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CC B
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C
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A
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T
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Dep
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tm
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Mid
wif
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Po
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Su
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E
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titi
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ac
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id
1.
I
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RO
D
UCT
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O
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B
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s
t
m
ilk
is
th
e
b
est
f
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tr
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al
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f
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o
wth
u
p
to
s
ix
m
o
n
th
s
af
ter
b
ir
th
[
1
]
.
I
t
c
an
b
e
g
iv
e
n
u
n
til
th
e
ch
ild
is
two
y
ea
r
s
o
ld
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m
o
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e,
it
is
p
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o
v
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t
m
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as
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d
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d
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with
t
h
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b
a
b
y
'
s
n
ee
d
s
at
all
tim
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[
2
]
.
Pro
v
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in
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b
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t
m
ilk
h
as
b
ee
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s
h
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wn
to
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e
d
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ce
th
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k
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v
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f
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s
(
d
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r
r
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n
til
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ld
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m
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u
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r
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t
in
f
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tio
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s
)
an
d
o
th
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d
is
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B
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p
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f
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(
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esp
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test
in
al)
at
least
u
p
t
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s
ix
m
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n
th
s
o
f
ag
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[
3
]
.
B
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ea
s
t
m
ilk
is
b
en
ef
icial
f
o
r
m
ain
tain
in
g
th
e
h
ea
lth
o
f
th
e
b
ab
y
'
s
b
o
d
y
b
ec
au
s
e
it
co
n
tain
s
s
tr
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g
an
tib
o
d
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to
p
r
ev
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t
in
f
ec
tio
n
.
No
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o
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ly
p
r
ev
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t
in
f
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tio
n
,
b
r
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s
tf
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in
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also
r
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d
u
ce
s
m
o
r
b
id
ity
/m
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r
tality
r
ates
in
y
o
u
n
g
ch
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r
en
,
a
n
d
th
ei
r
in
tellig
en
ce
[
4
]
.
B
esid
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b
ein
g
b
en
e
f
icial
f
o
r
th
e
b
ab
y
,
b
r
e
astfe
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in
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h
elp
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t
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e
m
o
t
h
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t
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f
r
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m
th
e
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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8
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6
I
n
t J Pu
b
lic
Hea
lth
Sci
,
Vo
l.
1
3
,
No
.
4
,
Dec
em
b
er
20
24
:
1
84
1
-
1
8
47
1842
b
ir
th
p
r
o
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s
s
.
B
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s
tf
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d
in
g
f
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th
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f
ir
s
t
f
ew
d
ay
s
m
ak
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th
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u
ter
u
s
co
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tr
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ick
ly
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ce
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wh
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elp
s
u
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co
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tr
ac
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n
s
[
5
]
.
Ap
ar
t
f
r
o
m
b
ein
g
co
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s
id
er
e
d
th
e
b
est
f
o
o
d
f
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r
b
ab
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b
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t
m
ilk
also
h
as
a
p
o
s
itiv
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im
p
ac
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o
n
s
tr
en
g
th
en
in
g
th
e
b
o
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d
b
etw
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m
o
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e
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an
d
b
a
b
y
.
T
h
e
b
o
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d
b
etwe
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m
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an
d
c
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ild
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n
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n
ate,
b
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s
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m
o
m
en
t
u
m
to
g
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o
w
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at
b
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n
d
[
6
]
.
E
x
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s
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b
r
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s
tf
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d
in
g
ab
le
to
s
u
f
f
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t
th
e
n
u
tr
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n
al
n
ee
d
s
o
f
b
ab
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o
r
s
ix
m
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n
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s
.
Fre
s
h
b
r
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t
m
ilk
co
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tain
s
m
o
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lact
o
f
e
r
r
in
,
an
d
lip
id
t
h
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f
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n
[
7
]
.
I
f
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th
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s
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u
tr
itio
n
al
p
r
o
b
lem
s
ca
n
h
in
d
e
r
th
e
g
r
o
wth
an
d
d
ev
el
o
p
m
en
t
o
f
ch
ild
r
e
n
in
th
e
f
u
tu
r
e
[
8
]
.
C
u
r
r
en
tly
,
f
am
ily
s
tr
en
g
th
is
o
n
e
o
f
th
e
in
f
l
u
en
tial
f
ac
to
r
s
in
th
e
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
o
f
t
h
e
h
e
alth
s
ec
to
r
.
Fam
ily
r
esil
ien
ce
i
s
th
e
f
am
ily
'
s
ab
ilit
y
to
p
r
o
tect
o
n
eself
f
r
o
m
v
ar
io
u
s
p
r
o
b
lem
s
o
r
th
r
ea
ts
to
life
eith
er
co
m
e
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
f
am
il
y
its
elf
o
r
f
r
o
m
o
u
ts
id
e
th
e
f
am
ily
.
I
n
a
b
r
o
a
d
er
co
n
tex
t,
r
esil
ien
ce
in
th
e
f
am
ily
is
id
en
tifie
d
with
s
o
cial
s
ec
u
r
ity
b
ec
au
s
e
th
e
f
am
ily
is
th
e
s
m
allest
u
n
it
in
th
e
s
o
cial
s
y
s
tem
[
9
]
.
Fa
m
ily
is
a
s
o
u
r
ce
o
f
s
o
cial
s
u
p
p
o
r
t th
at
in
f
lu
en
ce
s
a
m
o
th
er
'
s
s
elf
-
ef
f
icac
y
in
p
r
o
v
id
in
g
e
x
clu
s
iv
e
b
r
ea
s
tf
ee
d
in
g
[
1
0
]
.
W
ith
in
th
e
f
am
ily
,
a
p
er
s
o
n
g
ets
v
ar
io
u
s
k
in
d
s
o
f
s
u
p
p
o
r
t,
i
n
clu
d
in
g
p
h
y
s
ical,
em
o
tio
n
al,
f
in
an
cial,
an
d
o
th
er
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
th
at
is
b
ig
g
er
[
1
1
]
.
Fam
ily
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
g
r
e
atly
in
f
lu
en
ce
s
th
e
s
u
cc
ess
o
f
b
r
ea
s
tf
ee
d
in
g
,
an
d
m
o
tiv
atio
n
is
a
m
ed
iato
r
o
f
th
e
m
o
th
er
’
s
r
ea
d
in
ess
to
b
r
ea
s
tf
ee
d
[
1
2
]
.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
t
h
is
s
tu
d
y
aim
ed
to
d
eter
m
in
e
th
e
ef
f
ec
t
o
f
p
h
y
s
ical
en
d
u
r
an
ce
an
d
ec
o
n
o
m
ic
r
esil
ien
ce
as
p
ar
t
o
f
f
am
ily
s
tr
en
g
th
o
n
b
r
ea
s
tf
ee
d
in
g
b
eh
av
io
r
.
2.
M
E
T
H
O
D
T
h
is
r
esear
ch
is
an
aly
tical
r
es
ea
r
ch
u
s
in
g
a
cr
o
s
s
-
s
ec
tio
n
al
d
esig
n
.
T
h
is
r
esear
ch
was
ca
r
r
ied
o
u
t
at
th
e
J
ag
ir
Prim
ar
y
Hea
lth
C
e
n
ter
Su
r
ab
ay
a
f
r
o
m
Feb
r
u
ar
y
u
n
til
No
v
em
b
er
2
0
2
1
.
T
h
e
p
o
p
u
latio
n
was
all
p
o
s
tp
ar
tu
m
m
o
th
er
s
wh
o
ca
m
e
to
J
ag
ir
Prim
ar
y
Hea
lth
C
en
ter
Su
r
ab
ay
a.
Sam
p
lin
g
i
n
th
is
r
esear
ch
u
s
es
s
im
p
le
r
an
d
o
m
s
am
p
lin
g
tech
n
iq
u
e.
Sam
p
les
co
n
s
is
ted
o
f
1
0
8
p
o
s
tp
ar
tu
m
m
o
t
h
er
s
ac
co
r
d
in
g
to
th
e
in
clu
s
io
n
an
d
ex
clu
s
io
n
cr
iter
ia.
I
n
clu
s
io
n
cr
iter
ia
in
th
is
r
esear
ch
in
clu
d
e
p
o
s
tp
ar
tu
m
wo
m
en
wh
o
h
av
e
th
e
m
o
th
er
an
d
ch
ild
h
ea
lth
b
o
o
k
(
B
u
ku
K
I
A
)
an
d
c
o
m
p
lete
d
ata
ar
e
r
ec
o
r
d
ed
,
h
a
v
e
b
a
b
ies
o
ld
er
t
h
an
s
ix
m
o
n
th
s
,
willin
g
to
b
e
a
r
esp
o
n
d
en
t
b
y
s
ig
n
in
g
in
f
o
r
m
ed
c
o
n
s
en
t.
I
n
d
ep
e
n
d
en
t
v
ar
iab
les
in
th
i
s
s
tu
d
y
ar
e
p
h
y
s
ical
en
d
u
r
a
n
ce
wh
ich
is
m
ea
s
u
r
e
d
th
r
o
u
g
h
f
o
u
r
in
d
icato
r
s
in
clu
d
in
g
f
o
o
d
a
d
eq
u
ac
y
,
n
u
tr
itio
n
al
s
tatu
s
,
f
am
ily
h
ea
lth
s
tatu
s
,
f
ix
lo
ca
tio
n
f
o
r
r
est,
an
d
ec
o
n
o
m
ic
r
esil
ien
ce
wh
ich
is
m
ea
s
u
r
ed
th
r
o
u
g
h
s
ev
en
i
n
d
icato
r
s
in
clu
d
in
g
h
o
u
s
eh
o
l
d
o
wn
er
s
h
ip
,
in
co
m
e,
in
c
o
m
e
ad
eq
u
ac
y
,
ch
ild
r
en
’
s
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
ab
ilit
ies,
d
r
o
p
o
u
t,
f
a
m
ily
s
av
in
g
s
,
an
d
h
ea
lth
in
s
u
r
a
n
ce
.
T
h
e
d
ep
e
n
d
en
t
v
ar
iab
le
is
b
r
ea
s
tf
ee
d
in
g
b
eh
a
v
io
r
.
R
esear
ch
d
ata
co
llectio
n
was
ca
r
r
ied
o
u
t
b
y
f
illi
n
g
o
u
t
a
q
u
esti
o
n
n
air
e
th
at
h
ad
b
ee
n
p
r
ep
a
r
ed
an
d
d
ata
c
o
llected
h
av
e
b
ee
n
an
aly
ze
d
u
s
in
g
ch
i
-
s
q
u
ar
e
test
an
d
lo
g
i
s
tic
r
eg
r
ess
io
n
test
.
T
h
is
r
esear
ch
h
as
b
ee
n
d
ec
lar
ed
eth
ically
f
ea
s
ib
le
b
y
th
e
Hea
lth
R
e
s
ea
r
ch
E
th
ics
C
o
m
m
ittee
(
KE
PK)
Po
ltek
k
es Ke
m
en
k
es Su
r
ab
ay
a
No
.
E
A/6
7
0
/KE
PK
-
Po
ltek
k
e
s
_
Sb
y
/V/2
0
2
1
.
3.
RE
SU
L
T
S AN
D
D
I
SCU
SS
I
O
N
3
.
1
.
Respo
nd
e
nt
cha
ra
ct
er
is
t
ics
T
ab
le
1
will
ex
p
lain
th
e
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
o
f
r
esp
o
n
d
e
n
t
ch
a
r
ac
ter
is
tics
.
So
m
e
o
f
th
e
c
h
a
r
ac
ter
is
tic
s
r
ep
o
r
ted
i
n
clu
d
e
a
g
e,
ed
u
ca
tio
n
,
wo
r
k
,
an
d
in
co
m
e
.
T
h
es
e
f
o
u
r
c
h
ar
ac
ter
is
tics
will
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
th
e
r
esear
ch
v
ar
iab
les.
B
ased
o
n
T
a
b
le
1
o
f
ch
ar
ac
te
r
is
tics
o
f
r
esp
o
n
d
e
n
ts
,
m
ajo
r
ity
o
f
r
esp
o
n
d
en
t
wer
e
2
0
-
3
5
y
ea
r
s
o
ld
.
Fo
r
th
e
last
lev
el
o
f
ed
u
ca
tio
n
m
ajo
r
ity
r
esp
o
n
d
en
t
was
s
en
io
r
h
ig
h
s
ch
o
o
l.
I
n
wo
r
k
ch
ar
ac
ter
is
tic,
th
e
m
ajo
r
ity
o
f
r
esp
o
n
d
e
n
t
wer
e
wo
r
k
in
g
.
W
h
ile
o
n
in
co
m
e
c
h
ar
ac
ter
is
tics
,
all
o
f
r
esp
o
n
d
en
t
h
av
e
an
in
c
o
m
e
less
th
an
1
0
m
illi
o
n
r
u
p
iah
s
.
T
ab
le
1
.
R
esp
o
n
d
e
n
t
c
h
ar
ac
ter
is
tics
C
a
t
e
g
o
r
i
e
s
F
r
e
q
u
e
n
c
y
P
e
r
c
e
n
t
a
g
e
(
%)
A
g
e
s
<
2
0
y
e
a
r
s
3
2
.
8
20
–
3
5
y
e
a
r
s
93
8
6
.
1
3
5
y
e
a
r
s
12
1
1
.
1
Ed
u
c
a
t
i
o
n
El
e
m
e
n
t
a
r
y
s
c
h
o
o
l
14
13
Ju
n
i
o
r
h
i
g
h
sc
h
o
o
l
15
1
3
.
9
S
e
n
i
o
r
h
i
g
h
s
c
h
o
o
l
59
5
4
.
6
C
o
l
l
e
g
e
20
1
8
.
5
W
o
r
k
Y
e
s
96
8
8
.
9
No
12
1
1
.
1
I
n
c
o
me
<
5
mi
l
l
i
o
n
37
3
4
.
3
5
–
1
0
m
i
l
l
i
o
n
71
6
5
.
7
>
1
0
m
i
l
l
i
o
n
0
0
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J Pu
b
lic
Hea
lth
Sci
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8
8
0
6
E
xc
lu
s
ive
b
r
ea
s
tfeed
in
g
b
eh
a
vio
r
b
a
s
ed
o
n
p
h
ysica
l e
n
d
u
r
a
n
ce
a
n
d
ec
o
n
o
mic
…
(
Tit
i Ma
h
a
r
r
a
n
i
)
1843
I
n
th
is
r
esear
ch
,
m
o
r
e
th
an
h
al
f
o
f
th
e
r
esp
o
n
d
en
ts
g
iv
e
e
x
cl
u
s
iv
e
b
r
ea
s
tf
ee
d
in
g
f
o
r
th
eir
b
ab
ies.
T
h
is
co
u
ld
b
e
d
u
e
to
th
e
f
ac
t
th
at
m
o
s
t
o
f
th
e
r
esp
o
n
d
en
ts
wer
e
in
th
e
r
ep
r
o
d
u
ctiv
e
ag
e
r
an
g
e
o
f
2
0
-
3
5
y
ea
r
s
.
Mo
th
er
’
s
ag
e
[
1
3
]
,
p
ar
ity
,
r
el
ig
io
n
[
1
4
]
,
u
n
em
p
lo
y
m
e
n
t,
s
o
cio
ec
o
n
o
m
ic
s
tatu
s
[
1
5
]
in
f
lu
en
ce
b
r
ea
s
tf
ee
d
in
g
s
u
cc
ess
.
No
t
o
n
ly
th
e
m
o
th
er
’
s
ag
e,
b
u
t
ed
u
ca
tio
n
also
in
f
lu
en
ce
b
r
ea
s
tf
ee
d
in
g
s
u
cc
ess
.
T
h
e
d
is
p
lay
r
ev
ea
led
th
at
h
ig
h
er
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
lev
els
wer
e
ass
o
ciate
d
with
in
cr
ea
s
ed
p
o
s
tp
ar
tu
m
b
r
ea
s
tf
ee
d
in
g
r
ates.
Mo
th
er
s
with
h
ig
h
lev
els
o
f
ed
u
ca
tio
n
ea
s
ie
r
to
r
ec
eiv
e
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
.
T
h
e
r
esu
lts
o
f
th
is
p
ar
ticu
lar
r
esear
ch
ar
e
in
co
n
tr
ast
with
th
o
s
e
o
f
a
p
r
io
r
s
tu
d
y
,
w
h
ich
in
d
icate
d
th
at
ed
u
ca
tio
n
h
ad
a
n
ad
v
er
s
e
co
n
n
ec
tio
n
wi
th
th
e
lik
elih
o
o
d
o
f
b
r
ea
s
tf
ee
d
in
g
.
Sp
ec
if
ically
,
t
h
e
p
r
e
v
io
u
s
r
esear
ch
s
u
g
g
ested
th
at
wo
m
e
n
with
a
co
lleg
e
d
eg
r
ee
o
r
h
ig
h
er
ed
u
ca
tio
n
lev
el
wer
e
less
lik
ely
to
b
r
ea
s
tf
ee
d
[
1
6
]
.
Acc
o
r
d
in
g
to
th
eir
f
in
d
in
g
s
,
it
is
ev
id
en
t
th
at
wo
m
en
wh
o
h
av
e
attain
ed
h
ig
h
er
le
v
els
o
f
ed
u
ca
tio
n
ten
d
to
s
ec
u
r
e
f
u
ll
-
tim
e
em
p
l
o
y
m
en
t
in
m
id
-
lev
el
m
an
a
g
em
en
t
p
o
s
itio
n
s
o
r
o
th
e
r
ch
allen
g
in
g
o
cc
u
p
atio
n
s
th
at
r
eq
u
ir
e
t
h
eir
ex
p
er
tis
e
an
d
s
k
ills
.
3
.
2
.
Sp
ec
if
ic
da
t
a
o
f
re
s
ea
rc
h v
a
r
ia
bles
T
h
e
T
ab
le
2
s
h
o
ws
d
escr
ib
e
th
e
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
o
f
r
esp
o
n
d
en
t
s
o
n
th
e
p
h
y
s
ical
en
d
u
r
a
n
ce
,
ec
o
n
o
m
ic
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r
ex
clu
s
iv
e
b
r
ea
s
tf
ee
d
in
g
b
eh
av
i
o
r
.
T
h
e
f
am
ily
is
th
e
s
m
allest
s
o
cial
u
n
it
o
f
s
o
ciety
wh
o
s
e
m
em
b
e
r
s
ar
e
b
o
u
n
d
b
y
m
ar
r
iag
e
a
n
d
b
lo
o
d
r
elatio
n
s
o
r
ad
o
p
tio
n
(
ad
o
p
ted
ch
ild
)
.
I
n
im
p
r
o
v
in
g
th
e
h
ea
lth
s
tatu
s
o
f
th
e
co
m
m
u
n
it
y
,
th
e
f
am
ily
h
as
a
n
im
p
o
r
tan
t
r
o
le.
E
ac
h
f
am
ily
m
em
b
e
r
h
as
th
eir
r
esp
ec
tiv
e
r
o
les
th
at
ar
e
in
ter
r
elate
d
s
o
th
at
r
esil
ien
ce
th
e
f
am
ily
b
ec
o
m
es
s
tr
o
n
g
an
d
th
e
h
o
p
e
is
to
ac
h
iev
e
f
am
ily
welf
ar
e
[
9
]
.
No
t o
n
ly
th
at,
h
u
s
b
an
d
’
s
s
u
p
p
o
r
t is r
ea
lly
n
e
ed
e
d
b
y
b
r
ea
s
tf
ee
d
in
g
m
o
th
e
r
s
[
1
7
]
.
Fo
o
d
ad
eq
u
ac
y
ca
n
b
e
i
n
d
icat
ed
b
y
s
u
f
f
icien
t
en
e
r
g
y
a
n
d
p
r
o
tein
n
ee
d
s
[
1
8
]
.
Ad
eq
u
ate
e
n
er
g
y
a
n
d
p
r
o
tein
n
ee
d
to
en
s
u
r
e
th
e
c
o
n
tin
u
ity
o
f
m
ilk
p
r
o
d
u
ctio
n
[
1
9
]
,
[
2
0
]
.
T
h
e
f
o
o
d
n
ee
d
s
o
f
b
r
e
astfe
ed
in
g
m
o
th
er
s
in
cr
ea
s
e
co
m
p
a
r
ed
t
o
th
o
s
e
w
h
o
d
o
n
o
t
b
r
ea
s
tf
ee
d
.
E
ac
h
m
o
th
er
n
ee
d
s
an
ad
d
itio
n
al
ca
l
o
r
ies
o
f
e
n
er
g
y
p
e
r
d
ay
to
p
r
o
d
u
ce
n
o
r
m
al
am
o
u
n
ts
o
f
b
r
ea
s
t
m
ilk
.
Nu
tr
itio
n
al
s
tatu
s
o
f
b
r
ea
s
tf
ee
d
in
g
m
o
th
er
s
d
eter
m
in
e
n
u
tr
ien
t
co
n
ce
n
tr
atio
n
s
o
n
th
ei
r
b
r
ea
s
t m
ilk
[
2
1
]
.
T
h
e
to
tal
en
e
r
g
y
r
e
q
u
ir
em
en
t d
u
r
in
g
b
r
ea
s
tf
ee
d
in
g
in
cr
ea
s
es to
2
,
4
0
0
k
al
p
er
d
a
y
wh
ich
is
u
s
ed
f
o
r
m
ilk
p
r
o
d
u
ctio
n
a
n
d
m
o
th
er
'
s
ac
tiv
ity
.
Fo
r
lacta
tio
n
t
o
b
e
s
u
cc
ess
f
u
l
,
it
is
im
p
o
r
tan
t
to
e
n
s
u
r
e
t
h
a
t
th
e
b
r
ea
s
tf
ed
i
n
d
iv
id
u
al
m
ai
n
tain
s
an
ap
p
r
o
p
r
iate
weig
h
t.
T
h
is
m
ea
n
s
th
at
th
e
in
d
iv
i
d
u
al'
s
weig
h
t
s
h
o
u
ld
b
e
n
eith
er
to
o
h
ig
h
n
o
r
to
o
lo
w,
as
b
o
th
s
ce
n
ar
io
s
ca
n
n
eg
ativ
ely
im
p
ac
t
th
e
lacta
tio
n
p
r
o
ce
s
s
.
W
h
en
th
e
b
r
ea
s
tf
ed
in
d
iv
id
u
al
is
at
an
id
ea
l
weig
h
t,
lacta
tio
n
ca
n
b
e
a
f
r
u
itfu
l
an
d
n
o
u
r
is
h
in
g
ex
p
er
ien
ce
f
o
r
b
o
t
h
m
o
th
er
an
d
ch
ild
,
p
r
o
m
o
tin
g
b
o
n
d
in
g
an
d
g
o
o
d
h
ea
lth
.
T
h
e
d
ay
-
by
-
d
a
y
p
r
o
p
o
s
als
s
t
ip
en
d
f
o
r
p
r
o
tein
am
id
l
ac
tatio
n
is
an
ex
tr
a
2
5
g
/d
ay
.
Du
r
in
g
p
r
eg
n
a
n
cy
,
th
e
r
eq
u
ir
em
e
n
t
f
o
r
n
u
m
er
o
u
s
m
icr
o
n
u
tr
ien
ts
in
cr
ea
s
es
wh
ile
v
itam
in
s
D
an
d
K,
ca
lciu
m
,
f
lu
o
r
id
e
,
m
ag
n
esiu
m
,
an
d
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
u
s
r
em
ain
ex
em
p
te
d
.
I
t
is
cr
u
cial
to
en
s
u
r
e
th
at
th
e
m
ater
n
al
d
iet
is
s
u
f
f
icien
t
in
th
ese
n
u
tr
ien
ts
,
as
th
ey
p
lay
a
v
ital
r
o
le
in
th
e
h
ea
lth
y
g
r
o
wth
an
d
d
e
v
elo
p
m
e
n
t
o
f
th
e
f
etu
s
.
As
s
u
ch
,
ex
p
ec
tan
t
m
o
th
er
s
s
h
o
u
ld
b
e
ad
v
is
ed
to
co
n
s
u
m
e
a
b
alan
c
ed
d
iet
co
n
tain
i
n
g
ess
en
tial
n
u
tr
ien
ts
to
m
ee
t
th
e
in
cr
ea
s
ed
d
em
an
d
s
o
f
p
r
eg
n
a
n
cy
.
Hea
lth
ca
r
e
p
r
o
f
ess
io
n
als
s
h
o
u
ld
b
e
awa
r
e
o
f
th
e
n
u
tr
i
en
t
in
tak
e
r
eq
u
ir
e
d
d
u
r
in
g
p
r
eg
n
an
cy
an
d
p
r
o
v
id
e
ap
p
r
o
p
r
iate
g
u
i
d
an
ce
to
e
n
s
u
r
e
o
p
tim
al
m
ater
n
al
an
d
f
etal
o
u
tco
m
es
[
1
]
,
[
2
2
]
.
I
t
is
g
en
er
ally
co
n
s
id
er
ed
s
af
e
f
o
r
lacta
tin
g
m
o
th
e
r
s
to
lo
s
e
weig
h
t,
as
it
d
o
es
n
o
t
h
av
e
a
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
im
p
ac
t
o
n
th
e
am
o
u
n
t o
r
q
u
ality
o
f
b
r
ea
s
t
m
ilk
p
r
o
d
u
ce
d
.
H
o
wev
er
,
it
i
s
im
p
o
r
tan
t
to
en
s
u
r
e
th
at
th
e
m
o
th
er
is
r
ec
eiv
in
g
ad
eq
u
ate
am
o
u
n
ts
o
f
ess
en
tial
n
u
tr
ien
ts
s
u
ch
as
m
ag
n
esiu
m
,
v
itam
in
B
6
,
f
o
late,
ca
lciu
m
,
an
d
zin
c.
T
h
ese
n
u
tr
ien
ts
ar
e
c
r
u
cial
f
o
r
b
o
th
th
e
m
o
th
e
r
'
s
h
ea
lth
an
d
t
h
e
b
a
b
y
'
s
g
r
o
wth
an
d
d
e
v
elo
p
m
e
n
t.
I
n
ad
e
q
u
ate
in
ta
k
e
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J Pu
b
lic
Hea
lth
Sci
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8
8
0
6
E
xc
lu
s
ive
b
r
ea
s
tfeed
in
g
b
eh
a
vio
r
b
a
s
ed
o
n
p
h
ysica
l e
n
d
u
r
a
n
ce
a
n
d
ec
o
n
o
mic
…
(
Tit
i Ma
h
a
r
r
a
n
i
)
1845
o
f
th
ese
n
u
tr
ien
ts
ca
n
p
o
ten
ti
ally
af
f
ec
t
th
e
m
o
th
er
'
s
ab
ilit
y
to
p
r
o
d
u
ce
en
o
u
g
h
m
ilk
an
d
ca
n
also
lead
to
d
ef
icien
cies in
th
e
b
ab
y
.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
it is
r
ec
o
m
m
en
d
ed
th
at
l
ac
tatin
g
m
o
th
er
s
wh
o
ar
e
tr
y
in
g
to
lo
s
e
weig
h
t d
o
s
o
u
n
d
er
t
h
e
g
u
i
d
an
ce
o
f
a
h
ea
lth
ca
r
e
p
r
o
f
ess
io
n
al
to
en
s
u
r
e
t
h
at
th
eir
n
u
t
r
itio
n
al
n
ee
d
s
ar
e
b
ein
g
m
et
[
2
3
]
.
An
o
th
er
v
ar
ia
b
le
in
th
is
r
esear
ch
is
ec
o
n
o
m
ic
r
esil
ien
ce
.
I
t is m
ea
s
u
r
ed
b
y
s
ev
en
in
d
icato
r
s
in
clu
d
in
g
h
o
u
s
eh
o
ld
o
wn
e
r
s
h
ip
,
in
co
m
e
,
in
co
m
e
ad
e
q
u
ac
y
,
c
h
ild
r
en
’
s
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
ab
ilit
ies,
d
r
o
p
o
u
t,
f
am
ily
s
av
in
g
s
,
an
d
h
ea
lth
in
s
u
r
a
n
ce
.
An
aly
s
i
s
r
esu
lt
r
ep
o
r
ted
th
at
h
o
u
s
eh
o
ld
o
wn
er
s
h
ip
an
d
h
ea
lth
in
s
u
r
an
ce
is
in
f
lu
en
cin
g
f
ac
to
r
f
o
r
ex
clu
s
iv
e
b
r
ea
s
tf
ee
d
in
g
b
e
h
av
io
r
.
E
d
u
ca
tio
n
lev
el,
in
co
m
e,
an
d
p
lace
o
f
r
esid
e
n
c
e
ar
e
c
o
n
s
id
er
ed
to
b
e
th
e
b
asics
o
f
s
o
cial
s
tr
u
ct
u
r
e
[
2
4
]
.
T
o
ass
ig
n
h
o
u
s
eh
o
l
d
as
a
n
in
d
icato
r
o
f
s
o
cio
ec
o
n
o
m
ic
s
tatu
s
,
we
co
n
s
id
er
ed
t
h
e
lo
wer
if
t
h
e
f
a
m
ily
d
id
n
o
t
h
av
e
p
r
iv
ate
p
r
o
p
er
ty
o
r
th
e
h
ig
h
er
i
f
th
e
f
am
ily
-
o
wn
ed
p
r
iv
ate
p
r
o
p
er
t
y
[
2
5
]
,
[
2
6
]
.
Ho
u
s
eh
o
ld
o
wn
e
r
s
h
ip
in
d
ir
ec
tly
s
h
o
ws
th
e
ec
o
n
o
m
ic
ab
ilit
y
o
f
th
e
f
am
ily
.
Dif
f
e
r
en
ce
s
in
s
o
cial,
p
s
y
ch
o
lo
g
ical,
em
o
tio
n
al,
an
d
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
tal
f
ac
to
r
s
c
o
n
tr
ib
u
te
to
th
e
d
ec
is
io
n
o
f
wh
eth
er
a
b
ab
y
is
b
r
ea
s
tf
ed
o
r
b
o
ttle
-
f
ed
[
2
7
]
.
I
n
lin
e
with
th
is
r
esear
ch
,
a
s
tu
d
y
in
E
th
io
p
ia
also
r
ep
o
r
ted
th
at
o
wn
er
s
h
ip
o
f
th
e
h
o
u
s
e
was
f
o
u
n
d
to
b
e
an
in
d
e
p
en
d
e
n
t
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
p
r
ed
ictin
g
f
ac
to
r
f
o
r
ea
r
ly
in
itiatio
n
o
f
b
r
ea
s
tf
ee
d
i
n
g
.
Ho
u
s
eh
o
ld
s
ize
an
d
d
is
tr
ict
ar
ea
also
d
eter
m
in
e
th
e
s
u
cc
ess
o
f
ex
clu
s
iv
e
b
r
ea
s
tf
ee
d
in
g
[
2
8
]
.
B
esid
es
h
o
u
s
eh
o
ld
o
wn
er
s
h
i
p
,
th
is
s
tu
d
y
also
r
e
p
o
r
ted
th
at
h
ea
lth
in
s
u
r
a
n
ce
as
an
i
n
d
icato
r
o
f
ec
o
n
o
m
ic
r
esil
ien
ce
s
ig
n
if
ican
tly
in
f
lu
e
n
ce
d
e
x
clu
s
iv
e
b
r
e
astfe
ed
in
g
b
eh
a
v
io
r
.
Patien
ts
with
p
r
iv
ate
h
ea
lth
in
s
u
r
an
ce
h
av
e
th
e
p
o
s
s
ib
ilit
y
o
f
b
etter
ex
cl
u
s
iv
e
b
r
ea
s
tf
ee
d
in
g
th
an
wh
o
d
o
n
o
t
ca
r
r
y
p
r
i
v
ate
h
ea
lth
in
s
u
r
an
ce
[
2
9
]
.
Hav
i
n
g
h
e
alth
in
s
u
r
an
ce
h
as a
p
o
s
itiv
e
im
p
ac
t o
n
ex
clu
s
iv
e
b
r
ea
s
tf
ee
d
in
g
b
eh
av
io
r
.
Ou
r
f
in
d
i
n
g
th
at
f
r
o
m
7
2
r
es
p
o
n
d
e
n
ts
wh
o
h
av
e
e
x
clu
s
iv
e
b
r
ea
s
tf
ee
d
in
g
,
6
6
o
f
th
em
h
av
e
h
ea
lth
in
s
u
r
an
ce
.
I
t
is
co
n
s
is
ten
t
with
o
th
er
r
esear
ch
th
at
d
o
cu
m
en
t
ed
an
in
c
r
ea
s
e
in
b
o
th
th
e
to
tal
n
u
m
b
e
r
o
f
m
o
n
th
s
s
p
en
t
b
r
ea
s
tf
ee
d
in
g
an
d
m
o
n
th
s
ex
clu
s
iv
e
b
r
ea
s
tf
ee
d
i
n
g
f
o
r
ch
ild
r
en
with
p
r
iv
ate
h
ea
l
th
in
s
u
r
an
ce
[
3
0
]
.
A
n
o
t
h
e
r
m
e
t
a
-
a
n
a
l
y
s
is
a
ls
o
r
e
p
o
r
t
e
d
t
h
a
t
b
r
e
a
s
t
f
e
e
d
i
n
g
-
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
s
e
r
v
i
c
es
i
n
c
r
ea
s
e
d
b
r
e
as
t
f
e
e
d
in
g
d
u
r
a
t
i
o
n
[
3
1
]
.
4.
CO
NCLU
SI
O
N
T
h
er
e
is
an
in
f
lu
en
ce
o
f
p
h
y
s
ical
en
d
u
r
an
ce
an
d
ec
o
n
o
m
i
c
r
esil
ien
ce
o
n
ex
clu
s
iv
e
b
r
ea
s
tf
ee
d
in
g
b
eh
av
io
r
.
Ph
y
s
ical
en
d
u
r
an
ce
in
f
lu
en
ce
s
th
e
b
eh
av
i
o
r
o
f
e
x
clu
s
iv
e
b
r
ea
s
tf
ee
d
in
g
o
n
th
e
in
d
icato
r
o
f
f
o
o
d
ad
eq
u
ac
y
an
d
th
e
f
ac
to
r
o
f
ec
o
n
o
m
ic
r
esil
ien
ce
af
f
ec
ts
th
e
b
eh
a
v
io
r
o
f
ex
cl
u
s
iv
e
b
r
ea
s
tf
ee
d
in
g
o
n
th
e
in
d
icato
r
s
o
f
h
o
u
s
eh
o
ld
o
wn
er
s
h
ip
an
d
h
ea
lth
in
s
u
r
an
ce
.
B
y
id
en
tify
in
g
th
e
f
ac
to
r
s
,
we
ca
n
to
r
ed
u
ce
s
o
cio
ec
o
n
o
m
ic
p
r
o
b
lem
s
an
d
im
p
r
o
v
e
th
e
m
ater
n
al
an
d
c
h
i
ld
h
ea
lth
o
u
tco
m
e
.
On
e
o
f
th
e
lim
itatio
n
s
o
f
th
is
r
esear
ch
is
lim
ited
r
esear
ch
l
o
ca
tio
n
.
T
h
e
r
esear
ch
lo
ca
tio
n
was
o
n
ly
ca
r
r
ied
o
u
t
at
a
lo
ca
l
h
ea
lth
ce
n
ter
.
Ho
wev
er
,
it
is
q
u
ite
r
ep
r
esen
tativ
e
o
f
th
e
d
iv
e
r
s
e
co
n
d
itio
n
s
o
f
r
esp
o
n
d
e
n
ts
.
Fu
tu
r
e
r
esear
c
h
m
u
s
t
b
e
d
esig
n
e
d
to
m
ea
s
u
r
e
o
th
e
r
d
im
en
s
io
n
s
o
f
h
ea
lth
s
o
ex
cl
u
s
iv
e
b
r
ea
s
tf
ee
d
in
g
b
e
h
av
io
r
in
co
m
m
u
n
ity
c
an
b
e
ac
h
ie
v
ed
.
RE
F
E
R
E
NC
E
S
[
1
]
C
.
S
á
n
c
h
e
z
,
L
.
F
r
a
n
c
o
,
P
.
R
e
g
a
l
,
A
.
La
mas
,
A
.
C
e
p
e
d
a
,
a
n
d
C
.
F
e
n
t
e
,
“
B
r
e
a
s
t
mi
l
k
:
a
s
o
u
r
c
e
o
f
f
u
n
c
t
i
o
n
a
l
c
o
m
p
o
u
n
d
s
w
i
t
h
p
o
t
e
n
t
i
a
l
a
p
p
l
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
i
n
n
u
t
r
i
t
i
o
n
a
n
d
t
h
e
r
a
p
y
,
”
N
u
t
r
i
e
n
t
s
,
v
o
l
.
1
3
,
n
o
.
3
,
p
.
1
0
2
6
,
M
a
r
.
2
0
2
1
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
3
3
9
0
/
n
u
1
3
0
3
1
0
2
6
.
[
2
]
A
.
G
a
t
e
s,
T
.
M
a
r
i
n
,
G
.
D
e
L
e
o
,
a
n
d
B
.
K
.
S
t
a
n
sf
i
e
l
d
,
“
R
e
v
i
e
w
o
f
p
r
e
t
e
r
m h
u
ma
n
‐
mi
l
k
n
u
t
r
i
e
n
t
c
o
mp
o
si
t
i
o
n
,
”
N
u
t
ri
t
i
o
n
i
n
C
l
i
n
i
c
a
l
Pra
c
t
i
c
e
,
v
o
l
.
3
6
,
n
o
.
6
,
p
p
.
1
1
6
3
–
1
1
7
2
,
D
e
c
.
2
0
2
1
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
0
0
2
/
n
c
p
.
1
0
5
7
0
.
[
3
]
N
.
M
.
F
r
a
n
k
e
t
a
l
.
,
“
T
h
e
r
e
l
a
t
i
o
n
s
h
i
p
b
e
t
w
e
e
n
b
r
e
a
st
f
e
e
d
i
n
g
a
n
d
r
e
p
o
r
t
e
d
r
e
sp
i
r
a
t
o
r
y
a
n
d
g
a
s
t
r
o
i
n
t
e
s
t
i
n
a
l
i
n
f
e
c
t
i
o
n
r
a
t
e
s
i
n
y
o
u
n
g
c
h
i
l
d
r
e
n
,
”
BM
C
p
e
d
i
a
t
ri
c
s
,
v
o
l
.
1
9
,
n
o
.
1
,
p
.
3
3
9
,
2
0
1
9
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
1
8
6
/
s
1
2
8
8
7
-
0
1
9
-
1
6
9
3
-
2.
[
4
]
A
.
M
.
P
r
e
n
t
i
c
e
,
“
B
r
e
a
s
t
f
e
e
d
i
n
g
i
n
t
h
e
mo
d
e
r
n
w
o
r
l
d
,
”
A
n
n
a
l
s
o
f
N
u
t
r
i
t
i
o
n
a
n
d
M
e
t
a
b
o
l
i
sm
,
v
o
l
.
7
8
,
n
o
.
S
u
p
p
l
.
2
,
p
p
.
2
9
–
3
8
,
2
0
2
2
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
1
5
9
/
0
0
0
5
2
4
3
5
4
.
[
5
]
C
.
S
e
v
e
r
i
n
s
e
n
,
E
.
N
e
e
l
y
,
a
n
d
R
.
H
u
t
s
o
n
,
“
R
e
s
i
st
i
n
g
s
t
i
g
m
a
:
t
h
e
r
o
l
e
o
f
o
n
l
i
n
e
c
o
mm
u
n
i
t
i
e
s
i
n
y
o
u
n
g
m
o
t
h
e
r
s’
s
u
c
c
e
ssf
u
l
b
r
e
a
s
t
f
e
e
d
i
n
g
,
”
I
n
t
e
r
n
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
Bre
a
st
f
e
e
d
i
n
g
J
o
u
r
n
a
l
,
v
o
l
.
1
9
,
n
o
.
1
,
p
.
1
7
,
2
0
2
4
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
1
8
6
/
s
1
3
0
0
6
-
0
2
4
-
0
0
6
2
6
-
z.
[
6
]
S
.
O
n
d
r
u
š
o
v
á
,
“
B
r
e
a
st
f
e
e
d
i
n
g
a
n
d
b
o
n
d
i
n
g
:
a
s
u
r
p
r
i
si
n
g
r
o
l
e
o
f
b
r
e
a
s
t
f
e
e
d
i
n
g
d
i
f
f
i
c
u
l
t
i
e
s,”
Bre
a
s
t
f
e
e
d
i
n
g
Me
d
i
c
i
n
e
,
v
o
l
.
1
8
,
n
o
.
7
,
p
p
.
5
1
4
–
5
2
1
,
2
0
2
3
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
0
8
9
/
b
f
m.
2
0
2
3
.
0
0
2
1
.
[
7
]
R
.
Y
a
n
g
,
D
.
C
h
e
n
,
H
.
W
a
n
g
,
a
n
d
X
.
X
u
,
“
Ex
p
e
r
i
e
n
c
e
s
o
f
mo
t
h
e
r
s
o
f
N
I
C
U
p
r
e
t
e
r
m
i
n
f
a
n
t
s
i
n
m
i
l
k
ma
n
a
g
e
men
t
o
u
t
o
f
t
h
e
h
o
s
p
i
t
a
l
:
a
q
u
a
l
i
t
a
t
i
v
e
s
t
u
d
y
,
”
I
n
t
e
r
n
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
B
r
e
a
s
t
f
e
e
d
i
n
g
J
o
u
r
n
a
l
,
v
o
l
.
1
7
,
n
o
.
1
,
p
p
.
1
–
9
,
2
0
2
2
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
1
8
6
/
s
1
3
0
0
6
-
022
-
0
0
5
4
0
-
2.
[
8
]
M
.
M
u
l
i
a
n
i
,
H
.
I
.
T
o
n
d
o
n
g
,
A
.
F
.
L
e
w
a
,
M
.
M
u
t
m
a
i
n
n
a
h
,
A
.
M
a
i
n
e
n
y
,
a
n
d
A
.
A
sr
a
w
a
t
y
,
“
D
e
t
e
r
mi
n
a
n
t
s
o
f
s
t
u
n
t
i
n
g
i
n
c
h
i
l
d
r
e
n
a
g
e
d
2
4
-
5
9
mo
n
t
h
s
:
a
c
a
s
e
-
c
o
n
t
r
o
l
s
t
u
d
y
,
”
I
n
t
e
rn
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
P
u
b
l
i
c
H
e
a
l
t
h
S
c
i
e
n
c
e
,
v
o
l
.
1
2
,
n
o
.
3
,
p
p
.
1
2
8
7
–
1
2
9
4
,
2
0
2
3
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
1
5
9
1
/
i
j
p
h
s
.
v
1
2
i
3
.
2
2
3
1
3
.
[
9
]
E.
C
h
e
t
w
y
n
d
,
“
R
e
s
i
l
i
e
n
c
y
i
n
b
r
e
a
s
t
f
e
e
d
i
n
g
a
n
d
l
a
c
t
a
t
i
o
n
r
e
se
a
r
c
h
:
a
c
o
n
v
e
r
sat
i
o
n
a
b
o
u
t
sc
h
o
l
a
s
t
i
c
t
r
a
n
sp
a
r
e
n
c
y
,
b
i
a
s,
a
n
d
sy
s
t
e
ms
o
f
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
,
”
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
H
u
m
a
n
L
a
c
t
a
t
i
o
n
,
v
o
l
.
4
0
,
n
o
.
1
,
p
p
.
7
–
9
,
F
e
b
.
2
0
2
4
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
1
7
7
/
0
8
9
0
3
3
4
4
2
3
1
2
1
8
2
8
0
.
[
1
0
]
Y
.
M
.
I
d
a
n
d
K
.
T
.
S
e
l
c
u
k
,
“
A
ss
o
c
i
a
t
i
o
n
b
e
t
w
e
e
n
p
o
s
t
p
a
r
t
u
m
d
e
p
r
e
ss
i
o
n
l
e
v
e
l
,
s
o
c
i
a
l
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
l
e
v
e
l
a
n
d
b
r
e
a
s
t
f
e
e
d
i
n
g
a
t
t
i
t
u
d
e
a
n
d
b
r
e
a
s
t
f
e
e
d
i
n
g
se
l
f
-
e
f
f
i
c
a
c
y
i
n
e
a
r
l
y
p
o
s
t
p
a
r
t
u
m
w
o
m
e
n
,
”
PL
o
S
O
N
E
,
v
o
l
.
1
6
,
n
o
.
4
,
p
p
.
1
–
1
2
,
2
0
2
1
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
3
7
1
/
j
o
u
r
n
a
l
.
p
o
n
e
.
0
2
4
9
5
3
8
.
[
1
1
]
Y
.
S
a
r
i
,
T.
A
f
i
a
t
i
n
,
S
u
b
a
n
d
i
,
a
n
d
H
.
W
.
S
e
t
i
a
w
a
n
,
“
S
u
n
d
a
n
e
se
f
a
m
i
l
y
s
t
r
e
n
g
t
h
:
a
p
r
e
l
i
m
i
n
a
r
y
s
t
u
d
y
,
”
J
u
r
n
a
l
I
l
m
i
a
h
P
e
u
r
a
d
e
u
n
,
v
o
l
.
8
,
n
o
.
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