Int
ern
at
i
onal
Journ
al of
P
u
bli
c Hea
lt
h S
c
ie
nce (IJPH
S)
Vo
l.
7
,
No.
1
,
Ma
rch
201
8
, pp.
2
7
~
3
2
IS
S
N:
22
52
-
8806
, DO
I:
10
.11
591/ij
phs.
v7
i
1.
1
03
98
27
Journ
al h
om
e
page
:
https:
//
ww
w.i
aesco
re
.c
om
/j
our
nals/
ind
ex.
php/IJP
H
S
The Rol
e of Wij
aya Kus
um
a's Youth Inf
or
m
atio
n and
Counseli
ng Cente
r (PIK
-
R) on A
dolescen
t Health
P
ro
bl
em
s
Kho
ir
iy
ah Isn
i
1
,
R
at
u
Ma
taha
ri
2
1,2
Fa
c
ul
t
y
of
Public Hea
l
th, Uni
ver
sita
s
Ahm
ad Dahla
n
,
Indone
s
ia
Art
ic
le
In
f
o
ABSTR
A
CT
Art
ic
le
history:
Re
cei
ved
Dec
2
6
, 201
7
Re
vised
Feb
2
3
, 2
01
8
Accepte
d
Ma
r
14
, 201
8
The
issue
o
f
a
dole
sce
n
t
he
al
t
h
is
important
for
na
ti
ona
l
d
eve
lopmen
t
.
Adolesc
ent
s
need
a
pla
ce
th
at
c
an
provide
fa
ci
l
it
ie
s
in
th
e
form
of
cor
rect
informati
on
and
li
fe
ski
ll
s
improvem
ent
progra
m
s.
S
o
as
to
de
al
with
var
ious
hea
l
th
proble
m
s
of
adol
esc
en
t.
Governm
ent
eff
orts
to
over
c
om
e
the
se
proble
m
s
through
the
esta
bl
i
shm
ent
of
the
Youth
Infor
m
at
ion
and
Counseli
ng
Cen
te
r
(PIK
-
R)
tha
t
ca
n
be
don
e
in
schools.
PIK
-
R
in
schools
tha
t
hav
e
bee
n
f
orm
ed
ca
n
be
as
sess
ed
it
s
role
to
adol
esc
en
t
he
al
t
h
proble
m
s.
The
purpose
of
t
his
rese
ar
ch
is
to
know
the
rol
e
o
f
PIK
-
R
W
ij
a
y
a
Kus
um
a
in
over
coming
the
hea
l
th
prob
le
m
of
adol
esc
ent
amo
ng
non
-
m
embers
of
PIK
-
R
.
The
rese
ar
ch
used
qual
it
a
ti
v
e
design
with
ca
se
stud
y
appr
o
ac
h.
Th
e
dat
a
wa
s
col
l
ec
t
ed
b
y
fo
cus
group
discussion
(FGD
)
t
ec
hniqu
e
on
10
non
-
PIK
-
R
student
s
and
tr
ia
ngul
at
ion
to
pee
r
counse
lor
and
PIK
-
R
c
oac
h
W
ija
y
a
Kus
um
a
throug
h
in
dept
h
in
te
rv
ie
w
.
Th
e
result
s
of
the
stud
y
re
porte
d
th
a
t
PIK
-
R
W
ij
a
y
a
K
usum
a
has
an
important
ro
le a
s h
ea
l
th
informat
io
n
source
for
non
PIK
-
R
m
em
ber
studen
ts
in
f
ac
ing
adolesce
n
t
health
p
roble
m
s.
B
eside
s
,
te
a
che
rs
and
N
GO
s.
Aw
are
ness
of
non
-
m
embe
rs
of
PIK
-
R
W
ij
a
y
a
Kus
um
a
rel
a
te
d
to
adolesce
nt
'
s
vuln
era
b
ilit
y
to
h
igh
ado
les
ce
nt
he
al
th
pro
ble
m
s,
pee
rs
and
famil
y
pl
a
y
s
an im
porta
nt
rol
e
in
ado
le
sce
n
t
h
ea
l
th
beh
avi
or
.
Ke
yw
or
d:
Adolesce
nts
Healt
h pro
blem
Youth
i
nfo
rm
a
ti
on
a
nd
c
ouns
el
in
g
c
e
nt
er (
P
I
K
-
R)
Copyright
©
201
8
Instit
ut
e
o
f Ad
vanc
ed
Engi
n
ee
r
ing
and
S
cienc
e
.
Al
l
rights re
serv
ed
.
Corres
pond
in
g
Aut
h
or
:
Khoiriy
ah
Is
ni,
Dep
a
rtm
ent o
f Pu
blic Heal
th
Scie
nce,
Ah
m
ad
Da
hlan
Unive
rsity
,
Jl. Prof S
oe
pom
o,
Jan
tura
n,
Waru
ngboto,
Yogyaka
rta,
Indonesia.
Em
a
il
:
kh
oiriy
ah.
is
ni@ikm
.u
ad.
ac.i
d
1.
INTROD
U
CTION
Healt
h
i
n
a
do
l
escence
is
an
i
m
po
rtant
as
pe
ct
of
the
in
divi
du
al
li
fe
cy
cl
e.
At
this
ti
m
e
is
a
per
i
od
wh
e
re
in
div
id
ua
ls
beg
in
to
le
arn
a
nd
ha
ve
f
un
ct
io
nal
an
d
healt
h
capa
bili
ti
es.
In
healt
h,
this
is
an
i
m
p
or
ta
nt
per
i
od
f
or
reprod
uctive
heal
th
and
the
ea
rly
f
or
m
at
ion
of
healt
hy
li
ving
be
hav
i
ors
[1]
.
The
iss
ue
of
reprod
uctive
a
nd
sex
ual
heal
th
of
ad
olesce
nts
is
i
m
po
rta
nt
f
or
natio
nal
dev
el
op
m
ent.
Th
us
,
giv
e
n
th
e
la
rg
e
popula
ti
on
of
ado
le
sce
nts
an
d
the
long
-
te
r
m
eff
e
ct
s
that
can
res
ult
fr
om
ado
le
scent
r
epro
du
ct
ive
he
al
th
and
sex
ual
pr
ob
le
m
s.
Me
anw
hil
e,
ou
r
c
urre
nt
ado
le
sce
nt
popula
ti
on
is
sti
ll
vu
l
ner
a
ble
to
r
epro
du
ct
ive
an
d
se
xual
healt
h
issues
,
su
c
h
as
early
m
arr
ia
ge,
lo
w
rep
r
oductiv
e
and
se
xual
he
al
th
know
le
dge,
ea
rly
pr
e
gnancy,
unwa
nted
pr
e
gnancy,
sex
ually
transm
itted
diseases
s
uc
h
as
HIV
a
nd
A
ID
S
,
un
sa
fe
a
bortio
ns
,
a
nd
gende
r
-
base
d violence
[
2]
.
Ba
sed
on
the
r
esults
of
I
ndon
esi
a
Healt
h
De
m
og
afi
Su
r
vey
in
2012,
show
ed
28%
of
boys
and
27
%
of
girls
sta
te
d
age
be
gan
da
ti
ng
befor
e
15
ye
ars.
Sexual
act
ivit
y
datin
g
var
ie
d
72
%
ho
l
ding
hands
,
48%
kissin
g,
an
d
30%
sensiti
ve
body
pa
rts
and
7%
ha
ving
sex
.
Then,
as
m
any
as
25
%
of
boys
and
18
%
of
girls
declare
us
in
g c
ondom
s w
he
n
t
hey fir
st ha
d
se
x
[3]
.
Accor
ding
to
the
res
ults
of
the
Yout
h
Re
producti
ve
Healt
h
S
urvey
s
(SKRR
I)
of
2013
-
2014
cond
ucted
by
the
Stat
ist
ic
s
Indonesia
(B
PS)
sh
ows
t
hat
th
e
basic
kn
ow
le
dg
e
le
vel
of
15
-
24
ye
ars
old
about
the
c
har
act
eris
ti
cs
of
pu
ber
ty
is
quit
e
good
.
But
i
n
te
rm
s
of
knowle
dge
of
the
fe
rtil
e
pe
rio
d,
t
he
risk
of
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IS
S
N
:
2252
-
8806
IJPHS
V
ol.
7
, No
.
1
,
Ma
rch
20
1
8
:
2
7
–
3
2
28
pr
e
gnancy,
a
bortio
n,
a
nd
a
nem
ia
are
st
il
l
relat
ively
low.
Re
su
lt
s
of
th
e
Indonesian
Youth
Re
producti
on
Healt
h
Sur
vey
(S
KRRI
)
in
2013,
the
know
le
dg
e
of
ad
ole
scents
age
d
15
-
24
ye
ars
on
r
epro
du
ct
ive
he
al
th
i
s
sti
ll
low.
The
n,
data
from
the
Mi
nistry
of
He
al
th
in
2013,
t
he
descr
i
ption
of
util
iz
at
ion
be
hav
i
or
of
y
ou
t
h
care
facil
it
ie
s
is
sti
l
l
low
by
50%.
Adole
sce
nts
ar
e
le
ss
act
ive
to
util
iz
e
ado
le
sc
ent
re
pro
du
ct
iv
e
healt
h
in
f
orm
at
ion
and Co
unsel
in
g
Ce
nter (PI
K
-
KRR) as
a
place t
o
c
onsu
lt
on
reprod
uctive
he
al
th
[
4]
.
Si
m
il
ar
to
the
healt
h
prob
le
m
s
of
ad
olesce
nts
in
Yogyaka
rta,
S
oetjin
i
ng
si
h'
s
researc
h
in
Juju
show
ed
398
high
sch
ool
stud
e
nts
in
Yogyaka
rta,
st
at
ed
that
the
m
ajo
rity
of
a
dole
scents
had
sex
ual
interco
ur
se
first
tim
e
in
hig
h
sc
hool
ie
b
et
wee
n
15
-
18
ye
a
rs
old
.
T
her
e
a
re 6
0%
of
st
ud
e
nt
s
sta
te
d
that
t
he
sex
ual b
eha
vi
or
t
hat
can
be
done
be
fore
m
arr
ia
ge
i
s
lim
it
ed
to
the
kiss
of
the
li
ps
w
hile
hu
gg
i
ng.
This
act
i
vity
am
on
g
a
dole
scents
is
consi
de
red
a
s
so
m
et
hin
g
norm
al
or
reasonable.
But
if
unco
ntr
ollable
c
an
le
ad
to
sex
ual
relat
io
ns
hi
ps
th
at
le
ad
to
unwa
nt
ed
pr
e
gnancy
[
5]
.
Ma
r
ried
dis
pensat
ion
rates
or
early
m
arr
ia
ge
a
pp
li
cat
io
ns
in
Ba
ntu
l
Distric
t
te
nd
to
be
high
within
the
la
st
five
ye
ars.
I
n
2014,
the
num
ber
of
dis
pe
ns
a
ti
on
of
m
arr
ia
ge
in
Re
li
gio
us
Court
was 132
cases.
Most
of
t
he
ca
us
es a
re
unwa
nt
ed
pre
gn
a
ncie
s
[
6]
.
The
gove
rn
m
ent
co
ntin
ues
t
o
i
m
pr
ove
th
e
knowle
dge
a
nd
sk
il
ls
of
ad
oles
cents,
t
her
e
by
reducin
g
t
he
nu
m
ber
of
ad
ol
escent
healt
h
pro
blem
s
through
the
I
nfo
r
m
at
ion
and
C
ounse
li
ng
Ce
nter
for
Y
outh
(
P
IK
-
R).
PI
K
-
R
is
a
p
la
ce
of G
enRe
(
Gen
e
rasi
Be
re
ncan
a
)
pro
gr
a
m
acti
viti
es
in
the
co
nte
xt
of p
re
par
i
ng
fam
i
ly
li
fe
f
or
ado
le
sce
nts
m
anag
e
d
from
,
by
an
d
f
or
a
dole
scents.
PIK
-
R
ser
ves
to
pro
vid
e
i
nfor
m
at
ion
an
d
c
ouns
el
in
g
serv
ic
es
ab
out
fam
ily
li
fe
plann
in
g
f
or
a
do
le
sce
nts
a
nd
oth
e
r
s
uppo
rting
act
ivit
ie
s
[7]
.
PIK
-
R
c
an
be
est
ablished
thr
ough
f
or
m
al
and
i
nfor
m
al
chan
nels
.
Th
e
f
orm
al
path
is
the
PIK
-
R
est
a
blished
at
the
sc
hool,
wh
il
e the
in
for
m
al
p
at
h
is
for
m
ed
within
the
co
m
m
un
it
y.
PI
K
-
R
W
i
j
ay
a
Kusum
a
is
an
uprig
ht
P
IK
-
R
li
ne
of
sch
ools
ow
ned
by
SMAN
1
Sr
a
ndaka
n
Ba
ntu
l
Re
gen
cy
.
P
I
K
-
R
W
ijaya
K
usum
a
su
ccee
de
d
to
occ
upy
the
first
wi
nner
of
D
IY
pro
vin
ce
in
P
I
K
-
R
/
M
com
petit
ion
organ
iz
e
d
by
Fa
m
ily
W
el
fa
re
Boar
d,
Wo
m
en
Em
po
we
rm
e
nt
an
d
Fam
i
ly
Plann
i
ng
a
nd
Ba
ntu
l
Re
gen
cy
G
ove
rn
m
ent
in
2013.
Acti
viti
es
cond
ucted
by
P
IK
-
R
W
ijaya
Ku
s
um
a
are
not
only
env
ir
onm
enta
l
extensi
on
inte
r
nal
sch
oo
l,
bu
t
al
so
in
group
s
of
ad
olesce
nt
s
ou
tsi
de
the
sch
oo
l
en
vir
onm
ent
[8]
.
So
,
wh
e
n
viewe
d
from
t
he
co
ntext,
the
PI
K
-
R
serv
ic
e
sh
ould
play
an
i
m
po
rta
nt
rol
e
in
increasin
g
the
knowle
dge
an
d
li
fe
sk
il
ls
of
st
ud
e
nts
in
facin
g
va
rio
us
a
do
l
escent
healt
h
pro
blem
s.
Re
se
arch
c
onduct
e
d
by
As
tria
na
(20
16)
,
con
cl
ud
e
s
that
there
is
a
sig
nificant
relat
io
nship
betwee
n
t
he
le
vel
of
knowle
dge
of
re
producti
ve
healt
h
with
the
util
iz
at
ion
of
P
IK
-
KRR
in
Ma
dr
asa
h
Aliy
ah
stud
e
nt
s
[4]
.
Howe
ve
r,
in
the
im
ple
m
entat
ion
of
PI
K
-
R
serv
ic
es
f
ound
m
any
ob
sta
cl
es
su
c
h
as
la
ck
of
interest
of
a
do
le
sce
nts
who
becam
e
the
m
ai
n
ta
rg
et
of
Gen
Re
pro
gr
am
,
inad
equ
at
e
fa
ci
li
tie
s
and
i
nfras
tructu
re
an
d
la
ck
of
s
kill
s
from
peer
edu
cat
or
s
a
nd
peer
counsel
or
s
[
9]
.
The
ho
pe
PIK
-
R
W
i
j
a
ya
K
usum
a
can
be
one
of
the
healt
h
inf
or
m
at
ion
source
of
st
ud
e
nt
s
in
SMA
N
1
Sr
a
ndaka
n.
The
r
ole
of
P
I
K
-
R
W
i
j
ay
a
K
us
um
a
in
i
m
pr
ov
i
ng
the
knowle
dge
an
d
ski
ll
s
of
stud
e
nts
can
be
felt
by
al
l
stud
ents
of
SM
A
N
1
Sr
a
nd
a
ka
n.
Ther
e
f
or
e,
it
is
necessary
to
c
onduct
a
stud
y
relat
ed
to
the
ro
le
of
PI
K
-
R
Wijaya
Ku
s
um
a to students
of S
M
A
N 1 Sran
da
ka
n i
n ov
e
rc
om
ing
adolesc
ent
hea
lt
h
pro
blem
s.
2.
RESEA
R
CH MET
HO
D
This
rese
arc
h
ty
pe
is
qual
it
at
i
ve
re
se
arc
h
wit
h
case
st
ud
y
a
ppr
oac
h
.
Im
plem
entat
ion
of
re
search
f
or 6
m
on
ths
(
April
-
Oct
ob
e
r
2017)
at
SMA
N
1
Sr
a
nd
a
ka
n,
B
antul,
DIY.
Ke
y
inform
ants
in
this
st
udy
w
ere
te
n
stud
e
nts
of
S
MAN
1
S
randak
a
n
who
w
ere
not
inc
orporated
as
m
e
m
ber
s
of
P
I
K
-
R
W
i
j
ay
a
Ku
s
um
a
extrac
urricular
act
ivit
ie
s
thr
o
u
gh
f
ocu
s
gro
up
disc
us
si
on
s
(FG
D
).
T
rian
gu
la
ti
on
of
da
ta
was
done
t
o
peer
counsel
or
a
nd
PI
K
-
R
c
oach
W
i
j
ay
a
Ku
s
uma
thr
ough
in
-
de
pth
i
nterv
ie
w
.
Data
a
naly
sis
us
in
g
t
hem
ati
c
data
analy
sis,
that
is
identify
in
g
t
hem
es
patte
rn
e
d
in
a
phen
ome
non.
This
st
udy
has
ob
ta
ine
d
a
et
hical
cl
e
aren
ce
appr
ov
al
from
the UA
D
Re
se
arch Et
hics C
om
m
i
tt
ee pr
ior
to data
co
ll
ect
io
n
.
3.
RESU
LT
S
A
ND AN
ALYSIS
The
pu
rpose
of
this
resea
rch
is
to
know
t
he
ro
le
of
P
IK
-
R
W
i
j
ay
a
K
usum
a
ow
ne
d
by
SMAN
1
Sr
a
nd
a
ka
n
in
he
lping
stu
de
nts
face
a
dole
sce
nt
healt
h
pr
ob
l
e
m
s.
This
is
ba
sed
on
the
hi
gh
cases
of
a
dole
scent
healt
h
pro
ble
m
s,
bo
th
in
I
ndonesi
a
and
Ba
ntu
l
Distric
t.
Then
,
the
Youth
Re
pr
oductive
Healt
h
Pr
og
ra
m
(K
RR
)
is
inclu
ded
in
the 2
01
0
-
2014
Nati
on
al
Me
diu
m
-
Term
Dev
el
op
m
ent
Plan
(RPJM
N)
. I
t
has
b
ee
n
agr
ee
d
to
be
de
velo
pe
d
into
a
Ge
ner
asi
Be
re
nc
ana
Pro
gr
am
(G
e
nRe)
for
the
prepa
rati
on
of
fam
il
y
li
f
e
for
ado
le
sce
nts.
PI
K
-
R
W
i
j
ay
a
Ku
s
um
a
is
on
e
of
the
le
a
ding
extrac
urricula
r
in
SM
AN
1
Sr
a
nd
a
ka
n.
E
xt
racu
r
ricula
r
act
ivit
ie
s
are
su
pp
or
ti
ng
act
iv
it
ie
s
or
g
a
nized
by
each
sc
hool
,
bu
t
outsi
de
of
the
c
urricul
um
and
ti
m
e
of
sch
oo
l
te
aching
a
nd
le
arn
i
ng
act
ivit
ie
s.
So
in
th
e
i
m
plem
entat
ion
,
no
t
al
l
stud
e
nts
fo
ll
ow
the
act
ivit
y.
Ther
ef
or
e,
the
key
in
form
ants
in
this
stu
dy
wer
e
no
n
-
m
e
m
ber
s
of
PIK
-
R
W
i
j
ay
a
K
us
um
a.
A
ll
i
nfor
m
ants
hav
e
bee
n
awar
e
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IJPHS
IS
S
N:
22
52
-
8806
Th
e
Role
of Wi
jaya
K
usum
a's
Youth
I
nfo
r
ma
t
ion
and C
ou
nse
l
ing
Ce
nter (PIK
-
R)
o
n
.
...
(
Kho
iri
ya
h
I
sn
i
)
29
of
var
io
us
iss
ues
of
re
pro
duct
ive
healt
h
pro
blem
s
of
te
n
face
d
by
ad
olescents.
S
om
e
rep
r
oductive
healt
h
issues
know
n
to
the
in
form
a
nt
are
a
nem
ia
,
va
gin
al
disc
ha
rg
e
,
fr
ee
sex
,
H
IV
/
AIDS,
early
m
arr
ia
ge
,
a
nd
unwa
nted
pre
gnancy.
T
he
n,
inf
or
m
ants
al
so
know
the
im
p
act
of
unhealt
hy
beh
avi
or
on
ado
le
sce
nts
can
caus
e
healt
h
pro
blem
s.
For
exam
ple,
inf
or
m
ants
m
entione
d
that
the
infl
uen
ce
of
inappr
opriat
e
us
e
of
so
ci
al
m
edia
will
b
ri
ng adol
escents to
pr
om
isc
uity
r
esulti
ng
i
n unwa
nted pr
e
g
nan
cy
a
nd ea
rly
m
arr
ia
ge.
"
.
..
fre
e
sex,
(
da
ti
ng
alre
ady
Makin
g
Lo
ve)
,
Early
m
ar
ri
age
(
affec
te
d
from
s
osmed
,
porno
graphy)
...
.
"
(J
AM,
FGD)
"
.
...a
nem
i
a,
fre
e sex (
pro
miscuity
)
en
vi
ro
nmental infl
uen
ce
s .
...
"
(HN,
F
G
D)
Adolesce
nce
is
def
ine
d
as
a
per
i
od
of
dyna
m
ic
dev
el
op
m
ent
betwee
n
physi
ologica
l,
psy
cho
s
ocial
,
tem
po
ral,
a
nd
cultu
ral.
T
his
ad
olescence
can
al
s
o
be
c
al
le
d
a
crit
ic
al
pe
rio
d.
The
per
i
od
bet
wee
n
ea
rly
pube
rty
and
t
he
form
at
ion
of
so
ci
al
ind
e
pe
ndence
.
T
he
m
os
t
char
act
erist
i
c
of
te
e
nag
e
rs
is
to
ha
ve
a
ve
ry
big
cur
i
os
it
y,
li
ke
adv
e
nture
a
nd
chall
en
ge
.
S
om
eti
m
es,
te
nd
to
dar
e
t
o
be
ar
the
ris
k
of
his
act
ion
s
w
it
ho
ut
pr
ece
de
d
by
c
aref
ul
co
ns
i
derat
ion
a
nd
th
ough
t.
I
f
the
se
s
ponta
neous
deci
sion
s
are
not
a
ppr
opriat
e,
the
y
fall
into
ris
ky
be
ha
vior
an
d
the
c
on
s
eq
ue
nces
c
an
be
s
hort
a
nd
lo
ng
te
rm
in
var
i
ou
s
physi
cal
and
ps
yc
ho
log
ic
al
healt
h
pro
blem
s
[10]
.
T
herefo
re,
at
t
his
tim
e,
ado
le
sce
nt
s
shou
l
d
be
a
war
e
of
var
io
us
issues
,
im
pacts,
an
d
le
vels
of
vulne
rab
il
it
y
and
s
er
iou
s
ness
of
hea
lt
h
pro
blem
s
that
can
be
face
d
by
ad
olesce
nts.
The
res
ults
o
f
this
stud
y
in
dicat
e
that,
al
l
infor
m
ants
hav
e
a
high
awa
ren
es
s
of
the
vulne
rab
il
it
y
of
adol
escents
involved
i
n
healt
h
pro
blem
s.
In
f
or
m
ants
m
entioned
that
the
vulne
r
abili
ty
is
influe
nced
by
fam
i
ly
and
en
vir
onm
ental
factors.
Me
an
wh
il
e,
in
form
a
nts
are
al
so
a
bl
e
to
m
ention
the
so
ci
al
im
pact
that
will
ari
se
wh
e
n
in
volved
i
n
on
e
of t
he
a
do
l
escent
healt
h p
roblem
s,
su
ch
as the
fo
ll
owin
g quote:
"
.
..
de
pe
nd
i
ng
on
t
he
pers
on,
if
fr
om
family
has
de
vi
ated,
child
cou
l
d
also
de
vi
ate
to
o.
Enviro
nment
al factors
...
"
(T
R,
FGD
)
"
.
..
it
seems
se
riou
s
,
the
fut
ure
is
no
t
cl
ea
r
,
the
fa
mily
parti
ci
pa
te
in
the
bad
and
ha
r
d
to
m
ake
a
li
vi
ng
....
"
(
US
,
FGD)
Othe
r
st
ud
ie
s
hav
e
in
dicat
ed
that
the
fam
ily
is
the
pri
m
ar
y
ed
ucator
a
ge
nt
w
ho
is
f
ully
res
pons
i
ble
for
the
avail
abi
li
ty
of
i
nfor
m
at
ion
on
ad
olesc
ent
issues,
es
pe
ci
al
ly
healt
h
i
ssu
es.
Howe
ve
r,
in
reali
ty
this
ta
sk
is
no
t
easy
.
Pa
ren
ts
nee
d
hel
p
to
facil
it
at
e
com
m
un
ic
at
ion
bet
wee
n
pa
r
ents
an
d
a
dole
scents,
s
uc
h
as
sch
oo
l
te
achers
or
hea
lt
h
w
orkers.
T
his
is
du
e
to
t
he
m
any
influ
en
c
es
of
the
en
vi
ronm
ent,
one
of
w
hich
is
the
pee
r
factor
[11]
. Thus
pa
ren
ta
l su
pe
rv
isi
on and p
e
er in
flue
nce p
l
ay
an
i
m
po
rtan
t
ro
le
in
ado
le
s
cent sex
ual b
e
hav
i
or
[12]
.
A
cco
rd
i
ng
to
Sanusi
(2004
)
in
Desyol
m
it
a
Nu
nung,
ado
le
sce
nts
ne
ed
to
get
the
in
form
ation
as
cl
ear
as
po
s
sible
a
bout
the
c
onditi
on
s
they
ex
per
ie
nc
ed.
Th
us
ad
ole
scents
a
re
a
ble
to
deal
with
t
he
cha
nges
t
hat
occur
to
him
natur
al
ly
.
The
i
nform
at
ion
nee
ds
of
a
dole
scents
in
gen
e
ral
is
a
pro
blem
rela
te
d
to
sex
an
d
m
or
e
sp
eci
fical
ly
pack
age
d
in
the
f
or
m
of
introd
uc
ti
on
of
inf
orm
at
ion
on
re
producti
ve
he
al
th
[
13
]
.
A
nothe
r
study
m
entioned
that
the
m
ai
n
sour
ce
of
healt
h
i
nfor
m
at
ion
w
he
n
in
sc
hool
is
pe
ers.
The
in
flue
nce
of
pee
rs
is
good
then
a
do
le
sce
nt
s
can
be
go
od,
no
t
in
fr
e
qu
e
nt
ly
inv
it
ed
to
do
po
sit
ive
act
ivi
ti
es
su
ch
as
f
ol
lowing
the
act
i
viti
e
s
of H
ea
lt
h I
nform
at
ion
Center
of You
t
h (P
IK
-
R)
[
14]
.
PI
K
-
R
is
one
of
the
Ge
ne
r
asi
Be
ren
ca
na
(
Gen
Re
)
pro
gr
am
.
PIK
-
R
W
i
j
ay
a
Kusu
m
a
owned
by
SMAN
1
S
randak
a
n
is
a
plac
e
for
stude
nts
t
o
do
pee
r
co
un
sel
ing
.
T
he
nu
m
ber
of
pee
r
counsel
or
s
per
per
i
od
of
4
pe
ople
.
T
he
int
rod
uctio
n
of
PIK
-
R
ac
ti
viti
es
is
done
w
hen
the
st
ud
e
nt
has
not
sta
rted
te
ac
hing
a
nd
le
arn
in
g
act
ivi
ti
es
by
giv
in
g
so
m
e
m
at
eria
ls
relat
ed
to
TRIA
D
KRR
(
Re
producti
ve
healt
h,
Se
xual
it
y
and
Drug),
Ma
tu
ra
ti
on
of
Ma
rr
ia
ge
A
ge,
a
nd
8
fam
il
y
fu
ncti
on
s
.
All
inf
orm
ants
hav
e
kn
own
ab
out
PIK
-
R
an
d
def
i
ned
it
as
a
youth
healt
h
in
form
ation
cent
er
or
an
orga
nizat
ion
that
ad
dresses
a
do
le
sce
nt
healt
h
iss
ues
su
c
h
as
HIV,
Drugs,
Fam
il
y
Me
dicinal
Plants,
H
I
V
/
AIDS,
a
nd
healt
hy
da
ti
ng an
d
ea
rly
m
arr
ia
ge.
T
he
inf
or
m
ants
al
so
ad
ded
t
hat
te
enag
e
he
al
th
inform
at
ion
ob
ta
ined
was
not
as
com
plete
and
as
m
uch
inf
or
m
at
ion
obta
in
e
d
by stu
de
nts wh
o were
m
e
m
be
rs of
PIK
-
R
. T
his is as
r
e
vealed
by the i
nform
ant, as
f
ollo
ws:
"
.
...The
infor
m
ation
center
on
adolescent
c
ouns
el
in
g
about
H
IV,
Dr
ugs
,
as
s
oci
ation
c
an
fi
nd
out
ho
w
to
s
olve th
e p
r
oble
m a
nd
can pre
vent it
....
"
(YY,
F
GD)
Stud
e
nts
w
ho
do
not
join
th
e
PI
K
-
R
feel
an
excl
us
ivit
y
betwee
n
inter
nal
PIK
-
R
a
nd
non
P
IK
-
R
m
e
m
ber
s,
the
researc
hers
dr
a
w
the
c
oncl
usi
on
t
hat
eve
n
gen
e
ral
stu
de
nts
ha
ve
a
c
uri
os
it
y
about
te
enage
issues
with
sl
ide
-
s
how
or
e
xtensi
on
prese
ntati
on
.
T
heir
passi
ve
at
ti
tud
e
im
plies
that
stud
e
nts
a
r
e
not
interest
ed
an
d
passive
will
pursu
e
in
form
at
i
on
of
ad
olesce
nt
prob
le
m
s
by
PI
K
-
R
m
e
m
be
rs
or
te
ach
ers
.
Ther
e
needs to
be
a
sim
il
arity o
f per
cepti
ons a
nd
a
ppr
oach
m
et
hods
that a
re m
ore inte
resti
ng fr
om
the p
syc
holog
ic
a
l
side
of
stu
dent
s
w
ho
are
sti
ll
te
enag
er
s,
wh
ic
h
is
reas
onable
if
c
onsidere
d
"l
ess
en
thu
sia
sti
c".
T
hi
s
w
a
s
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IS
S
N
:
2252
-
8806
IJPHS
V
ol.
7
, No
.
1
,
Ma
rch
20
1
8
:
2
7
–
3
2
30
rev
eal
e
d
by
tw
o
inf
or
m
ants
in
a
non
-
PIK
-
R
discuss
io
n
gr
oup
ex
plainin
g
that
they
did
no
t
get
in
form
at
ion
about
PIK
-
R
and
ass
um
ed
that
inform
ation
dissem
inati
on
was
only
giv
e
n
to
PIK
-
R
m
e
m
ber
s
on
ly
.
T
hu
s
,
the
inf
or
m
at
ion
is
ob
ta
ine
d
fro
m
stud
ents
w
ho
a
re
m
e
m
be
rs
of
P
I
K
-
R
a
ct
ivit
ie
s.
The
sam
e
thing
w
as
al
so
rev
eal
e
d
by
ot
her
in
f
or
m
ants
who
cl
aim
ed
to
ha
ve
receiv
ed
so
ci
al
iz
at
io
n
relat
ed
to
P
I
K
-
R
but
n
ot
ye
t
fu
ll
y
unde
rst
an
d.
S
tud
e
nt
will
seek
explanat
io
n
t
o t
he frien
ds w
ho
beco
m
e PIK
-
R m
e
m
ber
f
or
sh
ari
ng.
"
.
... I
think
PIK
-
R
members
a
r
e told t
he
i
nfo
r
ma
ti
on
.. n
ot a
l
l ...
"
(
HN, FG
D)
"
.
..... never
, not
everyo
ne
k
nows. Mem
bers
of
PI
K /
R
ar
e
g
i
ven
ma
te
ri
al .
.
.
"
(U
S
, FG
D)
“….Al
l
stud
e
nt
expect
atio
ns
ca
n
be
the
sa
me
info
rm
at
ion
eve
n
t
hough
not
me
m
be
rs
of
the
or
ga
niza
ti
on.
Eve
ry
6
m
onth
s
from
Nati
on
al
Popula
ti
on
and
F
amil
y
Plan
ni
ng
B
oard,
Hea
lt
h
Offi
ce,
Ind
on
esi
an F
amil
y Pla
nn
i
ng
Asso
ci
ation f
rom rel
ated
i
ns
ti
tuti
ons….”
(LS,
Peer
Co
unsel
or)
Re
la
te
d
healt
h
inform
ation
ob
ta
ine
d
by
non
-
P
IK
-
R
stude
nts,
pee
r
co
unsel
ors
sai
d
that
th
ere
i
s
so
c
ia
li
zat
ion
or
c
ouns
el
in
g
e
ver
y
si
x
m
on
ths
from
governm
ent
insti
tutio
ns
to
al
l
stu
den
ts
of
SM
A
N
1
Sr
a
nd
a
ka
n.
H
oweve
r,
based
on
sta
te
m
ents
from
peer
counselo
rs
can
be
con
cl
ude
d
tha
t
no
t
al
l
stud
ents
of
SMAN
1
S
ra
ndaka
n
Ba
ntu
l
f
ollow
t
he
s
ocial
iz
at
i
on
act
ivit
ie
s
and
sti
ll
on
ly
lim
it
ed
to
stud
e
nts
w
ho
f
ollo
w
extrac
urricular
PI
K
-
R
W
ijaya
Ku
s
um
a.
So
t
he
ex
pectat
ions
of
pee
r
co
un
s
el
or
s,
s
ocial
iz
at
ion
act
ivit
ie
s
can
be
fo
ll
owe
d by al
l st
udents,
both
m
e
m
ber
s and
non m
e
m
ber
s PIK
-
R.
Me
anwhil
e,
th
e
will
ing
nes
s
of
non
PIK
-
R
stud
e
nts
to
ut
il
iz
e
PI
K
-
R
can
be
sai
d
to
be
hig
h.
Th
e
resu
lt
of
the
r
e
search
s
how
s
that
alm
os
t
al
l
inf
or
m
ants
sta
t
ed
that
it
is
not
diff
ic
ult
to
a
ccess
PIK
-
R
W
i
j
ay
a
Ku
s
um
a
serv
ic
e.
H
ow
e
ve
r,
w
hat
is
interest
ing
he
re
is
that
the
inf
or
m
ant
assu
m
es
that
by
beco
m
ing
a
PI
K
-
R
m
e
m
ber
,
it
wi
ll
autom
at
ic
a
lly
be
a
ble
to
util
iz
e
the
P
I
K
-
R
ser
vice.
The
sam
e
is
a
lso
e
xpresse
d
by
pee
r
counsel
or
s
,
tha
t
there
is
no
s
pecial
require
m
ent
fo
r
stu
de
nts
interest
ed
i
n
pa
rtic
ipati
ng
in
PI
K
-
R
act
ivit
ie
s.
Howe
ver,
wh
a
t
is
interest
in
g
he
re
is
t
hat
th
e
inf
or
m
ant
as
su
m
es
that
by
beco
m
ing
a
PIK
-
R
m
e
m
ber
,
it
will
autom
at
ic
ally
be
a
ble
to
util
iz
e
the
P
IK
-
R
serv
ic
e.
I
n
fact,
to
be
a
ble
to
util
iz
e
PIK
-
R
W
ijaya
K
usu
m
a
no
t
on
ly
stu
de
nts
who
hav
e joine
d
to b
ecom
e
m
e
m
ber
s
of
P
IK
-
R
only
.
All
stud
e
nts
ca
n
ava
il
the
serv
ic
es o
f
P
I
K
-
R
W
ijaya
K
usum
a. Th
is i
s as
quo
te
d from
t
he
sta
te
m
ent o
f
infor
m
ants, as
foll
ow
s:
"
.
..
e
as
y
, ju
st j
oin
t
he
P
IK
-
R
or
ga
niza
ti
on,
c
an a
lre
ady .
.."
(IN, FG
D)
“… Th
e
re is
no re
quire
me
nt
for P
IK
-
R
me
m
bers…”
(LS, P
eer Co
unsel
or)
Peer
co
unsel
ors
m
a
y
ac
t
as
on
e
of
the
'
br
id
ges'
of
healt
h
inform
at
ion
in
PI
K
-
R
to
non
-
PIK
-
R
stud
e
nts.
Sim
i
la
rly
,
non
-
P
IK
-
R
stu
de
nts
c
on
ti
nue
t
o
rec
ei
ve
ad
olesce
nt
healt
h
in
form
ation
desp
it
e
not
fo
ll
owin
g
P
IK
-
R
extracurric
ular
act
ivit
ie
s.
Th
is
is
in
li
ne
w
it
h
researc
h
tha
t
m
entions
pee
r
co
un
sel
or
is
us
ef
ul
in
m
ai
ntaining
good
relat
ionships
bet
ween
the
cl
assr
oom
le
ader
a
nd
th
e
cl
ass
stu
de
nts
he
le
a
ds
,
es
pe
ci
al
l
y
wh
e
n
t
her
e
is
a
co
nf
li
ct
[
15
]
.
H
ow
e
ver,
good
s
kill
s
are
require
d
f
r
om
peer
co
unsel
ors
t
o
perf
or
m
the
r
ole,
s
o
they
can
be
pa
ckag
e
d
into
ef
fecti
ve
form
s.
In
fact,
peer
c
ouns
el
or
pro
gr
a
m
s
are
avail
a
ble
in
m
os
t
sc
hools
.
Howe
ver,
ther
e
are
no
sta
ndard
crit
eria
in
sel
ect
ion
sel
ect
ion
,
la
ck
of
a
dequate
trai
ning,
an
d
m
on
it
ori
ng
a
nd
evaluati
on
of
pro
gr
am
s
are
rar
e.
The
c
halle
nges
of
sel
f
-
c
ouns
el
or
peers
in
cl
ud
e
la
ck
of
sel
f
-
co
nfi
de
nce,
la
ck
of
c
riti
ci
s
m
fr
om
oth
er
st
ud
e
nt
s,
an
d
the
la
c
k
of
r
oles
,
s
kill
s,
an
d
ti
m
e
to
ful
ly
eng
age
i
n
pe
er
co
unse
li
ng
[16]
.
These
facts
of
hope
ca
n
be
on
e
of
t
he
f
ocus
of
PIK
-
R
program
i
mp
le
m
enters,
so
that
peer
c
ou
ns
el
or
cred
i
bili
ty
can
be
ac
knowle
dg
ed by ot
her stu
den
ts
[
17
]
.
Fu
rt
her
m
or
e,
i
nfor
m
ants'
kn
owle
dge
of
P
I
K
-
R
will
i
m
pact
on
ho
w
stu
de
nts
de
fine
heal
th
pro
blem
s
that
oft
en
occ
ur
in
ad
olescent
s
an
d
how
non
-
PIK
-
R
stu
de
nts
f
or
m
ulate
the
r
ole
of
P
I
K
-
R
in
a
ddressi
ng
these
ado
le
sce
nt
hea
lt
h
prob
le
m
s.
The
res
ults
showe
d
that
al
m
os
t
al
l
info
rm
ants
feel
confid
ent
if
PI
K
-
R
can
hel
p
stud
e
nts
in
overco
m
ing
the
ado
le
sce
nt
re
pro
duct
ion
heal
th
pro
blem
.
B
ecause
P
IK
-
R
m
e
m
ber
s
hav
e
bette
r
knowle
dge tha
n non
-
PIK
-
R
m
e
m
ber
s.
"
.
..
c
an
help so
lv
e stud
e
nt
pr
oble
ms
an
d
fi
nd
so
luti
ons if
th
e
re a
re
p
r
oble
m
s .
.."
(
IN, F
G
D
)
"
.
...
ma
y
be,
be
cause
PIK
-
R
members
ha
ve
been
given
kn
owled
ge
to
so
lv
e
the
pr
oble
m
...
"
(H
R,
F
GD)
PI
K
-
R
is
one
m
edia
that
can
be
acce
sse
d
by
ado
le
sce
nts
to
get
healt
h
in
form
ation
.
All
inf
or
m
ants
sta
te
d
that
the
healt
h
inform
at
ion
obta
ined
fr
om
the
scho
ol.
T
he
so
ci
a
li
zat
ion
fr
om
PK
BI
N
G
Os,
PI
K
-
R
m
e
m
ber
s,
an
d
te
achers
in
th
e
school
deliv
ered
th
r
o
ug
h
the
sub
j
ect
s.
I
nt
eresti
ng
fi
nding
s
from
this
study
relat
ed
to
the
use
of
te
c
hnology
that
is
cu
rr
e
ntly
ver
y
hi
gh
a
m
on
g
a
do
le
sc
ents,
was
not
f
ound
in
non
-
m
e
m
ber
PI
K
-
R
Wijaya
Ku
s
um
a.
It
is
a
ckno
wled
ged
by
al
l
inf
or
m
ants
that
it
rar
el
y
us
es
t
he
i
nter
ne
t
or
s
ocial
m
e
dia
to
acce
ss
healt
h
inf
or
m
at
ion
.
In
ad
diti
on
,
the
neg
at
ive
im
pa
ct
of
i
nter
net
and
so
ci
al
m
e
dia
us
a
ge
is
t
hat
t
he
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IJPHS
IS
S
N:
22
52
-
8806
Th
e
Role
of Wi
jaya
K
usum
a's
Youth
I
nfo
r
ma
t
ion
and C
ou
nse
l
ing
Ce
nter (PIK
-
R)
o
n
.
...
(
Kho
iri
ya
h
I
sn
i
)
31
healt
h
i
nfor
m
at
ion
obta
ined
is
not
necessa
rily
true,
so
that
if
no
t
getti
ng
gu
i
dan
ce
f
r
om
the
rig
ht
s
our
ce
will
br
i
ng the tee
na
ger t
o
t
he wr
ong beh
a
vior
[18
]
.
"
.
..
s
ocial
me
di
a
is
ra
r
e,
sc
hool
or
Ind
on
e
s
ian
F
amil
y
Plannin
g
A
sso
ci
ation..
Ind
on
e
s
ian
F
amil
y
Plannin
g
A
ssoc
iati
on
is
su
ff
ic
ie
nt to be i
nfo
r
med ....
"
(
YY
,
FGD)
Ba
sed
on
qu
otati
on
s
f
ro
m
info
rm
ants,
it
can
be
co
nclu
ded
that
PI
K
-
R
in
sch
oo
ls
ha
s
an
i
m
po
rtan
t
ro
le
in
prov
i
din
g
healt
h
in
form
ation
to
stu
den
ts
as
a
n
ef
fort
to
overc
om
e
ado
le
scent
reprod
uctive
healt
h
pro
blem
s.
In
li
ne
with
Har
i
ni's
stu
dy
wh
ic
h
sta
te
s
that
gi
vin
g
pe
er
c
ounse
lor
t
rainin
g
ha
s
a
si
gn
ific
a
nt
eff
ect
on
the
im
pr
ove
m
ent
of
kn
owle
dge,
at
ti
tude
,
an
d
sk
il
l
of
PIK
-
RM
stu
de
nt
[
19]
.
I
n
ad
diti
on
to
PIK
-
R,
the
so
urce
of
heal
th
inf
orm
ation
in
sch
ools
is
te
achers
t
hrough
e
xpla
natio
ns
of
certai
n
s
ubj
ect
s
.
Ot
her
s
tud
ie
s
hav
e
s
how
n
th
at
the
m
os
t
com
m
on
so
urce
of
r
ep
rod
uctiv
e
h
eal
th
inf
orm
at
ion
stud
e
nt
s
get
from
te
a
cher
s
rather t
ha
n
el
de
rly
p
e
op
le
or
healt
h
ca
re
[20
]
.
Im
pr
ov
i
ng
t
he
li
fe
sk
il
ls
of
a
do
le
sce
nts
is
a
lso
in
cl
ude
d
in
the
act
ivit
ie
s
of
PIK
-
R
W
i
j
a
ya
Ku
s
um
a.
Life
sk
il
ls
i
m
pr
ovem
ent
pr
og
ram
that
has
be
en
done
by
PIK
-
R
W
i
j
ay
a
K
us
um
a
su
ch
as
the
devel
opm
e
nt
of
a
m
at
erial
into
a
pro
du
ct
th
at
is
worth
sel
li
ng
.
So
m
e
pr
od
ucts
ever
pro
duce
d
by
stu
de
nts
in SMAN
1
Sr
a
ndak
a
n
include
m
aking
dr
i
nks
from
al
oe
ver
a,
m
akin
g
tradit
io
na
l
fo
od
m
ade
from
tem
pe,
a
nd
batik.
Life
sk
il
ls
i
m
pr
ovem
ent
pro
gr
am
s
hav
e
go
al
s
an
d
ex
pe
ct
at
ion
s
that
are
ben
e
fici
al
to
stud
ents
in
th
e
nex
t
li
fe.
Thi
s
was
expresse
d by t
he
te
ach
er
of
P
IK
-
R
W
i
j
ay
a
Ku
s
um
a, as fol
lows
:
"
.
..
activ
it
ie
s
oth
er
th
an
Tri
ad
KRR
there
T
O
GA,
K
opsis,
B
atik.
It
is
a
li
fe
ski
ll
activ
it
y
f
or
P
IK
-
R
...
ma
ki
ng dri
nks f
ro
m al
oe
ver
a, m
akin
g
tr
ad
it
ional f
oo
d
fr
om temp
e
.... "
(
Y
N,
PIK
-
R C
oac
h)
"
.
...
My
H
op
e
again,
li
fe
ski
ll
s
th
at
ha
ve
be
en
own
e
d
c
an
be
util
ize
d
in
the
fut
ur
e
....
"
(
YN,
P
IK
-
R
Coach
)
The
pur
pose
of
i
m
pr
ovin
g
li
fe
sk
il
ls
is
as
a
n
effor
t
to
tra
nsfer
sci
ence
,
id
eolo
gy
and
te
c
hnology
in
te
rm
s
of
em
p
ow
e
rm
ent
in
t
erm
s
of
econom
ic
,
ps
yc
ho
log
ic
al
,
an
d
s
oc
ia
l
fiel
ds
.
Th
us
,
the
prese
nc
e
of
ado
le
sce
nts
ca
n
ha
ve
a
posit
ive
i
m
pact
on
com
m
un
it
y
[
21
]
.
T
he
hope
of
t
he
be
nef
i
ts
of
P
IK
-
R
W
i
j
ay
a
Ku
s
um
a
is
al
s
o
felt
by
al
l
s
tud
e
nts
incl
ud
i
ng
non
-
P
IK
-
R
stud
e
nts,
s
o
th
e
functi
on
an
d
ro
le
of
P
I
K
-
R
W
i
j
ay
a
Ku
s
um
a
as
in
form
ation
a
nd
co
unsel
ing
c
enter
f
or
stu
de
nts
of
SMA
N
1
Sr
a
nd
a
ka
n
ca
n
be
achi
eved.
In
add
it
io
n,
the
r
ol
e
of
PIK
-
R
is
to
pro
vid
e
li
fe
sk
il
ls
fo
r
a
do
le
scents.
S
kill
s
an
d
r
eadi
ness
ar
e
need
e
d
in
de
al
ing
with
var
i
ou
s
hea
lt
h
pro
blem
s
thro
ugh p
os
it
ive act
ivit
ie
s.
Chan
ges
in
at
ti
tud
es
an
d
be
ha
viors
an
d
inc
reased
public
acce
ptance
,
especial
ly
ado
le
scent
healt
h
pro
blem
s
or
se
xu
al
it
y
is
a
pos
it
ive
i
m
pact
on
the
li
fe
sk
il
ls
of
a
dole
sce
nts
and
P
IK
-
R
th
r
ough
peer
co
unsel
in
g
as
a
m
edia
of
inf
or
m
at
ion
dis
sem
inati
on
[22]
.
Adolesce
nts
will
hav
e
c
onf
i
den
ce
in
al
m
os
t
al
l
aspects
of
li
fe
wh
e
n
ad
olesce
nts
hav
e
a
posi
ti
ve
reciprocal
relat
ion
s
hip
be
tween
li
fe
sk
il
ls
and
sel
f
-
co
nc
ept
[23]
.
H
owever,
it
is
no
t
easy
i
n
the
proce
ss
of
im
pr
ov
i
ng
th
e
li
fe
sk
il
ls
of
ado
le
sce
nts.
T
he
la
ck
of
pro
gr
am
con
sist
e
nc
y,
not
involvin
g
reli
gi
ou
s
bodies
pa
rtic
ularly
in
s
pr
ea
ding
knowle
dge
of
se
xual
it
y,
and
t
he
la
ck
of
ad
ole
scent
-
fr
ie
ndly
healt
h
facil
it
ie
s
that
can
be
visit
e
d
at
any
ti
m
e
by
ad
olescents
,
are
s
om
e
e
xa
m
ples
of
c
hal
le
ng
es
encou
ntere
d
in
the
process
of
i
m
pr
ovin
g
t
he
li
fe
sk
il
ls
of
a
do
le
sce
nts
[22
]
.
Coope
rati
on
acr
os
s
sect
or
s
,
not
on
ly
f
r
om
the
healt
h
a
nd
ed
uc
at
ion
sect
or
s
,
bu
t
al
s
o
f
r
om
t
he
reli
gi
ous
se
ct
or
a
nd
ot
her
sect
or
s
,
s
o
that
effor
ts
to im
pr
ov
e
the
li
fe s
kill
s of te
enag
e
rs
t
o
the
m
axi
m
u
m
.
4.
CONCL
US
I
O
N
PI
K
-
R
W
i
j
ay
a
K
us
um
a
has
an
im
po
rtant
r
ole
in
facin
g
t
eenag
e
healt
h
pro
blem
s.
PI
K
-
R
W
i
j
ay
a
Ku
s
um
a
is
one
of
t
he
s
ourc
es
of
re
pro
du
c
ti
ve
healt
h
in
f
or
m
at
ion
f
or
non
-
P
IK
-
R
stu
de
nts,
besides
t
eachers
and
N
GOs.
I
n
add
it
io
n,
st
ud
e
nts
ha
ve
a
high
awar
e
ness
of
vu
l
ner
a
bili
ty
i
n
ad
olesce
nt
he
al
th
pro
blem
s
.
Peer
s
and f
am
il
y pla
y an im
po
rtant
ro
le
i
n
a
do
le
sc
ent h
eal
t
h beh
a
vior.
ACKN
OWLE
DGE
MENTS
The
aut
hors
w
ou
l
d
li
ke
to
th
ank
for
Mi
nistry
of
Re
searc
h,
Tech
no
l
og
y
a
nd
Higher
E
du
cat
ion
of
the
Re
public
of
Indonesia,
w
hich
has
pro
vid
e
d
t
he
researc
h
gr
a
nts.
P
I
K
-
R
Wija
ya
Kusum
a
SM
AN
1
Sr
a
nd
aka
n,
Ba
ntu
l
w
hic
h
ha
s
bee
n
s
uppo
r
ti
ng
data a
nd infor
m
ant
ion
f
or this
resea
rch.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IS
S
N
:
2252
-
8806
IJPHS
V
ol.
7
, No
.
1
,
Ma
rch
20
1
8
:
2
7
–
3
2
32
REFERE
NCE
S
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ona
l
Instit
ut
e
of
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l
th
Res
ea
rch
and
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l
opm
ent
,
“
Hea
lt
h
Risk
Beha
vior
among
Junior
and
Senior
High
School
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ts
in
Indone
si
a,”
Ja
kar
ta,
2015
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D.
T.
Pakasi
an
d
R.
Kar
ti
kawa
t
i,
“
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we
en
Ne
e
ds
and
Taboo :
Sexual
ity
and
R
epr
oductive
He
a
lt
h
Edu
cation
fo
r
High
School Te
e
ns,”
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ara S
eri
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t
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ent
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l
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sia
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hic
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Hea
lth Surve
y
2012
,
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As
tri
ana
,
“
Repr
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ion
of
Ad
ole
sce
n
ts
with
t
he
Us
e
of
Info
rm
at
ion
Center
and
Consultatio
n
of
Adolesc
en
t
Reproduc
t
ive
H
ea
l
th
(PIK
-
KRR)
in
Madra
sah
A
liy
ah
Al
-
Makm
u
r,
”
J
.
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t.
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k
,
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J
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B
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Djuria
,
“
R
el
a
ti
on
bet
we
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Acc
essibil
i
t
y
o
f
Reproduc
ti
v
e
Hea
lt
h
Servi
ce
with
Prem
ari
ta
l
Sex
Beha
vior
o
n
Stree
t
Chil
dr
en a
t
Girl
an
Nus
anta
ra
Sleman
Hom
es
Yea
r
2015
,
”
Univer
sit
as
’Ais
y
i
y
ah
Yog
y
akarta,
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[6]
S.
Ari
y
anti,
“
Ea
r
l
y
Marri
age i
n
Bant
ul
is pr
edo
m
ina
ntly
Unw
an
ted Pregna
nc
y
,
”
T
ribun
News
,
Yo
g
y
ak
arta, 2015.
[7]
Nati
ona
l
Popula
ti
on
and
Fam
ily
Planni
ng
Board
,
“
Mana
gement
Guidel
in
es
for
Te
en
age
and
St
udent
Inform
at
i
on
and
Counsel
ing Cent
er
(PIK
R
/
M),”
Jak
art
a
,
20
12.
[8]
F.
W
.
B.
W
om
en’
s
Empow
erment
and
Fam
il
y
Planni
ng,
“
PIK
R
‘W
ij
a
y
a
Kus
um
a’
SM
A
N
I
Sranda
kan
First
W
inne
r
of
DIY
,
”
Fam
ily
W
el
f
are
Board
W
om
en’
s E
m
powerm
ent
and
Fam
ily
Pl
an
ning,
B
ant
ul
,
20
13.
[9]
E.
Desint
ia
,
“
Th
e
Role
of
Pal
apa
Youth
Inform
at
ion
and
Counsel
ing
Cent
er
in
Im
ple
m
ent
ing
Gen
era
t
ion
Plann
in
g
Program
in
Kelu
rah
an
D
adi
Mul
y
a
Sam
ari
nda
,
”
J.
Adm.
N
egara
,
vol
/i
ss
ue:
5
(
2
)
,
p
p.
6012
–
6025
,
2
017.
[10]
A.
C.
Curti
s,
“
Defi
ning
Adolesc
e
nce
,
”
J. A
dol
esc
.
Fam.
Heal
.
,
vol
/i
ss
ue:
7
(
2
)
,
pp
.
1
–
39,
2015
.
[11]
M.
V.
Pop
and
A.
S.
Rusu,
“
Th
e
Role
of
Pare
nt
s
in
Shaping
a
nd
Im
proving
the
Sexual
Hea
l
th
of
Chil
dre
n
–
Li
ne
s
of
Deve
lop
ing
P
are
nt
al
Sexu
alit
y
Educat
ion
Progr
amm
es,
”
Proce
d
ia
-
Soc. Behav.
S
ci
.
,
vo
l. 209, pp.
395
–
401,
2015
.
[12]
S.
Kus
um
astut
i,
“
The
Influ
ence
of
Personal
an
d
Envi
ronm
enta
l
Fact
ors
on
Se
xual
Beh
avi
or
i
n
Ad
ole
sce
n
ts,
”
Univer
sita
s Seb
e
la
s Maret,
2015.
[13]
N.
Des
y
olmit
a
a
nd
Firm
an,
“
The
Rel
a
ti
onship
b
etw
ee
n
Perc
ept
ion
s
and
the
Role
o
f
Student
s
in
the
Im
ple
m
ent
ation
of
the
Program
Acti
vity
of
Yout
h
Reproduc
t
ive
Hea
lt
h
Counse
ling
Inform
at
ion
Cent
er
at
SM
PN
2
Paria
m
a
n,
”
J
.
Ilm.
Konsel
ing
,
vol.
2
,
pp
.
213
–
2
19,
2013
.
[14]
L.
Olji
r
a,
e
t
al.
,
“
Assess
m
ent
of
comprehe
nsive H
IV/AID
S
kno
wledge
le
v
el
among i
n
-
school
ad
ole
sce
n
ts i
n
ea
st
ern
Et
hiopia,
”
J. I
nt
.
AIDS
So
c
.
,
vol
.
16,
pp
.
11
–
15
,
2
013.
[15]
P.
A.
Mudis
and
J.
M.
Ony
ango
,
Yam
bo,
“
Role
of
Peer
Counseling
on
the
Rel
ati
onship
bet
wee
n
Prefe
ct
s
and
th
e
Student
s’
bod
y
in
publi
c
Secon
dar
y
schoo
ls
in
Migori
Sub
-
county
,
Migori
Count
y
,
Ken
y
a
,
”
Int.
J.
Ac
ad.
R
e
s.
Progress
.
Educ. D
ev
.
,
vol
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ss
ue:
4
(
4
)
,
pp
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136
–
14
8,
2015
.
[16]
S.
K.
Kam
ore
and
P.
M.
Ti
ego,
“
Four
Pill
ars
of
Eff
ec
t
ive
ness
of
Peer
Counselling
Program
s
in
Mer
u
South
Distric
t
High
Schools,
K
en
y
a,”
In
t. J.
Hu
manit.
So
c. Sci.
,
vol
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ss
ue:
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(
2
)
,
p
p.
254
–
262
,
201
5.
[17]
D.
N.
Bururia
,
e
t
al.
,
“
Contri
bution
of
pee
r
counse
li
ng
t
o
student
beha
vior
cha
ng
e
in
sec
ond
ar
y
s
chool
s
in
Maa
ra
Sub Count
y
,
Ke
n
y
a
,
”
J
.
Educ.
P
oli
c
y
En
trep. Re
s.
,
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ss
ue:
1
(
2
)
,
pp
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–
93
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20
14.
[18]
S.
Siddiqui
and
T.
Singh,
“
Socia
l
Media
it
s
Im
pac
t
with
Pos
it
i
ve
and
Nega
ti
v
e
As
pec
ts,”
Int.
J.
Comput.
Appl.
Technol
.
R
es
.
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v
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ss
ue:
5
(
2
)
,
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71
–
75
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2016
.
[19]
R.
Hari
ni
,
“
The
Eff
ects
of
Peer
Counselor
Trai
ning
on
Know
ledge,
Att
it
udes
,
a
nd
Skill
s
of
PIK
-
KRM
Board
in
Facul
t
y
of
Hea
lth,
Univer
sit
y
of
Muhammadi
y
a
h
Mala
ng,
”
Pos
tgra
d.
Progr.
Nurs
.
Sci.
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[20]
A.
A.
Donaldson,
et
al.
,
“
Rec
e
i
pt
of
sexua
l
hea
l
th
informati
on
fr
om
par
ent
s,
te
a
c
her
s,
and
health
ca
re
provid
ers
by
sexua
lly
experie
nce
d
U
.
S. adole
s
ce
nts,
”
J. A
dol
esc
.
H
eal
.
,
vo
l
/i
ss
u
e:
53
(
2
)
,
pp
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235
–
240,
2013
.
[21]
R.
Rosti
kawa
ti
,
“
The
Role
of
Yo
uth
Reproductiv
e
Hea
l
th
Inform
at
ion
and
Counseli
ng
C
ent
er
(PIK
-
KRR)
on
You
th
Empow
erment
(Stud
y
at
PIK
-
KRR
‘BERKIBA
R’
Pandak
Vill
a
ge,
Bat
ur
ade
n
D
istri
ct,
Ban
y
um
a
s
Distric
t),
”
Spri
rit
Publ
ik
,
vo
l
/i
ss
ue
:
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(
1
)
,
pp.
77
–
88
,
2014
.
[22]
U.
C.
I
.
A
ban
ihe,
et
a
l.
,
“
Adolesc
ent
Sexu
al
i
t
y
a
nd
Li
fe
Skil
ls
E
duca
t
ion
in
Nige
ria
:
To
W
hat
Ex
te
nt
h
ave
Out
-
of
-
School
Adolesc
e
nts Be
en
Re
ac
he
d
?
”
Af
r.
J
.
R
epr
od.
Heal
th
,
vol
.
19,
pp
.
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–
111
,
2015.
[23]
S.
Khera
and
S.
Khos
la
,
“
A
Stud
y
of
Core
L
ife
S
kil
ls
of
Adolesc
ent
s
in
Relati
on
To
The
ir
Se
lf
Conce
pt
Dev
el
ope
d
t
hrough
Yuva
S
chool
Li
fe
Skill
Program
m
e,
”
Int
.
J
.
So
c.
Sc
i.
Int
erdisic
pli
nary
R
es
.
,
vol
/
issue:
1
(
11
)
,
pp
.
115
–
12
5,
2012.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.