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1102
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2
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1
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In
stit
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f
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:
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Hass
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atic
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in
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ac
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ter
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f
tech
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lo
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in
n
o
v
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s
[
1
]
.
I
t
h
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s
I
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m
an
a
g
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s
to
p
r
io
r
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I
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a
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3
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C
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p
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[
4
]
,
ta
k
in
g
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n
to
co
n
s
id
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co
s
t,
s
ch
ed
u
le,
an
d
q
u
alit
y
[
5
-
7
]
.
T
h
ese
m
etr
ics,
f
o
cu
s
e
s
o
n
p
r
o
j
ec
t
ef
f
ec
ti
v
en
e
s
s
i
n
s
tea
d
o
f
ef
f
icie
n
c
y
[
8
]
.
A
s
a
r
esu
lt
,
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
m
etr
ics
p
r
esen
t
ed
in
th
e
liter
at
u
r
e
f
o
r
ca
lcu
la
ti
n
g
p
r
o
j
ec
t
p
r
io
r
ity
h
av
e
b
ee
n
cr
iticized
f
o
r
n
o
t
s
u
p
p
o
r
tin
g
t
h
e
d
ep
lo
y
m
e
n
t
o
f
th
e
co
r
p
o
r
ate
s
tr
ateg
y
[
9
]
.
Du
e
to
th
e
li
m
ited
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
o
f
SME
s
,
th
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
s
el
ec
ted
I
T
p
r
o
j
ec
ts
to
b
e
im
p
le
m
en
ted
is
s
ca
r
ce
.
C
o
n
s
eq
u
en
t
l
y
,
it
m
a
y
h
ap
p
en
th
a
t
s
o
m
e
b
u
s
i
n
es
s
g
o
als
ar
e
n
o
t
co
v
er
ed
b
y
an
y
I
T
p
r
o
j
ec
t.
T
h
is
p
ap
er
ai
m
s
to
o
v
er
co
m
e
th
i
s
li
m
itati
o
n
an
d
it
p
r
o
p
o
s
es
a
m
u
lti
o
b
jectiv
e
m
o
d
el
f
o
r
s
elec
ti
n
g
I
T
p
r
o
j
ec
ts
,
it
tak
es
s
ix
t
y
p
ical
p
r
o
j
ec
t
p
r
io
r
itizatio
n
o
b
j
ec
tiv
es
in
to
co
n
s
id
er
atio
n
an
d
m
er
g
e
s
th
e
ex
i
s
ti
n
g
m
et
h
o
d
s
f
r
o
m
m
u
lt
ip
le
d
i
m
en
s
io
n
s
.
T
h
e
n
e
w
d
ef
i
n
e
d
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
ca
n
p
r
o
d
u
ce
m
o
r
e
f
lex
ib
le
p
r
o
j
ec
t
p
r
io
r
itizatio
n
an
d
en
s
u
r
es
th
e
r
ap
id
ly
ac
h
iev
e
m
e
n
t o
f
m
a
x
i
m
al
b
u
s
i
n
ess
g
o
als.
T
h
e
r
est o
f
t
h
is
p
ap
er
is
o
r
g
an
i
ze
d
as f
o
llo
w
:
f
ir
s
tl
y
,
a
liter
at
u
r
e
r
ev
ie
w
ab
o
u
t t
h
e
s
u
b
j
ec
t is
p
r
esen
ted
in
Sec
tio
n
2
,
t
h
en
th
e
b
ac
k
g
r
o
u
n
d
o
f
t
h
e
e
x
is
t
in
g
s
in
g
l
e
o
b
j
ec
tiv
e
f
o
r
m
u
latio
n
o
f
p
r
o
j
ec
t
p
r
io
r
itizatio
n
p
r
o
b
lem
is
p
r
esen
ted
i
n
Sectio
n
3
.
Sectio
n
4
in
tr
o
d
u
ce
s
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
m
u
lti
-
o
b
j
ec
tiv
e
I
T
p
r
o
j
ec
t
p
r
io
r
itizatio
n
alg
o
r
ith
m
.
Fi
n
all
y
,
th
e
r
es
u
lt
s
o
f
a
ca
s
e
s
t
u
d
y
ar
e
an
al
y
s
ed
a
n
d
d
is
cu
s
s
ed
in
Sec
tio
n
5
b
ef
o
r
e
co
n
clu
d
in
g
.
2.
L
I
T
E
R
AT
U
RE
R
E
VI
E
W
P
r
o
j
ec
t
P
o
r
tf
o
lio
m
a
n
ag
e
m
e
n
t
is
a
d
y
n
a
m
ic
d
ec
is
io
n
p
r
o
ce
s
s
th
at
ca
n
b
e
p
r
esen
ted
as
a
n
i
m
p
ac
ti
n
g
f
ac
to
r
in
th
e
lo
n
g
ter
m
r
esu
lt
o
f
a
co
m
p
a
n
y
[
10
]
.
T
h
e
ai
m
b
eh
in
d
t
h
e
u
s
e
o
f
p
r
o
j
ec
t
p
o
r
tf
o
lio
is
th
e
s
elec
tio
n
o
f
th
e
g
r
o
u
p
o
f
p
r
o
j
ec
ts
th
at
m
ax
i
m
izes t
h
e
ac
h
ie
v
e
m
e
n
t o
f
s
tr
ateg
ic
o
b
j
ec
tiv
es.
T
h
e
co
n
ce
p
t
o
f
p
r
o
j
ec
t
p
o
r
tf
o
lio
h
a
s
b
ee
n
i
n
tr
o
d
u
ce
d
i
n
1
9
5
2
b
y
Har
r
y
Ma
r
k
o
w
itz
[
11
]
w
h
ic
h
h
a
s
ea
r
n
ed
h
i
m
t
h
e
No
b
el
P
r
ize
in
ec
o
n
o
m
ic
s
i
n
1
9
9
0
.
Ho
w
ev
er
,
th
e
ap
p
licatio
n
o
f
t
h
e
co
n
ce
p
ts
an
d
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
es
o
f
p
o
r
tf
o
lio
m
a
n
ag
e
m
e
n
t
d
er
i
v
ed
f
r
o
m
f
i
n
a
n
ce
in
in
f
o
r
m
a
ti
o
n
s
y
s
te
m
s
co
n
f
r
o
n
ts
s
o
m
e
li
m
itatio
n
s
b
ec
a
u
s
e
it
is
d
if
f
ic
u
lt to
ca
lcu
late
t
h
e
e
x
p
ec
ted
v
alu
e
o
f
I
T
p
r
o
j
ec
ts
[
1
2
].
Mo
s
t
r
esear
ch
es
co
n
d
u
cted
o
n
th
is
to
p
ic
co
n
cl
u
d
ed
th
e
i
m
p
o
r
tan
ce
o
f
th
e
s
tr
ate
g
ic
ali
g
n
m
en
t
o
f
I
T
[1
3
]
,
[
1
4
]
.
A
s
s
u
c
h
,
ef
f
ec
ti
v
e
m
an
a
g
e
m
e
n
t
o
f
I
T
p
r
o
j
ec
ts
w
i
ll
r
eq
u
ir
e
alig
n
m
e
n
t
a
m
o
n
g
a
co
m
p
le
x
o
f
ch
o
ice
s
r
ef
lecti
n
g
b
o
th
a
s
tr
ate
g
ic
a
n
d
a
f
u
n
ctio
n
a
l
p
er
s
p
ec
t
iv
e.
Se
v
er
al
co
n
ti
n
g
e
n
c
y
m
o
d
el
s
h
av
e
b
ee
n
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
in
I
n
f
o
r
m
a
tio
n
s
y
s
te
m
s
t
u
d
ies.
T
h
ese
m
o
d
els
h
a
v
e
b
ee
n
u
s
ed
to
s
tu
d
y
t
h
e
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
b
et
w
ee
n
b
u
s
in
e
s
s
s
tr
ateg
y
,
s
tr
u
ct
u
r
e,
I
T
s
tr
ateg
y
an
d
I
T
s
tr
u
ct
u
r
e
[
1
5
]
,
[1
6
]
.
Mo
r
eo
v
er
,
th
e
alig
n
m
e
n
t
b
et
w
ee
n
i
n
f
o
r
m
ati
o
n
r
eq
u
ir
e
m
en
ts
a
n
d
in
f
o
r
m
a
tio
n
p
r
o
ce
s
s
in
g
ca
p
ac
it
y
h
as
b
ee
n
u
n
d
er
l
y
in
g
t
h
e
o
b
j
ec
tiv
e
o
f
g
r
ea
t
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
r
esear
ch
er
s
[
1
7
-
20
].
A
cc
o
r
d
in
g
to
Ma
r
k
A
.
L
an
g
le
y
,
a
P
MI
P
r
esid
en
t
an
d
C
E
O
[
21
]
m
an
y
o
r
g
a
n
izat
io
n
s
h
a
v
e
n
o
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
b
e
n
ef
i
ts
r
ea
lizatio
n
m
an
a
g
e
m
e
n
t
p
r
o
ce
s
s
es
i
n
p
lace
,
th
ese
o
r
g
an
izatio
n
s
ar
e
m
es
s
in
g
an
o
p
p
o
r
tu
n
it
y
to
en
s
u
r
e
th
at
th
eir
p
r
o
j
ec
ts
d
eliv
er
t
h
e
ex
p
ec
ted
s
tr
ate
g
ic
i
m
p
ac
t.
Ma
n
y
e
m
p
ir
ical
s
t
u
d
ies
h
av
e
s
h
o
w
n
t
h
at
t
h
e
b
u
s
i
n
ess
v
alu
e
f
r
o
m
I
T
p
r
o
jects
in
v
est
m
e
n
ts
ca
n
b
e
g
r
ea
ter
th
an
th
e
o
n
e
b
ein
g
c
u
r
r
e
n
tl
y
ac
h
ie
v
ed
[
22
]
.
Or
g
an
iza
tio
n
s
t
h
at
v
al
u
e
p
r
o
ject
m
an
a
g
e
m
en
t
as
t
h
e
s
tr
ate
g
ic
ca
p
ab
ilit
y
th
a
t
d
r
iv
es
ch
a
n
g
e
alr
ea
d
y
p
er
f
o
r
m
b
ette
r
th
an
t
h
eir
co
u
n
ter
p
ar
ts
[
21
]
.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
a
g
o
o
d
I
T
p
r
o
j
ec
t
m
an
a
g
e
m
en
t
s
h
o
u
ld
en
a
b
le
th
e
b
u
s
i
n
es
s
an
d
I
T
ex
ec
u
tiv
es
to
u
n
d
er
s
ta
n
d
h
o
w
I
T
co
n
tr
ib
u
tes to
t
h
e
ac
co
m
p
lis
h
m
en
t o
f
b
u
s
i
n
es
s
g
o
al
s
in
t
h
e
p
ast a
n
d
i
n
th
e
f
u
tu
r
e.
P
r
o
j
ec
t
p
r
i
o
r
itizatio
n
tech
n
iq
u
es
tr
y
to
o
r
d
er
p
r
o
j
e
cts
in
s
u
c
h
a
w
a
y
t
h
at
i
n
cr
ea
s
es
th
e
r
ate
o
f
r
etu
r
n
o
n
in
v
est
m
e
n
t,
s
e
v
er
al
m
eth
o
d
o
lo
g
ies
f
o
r
p
r
o
j
ec
t
p
r
i
o
r
ity
ca
l
cu
latio
n
w
er
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
b
y
b
o
t
h
p
r
ac
titi
o
n
er
s
a
n
d
r
esear
ch
er
s
.
T
h
e
f
ir
s
t
p
r
o
v
id
es
tech
n
iq
u
e
s
f
o
r
d
escr
ib
in
g
an
d
s
co
r
in
g
p
r
o
j
ec
ts
in
o
r
d
er
to
r
an
g
e
th
e
m
ac
co
r
d
in
g
to
th
eir
ad
v
an
ta
g
e
[2
3
]
,
th
ese
tech
n
iq
u
es
p
r
o
v
id
es
o
n
l
y
g
e
n
er
al
in
d
icatio
n
s
an
d
r
ec
o
m
m
en
d
atio
n
s
f
o
r
m
an
a
g
i
n
g
p
r
o
j
ec
t
p
o
r
tf
o
lio
s
.
T
h
e
s
ec
o
n
d
g
r
o
u
p
f
o
cu
s
e
s
o
n
th
e
tec
h
n
ical
asp
ec
ts
,
t
h
e
m
o
s
t
ap
p
r
o
p
r
iates
o
n
es
p
r
o
p
o
s
e
th
e
u
s
e
o
f
m
u
lti
-
cr
iter
ia
d
ec
is
io
n
m
a
k
i
n
g
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
es
w
h
e
n
s
elec
ti
n
g
p
r
o
j
ec
t
s
[
1
]
,
[2
4
]
,
s
co
r
in
g
m
o
d
el
s
[
2
5
]
,
[2
6
]
o
r
ec
o
n
o
m
i
c
m
et
h
o
d
s
[
2
5
]
,
[2
7
]
,
[2
8
]
.
Se
v
er
al
cr
iticis
m
s
h
av
e
b
ee
n
ex
p
r
ess
ed
ag
ai
n
s
t
s
u
c
h
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
es
[
2
9
]
,
m
o
s
t
o
f
th
e
m
s
i
m
p
li
f
y
t
h
e
p
r
o
b
le
m
to
o
m
u
c
h
o
r
r
eq
u
ir
e
t
h
e
e
m
p
lo
y
m
en
t
o
f
s
o
p
h
is
t
icate
d
to
o
ls
w
h
ic
h
m
a
k
es t
h
eir
i
m
p
le
m
en
tatio
n
v
er
y
li
m
ited
.
Fro
m
o
u
r
liter
atu
r
e
r
ev
ie
w
,
w
e
h
av
e
co
n
cl
u
d
ed
th
at:
a.
T
h
e
co
n
v
en
tio
n
al
p
r
o
j
ec
t
r
an
k
in
g
in
d
e
x
es
ar
e
p
r
o
n
e
to
er
r
o
r
s
,
m
o
s
t
o
f
p
r
o
j
ec
t
p
r
io
r
ity
ca
lc
u
latio
n
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
es
f
o
cu
s
e
s
o
n
th
e
tec
h
n
ica
l
asp
ec
ts
r
at
h
er
t
h
an
o
n
t
h
e
ac
h
iev
e
m
e
n
t
o
f
th
e
b
u
s
i
n
es
s
g
o
al
s
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8708
I
n
t J
E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
,
Vo
l.
8
,
No
.
2
,
A
p
r
il 2
0
1
8
:
1
1
0
2
–
1111
1104
cr
af
ted
b
y
t
h
e
co
m
p
a
n
y
.
Av
er
ag
e
ec
o
n
o
m
ic
p
r
o
j
ec
t
s
u
cc
es
s
is
m
ea
s
u
r
ed
b
y
t
h
e
ac
h
ie
v
e
m
en
t
o
f
o
b
j
ec
tiv
es r
elate
d
to
tar
g
et
co
s
ts
,
tar
g
et
r
ev
e
n
u
es,
cu
s
to
m
er
s
atis
f
ac
tio
n
,
an
d
p
r
o
f
itab
ilit
y
.
b.
On
g
o
in
g
co
n
tr
o
l
m
ec
h
a
n
i
s
m
s
to
en
s
u
r
e
th
e
v
a
lid
it
y
o
f
a
p
r
o
j
ec
t’
s
alig
n
m
en
t
ar
e
r
ar
ely
i
m
p
le
m
en
ted
in
p
r
ac
tice.
T
h
er
e
is
n
o
ef
f
ec
ti
v
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
m
etr
ics
f
o
r
ca
lcu
latin
g
th
e
ali
g
n
m
e
n
t
s
co
r
e
o
f
a
g
iv
e
n
p
r
o
j
ec
t.
c.
L
ac
k
o
f
m
etr
ics
th
a
t ta
k
e
in
to
ac
co
u
n
t t
h
e
i
n
ter
d
ep
en
d
en
cie
s
b
et
w
ee
n
p
r
o
j
ec
ts
th
at
t
h
e
p
o
r
tf
o
lio
is
co
m
p
o
s
ed
o
f
.
P
r
o
j
ec
t
p
r
io
r
it
y
is
ca
lc
u
lated
s
ep
ar
atel
y
w
i
th
o
u
t
ta
k
i
n
g
i
n
to
co
n
s
id
er
ati
o
n
th
e
in
ter
ac
tio
n
b
et
w
ee
n
p
r
o
j
ec
ts
.
d.
T
h
er
e
is
n
o
m
ec
h
an
i
s
m
f
o
r
en
s
u
r
i
n
g
t
h
at
th
e
s
e
lecte
d
I
T
p
r
o
j
ec
t
p
o
r
tf
o
lio
co
v
er
s
all
th
e
b
u
s
in
e
s
s
g
o
als t
h
at
it h
a
s
b
ee
n
d
esi
g
n
ed
f
o
r
.
R
esp
o
n
d
i
n
g
to
t
h
o
s
e
n
ee
d
s
a
n
d
en
ab
lin
g
o
r
g
an
izat
io
n
s
to
r
e
alize
o
p
ti
m
al
v
a
lu
e
w
it
h
ac
ce
p
tab
le
r
is
k
an
d
af
f
o
r
d
ab
le
co
s
ts
,
w
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
e
a
s
et
o
f
p
r
o
j
ec
t
p
r
i
o
r
itizatio
n
o
b
j
ec
tiv
es
w
h
ic
h
allo
w
s
t
h
e
ea
r
ly
d
etec
t
io
n
o
f
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
v
ar
ian
ce
s
t
h
at
h
in
d
er
o
r
f
ac
ilit
ate
t
h
e
ac
h
ie
v
e
m
en
t
o
f
a
p
o
r
tf
o
lio
'
s
b
u
s
i
n
e
s
s
g
o
als.
T
h
en
,
w
e
p
r
o
v
id
e
o
u
r
m
u
lti
-
o
b
j
ec
tiv
e
m
o
d
el
t
h
at
ta
k
es
all
th
e
o
b
j
ec
tiv
es
i
n
co
n
s
id
er
atio
n
to
in
cr
e
ase
t
h
e
ac
c
u
r
ac
y
o
f
p
r
o
j
ec
t p
r
i
o
r
itizatio
n
.
3.
RE
S
E
ARCH
M
E
T
H
O
D
P
r
o
j
ec
t
p
r
io
r
itizatio
n
is
a
r
ese
ar
ch
h
o
ts
p
o
t
i
n
th
e
f
ield
o
f
p
o
r
tf
o
lio
m
a
n
ag
e
m
e
n
t.
I
t
ca
n
b
e
d
ef
in
ed
as
f
o
llo
w
s
:
Def
i
n
itio
n
1
: I
T
P
r
o
j
ec
t P
r
i
o
r
it
izatio
n
P
r
o
b
lem
Giv
e
n
:
P
,
a
p
r
o
j
ec
t
s
u
ite
alr
ea
d
y
e
x
is
ted
,
P
I
,
th
e
s
et
o
f
all
p
o
s
s
ib
le
p
r
io
r
itizatio
n
o
f
P
,
an
d
f
,
an
o
b
j
ec
tiv
e
f
u
n
ctio
n
f
r
o
m
P
I
to
th
e
r
ea
l n
u
m
b
er
s
.
P
r
o
b
lem
:
Fi
n
d
P
’
∈
P
I
s
u
ch
th
at
(
∀
P
’
’
)
(
P
’
’
∈
P
I
)
(
P
’
’
≠
P
’
)
[
f
(
P
’
)
≥
f
(
P
’
’
)
]
.
f
a
s
s
i
g
n
s
a
r
ea
l
v
al
u
e
to
a
p
er
m
u
tatio
n
o
f
P
ac
co
r
d
in
g
to
th
e
p
r
o
j
ec
t
ad
eq
u
ac
y
o
f
t
h
e
p
ar
t
icu
lar
p
er
m
u
tatio
n
.
T
h
e
id
ea
l
o
r
d
er
w
o
u
ld
b
e
th
e
o
n
e
th
a
t
co
v
er
s
all
t
h
e
b
u
s
i
n
es
s
g
o
als
ea
r
lie
s
t.
C
u
r
r
e
n
tl
y
,
I
T
p
r
o
j
ec
t
p
r
io
r
itizatio
n
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
es d
er
iv
ed
f
r
o
m
p
r
o
f
e
s
s
io
n
al
liter
at
u
r
e
m
o
s
tl
y
ai
m
ed
at
s
in
g
le
o
b
j
ec
tiv
e,
in
cl
u
d
in
g
:
3
.
1
.
P
rio
rit
iza
t
io
n
ba
s
ed
o
n Alig
n
m
ent
Sco
re
:
AS(
p)
C
OB
I
T
is
an
in
teg
r
ated
f
r
a
m
e
w
o
r
k
t
h
at
f
ac
ilit
ate
s
th
e
ac
h
ie
v
e
m
e
n
t
o
f
t
h
e
b
u
s
in
e
s
s
’
s
s
tr
at
eg
ic
g
o
als
th
r
o
u
g
h
a
n
ef
f
ec
ti
v
e
I
T
g
o
v
er
n
an
ce
a
n
d
m
an
a
g
e
m
e
n
t
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
[
30
]
.
C
OB
I
T
p
r
o
p
o
s
es
a
g
o
als
ca
s
ca
d
e
th
a
t
s
u
p
p
o
r
ts
t
h
e
id
en
t
if
ica
tio
n
o
f
s
tak
e
h
o
ld
er
n
ee
d
s
a
n
d
e
n
ter
p
r
is
e
s
tr
ate
g
ic
o
b
j
ec
tiv
es
th
r
o
u
g
h
t
h
e
ac
h
iev
e
m
e
n
t
o
f
tec
h
n
ica
l
o
u
tco
m
es.
C
OB
I
T
5
em
p
h
asize
s
ali
g
n
in
g
I
T
in
itiati
v
e
s
w
it
h
b
u
s
i
n
e
s
s
r
eq
u
ir
e
m
en
ts
f
ir
s
t
b
e
f
o
r
e
b
u
ild
in
g
a
s
y
s
te
m
t
h
at
is
b
ei
n
g
co
n
s
id
er
ed
f
o
r
ac
q
u
is
itio
n
[
31
]
.
T
h
e
s
tr
ateg
ic
o
b
j
ec
tiv
es
d
ef
i
n
e
th
e
m
a
n
n
er
in
w
h
ic
h
t
h
e
o
r
g
an
izatio
n
s
h
o
u
ld
in
ter
ac
t
w
it
h
its
en
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
t
i
n
o
r
d
er
to
r
ea
ch
its
p
u
r
p
o
s
e.
I
t
is
es
s
en
tia
ll
y
f
o
cu
s
ed
o
n
t
h
e
ex
ter
n
al
p
er
s
p
ec
tiv
e
o
f
th
e
o
r
g
an
izatio
n
.
T
h
e
b
u
s
in
es
s
g
o
als
d
ef
i
n
e
w
h
at
n
ee
d
s
to
b
e
ac
h
iev
ed
to
r
e
alize
th
e
s
tr
ate
g
ic
o
b
j
ec
tiv
e.
T
h
ey
h
av
e
u
s
u
all
y
a
lo
n
g
ter
m
f
o
c
u
s
,
b
o
th
b
u
s
i
n
es
s
g
o
als
a
n
d
s
tr
a
te
g
ic
o
b
j
ec
tiv
es
ar
e
co
n
ce
r
n
ed
w
it
h
w
h
at
m
u
s
t
b
e
ac
h
iev
ed
a
n
d
n
o
t h
o
w
it
w
il
l b
e
ac
h
iev
ed
.
T
h
e
I
T
G
o
als
n
ee
d
to
b
e
lin
k
ed
to
b
u
s
in
es
s
g
o
als,
Kap
la
n
an
d
No
r
to
n
in
tr
o
d
u
ce
d
th
e
co
n
ce
p
t
o
f
lin
k
ag
e
i
n
1
9
9
6
[
32
]
,
b
u
t
th
e
y
d
o
n
o
t
s
u
p
p
l
y
a
n
y
f
u
r
t
h
er
n
o
tio
n
s
o
r
m
e
th
o
d
s
to
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
th
eir
co
n
ce
p
t.
T
h
e
y
ex
p
lain
,
"
W
ith
o
u
t
s
u
c
h
li
n
k
a
g
e,
in
d
i
v
id
u
al
s
a
n
d
d
ep
ar
tm
e
n
ts
ca
n
o
p
ti
m
ize
th
eir
lo
ca
l
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
b
u
t
n
o
t
co
n
tr
ib
u
te
to
ac
h
ie
v
i
n
g
s
tr
ateg
ic
o
b
j
ec
tiv
es."
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
o
r
g
an
izatio
n
s
m
u
s
t
clea
r
l
y
d
e
f
i
n
e
t
h
e
h
ier
ar
ch
y
o
f
t
h
e
B
u
s
i
n
ess
/I
T
Go
als
(
Fig
u
r
e
1
)
w
h
ic
h
allo
w
s
r
ap
id
l
y
p
r
o
p
ag
atin
g
c
h
a
n
g
e
s
.
Ou
r
g
o
al
is
to
id
e
n
ti
f
y
t
h
e
s
tr
ateg
ic
i
n
ter
d
ep
en
d
en
cies
b
et
w
ee
n
I
T
p
r
o
j
ec
ts
,
an
d
ca
lcu
late
th
e
alig
n
m
e
n
t
s
co
r
e
o
f
ea
ch
p
r
o
ject
w
it
h
t
h
e
s
tr
ateg
ic
o
b
j
ec
tiv
e
d
esire
d
b
y
th
e
i
m
p
le
m
e
n
t
atio
n
o
f
a
p
r
o
j
ec
t
p
o
r
tf
o
lio
.
L
et
O
b
e
t
h
e
s
tr
ate
g
ic
o
b
j
ec
tiv
e
t
h
at
a
n
o
r
g
a
n
izatio
n
w
a
n
t
t
o
ac
h
iev
e
b
y
t
h
e
r
ea
lizat
io
n
o
f
a
p
r
o
j
ec
t
p
o
r
tf
o
lio
,
N
th
e
to
tal
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
B
u
s
in
e
s
s
g
o
al
s
B
,
M
th
e
t
o
tal
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
I
T
g
o
als
T
,
an
d
I
th
e
to
tal
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
p
r
o
jects P
.
T
o
b
e
co
n
s
id
er
ed
in
th
e
p
r
o
j
e
ct
p
o
r
tf
o
lio
s
elec
tio
n
p
h
ase,
ea
ch
p
r
o
j
ec
t
P
m
u
s
t
co
n
tr
ib
u
te
s
at
least
to
th
e
ac
h
ie
v
e
m
e
n
t o
f
o
n
e
I
T
g
o
al,
an
d
ea
ch
I
T
g
o
al
T
m
u
s
t c
o
n
tr
ib
u
tes at
leas
t to
o
n
e
b
u
s
i
n
es
s
g
o
al.
T
h
e
alig
n
m
e
n
t sco
r
e
ASP
o
f
a
p
r
o
j
ec
t P
w
it
h
a
s
tr
ateg
ic
o
b
j
e
ctiv
e
O
ca
n
b
e
ca
lc
u
lated
as f
o
llo
w
:
a.
A
PT
:
th
e
i
n
v
o
lv
e
m
e
n
t d
eg
r
ee
o
f
ea
ch
p
r
o
j
ec
t
P
to
ac
h
iev
e
I
T
g
o
al
T
b.
A
TB
:
th
e
i
n
v
o
l
v
e
m
e
n
t d
eg
r
ee
o
f
ea
ch
I
T
g
o
al
T
to
ac
h
iev
e
B
u
s
i
n
es
s
g
o
al
B
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J
E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
I
SS
N:
2
0
88
-
8708
Mu
lti
-
o
b
jective
I
T P
r
o
ject
S
elec
tio
n
Mo
d
el
fo
r
I
mp
r
o
vin
g
S
ME
S
tr
a
teg
y
Dep
lo
yme
n
t
(
A
b
ir
E
l Ya
ma
mi
)
1105
c.
A
PO
:
th
e
ali
g
n
m
e
n
t
s
co
r
e
w
h
ich
i
s
th
e
i
n
v
o
lv
e
m
e
n
t
d
eg
r
e
e
o
f
ea
ch
p
r
o
j
ec
t
P
in
ac
h
iev
i
n
g
t
h
e
s
tr
ateg
ic
o
b
j
ec
tiv
e
O
∑
∑
∑
∑
∑
∑
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
B
u
s
in
e
s
s
/ I
T
Go
als h
ier
ar
ch
y
s
a
m
p
le
3
.
2
.
P
rio
rit
iza
t
io
n ba
s
ed
o
n B
enef
it
/ C
o
s
t
ra
t
io
:
B
CR
(
p)
A
co
s
t b
e
n
ef
it a
n
al
y
s
i
s
i
s
u
s
ed
to
ev
a
lu
ate
t
h
e
to
tal
an
t
icip
ated
co
s
t o
f
a
p
r
o
j
ec
t c
o
m
p
ar
ed
t
o
th
e
to
tal
ex
p
ec
ted
b
en
e
f
its
in
o
r
d
er
to
d
eter
m
i
n
e
w
h
et
h
er
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
i
m
p
le
m
en
ta
tio
n
is
w
o
r
t
h
w
h
i
le
f
o
r
a
co
m
p
an
y
o
r
p
r
o
j
ec
t te
am
.
T
h
e
B
C
R
ca
n
b
e
ca
lcu
lated
as f
o
llo
w
:
3
.
3
.
P
rio
rit
iza
t
io
n ba
s
ed
o
n
I
nta
ng
ibl
e
B
enef
it
NIB
(
p)
P
r
o
j
ec
ts
g
en
er
ate
m
a
n
y
i
n
ta
n
g
ib
le
b
en
e
f
it
s
t
h
at
ca
n
n
o
t
b
e
d
eter
m
in
ed
b
y
co
n
v
e
n
tio
n
al
ev
alu
a
tio
n
m
et
h
o
d
s
.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
u
s
i
n
g
a
m
et
h
o
d
th
at
o
n
l
y
m
ea
s
u
r
e
s
t
h
e
f
in
a
n
cial
b
en
e
f
it
i
s
n
o
t
s
u
f
f
icien
t
f
o
r
p
r
o
p
e
r
p
r
o
j
ec
t e
v
alu
atio
n
.
W
e
ca
lcu
l
a
te
th
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
i
n
ta
n
g
ib
le
b
en
ef
it th
a
t c
an
b
e
r
ea
lized
b
y
a
p
r
o
j
ec
t a
s
f
o
llo
w
:
Su
p
p
o
s
e
t
h
at
t
h
e
i
n
ta
n
g
ib
le
b
en
ef
it t
h
at
t
h
e
p
o
r
tf
o
lio
ai
m
s
to
p
r
o
v
id
e
is
B
=
{b
1
,
b
2
….
b
m
}
an
d
g
i
v
e
n
a
p
r
o
j
ec
t
s
u
ite
P
=
{p
1
,
p
2
,
…p
n
}.
Fo
r
ea
ch
in
ta
n
g
ib
le
b
en
e
f
it
b
∈
B
,
t
h
er
e
is
at
least
o
n
e
p
r
o
j
ec
t
p
∈
P
w
h
ic
h
s
ati
s
f
ies
b
.
th
is
r
elatio
n
f
r
o
m
P
to
B
is
d
en
o
ted
as S(
P
,
B
)
n
*
m
W
e
p
r
ovid
e
b
e
l
o
w
th
e
a
l
go
r
i
thm f
o
r
th
e
c
a
l
c
ul
a
tion
of
S:
A
l
g
o
r
i
t
h
m
1
:
c
a
l
c
u
l
a
t
e
t
h
e
r
e
l
a
t
i
o
n
sh
i
p
S
b
e
t
w
e
e
n
I
T
p
r
o
j
e
c
t
s a
n
d
I
n
t
a
n
g
i
b
l
e
b
e
n
e
f
i
t
s
fo
r
(
i
=
1
;
i
<
=
n
;
i
+
+
)
{
f
o
r
(
j
=
1
;
j
<
=
m;
j
+
+
)
{
i
f
(
p
i
sat
i
sf
i
e
s
b
j
)
t
h
e
n
S
(
p
i
,b
j
)
=
1
;
e
l
s
e
S
(
p
i
,b
j
)
=
0
;
}
}
S
ca
n
b
e
co
n
s
id
er
ed
as
a
n
*
m
m
atr
i
x
.
NI
B
(
p
i)
is
u
s
ed
to
ca
lcu
late
t
h
e
s
et
o
f
all
in
ta
n
g
i
b
le
b
en
ef
its
s
at
is
f
ied
b
y
p
r
o
j
ec
t p
i,
w
h
er
e
NI
B
(
p
i )
=
{b
|
S(p
i
,
b
)
=1
}.
|
NI
B
(
p
i )
|
is
u
s
ed
to
d
en
o
te
th
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
in
ta
n
g
ib
le
b
en
e
f
its
.
3
.
4
.
P
rio
rit
iza
t
io
n ba
s
ed
o
n P
a
y
b
a
ck
P
er
io
d:
P
B
(
p)
T
h
e
p
ay
b
ac
k
p
er
io
d
is
ca
lcu
l
ated
b
y
co
u
n
ti
n
g
t
h
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
y
ea
r
s
i
t
w
ill
ta
k
e
to
r
ec
o
v
e
r
th
e
ca
s
h
in
v
e
s
ted
in
a
p
r
o
j
ec
t.
T
h
e
f
o
r
m
u
l
a
to
ca
lcu
late
p
a
y
b
ac
k
p
er
io
d
o
f
a
p
r
o
ject
ca
n
b
e
ca
lcu
lat
ed
as f
o
llo
w
[
8
]
:
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8708
I
n
t J
E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
,
Vo
l.
8
,
No
.
2
,
A
p
r
il 2
0
1
8
:
1
1
0
2
–
1111
1106
W
h
er
e
p
b
tak
e
th
e
r
ec
ip
r
o
ca
l
v
alu
e,
t
h
e
g
r
ater
t
h
e
v
al
u
e,
t
h
e
h
ig
h
er
th
e
p
r
io
r
i
t
y
.
3
.
5
.
P
rio
rit
iza
t
io
n ba
s
ed
o
n Ris
k
P
rio
rit
y
Nu
m
ber:
R(
p)
T
h
e
P
MI
d
ef
in
e
p
r
o
j
ec
t
r
is
k
as
a
p
r
o
b
a
b
ilit
y
o
f
th
r
ea
t
o
r
d
am
ag
e
w
h
ic
h
an
y
o
cc
u
r
r
en
ce
c
an
i
m
p
ac
t
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
an
d
ac
ti
v
itie
s
[
3
3
].
A
cc
o
r
d
in
g
to
[
3
4
]
,
r
is
k
is
t
h
e
p
o
ten
tial h
ar
m
ca
u
s
ed
i
f
a
p
ar
ticu
la
r
t
h
r
ea
t e
x
p
lo
its
a
p
ar
ticu
lar
v
u
ln
er
ab
ili
t
y
to
ca
u
s
e
d
a
m
ag
e
to
a
n
as
s
et
.
R
is
k
p
r
ed
ictio
n
h
e
lp
s
to
r
ec
o
g
n
ize
ta
n
g
ib
le
an
d
in
ta
n
g
ib
le
r
is
k
s
an
d
th
e
n
m
ea
s
u
r
e
th
e
o
r
g
a
n
izatio
n
’
s
r
is
k
to
le
r
an
ce
.
R
is
k
P
r
io
r
ity
N
u
m
b
er
is
a
s
y
s
te
m
a
tic
an
d
p
r
o
ac
tiv
e
m
etr
ic
f
o
r
id
en
tify
i
n
g
cr
itical
r
i
s
k
s
ass
o
ciate
d
w
it
h
th
e
p
r
o
j
ec
t.
E
ac
h
r
is
k
g
ets
a
n
u
m
er
ic
s
co
r
e
t
h
at
q
u
a
n
tif
ie
s
t
h
e
l
ik
el
ih
o
o
d
th
a
t
t
h
e
r
is
k
w
ill
o
cc
u
r
,
t
h
e
lik
eli
h
o
o
d
o
f
th
e
r
is
k
w
ill
n
o
t
b
e
d
etec
ted
an
d
th
e
am
o
u
n
t
o
f
d
a
m
ag
e
t
h
at
t
h
e
r
is
k
m
a
y
c
au
s
e
to
th
e
p
r
o
j
ec
t.
T
h
e
R
P
N
is
ca
lcu
lated
as f
o
llo
w
:
∑
n
th
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
r
is
k
s
t
h
at
m
a
y
b
e
en
co
u
n
ter
ed
b
y
th
e
p
r
o
j
ec
t p
.
W
h
er
e
R
P
N(
p
)
tak
e
th
e
r
ec
ip
r
o
ca
l v
alu
e,
t
h
e
g
r
ater
th
e
v
al
u
e
,
th
e
h
i
g
h
er
t
h
e
p
r
io
r
it
y
.
3
.
6
.
P
rio
rit
iza
t
io
n ba
s
ed
o
n bus
i
nes
s
g
o
a
ls
co
v
er
a
g
e
C(
p)
Desp
ite
th
e
i
m
p
o
r
ta
n
ce
o
f
th
e
p
r
o
j
ec
t
p
r
io
r
itizatio
n
m
etr
ic
s
p
r
esen
ted
ab
o
v
e
in
ca
lcu
lati
n
g
p
r
o
j
ec
t
p
r
io
r
ity
,
i
t
m
a
y
h
ap
p
en
t
h
at
s
o
m
e
b
u
s
i
n
es
s
g
o
als
ar
e
n
o
t
co
v
er
ed
b
y
an
y
s
ele
cted
I
T
p
r
o
j
e
ct.
W
ith
th
e
ai
m
o
f
b
alan
cin
g
t
h
e
p
r
o
j
ec
t
p
o
r
tf
o
lio
,
w
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
e
an
ad
d
itio
n
al
m
etr
ic
t
h
at
co
u
n
ts
t
h
e
to
tal
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
b
u
s
i
n
ess
g
o
als co
v
er
ed
b
y
ea
c
h
p
r
o
j
ec
t.
T
h
e
id
ea
is
to
p
ick
th
e
p
r
o
j
ec
t
w
i
th
t
h
e
g
r
ea
test
co
v
er
ag
e
a
n
d
th
en
s
u
cc
e
s
s
i
v
el
y
ad
d
t
h
o
s
e
p
r
o
j
ec
ts
th
at
co
v
er
th
e
m
o
s
t
y
et
u
n
co
v
er
ed
b
u
s
in
ess
g
o
al
s
.
A
l
g
o
r
ith
m
2
p
r
esen
ts
th
e
p
r
io
r
itizatio
n
b
ased
o
n
b
u
s
in
e
s
s
g
o
als co
v
er
ag
e
.
A
l
g
o
r
i
t
h
m
2
:
P
r
i
o
r
i
t
i
z
a
t
i
o
n
b
a
se
d
o
n
b
u
s
i
n
e
ss g
o
a
l
s c
o
v
e
r
a
g
e
In
p
u
t
:
P
:
a
q
u
e
u
e
o
f
p
r
o
j
e
c
t
s
B
:
a
se
t
o
f
b
u
si
n
e
ss g
o
a
l
s
Ou
t
p
u
t
:
P
’
:
a
w
e
l
l
o
r
d
e
r
e
d
q
u
e
u
e
c
o
v
e
r
(
p
)
:
t
h
e
g
o
a
l
c
o
v
e
r
a
g
e
se
t
o
f
p
P
’
=
∅
;
B
*
=
∅
;
/
/
se
t
o
f
g
o
a
l
s t
h
a
t
h
a
s
b
e
e
n
c
o
v
e
r
e
d
F
o
r
e
a
c
h
p
∈
P
C
o
u
n
t
c
o
v
e
r
(
p
)
;
/
/
n
u
m
b
e
r
o
f
g
o
a
l
s c
o
v
e
r
e
d
b
y
p
r
o
j
e
c
t
p
w
h
i
l
e
(
P
’
!
=
P
)
{
i
f
(
B
=
=
∅
)
{ B
=
B
*
;
B
*
=
∅
;
} e
l
se
{
I
f
(
p
c
o
v
e
r
e
d
t
h
e
max
i
mu
m s
u
b
se
t
B
’
o
f
B
)
{
p
j
o
i
n
P
’
i
n
t
h
e
t
a
i
l
;
B
=
B
-
B
’
;
B
*
=
B
*
+
B
’
;
}
}
}
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J
E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
I
SS
N:
2
0
88
-
8708
Mu
lti
-
o
b
jective
I
T P
r
o
ject
S
elec
tio
n
Mo
d
el
fo
r
I
mp
r
o
vin
g
S
ME
S
tr
a
teg
y
Dep
lo
yme
n
t
(
A
b
ir
E
l Ya
ma
mi
)
1107
T
h
e
co
v
er
a
g
e
b
ased
p
r
io
r
itizatio
n
is
as
f
o
llo
w
:
|
|
I
t
m
a
y
b
e
a
ca
s
e
th
at
th
e
co
v
e
r
ag
e
o
f
I
T
p
r
o
j
ec
ts
p
ick
ed
in
t
h
e
latter
is
h
i
g
h
er
th
a
n
in
t
h
e
f
o
r
m
er
.
T
h
u
s
,
af
te
r
all
th
e
b
u
s
in
e
s
s
g
o
als
b
ein
g
co
v
er
ed
b
y
a
s
et
o
f
p
r
o
j
ec
ts
,
th
es
e
p
r
o
j
ec
ts
s
h
o
u
ld
b
e
g
r
o
u
p
ed
an
d
th
e
ap
p
r
o
p
r
iate
v
alu
e
s
h
o
u
ld
b
e
ad
d
ed
b
ased
o
n
th
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
th
e
p
r
o
j
ec
ts
.
4.
T
H
E
P
RO
P
O
SE
D
M
UL
T
I
-
O
B
J
E
CT
I
V
E
P
RIOR
I
T
I
Z
A
T
I
O
N
A
L
G
O
R
I
T
H
M
Su
p
p
o
s
e
th
at
a
p
r
o
j
ec
t
s
u
ite
p
=
{
p1,
p2
,
p
3
…
p
n
},
f
o
r
ea
ch
p
in
P
a
p
r
io
r
iti
za
tio
n
v
al
u
e
in
itiall
y
0
is
ass
i
g
n
ed
.
Fo
r
ea
ch
p
r
o
j
e
ct
w
e
ca
lcu
late
th
e
p
r
o
j
ec
t
p
r
io
r
ity
in
d
iv
id
u
all
y
o
n
s
i
x
d
i
m
e
n
s
io
n
s
:
Alig
n
m
e
n
t
s
co
r
e
AS(
p
)
,
B
en
ef
it
C
o
s
t
R
atio
B
C
R
(
p
)
,
Nu
m
b
er
o
f
in
tan
g
ib
l
e
b
en
ef
it
NI
B
(
p
)
,
P
ay
b
ac
k
P
er
io
d
PB
(
p
)
,
R
is
k
P
r
io
r
ity
R
(
p
)
,
B
u
s
i
n
e
s
s
Go
als
C
o
v
er
ag
e
C
(
p
)
(
1
)
,
an
d
th
en
g
et
th
e
r
es
u
lts
f
r
o
m
ea
c
h
o
b
j
ec
t
iv
e
to
estab
lis
h
t
h
e
d
ec
is
io
n
m
a
tr
ix
(
2
)
.
Du
e
to
th
e
d
if
f
er
e
n
t
m
ea
s
u
r
e
m
e
n
t
o
f
ea
ch
d
i
m
e
n
s
io
n
,
th
e
r
es
u
lt
s
n
ee
d
to
b
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
ed
b
y
n
o
r
m
aliza
t
io
n
in
o
r
d
er
to
p
r
o
ce
s
s
th
e
d
ata
co
n
v
en
ien
t
l
y
(
3
)
.
Af
ter
th
e
n
o
r
m
aliza
tio
n
,
th
e
v
alu
e
s
f
r
o
m
e
v
er
y
asp
ec
t
ar
e
u
n
i
f
ied
o
n
o
n
e
d
i
m
en
s
io
n
ac
co
r
d
in
g
to
t
h
e
cla
s
s
i
ca
l
w
ei
g
h
ted
s
u
m
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
in
o
r
d
er
to
g
et
f
’
(
4
)
.
Fin
all
y
,
p
r
o
j
ec
ts
ar
e
s
o
r
ted
i
n
d
escen
d
i
n
g
o
r
d
er
ac
co
r
d
in
g
to
th
eir
p
r
io
r
it
y
v
alu
e
f
’
:
t
h
e
g
r
ea
t
er
t
h
e
f
’
,
t
h
e
h
ig
h
er
t
h
e
p
r
io
r
ity
(
5
)
.
A
l
g
o
r
i
t
h
m
3
:
M
u
l
t
i
-
o
b
j
e
c
t
i
v
e
P
r
i
o
r
i
t
i
z
a
t
i
o
n
A
l
g
o
r
i
t
h
m
In
p
u
t
:
P
=
{p
1
,p
2
,
…
p
n
}:
a
q
u
e
u
e
o
f
p
r
o
j
e
c
t
s
W
=
{w
1
,w
2
,
…w
m
}:
O
b
j
e
c
t
i
v
e
s w
e
i
g
h
t
s
Ou
t
p
u
t
:
P
’
:
a
w
e
l
l
o
r
d
e
r
e
d
q
u
e
u
e
f
’
:
p
r
i
o
r
i
t
y
v
a
l
u
e
o
f
e
a
c
h
p
r
o
j
e
c
t
1.
F
o
r
e
a
c
h
p
∈
P
C
a
l
c
u
l
a
t
e
A
S
(
p
)
,
B
C
R
(
p
)
,
N
I
B
(
p
)
,
P
B
(
p
)
,
R
(
p
)
,
C
(
p
)
;
2.
Est
a
b
l
i
s
h
t
h
e
d
e
c
i
si
o
n
M
a
t
r
i
x
;
3.
C
a
l
c
u
l
a
t
e
a
n
o
r
mal
i
z
e
d
d
e
c
i
si
o
n
ma
t
r
i
x
√
∑
4.
F
o
r
e
a
c
h
p
∈
P
C
a
l
c
u
l
a
t
e
t
h
e
s
i
n
g
l
e
o
b
j
e
c
t
i
v
e
f
’
b
a
se
d
o
n
t
h
e
w
e
i
g
h
t
e
d
s
u
m
∑
∑
5.
R
e
o
r
d
e
r
P
a
c
c
o
r
d
i
n
g
t
o
f
’
t
o
f
o
r
m a
n
e
w
q
u
e
u
e
P
’
;
5.
RE
SU
L
T
S AN
D
D
I
SCU
SS
I
O
N
5
.
1
.
Ca
s
e
o
f
Study
T
o
in
v
esti
g
ate
I
T
p
r
o
j
ec
t
p
r
io
r
itizatio
n
a
n
d
to
co
m
p
ar
e
a
n
d
ev
al
u
ate
th
e
p
r
io
r
itizatio
n
tech
n
iq
u
e
s
de
s
cr
ib
ed
in
s
ec
tio
n
3
,
w
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
ca
s
e
s
tu
d
y
.
Giv
e
n
an
I
T
p
r
o
j
ec
t
s
u
ite
P
=
{p
1
,
p
2
,
p
3
,
p
4
,
p
5
}
to
b
e
ex
e
cu
ted
b
y
an
SME
.
Si
n
ce
it
is
n
o
t
p
o
s
s
ib
le
to
k
n
o
w
t
h
e
b
u
s
in
e
s
s
g
o
al
s
a
ch
iev
ed
b
y
I
T
p
r
o
j
ec
ts
in
ad
v
an
ce
.
T
ab
le
1
p
r
esen
ts
t
h
e
e
x
p
ec
ted
co
v
er
ag
e
o
f
b
u
s
i
n
ess
g
o
als.
T
ab
le
1
.
B
u
s
in
e
s
s
g
o
als co
v
er
ag
e
B
G
1
B
G
2
B
G
3
B
G
4
B
G
5
B
G
6
B
G
7
B
G
7
B
G
8
B
G
9
B
G
1
0
P1
●
●
●
●
●
●
P2
●
●
●
●
P3
●
●
●
●
●
●
●
P4
●
●
●
●
P5
●
●
●
●
●
●
●
A
cc
o
r
d
in
g
to
th
e
p
r
io
r
it
y
o
b
j
e
ctiv
es p
r
ese
n
ted
in
s
ec
tio
n
3
,
th
e
r
esu
l
ts
o
f
ea
c
h
o
b
j
ec
tiv
e
ar
e
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
T
ab
le
2.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8708
I
n
t J
E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
,
Vo
l.
8
,
No
.
2
,
A
p
r
il 2
0
1
8
:
1
1
0
2
–
1111
1108
T
ab
le
2
.
Dec
is
io
n
Ma
tr
ix
No
r
m
a
lize
th
e
co
m
p
u
tatio
n
o
f
ea
ch
o
b
j
ec
tiv
e,
th
e
r
esu
lt i
s
s
h
o
w
n
in
T
ab
l
e
3
.
T
ab
le
3
.
No
r
m
al
ized
Dec
is
io
n
Ma
tr
ix
C
alcu
late
th
e
p
r
io
r
itizatio
n
v
al
u
e
o
f
ea
ch
p
r
o
j
e
ct
w
it
h
th
e
s
ix
o
b
j
ec
tiv
es,
Fi
g
u
r
e
2
s
h
o
w
s
th
e
r
esu
lts
:
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
C
o
m
p
ar
is
o
n
o
f
r
es
u
l
ts
As
it
i
s
s
h
o
w
n
in
Fi
g
u
r
e
2
,
I
T
p
r
o
j
ec
t
P
4
ca
n
ac
h
iev
e
h
ig
h
b
en
ef
it
w
it
h
m
in
i
m
a
l
p
a
y
b
ac
k
p
er
io
d
,
b
u
t
it
co
v
er
less
b
u
s
in
e
s
s
g
o
als
t
h
an
t
h
e
o
th
er
I
T
p
r
o
j
ec
ts
.
T
h
u
s
,
h
i
g
h
b
en
ef
it
co
s
t
r
atio
d
o
esn
’
t
g
u
ar
an
tee
h
i
g
h
b
u
s
in
e
s
s
g
o
als
co
v
er
ag
e.
T
h
e
o
p
ti
m
al
ef
f
icien
c
y
ca
n
n
o
t
b
e
o
b
tain
ed
b
y
o
n
l
y
o
n
e
o
b
j
ec
tiv
e,
th
at
’
s
ca
lls
f
o
r
in
te
g
r
ati
n
g
m
u
ltip
le
o
b
j
ec
tiv
es in
o
r
d
er
to
m
ee
t I
T
p
r
o
j
ec
t p
o
r
tf
o
lio
s
tr
at
eg
ic
g
o
al
s
b
etter
.
C
alcu
late
th
e
s
in
g
le
o
b
j
ec
tiv
e
f
’
b
ased
o
n
th
e
w
ei
g
h
ted
s
u
m
:
f
’
(
p
1
)
=1
/6
*
0
.
3
+
1
/6
*
0
.
0
8
3
+
1
/6
*
0
.
2
1
4
+
1
/6
*
0
.
1
6
6
+
1
/6
*
0
.
1
6
6
+
1
/6
*
0
.
2
5
5
=
0
.
2
2
4
f
’
(
p
2
)
=
1
/6
*
0
.
2
5
+
1
/6
*
0
.
1
6
6
+
1
/6
*
1
4
2
+
1
/6
*
0
.
2
2
2
+
1
/6
*
0
.
1
6
2
+
1
/6
*
0
.
2
0
9
=
0
.
1
9
2
f
’
(
p
3
)
=
1
/6
*
0
.
2
+
1
/6
*
0
.
2
5
+
1
/6
*
0
.
2
5
+
1
/6
*
0
.
1
6
6
+
1
/6
*
0
.
3
2
4
+
1
/6
*
0
.
2
7
9
=0
.
2
4
5
f
’
(
p
4
)
=
1
/6
*
0
.
0
5
+
1
/6
*
0
.
3
3
3
+
1
/6
*
0
.
1
4
2
+
1
/6
*
0
.
3
3
3
+
1
/6
*
0
.
1
0
8
+
1
/6
*
0
.
0
9
3
=
0
.
1
7
6
f
’
(
p
5
)
=
1
/6
*
0
.
2
+
1
/6
*
0
.
1
6
6
+
1
/6
*
0
.
2
5
+
1
/6
*
0
.
1
1
1
+
1
/
6
*
0
.
0
8
1
+
1
/6
*
0
.
1
6
2
=
0
.
1
6
1
W
e
s
o
r
t th
e
p
r
o
j
ec
t b
y
f
’
,
th
e
o
b
tain
ed
o
r
d
er
is
P
’
=
{p
3
,
p
1
,
p
2
,
p
3
,
p
4
,
p
5
}
.
5
.
2
.
E
v
a
lua
t
io
n o
f
t
he
P
ro
po
s
ed
Alg
o
rit
h
m
Du
e
to
t
h
eir
li
m
ited
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
,
SME
s
ca
n
n
o
t
p
r
o
ce
ed
m
u
l
tip
le
p
r
o
j
ec
ts
s
i
m
u
lta
n
eo
u
s
l
y
.
T
h
u
s
,
t
h
e
w
a
y
I
T
p
r
o
j
ec
ts
ar
e
r
an
k
ed
i
n
p
r
o
j
ec
t
p
o
r
tf
o
lio
r
em
ai
n
s
c
r
itical
an
d
i
m
p
ac
t
th
e
s
u
cc
es
s
o
f
SME
s
tr
ateg
y
d
ep
lo
y
m
en
t.
I
n
th
i
s
p
ap
er
,
w
e
ar
e
i
n
ter
ested
in
th
e
f
o
llo
w
i
n
g
r
esear
c
h
q
u
e
s
tio
n
s
:
a.
[
Q1
]
: c
an
m
u
lti
-
o
b
j
ec
tiv
e
I
T
p
r
o
j
ec
t
p
r
io
r
itizatio
n
im
p
r
o
v
e
t
h
e
SME
s
tr
ate
g
y
d
ep
lo
y
m
e
n
t?
AS
B
C
R
N
I
B
PB
R
C
P1
0
.
3
5
6
1
/
2
1
/
1
0
0
11
P2
0
.
2
5
10
4
1
/
1
.
5
1
/
2
0
0
9
P3
0
.
2
15
7
1
/
2
1
/
1
0
0
12
P4
0
.
0
5
20
4
1
/
1
1
/
3
0
0
4
P5
0
.
2
10
7
1
/
3
1
/
4
0
0
7
AS
B
C
R
N
I
B
PB
R
C
P1
0
.
3
0
.
0
8
3
0
.
2
1
4
0
.
1
6
6
0
.
3
2
4
0
.
2
5
5
P2
0
.
2
5
0
.
1
6
6
0
.
1
4
2
0
.
2
2
2
0
.
1
6
2
0
.
2
0
9
P3
0
.
2
0
.
2
5
0
.
2
5
0
.
1
6
6
0
.
3
2
4
0
.
2
7
9
P4
0
.
0
5
0
.
3
3
3
0
.
1
4
2
0
.
3
3
3
0
.
1
0
8
0
.
0
9
3
P5
0
.
2
0
.
1
6
6
0
.
2
5
0
.
1
1
1
0
.
0
8
1
0
.
1
6
2
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J
E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
I
SS
N:
2
0
88
-
8708
Mu
lti
-
o
b
jective
I
T P
r
o
ject
S
elec
tio
n
Mo
d
el
fo
r
I
mp
r
o
vin
g
S
ME
S
tr
a
teg
y
Dep
lo
yme
n
t
(
A
b
ir
E
l Ya
ma
mi
)
1109
b.
[
Q2
]
:
h
o
w
d
o
v
ar
io
u
s
I
T
p
r
o
ject
p
r
io
r
itizatio
n
o
b
j
ec
tiv
es
p
r
esen
ted
in
s
ec
tio
n
3
co
m
p
ar
e
to
o
n
e
an
o
th
er
i
n
ter
m
s
o
f
ef
f
ec
t
s
o
n
r
ate
o
f
b
u
s
i
n
ess
g
o
als r
ea
lized
?
T
h
e
class
ical
m
etr
ics
u
s
ed
f
o
r
ca
lcu
lati
n
g
p
r
o
j
ec
t
p
r
io
r
ity
ar
e
b
ased
o
n
f
in
a
n
cial
ter
m
s
(
b
e
n
ef
it
co
s
t
r
atio
,
p
ay
b
ac
k
p
er
io
d
…)
o
r
b
ased
o
n
th
e
i
s
o
lated
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
o
f
p
r
o
j
ec
ts
.
T
h
ese
m
e
tr
ics
ca
n
n
o
t
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
th
e
d
ep
lo
y
m
en
t
o
f
t
h
e
co
r
p
o
r
ate
s
tr
ateg
y
.
T
o
o
v
er
co
m
e
t
h
is
p
r
o
b
lem
,
I
T
p
r
o
j
ec
t
alig
n
m
e
n
t
h
as
e
m
er
g
ed
as
a
cr
itical
o
b
j
ec
tiv
e.
T
h
e
m
ec
h
an
is
m
s
to
en
s
u
r
e
t
h
e
v
alid
it
y
o
f
I
T
p
r
o
j
ec
t
alig
n
m
en
t
ar
e
r
ar
ely
i
m
p
le
m
en
ted
in
p
r
ac
tice.
T
h
u
s
,
w
e
h
a
v
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
a
n
ew
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
f
o
r
q
u
an
tify
i
n
g
I
T
/B
u
s
i
n
es
s
p
r
o
j
ec
t
alig
n
m
e
n
t
(
A
li
g
n
m
en
t
s
co
r
e)
.
I
t
m
a
y
h
ap
p
en
t
h
at
s
o
m
e
b
u
s
in
e
s
s
g
o
al
s
ar
e
n
o
t
co
v
er
ed
b
y
an
y
s
elec
ted
I
T
p
r
o
j
ec
t.
Fo
r
b
ala
n
cin
g
t
h
e
p
o
r
tf
o
lio
,
w
e
h
a
v
e
ad
d
ed
a
n
e
w
m
e
tr
ic
f
o
r
ca
lc
u
lati
n
g
b
u
s
i
n
es
s
g
o
al
s
co
v
er
a
g
e.
Fi
n
all
y
,
w
e
h
av
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
a
m
u
lti
-
o
b
j
ec
tiv
e
alg
o
r
it
h
m
f
o
r
s
u
p
p
o
r
tin
g
t
h
e
au
to
m
atic
s
elec
t
io
n
o
f
I
T
p
r
o
j
ec
ts
.
I
n
o
r
d
e
r
to
m
ea
s
u
r
e
th
e
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
n
e
s
s
o
f
o
u
r
alg
o
r
it
h
m
,
w
e
m
ea
s
u
r
e
t
h
e
p
er
ce
n
ta
g
e
o
f
I
T
p
r
o
j
ec
t
r
ea
lized
ag
ain
s
t
p
er
ce
n
ta
g
e
o
f
b
u
s
i
n
ess
g
o
als ac
h
ie
v
ed
.
T
o
ad
d
r
ess
o
u
r
r
esear
ch
q
u
est
io
n
s
,
a
m
etr
ic
is
r
eq
u
ir
ed
to
ass
es
s
an
d
co
m
p
ar
e
th
e
ef
f
ec
ti
v
en
e
s
s
o
f
v
ar
io
u
s
p
r
o
j
ec
t p
r
io
r
itizatio
n
tech
n
iq
u
es.
T
h
is
m
etr
ic
p
la
y
s
t
h
e
r
o
le
o
f
th
e
f
u
n
ctio
n
f
p
r
ese
n
ted
in
d
ef
in
i
tio
n
1
.
As
a
m
ea
s
u
r
e
o
f
h
o
w
r
ap
id
l
y
a
p
r
io
r
itized
I
T
p
r
o
j
ec
t
s
u
ite
a
ch
iev
e
s
t
h
e
co
r
p
o
r
ate
b
u
s
in
e
s
s
g
o
als,
w
e
u
s
e
a
w
ei
g
h
ted
av
er
a
g
e
o
f
t
h
e
p
er
ce
n
tag
e
o
f
b
u
s
i
n
es
s
g
o
als
ac
h
iev
ed
(
A
P
B
G)
.
T
h
is
m
etr
i
c
v
al
u
es
r
an
g
e
f
r
o
m
0
to
1
0
0
.
Hig
h
er
A
P
B
G
n
u
m
b
er
s
m
ea
n
f
aster
b
u
s
i
n
ess
g
o
als
ac
h
iev
ed
.
Fi
g
u
r
e
3
p
r
e
s
en
t
s
th
e
r
e
s
u
l
ts
o
f
ca
lcu
latio
n
o
f
A
P
B
G
w
h
e
n
p
er
f
o
r
m
i
n
g
a
p
r
o
j
ec
t
p
o
r
tf
o
lio
b
ased
o
n
s
i
n
g
le
o
b
j
ec
tiv
es
a
n
d
w
h
e
n
u
s
i
n
g
th
e
m
u
lti
-
o
b
j
ec
tiv
e
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
.
Fig
u
r
e
3
.
C
o
m
p
ar
is
o
n
o
f
r
es
u
l
ts
As
it
i
s
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
Fi
g
u
r
e
3
,
th
e
m
u
l
ti
o
b
j
ec
tiv
e
p
r
io
r
itizatio
n
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
alg
o
r
ith
m
is
b
ett
er
th
an
th
e
o
th
er
s
i
n
ter
m
s
o
f
h
o
w
r
ap
id
ly
t
h
e
b
u
s
i
n
es
s
g
o
als
ar
e
ac
h
ie
v
ed
o
v
er
t
h
e
li
f
e
o
f
a
p
r
o
j
ec
t
p
o
r
tf
o
lio
.
T
h
e
ar
ea
u
n
d
er
t
h
e
c
u
r
v
e
r
ep
r
ese
n
ts
th
e
w
e
ig
h
ted
a
v
er
ag
e
o
f
t
h
e
p
er
ce
n
tag
e
o
f
b
u
s
i
n
es
s
g
o
als
ac
h
ie
v
ed
o
v
er
t
h
e
li
f
e
o
f
a
p
r
o
j
ec
t
p
o
r
tf
o
lio
.
T
h
e
r
esu
lt
s
i
n
d
icate
t
h
at
t
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
a
lg
o
r
ith
m
lead
to
i
m
p
r
o
v
ed
r
at
e
o
f
b
u
s
i
n
es
s
g
o
als
ac
h
iev
e
m
e
n
t
i
n
co
m
p
ar
is
o
n
to
s
in
g
le
o
b
j
ec
tiv
e
I
T
p
r
o
j
ec
t
p
r
i
o
r
itizatio
n
.
5
.
3
.
Dis
cu
s
s
io
n o
f
Resul
t
s
W
ith
t
h
e
ai
m
o
f
i
n
cr
ea
s
i
n
g
th
e
ac
cu
r
ac
y
o
f
p
r
o
j
ec
t
p
r
io
r
itiz
atio
n
a
n
d
m
a
x
i
m
izi
n
g
t
h
e
p
r
o
b
ab
ilit
y
o
f
th
e
p
r
o
j
ec
t
p
o
r
tf
o
lio
s
u
cc
es
s
i
n
s
m
al
l
s
ca
le
en
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
t,
t
h
i
s
p
ap
er
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
a
m
u
lti
-
o
b
j
ec
tiv
e
al
g
o
r
it
h
m
f
o
r
s
u
p
p
o
r
tin
g
SME
s
tr
at
e
g
y
d
e
p
lo
y
m
e
n
t
tr
o
u
g
h
p
r
o
j
ec
t
p
o
r
tf
o
l
io
s
.
I
n
f
ac
t,
th
e
SME
e
n
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
t
is
to
tall
y
d
if
f
er
e
n
t f
r
o
m
th
a
t o
f
lar
g
e
co
m
p
a
n
ie
s
,
s
o
th
e
co
n
ce
p
t o
f
p
o
r
tf
o
lio
m
a
n
a
g
e
m
e
n
t
n
ee
d
to
b
e
r
e
-
co
n
s
id
er
ed
.
T
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
m
etr
ic
s
p
r
esen
t
ed
in
th
e
liter
at
u
r
e
f
o
r
ca
lcu
la
tin
g
p
r
o
j
ec
t
p
r
i
o
r
ity
h
a
v
e
b
ee
n
cr
iticized
f
o
r
n
o
t
s
u
p
p
o
r
tin
g
t
h
e
d
ep
lo
y
m
en
t
o
f
t
h
e
co
r
p
o
r
ate
s
tr
ateg
y
;
th
er
e
is
a
lack
o
f
m
e
tr
ics
t
h
a
t
tak
e
i
n
to
ac
co
u
n
t
th
e
i
n
ter
d
ep
en
d
en
cie
s
b
et
w
ee
n
p
r
o
j
ec
ts
th
at
t
h
e
p
o
r
tf
o
lio
is
co
m
p
o
s
ed
o
f
.
P
r
o
j
ec
t
p
r
i
o
r
ity
is
ca
lcu
lated
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
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1110
s
ep
ar
atel
y
w
it
h
o
u
t
ta
k
i
n
g
in
to
co
n
s
id
er
atio
n
t
h
e
in
ter
ac
ti
o
n
b
et
w
ee
n
p
r
o
j
ec
ts
.
Fu
r
th
er
,
th
e
r
e
is
n
o
m
ec
h
a
n
is
m
f
o
r
en
s
u
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g
t
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at
th
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elec
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I
T
p
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j
ec
t p
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tf
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v
er
s
all
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e
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u
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n
e
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s
g
o
al
s
th
a
t it
h
a
s
b
ee
n
d
esig
n
ed
f
o
r
.
T
o
f
ill
th
i
s
g
ap
,
w
e
h
a
v
e
i
n
tr
o
d
u
ce
d
t
h
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co
n
ce
p
t
o
f
m
u
lti
-
o
b
j
ec
tiv
e
o
p
ti
m
iza
tio
n
to
th
e
p
r
o
b
lem
o
f
p
r
o
j
ec
t
p
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r
tf
o
lio
b
alan
ce
,
b
y
p
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v
id
in
g
a
m
u
lti
-
o
b
j
ec
tiv
e
alg
o
r
ith
m
f
o
r
th
e
au
to
m
atic
s
e
lec
tio
n
o
f
I
T
p
r
o
j
ec
ts
.
As
m
atter
o
f
f
ac
t,
s
e
v
er
al
ele
m
en
ts
w
h
ic
h
h
av
e
a
r
e
m
ar
k
ab
le
i
m
p
ac
t
o
n
a
f
f
ec
tin
g
t
h
e
p
r
o
ject
p
o
r
tf
o
lio
s
u
cc
e
s
s
h
as b
ee
n
ta
k
e
n
in
to
a
cc
o
u
n
t to
en
s
u
r
es th
e
r
ap
id
l
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ac
h
ie
v
e
m
en
t o
f
m
ax
i
m
a
l b
u
s
i
n
es
s
g
o
al
s
.
a.
A
li
g
n
m
en
t
Sco
r
e:
w
e
h
a
v
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
th
is
m
etr
ic
to
id
en
tify
t
h
e
s
tr
ateg
ic
in
ter
d
ep
en
d
en
cies
b
et
w
ee
n
I
T
p
r
o
j
ec
ts
an
d
ca
lcu
late
th
e
al
ig
n
m
en
t
s
co
r
e
o
f
ea
c
h
p
r
o
j
ec
t
w
ith
th
e
s
tr
ate
g
ic
o
b
jectiv
e
d
esire
d
b
y
th
e
i
m
p
le
m
e
n
tatio
n
o
f
a
p
r
o
j
ec
t p
o
r
tf
o
lio
.
b.
B
en
ef
it
C
o
s
t
R
atio
,
I
n
ta
n
g
ib
le
b
en
ef
i
ts
,
P
a
y
b
ac
k
p
er
io
d
an
d
P
r
o
j
ec
t
R
is
k
:
t
h
e
s
e
m
e
tr
ics
h
a
s
b
ee
n
s
elec
ted
f
r
o
m
late
s
t r
esear
ch
e
s
to
ca
lcu
late
th
e
p
r
o
j
ec
t r
is
k
/v
alu
e.
c.
B
u
s
i
n
ess
g
o
als
co
v
er
ag
e
:
w
e
h
av
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
th
is
m
etr
ic
to
c
alcu
late
t
h
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
b
u
s
in
e
s
s
g
o
al
co
v
er
ed
b
y
ea
ch
p
r
o
j
ec
t.
T
h
e
ai
m
is
to
b
alan
ce
t
h
e
p
r
o
j
ec
t
p
o
r
tf
o
lio
b
y
s
e
lectin
g
t
h
e
p
r
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j
e
ct
w
it
h
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e
g
r
ea
test
co
v
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g
e
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n
d
th
e
n
s
u
cc
e
s
s
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el
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ad
d
th
o
s
e
p
r
o
j
ec
ts
th
a
t
co
v
er
t
h
e
m
o
s
t
y
et
u
n
c
o
v
er
ed
b
u
s
i
n
ess
g
o
als.
I
n
o
r
d
er
to
m
ea
s
u
r
e
th
e
ef
f
ec
t
iv
en
e
s
s
o
f
o
u
r
alg
o
r
it
h
m
,
w
e
h
av
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
a
m
ea
s
u
r
e
th
at
ca
lcu
lates
th
e
p
er
ce
n
ta
g
e
o
f
I
T
p
r
o
j
ec
t
r
ea
lized
ag
ai
n
s
t
p
er
ce
n
tag
e
o
f
b
u
s
in
e
s
s
g
o
als
ac
h
ie
v
ed
(
A
P
B
G)
.
W
e
h
av
e
ass
es
s
ed
an
d
co
m
p
ar
e
th
e
e
f
f
ec
tiv
e
n
e
s
s
o
f
o
u
r
al
g
o
r
it
h
m
a
g
ai
n
s
t
v
ar
io
u
s
e
x
is
t
in
g
p
r
o
j
ec
t
p
r
io
r
itizatio
n
tech
n
iq
u
es.
I
t
i
s
f
o
u
n
d
t
h
at
o
u
r
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
alg
o
r
ith
m
ca
n
i
m
p
r
o
v
e
th
e
r
ate
o
f
b
u
s
i
n
ess
g
o
al
s
ac
h
ie
v
ed
o
v
er
th
e
lif
e
o
f
a
p
r
o
j
ec
t p
o
r
tf
o
lio
co
m
p
ar
ed
to
s
in
g
le
o
b
j
ec
tiv
es p
r
esen
ted
in
t
h
e
liter
at
u
r
e.
6.
CO
NCLU
SI
O
N
T
h
is
p
ap
er
in
tr
o
d
u
ce
d
th
e
co
n
ce
p
t o
f
m
u
lti
-
o
b
j
ec
tiv
e
o
p
ti
m
i
za
tio
n
to
t
h
e
p
r
o
b
lem
o
f
p
r
o
j
e
ct
p
o
r
tf
o
lio
b
alan
ce
.
I
t
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
a
n
e
w
p
r
io
r
itizatio
n
tec
h
n
iq
u
e
f
o
r
i
m
p
r
o
v
in
g
t
h
e
r
ate
o
f
b
u
s
i
n
es
s
g
o
als
ac
h
iev
ed
b
a
s
ed
o
n
s
i
x
o
b
j
ec
tiv
es:
Alig
n
m
e
n
t
Sco
r
e,
B
en
ef
it
C
o
s
t
R
atio
,
I
n
tan
g
ib
le
b
en
e
f
its
,
P
a
y
b
ac
k
p
e
r
io
d
,
Pro
j
ec
t
R
is
k
,
an
d
B
u
s
i
n
es
s
g
o
als co
v
er
a
g
e.
Fo
r
co
m
p
ar
i
n
g
t
h
e
e
f
f
ec
ti
v
en
ess
o
f
v
ar
io
u
s
p
r
o
j
ec
t
p
r
i
o
r
itizatio
n
tech
n
iq
u
es,
w
e
h
av
e
d
ev
elo
p
ed
a
m
etr
ic
th
at
ca
lc
u
late
t
h
e
av
er
a
g
e
o
f
th
e
p
er
ce
n
ta
g
e
o
f
b
u
s
i
n
e
s
s
g
o
als
ac
h
ie
v
ed
(
A
P
B
G)
,
it
s
h
o
w
s
h
o
w
r
ap
id
l
y
a
p
r
io
r
itized
I
T
p
r
o
j
e
ct
s
u
ite
a
ch
iev
e
s
t
h
e
co
r
p
o
r
ate
b
u
s
in
ess
g
o
als.
T
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
I
T
p
r
o
j
ec
t
p
r
io
r
it
y
ca
lc
u
lat
io
n
tec
h
n
iq
u
e
is
v
a
lid
ated
b
y
an
a
l
y
s
i
n
g
a
p
o
r
tf
o
li
o
o
f
5
I
T
p
r
o
j
ec
ts
,
w
e
h
a
v
e
s
i
m
u
lated
s
ev
er
al
tec
h
n
iq
u
es
f
o
r
p
r
io
r
itizin
g
I
T
p
r
o
j
ec
ts
an
d
ex
am
i
n
ed
th
eir
r
elati
v
e
ab
ilit
ies to
i
m
p
r
o
v
e
h
o
w
q
u
ick
l
y
b
u
s
in
e
s
s
g
o
als ca
n
b
e
ac
h
ie
v
ed
o
v
er
th
e
li
f
e
o
f
a
p
r
o
j
ec
t p
o
r
tf
o
lio
.
R
es
u
lts
o
b
tain
ed
r
ev
ea
l
th
a
t
t
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
alg
o
r
ith
m
lead
to
i
m
p
r
o
v
ed
r
ate
o
f
b
u
s
i
n
es
s
g
o
als
an
d
t
h
at
s
in
g
le
o
b
j
ec
tiv
e
b
ased
p
r
io
r
ity
is
n
o
t a
l
w
a
y
s
e
f
f
ic
ien
t a
n
d
ca
n
n
o
t s
u
p
p
o
r
t th
e
co
r
p
o
r
ate
s
tr
a
teg
y
d
ep
lo
y
m
e
n
t.
RE
F
E
R
E
NC
E
S
[1
]
E.
D.
B.
R
.
&
.
C.
R.
M
o
ra
e
s,
"
P
r
o
jec
t
P
o
rtf
o
li
o
M
a
n
a
g
e
m
e
n
t
u
sin
g
A
HP
,
"
2
0
0
1
.
[2
]
C.
V
e
n
n
in
g
,
M
a
n
a
g
in
g
p
o
rtf
o
li
o
s
o
f
c
h
a
n
g
e
w
it
h
M
S
P
f
o
r
p
ro
g
ra
m
m
e
s
a
n
d
P
RINCE
2
f
o
r
p
ro
jec
ts,
L
o
n
d
o
n
:
T
h
e
S
tatio
n
a
ry
Off
ic
e
,
2
0
0
7
.
[3
]
P
.
M
.
In
stit
u
te.,
T
h
e
sta
n
d
a
rd
f
o
r
p
o
rtf
o
li
o
m
a
n
a
g
e
m
e
n
t
(2
n
d
e
d
.
),
Ne
w
to
w
n
S
q
u
a
re
,
2
0
0
8
b
.
[4
]
A
’a
n
g
S
u
b
iy
a
k
to
,
A
b
d
.
Ra
h
m
a
n
A
h
lan
,
"
Im
p
le
m
e
n
tatio
n
o
f
In
p
u
t
-
P
r
o
c
e
ss
-
Ou
tp
u
t
M
o
d
e
l
f
o
r
M
e
a
su
rin
g
In
f
o
rm
a
ti
o
n
S
y
ste
m
P
ro
jec
t
S
u
c
c
e
ss
,
"
T
EL
KOM
NIKA
(
T
e
le
c
o
mm
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
Co
m
p
u
t
in
g
El
e
c
tro
n
ics
a
n
d
C
o
n
tr
o
l)
,
v
o
l.
1
2
,
n
o
.
7
,
p
p
.
5
6
0
3
-
5
6
1
2
,
2
0
1
4
.
[5
]
L
.
F
.
&
.
S
.
A
.
A
larc
o
n
,
"
Per
fo
rm
a
n
c
e
me
a
su
rin
g
,
b
e
n
c
h
ma
rk
in
g
a
n
d
mo
d
e
li
n
g
o
f
p
r
o
jec
t
p
e
rfo
rm
a
n
c
e
,"
i
n
P
r
o
c
e
e
d
in
g
s o
f
th
e
5
th
I
n
tern
a
ti
o
n
a
l
Co
n
f
e
re
n
c
e
o
f
th
e
In
tern
a
ti
o
n
a
l
G
ro
u
p
f
o
r
L
e
a
n
Co
n
stru
c
ti
o
n
.
,
1
9
9
6
.
[6
]
S
.
A
.
J.
A
.
R.
K.
S
.
P
il
lai,
"
P
e
rf
o
rm
a
n
c
e
m
e
a
su
re
m
e
n
t
o
f
R&
D
p
ro
jec
ts
in
a
m
u
lt
i
-
p
ro
jec
t,
c
o
n
c
u
rr
e
n
t
e
n
g
in
e
e
rin
g
e
n
v
iro
n
m
e
n
t,
"
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
r
n
a
l
o
f
Pr
o
jec
t
M
a
n
a
g
e
me
n
t
,
p
.
1
6
5
–
1
7
7
,
2
0
0
2
.
[7
]
T.
-
J.
S
.
Ha
p
o
n
a
v
a
,
"
Id
e
n
ti
fy
in
g
k
e
y
p
e
rf
o
r
m
a
n
c
e
in
d
ica
to
rs
f
o
r
u
se
in
c
o
n
tr
o
l
o
f
p
re
-
p
ro
jec
t
sta
g
e
p
ro
c
e
ss
in
c
o
n
stru
c
ti
o
n
,
"
I
n
ter
n
a
t
io
n
a
l
J
o
u
r
n
a
l
o
f
Pr
o
d
u
c
ti
v
it
y
a
n
d
Per
fo
rm
a
n
c
e
M
a
n
a
g
e
me
n
t
,
p
p
.
5
8
,
1
6
0
–
1
7
3
,
2
0
0
9
.
[8
]
T
.
G
.
Lec
h
ler
a
n
d
D.
Dv
ir,
"
A
n
a
lt
e
rn
a
ti
v
e
ta
x
o
n
o
m
y
o
f
p
ro
jec
t
m
a
n
a
g
e
m
e
n
t
stru
c
tu
re
s:
L
in
k
in
g
p
ro
jec
t
m
a
n
a
g
e
m
e
n
t
stru
c
tu
re
s an
d
p
r
o
je
c
t
su
c
c
e
ss
,
"
IEE
E
T
ra
n
sa
c
ti
o
n
s
o
n
En
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
M
a
n
a
g
e
m
e
n
t
,
p
p
.
1
9
8
-
2
1
0
,
2
0
1
0
.
[9
]
A
b
ir
EL
Y
A
M
A
M
I
e
t
a
l.
,
"
R
e
p
re
se
n
ti
n
g
IT
P
ro
jec
ts
Risk
M
a
n
a
g
e
m
e
n
t
Be
st
P
ra
c
ti
c
e
s
a
s
a
M
e
ta
m
o
d
e
l,
"
En
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
,
T
e
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
&
Ap
p
li
e
d
S
c
ien
c
e
Res
e
a
rc
h
,
v
o
l
.
7
,
n
o
.
5
,
p
p
.
2
0
6
2
-
2
0
6
7
,
2
0
1
7
.
[1
0
]
R.
G
.
Co
o
p
e
r
,
S
.
J.
Ed
g
e
tt
a
n
d
E.
J.
Kle
in
sc
h
m
id
t
,
P
o
r
tf
o
li
o
m
a
n
a
g
e
n
t
f
o
r
n
e
w
p
ro
d
u
c
ts.
,
NY
:
P
e
rse
u
s Bo
o
k
s,
1
9
9
8
.
[1
1
]
H.
M
a
rk
o
w
it
z
,
"
P
o
rtf
o
li
o
S
e
lec
ti
o
n
,
"
T
h
e
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
Fi
n
a
n
c
e
,
1
9
5
2
.
[1
2
]
El
Ya
m
a
m
i,
A
.
e
t
a
l.
,
“
T
o
w
a
rd
a
n
e
w
mo
d
e
l
fo
r
t
h
e
g
o
v
e
rn
a
n
c
e
o
f
o
rg
a
n
iza
t
io
n
a
l
tra
n
sfo
rm
a
ti
o
n
p
r
o
jec
t
s
b
a
se
d
o
n
mu
lt
i
-
a
g
e
n
ts
sy
ste
ms
,
”
In
In
telli
g
e
n
t
S
y
ste
m
s:
T
h
e
o
ries
a
n
d
A
p
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
s
(S
IT
A
),
2
0
1
6
1
1
t
h
In
tern
a
ti
o
n
a
l
Co
n
f
e
re
n
c
e
o
n
(p
p
.
1
-
6
)
.
IEE
E
,
2
0
1
6
.
[1
3
]
Y.
R.
Ch
a
n
,
"
IT
a
li
g
n
m
e
n
t;
w
h
a
t
h
a
v
e
w
e
lea
rn
e
d
?
,
"
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
i
n
f
o
rm
a
ti
o
n
tec
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
,
p
p
.
2
9
7
-
3
1
5
,
2
0
0
7
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
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ICT
)
,
v
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l.
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o
.
2
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p
p
.
7
9
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,
2
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1
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[1
5
]
F
.
R.
L
.
R.
Be
rg
e
ro
n
,
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F
it
in
stra
teg
ic
in
f
o
r
m
a
ti
o
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tec
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n
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y
m
a
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m
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se
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rc
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;
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n
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m
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p
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e
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ti
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s,"
O
m
e
g
a
,
2
0
0
1
.
[1
6
]
R.
S
.
S
.
C.
-
M
.
H.
M
.
M
.
J.
W
.
-
J.
Ch
e
n
,
"
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li
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w
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m
ic
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a
p
a
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p
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lo
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l
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ter
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[1
7
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A
.
B.
M
.
&
.
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F
.
En
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.
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.
(2
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[1
8
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.
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m
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t,
2
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4
.
[1
9
]
G
.
R.
K.
&
.
S
.
C.
S
.
P
re
m
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r,
"
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iza
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s:
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tex
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tero
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iza
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re
latio
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ip
s,"
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o
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fo
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S
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ms
,
2
0
0
5
.
[2
0
]
V
.
K.
J.
A
.
K.
&
.
L
.
R.
E.
u
rk
u
lai
n
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n
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a
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in
th
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tex
t
o
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b
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se
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m
:
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h
e
c
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o
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ra
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in
terf
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,
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d
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strial
M
a
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k
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M
a
n
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g
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m
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t,
2
0
1
3
.
[2
1
]
M
.
A
.
L
a
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,
"
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stra
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ic i
m
p
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ti
f
y
b
e
n
e
f
it
s to
d
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riv
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b
u
sin
e
ss
re
su
lt
s,"
P
M
I
,
2
0
1
6
.
[2
2
]
O.
P
.
B.
S
.
A
.
P
a
ji
ć
,
"
Re
p
re
se
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ti
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IT
P
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rm
a
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M
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ter
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J
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c
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l
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2
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1
4
.
[2
3
]
IS
A
C
A
,
"
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b
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sin
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V
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IT
2
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0
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,
"
2
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1
0
.
[2
4
]
G
.
N.
A
.
a
.
A
.
A
.
Eco
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m
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s,
"
A
d
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c
isio
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a
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ly
sis
f
ra
m
e
w
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rk
fo
r
p
rio
ri
ti
z
in
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p
o
rtf
o
li
o
o
f
ICT
in
f
ra
stru
c
tu
re
,
"
2
0
0
8
.
[2
5
]
D.
Z.
M
il
o
se
v
ic,
P
ro
jec
t
M
a
n
a
g
e
m
e
n
t
T
o
o
lb
o
x
:
T
o
o
ls
a
n
d
T
e
c
h
n
iq
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e
s
f
o
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th
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P
ra
c
ti
c
in
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P
ro
jec
t
M
a
n
a
g
e
r,
Ne
w
Je
rse
y
:
Jo
h
n
W
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e
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&
S
o
n
s,
2
0
0
3
.
[2
6
]
S
.
T
.
W
.
a
.
J.
M
.
J.
D
.
L
in
t
o
n
,
"
An
a
ly
sis,
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n
k
in
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a
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d
se
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R&
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p
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,
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D
M
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m
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t,
v
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l.
v
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l.
3
2
,
2
0
0
2
.
[2
7
]
S
.
K.
G
.
a
.
T
.
M
a
n
d
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k
o
v
ic,
"
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te
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ra
ry
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p
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ro
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h
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s
to
R&
D
p
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lec
ti
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:
a
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tera
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se
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h
,
"
M
a
n
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me
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t
o
f
R&
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n
d
En
g
in
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rin
g
,
p
p
.
6
7
-
8
7
,
1
9
9
2
.
[2
8
]
F
.
G
.
a
.
N.
P
.
A
rc
h
e
r,
"
"
P
ro
jec
t
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rtf
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lec
ti
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n
t
h
ro
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g
h
,
"
De
c
isio
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S
u
p
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rt S
y
ste
ms
,
v
o
l.
2
9
,
p
p
.
5
8
-
7
3
,
2
0
0
0
.
[2
9
]
M
.
No
w
a
k
,
"
P
ro
jec
t
p
o
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tf
o
li
o
se
lec
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in
Pr
o
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d
ia
En
g
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rin
g
,
2
0
1
3
.
[3
0
]
A
.
Zap
a
ta,
"
A
re
Yo
u
r
IT
a
n
d
S
tra
teg
ic Bu
sin
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o
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ls
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li
g
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e
d
,
"
IS
A
C
A
.
OR
G
,
2
0
1
6
.
[3
1
]
T
.
Zo
ro
ro
,
"
Driv
in
g
En
terp
rise
IT
S
trate
g
y
A
li
g
n
m
e
n
t
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n
d
Cre
a
ti
n
g
V
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lu
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Us
in
g
th
e
COBIT
5
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a
ls
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sc
a
d
e
,
"
IS
A
C
A
,
3
0
1
1
2
0
1
5
.
[3
2
]
D.
N.
Ro
b
e
rt
Ka
p
lan
,
T
h
e
Ba
lan
c
e
d
S
c
o
re
c
a
rd
,
B
o
sto
n
:
M
A
:
Ha
rv
a
rd
Bu
si
n
e
ss
S
c
h
o
o
l
P
re
ss
,
1
9
9
6
.
[3
3
]
P
M
I,
"
P
M
BOK
®
G
u
id
e
a
n
d
S
ta
n
d
a
rd
s,"
[
O
n
li
n
e
].
A
v
a
il
a
b
le:
ww
w.p
m
i.
o
rg
/p
m
b
o
k
-
g
u
id
e
-
sta
n
d
a
rd
s.
[3
4
]
S
.
K.
P
a
n
d
e
y
,
K.
M
u
sta
f
a
,
"
A
C
o
m
p
a
ra
ti
v
e
S
tu
d
y
o
f
Risk
As
se
s
s
m
e
n
t
M
e
th
o
d
o
l
o
g
ies
f
o
r
In
f
o
r
m
a
ti
o
n
S
y
ste
m
s,"
Bu
ll
e
ti
n
o
f
El
e
c
trica
l
E
n
g
in
e
e
rin
g
a
n
d
I
n
fo
rm
a
t
ics
,
v
o
l.
1
,
n
o
.
2
,
p
p
.
1
1
1
-
1
2
2
,
2
0
1
2
.
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