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8
8
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8708
I
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9
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Feb
r
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2
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9
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385
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Gab
er
a
n
d
o
th
er
s
[
5
]
,
[
6
]
,
[
7
]
s
u
g
g
e
s
ted
a
co
n
ten
t
s
’
w
o
r
k
lo
ad
e
s
ti
m
atio
n
m
o
d
el
t
h
at
e
s
ti
m
ates
th
e
co
n
t
en
ts
’
s
tatu
s
ac
co
r
d
in
g
to
th
eir
ch
ar
ac
ter
is
tic
s
.
Of
th
e
s
e
ch
ar
ac
ter
is
tics
ar
e
h
u
g
e
s
ize
(
i.e
.
in
Me
g
a
B
y
te
s
o
r
Gi
g
a
B
y
te
s
)
,
in
ter
ac
ti
v
it
y
,
an
d
r
a
p
id
ly
c
h
a
n
g
in
g
e
f
f
ec
tiv
e
p
er
io
d
[
8
]
.
Su
ch
d
is
ti
n
ct
ch
ar
ac
ter
is
tic
s
m
a
k
e
t
h
e
d
esi
g
n
o
f
I
PT
V
d
eliv
er
y
n
et
w
o
r
k
s
ch
alle
n
g
ea
b
le.
On
th
e
o
t
h
er
h
an
d
,
ig
n
o
r
in
g
t
h
e
s
tatu
s
o
f
d
iv
er
s
e
co
n
ten
ts
lea
d
s
to
lo
ad
im
b
alan
ce
a
n
d
w
aste
o
f
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
[
9
]
.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
esti
m
ati
n
g
t
h
e
co
n
ten
t
’
s
s
tatu
s
ac
co
r
d
in
g
to
th
es
e
ch
ar
ac
ter
is
tic
s
is
a
cr
u
cial
f
ac
to
r
in
I
PT
V
s
y
s
te
m
s
.
C
o
n
ten
t
s
tatu
s
m
o
d
eli
n
g
r
ef
er
s
as
es
ti
m
ati
n
g
th
e
p
o
r
tio
n
o
f
co
n
cu
r
r
e
n
t
r
eq
u
ests
t
h
at
tar
g
et
t
h
e
co
n
te
n
t
ac
co
r
d
in
g
to
its
ch
ar
ac
ter
is
tic
s
.
Su
c
h
m
o
d
eli
n
g
h
elp
s
a
lo
t
i
n
h
a
n
d
lin
g
b
o
th
th
e
lo
ad
b
alan
cin
g
a
n
d
r
eso
u
r
ce
allo
ca
tio
n
b
ased
o
n
th
e
an
ticip
ated
lo
ad
o
f
co
n
ten
ts
[
5
]
.
B
y
m
ea
n
s
o
f
s
u
c
h
co
n
te
n
t
s
’
s
tatu
s
est
i
m
a
tio
n
m
o
d
el,
t
h
e
s
e
r
v
ice
p
r
o
v
id
er
ca
n
co
n
tr
o
l
t
h
e
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
allo
ca
tio
n
ac
co
r
d
in
g
to
th
e
c
o
n
ten
t
s
tatu
s
an
d
t
h
e
u
s
er
s
’
d
em
a
n
d
to
r
ed
u
ce
th
e
h
o
s
t
in
g
co
s
t
[
10
]
w
i
th
o
u
t
af
f
ec
tin
g
t
h
e
u
s
er
s
’
s
a
tis
f
ac
tio
n
.
T
h
is
in
te
g
r
atio
n
allo
w
s
t
h
e
s
er
v
ice
p
r
o
v
id
er
to
ad
j
u
s
t
th
e
r
eq
u
ir
ed
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
ac
co
r
d
in
g
to
th
e
n
ec
e
s
s
itated
r
ep
licatio
n
s
ch
e
m
e.
Fo
r
th
at,
L
ao
u
tar
i
s
et
al.
[
11
]
ar
g
u
e
th
at
r
ep
lica
p
lace
m
e
n
t
p
r
o
b
lem
an
d
r
eso
u
r
ce
allo
ca
t
io
n
p
r
o
b
lem
s
h
o
u
ld
b
e
s
o
lv
e
d
jo
in
tl
y
d
u
e
to
th
e
d
ep
en
d
e
n
c
y
b
et
w
ee
n
t
h
e
m
.
Mo
r
eo
v
er
,
co
n
s
id
er
in
g
th
e
co
n
ten
ts
’
s
tat
u
s
d
u
r
i
n
g
th
e
i
n
teg
r
atio
n
g
i
v
es
t
h
e
s
er
v
ice
p
r
o
v
id
e
r
s
th
e
p
o
s
s
ib
ilit
y
to
co
n
tr
o
l
th
e
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
a
n
d
co
n
ten
t
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
ac
co
r
d
in
g
to
th
e
d
e
m
a
n
d
f
l
u
ct
u
atio
n
,
a
s
w
ell
a
s
,
en
ab
les
th
e
d
eliv
er
y
n
et
w
o
r
k
to
ab
s
o
r
b
th
e
s
u
d
d
en
lo
ad
f
l
u
ctu
a
tio
n
.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
th
is
p
ap
er
co
n
ce
r
n
s
ab
o
u
t
h
o
w
to
b
u
i
ld
co
n
te
n
t
-
a
w
ar
e
r
eso
u
r
ce
allo
ca
tio
n
m
o
d
el
t
h
at
co
n
s
id
er
s
t
h
e
co
n
ten
t
s
tatu
s
to
r
ed
u
ce
t
h
e
w
a
s
te
o
f
r
es
o
u
r
ce
s
.
I
n
th
i
s
p
ap
er
,
C
o
n
te
n
t
-
Aw
ar
e
R
eso
u
r
ce
A
llo
ca
tio
n
Mo
d
el
(
C
AR
A
M)
is
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
.
C
AR
A
M
m
o
d
el
co
n
s
id
er
s
t
h
e
co
n
ten
t
s
’
s
ta
tu
s
in
cl
u
d
in
g
co
n
ten
t
s
’
lo
ad
an
d
co
n
te
n
t
s
’
p
o
p
u
lar
it
y
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
to
d
ec
id
e
th
e
r
e
q
u
ir
ed
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
.
C
AR
A
M
m
o
d
el
allo
ca
tes
t
h
e
re
s
o
u
r
ce
s
ac
co
r
d
in
g
to
th
e
r
ep
licatio
n
s
tr
ate
g
y
.
T
h
u
s
,
it c
a
n
s
av
e
th
e
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
i
n
ter
m
s
o
f
s
to
r
ag
e,
b
an
d
w
id
t
h
,
an
d
C
P
U.
Fo
r
th
is
p
u
r
p
o
s
e,
th
e
r
eso
u
r
ce
allo
ca
tio
n
p
r
o
b
lem
an
d
th
e
r
ep
lica
p
lace
m
e
n
t
p
r
o
b
le
m
ar
e
in
te
g
r
ated
to
allo
ca
te
th
e
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
d
ep
en
d
in
g
o
n
th
e
n
ec
ess
itated
r
ep
licatio
n
s
ch
e
m
e.
T
h
e
co
n
ten
t
-
a
w
ar
e
r
eso
u
r
ce
allo
ca
tio
n
p
r
o
b
lem
is
s
tu
d
ied
an
d
f
o
r
m
u
lated
m
at
h
e
m
a
ticall
y
as
a
co
n
s
tr
ai
n
ed
b
in
ar
y
o
p
ti
m
izatio
n
p
r
o
b
lem
.
Nex
t,
t
h
is
p
r
o
b
le
m
is
s
o
lv
ed
u
s
i
n
g
H
y
b
r
id
Gen
e
tic
A
l
g
o
r
ith
m
a
i
m
in
g
to
ev
al
u
ate
t
h
e
e
f
f
ec
t
o
f
co
n
te
n
t
s
tat
u
s
o
n
th
e
co
n
te
n
t
-
a
w
ar
e
r
eso
u
r
ce
allo
ca
tio
n
.
Fo
r
th
i
s
p
u
r
p
o
s
e,
t
w
o
p
o
p
u
lar
it
y
d
is
tr
ib
u
ti
o
n
s
ar
e
co
n
s
id
er
ed
th
r
o
u
g
h
t
h
is
p
ap
er
.
T
h
ese
p
o
p
u
lar
it
y
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
s
ar
e
Z
ip
f
’
s
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
an
d
t
h
e
ex
p
o
n
en
tial
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
s
,
w
h
ic
h
f
o
llo
w
t
h
e
n
o
r
m
a
l d
en
s
i
t
y
f
u
n
ctio
n
[
1
2
]
.
T
h
e
r
est
o
f
th
is
p
ap
er
is
o
r
g
an
ized
as
f
o
llo
w
s
.
Sec
tio
n
2
is
d
ed
icate
d
f
o
r
b
ac
k
g
r
o
u
n
d
an
d
r
elate
d
w
o
r
k
s
.
Sectio
n
3
p
r
esen
t
s
th
e
s
y
s
te
m
m
o
d
el
a
n
d
p
r
o
b
lem
f
o
r
m
u
latio
n
.
Sectio
n
4
in
tr
o
d
u
ce
s
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
h
y
b
r
id
Ge
n
etic
al
g
o
r
ith
m
t
o
s
o
lv
e
t
h
is
p
r
o
b
le
m
.
Sectio
n
5
i
s
d
ed
icate
d
f
o
r
ex
p
er
i
m
en
tal
r
es
u
lt
s
a
n
d
d
is
cu
s
s
io
n
.
Fi
n
all
y
,
Sectio
n
6
p
r
esen
ts
t
h
e
co
n
cl
u
s
io
n
an
d
f
u
tu
r
e
w
o
r
k
.
2.
B
ACK
G
RO
UND
AN
D
RE
L
AT
E
D
WO
RK
S
A
lt
h
o
u
g
h
t
h
e
h
i
g
h
b
en
e
f
it
s
o
f
I
P
T
V
d
eliv
er
y
n
et
w
o
r
k
s
to
b
o
th
s
er
v
ice
p
r
o
v
id
er
an
d
C
o
n
te
n
t
co
n
s
u
m
er
,
d
esig
n
i
n
g
ef
f
icie
n
t
d
eliv
er
y
n
e
t
w
o
r
k
s
is
n
o
t
a
tr
iv
ial
task
a
n
d
h
as
p
o
ten
tial
p
r
o
b
le
m
s
,
w
h
ic
h
m
u
s
t
b
e
s
o
lv
ed
.
I
P
T
V
d
eliv
er
y
n
et
w
o
r
k
s
co
m
p
o
s
itio
n
,
C
o
n
te
n
t
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
an
d
m
a
n
a
g
e
m
e
n
t,
r
eso
u
r
ce
allo
ca
tio
n
,
an
d
r
eq
u
est
r
ed
ir
ec
tio
n
ar
e
th
e
m
a
in
clas
s
es
o
f
is
s
u
e
s
th
at
m
u
s
t
b
e
co
n
s
id
er
ed
d
u
r
in
g
b
u
ild
in
g
t
h
e
d
eliv
er
y
n
et
w
o
r
k
s
.
I
PT
V
d
eliv
er
y
n
e
t
w
o
r
k
s
co
m
p
o
s
itio
n
in
c
lu
d
es
d
eliv
er
y
n
et
w
o
r
k
p
lace
m
e
n
t,
d
eter
m
i
n
i
n
g
t
h
e
s
er
v
er
s
’
s
p
ec
i
f
icatio
n
s
,
an
d
i
n
t
er
ac
tio
n
a
m
o
n
g
s
er
v
er
s
.
C
o
n
te
n
t
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
a
n
d
m
a
n
ag
e
m
e
n
t
i
n
clu
d
e
s
co
n
te
n
t
s
elec
tio
n
a
n
d
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
b
as
ed
o
n
d
e
m
an
d
a
n
d
ca
ch
e/r
ep
li
ca
m
a
n
ag
e
m
e
n
t.
R
e
s
o
u
r
ce
all
o
ca
tio
n
ch
o
o
s
es
th
e
t
y
p
e
an
d
s
ize
o
f
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
t
h
at
ar
e
r
eq
u
ir
ed
f
o
r
ea
ch
s
u
r
r
o
g
ate
s
er
v
er
.
R
eq
u
est
r
ed
ir
ec
tio
n
i
n
clu
d
es
th
e
tech
n
iq
u
es
to
d
is
tr
ib
u
te
t
h
e
r
e
q
u
ests
a
m
o
n
g
s
er
v
er
s
i
n
a
m
a
n
n
er
to
m
a
in
ta
in
th
e
lo
ad
b
alan
ce
d
an
d
a
v
o
id
t
h
e
tr
af
f
ic
co
n
g
e
s
tio
n
[
4
]
,
[
1
3
]
.
C
o
n
te
n
t
p
lace
m
en
t
is
a
n
i
m
p
o
r
tan
t
p
o
in
t
i
n
t
h
e
d
eli
v
er
y
n
et
w
o
r
k
s
f
o
r
m
u
lti
m
ed
ia
s
tr
ea
m
i
n
g
.
I
n
lar
g
e
m
u
lti
m
ed
ia
s
y
s
te
m
s
(
e.
g
.
I
PT
V)
,
th
e
ef
f
ec
ti
v
e
co
n
te
n
t
p
lace
m
e
n
t
is
h
i
g
h
l
y
r
eq
u
ir
ed
to
co
p
e
w
ith
lo
ad
i
m
b
alan
ce
,
in
s
u
f
f
icie
n
t
b
a
n
d
w
id
t
h
,
la
r
g
e
d
ela
y
,
a
n
d
p
ac
k
et
lo
s
s
[
14
]
-
[
1
6
]
.
I
n
th
e
c
o
n
tex
t
o
f
co
n
ten
t
p
lace
m
en
t,
a
co
n
s
id
er
ab
le
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
w
o
r
k
s
ar
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
to
co
p
e
w
it
h
t
h
e
g
r
o
w
i
n
g
d
e
m
a
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d
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th
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e
co
n
te
n
ts
.
On
t
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o
t
h
er
h
a
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d
,
R
ep
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p
lace
m
en
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P
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b
lem
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a
s
a
g
lo
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al
s
tr
ateg
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,
i
s
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id
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y
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in
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m
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m
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tio
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co
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[
1
7
]
.
I
n
th
e
li
ter
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e,
th
e
R
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P
lace
m
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p
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(
co
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w
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v
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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N:
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d
elive
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y
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etw
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ks
(
S
u
lima
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M.
F
a
ti
)
371
to
w
ar
d
an
o
v
er
all
g
o
al
(
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
o
r
co
s
t
i
m
p
r
o
v
e
m
en
t)
.
Su
c
h
p
r
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b
le
m
s
t
y
p
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r
eq
u
ir
e
h
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is
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o
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ith
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NP
-
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p
lete
[1
8
]
,
[
19
].
I
n
t
h
e
co
n
te
x
t
o
f
p
r
o
b
le
m
d
e
f
i
n
itio
n
,
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e
r
esear
ch
er
s
i
n
v
e
s
ti
g
ate
th
e
co
n
te
n
t r
ep
licatio
n
p
r
o
b
le
m
f
r
o
m
t
w
o
p
er
s
p
ec
tiv
e
s
.
T
h
e
f
ir
s
t
p
er
s
p
ec
tiv
e
is
to
i
m
p
r
o
v
e
th
e
q
u
a
lit
y
o
f
s
er
v
ice
[
20
]
-
[
2
3
]
.
T
h
e
s
ec
o
n
d
p
er
s
p
ec
tiv
e
is
to
m
i
n
i
m
ize
th
e
d
eli
v
er
y
co
s
t
[
11
]
,
[
1
2
]
,
an
d
[
24
]
-
[
2
8
]
.
T
h
ese
w
o
r
k
s
ca
n
also
b
e
class
if
ied
ac
co
r
d
in
g
to
th
e
s
o
lu
tio
n
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
.
T
h
ese
s
o
lu
tio
n
s
ca
n
b
e
class
i
f
ied
i
n
to
h
eu
r
is
tic
s
o
lu
ti
o
n
s
a
n
d
ev
o
l
u
tio
n
ar
y
s
o
lu
tio
n
s
.
T
h
e
h
eu
r
i
s
tic
s
o
lu
tio
n
s
in
c
lu
d
e
th
e
ap
p
r
o
x
i
m
atio
n
alg
o
r
it
h
m
s
a
n
d
t
h
e
g
r
ee
d
y
al
g
o
r
ith
m
s
.
I
n
co
n
tr
ast,
t
h
e
ev
o
lu
tio
n
ar
y
al
g
o
r
ith
m
s
in
cl
u
d
e
Gen
etic,
an
t c
o
lo
n
y
,
an
d
p
ar
ticle
s
w
ar
m
al
g
o
r
ith
m
s
.
B
ec
au
s
e
o
f
th
e
R
ep
lica
P
lace
m
en
t
P
r
o
b
lem
is
NP
-
C
o
m
p
let
e
[
2
9
]
-
[
31
]
,
th
ey
t
y
p
icall
y
r
eq
u
ir
e
m
eta
-
h
eu
r
i
s
ti
c
al
g
o
r
ith
m
s
to
f
i
n
d
ap
p
r
o
x
i
m
ate
s
o
l
u
tio
n
s
w
it
h
i
n
a
f
ea
s
ib
le
ti
m
e
[
18
]
.
E
m
p
lo
y
i
n
g
s
u
c
h
m
eta
-
h
e
u
r
is
ti
c
alg
o
r
ith
m
s
h
elp
in
g
ai
n
i
n
g
th
e
m
a
x
i
m
u
m
b
e
n
ef
i
t
o
f
r
ep
licatio
n
th
at
is
cr
u
c
ial
f
o
r
th
e
s
u
cc
es
s
o
f
th
e
I
P
T
V
s
y
s
te
m
s
.
Ho
w
ev
er
,
t
h
e
a
f
o
r
em
en
tio
n
ed
w
o
r
k
s
,
w
h
ic
h
e
x
p
lo
it
h
eu
r
i
s
tic
al
g
o
r
ith
m
s
,
f
ail
t
o
p
r
o
d
u
ce
an
o
p
ti
m
a
l
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
p
lace
m
e
n
t
s
tr
ate
g
y
[
30
]
,
[
31
]
.
T
h
u
s
,
d
u
e
to
t
h
e
f
r
u
it
f
u
l
ap
p
licatio
n
o
f
e
v
o
lu
t
io
n
ar
y
a
lg
o
r
it
h
m
s
t
o
s
o
lv
e
a
v
ar
iet
y
o
f
o
p
ti
m
izat
io
n
p
r
o
b
le
m
s
,
m
a
n
y
atte
m
p
t
s
ar
e
r
ec
o
r
d
ed
in
t
h
e
d
ir
ec
ti
o
n
o
f
u
s
i
n
g
th
e
s
e
alg
o
r
ith
m
s
i
n
s
o
l
v
i
n
g
r
ep
lica
p
lace
m
en
t
p
r
o
b
le
m
.
K
h
an
an
d
Ah
m
ad
[
32
]
co
m
p
ar
ed
t
h
e
h
eu
r
i
s
tic
al
g
o
r
it
h
m
s
w
it
h
ev
o
l
u
tio
n
ar
y
al
g
o
r
ith
m
s
(
Gen
etic
Alg
o
r
it
h
m
as
an
ex
a
m
p
le)
.
T
h
e
y
i
n
tr
o
d
u
ce
d
a
u
n
if
ied
co
s
t
m
o
d
el
th
a
t
ca
p
tu
r
es
th
e
m
i
n
i
m
izatio
n
o
f
th
e
t
o
tal
o
b
j
ec
t
tr
an
s
f
er
co
s
t
in
th
e
s
y
s
te
m
,
w
h
ic
h
in
t
u
r
n
,
lead
s
to
ef
f
ec
ti
v
e
u
tili
za
t
io
n
o
f
s
to
r
ag
e
s
p
ac
e,
r
ep
lica
co
n
s
is
te
n
c
y
,
a
n
d
f
au
lt
-
to
ler
an
ce
.
T
h
e
s
tu
d
y
s
h
o
w
s
th
a
t
Gen
etic
A
l
g
o
r
ith
m
o
u
tp
er
f
o
r
m
s
t
h
e
h
eu
r
i
s
tic
al
g
o
r
ith
m
s
(
e.
g
.
g
r
ee
d
y
al
g
o
r
ith
m
s
)
i
n
ter
m
s
o
f
s
o
l
u
tio
n
q
u
alit
y
.
A
l
th
o
u
g
h
,
E
v
o
lu
tio
n
ar
y
a
lg
o
r
it
h
m
s
p
r
o
d
u
ce
b
etter
s
o
l
u
tio
n
s
a
s
clo
s
e
as
p
o
s
s
ib
le
to
t
h
e
o
p
ti
m
al
s
o
l
u
tio
n
s
,
t
h
e
h
eu
r
i
s
tic
alg
o
r
ith
m
s
ar
e
f
as
ter
th
a
n
e
v
o
lu
tio
n
ar
y
al
g
o
r
ith
m
s
i
n
t
h
e
r
u
n
n
in
g
t
i
m
e.
T
h
ese
f
i
n
d
in
g
s
a
ls
o
co
n
f
ir
m
ed
b
y
th
e
au
th
o
r
s
i
n
[
31
]
,
[
33
]
.
R
eso
u
r
ce
a
llo
ca
tio
n
is
a
n
i
m
p
o
r
tan
t
p
r
o
ce
s
s
in
d
esi
g
n
in
g
I
PT
V
d
eliv
er
y
n
et
w
o
r
k
s
.
T
h
is
p
r
o
ce
s
s
co
n
s
is
ts
o
f
d
eter
m
in
i
n
g
t
h
e
lo
ca
tio
n
,
t
h
e
t
y
p
e,
an
d
t
h
e
a
m
o
u
n
t
o
f
n
et
w
o
r
k
i
n
g
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
to
d
ep
lo
y
.
T
h
e
ai
m
o
f
th
e
r
eso
u
r
ce
allo
ca
tio
n
p
r
o
b
le
m
i
s
to
m
i
n
i
m
ize
th
e
co
s
t
w
h
il
e
ce
r
tain
co
n
s
tr
ain
ts
ar
e
r
esp
ec
ted
[
19
]
.
T
h
u
s
,
th
e
o
p
tim
izatio
n
s
tr
ateg
ie
s
ar
e
a
g
o
o
d
o
p
tio
n
to
s
o
lv
e
s
u
ch
p
r
o
b
le
m
s
[
34
]
.
I
n
th
e
liter
at
u
r
e
r
ev
ie
w
,
t
h
e
r
eso
u
r
ce
allo
ca
tio
n
p
r
o
b
lem
h
a
s
b
ee
n
ad
d
r
ess
ed
u
s
in
g
h
e
u
r
is
tic
s
o
l
u
ti
o
n
s
[
3
5
]
.
W
au
ter
s
et
al.
[
21
]
a
d
d
r
ess
th
e
r
eso
u
r
ce
allo
ca
tio
n
p
r
o
b
lem
o
f
d
eter
m
i
n
in
g
t
h
e
eq
u
ip
m
e
n
t
r
eq
u
ir
ed
f
o
r
b
u
ild
in
g
tr
an
s
p
o
r
t
n
et
w
o
r
k
f
o
r
Vo
D
s
er
v
ices.
T
h
ey
f
o
c
u
s
ed
o
n
d
eter
m
in
in
g
th
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
p
o
r
ts
o
f
ea
c
h
s
er
v
er
,
as
w
ell
a
s
,
t
h
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
m
u
ltip
lex
er
s
a
n
d
s
w
itc
h
p
o
r
ts
at
ea
c
h
n
o
d
e.
I
n
t
h
eir
s
t
u
d
y
,
th
e
d
ec
en
tr
alize
d
n
et
w
o
r
k
is
d
iv
id
ed
i
n
to
r
eg
io
n
a
l s
u
b
n
et
w
o
r
k
s
w
i
th
a
r
in
g
to
p
o
lo
g
y
.
Ne
x
t,
a
s
i
n
g
le
s
er
v
er
i
s
i
n
s
ta
lled
o
n
ea
c
h
r
e
g
io
n
al
s
u
b
n
et
w
o
r
k
.
Si
m
ilar
l
y
,
Kitj
o
n
g
th
a
w
o
n
k
u
l
an
d
Ko
[
36
]
ex
a
m
i
n
ed
th
e
r
es
o
u
r
ce
allo
ca
tio
n
p
r
o
b
lem
s
i
n
a
VOD
n
et
w
o
r
k
to
f
in
d
t
h
e
o
p
ti
m
al
lo
ca
tio
n
s
o
f
th
e
v
id
eo
s
er
v
er
s
.
T
h
e
y
co
n
s
i
d
er
ed
th
e
u
s
er
s
’
d
e
m
a
n
d
to
s
elec
t
th
e
lo
ca
tio
n
o
f
t
h
o
s
e
s
er
v
er
s
.
Mo
r
eo
v
er
,
th
e
au
th
o
r
s
ad
d
r
ess
ed
th
e
allo
ca
tio
n
p
r
o
b
le
m
u
s
i
n
g
t
h
e
d
y
n
a
m
ic
p
r
o
g
r
a
m
m
i
n
g
tec
h
n
iq
u
e.
T
h
e
o
b
j
ec
tiv
e
o
f
Kitj
o
n
g
th
a
w
o
n
k
u
l
a
n
d
Ko
is
t
o
m
in
i
m
ize
t
h
e
to
tal
o
p
er
atin
g
co
s
t,
in
c
lu
d
i
n
g
tr
an
s
m
i
s
s
io
n
co
s
t,
s
to
r
ag
e
co
s
t,
an
d
s
er
v
er
in
s
tallat
io
n
co
s
t.
A
llo
ca
ti
n
g
th
e
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
to
b
u
ild
an
o
v
er
la
y
n
et
w
o
r
k
o
v
er
m
u
ltip
le
s
u
b
s
tr
ate
n
et
w
o
r
k
s
is
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
b
y
Ho
u
id
i
et
al.
[
37
]
an
d
P
a
n
d
e
y
et
al.
[
38
]
.
Ho
u
id
i
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
a
d
y
n
a
m
ic
o
v
er
la
y
n
et
wo
r
k
cr
ea
tio
n
m
o
d
el
ac
co
r
d
in
g
to
th
e
lo
ad
an
d
t
h
e
av
ailab
le
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
.
T
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
m
o
d
el
co
m
p
o
s
ed
o
f
r
eq
u
est
s
p
litt
i
n
g
alg
o
r
ith
m
a
n
d
e
m
b
ed
d
in
g
al
g
o
r
ith
m
.
T
h
e
r
eq
u
est
s
p
litt
i
n
g
alg
o
r
ith
m
ai
m
s
at
h
e
lp
in
g
t
h
e
o
v
er
la
y
n
et
w
o
r
k
p
r
o
v
id
er
to
d
is
tr
ib
u
te
th
e
in
c
o
m
in
g
r
eq
u
est
s
a
m
o
n
g
th
e
a
v
ailab
le
s
u
b
s
tr
ate
n
et
w
o
r
k
p
r
o
v
id
er
s
.
T
h
e
au
th
o
r
s
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
t
w
o
r
eq
u
e
s
ts
s
p
litt
in
g
al
g
o
r
ith
m
s
;
m
ax
-
f
lo
w
m
i
n
-
c
u
t
al
g
o
r
ith
m
an
d
l
in
ea
r
p
r
o
g
r
a
m
m
in
g
a
l
g
o
r
it
h
m
.
B
ased
o
n
th
e
s
p
litt
i
n
g
alg
o
r
it
h
m
,
e
m
b
ed
d
in
g
alg
o
r
it
h
m
is
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
to
ass
ig
n
v
ir
tu
al
n
o
d
es
an
d
lin
k
s
i
n
to
ea
ch
s
u
b
s
tr
ate
n
et
w
o
r
k
p
r
o
v
id
er
s
i
m
u
lta
n
eo
u
s
l
y
.
I
n
t
h
i
s
w
o
r
k
,
th
e
au
t
h
o
r
s
f
o
r
m
u
lated
t
h
e
o
v
er
la
y
n
e
t
w
o
r
k
e
m
b
ed
d
in
g
p
r
o
ce
s
s
to
b
e
s
o
lv
ed
b
y
m
ea
n
s
o
f
m
i
x
ed
in
teg
e
r
p
r
o
g
r
am
.
T
h
e
ai
m
o
f
t
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
em
b
ed
d
in
g
alg
o
r
ith
m
is
to
i
n
cr
ea
s
e
t
h
e
r
eq
u
est ac
ce
p
tan
ce
r
ate
an
d
d
ec
r
ea
s
e
th
e
leas
in
g
co
s
t o
f
i
n
f
r
ast
r
u
ctu
r
e.
P
an
d
ey
et
al.
[
38
]
f
o
cu
s
ed
o
n
d
eter
m
i
n
in
g
t
h
e
o
p
ti
m
u
m
n
et
w
o
r
k
d
ep
lo
y
m
e
n
t
s
tr
ateg
y
f
o
r
Vo
D
s
er
v
ices
i
n
a
h
eter
o
g
e
n
eo
u
s
n
e
t
w
o
r
k
in
g
e
n
v
ir
o
n
m
en
t.
T
h
e
d
ep
lo
y
m
e
n
t
d
ec
is
io
n
s
ca
n
b
e
m
a
d
e
co
n
s
id
er
in
g
t
h
e
f
o
llo
w
in
g
p
ar
a
m
eter
s
: th
e
r
eq
u
ir
ed
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
Vo
D
s
er
v
er
s
,
th
e
m
in
i
m
u
m
p
h
y
s
ical
d
i
s
tan
c
e
o
f
s
er
v
er
f
r
o
m
th
e
co
m
m
u
n
it
y
an
d
t
h
e
b
an
d
w
id
t
h
ca
p
ac
it
y
r
eq
u
ir
e
m
e
n
t.
T
h
e
au
th
o
r
s
’
a
i
m
is
to
d
eter
m
i
n
e
t
h
e
m
i
n
i
m
u
m
ca
p
ac
it
y
r
eq
u
ir
e
m
en
ts
th
a
t
m
ai
n
tai
n
th
e
m
in
i
m
u
m
r
eq
u
ir
e
m
e
n
t
o
f
Q
u
alit
y
o
f
E
x
p
er
ien
ce
(
Qo
E
)
to
b
e
m
et.
Fo
r
th
at,
th
e
y
e
s
ti
m
ated
th
r
ee
Qo
E
m
etr
ics:
th
e
s
er
v
er
w
aiti
n
g
ti
m
e,
th
e
m
i
n
i
m
u
m
o
n
e
-
w
a
y
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el
a
y
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d
th
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ac
ce
s
s
n
et
w
o
r
k
b
an
d
w
id
t
h
co
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s
u
m
p
t
io
n
.
Su
c
h
est
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m
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tio
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s
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o
n
e
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ased
o
n
th
e
an
a
l
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s
is
o
f
u
s
er
r
eq
u
ir
e
m
en
ts
a
n
d
n
et
w
o
r
k
co
n
f
ig
u
r
atio
n
s
.
Af
ter
w
ar
d
s
,
t
h
e
y
f
o
r
m
u
lated
t
h
e
s
e
r
v
er
lo
ca
tio
n
p
r
o
b
le
m
a
n
d
p
at
h
s
e
lectio
n
p
r
o
b
lem
j
o
in
tl
y
as
an
I
n
teg
er
L
in
ea
r
P
r
o
g
r
a
m
m
in
g
(
I
L
P
)
p
r
o
b
lem
.
T
h
e
au
t
h
o
r
s
s
o
lv
ed
th
i
s
p
r
o
b
le
m
b
y
m
ea
n
s
o
f
I
L
P
tech
n
iq
u
es,
as
w
e
ll a
s
,
h
e
u
r
is
ti
cs.
On
e
o
f
t
h
e
f
la
w
s
in
m
o
s
t
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
w
o
r
k
s
to
s
o
l
v
e
t
h
e
r
eso
u
r
ce
allo
ca
tio
n
a
n
d
/o
r
r
ep
lica
p
lace
m
e
n
t
p
r
o
b
lem
is
th
a
t
t
h
e
y
co
n
s
i
d
er
th
e
p
r
o
b
lem
s
o
f
r
eso
u
r
ce
a
llo
ca
tio
n
o
r
r
ep
lica
p
lace
m
e
n
t
p
r
o
b
le
m
in
d
ep
en
d
en
tl
y
.
So
lv
i
n
g
th
ese
t
w
o
p
r
o
b
lem
s
i
n
d
ep
en
d
en
t
l
y
p
r
o
d
u
ce
s
s
u
b
o
p
ti
m
al
s
o
lu
tio
n
s
;
th
i
s
is
d
u
e
to
th
e
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8708
I
n
t J
E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
,
Vo
l.
9
,
No
.
1
,
Feb
r
u
ar
y
2
0
1
9
:
3
6
9
-
385
372
d
ir
ec
t
ef
f
ec
t
o
f
r
ep
licas
lo
ca
ti
o
n
s
o
n
th
e
a
m
o
u
n
t
o
f
r
eq
u
ir
e
d
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
an
d
v
ice
v
er
s
a
[
11
]
,
[
39
]
.
T
h
e
m
ai
n
ad
v
an
ta
g
e
o
f
co
m
b
i
n
in
g
r
ep
lica
p
lace
m
e
n
t
an
d
r
eso
u
r
ce
all
o
ca
tio
n
in
o
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e
j
o
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p
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o
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lem
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s
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at
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h
e
r
eso
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ce
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w
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l
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e
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tili
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ef
f
icie
n
tl
y
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d
as
n
ec
ess
ar
y
.
O
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ce
th
e
s
e
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
b
ec
o
m
e
n
o
lo
n
g
er
r
eq
u
ir
ed
,
th
e
y
w
ill
b
e
r
elea
s
ed
to
b
e
av
ailab
le
f
o
r
o
t
h
er
u
s
er
s
w
h
o
r
eq
u
ir
e
it
o
r
ab
le
to
p
ay
f
o
r
it.
Fo
r
th
at,
in
teg
r
atin
g
th
e
r
ep
lica
p
lace
m
en
t
p
r
o
b
lem
w
it
h
t
h
e
r
eso
u
r
ce
allo
ca
tio
n
i
s
s
u
g
g
e
s
te
d
f
ir
s
tl
y
b
y
[
11
]
.
L
ao
u
tar
is
et
al.
[
11
]
ar
g
u
e
th
a
t
th
e
r
ep
lica
p
lace
m
e
n
t
p
r
o
b
lem
a
n
d
th
e
r
eso
u
r
ce
allo
ca
tio
n
p
r
o
b
lem
s
h
o
u
ld
b
e
s
o
lv
ed
jo
in
tl
y
to
av
o
id
a
s
u
b
o
p
ti
m
al
s
o
l
u
tio
n
.
T
h
ey
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
a
r
ea
lis
tic
f
r
a
m
e
w
o
r
k
to
b
u
ild
o
p
tim
al
r
eso
u
r
ce
/
co
n
te
n
t
allo
ca
tio
n
m
o
d
el
f
o
r
a
h
ier
ar
ch
ical
ar
c
h
itect
u
r
e
th
at
m
in
i
m
izes
t
h
e
to
tal
co
s
t.
T
h
e
co
s
t
h
er
e
is
r
ep
r
esen
t
ed
b
y
t
h
e
d
is
ta
n
ce
b
et
w
ee
n
th
e
s
to
r
ag
e
lo
ca
tio
n
an
d
th
e
en
d
u
s
er
.
T
h
e
f
r
a
m
e
w
o
r
k
o
f
L
a
u
tar
is
to
o
k
i
n
to
co
n
s
id
er
atio
n
t
h
e
lo
ad
b
alan
ce
an
d
r
eq
u
est
p
ee
r
in
g
a
m
o
n
g
s
er
v
er
s
as
co
n
s
tr
ain
ts
.
I
n
th
is
f
r
a
m
e
w
o
r
k
,
Ge
n
etic
A
l
g
o
r
ith
m
is
e
x
p
lo
ited
to
s
o
lv
e
t
h
e
r
eso
u
r
ce
allo
ca
t
io
n
p
r
o
b
lem
.
Ng
u
y
en
e
t
al
.
[
40
]
ad
d
r
ess
ed
th
e
p
r
o
b
le
m
o
f
o
v
er
l
y
n
et
w
o
r
k
p
r
o
v
is
io
n
i
n
g
f
o
r
m
u
lti
m
ed
ia
c
o
n
ten
t
s
to
b
u
ild
a
co
s
t
-
e
f
f
ec
ti
v
e
v
ir
tu
al
d
eli
v
er
y
n
et
w
o
r
k
.
T
h
eir
f
r
a
m
e
w
o
r
k
ai
m
s
to
b
u
ild
an
o
v
er
l
y
d
eli
v
er
y
n
et
w
o
r
k
o
v
er
a
s
u
b
s
tr
ate
n
e
t
w
o
r
k
.
T
h
ey
f
o
r
m
u
lated
t
h
e
p
r
o
v
is
i
o
n
in
g
p
r
o
b
le
m
as
a
co
m
b
i
n
atio
n
b
et
w
ee
n
co
n
ten
t
r
ep
licatio
n
an
d
r
eso
u
r
ce
allo
ca
tio
n
.
Nex
t,
t
h
e
y
s
o
lv
ed
t
h
is
p
r
o
v
is
io
n
in
g
p
r
o
b
le
m
u
s
i
n
g
a
L
a
g
r
an
g
ia
n
r
elax
atio
n
h
eu
r
i
s
tic
al
g
o
r
ith
m
.
Si
m
i
lar
l
y
,
Na
k
an
i
w
a
et
al.
[
41
]
in
tr
o
d
u
ce
d
a
m
at
h
e
m
a
tical
m
o
d
el
to
j
o
in
th
e
co
n
ten
t
r
e
p
licatio
n
w
it
h
s
er
v
er
p
lace
m
en
t
f
o
r
th
e
h
ie
r
ar
ch
ical
ar
ch
itect
u
r
e.
T
h
eir
ai
m
w
as
to
m
a
x
i
m
ize
th
e
s
y
s
te
m
r
eliab
ilit
y
o
f
d
eliv
er
y
n
et
w
o
r
k
.
T
h
ey
i
n
tr
o
d
u
ce
d
an
in
te
g
er
p
r
o
g
r
am
m
i
n
g
tec
h
n
iq
u
e
to
m
a
x
i
m
ize
th
e
r
eliab
ilit
y
o
f
th
e
s
y
s
te
m
.
T
h
is
tec
h
n
iq
u
e
f
i
n
d
s
th
e
o
p
ti
m
al
s
ch
e
m
e
f
o
r
b
o
th
co
n
te
n
t
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n
d
r
eso
u
r
ce
allo
c
atio
n
p
r
o
b
le
m
s
t
h
at
m
ax
i
m
ize
th
e
r
eliab
ilit
y
o
f
all
th
e
p
ath
s
f
r
o
m
ea
ch
u
s
er
to
ea
ch
f
ile
lo
ca
tio
n
.
T
h
ey
ap
p
lie
d
th
eir
m
o
d
el
o
n
a
r
ea
l
d
eliv
er
y
n
et
w
o
r
k
f
o
r
in
te
r
n
et
s
er
v
ice
p
r
o
v
id
er
in
J
ap
an
ca
lled
"
B
B
it
-
J
ap
an
"
w
it
h
s
u
b
j
ec
t
t
o
d
elay
an
d
s
to
r
ag
e
an
d
/o
r
tr
an
s
m
i
s
s
io
n
co
s
t c
o
n
s
tr
ai
n
ts
.
On
t
h
e
o
th
er
s
id
e,
Ald
an
a
Di
az
an
d
Hu
h
[
42
]
ar
g
u
e
t
h
at
a
llo
ca
tin
g
th
e
I
P
T
V
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
in
cl
u
d
in
g
s
to
r
ag
e
a
n
d
b
an
d
w
id
t
h
r
eq
u
ir
es
cr
ea
ti
n
g
a
co
s
t
f
u
n
ctio
n
b
ased
o
n
co
n
te
n
ts
m
a
n
a
g
e
m
en
t
an
d
d
i
s
tr
ib
u
tio
n
.
T
h
ey
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
th
r
ee
co
s
t
-
b
ased
p
o
licies,
p
ar
ticu
lar
l
y
,
lo
ca
l
h
o
s
ti
n
g
,
ex
ter
n
al
h
o
s
ti
n
g
,
an
d
p
ar
tial
h
o
s
tin
g
p
o
licies
f
o
r
3
r
d
p
ar
ty
co
n
te
n
t
s
er
v
ice
o
n
a
d
i
s
tr
ib
u
ted
ar
ch
itect
u
r
e.
I
n
t
h
eir
d
etailed
co
s
t
f
u
n
ctio
n
,
t
h
e
y
co
n
s
id
er
ed
th
e
s
to
r
ag
e
a
n
d
b
an
d
w
id
th
r
eq
u
ir
e
m
e
n
ts
th
a
t
m
a
in
tai
n
t
h
e
lea
s
t
le
v
el
o
f
Ser
v
ic
e
L
e
v
el
Ag
r
ee
m
en
t
(
SLA
)
.
T
h
e
r
esu
lts
o
f
th
e
m
s
h
o
w
ed
th
at
p
ar
tial
h
o
s
tin
g
o
f
co
n
ten
ts
is
t
h
e
m
o
s
t
s
u
itab
le
tech
n
iq
u
e
w
h
er
ei
n
s
o
m
e
o
f
th
e
co
n
te
n
t
s
ar
e
h
o
s
ted
lo
ca
lly
w
h
ile
th
e
o
th
er
s
ca
n
b
e
r
eq
u
ested
u
p
o
n
th
e
d
em
an
d
.
S
u
ch
p
ar
tial
h
o
s
ti
n
g
m
a
y
m
a
in
tai
n
t
h
e
tr
ad
e
-
o
f
f
b
et
w
ee
n
t
h
e
s
to
r
a
g
e
co
s
t
an
d
b
an
d
w
id
t
h
co
s
t.
Ho
w
ev
er
,
th
is
w
o
r
k
lac
k
s
f
o
r
r
ea
l
co
n
s
tr
ain
t
s
o
n
w
h
ic
h
co
n
ten
ts
s
h
o
u
ld
b
e
h
o
s
ted
,
an
d
,
w
h
ic
h
co
n
ten
t
s
s
h
o
u
ld
b
e
r
eq
u
ested
u
p
o
n
d
em
a
n
d
.
L
i
a
n
d
W
u
[
12
]
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
a
h
eu
r
is
t
ic
al
g
o
r
ith
m
t
h
at
f
i
n
d
s
t
h
e
o
p
ti
m
al
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
p
o
p
u
lar
co
n
ten
ts
an
d
t
h
e
o
p
ti
m
al
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
s
e
r
v
er
s
to
s
to
r
e
t
h
ese
co
n
te
n
ts
.
T
h
eir
m
o
d
el
i
g
n
o
r
es
th
e
co
n
te
n
ts
'
r
ep
licatio
n
an
d
th
e
lo
ad
b
alan
cin
g
.
R
ep
licati
n
g
t
h
e
co
n
te
n
ts
ac
co
r
d
i
n
g
to
th
eir
s
ta
tu
s
h
elp
s
t
h
e
s
er
v
ice
p
r
o
v
id
er
to
d
e
cid
e
o
n
t
h
e
r
eq
u
ir
ed
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
to
allo
ca
te.
T
h
u
s
,
c
o
n
s
id
er
in
g
t
h
e
co
n
te
n
t
s
tat
u
s
i
s
an
i
m
p
o
r
tan
t
p
o
in
t
to
ac
h
iev
e
o
p
tim
a
l
r
eso
u
r
ce
allo
ca
tio
n
s
c
h
e
m
e
d
ep
en
d
in
g
o
n
th
e
r
ep
lica
p
lace
m
en
t.
T
h
e
r
ef
o
r
e,
in
t
h
is
p
ap
er
,
th
e
co
n
t
en
t
-
a
w
ar
e
r
eso
u
r
ce
allo
ca
tio
n
m
o
d
el
is
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
a
i
m
i
n
g
at
i
n
v
est
ig
ati
n
g
th
e
i
m
p
ac
t o
f
co
n
ten
t stat
u
s
o
n
r
eso
u
r
ce
allo
ca
tio
n
.
3.
CARA
M
F
RA
M
E
WO
K
I
n
tr
ad
itio
n
al
d
eli
v
er
y
n
e
t
w
o
r
k
s
,
a
s
C
DN,
t
h
e
s
er
v
ice
p
r
o
v
i
d
er
h
as
to
allo
ca
te
th
e
co
n
te
n
t
s
ac
co
r
d
in
g
to
lo
n
g
-
ter
m
s
er
v
ice
co
n
tr
ac
t
w
it
h
a
ce
r
tai
n
co
m
m
i
t
m
e
n
t.
T
h
is
p
r
ici
n
g
s
c
h
e
m
e
h
i
n
d
er
s
t
h
e
s
er
v
ice
p
r
o
v
id
er
to
co
p
e
w
it
h
th
e
s
u
d
d
en
w
o
r
k
lo
ad
at
t
h
e
p
ea
k
b
u
s
y
ti
m
es.
O
n
t
h
e
o
t
h
er
s
id
e,
th
is
s
c
h
e
m
e
lead
s
to
w
aste
th
e
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
d
u
e
to
th
e
lo
w
u
tili
z
at
io
n
at
th
e
n
o
n
-
p
ea
k
b
u
s
y
ti
m
es.
Fo
r
th
a
t,
p
a
y
-
as
-
y
o
u
-
g
o
s
ch
e
m
e
is
s
u
g
g
e
s
ted
b
y
t
h
e
d
eliv
er
y
n
et
w
o
r
k
p
r
o
v
id
er
s
.
Am
az
o
n
C
lo
u
d
Fro
n
t
is
a
g
lo
b
al
ex
a
m
p
le
f
o
r
p
ay
-
as
-
y
o
u
-
g
o
s
c
h
e
m
e;
in
w
h
ic
h
,
t
h
e
s
er
v
ice
p
r
o
v
id
er
h
as
to
p
a
y
f
o
r
t
h
e
u
s
ed
r
eso
u
r
c
es
o
n
l
y
w
it
h
o
u
t
an
y
u
p
f
r
o
n
t,
co
m
m
i
t,
o
r
s
er
v
ice
co
n
tr
ac
t.
P
ar
ticu
lar
l
y
,
t
h
e
s
er
v
ice
p
r
o
v
id
er
h
as
to
co
n
tr
o
l
t
h
e
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
allo
ca
tio
n
ac
co
r
d
in
g
to
t
h
e
d
e
m
a
n
d
to
m
i
n
i
m
ize
th
e
h
o
s
ti
n
g
co
s
t [
10
]
w
it
h
o
u
t a
f
f
ec
ti
n
g
t
h
e
u
s
er
s
ati
s
f
ac
tio
n
.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
th
e
ai
m
o
f
C
o
n
te
n
t
-
Aw
ar
e
R
eso
u
r
ce
Allo
ca
tio
n
Mo
d
el
(
C
AR
A
M)
i
s
to
d
ec
i
d
e
o
n
th
e
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
a
m
o
u
n
t
an
d
th
e
co
n
ten
t
r
ep
licatio
n
s
ch
e
m
e
ac
co
r
d
in
g
to
th
e
d
e
m
a
n
d
s
o
as
to
a
ch
iev
e
a
m
in
i
m
u
m
co
s
t
s
u
b
j
ec
t
to
g
i
v
e
n
co
n
s
tr
ain
ts
.
T
h
e
co
s
t,
h
er
e,
is
e
x
p
r
ess
ed
in
ter
m
s
o
f
th
e
a
m
o
u
n
t
o
f
p
a
y
m
e
n
t
to
t
h
e
n
et
w
o
r
k
p
r
o
v
id
er
to
h
o
s
t t
h
e
c
o
n
ten
t
s
.
T
h
u
s
,
allo
ca
ti
n
g
t
h
e
s
t
o
r
ag
e
an
d
b
an
d
w
id
th
r
e
s
o
u
r
ce
s
ca
n
b
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
ed
in
co
n
j
u
n
ctio
n
w
i
th
r
ep
lica
p
lace
m
e
n
t.
T
h
e
m
ai
n
ad
v
a
n
ta
g
e
o
f
co
m
b
i
n
i
n
g
r
ep
lica
p
lace
m
en
t
a
n
d
r
eso
u
r
ce
allo
ca
tio
n
in
o
n
e
j
o
in
t
p
r
o
b
le
m
is
t
h
at
th
e
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
w
ill
b
e
u
tili
ze
d
ef
f
icie
n
tl
y
a
n
d
as
n
ec
ess
ar
y
[
10
]
.
On
ce
th
ese
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
b
ec
o
m
e
n
o
lo
n
g
er
r
eq
u
ir
ed
,
th
ey
w
il
l
b
e
r
ele
ased
to
b
e
av
ailab
le
f
o
r
o
th
er
u
s
er
s
w
h
o
r
eq
u
ir
e
it
o
r
ab
le
to
p
ay
f
o
r
it.
C
o
n
te
n
t
-
A
w
ar
e
R
e
s
o
u
r
ce
A
l
l
o
ca
tio
n
p
r
o
b
lem
f
o
c
u
s
es
o
n
d
eter
m
i
n
in
g
t
h
e
s
er
v
er
lo
ca
tio
n
s
i
n
ea
c
h
s
er
v
ice
ar
ea
,
alo
n
g
w
it
h
,
th
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
in
g
p
o
w
er
,
s
to
r
ag
e
s
p
ac
e,
an
d
b
an
d
w
id
t
h
ca
p
ac
ity
at
ea
c
h
lo
ca
tio
n
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J
E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
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n
g
I
SS
N:
2
0
8
8
-
8708
C
o
n
ten
t
-
a
w
a
r
e
r
eso
u
r
ce
a
llo
ca
tio
n
mo
d
el
f
o
r
I
P
TV
d
elive
r
y
n
etw
o
r
ks
(
S
u
lima
n
M.
F
a
ti
)
373
T
o
ac
h
iev
e
an
o
p
ti
m
al
s
o
lu
ti
o
n
f
o
r
t
h
i
s
p
r
o
b
le
m
,
t
h
e
s
er
v
i
ce
p
r
o
v
id
er
h
as
to
o
b
tai
n
t
h
e
s
ize
a
n
d
p
o
p
u
lar
it
y
di
s
tr
ib
u
tio
n
s
o
f
co
n
ten
ts
i
n
ea
ch
s
er
v
ice
ar
ea
.
C
o
n
s
eq
u
en
t
l
y
,
t
h
e
r
ep
licatio
n
d
e
g
r
ee
,
th
e
p
o
p
u
lar
it
y
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
,
a
n
d
t
h
e
e
x
p
ec
ted
lo
ad
o
f
co
n
te
n
t
s
alo
n
g
w
i
th
th
eir
r
eq
u
ir
e
m
en
t
i
n
ter
m
s
o
f
p
r
o
ce
s
s
in
g
p
o
w
er
,
s
to
r
ag
e,
a
n
d
b
an
d
w
id
th
m
u
s
t
b
e
esti
m
ated
clea
r
l
y
.
R
ep
licat
in
g
t
h
e
co
n
ten
t
s
ac
co
r
d
in
g
to
th
eir
r
eq
u
ir
e
m
e
n
t
h
elp
s
th
e
s
er
v
ice
p
r
o
v
id
er
to
d
ec
id
e
th
e
r
eq
u
ir
ed
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
to
allo
ca
te.
T
h
u
s
,
th
i
s
in
ter
d
ep
en
d
en
c
y
e
m
p
h
a
s
ize
s
th
e
n
ee
d
to
ad
d
r
ess
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
allo
ca
tio
n
an
d
r
ep
lica
p
lace
m
e
n
t j
o
in
tl
y
.
C
o
n
te
n
t
-
a
w
ar
e
R
es
o
u
r
ce
All
o
ca
tio
n
as
a
n
o
p
ti
m
izatio
n
p
r
o
ce
s
s
s
h
o
u
ld
ta
k
e
i
n
to
ac
co
u
n
t
th
e
av
ailab
le
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
a
n
d
th
eir
c
o
s
t,
as
w
e
ll a
s
,
th
e
co
n
ten
ts
an
d
th
eir
ch
ar
ac
ter
is
tic
s
as
f
o
llo
w
s
.
a.
Av
ailab
le
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
:
I
n
t
h
e
co
n
tex
t
o
f
s
h
ar
ed
h
o
s
ti
n
g
en
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
t,
ea
ch
r
eso
u
r
ce
p
r
o
v
id
er
ad
v
er
tis
es
“f
o
r
h
ir
e”
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
w
it
h
i
n
f
o
r
m
a
tio
n
o
f
r
eso
u
r
ce
t
y
p
e,
lo
ca
tio
n
,
an
d
co
s
t.
T
h
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
in
g
p
o
w
er
,
s
to
r
ag
e
s
p
ac
e,
an
d
b
an
d
w
id
th
ca
p
ac
it
y
o
f
s
er
v
er
s
ar
e
al
s
o
p
r
o
v
id
ed
.
I
n
s
u
ch
e
n
v
ir
o
n
m
en
t,
th
e
s
er
v
i
ce
p
r
o
v
id
er
ca
n
ch
o
o
s
e
d
if
f
er
en
t r
eso
u
r
ce
s
,
w
h
ich
b
elo
n
g
to
d
i
f
f
er
e
n
t r
eso
u
r
c
es p
r
o
v
id
er
s
.
b.
C
o
n
te
n
ts
r
eq
u
ir
e
m
en
t:
ea
c
h
v
id
eo
in
I
P
T
V
s
y
s
te
m
s
r
eq
u
ir
es
a
s
to
r
ag
e
s
p
ac
e,
p
r
o
ce
s
s
in
g
p
o
w
er
,
a
n
d
b
an
d
w
id
t
h
ca
p
ac
it
y
p
r
o
p
o
r
tio
n
al
to
its
p
o
p
u
lar
i
t
y
.
T
h
u
s
,
r
ep
licatin
g
t
h
e
co
n
te
n
ts
ac
c
o
r
d
in
g
to
th
eir
p
o
p
u
lar
it
y
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
g
iv
e
s
th
e
o
p
tim
a
l
r
ep
licatio
n
s
ch
e
m
e,
w
h
ic
h
in
t
u
r
n
o
p
ti
m
iz
es
th
e
r
eso
u
r
ce
allo
ca
tio
n
p
r
o
ce
s
s
.
T
h
e
in
f
o
r
m
at
io
n
ab
o
u
t
t
h
e
av
ailab
le
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
,
as
w
e
ll
as
,
th
e
r
eq
u
ir
e
m
e
n
ts
i
s
g
a
t
h
er
e
d
f
r
o
m
th
e
r
eso
u
r
ce
p
r
o
v
id
er
s
an
d
s
er
v
i
ce
p
r
o
v
id
er
s
r
esp
ec
tiv
el
y
.
T
h
e
s
er
v
ice
p
r
o
v
id
er
is
r
esp
o
n
s
ib
le
f
o
r
d
o
in
g
t
h
e
allo
ca
tio
n
p
r
o
ce
s
s
b
ased
o
n
t
h
e
r
eq
u
ir
e
m
e
n
ts
.
Up
o
n
co
m
p
l
etio
n
th
e
allo
ca
tio
n
p
r
o
ce
s
s
,
th
e
s
er
v
ice
p
r
o
v
id
er
s
en
d
s
t
h
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
r
esu
lts
to
t
h
e
r
eso
u
r
ce
p
r
o
v
id
er
to
cr
ea
te
t
h
e
to
p
o
lo
g
y
.
I
n
ca
s
e
o
f
th
e
e
x
is
ten
ce
o
f
r
eso
u
r
ce
b
r
o
k
er
,
th
e
r
eso
u
r
ce
b
r
o
k
er
c
an
co
m
p
lete
th
e
w
h
o
le
p
r
o
ce
s
s
ac
co
r
d
in
g
to
th
e
g
i
v
en
i
n
f
o
r
m
at
io
n
f
r
o
m
b
o
t
h
p
ar
ties
.
T
h
e
f
lo
w
o
f
C
o
n
te
n
t
-
Aw
ar
e
R
eso
u
r
ce
A
llo
ca
tio
n
M
o
d
el
(
C
A
R
AM
)
is
d
ep
icted
in
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
C
A
R
A
M
f
r
a
m
e
w
o
r
k
As
d
ep
icted
in
Fi
g
u
r
e
1
,
in
C
A
R
AM
m
o
d
el,
t
h
e
i
n
f
o
r
m
atio
n
o
n
b
o
th
t
h
e
co
n
te
n
t
p
o
p
u
lar
it
y
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
a
n
d
t
h
e
d
e
m
a
n
d
o
f
ea
ch
v
id
eo
ar
e
g
at
h
er
ed
f
r
o
m
th
e
s
er
v
ice
p
r
o
v
id
er
.
T
h
is
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
o
n
t
h
e
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
f
r
o
m
ea
c
h
p
h
y
s
ical
n
et
w
o
r
k
i
s
p
r
o
v
id
ed
b
y
t
h
e
r
e
s
o
u
r
ce
s
p
r
o
v
id
er
s
.
T
h
en
,
t
h
e
d
esire
d
o
p
ti
m
izatio
n
to
o
l
is
e
m
p
lo
y
ed
to
co
m
p
u
te
th
e
o
p
ti
m
al
to
p
o
lo
g
y
i
n
clu
d
in
g
t
h
e
r
ep
licatio
n
p
atter
n
.
L
astl
y
,
t
h
e
r
esu
ltan
t
to
p
o
lo
g
y
i
s
p
ass
ed
to
th
e
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
p
r
o
v
id
er
s
o
r
th
e
r
eso
u
r
ce
b
r
o
k
er
to
cr
ea
te
th
e
d
eliv
er
y
n
et
w
o
r
k
.
4.
CO
NT
E
NT
-
AW
ARE R
E
SO
URCE A
L
L
O
C
AT
I
O
N
P
RO
B
L
E
M
F
O
R
M
UL
AT
I
O
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C
o
n
te
n
t
-
a
w
ar
e
R
e
s
o
u
r
ce
A
l
lo
ca
tio
n
p
r
o
b
le
m
o
v
er
t
h
e
p
ee
r
-
s
er
v
ice
ar
ea
ar
ch
itect
u
r
e
ca
n
b
e
m
o
d
eled
as
a
s
et
o
f
in
ter
-
co
n
n
ec
ted
s
er
v
ice
ar
ea
s
.
E
ac
h
s
er
v
ice
ar
ea
co
n
tain
s
a
s
et
o
f
s
er
v
er
s
,
w
h
i
ch
ca
n
b
e
p
h
y
s
ical
s
er
v
er
s
o
r
v
ir
tu
a
l
s
er
v
er
s
.
E
a
ch
s
er
v
er
is
e
x
p
r
ess
ed
b
y
its
p
r
o
ce
s
s
in
g
p
o
w
er
,
s
to
r
ag
e
s
p
ac
e,
an
d
b
an
d
w
id
th
ca
p
ac
it
y
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8708
I
n
t J
E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
,
Vo
l.
9
,
No
.
1
,
Feb
r
u
ar
y
2
0
1
9
:
3
6
9
-
385
374
T
h
is
p
ap
er
c
o
n
s
id
er
s
a
d
eliv
er
y
n
e
t
w
o
r
k
co
m
p
r
is
i
n
g
o
f
A
i
n
ter
co
n
n
ec
ted
s
er
v
ice
a
r
ea
s
w
it
h
p
o
ten
tial
lo
ca
tio
n
s
in
ea
c
h
s
e
r
v
ice
ar
ea
.
E
ac
h
p
o
ten
tial
lo
c
atio
n
is
w
it
h
k
n
o
w
n
s
to
r
ag
e
c
ap
ac
it
y
,
p
r
o
ce
s
s
in
g
p
o
w
er
,
b
an
d
w
id
t
h
,
an
d
L
o
ad
ca
p
ac
ity
.
Mo
r
eo
v
er
,
ea
ch
p
o
ten
tial
lo
ca
tio
n
ad
v
e
r
tis
es
t
h
e
co
s
t
o
f
s
to
r
ag
e
u
n
i
t
,
b
an
d
w
id
th
u
n
it
,
an
d
C
PU
co
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
u
n
it
.
L
et
th
er
e
b
e
a
s
et
o
f
Vid
eo
co
n
ten
ts
N.
T
h
e
s
ize
o
f
ea
ch
o
b
j
ec
t
is
d
en
o
ted
b
y
an
d
m
ea
s
u
r
ed
in
Me
g
ab
y
tes
(
MB
)
.
E
ac
h
o
b
j
ec
t
i
is
ass
o
ciate
d
w
it
h
its
p
r
o
ce
s
s
i
n
g
p
o
w
er
,
b
an
d
w
id
t
h
,
ex
p
ec
ted
lo
ad
,
an
d
p
o
p
u
lar
ity
v
al
u
e
p
i
∈
[
0
,
1
]
.
E
ac
h
o
b
j
ec
t
h
as
a
p
o
s
s
ib
il
it
y
t
o
b
e
r
ep
licated
am
o
n
g
th
e
s
er
v
ice
ar
ea
o
r
r
eq
u
ested
f
r
o
m
a
n
o
th
er
s
er
v
ice
ar
ea
b
ased
o
n
its
p
o
p
u
lar
it
y
a
n
d
th
e
tr
ad
e
-
o
f
f
b
et
w
ee
n
t
h
e
h
o
s
ti
n
g
co
s
t
an
d
r
ed
ir
ec
tio
n
co
s
t.
I
n
th
e
co
s
t
esti
m
at
io
n
s
tag
e
o
f
C
o
n
te
n
t
-
Aw
ar
e
R
e
s
o
u
r
ce
Allo
ca
tio
n
Mo
d
el
(
C
A
R
A
M)
,
it
is
n
ec
es
s
ar
y
to
d
is
ti
n
g
u
i
s
h
b
et
w
ee
n
t
w
o
ter
m
s
s
er
v
er
in
i
tiatio
n
co
s
t (
)
an
d
r
ep
licatio
n
p
atter
n
co
s
t (
).
4
.
1
.
Serv
er
ini
t
ia
t
io
n c
o
s
t
(
)
I
n
C
AR
A
M,
th
e
s
er
v
ice
p
r
o
v
id
er
h
a
s
t
h
e
ab
ilit
y
to
leas
e
th
e
r
e
s
o
u
r
ce
s
f
r
o
m
d
if
f
er
e
n
t
p
h
y
s
ical
n
et
w
o
r
k
p
r
o
v
id
er
s
.
E
ac
h
p
h
y
s
ical
n
e
t
w
o
r
k
p
r
o
v
id
er
h
a
s
o
w
n
p
r
icin
g
p
la
n
f
o
r
lea
s
in
g
t
h
e
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
.
T
h
e
p
r
icin
g
p
lan
i
n
cl
u
d
es
th
e
co
s
t
o
f
co
n
f
i
g
u
r
in
g
t
h
e
s
er
v
er
at
th
e
f
ir
s
t
ti
m
e,
d
ep
lo
y
i
n
g
s
o
f
t
w
ar
e,
an
d
m
ain
ta
in
i
n
g
th
e
s
er
v
er
s
i
n
clu
d
i
n
g
th
e
b
ac
k
u
p
an
d
s
ec
u
r
it
y
[
40
]
.
Fo
r
in
s
t
an
ce
,
in
t
h
e
v
ir
tu
a
l
n
et
w
o
r
k
s
,
th
e
leasi
n
g
co
s
t
C
L
f
o
r
th
e
v
ir
t
u
al
n
e
t
w
o
r
k
i
s
t
h
e
co
s
t
o
f
i
n
itiati
n
g
a
n
d
d
ep
lo
y
i
n
g
t
h
e
ca
n
d
id
ate
lo
ca
tio
n
s
,
w
h
i
ch
a
r
e
s
elec
ted
as
a
v
ir
tu
a
l
s
er
v
er
in
a
ll
s
er
v
ice
ar
ea
s
,
as
in
(
1
)
.
T
h
e
c
o
s
t
r
ep
r
esen
ts
th
e
leasi
n
g
co
s
t
o
f
a
s
er
v
er
j
in
th
e
s
er
v
ice
ar
ea
a.
=
∑
∑
∗
=
1
=
1
(
1
)
Fu
r
t
h
er
m
o
r
e,
aj
is
a
b
in
ar
y
i
n
d
icato
r
to
in
d
icate
w
h
et
h
er
th
e
p
o
ten
tial lo
ca
tio
n
is
s
elec
ted
=
1
o
r
n
o
t
=
1
.
T
o
f
ac
ilit
ate
th
e
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
a
m
o
n
g
th
e
s
er
v
ice
ar
ea
s
,
th
e
s
er
v
ice
ar
ea
s
ar
e
co
n
n
ec
ted
v
ia
in
ter
-
s
er
v
ice
ar
ea
s
li
n
k
s
.
T
h
ese
lin
k
s
e
n
ab
le
t
h
e
d
is
p
atch
e
r
in
an
y
s
er
v
ice
ar
ea
to
r
ed
ir
ec
t
th
e
r
eq
u
est
s
tar
g
eti
n
g
t
h
e
u
n
a
v
ailab
le
co
n
t
en
ts
to
o
th
er
s
er
v
ice
ar
ea
s
.
T
h
e
co
s
t
o
f
t
h
ese
lin
k
s
ca
n
b
e
o
b
tain
ed
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
r
ed
ir
ec
tio
n
p
r
o
ce
s
s
in
th
e
r
ep
li
ca
tio
n
p
atter
n
as
w
il
l b
e
ex
p
lai
n
ed
in
t
h
e
n
e
x
t s
u
b
-
s
ec
tio
n
.
4
.
2
.
R
eplica
t
io
n
pa
t
t
er
n c
o
s
t
(
)
T
h
e
co
n
ten
ts
r
ep
licatio
n
r
ep
r
e
s
en
t
s
a
ch
alle
n
g
e
i
n
C
AR
A
M.
I
n
th
i
s
s
tep
,
th
e
co
n
ten
t
r
ep
licatio
n
co
s
t
m
u
s
t
b
e
en
v
is
a
g
ed
.
T
h
e
r
ep
lica
p
lace
m
en
t
p
r
o
b
le
m
s
h
o
u
ld
b
e
ex
ten
d
ed
to
in
cl
u
d
e
th
e
co
s
t
o
f
o
th
er
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
.
T
h
e
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
c
o
s
t
i
n
cl
u
d
es
t
h
e
co
s
t
o
f
s
to
r
ag
e,
p
r
o
ce
s
s
i
n
g
p
o
w
er
,
a
n
d
b
an
d
w
id
th
f
o
r
h
o
s
ti
n
g
th
e
p
o
p
u
lar
co
n
ten
t
s
.
B
esid
es,
th
e
co
s
t
o
f
co
n
ten
ts
r
ed
ir
ec
tio
n
is
in
cl
u
d
ed
.
R
ed
ir
ec
tio
n
co
s
t
d
eter
m
i
n
es
th
e
co
s
t
o
f
r
eq
u
esti
n
g
u
n
p
o
p
u
lar
co
n
te
n
t
f
r
o
m
o
th
er
s
er
v
ice
ar
ea
s
i
n
ca
s
e
o
f
n
o
t
r
ep
licatin
g
it
d
u
e
to
th
e
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
li
m
ita
tio
n
s
.
T
h
e
f
o
llo
w
i
n
g
eq
u
atio
n
ex
p
lai
n
s
t
h
e
r
ep
licatio
n
p
atter
n
co
s
t b
ased
o
n
th
e
ab
o
v
e
illu
s
tr
atio
n
.
=
∑
∑
∑
(
+
+
)
+
∈
∈
∈
∑
∑
∑
(
1
−
)
∈
∈
∈
(
2
)
T
h
e
f
ir
s
t
p
ar
t
o
f
(
2
)
d
e
p
icts
th
e
h
o
s
ti
n
g
co
s
t
o
f
co
n
ten
ts
i
n
s
i
d
e
th
e
s
er
v
ice
ar
ea
in
cl
u
d
in
g
t
h
e
s
to
r
ag
e
co
s
t
m
i
S
j
,
th
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
in
g
p
o
w
er
co
n
s
u
m
p
t
io
n
co
s
t
c
i
δ
,
an
d
th
e
b
an
d
w
id
t
h
co
s
t
b
i
β
j
.
On
th
e
o
th
er
h
an
d
,
th
e
s
ec
o
n
d
p
ar
t
s
h
o
w
s
t
h
e
tr
a
n
s
m
is
s
io
n
co
s
t
o
f
t
h
e
s
tr
ea
m
s
th
a
t
h
av
e
to
b
e
r
ed
ir
ec
ted
f
o
r
n
o
n
-
e
x
i
s
ten
t
co
n
te
n
t
s
in
s
id
e
t
h
e
s
er
v
ice
ar
ea
.
T
o
e
s
ti
m
ate
t
h
e
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
co
s
t
,
th
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
s
tr
ea
m
s
is
c
alcu
lated
f
ir
s
tl
y
b
y
d
iv
id
in
g
th
e
s
iz
e
o
f
r
ed
ir
ec
ted
o
b
j
ec
t
b
y
th
e
b
it
r
ate
.
Nex
t,
th
e
b
an
d
w
id
th
u
n
it
co
s
t
o
f
th
e
s
e
r
v
ice
ar
ea
is
p
r
o
v
id
ed
an
d
m
u
ltip
lied
b
y
th
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
s
tr
ea
m
s
f
o
r
r
ed
ir
ec
ted
o
b
j
ec
ts
to
ca
lcu
late
th
e
r
ed
ir
ec
tio
n
co
s
t.
T
h
e
in
cl
u
s
io
n
o
f
p
o
p
u
lar
it
y
v
al
u
e
o
f
r
ed
ir
ec
ted
o
b
j
ec
t
in
t
h
e
s
ec
o
n
d
p
ar
t
o
f
th
is
eq
u
a
tio
n
i
s
i
m
p
o
r
ta
n
t
to
co
n
tr
o
l
w
h
ic
h
co
n
ten
t
s
s
h
o
u
ld
b
e
r
ed
i
r
ec
ted
.
On
ly
t
h
e
lo
w
p
o
p
u
lar
co
n
ten
t
s
ca
n
b
e
r
ed
ir
ec
ted
d
u
e
to
th
eir
lo
w
r
ed
ir
ec
tio
n
co
s
t.
Up
o
n
co
m
p
letio
n
o
f
C
AR
A
M
p
r
o
ce
s
s
,
th
e
o
p
ti
m
al
to
p
o
lo
g
y
ca
n
b
e
id
en
ti
f
ied
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
t
h
e
f
o
llo
w
in
g
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
t
s
:
1.
Ser
v
er
s
an
d
R
e
s
o
u
r
ce
s
–
A
s
er
v
er
is
d
ef
i
n
ed
th
r
o
u
g
h
it
s
lo
ca
tio
n
,
th
e
allo
ca
ted
co
m
p
u
tatio
n
p
o
w
er
,
s
to
r
ag
e
s
p
ac
e
an
d
b
an
d
w
id
th
.
T
h
e
s
e
r
v
er
’
s
b
an
d
w
id
t
h
is
allo
ca
ted
f
o
r
d
eliv
er
in
g
t
h
e
co
n
ten
ts
t
o
th
e
en
d
-
u
s
er
s
.
T
h
u
s
,
it
is
d
i
m
en
s
io
n
ed
b
ased
o
n
th
e
a
g
g
r
e
g
ated
a
m
o
u
n
t
o
f
r
eq
u
ests
tar
g
e
tin
g
t
h
e
co
n
te
n
ts
s
to
r
ed
in
t
h
is
s
er
v
er
.
2.
R
ep
licatio
n
P
atter
n
-
T
h
e
co
n
ten
ts
ar
e
r
ep
licated
ac
co
r
d
in
g
to
th
eir
p
o
p
u
lar
ity
a
n
d
ex
p
ec
t
ed
lo
ad
s
u
ch
as
th
e
p
o
p
u
lar
co
n
ten
t
s
ca
n
b
e
r
ep
licated
in
th
e
s
er
v
ice
ar
ea
w
h
ile,
t
h
e
lo
w
p
o
p
u
lar
c
o
n
ten
t
s
ca
n
b
e
r
ed
ir
ec
te
d
to
th
e
o
th
er
s
er
v
ice
ar
ea
.
Fo
r
th
at,
th
e
r
ep
licatio
n
p
atter
n
d
eter
m
i
n
es
t
h
e
r
ep
licat
ed
co
n
ten
ts
,
t
h
e
r
ep
licatio
n
d
eg
r
ee
,
an
d
th
e
r
ed
ir
ec
ted
co
n
ten
ts
,
as
w
e
ll.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J
E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
I
SS
N:
2
0
8
8
-
8708
C
o
n
ten
t
-
a
w
a
r
e
r
eso
u
r
ce
a
llo
ca
tio
n
mo
d
el
f
o
r
I
P
TV
d
elive
r
y
n
etw
o
r
ks
(
S
u
lima
n
M.
F
a
ti
)
375
4
.
3
.
Dec
is
io
n v
a
ria
bles
I
n
f
ac
t,
t
h
er
e
ar
e
t
w
o
b
i
n
ar
y
d
ec
is
io
n
v
ar
iab
les
ar
e
i
n
tr
o
d
u
ce
d
to
f
o
r
m
u
late
th
e
co
n
ten
t
-
a
w
ar
e
r
eso
u
r
ce
allo
ca
tio
n
p
r
o
b
lem
.
T
h
e
f
ir
s
t
b
in
ar
y
v
ar
iab
le
a
is
e
m
p
lo
y
ed
to
d
ec
id
e
w
h
ic
h
p
o
ten
tial
lo
ca
tio
n
m
u
s
t b
e
b
elo
n
g
ed
w
it
h
i
n
th
e
o
p
ti
m
al
to
p
o
lo
g
y
w
h
ile,
t
h
e
s
ec
o
n
d
o
n
e
j
a
to
g
o
v
er
n
th
e
r
ep
licatio
n
p
atter
n
.
=
{
1
0
ℎ
(
3
)
=
{
1
0
ℎ
(
4
)
I
n
f
ac
t,
t
h
e
t
w
o
b
in
ar
y
d
ec
is
io
n
v
ar
iab
les
ar
e
r
elate
d
to
ea
ch
o
t
h
er
an
d
af
f
ec
t
ed
b
y
e
ac
h
o
t
h
er
.
Fo
r
in
s
ta
n
ce
,
t
h
ese
t
w
o
v
ar
ia
b
les
d
eter
m
i
n
e
t
h
e
p
o
ten
tia
l
l
o
ca
tio
n
s
t
h
at
s
h
o
u
ld
b
e
s
elec
t
ed
ac
co
r
d
in
g
to
t
h
e
m
i
n
i
m
u
m
co
s
t
o
f
t
h
e
r
ep
licatio
n
s
ch
e
m
e,
at
th
e
s
a
m
e
ti
m
e;
t
h
e
y
d
ec
id
e
w
h
et
h
er
th
e
co
n
te
n
ts
ca
n
b
e
r
ep
licated
in
a
p
o
ten
ti
al
lo
ca
tio
n
o
r
n
o
t
.
Su
ch
r
elatio
n
s
u
p
p
o
r
ts
th
e
ar
g
u
m
e
n
t
th
at
t
h
e
n
e
t
w
o
r
k
t
o
p
o
lo
g
y
,
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
d
i
m
en
s
io
n
i
n
g
,
an
d
co
n
ten
t
r
ep
licatio
n
s
h
o
u
ld
b
e
co
n
d
u
cted
m
u
t
u
all
y
d
u
e
to
th
e
m
u
t
u
al
i
n
ter
ac
tio
n
b
et
w
ee
n
th
e
m
.
4
.
4
.
T
he
pro
po
s
e
d o
pti
m
iza
t
io
n m
o
de
l
T
h
e
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
allo
ca
tio
n
p
r
o
b
le
m
as
a
co
n
s
tr
ain
ed
b
i
n
ar
y
o
p
ti
m
izatio
n
m
o
d
el
ca
n
b
e
f
o
r
m
u
lated
m
at
h
e
m
a
t
icall
y
as e
x
p
lai
n
ed
i
n
(5
-
1
1
)
.
Min
i
m
ize:
=
+
(
5
)
Su
b
j
ec
t to
∑
≤
∀
∈
,
∀
∈
∈
(
6
)
∑
≤
∀
∈
,
∀
∈
∈
(
7
)
∑
≤
∀
∈
,
∀
∈
∈
(
8
)
∑
≤
∀
∈
,
∀
∈
∈
(
9
)
∑
≤
∀
∈
,
∀
∈
∈
(
1
0
)
∑
=
∗
∀
∈
,
∀
∈
∈
(
1
1
)
∈
[
0
,
1
]
∀
∈
,
∀
∈
,
∀
∈
(
1
2
)
∈
[
0
,
1
]
∀
∈
,
∀
∈
(
1
3
)
=
0
∀
∈
(
1
4
)
≤
,
∈
(
1
5
)
∑
=
=
1
(
1
6
)
I
n
th
is
m
o
d
el,
th
e
co
s
t
f
u
n
ctio
n
is
illu
s
tr
ated
in
(
5
)
as
th
e
s
u
m
o
f
s
er
v
er
in
i
tiatio
n
co
s
t
an
d
r
ep
licatio
n
co
s
t.
C
o
n
s
tr
ai
n
ts
(
6
–
9
)
en
f
o
r
ce
th
e
ca
p
ac
ity
o
f
s
er
v
er
s
in
ter
m
s
o
f
s
to
r
ag
e,
p
r
o
ce
s
s
in
g
p
o
w
er
,
b
an
d
w
id
t
h
,
an
d
w
o
r
k
lo
ad
,
r
esp
e
cti
v
el
y
.
T
h
es
e
co
n
s
tr
ai
n
ts
(
6
–
9
)
s
tate
t
h
at
th
e
to
tal
s
to
r
ag
e
s
p
ac
e,
p
r
o
ce
s
s
in
g
p
o
w
er
,
b
an
d
w
id
t
h
,
an
d
w
o
r
k
lo
ad
o
f
all
co
n
ten
ts
r
ep
licated
at
s
er
v
er
j
s
h
o
u
ld
n
o
t
ex
ce
ed
th
is
s
er
v
er
ca
p
ac
it
y
.
T
h
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
co
p
ies
f
o
r
co
n
ten
t
i
in
s
id
e
a
s
er
v
ice
ar
ea
h
as
to
b
e
less
t
h
a
n
o
r
eq
u
al
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
s
elec
ted
p
o
ten
tial
s
er
v
er
s
P
in
th
at
s
er
v
ice
ar
ea
as
d
ep
icted
i
n
eq
u
a
tio
n
(
1
0
)
.
I
n
ad
d
itio
n
,
th
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
co
p
ies
f
o
r
co
n
ten
t
i
s
h
o
u
ld
b
e
b
o
u
n
d
ed
b
y
i
ts
p
o
p
u
lar
it
y
v
alu
e
as
d
ep
i
cted
in
eq
u
atio
n
(
1
1
)
.
T
h
e
in
teg
r
alit
y
a
n
d
n
o
n
-
n
eg
a
t
iv
i
t
y
co
n
s
tr
ain
t
s
ar
e
p
r
es
en
ted
i
n
eq
u
a
tio
n
s
(
1
2
-
1
4
)
.
T
h
e
co
n
te
n
ts
s
h
o
u
ld
n
o
t
b
e
r
ep
li
ca
ted
o
n
a
p
o
te
n
tial
s
er
v
er
u
n
le
s
s
t
h
i
s
p
o
ten
tial
lo
ca
tio
n
is
s
elec
ted
as
a
s
er
v
er
ac
co
r
d
in
g
to
eq
u
atio
n
(
1
5
)
.
I
n
o
th
er
w
o
r
d
s
,
t
h
e
co
n
ten
t
s
w
ill
n
o
t
r
ep
licate
o
n
a
s
ite
j
u
n
les
s
th
is
s
i
te
is
s
e
lect
ed
as
a
s
er
v
er
.
Fin
all
y
,
t
h
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
s
er
v
er
s
t
h
at
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8708
I
n
t J
E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
,
Vo
l.
9
,
No
.
1
,
Feb
r
u
ar
y
2
0
1
9
:
3
6
9
-
385
376
s
h
o
u
ld
b
e
s
elec
ted
i
n
a
n
y
s
er
v
ice
ar
ea
s
h
o
u
ld
b
e
b
o
u
n
d
ed
b
y
a
p
r
e
d
ef
i
n
ed
n
u
m
b
er
P
as
in
(
1
6
)
w
h
er
e
P
is
a
p
r
ed
ef
in
ed
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
lo
ca
tio
n
s
in
t
h
e
s
er
v
ice
ar
ea
.
4
.
5
.
T
he
co
m
ple
x
it
y
o
f
t
he
pro
po
s
ed
o
pti
m
iza
t
io
n
m
o
del
T
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
o
p
tim
iza
tio
n
m
o
d
el
f
o
r
C
o
n
te
n
t
-
Aw
ar
e
R
eso
u
r
ce
A
llo
ca
tio
n
p
r
o
b
le
m
is
a
co
m
b
i
n
ato
r
ial
o
p
ti
m
izatio
n
p
r
o
b
lem
a
n
d
b
elo
n
g
s
to
NP
-
co
m
p
lete
clas
s
.
W
e
ca
n
p
r
o
v
e
t
h
e
co
m
p
lete
n
es
s
o
f
th
is
p
r
o
b
le
m
b
y
co
n
s
id
er
i
n
g
t
h
e
w
h
o
le
n
et
w
o
r
k
co
n
s
is
ts
o
f
a
s
in
g
le
s
er
v
ice
ar
ea
w
ith
a
s
i
n
g
le
s
er
v
er
,
w
h
ich
allo
ca
tes
all
t
h
e
o
b
j
ec
ts
.
Mo
r
eo
v
er
,
w
e
as
s
u
m
e
th
at
t
h
e
r
es
o
u
r
ce
s
co
s
t,
ex
ce
p
t
t
h
e
s
to
r
ag
e
co
s
t,
eq
u
als
ze
r
o
.
A
cc
o
r
d
in
g
to
th
ese
a
s
s
u
m
p
t
io
n
s
,
t
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
o
p
tim
iza
tio
n
p
r
o
b
l
em
w
ill b
e
w
r
itte
n
m
at
h
e
m
atica
ll
y
as
.
Min
i
m
ize:
=
∑
∈
(
1
7
)
Su
b
j
ec
t to
∑
≤
∀
∈
,
∀
∈
∈
(
1
8
)
T
h
e
s
i
m
p
li
f
ied
f
o
r
m
o
f
th
is
p
r
o
b
lem
is
s
i
m
ilar
to
th
e
w
ell
-
k
n
o
w
n
k
n
ap
s
ac
k
p
r
o
b
lem
,
wh
ich
is
a
n
NP
-
co
m
p
let
e
p
r
o
b
lem
[
4
0
]
.
Fo
r
clar
ity
,
th
e
k
n
ap
s
ac
k
p
r
o
b
le
m
tr
ies
to
m
i
n
i
m
ize/
m
a
x
i
m
iz
e
a
ce
r
tain
q
u
an
tit
y
w
it
h
r
esp
ec
t
to
s
o
m
e
co
n
s
tr
ai
n
ts
.
Fo
r
i
n
s
ta
n
ce
,
t
h
e
k
n
ap
s
ac
k
p
r
o
b
le
m
ai
m
s
at
m
a
x
i
m
izi
n
g
t
h
e
o
b
tai
n
ed
p
r
o
f
it
o
r
m
i
n
i
m
izi
n
g
th
e
co
s
t
w
i
th
o
u
t e
x
ce
ed
in
g
t
h
e
k
n
ap
s
ac
k
ca
p
a
cit
y
.
Si
m
ilar
l
y
,
C
AR
A
p
r
o
b
lem
ai
m
s
to
m
in
i
m
ize
th
e
allo
ca
tio
n
co
s
t
w
i
th
r
esp
ec
t to
s
o
m
e
en
f
o
r
ce
d
co
n
s
tr
ain
t
s
.
5.
H
YB
RID G
E
NE
T
I
C
AL
G
O
RIT
H
M
F
O
R
SO
L
VIN
G
C
ARA
P
RO
B
L
E
M
(
H
G
A_
CARA
)
T
h
er
e
is
n
o
alg
o
r
ith
m
w
it
h
a
p
o
ly
n
o
m
ia
l
ti
m
e
co
m
p
le
x
it
y
c
an
s
o
lv
e
t
h
e
NP
-
co
m
p
lete
co
m
b
in
ato
r
ial
o
p
tim
izatio
n
p
r
o
b
le
m
s
.
On
th
e
o
th
er
s
id
e,
ap
p
l
y
i
n
g
th
e
ev
o
l
u
tio
n
ar
y
al
g
o
r
ith
m
s
is
a
g
o
o
d
c
h
o
ice
to
s
o
l
v
e
s
u
ch
p
r
o
b
lem
s
.
T
h
u
s
,
w
e
i
n
te
g
r
ate
th
e
Ge
n
etic
Alg
o
r
it
h
m
w
it
h
t
w
o
h
eu
r
i
s
tic
r
ep
air
alg
o
r
it
h
m
s
to
s
o
lv
e
C
AR
A
p
r
o
b
lem
.
S
u
ch
in
te
g
r
atio
n
r
ed
u
ce
s
t
h
e
s
ea
r
c
h
s
p
ac
e
an
d
i
m
p
r
o
v
es
t
h
e
ab
ilit
y
o
f
t
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
m
o
d
el
to
p
r
o
d
u
ce
o
p
tim
al
s
o
l
u
tio
n
s
ef
f
i
cien
tl
y
.
5
.
1
.
H
euristic
re
pa
ir
a
lg
o
rit
h
m
s
T
h
e
p
r
o
b
lem
o
f
p
r
o
d
u
cin
g
i
n
f
ea
s
ib
le
ch
r
o
m
o
s
o
m
e
ca
n
b
e
s
o
lv
ed
b
y
i
n
co
r
p
o
r
atin
g
p
r
o
b
lem
-
s
p
ec
i
f
ic
k
n
o
w
led
g
e.
Fo
r
C
AR
A
p
r
o
b
le
m
,
w
e
h
a
v
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
tw
o
h
eu
r
is
tic
r
ep
air
m
et
h
o
d
s
.
T
h
e
f
ir
s
t
o
n
e,
ca
lled
R
estricte
d
Sear
ch
Op
er
ato
r
(
R
SO)
,
is
to
ch
o
o
s
e
a
ce
r
tain
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
s
er
v
er
s
i
n
ea
ch
s
er
v
ic
e
a
r
ea
b
ased
o
n
t
h
e
co
n
s
tr
ain
t
1
6
.
T
h
e
s
ec
o
n
d
o
n
e,
ca
lled
Heu
r
is
tic
R
ep
lica
R
ep
air
(
HR
R
)
alg
o
r
ith
m
is
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
to
c
o
n
tr
o
l
th
e
r
ep
lica
p
lace
m
e
n
t c
o
n
s
tr
ain
t
s
.
5
.
2
.
Rest
rict
ed
s
ea
rc
h o
pera
t
o
r
(
RSO
)
I
n
m
a
n
y
co
m
b
i
n
ato
r
ial
o
p
ti
m
i
za
tio
n
p
r
o
b
lem
s
,
t
h
er
e
is
a
n
e
ed
to
d
ea
l
w
it
h
ch
r
o
m
o
s
o
m
es
th
at
h
o
ld
a
s
p
ec
if
ied
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
o
n
es;
f
o
r
ex
a
m
p
le
t
h
e
p
r
o
b
le
m
o
f
s
ele
ctin
g
a
s
u
b
s
et
o
f
ca
n
d
id
ate
lo
ca
tio
n
s
to
f
in
d
th
e
o
p
tim
a
l
s
o
l
u
tio
n
,
as
in
C
AR
A
p
r
o
b
lem
.
I
n
t
h
i
s
ca
s
e,
th
e
in
d
i
v
id
u
al
s
,
w
h
ic
h
h
av
e
m
o
r
e
o
r
less
t
h
a
n
t
h
e
s
p
ec
if
ied
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
o
n
es,
w
il
l
b
e
r
ej
ec
ted
.
T
h
u
s
,
R
e
s
tr
icted
Sear
ch
Op
er
ato
r
(
R
SO)
is
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
to
d
ea
l
w
ith
th
is
co
n
s
tr
ain
t.
A
cc
o
r
d
in
g
to
[
4
3
]
,
R
SO
w
as
f
ir
s
tl
y
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
b
y
Salced
o
-
San
z
in
2
0
0
4
;
n
ex
t
it
is
co
n
s
id
er
ed
an
ex
tr
a
o
p
er
ato
r
ad
d
ed
to
t
h
e
co
n
v
en
tio
n
al
G
A
.
T
h
e
id
e
a
o
f
R
S
O
is
t
h
at
t
h
e
i
n
d
iv
i
d
u
al
g
en
er
ated
f
r
o
m
cr
o
s
s
o
v
er
an
d
m
u
tatio
n
o
p
er
ato
r
s
m
a
y
h
o
ld
o
n
es.
T
h
e
s
e
o
n
es
m
a
y
b
e
d
i
f
f
er
e
n
t
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
d
esire
d
n
u
m
b
er
,
th
u
s
,
i
f
<
th
e
R
SO
ad
d
s
−
o
n
es
in
r
an
d
o
m
l
y
c
h
o
s
e
n
p
o
s
itio
n
s
.
O
n
th
e
o
t
h
er
s
id
e,
if
>
th
e
R
SO
s
elec
t
s
−
o
n
e
s
r
an
d
o
m
l
y
to
b
e
r
em
o
v
ed
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
b
in
ar
y
v
ec
to
r
.
T
h
e
f
o
llo
w
in
g
P
s
eu
d
o
-
co
d
e
d
escr
ib
es th
e
R
e
s
tr
icted
Sear
ch
Op
er
ato
r
.
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
R
estricte
d
s
ea
r
ch
o
p
er
ato
r
[
4
2
]
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J
E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
I
SS
N:
2
0
8
8
-
8708
C
o
n
ten
t
-
a
w
a
r
e
r
eso
u
r
ce
a
llo
ca
tio
n
mo
d
el
f
o
r
I
P
TV
d
elive
r
y
n
etw
o
r
ks
(
S
u
lima
n
M.
F
a
ti
)
377
I
n
C
AR
A
p
r
o
b
lem
,
t
h
e
r
e
s
tr
ic
ted
s
ea
r
ch
al
g
o
r
ith
m
is
ad
ap
te
d
to
ch
o
o
s
e
a
ce
r
tai
n
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
s
er
v
er
s
w
h
er
e
ea
c
h
s
er
v
er
i
s
r
ep
r
esen
ted
as
a
s
tr
i
n
g
o
f
b
in
ar
y
v
al
u
es
i
n
s
tead
o
f
a
s
et
o
f
g
e
n
es.
I
n
o
t
h
er
w
o
r
d
s
,
t
h
e
r
estricte
d
s
ea
r
ch
o
p
er
ato
r
in
th
e
r
eso
u
r
ce
allo
ca
tio
n
ca
s
e
w
i
ll
w
o
r
k
o
n
a
s
et
o
f
b
u
l
k
s
i
n
s
tea
d
o
f
a
s
et
o
f
g
en
e
s
;
ea
ch
b
u
l
k
i
n
th
is
ca
s
e
co
n
s
i
s
t
s
o
f
a
s
et
o
f
s
eq
u
en
tia
l
g
e
n
es
.
A
s
w
ill
b
e
ex
p
lai
n
ed
th
r
o
u
g
h
th
is
p
ap
er
,
ea
ch
p
o
ten
tial
lo
ca
tio
n
in
t
h
e
s
er
v
i
ce
ar
ea
co
n
s
is
t
s
o
f
a
s
et
o
f
s
e
q
u
en
tial
g
e
n
es
s
tar
ti
n
g
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
g
e
n
e
n
u
m
b
er
(
(
−
1
)
∗
+
(
−
1
)
)
∗
+
1
an
d
en
d
i
n
g
w
it
h
t
h
e
g
e
n
e
n
u
m
b
er
(
(
−
1
)
∗
+
(
−
1
)
)
∗
+
.
T
h
e
r
estricte
d
s
ea
r
ch
o
p
er
at
o
r
r
ep
r
esen
ts
th
e
co
n
s
tr
ain
t
1
6
as
f
o
llo
w
s
:
d
ep
en
d
in
g
o
n
th
e
p
r
ed
ef
in
ed
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
lo
ca
tio
n
s
,
th
e
r
estricte
d
s
ea
r
ch
o
p
er
ato
r
w
ill
ch
o
o
s
e
r
a
n
d
o
m
l
y
P
b
u
l
k
s
in
ea
c
h
s
er
v
ice
ar
ea
to
b
e
u
n
c
h
a
n
g
ea
b
le.
A
f
ter
th
at,
th
e
r
est
b
u
lk
s
i
n
th
e
s
er
v
ice
ar
ea
w
il
l
b
e
ch
an
g
e
to
ze
r
o
.
T
h
u
s
,
if
th
e
v
al
u
e
o
f
all
ce
lls
f
o
r
an
y
lo
ca
tio
n
eq
u
al
ze
r
o
,
th
is
lo
ca
tio
n
w
ill
n
o
t
b
e
s
e
lecte
d
to
b
e
s
er
v
e
r
.
A
f
ter
ap
p
ly
in
g
t
h
e
r
estricte
d
s
ea
r
ch
o
p
er
ato
r
(
R
SO)
,
w
h
ic
h
d
eter
m
in
e
s
t
h
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
s
elec
ted
s
er
v
er
s
,
HR
R
al
g
o
r
ith
m
c
h
ec
k
s
ea
c
h
ch
r
o
m
o
s
o
m
e
b
y
co
u
n
ti
n
g
th
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
r
ep
licas
f
o
r
ea
ch
v
i
d
eo
in
th
e
s
elec
ted
s
er
v
er
s
th
a
t
ar
e
p
r
o
d
u
ce
d
f
r
o
m
R
SO p
r
o
ce
s
s
.
5
.
3
.
H
y
brid
g
enet
ic
a
lg
o
rit
h
m
f
o
r
CARA
pro
ble
m
(
H
G
A_
CA
RA)
T
o
s
o
lv
e
C
A
R
A
p
r
o
b
lem
,
t
h
e
g
en
e
tic
al
g
o
r
ith
m
i
s
h
y
b
r
id
ized
w
it
h
t
w
o
r
ep
air
al
g
o
r
ith
m
s
.
I
n
t
h
i
s
h
y
b
r
id
m
o
d
el,
t
h
e
o
b
j
ec
tiv
e
f
u
n
ctio
n
i
s
to
m
in
i
m
ize
th
e
h
o
s
ti
n
g
co
s
t
(
i.e
.
eq
u
atio
n
5
)
w
it
h
r
esp
ec
t
to
th
e
li
s
ted
co
n
s
tr
ain
ts
.
I
n
C
AR
A
p
r
o
b
le
m
,
t
h
er
e
ar
e
a
s
et
o
f
ca
n
d
id
ate
lo
ca
tio
n
s
t
o
co
n
s
tr
u
c
t
s
er
v
er
s
in
ea
c
h
s
e
r
v
ice
ar
ea
.
T
h
e
ai
m
i
s
to
s
elec
t
a
s
u
b
s
et
o
f
t
h
ese
lo
ca
tio
n
s
to
r
ep
licate
th
e
co
n
te
n
ts
o
v
er
t
h
e
m
b
ased
o
n
p
r
ed
ef
i
n
ed
cr
iter
ia.
Fo
r
th
is
p
r
o
b
le
m
,
t
h
e
b
in
ar
y
e
n
co
d
in
g
f
o
r
t
h
e
c
h
r
o
m
o
s
o
m
es i
s
e
x
p
lo
ited
.
I
n
s
u
ch
b
in
ar
y
e
n
co
d
in
g
,
t
h
e
ch
r
o
m
o
s
o
m
e
is
r
ep
r
ese
n
ted
as
a
s
tr
i
n
g
o
f
o
n
e
s
a
n
d
ze
r
o
s
.
T
h
is
b
in
ar
y
s
tr
in
g
r
ep
r
es
en
ts
th
e
ca
n
d
id
ate
s
o
lu
tio
n
s
,
in
w
h
ic
h
ea
ch
ce
ll
in
d
icate
s
f
o
r
th
e
r
ep
lica
p
o
s
itio
n
in
t
h
e
s
er
v
ice
ar
ea
.
T
h
e
to
tal
len
g
t
h
o
f
t
h
e
ch
r
o
m
o
s
o
m
e
i
s
A
∗
PL
a
∗
N
w
h
er
e
A
r
ep
r
e
s
en
t
s
th
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
s
er
v
ice
a
r
ea
s
,
PL
a
in
d
icate
s
to
th
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
ca
n
d
id
ate
lo
ca
tio
n
s
i
n
th
e
s
er
v
ice
ar
ea
,
an
d
N
d
en
o
tes th
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
co
n
ten
ts
.
Fo
r
in
s
tan
ce
,
i
f
t
h
e
d
eli
v
er
y
n
et
w
o
r
k
co
m
p
r
is
in
g
o
f
2
s
er
v
ic
e
ar
ea
s
w
i
th
t
w
o
p
o
ten
tial
lo
ca
tio
n
s
f
o
r
ea
ch
an
d
th
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
co
n
t
en
ts
eq
u
al
s
to
5
,
th
en
th
e
to
t
al
len
g
t
h
o
f
c
h
r
o
m
o
s
o
m
e
eq
u
als
to
2
0
g
en
es,
as
d
ep
icted
in
Fi
g
u
r
e
3
.
E
ac
h
ce
l
l
in
t
h
e
c
h
r
o
m
o
s
o
m
e
h
o
ld
s
a
b
in
ar
y
v
al
u
e
x
i
ja
∈
{
0
,
1
}
th
at
in
d
icate
s
w
h
eth
er
o
r
n
o
t
an
o
b
j
ec
t
i
is
r
ep
licated
at
th
e
s
e
r
v
er
j
in
s
id
e
t
h
e
s
er
v
ice
ar
ea
a.
T
h
e
p
o
s
itio
n
o
f
an
y
g
e
n
e
ca
n
b
e
id
e
n
ti
f
ied
acc
o
r
d
in
g
to
th
e
f
o
llo
w
i
n
g
(
2
0
)
.
(
)
=
(
(
−
1
)
∗
+
(
−
1
)
)
∗
+
(
2
0
)
Fig
u
r
e
3.
C
h
r
o
m
o
s
o
m
e
r
ep
r
esen
tatio
n
f
o
r
C
AR
A
p
r
o
b
lem
Fo
r
ex
a
m
p
le,
t
h
e
g
e
n
e
1
3
h
o
ld
s
a
r
ep
lica
f
o
r
th
e
3
r
d
co
n
ten
t i
n
to
th
e
f
ir
s
t
s
er
v
er
i
n
th
e
s
ec
o
n
d
s
er
v
ic
e
ar
ea
ac
co
r
d
in
g
to
Fig
u
r
e
3
.
W
e
ca
n
f
i
n
d
th
i
s
g
e
n
e
u
s
i
n
g
eq
u
atio
n
(
2
0
)
.
(
3
,
1
,
2
)
=
(
(
2
−
1
)
∗
2
+
(
1
−
1
)
)
∗
5
+
3
=
10
+
3
=
13
.
T
h
e
p
o
ten
tial
lo
ca
tio
n
in
th
e
s
er
v
i
ce
ar
ea
h
o
ld
s
th
e
g
en
e
s
f
r
o
m
(
(
−
1
)
∗
+
(
−
1
)
)
∗
+
1
to
(
(
−
1
)
∗
+
(
−
1
)
)
∗
+
N
.
Fo
r
in
s
tan
ce
,
if
t
h
er
e
ar
e
2
0
co
n
ten
t
s
to
b
e
r
ep
licated
o
v
er
a
d
eliv
er
y
n
et
w
o
r
k
w
it
h
5
s
er
v
ice
ar
ea
s
,
ea
c
h
ar
ea
co
n
tain
s
4
s
er
v
er
s
.
T
h
e
to
tal
len
g
th
o
f
th
e
C
AR
A
p
r
o
b
le
m
ch
r
o
m
o
s
o
m
e
w
ill b
e
4
*
5
*
2
0
=
4
0
0
g
en
es.
T
h
e
th
ir
d
s
er
v
er
i
n
th
e
s
ec
o
n
d
s
er
v
ice
ar
ea
w
ill b
e
r
ep
r
esen
ted
b
y
th
e
g
en
e
s
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
p
o
s
itio
n
1
2
1
to
th
e
p
o
s
itio
n
1
4
0
.
T
h
e
in
itial
p
o
p
u
latio
n
o
f
th
i
s
p
r
o
b
lem
is
g
en
er
ated
r
an
d
o
m
l
y
b
y
s
elec
t
in
g
a
r
an
d
o
m
b
i
n
ar
y
n
u
m
b
er
f
o
r
ea
ch
g
en
e
in
th
e
ch
r
o
m
o
s
o
m
e.
Du
r
i
n
g
t
h
e
ev
o
l
u
tio
n
p
r
o
ce
s
s
,
th
e
r
o
u
lette
w
h
ee
l
s
ele
ctio
n
tec
h
n
iq
u
e
is
i
m
p
le
m
en
ted
to
s
elec
t
t
w
o
c
h
r
o
m
o
s
o
m
es
at
ea
ch
ti
m
e.
T
h
e
u
n
if
o
r
m
cr
o
s
s
o
v
er
o
p
er
at
o
r
w
it
h
a
s
ta
n
d
ar
d
cr
o
s
s
o
v
er
p
r
o
b
ab
ilit
y
is
ap
p
lie
d
o
n
th
e
s
elec
ted
p
ai
r
.
Af
ter
t
h
at,
th
e
r
ep
r
o
d
u
ce
d
o
f
f
s
p
r
in
g
ar
e
m
u
tated
,
w
i
th
a
n
ex
tr
e
m
e
l
y
s
m
all
m
u
tat
io
n
p
r
o
b
ab
ilit
y
,
to
e
n
s
u
r
e
t
h
e
d
i
v
er
s
i
t
y
i
n
th
e
s
ea
r
c
h
s
p
ac
e.
Du
r
i
n
g
t
h
e
r
ep
r
o
d
u
ctio
n
p
r
o
ce
s
s
,
th
e
n
e
w
o
f
f
s
p
r
in
g
m
a
y
lie
in
th
e
r
eg
io
n
o
f
u
n
f
ea
s
ib
le
s
o
l
u
tio
n
s
;
t
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
t
w
o
h
e
u
r
is
tic
r
ep
air
alg
o
r
ith
m
s
ar
e
u
s
ed
to
r
ep
air
t
h
is
o
f
f
s
p
r
in
g
to
b
e
o
b
ey
ed
b
y
t
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
co
n
s
tr
ain
ts
as d
ep
icted
in
Fi
g
u
r
e
4
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8708
I
n
t J
E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
,
Vo
l.
9
,
No
.
1
,
Feb
r
u
ar
y
2
0
1
9
:
3
6
9
-
385
378
Fig
u
r
e
4
.
H
y
b
r
id
GA
f
o
r
C
A
R
A
p
r
o
b
le
m
(
HG
A
_
C
AR
A
)
6
.
T
H
E
E
XP
E
R
I
M
E
NT
A
L
RE
SUL
T
S
T
o
ev
alu
ate
t
h
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
o
f
t
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
co
n
ten
t
-
a
w
ar
e
r
eso
u
r
ce
allo
ca
tio
n
m
o
d
el
(
C
A
R
AM
)
,
an
ex
p
er
i
m
e
n
t
u
s
i
n
g
t
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
ev
o
lu
tio
n
ar
y
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
HG
A
_
C
AR
A
is
co
n
d
u
cted
.
Her
e,
th
e
n
u
m
er
ical
r
esu
lt
s
ar
e
r
ep
o
r
ted
.
T
h
e
ex
p
er
i
m
en
ts
h
a
v
e
b
ee
n
co
n
d
u
cted
o
n
a
s
y
s
te
m
m
o
d
el
o
f
4
0
s
er
v
er
s
d
iv
id
ed
am
o
n
g
1
0
s
e
r
v
ic
e
ar
ea
s
an
d
1
0
0
v
id
e
o
co
n
ten
ts
.
T
h
e
p
r
ed
ef
i
n
ed
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
s
er
v
er
s
P
eq
u
als
2
.
T
h
is
m
ea
n
s
t
h
at
t
h
e
m
o
d
el
h
a
s
to
ch
o
o
s
e
t
w
o
p
o
ten
tial
lo
ca
tio
n
s
a
m
o
n
g
f
o
u
r
lo
ca
tio
n
s
to
b
ec
o
m
e
s
er
v
e
r
s
.
T
h
ese
p
o
ten
tia
l
lo
ca
tio
n
s
ar
e
ass
o
ciate
d
w
it
h
t
h
e
co
s
t
o
f
s
to
r
ag
e,
p
r
o
c
ess
i
n
g
p
o
w
er
,
an
d
b
an
d
w
id
t
h
r
eso
u
r
c
es.
Mo
r
eo
v
er
,
th
e
v
id
eo
co
n
te
n
ts
h
a
v
e
to
b
e
r
ep
li
ca
ted
o
n
t
h
e
s
elec
ted
s
er
v
er
s
i
n
ea
c
h
s
er
v
ice
ar
ea
d
u
r
i
n
g
t
h
e
ex
p
er
i
m
e
n
t.
I
n
t
h
is
s
ec
tio
n
,
t
h
e
e
f
f
ec
t
o
f
co
n
ten
t
s
tatu
s
o
n
th
e
r
e
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o
u
r
ce
allo
ca
ti
o
n
p
r
o
ce
s
s
is
i
n
v
esti
g
ated
.
T
h
e
ef
f
ec
t
o
f
co
n
te
n
t
s
tatu
s
is
s
tu
d
ied
u
s
i
n
g
t
w
o
p
o
p
u
lar
it
y
d
i
s
tr
ib
u
tio
n
s
.
T
h
e
ai
m
o
f
u
s
i
n
g
t
w
o
p
o
p
u
lar
it
y
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
s
in
th
is
e
x
p
er
i
m
en
t
i
s
to
s
tu
d
y
t
h
e
i
m
p
ac
t
o
f
th
e
c
h
a
n
g
e
in
t
h
e
p
o
p
u
lar
it
y
d
i
s
tr
ib
u
tio
n
s
o
n
r
eso
u
r
ce
allo
ca
tio
n
p
r
o
ce
s
s
.
T
h
is
i
m
p
ac
t
is
m
ea
s
u
r
ed
in
ter
m
s
o
f
s
to
r
ag
e,
C
P
U
co
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
,
b
an
d
w
id
t
h
,
an
d
th
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
p
o
p
u
lar
co
n
ten
t
s
.
T
h
e
p
o
p
u
lar
ity
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
s
h
a
v
e
b
ee
n
s
a
m
p
led
u
s
in
g
t
w
o
d
if
f
er
en
t
eq
u
atio
n
s
.
T
h
e
f
ir
s
t
p
o
p
u
lar
it
y
d
is
tr
ib
u
t
io
n
f
o
llo
w
s
t
h
e
n
o
r
m
al
d
en
s
it
y
f
u
n
ctio
n
[
1
0
]
.
T
h
is
p
o
p
u
lar
it
y
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
h
as
b
ee
n
s
a
m
p
le
d
f
o
r
1
0
0
c
o
n
ten
ts
a
n
d
d
ep
icted
in
eq
u
atio
n
(
2
1
)
.
W
e
r
ef
er
to
th
is
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
b
y
th
e
s
y
m
b
o
l (
DF)
.
=
−
(
(
−
1
)
∆
)
2
/
2
∑
−
(
(
−
1
)
∆
)
2
/
2
=
1
(
2
1
)
T
h
e
o
th
er
p
o
p
u
lar
ity
d
i
s
tr
ib
u
ti
o
n
h
as
b
ee
n
s
a
m
p
led
f
o
r
t
h
e
s
a
m
e
co
n
te
n
t
s
ize
ac
co
r
d
in
g
to
Z
ip
f
’
s
la
w
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
.
L
i
k
e
th
e
s
y
m
b
o
l
k
i
n
Z
ip
f
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
,
t
h
e
s
y
m
b
o
l
s
∆
r
ep
r
esen
ts
f
o
r
t
h
e
d
eg
r
ee
o
f
s
k
e
w
n
e
s
s
i
n
th
e
p
o
p
u
lar
it
y
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
(
D
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als
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.
C
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less
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