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ad
to
w
ea
r
a
m
as
k
co
v
er
in
g
n
o
s
e,
m
o
u
t
h
a
n
d
ch
in
.
T
h
e
p
o
lic
y
w
a
s
n
o
t
i
m
p
le
m
e
n
ted
i
n
all
r
eg
io
n
o
f
I
n
d
o
n
e
s
ia,
b
u
t
o
n
l
y
cities
t
h
at
m
et
th
e
r
eq
u
ir
e
m
en
ts
h
ad
to
i
m
p
le
m
e
n
t
t
h
e
p
o
lic
y
.
On
e
o
f
t
h
e
r
eq
u
ir
e
m
e
n
t
s
w
as
th
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
ca
s
e
s
a
n
d
/o
r
th
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
d
ea
th
s
d
u
e
to
t
h
e
C
OVI
D
-
1
9
h
ad
to
b
e
in
cr
ea
s
i
n
g
an
d
s
p
r
ea
d
in
g
s
ig
n
i
f
ica
n
tl
y
a
n
d
r
ap
id
l
y
in
t
h
at
r
eg
io
n
[
8
]
.
J
ak
ar
ta
w
a
s
a
m
o
n
g
t
h
e
f
ir
s
t
p
r
o
v
in
ce
s
th
at
i
m
p
le
m
e
n
ted
th
e
P
SB
B
p
o
lic
y
o
n
1
0
Ap
r
il
2
0
2
0
.
Ho
w
e
v
er
,
s
o
m
e
e
x
p
er
ts
cr
iti
cize
d
th
e
p
o
lic
y
f
o
r
n
o
t
b
ei
n
g
ef
f
ec
ti
v
e
in
m
a
in
ta
in
i
n
g
p
eo
p
le’
s
C
O
VI
D
-
1
9
p
r
ev
en
tio
n
b
eh
a
v
io
r
n
o
r
p
r
ev
en
ti
n
g
th
e
in
cr
ea
s
e
in
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
ca
s
e
s
.
A
s
tu
d
y
b
y
Su
r
a
y
a
et
al
s
tated
t
h
at
th
e
ca
s
es
co
n
ti
n
u
ed
to
in
cr
ea
s
e
s
i
g
n
i
f
ica
n
tl
y
d
u
r
i
n
g
t
h
e
i
m
p
le
m
en
tatio
n
o
f
th
e
p
o
lic
y
[
7
]
.
T
h
is
in
e
f
f
ec
tiv
e
n
es
s
o
f
th
e
p
o
lic
y
w
as
ca
u
s
ed
b
y
t
h
e
co
m
m
u
n
it
y
’
s
lack
o
f
co
m
p
lia
n
ce
w
it
h
th
e
r
u
les
o
f
P
SB
B
[
9
]
,
[
1
0
]
.
A
s
tu
d
y
b
y
th
e
I
n
d
o
n
e
s
ia
n
Stat
is
tic
s
Ag
e
n
c
y
s
tated
t
h
at
t
h
e
lac
k
o
f
s
an
ctio
n
to
w
ar
d
s
p
eo
p
le
w
h
o
n
ev
er
i
m
p
le
m
en
ted
C
OVI
D
-
1
9
p
r
ev
en
tio
n
b
eh
a
v
i
o
r
s
w
a
s
t
h
e
m
ain
r
ea
s
o
n
w
h
y
m
a
n
y
p
eo
p
le
d
id
n
o
t
i
m
p
le
m
en
t
t
h
e
C
OVI
D
-
1
9
p
r
ev
en
tio
n
b
eh
a
v
io
r
g
u
id
elin
e
s
[
1
1
]
.
T
h
is
in
d
icate
s
t
h
e
n
ee
d
f
o
r
v
ar
io
u
s
h
ea
lt
h
p
r
o
m
o
ti
o
n
p
r
o
g
r
am
s
to
b
e
i
m
p
le
m
en
ted
,
th
er
eb
y
e
n
co
u
r
ag
in
g
a
n
d
e
m
p
o
w
er
i
n
g
i
n
d
i
v
id
u
als
an
d
co
m
m
u
n
ities
to
c
o
m
p
l
y
i
n
g
w
i
th
t
h
e
C
OVI
D
-
1
9
p
r
ev
en
tio
n
b
eh
a
v
i
o
r
p
r
o
to
co
ls
.
Hea
lth
B
elief
Mo
d
el
(
HB
M)
is
o
n
e
o
f
th
e
m
o
s
t
e
f
f
ec
ti
v
e
w
id
el
y
u
s
ed
m
o
d
els
to
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
a
n
d
p
r
ed
ict
v
ar
io
u
s
p
r
ev
en
tio
n
b
eh
av
io
r
s
[
1
2
]
.
T
h
e
HB
M
th
eo
r
y
s
h
o
w
s
th
a
t
h
ea
lt
h
-
r
elate
d
b
eh
av
io
r
is
i
n
f
l
u
en
ce
d
b
y
p
eo
p
le
p
er
ce
p
tio
n
o
f
th
e
f
o
u
r
v
ar
iab
les
n
a
m
el
y
p
er
ce
iv
ed
s
ev
er
it
y
,
p
er
ce
iv
ed
s
u
s
ce
p
tib
ilit
y
,
p
er
ce
iv
ed
b
en
ef
it
a
n
d
p
er
ce
iv
ed
b
ar
r
ier
[
1
3
]
.
P
er
ce
iv
ed
s
u
s
ce
p
tib
ilit
y
i
s
r
elate
d
to
an
in
d
iv
id
u
al
’
s
ass
ess
m
en
t
o
f
ch
a
n
ce
s
o
f
g
e
tti
n
g
th
e
d
is
ea
s
e
w
h
ile
p
er
ce
iv
ed
s
e
v
er
it
y
r
elate
d
to
t
h
e
j
u
d
g
m
e
n
t
ab
o
u
t
t
h
e
s
er
io
u
s
n
ess
o
f
t
h
e
d
is
ea
s
es.
P
er
ce
iv
ed
b
en
ef
it
s
v
ar
iab
le
i
s
ab
o
u
t
th
e
p
o
s
it
iv
e
th
i
n
g
s
th
at
w
il
l
h
ap
p
en
as
a
r
e
s
u
l
t
o
f
th
e
h
ea
lt
h
b
eh
a
v
io
r
an
d
p
er
ce
iv
ed
b
ar
r
ier
s
is
r
elate
d
to
th
e
d
i
f
f
ic
u
lt
y
o
f
ad
o
p
tin
g
t
h
e
n
e
w
b
eh
a
v
io
r
[
1
4
]
.
A
HB
M
r
elate
d
s
tu
d
y
i
n
I
r
an
r
ev
ea
led
th
at
Sel
f
-
ef
f
icac
y
,
p
e
r
ce
iv
ed
b
ar
r
ier
s
an
d
p
er
ce
iv
ed
b
en
ef
its
w
er
e
th
e
k
e
y
d
eter
m
in
an
ts
o
f
C
OVI
D
-
19
-
p
r
ev
en
ti
v
e
b
e
h
av
io
r
s
a
m
o
n
g
t
h
e
r
esp
o
n
d
e
n
ts
[
1
5
]
.
A
d
i
f
f
er
en
t
s
t
u
d
y
in
I
n
d
o
n
es
ia
s
h
o
w
ed
t
h
at
p
er
ce
iv
ed
s
ev
er
it
y
,
p
er
ce
iv
ed
b
en
e
f
it
s
,
s
elf
-
ef
f
icac
y
,
p
er
ce
iv
ed
b
ar
r
ier
s
an
d
c
u
es
to
ac
tio
n
v
ar
iab
le
s
w
er
e
s
ig
n
i
f
ica
n
tl
y
ass
o
ciate
d
w
it
h
C
OVI
D
-
1
9
p
r
ev
en
t
io
n
b
e
h
av
io
r
ad
h
er
en
ce
[
1
6
]
.
A
n
o
t
h
er
s
t
u
d
y
in
No
r
th
er
n
I
r
an
r
e
v
ea
led
t
h
at
v
ar
io
u
s
v
ar
iab
les
in
t
h
e
Hea
lth
B
elief
Mo
d
el
s
u
c
h
as
p
er
c
eiv
ed
b
ar
r
ier
s
,
p
e
r
ce
iv
ed
s
elf
-
ef
f
icac
y
,
f
atal
is
ti
c
b
elief
s
a
n
d
p
er
ce
iv
ed
in
ter
es
ts
in
f
l
u
en
ce
d
t
h
e
C
OVI
D
-
1
9
p
r
ev
en
tiv
e
b
e
h
av
io
r
s
[
1
7
]
.
A
s
i
m
ilar
s
tu
d
y
i
n
E
th
io
p
ia
r
ev
ea
led
th
e
s
a
m
e
p
atter
n
w
h
er
e
in
co
m
e,
p
er
ce
iv
ed
b
ar
r
ier
,
cu
es
to
ac
tio
n
an
d
s
elf
-
ef
f
icac
y
w
er
e
s
ig
n
i
f
ica
n
tl
y
r
elate
d
w
it
h
th
e
p
r
ev
en
tio
n
p
r
ac
tice
s
ag
ai
n
s
t
C
OVI
D
-
19
[
1
8
]
.
A
lth
o
u
g
h
s
o
m
e
p
r
ev
io
u
s
s
t
u
d
ies
w
er
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
ed
u
s
in
g
HB
M
th
eo
r
etica
l
f
r
a
m
e
w
o
r
k
to
e
x
p
lo
r
e
C
OVI
D
-
1
9
p
r
ev
en
tio
n
b
eh
av
io
r
s
,
s
i
m
ilar
s
tu
d
ie
s
p
er
f
o
r
m
ed
i
n
J
ak
ar
ta,
a
s
an
ep
ice
n
ter
o
f
C
OVI
D
-
1
9
i
n
I
n
d
o
n
e
s
ia
is
les
s
.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
th
is
s
t
u
d
y
ai
m
ed
at
an
al
y
z
in
g
b
eh
av
io
r
al
f
ac
to
r
s
r
elate
d
w
it
h
th
e
co
m
p
lia
n
c
e
to
th
e
P
SB
B
r
u
les
u
s
i
n
g
HB
M
th
eo
r
etica
l
f
r
a
m
e
w
o
r
k
.
T
h
is
s
tu
d
y
al
s
o
u
s
ed
m
u
lti
v
ar
iate
a
n
al
y
s
i
s
f
o
r
d
eter
m
in
i
n
g
t
h
e
m
o
s
t
af
f
ec
ti
n
g
f
ac
to
r
s
r
elate
d
to
th
e
C
O
VI
D
-
1
9
p
r
ev
en
t
iv
e
b
eh
av
io
r
s
.
2.
RE
S
E
ARCH
M
E
T
H
O
D
T
h
is
r
esear
ch
u
s
ed
q
u
a
n
titat
i
v
e
an
al
y
tic
s
w
it
h
a
cr
o
s
s
s
ec
tio
n
al
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
.
T
h
e
p
o
p
u
latio
n
o
f
th
i
s
r
esear
ch
in
cl
u
d
ed
u
n
d
er
g
r
ad
u
ate
s
t
u
d
en
t
s
an
d
th
e
ac
ad
e
m
ic
an
d
n
o
n
-
ac
ad
e
m
ic
s
ta
f
f
o
f
Un
i
v
er
s
it
y
o
f
Mu
h
a
m
m
ad
i
y
ah
P
r
o
f
.
Dr
.
Ham
k
a
lo
ca
ted
in
J
ak
ar
ta,
I
n
d
o
n
esia.
Data
w
a
s
co
ll
ec
ted
in
J
u
l
y
2
0
2
0
,
w
h
ile
a
co
n
v
e
n
ien
ce
n
o
n
-
p
r
o
b
ab
ilit
y
s
a
m
p
li
n
g
w
as
u
s
ed
as
t
h
e
s
a
m
p
li
n
g
m
et
h
o
d
.
Min
i
m
u
m
s
a
m
p
le
s
ize
w
a
s
ca
lcu
lated
u
s
i
n
g
a
s
a
m
p
le
s
iz
e
ca
lcu
lato
r
ap
p
licatio
n
b
y
W
o
r
ld
Hea
lth
Or
g
a
n
izatio
n
w
it
h
9
5
%
C
o
n
f
id
e
n
ce
I
n
ter
v
al.
T
h
e
m
i
n
i
m
u
m
s
a
m
p
l
e
s
i
ze
w
a
s
1
1
6
r
esp
o
n
d
en
ts
b
ased
o
n
th
e
ca
lc
u
latio
n
.
Data
co
llectio
n
w
a
s
d
o
n
e
u
s
i
n
g
o
n
li
n
e
q
u
esti
o
n
n
air
e.
P
r
io
r
t
o
f
illi
n
g
th
e
q
u
e
s
tio
n
n
air
e,
th
e
ai
m
an
d
s
co
p
e
o
f
th
e
r
esear
ch
an
d
g
u
i
d
an
ce
w
a
s
ex
p
lain
ed
to
th
e
r
esp
o
n
d
en
ts
.
R
e
s
p
o
n
d
en
t
s
w
h
o
ag
r
ee
d
to
f
ill
o
u
t
th
e
q
u
esti
o
n
n
air
e
s
i
g
n
ed
th
e
co
n
s
en
t
f
o
r
m
,
w
h
er
ea
s
an
o
n
y
m
it
y
an
d
co
n
f
id
en
tia
lit
y
o
f
r
esp
o
n
d
en
ts
w
er
e
en
s
u
r
ed
d
u
r
in
g
r
esear
ch
.
E
th
ical
clea
r
an
ce
w
a
s
o
b
tain
ed
f
r
o
m
Hea
lt
h
R
esear
c
h
E
th
ical
C
o
m
m
it
tee
o
f
th
e
Un
i
v
er
s
it
y
o
f
Mu
h
a
m
m
ad
i
y
ah
P
r
o
f
.
Dr
.
Ha
m
k
a
u
n
d
er
n
u
m
b
er
0
3
/2
0
.
0
7
/
0
4
9
5
.
I
n
s
tr
u
m
e
n
t
o
f
t
h
is
r
esear
c
h
co
n
s
is
ted
o
f
1
0
p
ar
ts
.
T
h
e
f
ir
s
t
p
ar
t
co
n
s
is
ted
q
u
esti
o
n
s
r
el
ated
to
th
e
ch
ar
ac
ter
is
tic
s
o
f
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22
C
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m
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h
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ten
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3
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)
an
d
s
o
ci
a
l
m
e
d
ia
(
5
3
.
4
%
)
.
T
ab
le
3
s
h
o
w
s
t
h
at
th
er
e
w
as
n
o
s
ig
n
i
f
ica
n
t
d
if
f
er
en
ce
r
elat
ed
to
C
OVI
D
-
1
9
p
r
ev
en
tio
n
c
o
m
p
lia
n
ce
b
eh
av
io
r
b
ased
o
n
th
e
s
o
cio
-
d
e
m
o
g
r
ap
h
ic
c
h
ar
ac
ter
is
tic
s
o
f
r
esp
o
n
d
en
t
s
.
T
h
er
e
w
as
a
s
ig
n
if
ica
n
t
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
b
et
w
ee
n
P
SB
B
co
m
p
lian
ce
b
eh
av
io
r
w
i
th
h
ea
l
th
m
o
tiv
atio
n
(
p
-
v
a
lu
e
0
.
0
0
1
)
,
p
er
ce
iv
ed
b
en
e
f
it
(p
-
v
al
u
e
0
.
0
0
8
)
an
d
p
e
r
ce
iv
ed
b
ar
r
ier
(
p
-
v
alu
e
0
.
0
0
7
)
b
u
t
th
er
e
w
as
n
o
s
i
g
n
if
ican
t
r
el
atio
n
s
h
ip
b
et
w
ee
n
C
OVI
D
-
1
9
p
r
ev
en
tio
n
b
eh
a
v
i
o
r
,
w
it
h
t
h
e
p
er
ce
p
tio
n
o
f
s
u
s
ce
p
tib
ilit
y
(
p
-
v
al
u
e
0
.
0
9
6
)
an
d
p
er
ce
iv
ed
s
ev
er
it
y
(p
-
v
al
u
e
0
.
2
1
5
)
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J
P
u
b
lic
Hea
lth
Sci
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8806
Usi
n
g
Hea
lth
B
elief
Mo
d
el
fo
r
p
r
ed
ictin
g
C
OV
I
D
-
1
9
p
r
ev
e
n
tio
n
p
r
a
ctice
s
a
mo
n
g
…
(
Hid
a
ya
ti)
23
T
ab
le
2
.
C
OVI
D
-
1
9
p
r
ev
en
tio
n
b
eh
av
io
r
an
d
its
d
eter
m
i
n
a
n
t
s
b
ased
o
n
Hea
lth
B
elie
f
Mo
d
el
n
%
C
OV
ID
-
1
9
p
r
e
v
e
n
t
i
v
e
b
e
h
a
v
i
o
r
G
o
o
d
71
6
1
.
2
P
o
o
r
45
3
8
.
8
Pe
r
c
e
i
v
e
d
su
sc
e
p
t
i
b
i
l
i
t
y
M
o
r
e
su
sce
p
t
i
b
l
e
57
4
9
.
1
L
e
ss su
sce
p
t
i
b
l
e
59
5
0
.
9
Pe
r
c
e
i
v
e
d
sev
e
r
i
t
y
M
o
r
e
se
v
e
r
e
25
2
1
.
6
L
e
ss se
v
e
r
e
91
7
8
.
4
Hea
l
t
h
m
o
t
i
v
a
t
i
o
n
M
o
r
e
57
4
9
.
1
L
e
ss
59
5
0
.
9
Pe
r
c
e
i
v
e
d
b
e
n
e
f
i
t
M
o
r
e
l
i
k
e
l
y
82
7
0
.
7
L
e
ss l
i
k
e
l
y
34
2
9
.
3
Pe
r
c
e
i
v
e
d
b
a
r
r
i
e
r
L
e
ss
63
5
4
.
3
M
o
r
e
53
4
5
.
7
C
u
e
s to
a
c
t
i
o
n
(
T
h
e
so
u
r
c
e
o
f
i
n
f
o
r
m
a
t
i
o
n
r
e
l
a
t
e
d
t
o
PSB
B
)
T
e
l
e
v
i
si
o
n
Y
e
s
76
6
5
.
5
N
o
40
3
4
.
5
E
d
u
c
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
sess
i
o
n
Y
e
s
46
3
9
.
7
N
o
70
6
0
.
3
S
o
c
i
a
l
m
e
d
i
a
Y
e
s
62
5
3
.
4
N
o
54
4
6
.
6
T
ab
le
3
.
B
iv
ar
iate
an
al
y
s
i
s
o
f
f
ac
to
r
s
r
elate
d
to
C
OVI
D
-
1
9
p
r
ev
en
tio
n
b
eh
a
v
io
r
C
O
V
I
D
-
1
9
p
r
e
v
e
n
t
i
o
n
b
e
h
a
v
i
o
r
p
-
v
a
l
u
e
O
d
d
s
r
a
t
i
o
G
o
o
d
P
o
o
r
n
%
n
%
A
g
e
(
i
n
y
e
a
r
s)
>
2
5
14
3
1
.
8
30
6
8
.
2
0
.
3
3
8
0
.
7
7
8
(
0
.
3
5
2
-
1
.
7
2
0
)
≤
2
5
27
3
7
.
5
45
6
2
.
5
Gend
e
r
F
e
mal
e
35
3
8
.
9
55
6
1
.
1
0
.
1
0
3
2
.
1
2
1
(
0
.
7
7
6
-
5
.
8
0
0
)
M
a
l
e
6
2
3
.
1
20
7
6
.
9
E
d
u
c
a
t
i
o
n
U
n
i
v
e
r
si
t
y
d
e
g
r
e
e
13
2
9
.
5
31
7
0
.
5
0
.
2
0
6
0
.
6
5
9
(
0
.
2
9
5
-
1
.
4
7
0
)
S
e
n
i
o
r
h
i
g
h
s
c
h
o
o
l
28
3
8
.
9
44
6
1
.
1
W
o
r
k
i
n
g
st
a
t
u
s
A
c
a
d
e
mi
c
/
n
o
n
-
a
c
a
d
e
mi
c
st
a
f
f
13
2
9
.
5
31
7
0
.
5
0
.
2
0
6
0
.
6
5
9
(
0
.
2
9
5
-
1
.
4
7
0
)
U
n
d
e
r
g
r
a
d
u
a
t
e
s
t
u
d
e
n
t
28
3
8
.
9
44
6
1
.
1
Pe
r
c
e
i
v
e
d
su
sc
e
p
t
i
b
i
l
i
t
y
M
o
r
e
su
sce
p
t
i
b
l
e
24
4
2
.
1
33
5
7
.
9
0
.
0
9
6
1
.
7
9
7
(
0
.
8
3
1
-
3
.
8
8
3
)
L
e
ss su
sce
p
t
i
b
l
e
17
2
8
.
8
42
7
1
.
2
Pe
r
c
e
i
v
e
d
sev
e
r
i
t
y
M
o
r
e
se
v
e
r
e
11
4
4
.
0
14
5
6
.
0
0
.
2
1
5
1
.
5
9
8
(
0
.
6
4
8
-
3
.
9
4
0
)
L
e
ss se
v
e
r
e
30
3
3
.
0
61
6
7
.
0
Hea
l
t
h
m
o
t
i
v
a
t
i
o
n
M
o
r
e
29
5
0
.
9
28
4
9
.
1
0
.
0
0
1
4
.
0
5
7
(
1
.
7
8
8
-
9
.
2
0
5
)
L
e
ss
12
2
0
.
3
47
7
9
.
7
Pe
r
c
e
i
v
e
d
b
e
n
e
f
i
t
M
o
r
e
l
i
k
e
l
y
35
4
2
.
7
47
5
7
.
3
0
.
0
0
8
3
.
4
7
5
(
1
.
2
9
9
-
9
.
3
0
0
)
L
e
ss l
i
k
e
l
y
6
1
7
.
6
28
8
2
.
4
Pe
r
c
e
i
v
e
d
b
a
r
r
i
e
r
L
e
ss
29
4
6
.
0
34
5
4
.
0
0
.
0
0
7
2
.
9
1
4
(
1
.
2
9
4
-
6
.
5
6
4
)
M
o
r
e
12
2
2
.
6
41
7
7
.
4
Ha
v
i
n
g
i
n
f
o
r
m
a
t
i
o
n
r
e
l
a
t
e
d
t
o
PSB
B
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
t
e
l
e
v
i
si
o
n
Y
e
s
32
4
2
.
1
44
5
7
.
9
0
.
0
2
7
2
.
5
0
5
(
1
.
0
4
9
-
5
.
9
8
3
)
No
9
2
2
.
5
31
7
7
.
5
Ha
v
i
n
g
i
n
f
o
r
m
a
t
i
o
n
r
e
l
a
t
e
d
t
o
PSB
B
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
sem
i
n
a
r
s
e
ssi
o
n
Y
e
s
25
5
4
.
3
21
4
5
.
7
0
.
0
0
1
4
.
0
1
8
(
1
.
7
9
7
-
8
.
9
8
6
)
No
16
2
2
.
9
54
7
7
.
1
Ha
v
i
n
g
i
n
f
o
r
m
a
t
i
o
n
r
e
l
a
t
e
d
t
o
PSB
B
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
so
c
i
a
l
m
e
d
i
a
Y
e
s
31
5
0
.
0
31
5
0
.
0
0
.
0
0
0
2
.
7
0
0
(
1
.
4
6
4
-
4
.
9
8
1
)
No
10
1
8
.
5
44
8
1
.
5
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
2
5
2
-
8806
I
n
t J
P
u
b
lic
Hea
lth
Sci
,
Vo
l.
22
,
No
.
1
,
M
ar
ch
20
22
:
2
0
-
27
24
T
h
e
r
esu
lts
s
h
o
w
t
h
at
r
esp
o
n
d
en
ts
w
h
o
h
ad
m
o
r
e
h
ea
l
th
m
o
tiv
atio
n
al
w
er
e
4
.
0
5
7
tim
e
s
m
o
r
e
lik
el
y
to
h
av
e
g
o
o
d
C
OVI
D
-
1
9
p
r
ev
en
t
io
n
b
e
h
av
io
r
co
m
p
ar
ed
t
o
r
esp
o
n
d
en
ts
w
h
o
h
ad
les
s
h
ea
lt
h
m
o
tiv
at
io
n
al
(
9
5
%
C
I
;
OR
1
.
7
8
8
-
9
.
2
0
5
)
.
R
esp
o
n
d
en
ts
w
h
o
h
ad
m
o
r
e
p
er
ce
p
tio
n
o
f
b
en
ef
i
ts
w
er
e
3
.
4
7
5
ti
m
es
m
o
r
e
li
k
el
y
to
h
a
v
e
g
o
o
d
C
OVI
D
-
1
9
p
r
ev
en
t
io
n
b
e
h
av
io
r
co
m
p
ar
ed
t
o
r
esp
o
n
d
en
ts
w
h
o
h
ad
less
(
lo
w
)
p
er
ce
p
tio
n
o
f
b
en
ef
it
s
(
9
5
%
C
I
;
O
R
1
.
2
9
9
-
9
.
3
0
0
)
.
Me
an
w
h
ile,
r
esp
o
n
d
en
ts
w
h
o
h
ad
le
s
s
p
er
ce
i
v
ed
b
ar
r
ier
s
w
er
e
2
.
9
1
4
ti
m
e
s
m
o
r
e
lik
e
l
y
to
h
a
v
e
g
o
o
d
C
OVI
D
-
1
9
p
r
ev
en
tio
n
b
e
h
av
io
r
co
m
p
ar
ed
th
o
s
e
w
h
o
h
ad
m
o
r
e
p
er
ce
iv
ed
b
ar
r
ier
s
(
9
5
% C
I
; O
R
1
.
2
9
4
-
6
.
5
6
4
)
.
T
h
er
e
w
as
a
s
i
g
n
if
ican
t
r
elati
o
n
s
h
ip
b
et
w
ee
n
P
SB
B
co
m
p
l
ian
ce
b
eh
av
io
r
an
d
h
a
v
in
g
i
n
f
o
r
m
atio
n
r
elate
d
to
P
SB
B
f
r
o
m
ad
v
er
ti
s
in
g
(
p
-
v
al
u
e
0
.
0
2
7
)
,
s
e
m
i
n
ar
/ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
s
e
s
s
io
n
(
p
-
v
al
u
e
0
.
0
0
1
)
an
d
s
o
cial
m
ed
ia
(
p
-
v
al
u
e
0
.
0
0
0
)
.
R
esp
o
n
d
en
t
s
w
h
o
h
ad
ac
ce
s
s
ed
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
r
elate
d
to
P
SB
B
f
r
o
m
th
e
v
ar
io
u
s
m
ed
ia
(
telev
is
io
n
,
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al/
s
e
m
in
ar
s
ess
io
n
a
n
d
s
o
cial
m
ed
ia
)
ten
d
ed
to
h
av
e
g
o
o
d
C
O
VI
D
-
1
9
p
r
ev
en
ti
on
b
eh
av
io
r
.
R
esp
o
n
d
en
t
s
w
h
o
h
ad
ac
ce
s
s
ed
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
r
elate
d
to
P
SB
B
f
r
o
m
telev
is
io
n
h
a
d
2
.
5
0
5
tim
e
s
b
etter
C
OVI
D
-
1
9
p
r
ev
en
tio
n
b
eh
a
v
i
o
r
co
m
p
ar
ed
to
th
o
s
e
w
h
o
h
ad
n
o
t (
9
5
% C
I
; O
R
1
.
0
4
9
-
5
.
9
8
3
)
.
T
ab
le
4
s
h
o
w
s
m
u
lti
v
ar
iate
an
al
y
s
i
s
r
esu
lt.
T
h
e
tab
le
r
ev
e
als
th
at
h
ea
l
th
m
o
ti
v
atio
n
an
d
p
er
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it
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D
-
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p
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R
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io
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4.
DIS
CU
SS
I
O
N
T
h
e
r
esu
lts
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f
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y
s
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ap
p
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x
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atel
y
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o
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s
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o
n
d
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ts
h
a
v
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a
g
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o
d
b
eh
av
i
o
r
r
elate
d
to
th
e
p
r
ev
en
tio
n
o
f
C
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D
-
1
9
.
A
s
t
u
d
y
b
y
I
n
d
o
n
e
s
ian
Statis
t
ics
A
g
e
n
c
y
a
ls
o
s
h
o
w
e
d
a
s
im
ilar
p
atter
n
w
h
er
e
ab
o
u
t
6
7
%
o
f
r
esp
o
n
d
en
ts
w
h
o
co
m
p
l
y
w
it
h
t
h
e
C
OVI
D
-
1
9
p
r
ev
en
ti
v
e
b
e
h
av
i
o
r
s
[
1
9
]
.
T
h
is
s
t
u
d
y
s
h
o
w
ed
t
h
at
h
ea
lt
h
m
o
ti
v
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n
p
o
s
iti
v
el
y
i
n
f
l
u
e
n
ce
d
C
OV
I
D
-
1
9
p
r
ev
en
tio
n
b
e
h
av
io
r
.
A
p
r
ev
io
u
s
s
tu
d
y
i
n
Ho
r
m
o
z
g
an
I
r
an
al
s
h
o
f
o
u
n
d
th
at
p
r
o
tectio
n
m
o
ti
v
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n
w
as
p
o
s
it
iv
el
y
as
s
o
ciate
d
w
it
h
t
h
e
C
O
VI
D
-
1
9
p
r
ev
en
ti
v
e
b
e
h
av
io
r
s
[
2
0
]
.
Var
io
u
s
t
h
eo
r
ies
h
a
v
e
id
e
n
ti
f
ied
d
if
f
er
e
n
t
C
OVI
D1
9
p
r
ev
e
n
tio
n
b
eh
a
v
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r
r
elate
d
f
ac
to
r
s
,
a
m
o
n
g
w
h
ic
h
is
t
h
e
P
r
o
tectio
n
Mo
tiv
atio
n
T
h
eo
r
y
(
P
MT
)
[
2
0
]
w
h
ich
i
s
o
f
t
en
u
s
ed
to
p
r
ed
ict
p
r
o
tectiv
e
b
eh
av
io
r
.
T
h
e
P
M
T
b
eliev
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th
at
p
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s
o
n
al
m
o
ti
v
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to
p
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tect
o
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eself
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h
e
r
ea
s
o
n
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p
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s
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n
ad
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a
p
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tectiv
e
b
eh
av
io
r
a
g
ain
s
t
h
ea
l
th
t
h
r
ea
ts
[
2
1
]
.
Var
io
u
s
f
ac
to
r
s
li
k
e
co
n
f
id
e
n
ce
in
in
s
tit
u
tio
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s
,
s
o
cial
ex
p
er
ien
ce
s
,
k
n
o
w
led
g
e,
o
n
e
's
m
e
n
tal
h
ea
lt
h
a
n
d
w
ell
-
b
ein
g
co
u
ld
in
cr
ea
s
e
m
o
tiv
at
io
n
[
2
2
]
.
Kn
o
w
led
g
e
a
n
d
ex
p
o
s
u
r
e
to
in
f
o
r
m
at
io
n
ab
o
u
t
th
e
r
is
k
o
f
co
n
tr
ac
ti
n
g
C
OV
I
D
-
1
9
co
u
ld
i
n
cr
ea
s
e
a
p
er
s
o
n
'
s
m
o
ti
v
atio
n
a
n
d
ca
p
ab
ilit
y
to
co
m
p
l
y
w
it
h
p
r
o
tectiv
e
b
eh
a
v
io
r
.
I
t is also
s
tr
o
n
g
l
y
i
n
f
l
u
en
ce
d
b
y
s
o
cial
n
o
r
m
s
[
2
3
]
.
Ho
w
e
v
er
,
th
e
g
o
v
er
n
m
e
n
t
h
as
an
i
m
p
o
r
tan
t
r
o
le
in
in
cr
ea
s
i
n
g
p
eo
p
le'
s
m
o
ti
v
atio
n
s
o
a
s
t
o
co
m
p
l
y
w
it
h
C
OVI
D
-
1
9
p
r
ev
en
tio
n
b
eh
av
io
r
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
tr
u
s
t
a
n
d
co
n
f
id
en
ce
to
w
ar
d
s
t
h
e
g
o
v
er
n
m
en
t.
T
h
is
co
u
ld
b
e
r
ea
lized
b
y
en
s
u
r
i
n
g
a
n
d
teac
h
in
g
cit
ize
n
s
t
h
e
ef
f
ec
ti
v
e
n
es
s
an
d
n
ec
es
s
it
y
o
f
th
e
p
r
ep
ar
ed
g
u
id
elin
e
s
[
2
4
]
.
Var
io
u
s
e
f
f
o
r
ts
h
a
v
e
b
ee
n
m
ad
e
b
y
t
h
e
g
o
v
er
n
m
e
n
t
i
n
d
if
f
er
e
n
t
f
o
r
m
s
to
i
m
p
le
m
en
t
t
h
e
C
O
VI
D
-
19
p
r
ev
en
tio
n
a
n
d
co
n
tr
o
l
s
tr
ateg
y
i
n
I
n
d
o
n
e
s
ia.
As
s
tip
u
lated
in
th
e
Mi
n
is
tr
y
o
f
Hea
lt
h
r
eg
u
l
atio
n
s
,
th
er
e
ar
e
at
least
s
e
v
e
n
m
ai
n
s
tr
ate
g
ie
s
[
2
5
]
,
am
o
n
g
w
h
ich
th
o
s
e
th
a
t
p
l
a
y
a
v
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y
i
m
p
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r
tan
t
r
o
le
in
s
h
ap
in
g
m
o
ti
v
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n
ar
e
th
e
i
m
p
le
m
e
n
tatio
n
o
f
r
is
k
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
an
d
co
m
m
u
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it
y
e
m
p
o
w
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m
e
n
t.
T
h
e
g
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v
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n
m
en
t,
b
o
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n
tr
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v
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o
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T
h
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I
n
d
o
n
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g
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m
en
t
f
o
cu
s
ed
o
n
r
is
k
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m
m
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s
tr
ate
g
ie
s
to
in
cr
ea
s
e
p
u
b
lic
a
w
ar
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n
ess
o
f
C
OVI
D
-
1
9
.
T
h
is
s
tr
ate
g
y
i
s
ca
r
r
ied
o
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t
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s
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v
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e
th
o
d
s
a
n
d
m
ed
i
a,
b
o
th
d
ig
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an
d
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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2252
-
8806
Usi
n
g
Hea
lth
B
elief
Mo
d
el
fo
r
p
r
ed
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g
C
OV
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D
-
1
9
p
r
ev
e
n
tio
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p
r
a
ctice
s
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mo
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g
…
(
Hid
a
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25
co
n
v
e
n
tio
n
al
m
ed
ia
[
2
6
]
.
T
h
e
g
o
v
er
n
m
e
n
t
's p
o
lic
y
r
eg
ar
d
in
g
th
e
C
OVI
D
-
1
9
p
r
ev
e
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tin
g
b
e
h
av
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r
i
n
I
n
d
o
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e
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r
eg
u
lated
b
y
t
h
e
Dec
r
ee
f
r
o
m
t
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e
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n
d
o
n
esia
n
Mi
n
is
ter
o
f
Hea
lth
co
n
ce
r
n
in
g
Hea
lt
h
P
r
o
to
co
ls
f
o
r
th
e
C
o
m
m
u
n
i
t
y
in
P
u
b
lic
P
lace
s
an
d
Facili
ties
.
T
h
e
p
o
lic
y
r
eg
u
lates
an
d
in
v
ite
s
e
v
er
y
o
n
e
to
s
tar
t
i
m
p
le
m
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th
e
n
e
w
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e
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av
io
r
al
h
ab
it
s
as
a
f
o
r
m
o
f
ad
ap
tatio
n
to
th
e
p
an
d
em
ic
[
2
7
]
.
T
h
e
t
w
o
m
ai
n
p
u
b
lic
p
o
licies
s
et
b
y
th
e
g
o
v
er
n
m
e
n
t
w
er
e
p
h
y
s
ica
l
d
is
tan
ci
n
g
an
d
m
i
n
i
m
izin
g
m
o
b
ilit
y
[
2
8
]
.
A
p
r
ev
i
o
u
s
s
tu
d
y
r
e
v
e
al
e
d
th
a
t
s
ev
e
r
al
a
c
t
iv
i
ti
es
im
p
o
s
e
d
b
y
th
e
g
o
v
e
r
n
m
en
t
d
u
r
in
g
th
e
C
O
V
I
D
-
1
9
p
a
n
d
em
i
c
c
o
u
l
d
h
el
p
f
o
r
b
e
h
av
io
u
r
a
l
ch
an
g
e
[
1
6
]
.
R
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[
2
9
]
.
On
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w
l
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g
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[
3
0
]
.
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o
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n
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1
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[
3
1
]
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[
3
2
]
.
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h
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5.
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1
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P
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Dr
.
Ham
k
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.
RE
F
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R
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NC
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S
[
1
]
C
.
D
a
n
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.
M
,
“
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[
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W
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.
[
4
]
M
.
L
o
t
f
i
,
M
.
R
.
H
a
m
b
l
i
n
,
a
n
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e
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e
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,
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C
O
V
I
D
-
1
9
:
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r
a
n
smissi
o
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,
p
r
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a
n
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s,”
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l
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a
C
h
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m
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Ac
t
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;
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[
5
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I
.
A
h
me
d
e
t
a
l
.
,
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a
v
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I
D
-
19
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n
B
a
n
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l
a
d
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sh
:
A
c
r
o
ss
-
se
c
t
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l
st
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Pl
o
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v
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.
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