Intern
ati
o
n
a
l
Jo
urn
a
l
o
f
P
u
b
lic Hea
l
th Science (IJ
P
HS)
V
o
l.3
,
No
.3
, Sep
t
em
b
e
r
20
14, pp
. 169
~172
I
S
SN
: 225
2-8
8
0
6
1
69
Jo
urn
a
l
h
o
me
pa
ge
: h
ttp
://iaesjo
u
r
na
l.com/
o
n
lin
e/ind
e
x.ph
p
/
IJPHS
The Desi
gn of Int
e
rvention amon
g Survi
vors of Dis
a
st
er
Siti Ur
ba
y
a
tu
n
1
, Erlina
Listy
a
nti
Widuri
1
,
Ani
Mu
tt
aqi
y
atu
n
2
,
D
e
wi
Eska
wat
i
1
1
Faculty
of
Ps
y
c
holog
y
,
Univ
ersitas
Ahmad Dahlan, Yog
y
akarta,
Indonesia
2
Faculty
of
Eco
nomic, Univ
ersitas
Ahmad Dahlan, Yog
y
ak
arta, I
ndonesia
Article Info
A
B
STRAC
T
Article histo
r
y:
Received
J
u
n 12, 2014
Rev
i
sed
Au
g
20
, 20
14
Accepted Aug 26, 2014
Indonesia
is a region
th
at is
f
r
equently
hit b
y
d
i
sasters,
especially
the
earthqu
ake b
ecause of geological factors.
Earthq
uake in 2006
in the region
o
f
Yog
y
ak
arta
and
Central Java still has pr
oblem
s t
o
this da
y,
the b
a
sics of the
econom
y
has no
t fully
recov
e
red
, disabl
ed peop
le coud not work as usual,
people exp
e
ri
en
ce a var
i
e
t
y
of s
t
res
s
o
rs
s
u
ch as
incom
e
and m
a
teri
al s
t
res
s
and emotional stress. The aimed
of this
stud
y
was to find out th
e effect of
cognitiv
e
and r
e
ligious
int
e
rve
n
tion to
cop
e
with stress of
disaster.
Th
e
subjects of this stud
y
were peo
p
le in
Bantul w
ho exposed to stress due to
disasters such as disabilit
y and
indi
viduals wh
o have low self
-confiden
ce
because of disa
bilt
y
.
Th
e m
e
thod of the stud
y
was a responsive actio
n
research
. Data
were co
llected through
observation, interv
iews, focus
grou
p
discussions, psy
c
hoeducation an
d training
. The
stud
y
found that cognitiv
e
and rel
i
gious int
e
rvent
i
on has po
sitive im
pa
ct on
recover
y
of the
subject
, for
exam
ple in
cre
a
s
e
on s
e
lf-
c
onfid
ence of
indiv
i
du
al and d
ecr
eas
e
in the m
e
an
of SUD (subjecti
v
e uni
t disturb
a
n
ces) scor
e of
fa
m
ilie’s subje
c
t
m
e
m
b
er. Th
e
interv
entions w
e
re usefu
ll to
i
m
p
rove the fut
u
re int
e
rven
tion
of disabl
ed
persons and p
e
o
p
le who
exper
i
ence str
e
ss of fa
mi
ly
me
mbe
r’s di
sa
bi
l
ity
.
Keyword:
Disaster
In
terv
en
tio
n
Sel
f-c
on
fi
de
nc
e
Survi
v
or
Copyright ©
201
4 Institut
e
o
f
Ad
vanced
Engin
eer
ing and S
c
i
e
nce.
All rights re
se
rve
d
.
Co
rresp
ond
i
ng
Autho
r
:
An
i M
u
ttaq
i
yatu
n,
Depa
rt
em
ent
of Ec
on
om
i
c
,
Ah
m
a
d
Dah
l
an Un
iv
ersity,
Jal
a
n Kapas
N
o
9, Sem
a
ki
,
Y
ogy
a
k
art
a
,
I
n
d
one
si
a.
Em
a
il: an
i
m
tq
@g
m
a
il.co
m
1.
INTRODUCTION
Disab
ility h
a
rrast
m
en
t h
a
s lo
ng
b
e
en
repo
rted
in
th
e literatu
re.
Ho
lzb
a
u
e
r & Conrad
(20
10)
id
en
tified six
maj
o
r typ
e
of
d
i
sab
ility h
a
rrast
m
en
t th
at
can
be p
l
aced
on
co
n
tinuu
m
fro
m
least assertiv
e to
m
o
st aggressive [1]. T
h
e less
assertive types
are pi
ge
onhol
e, aba
n
don and
m
a
nipulate and the m
o
st agrresive
typ
e
s are
b
e
little, scare and
vio
l
ate. Lau
s
ter
(201
2) stated
t
h
at ph
ysical d
i
sab
ility can
lead
to
i
n
feriority [2
].
Oerm
arj
o
ed
i (2
003
) stated
th
at co
gn
itiv
e co
nflicts can
lead
to
cog
n
itiv
e d
i
stortio
ns an
d
cau
se low self
co
nfid
en
ce. The su
itab
l
e i
n
terv
en
tion
h
a
s no
t
b
e
en
foun
d fo
r p
e
o
p
l
e
sufferin
g
d
i
sab
ility [3].
Acco
r
d
i
n
g
W
i
rane
gara
(
2
01
0)
sel
f
c
o
nfi
d
ence i
s
a
pe
r
s
on
wh
o ca
n
cont
rol
t
h
e c
h
aract
er a
n
d
lifep
lan
s
or someo
n
e
wh
o
kn
ows h
i
m
an
d
h
i
s ab
ility
to
u
s
e h
i
s ab
ility to
d
o
so
m
e
t
h
ing
[4
]. Th
e b
a
sic
p
r
i
n
cip
l
e o
f
cog
n
itiv
e appro
a
ch
em
p
h
a
sizes th
e cap
acity o
f
th
e ind
i
v
i
du
al
in
self-d
iscov
e
ry an
d
ch
ang
e
th
eir
way
s
o
f
t
h
i
nki
ng i
n
or
der
t
o
obt
ai
n a
di
ff
erent
vi
ew
of
sel
f
an
d s
u
r
r
o
un
di
n
g
s
.
I
n
di
v
i
dual
s
a
r
e t
a
u
ght
t
o
i
d
ent
i
f
y
aber
ra
nt
pat
t
e
rns
of t
h
o
u
ght
an
d di
s
r
u
p
t
e
d t
h
ro
u
g
h
t
h
e eval
uat
i
o
n
pro
cess, by
i
d
ent
i
f
y
i
ng
, o
b
se
rvi
n
g
an
d m
o
n
ito
ring
au
to
m
a
tic th
o
ugh
ts.
Ind
i
v
i
du
als learn
to
d
i
stin
gu
ish
b
e
tween
p
e
rson
al tho
ugh
ts and
ev
en
ts in
the real
world
as well as lea
r
n ho
w the m
i
nd
can a
ffect
feelings
a
n
d be
ha
vior eve
n
e
x
ternal events
.
Religious copi
ng
whic
h is one of the representati
on reli
gious teachings should
be de
veloped as a
nindige
n
ous
wealth owne
d co
m
m
unities to deal with
disast
ers. Base
d
on
pre
v
ious
study am
ongs s
u
rvi
v
ors
of
the earthquake
in the reli
gi
o
u
s
area i
n
Je
je
ra
n, B
a
nt
ul
,
pray
and
act
s o
f
w
o
rs
hi
p ca
n i
m
pro
v
e
post
t
r
a
u
m
a
t
i
c
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
S
SN
:
2
252
-88
06
I
J
PH
S Vo
l. 3
,
N
o
. 3
,
Sep
t
emb
e
r
201
4
:
1
69
–
17
2
17
0
g
r
o
w
t
h
[5
]. This is in
lin
e w
ith
p
r
ev
i
o
u
s
st
ud
ies th
at earthq
u
a
k
e
su
rv
ivors su
fferi
n
g
physical d
i
sab
ilit
y u
s
ed
rel
i
g
i
o
us co
pi
n
g
suc
h
as “sh
o
l
at
ul
l
a
i
l
”
or p
r
ay
ni
g
h
t
[6]
.
C
opi
ng
deri
ve
d fr
om
t
h
e basi
c of Isl
a
m
,
such as
keep cl
ose r
e
l
a
t
i
ons
hi
p t
o
G
od c
oul
d pr
o
m
ot
e recove
ry
[6]
,
[
7
]
.
Am
awi
d
y
a
t
i
& Ut
am
i
(200
7) f
o
u
nd t
h
at
relig
io
sity in
creases
p
s
ycho
log
i
cal well-b
e
ing
t
o
th
e
eart
h
qua
ke su
r
v
i
v
ors
[
8
]
.
A
not
her
st
u
d
y
enri
c
h
es
p
r
ev
iou
s
fi
nd
in
g
s
t
h
at th
ere is p
o
s
itiv
e co
rrelati
o
n
b
e
tween
po
sitiv
e relig
iou
s
copin
g
styles and self-
acceptance
o
n e
a
rthqua
ke s
u
rvivors
[9].
Th
is stud
y exa
m
in
ed
th
e
effectiv
en
ess of
so
m
e
p
r
o
g
rams in
h
e
lp
ing
peo
p
l
e cop
e
with
th
e crisis
cause
d by
t
h
e di
sast
er. S
o
m
e
pro
g
r
am
s such as t
r
ai
ni
n
g
and
psy
c
h
o
e
duc
at
i
on o
n
vi
ct
i
m
eart
hqua
ke
suf
f
eri
n
g
d
i
sab
ilities and
th
eir
fam
i
li
es n
e
ed
to
be e
m
p
o
w
ered
in
th
e
p
r
o
cess o
f
in
terv
en
tio
n
and
assistan
ce fo
r
vul
nera
bl
e
gr
o
ups
i
n
t
h
e c
o
m
m
uni
t
y
.
2.
R
E
SEARC
H M
ETHOD
The s
u
bject of this researc
h
was
ear
t
q
u
a
k
e
su
rv
ivor
s suf
f
e
r
i
ng
ph
ysi
cal and t
h
eir fam
ily in the area
of
Se
wo
n B
a
nt
ul
. Sam
p
l
e
s we
re sel
ect
ed
ba
s
e
d
on
sc
reeni
n
g
of
3
0
su
b
j
ect
s an
d
has
bee
n
sel
ect
ed
1
6
s
u
bject
s
with
low t
o
m
o
d
e
rate
o
f
self
co
nfid
en
ce.
Scale u
s
ed
in
t
h
e research
was th
e con
f
i
d
ence scale th
at the reliab
ility co
efficien
t alph
a
(
α
)
= 0.943
with
d
i
fferen
t p
o
wer
ind
e
x
ite
m
(rit) 0
.
2
62 lo
west
and
h
i
gh
est
0
.
7
7
1
so it can
b
e
said
t
h
at th
e ite
m
is qu
ite
v
a
lid
an
d reliab
l
e.
The cognitive
training m
odules ha
ve c
o
nducted
professional judgm
e
nt of prac
titioners and
academ
ics in the field
of
psychol
ogy a
nd the sim
u
lati
on
m
o
dule by psyc
hol
ogists.
T
h
e
training m
e
thod wa
s
expe
ri
ent
i
a
l
l
earni
ng
, l
ect
ure
s
, di
sc
ussi
ons
an
d assi
g
n
m
e
nt
s. T
h
e t
r
ai
ni
n
g
c
o
n
d
u
ct
ed si
x
sessi
o
n
s
.
Ea
c
h
sessio
n
is co
ndu
cted
fo
r
75
m
i
n
u
t
es up
t
o
1
20 min
u
t
es.
3.
R
E
SU
LTS AN
D ANA
LY
SIS
3.1. The resul
ts of
Descripti
v
e analysis
Th
e i
n
terv
en
ti
o
n
used co
m
b
in
atio
n
o
f
cognitiv
e app
r
o
a
ch and
Islam
i
c a
p
pro
ach. Th
e
q
u
a
n
titativ
e
app
r
oach
has
do
ne
fo
r t
e
st
i
n
g t
h
e
di
ffe
re
nc
es bet
w
ee
n t
h
e expe
ri
m
e
nt
al gr
o
up sel
f
co
nfi
d
ence a
n
d c
ont
rol
g
r
ou
p
after cog
n
itiv
e trai
n
i
ng
and
isla
m
i
c
train
i
n
g
and
th
e qu
alitativ
e ap
pro
ach
is u
s
ed
to
d
e
term
in
e th
e
d
y
n
a
m
i
cs th
at o
ccurred
du
ri
ng
th
e pro
cess
of in
terv
en
tion
.
Tabel
1. T
h
e
s
c
ore
o
f
sel
f
–e
s
t
eem
of s
u
r
v
i
v
ors
su
ffe
ri
n
g
p
h
y
s
i
cal
di
sabi
l
i
t
y
bef
o
re
sel
ect
i
o
n
Standar
d
Norm
categor
y
N
%
x <
μ
-
1
σ
x < 56
Rendah
0
0
μ
- 1
σ
≤
x <
μ
+ 1
σ
56
≤
x < 84
Sedang
16
53.
33
μ
+ 1
σ
≤
x
84
≤
x
T
i
nggi
14
46.
67
Su
m
=
30
100
Th
rou
g
h
th
e categ
o
rizatio
n
o
f
th
e self co
nfiden
ce s
cale sc
ores, there
searc
h
er selects s
ubjects whom
met th
e criteria, bu
t after
b
e
ing
ask
e
d
th
e
sub
j
ect's w
illin
gness to
p
a
rticip
ate o
n
l
y 14
subjects were
willi
n
g
t
o
be
the
s
u
bject of researc
h
. Subject of
a
nu
mb
er
o
f
14
p
e
ople w
e
r
e
selected
b
y
r
a
ndo
m
t
o
b
e
g
r
oup
ed
i
n
th
e
expe
ri
m
e
nt
al
gr
o
up an
d t
h
e
cont
r
o
l
gr
o
u
p
.
Each g
r
o
u
p
con
s
i
s
t
s
of 7
(
s
e
ven
)
pe
o
p
l
e
. The su
b
j
ect
s of t
h
e
ex
p
e
rim
e
n
t
are g
i
v
e
n
train
i
n
g
wh
ere as con
t
ro
l subj
ects is
a waitin
g
list and
will b
e
g
i
v
e
n train
i
ng
b
y
t
h
e end
of the se
ssion.
3.
2. Th
e resul
ts of Friedm
an
Test,
Wilcoxon Test
an
d
Mann
Whitney
U-Tes
t
Friedm
an'
s
analysis of the test re
sults prove that the hypo
thesisis accepted, ie, there is a differe
nce in
self co
nfid
en
ce b
e
tween
th
e
p
r
e-test, po
st-t
est an
d
fo
llo
w-
up
on
th
e subj
ect o
f
th
e ex
per
i
m
e
n
t
al
g
r
oup
(
c
h
i
-
sq
uar
e
=12
.
0
7
4
;
p
=
0.002
; p
< 0
.
01
)
W
ilco
xon
an
al
ysis o
f
th
e test resu
lts p
r
ov
e th
at
there is a differe
nce in se
l
f
confide
n
ce
between the
pre
-
t
e
st
an
d
p
o
s
t
-
t
e
st
o
n
t
h
e s
u
b
j
ect
of
t
h
e
e
xpe
ri
m
e
nt
al
gr
ou
p
(
Z =
-
2
.
3
66;
p
=
0.
01
8
;
p <
0
.
0
5
)
;
t
h
ere is a
no
di
ffe
rence
i
n
sel
f
co
n
f
i
d
e
n
ce bet
w
ee
n t
h
e
p
o
st
-t
est
a
n
d
f
o
l
l
o
w
-
up
o
n
t
h
e su
b
j
ect
o
f
t
h
e
ex
peri
m
e
nt
al
gr
o
up
(
Z
= -0
.94
9
;
p= 0.343
; p >
0
.
0
5
)
;
th
er
e is adif
f
e
r
e
n
ce
i
n
self co
nfid
en
ce
between th
e pre-test
and
fo
llow-u
p
on
t
h
e s
u
b
j
ect
of
t
h
e e
xpe
ri
m
e
nt
al
gr
o
u
p
(
Z =
-
2
.
3
7
1
;
p =
0
.
01
8 ;
p
<
0
.
05
).
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
J
PH
S I
S
SN
:
225
2-8
8
0
6
Th
e
Desi
g
n
o
f
i
n
terven
tion
Amo
n
g
s
Su
rvivors o
f
Disa
ster (S
iti Urba
ya
tun
)
17
1
Man
n
-Wh
itn
ey
U-test showed th
at
the
r
e a
r
e
diffe
re
nces i
n
t
h
e le
vel of
self confi
d
ence
be
tween the
expe
ri
m
e
nt
al
g
r
o
u
p
an
d t
h
e cont
rol
g
r
o
u
p
(
p
re
-p
ost
:
Z= -
3
.
1
5
1
;
p = 0
.
0
2
;
p < 0.
0
1
)
in
wh
ic
h
th
e
av
e
r
age
i
n
crease
d
of
ex
peri
m
e
nt
al
gr
o
u
p
l
e
vel
i
s
1
1
,
whi
l
e
t
h
e
co
nt
r
o
l
g
r
ou
p i
s
4.
Man
n
-Wh
itn
ey
U-test showed th
at
the
r
e a
r
e
diffe
re
nces i
n
t
h
e le
vel of
self confi
d
ence
be
tween the
expe
ri
m
e
nt
al
gro
u
p
an
d t
h
e c
ont
rol
gr
o
up
(
post
-
f
o
l
l
o
w u
p
:
Z= -2
.0
6
7
;
p
= 0.
0
39;
p <
0.
05
)
in
wh
ich
the
avera
g
e i
n
crea
sed
of
ex
pe
ri
m
e
nt
al
g
r
o
u
p
l
e
v
e
l
i
s
9,
7
9
,
w
h
i
l
e
t
h
e c
ont
rol
g
r
ou
p i
s
5
,
2
1
.
Man
n
-Wh
itn
ey
U-test showed th
at
the
r
e a
r
e
diffe
re
nces i
n
t
h
e le
vel of
self confi
d
ence
be
tween the
expe
ri
m
e
nt
al
gro
u
p
an
d t
h
e
cont
rol
gr
o
up
(p
re-
f
ol
l
o
w
u
p
:
Z= -3
.1
3
7
;
p
= 0.
0
02;
p <
0.
01
)
in
wh
ich
th
e
avera
g
e i
n
crea
sed
of expe
rimental group
level is 11
,
wh
ile th
e co
n
t
ro
l
g
r
oup
4
.
Th
is stud
y is i
n
lin
e
with
Aliah
’
s stud
y (200
8)
wh
ich
foun
d th
e
p
r
esen
ce o
f
a si
g
n
i
fican
t
po
sitiv
e
relatio
n
s
h
i
p
between
po
sitiv
e th
in
k
i
ng
with
self co
nfid
en
ce [10
]
. Th
ere
wa
s th
e h
i
gh
er th
e po
sitiv
e th
in
k
i
n
g
,
th
e h
i
g
h
e
r t
h
e con
f
i
d
en
ce.
Particip
an
ts may ch
ang
e
th
e n
e
g
a
tiv
e and p
e
ssim
i
stic t
h
oug
h
t
s in
to
p
o
s
itiv
e
th
ou
gh
ts th
at ap
p
e
ar to
b
e
m
o
re op
timistic.
Selig
m
a
n
(1
991
; 20
05
)
states th
at p
e
ssim
i
s
m
d
u
e
to
th
e
neg
a
tiv
e
bel
i
e
fs agai
n
s
t
hi
m
were base
d o
n
a wr
on
g
way
of t
h
i
n
ki
n
g
;
by
chan
gi
n
g
t
h
e way
of t
h
i
nki
ng
of ne
gat
i
ve i
n
t
o
a p
o
s
itiv
e, th
e
in
d
i
v
i
d
u
a
l
who o
r
ig
i
n
ally h
a
d a p
e
ssi
m
i
s
tic
attitu
d
e
wou
l
d b
e
m
o
re op
timistic
[1
1
]
,[12]. Th
e
resu
lts
o
f
t
h
is
stu
d
y
also
supp
ort th
est
u
d
y
of m
e
ta-an
a
lysi
s b
y
H
a
r
r
i
set al. (
200
9)
an
d Pr
atiand
Piet
r
a
n
t
o
n
i
(2
0
0
9
)
t
h
at
f
o
un
d a st
r
o
ng
r
e
l
a
t
i
onshi
p bet
w
een
rel
i
g
i
o
us
copi
ng a
n
d p
o
st
-t
ra
um
at
i
c
g
r
o
w
t
h
[1
3]
,[
1
4
]
. Ti
ng
an
d
W
a
tson
(
2
0
07)
fou
nd th
at th
e f
eeli
n
g that G
od is
presen
t in h
i
s suffering
can
lead
to
ind
i
v
i
d
u
a
l
growt
h
and
ex
pe
ri
enci
ng
t
r
a
n
sf
orm
a
t
i
on
[
1
5]
.
Based
o
n
t
h
e categ
o
rizatio
n
of confid
en
ce before th
e t
r
ain
i
n
g
100
% su
bj
ect are still o
n
m
o
d
e
rate self
confide
n
ce cat
egorie and afte
r traini
ng
71
.43
% of
subj
ect b
eco
m
e
h
i
g
h
on sel
f
confi
d
e
n
ce and after
follow-
u
p10
0% o
f
subj
ect
on
t
h
e
categ
or
y o
f
h
i
gh
self
esteem
.
The res
u
lts showe
d
that there is im
provem
ent
of self confide
n
ce am
ongs physical disability
survivors. Subjects who c
o
nsistently have i
n
creased sc
ores confide
n
ce from
the
pr
e-test,
p
o
s
t
-
test and
fo
llo
w-
u
p
is su
bj
ect SG,
IT, JR,
SY,
MY and
B
S
.
Wh
ile
IK
is still n
o
t
con
s
isten
t
on
self confiden
ce’s sco
r
e.
3.
3.
An
al
ysi
s
o
f
S
U
D
decl
i
n
e
bef
o
re
and
a
f
t
er tr
ai
ni
ng
The st
udy als
o
conducted a
n
a
n
alysis
of th
e effects
o
f
a
g
i
v
e
n
relig
iou
s
trai
n
i
ng
in all subjects b
e
fore
an
d
af
ter
tr
ain
i
n
g
. Th
er
e wer
e
2
subj
ects dr
op
ou
t f
r
o
m
tr
ai
n
i
ng
, so
on
ly12 su
bj
ects
p
a
r
ticip
ate o
n
t
h
e I
s
l
a
m
i
c
t
r
ai
ni
n
g
.
T
h
er
e i
s
dec
r
ese
o
f
m
ean of
SU
D
(s
ub
ject
i
v
e
u
n
i
t
s
of
di
st
u
r
b
a
nces)
o
f
s
u
bje
c
t
fr
om
2.9
t
o
1.
8,
so
t
h
ere i
s
di
f
f
ere
n
ces
of
be
f
o
re
and
aft
e
r
t
r
ai
ni
ng
by
1.
1
p
o
i
n
t
.
3.
4.
The an
al
ysis
of F
o
cuse
d-Gr
oup
Discussion
After th
e FGD
with
t
h
e ch
airm
an
of the DPO
(D
ifable Person
s Org
a
n
i
zation
s
), tu
rn
s ou
t th
e
p
r
ob
lem
s
sti
ll
p
e
rcei
v
e
d b
y
peo
p
l
e
with ph
y
s
ical d
i
sa
b
ilities and
t
h
eir
famil
i
es. Th
ere
were subj
ect
wh
o feel
st
ress beca
use
of ec
o
nom
i
c
fact
ors a
n
d psy
c
hol
ogi
cal
fact
ors
suc
h
as s
u
bject
of
DP
O
m
e
m
b
ers "Sat
u hat
i
"
an
d
"Lind
h
u
Asih
" and
th
ere was a ch
ild
th
at still tr
au
matized
. Peo
p
l
e with
parap
l
egia n
eed
gu
id
ance on
h
o
m
e-care treat
m
en
t o
f
d
e
cu
b
itus. Th
ere
were sub
j
ects o
f
p
a
rap
l
eg
ia still n
o
t
jo
in th
e activ
ities in
th
e
co
mm
u
n
ity so
th
e n
e
x
t
in
terven
tio
n cou
l
d
g
i
v
e
th
em
train
i
ng
o
f
life sk
ills an
d psycho
-social assistan
ce.
4.
CO
NCL
USI
O
N
B
a
sed o
n
resul
t
of t
h
e st
udy
, i
t
can be c
oncl
u
ded t
h
at
co
gni
t
i
ve an
d Isl
a
m
i
c app
r
oach
wass
usef
ul
l
t
o
im
prove self- c
o
nfide
n
ce and
decrease
disturbance
of th
e s
u
bject s
u
ffering
physical
disabi
lity. Although
after
th
e FGD it seen
th
at
so
m
e
sub
j
ects were still stresse
d and
need
p
h
y
si
o
l
og
ical an
d psychoso
c
ial supp
ort.
ACKNOWLE
DGE
M
ENTS
Thi
s
resea
r
c
h
can n
o
t
be
do
ne
wi
t
h
o
u
t
t
h
e hel
p
of
vari
ous
pa
rt
i
e
s, especi
al
l
y
pr
o
n
o
u
n
ce
d
app
r
eci
at
i
o
n
a
n
d
t
h
a
nks
t
o
K
ope
rt
i
s
V
DI
Y,
M
i
ni
s
t
ry
of
Ed
uca
t
i
onan
d
C
u
l
t
u
re,
DI
PA
N
u
m
b
er
:
1
142
.1
3
/
K
5
/
K
L/2
013
.
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NC
ES
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