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9
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u
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y
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all
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P
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.
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v
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h
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2
.
4
.
L
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2
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5
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f
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zz
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s
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.
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
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3.
CH
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T
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R
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A
T
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O
N
S
Def
i
n
itio
n
3
.
1
.
[
1
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A
co
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,
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w
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Def
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3
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2
.
[
1
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L
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Def
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3
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3
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[
1
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L
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f
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1
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P
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4
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6
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3
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ℑ
₂
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s
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ii.
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r
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RE
F
E
R
E
NC
E
S
[1
]
A
.
F
o
ra
a
n
d
S
.
A
l
G
h
o
u
r,
“
Ho
m
o
g
e
n
e
it
y
in
f
u
z
z
y
s
p
a
c
e
s,
”
Qu
e
st
io
n
s
a
n
d
An
swe
rs
in
Ge
n
e
ra
l
T
o
p
o
l
o
g
y
,
v
o
l
.
1
9
,
p
p
.
1
5
9
-
1
6
4
,
2
0
0
1
.
[2
]
J.
C.
Ke
ll
y
,
“
Bit
o
p
o
l
o
g
ica
l
sp
a
c
e
s,
”
Pro
c
e
e
d
in
g
s o
f
L
o
n
d
o
n
M
a
th
e
ma
ti
c
a
l
S
o
c
iety
,
v
o
l
.
1
3
,
p
p
.
7
1
-
8
9
,
1
9
6
3
.
[3
]
K.
Kh
a
sh
a
n
,
“
Ho
m
o
g
e
n
e
o
u
s
b
i
to
p
o
lo
g
ica
l
sp
a
c
e
s,
”
M
a
ste
r'
s
Th
e
sis,
De
p
a
rtm
e
n
t
o
f
M
a
th
e
m
a
ti
c
s,
Ya
r
m
o
u
k
Un
iv
e
rsit
y
,
Irb
id
,
Jo
rd
a
n
,
1
9
9
6
.
[4
]
A
.
Ka
n
d
il
,
“
Bip
r
o
x
im
it
ies
a
n
d
f
u
z
z
y
b
it
o
p
o
lo
g
ica
l
sp
a
c
e
s,
”
S
imo
n
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tev
in
,
v
o
l.
6
3
,
p
p
.
4
5
-
6
6
,
1
9
8
9
.
[5
]
S
.
A
l
G
h
o
u
r,
“
Ho
m
o
g
e
n
e
it
y
in
f
u
z
z
y
sp
a
c
e
s
a
n
d
th
e
ir
in
d
u
c
e
d
sp
a
c
e
s,
”
Qu
e
stio
n
s
a
n
d
An
swe
rs
in
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n
e
ra
l
T
o
p
o
lo
g
y
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v
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l.
2
1
,
p
p
.
1
8
5
-
1
9
5
,
2
0
0
3
.
[6
]
S.
A
l
G
h
o
u
r,
“
S
L
H f
u
z
z
y
sp
a
c
e
s,
”
Af
ric
a
n
Di
a
sp
o
ra
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
M
a
th
e
ma
t
ics
,
v
o
l.
2
,
p
p
.
6
1
-
6
7
,
2
0
0
4
.
[7
]
S
.
A
l
G
h
o
u
r
a
n
d
A
.
F
o
ra
,
“
M
in
ima
li
ty
a
n
d
h
o
m
o
g
e
n
e
it
y
in
f
u
z
z
y
s
p
a
c
e
s,
”
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
F
u
zz
y
M
a
th
e
ma
t
ics
,
v
o
l.
1
2
,
p
p
.
725
-
7
3
7
,
2
0
0
4
.
[8
]
S
.
A
l
G
h
o
u
r,
“
L
o
c
a
l
h
o
m
o
g
e
n
e
it
y
in
f
u
z
z
y
to
p
o
lo
g
ica
l
sp
a
c
e
s,
”
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
M
a
th
e
ma
t
ics
a
n
d
M
a
th
e
ma
ti
c
a
l
S
c
ien
c
e
s
,
v
o
l.
1
4
,
2
0
0
6
.
[9
]
S
.
A
l
G
h
o
u
r,
“
S
o
m
e
G
e
n
e
ra
li
z
a
ti
o
n
s
o
f
M
in
im
a
l
F
u
z
z
y
Op
e
n
S
e
ts
,
”
Acta
M
a
th
e
ma
ti
c
a
U
n
ive
rs
it
a
ti
sCo
me
n
ia
n
a
e
,
v
o
l.
7
5
,
p
p
.
1
0
7
-
1
1
7
,
2
0
0
6
.
[1
0
]
S
.
A
l
G
h
o
u
r
a
n
d
K.
A
l
-
Zo
u
b
i,
“
On
so
m
e
o
rd
in
a
ry
a
n
d
fu
z
z
y
h
o
m
o
g
e
n
e
it
y
t
y
p
e
s,
”
Act
a
M
a
th
e
ma
ti
c
a
Un
ive
rs
it
a
ti
sCo
me
n
i
a
n
a
e
,
v
o
l.
7
7
,
p
p
.
1
9
9
-
2
0
8
,
2
0
0
8
.
[1
1
]
S
.
A
l
G
h
o
u
r
a
n
d
A
.
F
o
ra
,
“
On
C
DH
f
u
z
z
y
sp
a
c
e
s,
”
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
I
n
t
e
ll
ig
e
n
t
&
Fu
zz
y
S
y
ste
ms
,
v
o
l
.
3
0
,
p
p
.
9
3
5
-
9
4
1
,
2
0
1
6
.
[1
2
]
S
.
A
l
G
h
o
u
r
a
n
d
A
.
A
z
a
ize
h
,
“
F
u
z
z
y
h
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m
o
g
e
n
e
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