
ti
n
e
a
n
d
h
o
w
to
re
d
u
c
e
i
t
:
ra
p
id
re
v
ie
w
o
f
th
e
e
v
id
e
n
c
e
,
”
T
h
e
L
a
n
c
e
t
,
v
o
l.
395
,
n
o
.
1
0
2
2
7
,
p
p
.
9
1
2
-
9
2
0
,
2
0
2
0
,
d
o
i:
1
0
.
1
0
1
6
/s
0
1
4
0
-
6
7
3
6
(
2
0
)
3
0
4
6
0
-
8.
[7
]
F
.
Orn
e
ll
,
J.
S
c
h
u
c
h
,
A
.
S
o
rd
i
a
n
d
F
.
Ke
ss
ler
,
“
"
P
a
n
d
e
m
ic
fe
a
r
"
a
n
d
CO
V
ID
-
1
9
:
m
e
n
tal
h
e
a
lt
h
b
u
rd
e
n
a
n
d
stra
teg
ies
,
”
Bra
zili
a
n
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
Psy
c
h
ia
try
,
v
o
l.
42
,
n
o
.
3
,
p
p
.
2
3
2
-
2
3
5
,
2
0
2
0
,
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o
i:
1
0
.
1
5
9
0
/
1
5
1
6
-
4
4
4
6
-
2
0
2
0
-
0
0
0
8
.
[8
]
K.
Ch
a
tt
e
rjee
a
n
d
V
.
Ch
a
u
h
a
n
,
“
Ep
id
e
m
ics
,
q
u
a
ra
n
ti
n
e
a
n
d
m
e
n
tal
h
e
a
lt
h
,
”
M
e
d
ica
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
Arme
d
F
o
rc
e
s
In
d
ia
,
v
o
l.
76
,
n
o
.
2
,
p
p
.
1
2
5
-
1
2
7
,
2
0
2
0
,
d
o
i:
1
0
.
1
0
1
6
/j
.
m
jaf
i.
2
0
2
0
.
0
3
.
0
1
7
.
[9
]
E.
Ch
o
i,
B.
Hu
i
a
n
d
E.
W
a
n
,
“
De
p
re
ss
io
n
a
n
d
A
n
x
iet
y
in
Ho
n
g
Ko
n
g
d
u
ri
n
g
COV
ID
-
1
9
,
”
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
En
v
iro
n
me
n
ta
l
Res
e
a
rc
h
a
n
d
Pu
b
li
c
He
a
lt
h
,
v
o
l.
17
,
n
o
.
10
,
p
.
3
7
4
0
,
2
0
2
0
,
d
o
i:
1
0
.
3
3
9
0
/
ij
e
rp
h
1
7
1
0
3
7
4
0
.
[1
0
]
A
.
Zan
d
if
a
r
a
n
d
R.
Ba
d
rf
a
m
,
“
Ira
n
ian
m
e
n
tal
h
e
a
lt
h
d
u
rin
g
t
h
e
COV
ID
-
1
9
e
p
i
d
e
m
ic,”
Asia
n
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
Psy
c
h
ia
try
,
v
o
l.
51
,
p
.
1
0
1
9
9
0
,
2
0
2
0
,
d
o
i:
1
0
.
1
0
1
6
/j
.
a
jp
.
2
0
2
0
.
1
0
1
9
9
0
.
[1
1
]
W
.
Ca
o
e
t
a
l.
,
“
T
h
e
p
s
y
c
h
o
lo
g
ica
l
im
p
a
c
t
o
f
th
e
COV
ID
-
1
9
e
p
i
d
e
m
i
c
o
n
c
o
ll
e
g
e
stu
d
e
n
ts
in
C
h
i
n
a
,
”
Psy
c
h
ia
try
Res
e
a
rc
h
,
v
o
l.
2
8
7
,
p
.
1
1
2
9
3
4
,
2
0
2
0
,
d
o
i:
1
0
.
1
0
1
6
/
j.
p
sy
c
h
re
s.2
0
2
0
.
1
1
2
9
3
4
.
[1
2
]
D.
Ba
n
e
rjee
,
“
T
h
e
COV
ID
-
1
9
o
u
tb
re
a
k
:
Cru
c
ial
r
o
le
th
e
p
sy
c
h
iatr
ists
c
a
n
p
lay
,
”
Asia
n
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
Psy
c
h
ia
try
,
v
o
l
.
50
,
p
.
1
0
2
0
1
4
,
2
0
2
0
,
d
o
i:
1
0
.
1
0
1
6
/j
.
a
jp
.
2
0
2
0
.
1
0
2
0
1
4
.
[1
3
]
J.
G
a
o
e
t
a
l.
,
“
M
e
n
tal
h
e
a
lt
h
p
ro
b
lem
s
a
n
d
so
c
ial
m
e
d
ia
e
x
p
o
su
re
d
u
rin
g
COV
ID
-
1
9
o
u
t
b
re
a
k
,
”
PL
o
S
O
ne
,
v
o
l.
15
,
n
o
.
4
,
p
.
e
0
2
3
1
9
2
4
,
2
0
2
0
,
d
o
i:
1
0
.
1
3
7
1
/j
o
u
r
n
a
l.
p
o
n
e
.
0
2
3
1
9
2
4
.
[1
4
]
L
.
Ka
n
g
e
t
a
l.
,
“
T
h
e
m
e
n
tal
h
e
a
lt
h
o
f
m
e
d
ica
l
w
o
rk
e
r
s
in
W
u
h
a
n
,
Ch
in
a
d
e
a
li
n
g
w
it
h
t
h
e
2
0
1
9
n
o
v
e
l
c
o
ro
n
a
v
iru
s,”
T
h
e
L
a
n
c
e
t
Psy
c
h
ia
try
,
v
o
l.
7
,
n
o
.
3
,
p
.
e
1
4
,
2
0
2
0
,
d
o
i:
1
0
.
1
0
1
6
/S
2
2
1
5
-
0
3
6
6
(
2
0
)
3
0
0
4
7
-
X
.
[1
5
]
J.
S
h
ig
e
m
u
ra
e
t
a
l.
,
“
P
u
b
li
c
re
sp
o
n
se
s
to
th
e
n
o
v
e
l
2
0
1
9
c
o
r
o
n
a
v
iru
s
(2
0
1
9
‐
n
Co
V
)
i
n
Ja
p
a
n
:
M
e
n
tal
h
e
a
lt
h
c
o
n
se
q
u
e
n
c
e
s
a
n
d
targ
e
t
p
o
p
u
lati
o
n
s,”
Psy
c
h
ia
try
a
n
d
Cli
n
ica
l
Ne
u
ro
sc
ien
c
e
s
,
v
o
l.
7
4
,
n
o
.
4
,
p
p
.
2
8
1
-
2
8
2
,
2
0
2
0
,
d
o
i:
h
tt
p
s://
d
o
i
.
o
rg
/1
0
.
1
1
1
1
/
p
c
n
.
1
2
9
8
8
.
[1
6
]
A
.
D
a
n
e
se
e
t
a
l.
,
“
Ch
il
d
a
n
d
a
d
o
les
c
e
n
t
m
e
n
tal
h
e
a
lt
h
a
m
id
st
e
m
e
rg
e
n
c
ies
a
n
d
d
isa
ste
rs,”
T
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ish
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in
Ch
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m
ic,”
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9
]
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.
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.
,
“
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rsity
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[2
1
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.
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[2
2
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.
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k
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o
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3
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.
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rg
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[2
4
]
M
.
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.
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v
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[2
5
]
H.
Je
o
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g
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t
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,
“
M
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sta
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re
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ro
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[2
6
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J.
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,
“
P
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p
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n
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ra
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1
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2
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Hu
ll
HF
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3
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F
JG
D.
S
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,
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[3
4
]
G
.
J.
Ru
b
in
,
R.
Am
lô
t,
L
.
P
a
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e
a
n
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S
.
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