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c
a
r
e
e
r
de
c
i
s
i
o
n
s
(
qua
li
t
a
t
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ly
a
s
s
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s
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d)
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T
h
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m
a
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m
va
l
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t
ha
t
c
a
n
b
e
o
b
t
a
i
ne
d
i
s
378,
w
hil
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m
i
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im
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m
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42.
T
o
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a
s
e
t
h
e
da
t
a
pr
e
s
e
n
t
a
t
i
o
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i
n
t
h
e
r
e
s
u
l
t
s
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c
t
i
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n
,
c
a
r
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r
de
c
i
s
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o
n
d
if
f
i
c
u
l
t
i
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s
we
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d
i
v
i
de
d
i
n
to
t
h
r
e
e
c
a
t
e
g
o
r
i
e
s
,
na
m
e
ly
:
1)
mi
l
d
d
i
f
f
i
c
u
l
t
i
e
s
(
tot
a
l
s
c
o
r
e
42
-
154)
,
2)
m
o
de
r
a
t
e
di
f
f
i
c
u
l
t
i
e
s
(
t
ot
a
l
s
c
o
r
e
155
-
266)
,
a
n
d
3)
s
e
v
e
r
e
d
i
f
f
i
c
u
l
t
i
e
s
(
tot
a
l
s
c
o
r
e
267
-
378
)
.
T
h
e
da
t
a
di
s
t
r
i
b
ut
i
o
n
o
f
c
a
r
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r
de
c
i
s
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o
n
d
i
f
f
i
c
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l
t
y
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s
n
o
r
m
a
l
(
α
=
.
307)
.
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s
c
r
i
pt
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ve
s
t
a
t
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c
a
n
d
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s
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n
a
ly
z
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ng
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h
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da
t
a
(
α
<
.
05
)
.
3.
RE
S
UL
T
S
A
ND
DI
S
CU
S
S
I
ONS
M
o
s
t
r
e
s
po
n
de
n
t
s
we
r
e
s
i
n
g
l
e
f
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m
a
l
e
s
a
ge
d
18
-
20
y
e
a
r
s
o
l
d,
B
a
l
i
ne
s
e
,
a
n
d
li
v
i
ng
w
i
t
h
pa
r
e
n
t
s
wh
o
s
e
pr
o
f
e
s
s
i
o
n
w
a
s
n
o
n
-
n
ur
s
i
ng.
M
o
s
t
i
n
t
e
r
n
s
we
r
e
o
l
d
e
r
t
h
a
n
f
r
e
s
hm
e
n
.
S
o
m
e
i
n
t
e
r
ns
e
v
e
n
e
x
p
e
r
i
e
nc
e
d
m
a
r
r
i
a
g
e
li
f
e
dur
i
ng
t
h
e
i
r
s
t
ud
y
pe
r
i
o
d.
T
a
bl
e
1
e
x
p
l
a
i
ns
de
m
o
gr
a
p
hi
c
c
h
a
r
a
c
t
e
r
i
s
t
i
c
o
f
r
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s
po
n
de
n
t
s
i
n
de
t
a
i
l
s
.
T
h
e
r
e
s
u
l
t
s
o
f
de
s
c
r
i
pt
i
v
e
s
t
a
t
i
s
t
i
c
s
h
o
we
d
t
h
a
t
t
h
e
M
e
a
n
o
f
c
a
r
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c
i
s
i
o
n
d
if
f
i
c
u
l
t
y
wa
s
hi
g
h
e
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n
n
ur
s
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f
r
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s
hm
e
n
c
o
m
pa
r
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d
t
o
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n
t
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r
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s
,
a
n
d
t
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d
a
t
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m
o
r
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h
o
m
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ge
n
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r
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D
(
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D:
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14
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
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P
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8806
C
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375
T
a
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1
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De
m
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gr
a
phi
c
c
h
a
r
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n=
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I
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r
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n=
66)
F
r
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qu
e
n
c
y
%
F
r
e
qu
e
n
c
y
%
1. A
ge
(
y
e
a
r
s
o
ld
)
a.
16
-
17
b.
18
-
20
c.
21
-
23
d.
24
-
26
e.
>
26
14
90
5
0
1
12.73
81.82
4.55
0
0.91
0
1
58
7
0
0
1.52
87.88
10.61
0
2. G
e
nde
r
a.
F
e
ma
l
e
b.
M
a
le
85
2
5
77.27
22.73
49
17
74.24
25.76
3. E
th
ni
c
a
. J
a
v
a
ne
s
e
b. B
a
li
ne
s
e
c
. C
hi
ne
s
e
d. N
T
T
o
r
e
a
s
t
I
nd
o
ne
s
ia
e
. B
or
n
e
o
f
.
S
ul
a
w
e
s
i
g. O
th
e
r
s
18
58
2
18
3
0
11
16.36
52.73
1.82
16.36
2.73
0
10.00
10
47
1
5
0
2
1
15.15
71.21
1.52
7.58
0
3.03
1.52
4. H
ig
h s
c
h
oo
l
(
H
S
)
ba
c
kgr
o
und
a.
H
S
i
n
B
a
li
b.
H
S
i
n
E
a
s
t
J
a
v
a
c.
H
S
o
ut
s
id
e
J
a
v
a
(
R
I
)
64
17
29
58.18
15.45
26.36
47
11
8
71.21
16.67
12.12
5. M
a
r
it
a
l
s
ta
tu
s
a
. S
in
gl
e
b. I
n a
r
e
la
ti
o
ns
hi
p
c
. M
a
r
r
i
e
d
d. S
e
pa
r
a
t
e
d
96
14
0
0
87.27
12.73
0
0
39
23
3
1
59.09
34.85
4.5
5
1.52
6. S
oc
i
oe
c
o
n
o
mi
c
s
ta
tu
s
a
. M
id
dl
e
b. L
o
w
m
id
dl
e
c
. M
id
dl
e
up
83
25
2
75.45
22.73
1.82
53
8
5
80.30
12.12
7.58
7.
L
i
v
in
g a
t
h
o
me
w
i
th
a
. P
a
r
e
nt
s
b. S
ib
li
ng
c
. E
x
t
e
nd
e
d F
a
mi
l
y
d. F
r
ie
nds
e
. A
l
o
n
e
59
4
13
30
4
53.64
3.64
11.82
27.27
3.64
52
2
6
5
1
78.79
3.03
9.09
7.58
1.52
8. P
r
of
e
s
s
io
n
of
h
o
us
e
-
ma
t
e
a
. N
ur
s
e
b.
D
oc
t
o
r
c
. P
ha
r
ma
c
is
t
d. O
th
e
r
s
3
1
1
105
2.73
0.91
0.91
95.45
4
1
0
61
6.06
1.52
0
92.42
9. N
ur
s
e
i
s
pa
r
e
nt
’
s
pr
of
e
s
s
i
o
n
a
. Y
e
s
b. N
o
6
104
5.45
94.55
4
62
6.06
93.94
10. R
e
a
s
o
n
of
c
h
oo
s
in
g nur
s
in
g ma
jo
r
a
. M
a
ki
ng f
a
mi
l
y
pr
o
ud
b. B
e
in
g a
bl
e
t
o
c
a
r
e
t
h
e
f
a
mi
l
y
c
. P
e
r
s
o
na
l
dr
e
a
m/
pr
e
f
e
r
e
n
c
e
d. B
e
in
g a
bl
e
t
o
h
e
lp
o
th
e
r
s
e
. M
a
n
y
j
o
b
o
pp
or
tu
ni
ti
e
s
f
. O
th
e
r
s
1
9
54
32
3
11
0.91
8.18
49.09
29.09
2.73
10.00
0
6
13
14
8
25
0
9.09
19.70
21.21
12.12
37.88
11. M
o
ti
v
a
t
o
r
a
. P
a
r
e
nt
s
b. S
e
l
f
c
. O
th
e
r
s
90
18
2
81.82
16.36
1.82
54
10
2
81.82
15.15
3.03
S
o
m
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pe
r
t
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uc
h
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Ami
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Ga
t
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[
3]
.
M
a
u
f
o
un
d
t
h
a
t
m
a
ny
s
t
ude
n
t
s
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t
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l
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m
a
k
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c
a
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h
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g
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duc
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t
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t
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t
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t
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o
t
h
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f
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k
[
3]
.
A
c
c
o
r
di
ng
to
S
l
a
n
e
y
,
c
a
r
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c
i
s
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o
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d
if
f
i
c
u
l
t
y
m
e
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s
pr
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bl
e
m
s
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n
c
o
un
t
e
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d
by
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nd
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v
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l
s
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n
d
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c
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t
h
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s
[
2]
.
R
e
s
u
l
t
s
s
h
o
we
d
t
h
a
t
t
h
e
m
a
j
o
r
i
t
y
o
f
r
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s
po
n
d
e
n
t
s
i
n
b
o
t
h
gr
o
ups
e
x
pe
r
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e
n
c
e
d
m
o
de
r
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d
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f
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de
c
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t
h
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i
r
c
a
r
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r
s
.
T
hi
s
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s
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l
t
wa
s
s
uppo
r
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e
d
by
a
s
t
ud
y
t
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r
ds
232
s
t
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t
s
wh
o
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Am
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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.
J
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P
ubl
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c
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I
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N:
2252
-
8806
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l
a
t
i
o
n
b
e
t
we
e
n
c
a
r
e
e
r
de
c
i
s
i
o
n
-
m
a
k
i
ng
s
e
lf
-
e
f
f
i
c
a
c
y
a
n
d
c
a
r
e
e
r
de
c
is
i
o
n
d
i
f
f
i
c
u
l
t
y
i
n
s
t
ude
n
t
s
[
4]
.
T
h
e
r
e
f
o
r
e
,
a
c
a
de
m
i
c
c
o
m
mi
t
m
e
n
t
,
c
a
r
e
e
r
s
e
l
f
-
e
f
f
i
c
a
c
y
,
o
pt
i
mi
s
m
,
a
nd
c
o
gni
t
i
v
e
va
r
i
a
bl
e
s
i
n
n
ur
s
i
ng
s
t
ude
n
t
s
ne
e
d
to
b
e
e
x
p
l
o
r
e
d
f
ur
t
h
e
r
.
I
n
t
hi
s
s
t
ud
y
,
we
f
o
un
d
m
o
r
e
f
e
m
a
l
e
s
t
ude
n
t
s
a
n
d
t
h
i
s
i
s
c
o
m
m
o
n
i
n
n
ur
s
i
ng
m
a
j
o
r
.
D
i
f
f
i
c
u
l
t
i
e
s
in
de
c
i
d
i
ng
o
n
a
c
a
r
e
e
r
a
r
e
n
o
t
s
i
g
ni
f
i
c
a
n
t
l
y
d
if
f
e
r
e
nt
b
e
t
we
e
n
m
a
l
e
a
n
d
f
e
m
a
l
e
s
t
ude
n
t
s
[
7]
.
A
s
t
ud
y
to
wa
r
ds
1,
006
c
o
l
l
e
ge
s
t
ude
n
t
s
s
h
o
we
d
t
h
a
t
t
h
e
r
e
wa
s
i
n
s
i
g
nif
i
c
a
n
t
d
i
f
f
e
r
e
n
c
e
b
e
t
we
e
n
ge
n
de
r
s
i
n
g
l
o
b
a
l
pr
o
bl
e
m
l
e
v
e
l
s
i
n
c
a
r
e
e
r
de
c
i
s
i
o
n
m
a
k
i
ng
;
wo
m
e
n
r
e
po
r
t
e
d
m
o
r
e
pr
o
bl
e
m
s
w
i
t
h
li
f
e
‐
go
a
l
a
wa
r
e
n
e
s
s
a
n
d
a
ut
h
o
r
i
t
y
o
r
i
e
n
t
a
t
i
o
n
,
w
hi
l
e
m
e
n
r
e
po
r
t
e
d
m
o
r
e
pr
o
bl
e
m
s
w
i
t
h
s
e
c
o
n
da
r
y
ga
i
n
m
o
t
i
va
t
i
o
ns
[
8]
.
T
h
e
r
e
f
o
r
e
a
l
t
ho
ugh
we
f
o
u
n
d
m
o
s
t
r
e
s
po
n
de
n
t
s
we
r
e
f
e
m
a
l
e
s
i
n
b
o
t
h
gr
oups
,
t
h
e
r
e
wa
s
n
o
s
i
g
ni
f
i
c
a
n
t
d
i
f
f
e
r
e
n
c
e
o
f
c
a
r
e
e
r
de
c
i
s
i
o
n
d
i
f
f
i
c
u
l
t
i
e
s
f
o
un
d
be
t
we
e
n
gr
o
ups
.
An
o
t
h
e
r
s
t
udy
t
o
wa
r
ds
347
A
us
t
r
a
l
i
a
n
hi
g
h
s
c
h
o
o
l
s
t
ude
n
t
s
f
r
o
m
s
i
ng
l
e
-
ge
n
de
r
a
n
d
c
o
e
duc
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
s
c
h
o
o
l
s
f
o
un
d
t
h
a
t
t
h
e
r
e
wa
s
i
ns
i
g
nif
i
c
a
n
t
d
i
f
f
e
r
e
nc
e
b
e
t
we
e
n
g
e
n
de
r
s
r
e
ga
r
d
i
n
g
c
a
r
e
e
r
de
c
i
de
d
n
e
s
s
,
a
l
t
h
o
ugh
b
o
y
s
r
e
po
r
ted
hi
g
h
e
r
c
a
r
e
e
r
kn
o
w
l
e
dge
a
n
d
g
i
r
l
s
we
r
e
m
o
r
e
m
ot
i
v
a
t
e
d
a
n
d
f
l
e
xi
b
l
e
w
i
t
h
r
e
ga
r
d
t
o
c
a
r
e
e
r
s
;
s
t
ude
n
t
s
a
t
s
i
ng
l
e
-
ge
n
de
r
s
c
h
o
o
l
s
w
e
r
e
m
o
r
e
u
n
de
c
i
de
d
t
h
a
n
ot
h
e
r
s
f
r
o
m
c
o
e
duc
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
s
c
h
o
o
l
s
[
9]
.
I
n
t
h
e
c
o
n
t
e
x
t
o
f
n
ur
s
i
n
g,
s
im
il
a
r
s
t
ud
y
i
s
a
bi
t
d
i
f
f
i
c
u
l
t
to
b
e
c
o
n
duc
t
e
d
due
to
m
a
l
e
s
a
r
e
l
e
s
s
pr
e
f
e
r
r
e
d
t
o
c
h
o
o
s
e
n
ur
s
i
ng
m
a
j
o
r
,
e
s
pe
c
i
a
ll
y
i
n
I
n
do
n
e
s
i
a
n
c
o
n
t
e
x
t
,
ot
h
e
r
w
i
s
e
m
u
l
t
i
c
e
n
t
e
r
s
t
udy
n
e
e
d
s
to
b
e
c
o
n
duc
t
e
d
to
a
n
a
l
y
z
e
t
h
e
d
i
f
f
e
r
e
n
c
e
s
b
e
t
we
e
n
f
e
m
a
l
e
a
n
d
m
a
l
e
n
ur
s
i
n
g
c
o
l
l
e
ge
s
t
ude
n
t
s
r
e
ga
r
d
i
n
g
t
h
e
i
r
c
a
r
e
e
r
de
c
i
s
i
o
n
d
i
f
f
i
c
u
l
t
i
e
s
.
I
n
t
hi
s
s
t
ud
y
,
f
r
e
s
hm
e
n
e
x
pe
r
i
e
n
c
e
d
hi
g
h
e
r
d
i
f
f
icu
l
t
i
e
s
t
h
a
n
i
n
t
e
r
ns
(
M
e
a
n
:
174.
39
v
s
.
191.
32)
.
T
hi
s
i
s
pot
e
n
t
i
a
ll
y
i
nf
l
ue
nc
e
d
by
t
h
e
a
ge
d
i
f
f
e
r
e
n
c
e
s
b
e
t
we
e
n
gr
o
ups
,
i
n
w
hi
c
h
m
o
s
t
o
f
n
ur
s
i
ng
i
n
t
e
r
n
s
we
r
e
o
l
de
r
t
h
a
n
t
h
e
f
r
e
s
hm
e
n
.
A
s
t
ud
y
to
wa
r
ds
2
09
v
e
t
e
r
a
n
a
n
d
a
c
t
i
v
e
s
t
ude
n
t
s
a
t
t
h
e
Uni
ve
r
s
i
t
y
o
f
M
i
dwe
s
t
,
USA
;
whi
c
h
f
o
u
n
d
t
h
a
t
y
o
un
g
e
r
r
e
s
po
n
de
n
t
s
t
ur
n
e
d
o
u
t
to
b
e
l
e
s
s
pr
e
pa
r
e
d
s
o
t
h
a
t
t
h
e
di
f
f
i
c
u
l
t
y
i
n
de
c
i
d
i
ng
a
c
a
r
e
e
r
wa
s
hi
g
h
e
r
c
o
m
pa
r
e
d
to
t
h
e
o
l
de
r
s
t
ude
n
t
s
[
3]
.
A
not
h
e
r
s
t
udy
to
wa
r
ds
121
hi
g
h
s
c
h
o
o
l
s
t
ude
n
t
s
c
o
m
pa
r
e
d
to
127
a
du
l
t
s
f
o
un
d
t
h
a
t
c
a
r
e
e
r
de
c
i
s
i
o
n
d
if
f
i
c
u
l
t
i
e
s
wa
s
e
x
pe
r
i
e
n
c
e
d
a
c
r
o
s
s
a
ge
s
i
n
w
hi
c
h
a
du
l
t
s
e
x
p
e
r
i
e
n
c
e
d
f
e
we
r
d
i
f
f
i
c
u
l
t
i
e
s
c
o
m
p
a
r
e
d
to
y
o
un
ge
r
i
nd
i
v
i
dua
l
s
o
r
s
t
ude
n
t
s
[
10]
.
Di
f
f
e
r
e
n
t
pa
tt
e
r
n
s
i
n
t
i
m
e
pe
r
s
pe
c
t
i
v
e
r
e
s
u
l
t
e
d
i
n
d
i
f
f
e
r
e
n
t
t
y
p
e
s
o
f
c
a
r
e
e
r
de
c
i
s
i
o
n
-
m
a
k
in
g
d
if
f
i
c
u
l
t
i
e
s
i
n
a
du
l
t
s
[
11]
.
F
r
e
s
hm
e
n
e
x
p
e
r
i
e
nc
e
d
m
o
r
e
d
i
f
f
i
c
u
l
t
i
e
s
t
h
a
n
i
n
t
e
r
ns
a
l
s
o
pot
e
n
t
i
a
ll
y
b
e
c
a
us
e
o
f
l
o
w
s
e
l
f
-
e
f
f
i
c
a
c
y
.
An
o
t
h
e
r
s
t
ud
y
to
wa
r
ds
149
f
r
e
s
hm
e
n
in
C
a
n
a
da
f
o
u
n
d
t
h
a
t
t
h
e
r
e
wa
s
a
s
i
g
ni
f
i
c
a
n
t
n
e
ga
t
i
v
e
c
o
r
r
e
l
a
t
i
o
n
be
t
we
e
n
c
a
r
e
e
r
de
c
i
s
i
o
n
-
m
a
k
i
ng
d
if
f
i
c
u
l
t
i
e
s
a
n
d
s
e
lf
-
e
f
f
i
c
a
c
y
,
w
hi
c
h
wa
s
d
i
f
f
e
r
e
n
t
b
e
t
we
e
n
c
a
r
e
e
r
i
n
de
c
i
s
i
o
n
de
gr
e
e
s
a
n
d
w
h
e
t
h
e
r
f
r
e
s
hm
e
n
h
a
d
c
h
a
n
g
e
d
t
h
e
i
r
c
a
r
e
e
r
p
l
a
n
s
s
i
nc
e
t
h
e
b
e
g
i
nn
i
ng
o
f
c
o
l
l
e
g
e
l
i
f
e
or
n
ot
[
12]
.
M
o
s
t
r
e
s
po
n
de
n
t
s
i
n
b
o
t
h
gr
o
ups
a
r
e
l
i
v
i
ng
w
i
t
h
t
h
e
i
r
pa
r
e
n
t
s
wh
o
s
e
pr
o
f
e
s
s
i
o
n
i
s
ot
h
e
r
t
h
a
n
n
ur
s
i
ng.
F
a
mi
ly
b
e
l
o
n
g
i
ng
n
e
s
s
wa
s
s
i
g
ni
f
i
c
a
n
t
l
y
r
e
l
a
t
e
d
to
c
a
r
e
e
r
de
c
i
s
i
o
n
-
m
a
k
i
ng
d
if
f
i
c
u
l
t
i
e
s
i
n
u
n
de
r
gr
a
dua
t
e
uni
ve
r
s
i
t
y
s
t
ude
n
t
s
[
13]
.
A
s
t
ud
y
t
o
wa
r
ds
229
c
o
l
l
e
ge
s
t
ude
n
t
s
s
h
o
we
d
t
h
a
t
t
h
e
r
e
wa
s
a
s
i
g
ni
f
i
c
a
n
t
n
e
ga
t
i
v
e
a
s
s
o
c
i
a
t
i
o
n
be
t
we
e
n
l
e
v
e
l
s
o
f
f
a
m
il
y
c
o
h
e
s
i
o
n
w
i
t
h
l
e
v
e
l
s
o
f
de
c
i
s
i
o
n
-
m
a
k
i
ng
c
o
nf
us
i
o
n
,
c
o
m
mi
t
m
e
n
t
a
nxi
e
t
y
,
a
n
d
e
x
t
e
r
n
a
l
c
o
nf
li
c
t
;
l
e
v
e
l
s
o
f
f
a
m
il
y
a
da
pt
a
bi
li
t
y
we
r
e
ne
ga
t
i
v
e
ly
a
s
s
o
c
i
a
t
e
d
w
i
t
h
l
e
v
e
l
s
o
f
e
x
t
e
r
n
a
l
c
o
nf
li
c
t
[
14]
.
T
hi
s
s
t
ud
y
a
l
s
o
f
o
un
d
t
h
a
t
e
x
t
e
r
n
a
l
c
o
nf
li
c
t
wa
s
n
o
t
s
i
g
ni
f
i
c
a
n
t
l
y
d
i
f
f
e
r
e
n
t
b
e
t
we
e
n
gr
o
ups
.
T
h
e
r
e
i
s
a
hi
g
h
po
s
s
i
b
il
i
t
y
t
h
a
t
m
o
s
t
r
e
s
po
n
de
nt
s
e
x
pe
r
i
e
n
c
e
m
o
de
r
a
t
e
l
e
v
e
l
o
f
f
a
m
il
y
a
da
pt
a
bil
i
t
y
a
n
d
c
o
h
e
s
i
o
n
,
s
o
t
h
a
t
m
o
s
t
o
f
t
h
e
m
e
x
pe
r
i
e
n
c
e
d
m
o
d
e
r
a
t
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e
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c
a
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[
15
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r
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s
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a
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p=
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t
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mi
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n
b
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o
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we
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ly
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L
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k
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po
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s
we
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t
a
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a
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o
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t
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i
r
f
ut
ur
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a
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;
s
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f
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c
a
n
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pr
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di
c
t
or
s
o
f
c
a
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nc
e
r
t
a
i
n
t
y
we
r
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f
o
un
d
to
b
e
:
1)
l
a
c
k
o
f
i
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f
o
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m
a
t
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o
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a
b
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ut
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is
i
o
n
-
m
a
k
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pr
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s
s
,
2)
l
a
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k
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f
i
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f
o
r
m
a
t
i
o
n
a
b
o
ut
o
c
c
upa
t
i
o
ns
,
3)
i
nc
o
n
s
i
s
t
e
n
t
i
nf
o
r
m
a
t
i
o
n
du
e
t
o
i
nt
e
r
n
a
l
c
o
nf
li
c
t
,
4
)
e
xh
a
u
s
t
i
o
n
,
5)
l
a
c
k
o
f
i
n
f
o
r
m
a
t
i
o
n
a
b
o
u
t
wa
y
s
o
f
o
b
t
a
i
ni
ng
i
n
f
o
r
m
a
t
i
o
n
,
6)
i
nc
o
ns
i
s
t
e
n
t
i
nf
o
r
m
a
t
i
o
n
due
t
o
e
x
t
e
r
n
a
l
c
o
nf
l
i
c
t
,
7)
c
y
ni
c
i
s
m
,
a
nd
8)
l
a
c
k
o
f
de
d
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
[
16]
.
A
n
o
t
h
e
r
s
t
udy
t
o
wa
r
ds
uni
v
e
r
s
i
t
y
s
t
ude
n
t
s
i
n
Gr
e
e
c
e
a
l
s
o
f
o
un
d
t
h
a
t
f
a
c
t
or
s
o
f
l
a
c
k
o
f
i
n
f
o
r
m
a
t
i
o
n
,
i
nc
o
n
s
i
s
t
e
n
t
i
nf
o
r
m
a
t
i
o
n
,
a
n
d
l
a
c
k
o
f
r
e
a
d
i
ne
s
s
we
r
e
po
s
i
t
i
v
e
ly
c
o
r
r
e
l
a
t
e
d
w
i
t
h
d
y
s
f
u
n
c
t
i
o
n
a
l
c
a
r
e
e
r
t
h
o
ugh
t
s
,
de
c
i
s
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o
n
-
m
a
k
i
ng
c
o
nf
us
i
o
n
,
c
o
m
mi
t
m
e
n
t
d
i
f
f
i
c
u
l
t
y
,
a
n
d
l
a
c
k
o
f
de
t
e
r
mi
na
t
i
o
n;
b
ut
o
pp
o
s
i
t
e
l
y
,
a
ll
a
f
o
r
e
m
e
n
t
i
o
n
e
d
f
a
c
t
o
r
s
we
r
e
n
e
g
a
t
i
v
e
ly
c
o
r
r
e
l
a
t
e
d
w
i
t
h
ge
ne
r
a
l
i
z
e
d
s
e
l
f
-
e
f
f
i
c
a
c
y
[
17]
.
Ga
t
i
,
e
t
a
l
.
f
o
u
n
d
t
h
a
t
l
a
c
k
o
f
r
e
a
d
i
ne
s
s
c
a
u
s
e
by
l
a
c
k
o
f
m
o
t
i
v
a
t
i
o
n
,
ge
n
e
r
a
l
i
nde
c
i
s
i
ve
ne
s
s
,
a
n
d
d
i
y
s
f
u
n
c
t
i
o
n
a
l
b
e
li
e
f
s
[
2]
;
m
o
t
i
v
a
t
i
o
n
w
a
s
n
ot
i
de
n
t
i
f
i
e
d
i
n
t
hi
s
s
t
ud
y
.
R
e
s
u
l
t
s
s
h
o
we
d
t
h
a
t
i
n
de
c
is
i
ve
n
e
s
s
(
i
t
e
m
5)
a
n
d
d
y
s
f
u
n
c
t
i
o
n
a
l
my
t
h
s
/
b
e
li
e
f
s
(
i
t
e
m
9
a
n
d
10)
we
r
e
s
i
g
ni
f
i
c
a
n
t
l
y
d
i
f
f
e
r
e
n
t
b
e
t
we
e
n
gr
o
ups
,
b
ut
l
a
c
k
o
f
r
e
a
d
i
ne
s
s
w
a
s
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x
p
e
r
i
e
nc
e
d
s
im
il
a
r
ly
i
n
b
o
t
h
gr
o
ups
.
L
o
w
m
o
t
i
v
a
t
i
o
n
i
s
po
t
e
n
t
i
a
ll
y
b
e
i
ng
t
h
e
c
a
us
e
o
f
l
a
c
k
o
f
r
e
a
d
i
ne
s
s
i
n
b
o
t
h
gr
o
ups
.
A
s
t
ud
y
to
wa
r
ds
496
c
o
l
l
e
ge
s
t
ude
n
t
s
m
a
j
o
r
i
n
g
i
n
na
t
ur
a
l
s
c
i
e
nc
e
s
a
n
d
e
duc
a
t
i
o
n
s
h
o
we
d
t
h
a
t
l
a
c
k
o
f
m
o
t
i
v
a
t
i
o
n
a
c
t
e
d
a
s
a
s
ymm
e
t
r
y
f
a
c
t
o
r
f
o
r
b
ot
h
t
h
e
d
i
f
f
i
c
u
l
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y
o
f
m
a
k
i
n
g
t
h
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c
h
o
i
c
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a
n
d
t
h
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c
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r
t
a
i
n
t
y
a
b
o
ut
o
n
e
's
de
c
i
s
i
o
n
[
18]
.
An
o
t
h
e
r
s
t
udy
t
o
wa
r
ds
222
c
o
l
l
e
ge
s
t
ude
n
t
s
(
m
e
n
a
n
d
wo
m
e
n
)
s
h
o
we
d
t
h
a
t
t
h
e
r
e
wa
s
a
s
i
g
nif
i
c
a
n
t
a
s
s
o
c
i
a
t
i
o
n
b
e
t
we
e
n
s
e
lf
-
c
o
n
c
e
pt
,
c
a
r
e
e
r
i
n
de
c
i
s
i
ve
ne
s
s
,
an
d
i
de
n
t
i
t
y
-
r
e
l
a
t
e
d
c
a
r
e
e
r
de
c
i
s
i
o
n
-
m
a
k
i
ng
d
i
f
f
i
c
u
l
t
i
e
s
w
i
t
h
de
pr
e
s
s
i
o
n
[
19]
.
De
pr
e
s
s
i
o
n
wa
s
n
o
t
i
de
n
t
i
f
i
e
d
i
n
t
hi
s
s
t
ud
y
,
b
ut
i
t
pot
e
n
t
i
a
l
ly
i
n
f
l
u
e
n
c
e
s
t
h
e
c
a
r
e
e
r
i
n
d
e
c
i
s
i
ve
n
e
s
s
i
n
n
ur
s
i
ng
s
t
ude
n
t
s
.
L
i
ps
hi
t
s
-
B
r
a
z
i
l
e
r
,
e
t
a
l
.
,
pr
o
po
s
e
d
t
h
r
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e
s
t
r
a
t
e
gi
e
s
f
o
r
man
a
g
i
ng
c
a
r
e
e
r
i
n
de
c
i
s
i
ve
n
e
s
s
i
n
c
o
l
l
e
ge
s
t
ude
n
t
s
,
n
a
m
e
ly:
pr
o
duc
t
i
v
e
,
s
uppo
r
t
-
s
e
e
k
i
n
g,
a
n
d
n
o
n
pr
o
duc
t
i
v
e
c
o
pi
n
g
s
t
r
a
t
e
gi
e
s
[
20]
.
T
h
e
i
r
s
t
ud
y
t
o
wa
r
ds
251
c
o
l
l
e
ge
s
t
ude
n
t
s
(
f
r
e
s
hm
e
n
)
s
h
o
we
d
t
h
a
t
t
h
e
r
e
wa
s
a
s
i
gnif
i
c
a
n
t
po
s
i
t
i
v
e
a
s
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o
c
i
a
t
i
o
n
b
e
t
we
e
n
t
h
e
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s
e
o
f
n
o
n
pr
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duc
t
i
v
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c
o
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n
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s
t
r
a
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s
a
t
t
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e
be
g
i
nni
ng
o
f
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c
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[
20]
.
An
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y
[
21]
.
D
y
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c
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18]
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[
22]
.
S
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[
23]
.
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we
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ups
(
i
t
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m
12
-
13)
.
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[
18]
.
R
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r
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by
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k
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f
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nf
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r
m
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t
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n
(
i
t
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m
16
-
19)
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o
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pa
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nf
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m
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t
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b
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(
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m
23
-
24)
a
n
d
wa
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t
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dd
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m
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t
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(
i
t
e
m
27)
.
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d
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a
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r
i
nf
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r
m
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t
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s
c
o
m
m
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nly
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x
pe
r
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d
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de
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r
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po
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t
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d
l
o
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c
a
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d
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c
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s
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m
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k
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lf
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n
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ga
t
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r
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ugh
t
s
[
24]
.
A
s
t
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y
to
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r
ds
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ude
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ur
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m
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t
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a
b
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)
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d
i
v
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dua
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r
t
a
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n
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y
[
18]
.
A
f
ur
t
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a
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r
ds
C
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r
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De
c
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s
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D
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f
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l
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Que
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t
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a
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whi
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De
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m
a
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,
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ly
:
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n
f
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m
a
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de
f
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nh
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b
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s
[
25]
.
T
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b
e
t
we
e
n
gr
o
ups
;
i
t
wa
s
f
o
un
da
t
i
o
n
a
l
do
m
a
i
ns
o
f
c
a
r
e
e
r
de
c
i
s
i
o
n
d
i
f
f
i
c
u
l
t
i
e
s
r
e
qu
i
r
i
ng
s
pe
c
i
a
l
a
tt
e
n
t
i
o
n
a
n
d
t
r
e
a
t
m
e
n
t
f
r
o
m
a
c
a
de
mi
c
a
d
vis
o
r
a
n
d
c
o
un
s
e
l
o
r
o
r
ps
y
c
h
o
l
o
g
i
s
t
.
C
o
nf
li
c
t
s
m
a
y
a
r
i
s
e
i
n
e
ve
r
y
i
nd
i
v
i
dua
l
.
I
n
t
hi
s
s
t
udy
,
we
f
o
un
d
t
h
a
t
e
x
t
e
r
n
a
l
c
o
nf
l
i
c
t
s
h
a
ppe
n
e
d
s
i
mi
l
a
r
ly
i
n
b
o
t
h
gr
o
ups
,
b
ut
i
n
t
e
r
n
a
l
c
o
nf
li
c
t
s
we
r
e
s
i
g
ni
f
i
c
a
n
t
l
y
d
if
f
e
r
e
n
t
be
t
we
e
n
gr
o
ups
(
i
t
e
m
35
a
n
d
40)
.
I
n
t
e
r
n
a
l
c
o
nf
li
c
t
c
o
u
l
d
c
a
u
s
e
i
nc
o
ns
i
s
t
e
n
t
i
nf
o
r
mat
i
o
n
w
hi
c
h
i
s
b
e
i
ng
o
n
e
o
f
t
h
e
s
i
g
ni
f
i
c
a
n
t
pr
e
di
c
t
o
r
s
o
f
c
a
r
e
e
r
un
c
e
r
t
a
i
n
t
y
i
n
u
ni
ve
r
s
i
t
y
s
t
ude
n
t
s
[
16]
,
a
n
d
t
hi
s
i
nc
o
ns
i
s
t
e
n
t
i
nf
o
r
m
a
t
i
o
n
c
o
u
l
d
de
v
e
l
o
p
d
y
s
f
u
n
c
t
i
o
n
a
l
c
a
r
e
e
r
t
h
o
ugh
t
s
,
de
c
i
s
i
o
n
-
m
a
k
i
ng
c
o
nf
us
i
o
n
,
c
o
m
mi
t
m
e
n
t
di
f
f
i
c
u
l
t
y
,
a
n
d
l
a
c
k
o
f
de
t
e
r
m
i
na
t
i
o
n
[
17]
.
T
h
e
r
e
f
o
r
e
,
a
c
a
de
m
i
c
a
d
vi
s
o
r
n
e
e
ds
t
o
b
e
c
a
ut
i
o
us
a
b
o
ut
i
n
t
e
r
n
a
l
c
o
nf
li
c
t
s
i
n
uni
ve
r
s
i
t
y
s
t
ude
n
t
s
be
c
a
us
e
i
t
c
o
ul
d
b
e
o
n
e
o
f
t
h
e
r
oot
-
c
a
us
e
o
f
c
a
r
e
e
r
de
c
i
s
i
o
n
d
i
f
f
i
c
u
l
t
i
e
s
e
nc
o
un
t
e
r
by
t
h
e
s
t
ude
n
t
s
a
f
t
e
r
wa
r
ds
.
I
n
ge
n
e
r
a
l
,
t
h
e
r
e
s
u
l
t
s
o
f
t
hi
s
s
t
ud
y
s
h
o
we
d
t
ha
t
m
o
de
r
a
t
e
d
i
f
f
i
c
u
l
t
i
e
s
we
r
e
f
o
u
n
d
i
n
n
ur
s
i
n
g
f
r
e
s
hm
e
n
a
n
d
i
n
t
e
r
n
s
,
e
s
pe
c
i
a
ll
y
a
s
pe
c
t
s
o
f
l
a
c
k
o
f
r
e
a
d
i
ne
s
s
a
n
d
i
nc
o
ns
i
s
t
e
n
t
i
nf
o
r
m
a
t
i
o
n
we
r
e
f
o
u
n
d
t
o
b
e
s
i
mi
l
a
r
i
n
b
o
t
h
gr
o
ups
,
r
e
ga
r
d
l
e
s
s
t
h
e
i
nf
l
u
e
n
c
e
o
f
a
ge
,
s
e
x
,
a
n
d
c
u
l
t
ur
e
.
T
h
e
r
e
wa
s
n
o
s
i
g
nif
i
c
a
n
t
d
i
f
f
e
r
e
nc
e
o
f
c
a
r
e
e
r
de
c
i
s
i
o
n
d
i
f
f
i
c
u
l
t
y
f
o
u
n
d
b
e
t
we
e
n
gr
o
ups
i
nd
i
c
a
t
e
d
t
h
a
t
f
ut
ur
e
c
a
r
e
e
r
de
c
i
s
i
o
n
s
f
o
r
uni
ve
r
s
i
t
y
s
t
ude
n
t
s
a
r
e
s
t
i
l
l
b
e
i
ng
s
o
m
e
t
hi
n
g
t
h
a
t
i
s
r
e
l
a
t
i
v
e
ly
d
i
f
f
i
c
u
l
t
to
de
c
i
d
e
o
n
t
h
e
i
r
o
wn
.
T
h
e
r
e
f
o
r
e
,
t
h
e
i
nv
o
l
v
e
m
e
n
t
a
n
d
s
uppo
r
t
f
r
o
m
pa
r
e
n
t
s
,
l
e
c
t
ur
e
r
s
,
a
c
a
de
m
i
c
a
d
vi
s
o
r
,
a
n
d
pe
e
r
s
a
r
e
i
m
po
r
t
a
n
t
c
o
n
t
r
i
but
i
o
n
s
i
n
t
he
c
a
r
e
e
r
de
c
i
s
i
o
n
m
a
k
i
ng
pr
o
c
e
s
s
.
C
o
un
s
e
l
i
ng
dur
i
n
g
t
h
e
s
t
ud
y
pe
r
i
o
d
i
n
t
h
e
u
ni
ve
r
s
i
t
y
s
h
o
ul
d
b
e
g
i
ve
n
to
s
t
ude
n
t
s
wh
o
i
n
n
e
e
d,
a
n
d
i
f
n
e
c
e
s
s
a
r
y
t
h
e
i
r
pa
r
e
n
t
s
n
e
e
d
t
o
b
e
pr
e
s
e
n
t
e
d
i
n
t
h
e
m
e
e
t
i
n
g
i
n
o
r
de
r
to
m
a
t
c
h
t
h
e
c
a
r
e
e
r
e
x
pe
c
t
a
t
i
o
n
s
b
e
t
we
e
n
b
o
t
h
pa
r
t
i
e
s
s
o
t
h
a
t
t
h
e
f
ut
ur
e
c
a
r
e
e
r
/p
r
o
f
e
s
s
i
o
n
c
a
n
b
e
de
c
i
d
e
d
to
ge
t
h
e
r
.
4.
CONC
L
USI
ON
M
o
s
t
n
ur
s
i
n
g
f
r
e
s
hm
e
n
a
n
d
i
n
t
e
r
n
s
e
x
pe
r
i
e
n
c
e
d
mo
de
r
a
t
e
di
f
f
i
c
u
l
t
i
e
s
i
n
de
c
i
d
i
ng
t
h
e
i
r
f
ut
ur
e
c
a
r
e
e
r
.
Ov
e
r
a
ll
,
t
h
e
r
e
i
s
n
o
s
i
g
nif
i
c
a
n
t
d
i
f
f
e
r
e
n
c
e
i
n
c
a
r
e
e
r
de
c
i
s
i
o
n
d
if
f
i
c
u
l
t
y
b
e
t
we
e
n
n
ur
s
i
ng
f
r
e
s
hm
e
n
a
n
d
i
n
t
e
r
n
s
,
e
s
pe
c
i
a
ll
y
i
n
a
s
pe
c
t
s
o
f
l
a
c
k
o
f
r
e
a
d
i
ne
s
s
a
n
d
in
c
o
ns
i
s
t
e
n
t
i
nf
o
r
m
a
t
i
o
n
.
Ho
we
ve
r
,
m
o
r
e
c
a
r
e
e
r
de
c
i
s
i
o
n
d
i
f
f
i
c
u
l
t
i
e
s
we
r
e
f
o
un
d
i
n
n
ur
s
i
ng
f
r
e
s
hm
e
n
c
o
m
pa
r
e
d
t
o
i
n
t
e
r
ns
,
whi
c
h
i
n
f
l
ue
n
c
e
d
by
i
nde
c
is
i
ve
n
e
s
s
,
d
y
s
f
u
n
c
t
i
o
n
a
l
my
t
hs
,
l
a
c
k
o
f
k
n
o
w
l
e
dge
a
b
o
ut
t
h
e
pr
o
c
e
s
s
o
f
c
a
r
e
e
r
d
e
c
i
s
i
o
n
m
a
k
i
ng,
l
a
c
k
o
f
i
nf
o
r
m
a
t
i
o
n
,
l
a
c
k
o
f
i
nf
o
r
m
a
t
i
o
n
a
b
o
ut
o
c
c
upa
t
i
o
ns
,
l
a
c
k
o
f
i
nf
o
r
m
a
t
i
o
n
a
b
o
ut
wa
y
s
o
f
o
b
t
a
i
ni
n
g
a
dd
i
t
i
o
n
a
l
i
n
f
o
r
m
a
t
i
o
n
,
a
n
d
i
n
t
e
r
n
a
l
c
o
nf
l
i
c
t
s
.
S
pe
c
i
f
i
c
i
n
t
e
r
v
e
n
t
i
o
n
i
n
th
e
hi
g
h
e
r
e
duc
a
t
i
o
n
l
e
v
e
l
t
a
r
ge
t
i
n
g
m
o
d
i
f
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
o
f
t
h
e
s
e
a
s
pe
c
t
s
i
n
t
h
e
b
e
g
i
nn
i
ng
o
r
dur
i
n
g
t
h
e
s
t
ud
y
pe
r
i
o
d
i
n
t
h
e
uni
ve
r
s
i
t
y
po
t
e
n
t
i
a
ll
y
l
e
a
d
s
to
t
h
e
de
c
r
e
a
s
e
o
f
c
a
r
e
e
r
de
c
i
s
i
o
n
d
i
f
f
i
c
u
l
t
y
e
n
c
o
un
t
e
r
e
d
by
n
ur
s
i
ng
s
t
ude
n
t
s
.
AC
K
NOWL
E
DGE
M
E
NT
S
T
hi
s
s
t
udy
wa
s
f
u
n
de
d
a
n
d
s
uppo
r
t
e
d
f
o
r
publ
ica
t
i
o
n
by
F
a
c
u
l
t
y
o
f
Nur
s
i
ng,
W
i
d
y
a
M
a
n
da
la
C
a
t
h
o
l
i
c
U
ni
ve
r
s
i
t
y
S
ur
a
b
a
y
a
.
RE
F
E
R
E
NC
E
S
[1
]
P.
Creed
,
M.
H
o
o
d
,
O
W
o
n
g
,
“
Caree
r
D
ec
i
s
i
o
n
-
Ma
k
i
n
g
,
Car
ee
r
Barri
e
rs
an
d
O
ccu
p
at
i
o
n
al
A
s
p
i
rat
i
o
n
s
i
n
Ch
i
n
e
s
e
A
d
o
l
e
s
cen
t
s
,
”
In
t
er
n
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
Jo
u
r
n
a
l
f
o
r
E
d
u
c
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
a
n
d
V
o
ca
t
i
o
n
a
l
G
u
i
d
a
n
ce
,
v
o
l
.
9
,
n
o
.
3
,
pp.
189
–
2
0
3
,
2
0
0
9
.
[2
]
I
.
G
at
i
,
M.
K
rau
s
z,
S.
H
.
O
s
i
p
o
w
,
S.
“
A
T
a
x
o
n
o
my
o
f
D
i
ffi
cu
l
t
i
e
s
i
n
Car
ee
r
D
ec
i
s
i
o
n
Mak
i
n
g
,”
Jo
u
r
n
a
l
o
f
Co
u
n
s
el
i
n
g
P
s
ych
o
l
o
g
y
,
vol.
43
,
n
o
.
4
,
pp.
5
1
0
-
5
2
6
,
1
9
9
6
.
[3
]
L
.
M
.
L
a
v
e
c
k
,
“
Car
ee
r
D
eci
s
i
o
n
-
m
ak
i
n
g
D
i
ffi
cu
l
t
i
e
s
a
mo
n
g
St
u
d
en
t
V
e
t
e
ra
n
s
,
”
D
i
s
s
er
t
a
t
i
o
n
,
Pro
Q
u
e
s
t
D
i
s
s
e
rt
at
i
o
n
s
P
u
b
l
i
s
h
i
n
g
,
1
1
0
0
5
2
3
6
,
2
0
1
8
.
[4
]
G
.
F
e
i
n
s
t
ei
n
-
M
es
s
i
n
g
er
,
“
T
h
e
N
e
x
u
s
a
mo
n
g
Car
e
e
r
D
eci
s
i
o
n
S
el
f
-
e
ffi
c
a
cy
,
Par
en
t
al
R
el
at
i
o
n
s
h
i
p
Fa
c
t
o
rs
,
an
d
Caree
r
I
n
d
ec
i
s
i
o
n
a
mo
n
g
Co
l
l
eg
e
St
u
d
e
n
t
s
fro
m
D
i
ff
e
r
e
n
t
E
t
h
n
i
c
a
n
d
Ra
ci
al
G
ro
u
p
s
,”
D
i
s
s
er
t
a
t
i
o
n
,
Pro
Q
u
e
s
t
D
i
s
s
e
rt
at
i
o
n
s
P
u
b
l
i
s
h
i
n
g
,
3
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[2
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2
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.
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2
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.
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.
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3
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