Int
ern
at
i
onal
Journ
al of Ele
ctrical
an
d
Co
mput
er
En
gin
eeri
ng
(IJ
E
C
E)
Vo
l.
10
,
No.
1
,
Febr
uar
y
2020
, pp. 90
8~91
8
IS
S
N: 20
88
-
8708
,
DOI: 10
.11
591/
ijece
.
v10
i
1
.
pp908
-
918
908
Journ
al h
om
e
page
:
http:
//
ij
ece.i
aesc
or
e.c
om/i
nd
ex
.ph
p/IJ
ECE
A planar
UWB sem
icircular
-
shape
d monop
ole ant
en
na with
qu
adruple band
notch fo
r WiMA
X, ARN,
WLAN,
and X
-
B
and
Majed
O. Al
-
Dwairi
Facul
t
y
of Engin
ee
ring
T
ec
hnolo
g
y
/Com
m
unic
ati
on
Technol
og
y
Engi
ne
eri
ng
D
ep
art
m
ent
,
Al
-
Bal
qa
Applied Unive
rsit
y
,
Jor
dan
Art
ic
le
In
f
o
ABSTR
A
CT
Art
ic
le
history:
Re
cei
ved
J
un
15
, 2
019
Re
vised
Sep
2
9
,
2019
Accepte
d
Oct
6,
2019
Thi
s
pape
r
pro
posed
quadr
upl
e
notc
h
ed
fre
q
uency
bands
ul
tra
-
wideb
and
(UW
B)
ant
enna
.
The
antenna
i
s
a
se
m
ic
irc
ul
ar
-
shape
d
m
onop
ole
t
y
pe
of
a
compac
t
size
36x24
mm,
c
over
ing
fre
quen
c
y
r
ange
of
3.
02
-
14
GH
z.
Four
rej
ec
t
ed
na
rrow
bands
inc
l
uding
W
iMAX
(
3.
3
-
3.
7GH
z),
A
RN
(4.
2
-
4.
5
GH
z),
W
LAN
(5.
15
-
5.
825GH
z),
X
-
Band
(7.
25
-
7.
75)
hav
e
be
e
n
ac
hi
eved
using
insert
ing
slots
technique
s
in
the
p
atch,
f
ee
d
li
ne
,
and
gr
ound
pla
n
e.
The
slots
d
imensions
have
be
e
n
opti
m
iz
ed
for
the
r
equi
r
ed
re
je
c
t
bands
.
The
antenna
des
ign
a
nd
ana
l
y
sis
have
bee
n
inv
e
stiga
te
d
b
y
sim
ula
ti
on
stu
d
y
using
CS
T
-
EM
software
pac
k
age
.
Th
e
anten
na
cha
ra
cteri
sti
cs
inc
ludi
ng
impedanc
e
b
and
width,
surfac
e
c
urre
nt,
g
ai
n
,
rad
ia
ti
on
eff
i
ci
en
c
y,
rad
i
at
ion
pat
t
ern
hav
e
b
een di
scuss
ed.
Ke
yw
or
d
s
:
ARN
Qu
a
dru
ple
band no
tc
h
U
W
B
an
te
nn
a
W
iM
AX
WL
AN
X
-
Ba
nd
Copyright
©
202
0
Instit
ut
e
o
f Ad
vanc
ed
Engi
n
ee
r
ing
and
S
cienc
e
.
Al
l
rights re
serv
ed
.
Corres
pond
in
g
Aut
h
or
:
Ma
j
ed
Dwairi
,
Faculty
of E
ngineerin
g
T
ech
nolo
gy/C
omm
u
nicat
ion
Tech
nolo
gy E
ng
i
neeri
ng
de
par
tm
ent,
Al
-
Ba
lqa
A
pp
l
ie
d
U
niv
e
rsity
,
As
-
Salt
, Jor
da
n
.
Em
a
il
:
m
ajed
dw@
ba
u.
e
du.jo
1.
INTROD
U
CTION
Af
te
r
a
uthoriz
at
ion
the
unli
censed
Ultra
-
wide
ba
nd
U
WB
(3.1
-
10.
6)
GH
z
by
t
he
fed
e
ral
com
m
un
ic
at
ion
co
m
m
issi
on
(
FCC
)
in
2002
[1
]
, m
any research
e
rs
c
on
ce
nt
rated on
the
use
o
f
t
his r
a
ng
e
d
ue
t
o
m
any
interest
ing
featu
res
suc
h
as
lo
w
pro
f
il
e,
s
m
al
l
siz
e,
easy
t
o
fabrica
te
,
it
s
o
m
nid
irect
ion
al
patte
r
n,
a
nd
the
m
os
t
sign
ific
ant
featur
e
it
s
fabrica
ti
on
w
it
h
the
pr
i
nted
ci
rcu
it
boar
ds
.
The
in
vestigat
ion
of
the
m
onopole
patch
ante
nna
in
U
W
B
ta
kes
diff
e
re
nt
areas
su
c
h
as
stud
yi
ng
the
e
ff
ect
of
inser
ti
ng
di
fferent
f
ractal
slots
on
the p
at
c
h [2
-
4]
or en
ha
ncin
g
t
he
im
ped
ance
band
width [
5].
On
e
of
t
he
m
os
t
i
m
po
rtant
ch
al
le
ng
es
i
n
des
ign
in
g
U
WB
a
nten
nas
is
t
he
pr
ese
nce
of
na
rrow
ba
nds
within
t
he
U
W
B,
su
c
h
as:
W
i
MAX
(W
orl
dwide
In
te
ropera
bili
ty
fo
r
Mi
c
rowa
ve
Acce
ss
,
opera
ti
ng
ba
ndwi
dth
93.3
-
3.7GHz)
,
ARN
(
A
e
rona
utica
l
R
adio
N
avigati
on
,
op
e
r
at
ing
ba
ndwi
dth
4.2
-
4.5
GH
z
),
WLAN
(
Wir
el
ess
Local
Ar
ea
Ne
twork
,
op
e
rati
ng
ba
nd
width
5.15
-
5.825
GHz),
X
-
Ba
nd
(
a
segm
ent
of
t
he
supe
rh
i
gh
-
f
re
qu
e
ncy
rad
i
o
s
pectr
um
that
li
es
betw
een
5.2
G
Hz
a
nd
10.
9
G
Hz
a
nd
is
us
e
d
es
pe
ci
al
ly
fo
r
ra
da
rs
a
nd
f
or
s
pa
cecraft
com
m
un
ic
at
ion
,
our
in
vestig
at
ing
babd
widt
h
7.25
-
7.75),
s
o
it
will
be
int
e
rf
e
rin
g
with
t
he
op
e
rati
ng
U
W
B.
To
re
j
ect
thes
e
unwa
nted
na
rrow
ba
nd
s
di
ff
ere
nt
m
et
ho
d
was
in
vestig
at
ed
by
inserti
ng
filt
ers
with
in
the
U
W
B
a
nten
na
with
a
re
j
ect
io
n
cha
racteri
sti
c,
to
el
i
m
inate
the
eff
ect
of
el
ec
trom
agn
et
ic
interfer
e
nce
(EMI
).
Ma
ny
work
s
c
on
ce
ntrate
d
th
e
rej
ect
io
n
of
m
or
e
than
on
e
band,
m
any
design
e
rs
ha
ve
been
publishe
d
wo
r
ks
includi
ng
dual
-
ba
nd
re
j
ect
[6
-
13]
,
triple
ba
nd
re
j
ect
[14
-
17]
,
f
our
ba
nd
r
eject
[
18
-
26]
.
The
re
searc
hers
us
e
d
diff
e
re
nt
anten
na
ty
pes
co
nfi
gurati
on
an
d
di
ff
ere
nt
slots
c
onfig
ur
at
io
ns
t
o
achie
ve
the
desire
d
notc
h
f
il
te
r
for
a
desired
narrow
ba
nd
re
j
ect
i
on,
the
slot
co
nf
i
gurati
on
wa
s
inserted
on
the
ra
diati
ng
el
e
m
ents
of
the
patch
,
dep
e
ndin
g
on
the
notc
h
fr
e
quency
an
d
the
c
al
culat
ed
le
ng
t
h
of
the
slot
f
or
each
no
tc
h
filt
er.
I
n
[
6]
the
auth
ors
us
e
d
ci
rc
ular
m
on
opole
pa
tc
h
a
nten
na
with
insertin
g
m
irro
re
d
L
-
s
hap
e
d on
the f
eet
o
f
the
m
on
o
pole
, an
d
s
pilt
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
In
t J
Elec
&
C
om
p
En
g
IS
S
N: 20
88
-
8708
A p
l
anar
UWB
sem
ic
irc
ul
ar
-
s
hape
d mon
opol
e a
nte
nna
wi
t
h qua
dr
uple
.
..
(
Majed O.
Al
-
Dwa
iri
)
909
rin
g
res
on
at
or
SRR
on
the
pat
ch
to
el
i
m
inate
W
iM
A
X
an
d
WL
AN
re
sp
ect
ively
,
wh
il
e
in
[7
]
us
e
d
rectan
gu
la
r
plane
r
a
nten
na
co
ns
ist
in
g
of
a
rad
ia
ti
ng
pa
tc
h
with
a
sta
ircase
slots
with
a
pa
rtia
l
rectan
gula
r
gro
und,
insertin
g
m
ea
nd
e
re
d
slot
on
the
patc
h
a
nd
U
-
s
ha
ped
slot
on
t
he
fe
ed
to
re
j
ect
W
iM
AX
a
nd
WL
A
N
resp
ec
ti
vely
.
T
he
aut
hors
in
[
8]
us
ed
s
quare
d
patc
h
with
pa
rtia
l
gr
ou
nd
a
nd
sl
otted
co
nduct
or
pack
e
d
plane
,
by
inse
rtin
g
on
the
slott
ed
c
onduct
or
packed
pair
of
m
irror
L
-
s
hap
e
d
slots,
a
nd
U
-
s
hap
e
d
slot
rec
ei
vin
g
a
re
j
ect
ion
of
W
L
A
N
a
nd
W
iM
A
X
ba
nd
s
re
sp
ect
ive
ly
.
Diff
e
re
nt
plane
r
a
nten
na
sh
a
pe
d
have
bee
n
inv
est
igate
d
by
us
ing
one
or
m
or
e
U
-
sha
ped
sl
ot
on
the
patch
t
o
a
chieve
W
iM
A
X
an
d
WLAN
ba
nd
rej
ect
io
n
[
9
-
11
]
.
A
com
pact
l
a
m
p
-
sh
a
pe
d
an
te
nn
a
wa
s
de
si
gn
e
d
an
d
inse
r
te
d
a
qu
a
rter
L
-
sh
a
pe
d
slot
on
the
patch
a
nd
t
wo
quarter
L
-
sh
a
ped
on
t
he
groun
d
in
or
der
to
el
im
inate
t
he
e
ff
ect
of
W
iM
AX
a
nd
WL
A
N
resp
ect
ively
[
12]
.
In
[13]
a
sq
ua
re
patch
with
pa
rtia
l
groun
d
was
m
od
ifie
d
by
inse
rting
a
c
om
po
sed
of
m
od
ifie
d
for
k
-
sh
a
ped
a
nd
Ω
-
sh
a
pe
d
slot
a
nd
a
pair
of
Γ
-
s
ha
ped
t
o
el
i
m
inate
the
eff
ect
of
WiM
A
X
an
d
WL
AN.
Diff
e
re
nt
m
e
t
hods
of
desi
gn
ha
ve
been
pr
ese
nted
f
or
an
ef
fecti
ve
na
rrow
ba
nd
r
ejecti
on
by
introd
ucin
g
diff
e
ren
t
et
c
hing
sl
ots
on
t
he
patch
or
groun
d
ob
ta
ini
ng
desire
d
no
t
ched
ba
nds
i
n
U
WB,
introd
ucin
g
thr
ee
no
tc
he
d
ba
nds.
I
n
[
14,
15]
,
they
intro
duce
d
three
ba
nd
notc
he
d
U
WB
anten
na
by
inse
rtin
g
a H
iulbe
rt slot etc
hed
on
the
ha
lf ele
ptic shape
d
patc
h,
and a
slot r
ect
angula
r
sh
a
ped
etc
he
d
on the h
al
f
el
eptic
gro
un
d
[14],
or
et
chi
ng
out
2
el
li
ptic
sing
le
com
ple
m
entary
sp
li
t
rin
g
res
on
at
or
on
t
he
patch
with
a
pro
per
dim
ension
s
a
nd
placi
ng
2
re
ct
angular
on
the
pack[15]
.
An
U
WB
trip
le
band
-
notc
he
d
a
nten
na
has
bee
n
pro
po
se
d
in
[16]
by
insertin
g
a
rectan
gu
la
r
strip
a
nd
t
w
o
ne
ste
d
U
-
sh
a
pe
d
slots
in
the
a
ntenn
a
patch
a
n
d
feed,
wh
ic
h
can
filt
er
W
iM
A
X,
C
-
ba
nd,
WLAN
and
X
-
band
a
pp
li
cat
io
ns
.
I
n
[17]
received
three
high
re
je
ct
ion
no
tc
h
ba
nds
char
act
erist
ic
s
by
insett
ing
two
U
-
s
ha
ped
and
on
e
T
-
s
ha
ped
on
the
patch
on
the
urn
sh
a
pe
d
m
on
opole an
te
nn
a
.
To
reali
ze
U
WB
a
nten
na
with
f
our
ba
nds
no
tc
hed
cha
racteri
sti
cs,
the
aut
hor
s
intr
oduc
e
d
a
trapezo
i
dal
anten
na
[
18
]
,
a
nd
a
n
em
bed
de
d
el
li
ps
e
at
t
op
of
tra
pezo
i
dal
patch
(
na
m
ed
el
li
ps
oid
a
l)
[19],
a
U
-
sh
a
pe
d
a
nd
a
pair
of
C
-
s
hap
e
d
ba
nd
s
t
op
filt
ers
ha
ve
bee
n
et
c
hed
on
the
patch
a
nt
enn
a
an
d
t
he
par
ti
al
gro
und
with
a
pro
per
dim
ension
s
ac
hievi
ng
a
band
-
rej
e
ct
io
n
cha
racteri
sti
c
in
the
W
iM
A
X
(3.43
–
3.85
GH
z
),
WL
AN(5.2
6
–
6.0
1
GH
z
),
X
-
ba
nd
sat
el
li
te
com
m
un
ic
at
ion
(
7.05
–
7.68
G
H
z),
a
nd
IT
U
8
GH
z
.
Wh
il
e
in
[19]
,
the
auth
ors
ach
ie
ved
f
our
ba
nd
re
j
ect
cha
ract
erist
ic
s
for
W
i
MAX,
A
R
N,
W
L
AN,
an
d
I
TU
-
8
bands
by
et
ching
sever
al
U
-
s
ha
ped
a
nd
sin
gle
I
-
s
ha
ped
only
on
t
he
patc
h.
In
[20]
prese
nted
four
sh
a
r
p
notc
h
filt
ering
f
or
W
iM
AX,
INS
AT,
lo
wer
,
a
nd
uppe
r
WL
A
N
,
w
hile
ex
hibi
ti
ng
sta
ble
ra
di
at
ion
patte
rn
ov
e
r
t
he
ho
le
r
ang
e
of
ultra
-
wide
band,
this
achie
ve
d
by
inserti
ng
a
com
ple
m
ent
ary
sp
li
t
ring
r
eso
nators
(CS
RR
s)
on
the
c
entere
d
sem
i
-
ci
rcu
la
r
s
hap
e
d
rad
ia
to
r
with
pa
rtia
l
gro
und
plane
.
F
our
filt
er
band
are
prese
nted
by
creati
ng
dif
fer
e
nt
sh
a
pes
c
ut U,
L, a
nd C
-
s
hap
e
d on a
rectan
gula
r
m
ic
ro
strip a
nten
na [2
1].
Ma
ny
authors
achieve
d
f
our
band
notc
he
d
f
il
te
rs
by
m
od
ifie
d
the
patch
anten
na
of
diff
e
ren
t
sh
a
pe
s
with
a
c
op
la
na
r
wa
ve
gu
i
de
(
CP
W
)
[
22
-
25
]
.
In
[
26
-
28
]
the
aut
hor
s
intr
od
uced
five
ba
nd
s
notc
he
d
filt
e
rs
by
util
iz
ing
Y
-
s
ha
ped
patc
h
with
a
com
bin
at
ions
of
U
-
s
haped
et
ched
slots
[26],
sem
i
-
ci
rcle
patch
with
U
-
s
hap
e
d
et
ched
on
the
par
ti
al
gr
ou
nd
an
d
CSR
Rs
on
the
patch
[2
7],
in
[
28
]
the
authors
use
d
dif
fer
e
nt
siz
es
of
rectan
gu
la
r
sp
l
it
-
ring
res
onat
or
s
on
the
rad
i
at
ing
patc
h
a
nd
the
feed
li
ne
achievin
g
five
bands
notc
he
d
filt
ers.
This
pap
e
r
propose
d
qu
a
dra
ble
notc
he
d
ul
tra
-
wi
deb
a
nd
anten
na
wh
ic
h
i
s
m
od
ific
at
i
on
of
[6
]
by
add
i
ng
a
rectangula
r
s
lot,
et
chin
g
U
-
sh
a
ped
sl
ot
on
the
patch,
a
nd
in
ver
te
d
L
-
s
hap
e
d
on
the
par
ti
al
gro
und.
Fou
r
rej
ect
io
n
band
s
are
recei
ve
d
the
res
ults
of
the
pr
opos
e
d
a
nten
na
w
ere
c
om
par
ed
with
oth
e
r
w
orks
de
sign
e
d
pr
e
viously
.
2.
AN
TE
NNA D
ESIGN
AN
D ST
RUCT
URE
The
pro
po
se
d
qu
a
dru
pole
sto
ps
band
ci
rcu
l
ar
ante
nna
ge
om
et
ry
con
sist
ing
of
ce
ntral
c
ircl
e
rad
ia
t
or
with
to
w
ci
rcle
ra
diu
s
5.3
6
m
m
on
both
side
s
apa
rt
f
ro
m
th
e
center
5
m
m
and
pa
rtia
ll
y
gr
ou
nd
pla
ne,
t
he
top,
bo
tt
om
,
an
d
si
de
view
a
re
s
how
n
i
n
F
i
gure
1(
a
),
(
b)
,
an
d
(
c).
t
he
a
nten
na
was
desi
gn
e
d
on
36
x24
m
m
FR
-
4
su
bst
rate
m
a
te
rial
of
thickne
ss
(tp)
1.6
m
m
,
l
os
s
ta
ngent
0.0
2,
an
d
per
m
ittiv
it
y
(
r)
4.3.
The
ante
nn
a
w
as
fed
us
in
g
50
Ω
m
ic
ro
stri
p
fe
ed
li
ne
le
ng
t
h
17
m
m
and
widt
h
2mm
.
The
o
ptim
al
par
am
et
er
dim
ensi
ons
f
or
the
inv
e
sti
gated
ante
nn
a
an
d
the
pa
ram
et
er
s
that
us
e
d
to
desig
n
the
no
tc
h
slots
f
or
e
ach
notc
h
filt
er
ar
e
pr
ese
nted
in
Table
1.
The
ante
nn
a
opti
m
iz
at
ion
an
d
sim
ulatio
n
wer
e
car
ried
us
in
g
CS
T
-
Mi
crowa
ve
Stud
i
o2018.
Figure
2(a)
-
(
d)
s
hows
the
dim
e
ns
io
n
s
f
or
eac
h
notc
h
slot
th
at
us
ed
f
or
reject
ion
of
W
i
MA
X
,
ARN,
WLAN,
and X
-
band res
pecti
vely
.
Table
1.
O
pti
m
iz
ed
pa
ram
et
er for
a
nten
na
a
nd
qu
a
dru
ple
ba
nd notch
f
il
te
rs
Para
m
eter
L
S
W
S
L
f
W
f
t
s
t
p
R
p1
R
p2
R
p3
R
p4
R
p3
-
R
p4
d
L
n1
L
n2
L
n3
Valu
e (
m
m
)
36
24
17
2
1
.6
0
.00
9
8
.5
5
.36
3
.8
3
.51
0
.20
5
1
.2
4
.65
8
.6
Para
m
eter
L
n4
L
p1
L
p2
L
p3
w
p1
w
p2
w
p3
W
n1
W
n2
L
g
L
g1
L
g2
W
g1
W
g2
Valu
e (
m
m
)
3
.65
1
.5
0
.22
2
.9
10
15
0
.21
1
.4
1
15
0
.5
3
.5
9
0
.35
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IS
S
N
:
2088
-
8708
In
t J
Elec
&
C
om
p
En
g,
V
ol.
10
, No
.
1
,
Febr
uar
y
2020 :
90
8
-
918
910
Figure
1
.
P
r
op
os
e
d qu
a
dru
ple b
a
nd notche
d anten
na (a)
fro
nt v
ie
w,
(
b)
ba
ck view,
(
c
)
si
de view
Figure
2
.
T
he
op
ti
m
iz
ed
dim
ensio
ns
of the
sel
ect
ed
sh
a
pe
d
sl
ots for eac
h n
otch
c
ha
racteri
sti
cs (
a)
Mi
rror
e
d
sh
a
ped slot
for W
iM
AX ba
nd,
(b)
i
nv
e
rted
U
-
sh
a
pe
d for
A
RN (
A
er
ona
utica
l
R
adio
N
a
vig
at
ion)
ba
nd,
(c)
A
s
plit
r
in
g res
on
at
or for
WL
AN b
a
nd (d) L
-
s
ha
ped in
ver
te
d
c
ounter
cl
ockwise
90°
for X
-
ba
nd
3.
METHO
DOL
OGY OF
D
ES
IGN
To
de
sig
n
U
W
B
with
quad
r
uple
notc
he
d
ba
nd
a
nten
na,
t
w
o
m
ai
n
thing
s
m
us
t
be
con
sid
ered,
firstly
desig
n
an
a
nte
nn
a
ca
pa
ble
to
cov
e
r
the
U
W
B,
secondly
re
m
ov
ing
the
int
erf
e
ren
ce
ca
use
d
by
na
rro
w
bands
within t
he ope
r
at
ing
U
W
B
.
3.1.
Chosen
th
e
pr
op
er
f
orm
fo
r
monop
ole
UW
B antenn
a
Figure
3
prese
nt
the
in
vestig
at
ed
m
on
op
ole
anten
nas
co
nf
igurat
ion
s
to
c
hoos
e
the
pro
pe
r
f
orm
fo
r
U
W
B
,
three
diff
e
ren
t
ante
nn
as
desig
n
we
r
e
inv
est
igate
d,
case
1
with
c
ircular
f
orm
ra
diu
s
8.5
m
m
,
case
2
the
sam
e
fo
rm
with
add
i
ng
t
wo
side
ci
rcle
s
asi
de
from
t
he
center
5mm
with
rad
ius
5.
36
m
m
,
and
case
3
anten
na
with
inserte
d
recta
ngula
r
slot
on
the
patch
with
dim
ension
s
10X2
m
m
.
Figur
e
4
dem
on
strat
ed
th
e
return
los
s
|S
11
|
fo
r
th
ree
case
s
ov
e
r
the
op
e
r
at
ing
f
reque
ncies.
The
c
om
par
iso
n
bet
ween
these
three
cas
es
is
li
ste
d
in
T
able
2,
wh
ic
h
evi
de
nt
that
case
3
i
s
the
best
case
for
the
op
e
rati
ng
U
W
B
t
hat
will
be
us
e
d
f
urt
her
i
n
the d
e
sig
n of
fi
nal an
te
nna w
it
h qu
a
dru
ple
notc
hed
filt
ers.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
In
t J
Elec
&
C
om
p
En
g
IS
S
N: 20
88
-
8708
A p
l
anar
UWB
sem
ic
irc
ul
ar
-
s
hape
d mon
opol
e a
nte
nna
wi
t
h qua
dr
uple
.
..
(
Majed O.
Al
-
Dwa
iri
)
911
Figure
3. Th
re
e cases
of prop
os
e
d
m
on
op
ole an
te
nnas
d
esi
gn
for qu
a
dru
pl
e UWB
no
tc
h
f
il
te
rs
1
3
5
7
9
11
13
15
-40
-35
-30
-25
-20
-15
-10
-5
0
|S
11
| [dB]
Fr
eq
ue
ncy [
GHz]
An
ten
n
a 1
An
ten
n
a 2
An
ten
n
a 3
Figure
4. Sim
ulate
d
|S1
1| (retur
n
l
os
s)
of t
hree case
s
of the
pro
po
se
d U
W
B anten
na
c
onf
igurat
ion
Table
2.
C
om
par
iso
n betwee
n dif
fer
e
nt a
nten
na
m
od
ific
at
io
ns
Featu
re
An
ten
n
a 1
An
ten
n
a 2
An
ten
n
a 3
Pass
ban
d
[
GHz]
3
.03
-
9
.54
3
.01
-
1
3
.82
3
.02
-
14
Res
o
n
an
t
f
requ
en
c
y
[
GHz
]
3
.53
,6.0
6
,8.1
5
3
.55
,5.8
6
,8.3
8
,1
0
.65
,12
.9
3
.5,6
,8.3
4
,12
Slo
t
-
-
Rectan
g
u
lar
sh
ap
e
3.2.
Surface c
urre
nt
dis
tribu
tio
n
First
of
al
l,
t
he
surface
c
urre
nt
distri
bu
ti
on
was
in
vestigat
ed
f
or
case
3
t
o
ob
se
r
ve
the
c
on
ce
ntrati
on
of
the
s
urface
current
distri
buti
on
of
the
m
onopole
ante
nna
in
orde
r
to
c
hoos
e
the
proper
places
to
ins
ert
slots
for
notc
he
d
dif
fer
e
nt
ba
nd
s
,
f
ro
m
F
igu
r
e
5(a)
-
(c)
the
c
urr
ent
distrib
utio
n
is
m
a
inly
con
cent
rated
in
t
he
ed
ge
rather t
ha
n
i
n
t
he
ce
nter of
th
e m
on
opole
for
d
if
fer
e
nt r
e
son
at
e fr
e
qu
e
ncies
.
Figure
5. Cu
rr
e
nt d
ist
ri
bu
ti
on
for diffe
re
nt r
e
so
na
nt
fr
e
quen
ci
es w
it
hin t
he c
hosen
an
te
nn
a
case
3
(a)
3.5 G
Hz,
(
b)
6
G
Hz, a
nd (c
) 8.
34 GHz
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IS
S
N
:
2088
-
8708
In
t J
Elec
&
C
om
p
En
g,
V
ol.
10
, No
.
1
,
Febr
uar
y
2020 :
90
8
-
918
912
4.
NOTCH B
ANDS
This secti
on
will
intro
duce t
he
f
our
notche
d b
ands of the i
nv
est
igate
d
m
on
opole a
nten
na
to
elim
inate
the
ef
fect
of
the
un
wan
te
d
e
le
ct
ro
m
agn
et
ic
interfe
ren
ce
s
of
U
W
B
com
m
un
ic
at
ion
syst
e
m
s
with
W
i
MAX,
ARN,
WLAN,
an
d
X
-
Ba
nd
fr
e
qu
e
ncies
ba
nd.
Ta
king
in
to
acc
ount
th
e
relat
ion
s
hip
betwee
n
the
notc
h
fr
e
qu
e
ncy a
nd
the total
len
gth o
f
the
etche
d
s
lot has
b
ee
n
est
i
m
at
ed
by (1) e
xpresse
d
i
n
[
11
]
.
2
no
tc
h
e
ff
c
f
L
(1)
Wh
e
re,
c
is
th
e
sp
eed
of
the
li
gh
t
in
fr
ee
s
pace
an
d
ε
e
f
f
i
s
the
eff
ect
ive
diele
ct
ric
const
ant
(
1
)
/
2
e
ff
r
The fo
ur step
s
to ach
ie
ve
t
he qu
a
dru
pole
b
a
nd notche
d
m
on
op
ole UWB
wer
e
do
ne
as
f
ollow
:
4.1
.
WiMA
X
notc
h f
il
ter
desig
n
To
el
im
inate
t
he
el
ect
r
om
agn
et
ic
interfe
re
nce
f
or
the
first
lo
wer
notc
h
f
re
qu
e
ncy
3.5
GH
z
f
or
the
narrow
ba
nd
W
iM
AX
-
I
EEE
802.1
6
that
op
e
rate
at
3.
3
-
3.7
GH
z
,
is
achieved
by
insertin
g
a
prop
e
r
m
irro
re
d
L
-
s
ha
ped
c
onnected
from
the
top
slot
is
et
ched
on
the
f
eed
li
ne
as
sh
own
in
Fi
gure
2
(
a).
Using
(1)
for
t
his
band
t
o
be
a
ppr
oxim
at
el
y
equ
al
t
o
t
he
half
wav
e
le
ng
t
h
at
t
he
ce
nt
er
f
reque
ncy,
the
cal
culat
ed
le
ng
th
of the
notc
h
sl
ot is li
ste
d
i
n
T
able 3.
T
he
t
otal l
eng
th
of t
he
inser
te
d
sl
ot is g
ive
n
i
n (
2
)
.
=
2
3
+
2
4
+
1
+
2
(2)
Param
et
ric
stud
y
was
do
ne
to
op
ti
m
iz
e
the
band
width
of
t
he
re
j
ect
e
d
W
i
MAX
ba
nd,
it
would
be
e
ff
ec
ti
ve
t
o
con
t
ro
l
the
sl
ot
le
ng
t
h,
give
n
in
(
2
)
,
by
var
yi
ng
s
ome
par
am
et
ers
L
n3
and
L
n4
.
The
opti
m
iz
ed
le
ng
th
the
par
a
m
et
ers
is
l
ist
ed
in
T
a
ble
3,
F
ig
ur
e
6
dem
on
strat
e
t
he
co
ntro
l
of
the
first
notc
h
s
lot
le
ng
th
by
va
ryi
ng
L
n4
with c
onsta
nt L
n3
, a
nd
vice v
e
rsa.
Figure
6. O
ptim
iz
at
ion
W
iM
AX notch
f
il
te
r
: t
he
ef
fect
of
va
ryi
ng Ln3,
and L
n4
on the
notc
h
fr
e
qu
e
ncy
3.5
GH
z
, (a)
va
ryi
ng L
n3 w
it
h co
ns
ta
nt L
n4, (
b
)
v
a
ryi
ng Ln4
w
it
h
co
ns
ta
nt
Ln
3
4.2
.
ARN no
tch fil
ter desi
gn
To
el
im
inate
t
he
e
ff
ect
AR
N
ba
nd
4.25
-
4.8
5
GH
z
,
i
nv
e
rte
d
U
-
s
ha
pe
d
wa
s
et
che
d
on
the
patc
h
with
op
ti
m
iz
ed
di
m
ensio
ns
s
how
n
in
F
igu
re
2(b
)
and
li
ste
d
i
n
T
able
1.
The
cal
culat
ed
le
ngth
of
t
he
inse
rted
slot
to
be
ap
pro
xim
ately
eq
ual to the
h
al
f
wav
e le
ngth at the ce
nte
r
f
reque
ncy w
a
s d
one
us
in
g (1),
is l
ist
ed
in T
able 3
,
wh
il
e total
le
ngth
of the
notc
h
sl
ot is g
i
ven in
(
3
)
.
=
2
+
2
3
(3)
In
order
t
o
rec
ei
ve
the
pro
pe
r
le
ng
t
h
of
the
et
ched
slot
a
par
am
et
ric
stud
y
was
done
t
o
determ
ine
the
op
ti
m
iz
ed
le
ng
t
h
of
(
3
)
by
var
yi
ng
Wp2
with
co
ns
ta
nt
Lp
3
a
nd
vice
ver
sa
to
recei
ve
notc
h
f
reque
ncy
of
the
seco
nd n
ot
ch
filt
er
a
ppr
oxim
a
te
ly
equ
al
to
the
cal
c
ulate
d
le
ngth u
si
ng
(
1
)
,
t
he
op
ti
m
i
zed
le
ngth
is
li
ste
d
in
T
able
3,
w
hic
h
recei
ved
20.
8
m
m
,
le
ss
than
the
cal
c
ulate
d
in
0.38
m
m
.
Figure
7
dem
on
st
rate
the
ef
fect
of
the v
a
ryi
ng
W
p2 and
Lp
3 o
n t
he
sec
ond n
otch fre
qu
e
ncy
4.3
5 GH
z
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
In
t J
Elec
&
C
om
p
En
g
IS
S
N: 20
88
-
8708
A p
l
anar
UWB
sem
ic
irc
ul
ar
-
s
hape
d mon
opol
e a
nte
nna
wi
t
h qua
dr
uple
.
..
(
Majed O.
Al
-
Dwa
iri
)
913
Figure
7.
O
ptim
iz
at
ion
A
RN
no
tc
h fil
te
r: th
e eff
ect
of
var
y
ing
L
P3
, a
nd
W
P2
on the
notc
h
fr
e
qu
e
ncy
4.35 G
Hz,
(a) va
ryi
ng L
P3
wit
h
c
onsta
nt
W
P2
, (b
)
v
a
ryi
ng
W
P2
with c
onsta
nt
L
P3
4.3
.
WLAN
n
ot
c
h
filter desi
gn
To
el
im
inate
t
he
e
ff
ect
of
W
LAN
that
oper
at
e
at
5.1
5
-
5.8
25
G
Hz,
a
s
plit
rin
g
resonato
r
SRR
wit
h
an
op
ti
m
iz
ed
par
am
et
er
as
li
ste
d
in
T
able
1,
w
as
inse
rted
at
distance
Ln2
=
4.6
5mm
fr
om
the
center
of
the
m
ai
n
m
on
opole
as
dem
on
strat
ed
in
F
i
gure
2
(c)
.
Usi
ng
(
1
)
us
i
ng
th
e
no
tc
h
fr
e
qu
e
ncy
of
WLAN
band
wh
ic
h
eq
ual
to
5.5
G
Hz,
the
cal
culat
ed
le
ngth
re
cei
ve
d
e
qu
al
16.75
m
m
that
exp
ect
ed
to
be
the
le
ng
t
h
of
the inse
rted SR
R per
im
et
er,
de
te
rm
ined usin
g
(
4
)
=
2
3
−
(
3
×
180
)
(4)
Wh
e
re θ
-
is t
he
op
e
n pa
rt of th
e SRR
.
To
determ
ine
the
ef
fect
of
va
ryi
ng
pa
ram
et
e
r
R
P3
in
(
4
)
,
on
the
pe
rem
et
e
r
le
ngth
of
the
et
ched
SRR
slot
to
receive
the
total
le
ngth
eq
ual
to
the
ha
lfwa
ve
le
ngth
at
the
ce
nter
f
reque
ncy
5.5
GH
z
,
receivin
g
in
(
1
)
,
a
par
am
et
ric
stud
y
was
done
.
The
pro
per
le
ng
t
h
of
t
he
oute
r
ra
diu
s
of
t
he
SRR
with
c
on
sta
nt
arc
cut
with
ang
le
θ
=7
0o,
an
d
co
ns
ta
nt
dif
fer
e
nce
be
tween
t
he
ou
t
er
an
d
t
he
in
ne
r
ra
diu
s
of
S
RR
equ
al
0.2
0
m
m
,
recei
ving
t
he o
pti
m
iz
ed
oute
r radi
us
R
P3
=3.8
m
m
an
d
the
in
ner ra
diu
s
R
P4
=
3.6
0
m
m
.
Figure
8
(a),
s
hows
the
sim
ul
at
ed
|S1
1|
for
di
ff
ere
nt
ou
te
r
r
adius
of
SRR
R
P3
,
with
c
onst
ant
di
ff
e
ren
ce
R
P3
-
R
P4
=0.
20
m
m
.
fr
om
F
igure
8
(a
),
it
is
se
en
that
t
he
sig
ni
ficant
ef
fect
on
t
the
notc
h
frequ
e
ncy
by
va
ryi
ng
the
ou
te
r
ra
diu
s,
wer
e
the
be
st
on
e
f
or
R
P3
=
3.
8
m
m
.
I
n
orde
r
to
ch
oos
e
the
pr
op
e
r
diff
e
ren
ce
between
the
oute
r
an
d
t
he
in
ner
r
adi
us
of
SRR
,
a
para
m
et
ric
stud
y
was
do
ne
f
or
di
ff
ere
nt
distanc
e
with
co
ns
ta
nt
ou
te
r
rad
i
us
R
P3
=
3.8
m
m
.
Figu
r
e
8
(b)
show
s
the
si
m
ulate
d
|S11
|
with
ch
ang
i
ng
the
dif
fer
e
nce
betw
e
en
R
P3
and R
P4.
Figure
8
.
The
s
i
m
ulate
d
|S
11
| fo
r
opti
m
iz
at
ion
W
L
A
N no
tc
h fil
te
r: the effec
t of va
ryi
ng R
P3
and
R
P3
-
R
P4
,
(a)
va
ryi
ng R
P3
with c
onsta
nt
R
P3
-
R
P4
=0.
29
m
m
, (
b)
va
ryi
ng R
P3
-
R
P4
with
const
ant R
P3
=3.8 m
m
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IS
S
N
:
2088
-
8708
In
t J
Elec
&
C
om
p
En
g,
V
ol.
10
, No
.
1
,
Febr
uar
y
2020 :
90
8
-
918
914
4.4
.
X
-
B
an
d
n
ot
ch
f
il
ter de
sign
T
o
el
i
m
inate
t
he
eff
e
ct
of
X
-
band
w
hich
op
erate
at
7.
25
-
7.85
GH
z
,
an
L
-
sh
a
ped
slot
wa
s
et
ched
on
the p
a
rtia
l gro
und wit
h o
ptim
i
zed
par
am
et
ers
recor
ded in
T
a
ble 1 an
d dem
on
strat
ed
in
F
ig
ur
e
2(d
).
Acc
ordin
g
to
(
1
)
the
cal
culat
ed
le
ng
t
h
of
the
inserted
s
lot
on
the
pa
rtia
l
gr
ound
ta
ki
ng
int
o
acco
unt
the
no
tc
h
fr
e
qu
e
ncy
7.5
GH
z
of
the
X
-
Ba
nd,
the
c
al
culat
ed
le
ngth
e
qu
al
t
o
12.
29
m
m
.
the
total
le
ng
th
of
the
si
m
ulate
d
slot
giv
e
n
in
(
5
)
.
T
he
pr
oper
le
ngth
of
W
g1
an
d
L
g2
re
cei
ved
afte
r
pa
ram
et
ric
s
tud
y
are
li
ste
d
in
T
able
2,
a
nd
t
he
total
op
ti
m
iz
ed
le
ngth r
ecei
ved 19.
23
m
m
,
Figure
9
s
hows
t
he
si
m
ula
te
d
|S1
1| for o
ptim
iz
at
ion
X
-
Ba
nd
no
tc
h fil
te
r
.
=
1
+
2
(5)
Figure
9
.
T
he
s
i
m
ulate
d
|S
11
| fo
r
opti
m
iz
at
ion
X
-
Ba
nd
no
tc
h fil
te
r: (
a)
the e
f
fect o
f varyi
ng
L
g2
with c
onsta
nt
W
g1
, (b
)
the
ef
f
ect
o
f
v
a
ryi
ng
W
g1
with
const
L
g2
5.
RESU
LT
S
AND DI
SCUS
S
ION
The
sim
ulate
d
return
los
s
|S
11
|
of
the
re
fer
e
nc
e
anten
na
cas
e
3
an
d
the
fi
na
l
antenn
a
with
qua
drup
le
no
tc
he
d
ba
nd
f
il
te
rs
dem
on
str
at
ed
in
F
ig
ur
e
10,
wh
il
e
the
VSW
R
s
how
n
in
Fig
ure
11.
T
he
op
e
rati
ng
U
WB
is
(2.77
-
13.
83)
GH
z
with
13
3.5%
fr
act
i
on
a
l
ban
dwidt
h
of
the
final
ant
enn
a
.
Table
3
li
ste
d
a
co
m
par
is
on
betwee
n
these
dif
fer
e
nt
4
sta
ges
with
eac
h
na
r
row
ba
nd
f
ro
m
ta
ble
evide
nt
that
t
he
recei
ve
d
re
so
na
nt
fr
e
qu
e
ncy
f
or
each
sim
ulate
d
band
is
approxim
a
te
ly
the
sa
m
e
as
the
or
iginal
ba
nd.
From
F
ig
ure
11
evide
nt
that
W
iM
A
X
gi
ves
the
best
re
j
ect
ion
ba
ndwi
dth
with
VSW
R
7
at
res
ona
nt
fr
e
quency
fo
ll
ow
e
d
ARN
,
W
LAN
and
X
-
Ba
nd
re
sp
ect
ively
,
the
worst
one
is
X
-
Ba
nd
with
VSW
R
2.9
at
resona
nt
freq
ue
ncy.
T
he
reas
on
he
r
e
du
e
to
f
or
colle
ct
ing
al
l
fo
ur
r
ejecti
on
bands
in
on
e
a
nten
na,
howev
e
r
i
m
prov
i
ng
the
re
j
ec
ti
on
ba
nd
w
il
l
aff
ect
the
oth
e
r,
w
hile
the
best
com
pr
am
iz
e
cho
sen
a
nd
pr
es
ente
d
her
e
.
Fig
ur
e
12
s
how
n
the
eff
ect
of
com
bin
at
ion
of
the
f
our
filt
ers
to
gethe
r,
f
r
om
the
figu
re
,
it
is
eviden
t
that
a
wide
r
ba
ndwidt
h
f
or
A
RN
filt
erin
g
case
has
been achie
ve
d wh
il
e a
no
t
her
band
width rem
ai
ns
sam
e o
r b
eca
m
e li
ttle s
m
al
le
r.
Figure
10
.
T
he
sim
ulate
d
S1
1 f
or
t
he refe
rence
m
on
opole a
nten
na
case
3
and the m
onopole an
te
nna
wit
h qu
a
dru
ple
notc
hed
filt
ers
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
In
t J
Elec
&
C
om
p
En
g
IS
S
N: 20
88
-
8708
A p
l
anar
UWB
sem
ic
irc
ul
ar
-
s
hape
d mon
opol
e a
nte
nna
wi
t
h qua
dr
uple
.
..
(
Majed O.
Al
-
Dwa
iri
)
91
5
Table
3
.
C
om
par
iso
n of dif
fere
nt stages
for e
ach
pro
po
se
d b
and notch
w
it
h ea
ch na
rrow b
and
Ban
d
no
tch
→
Ch
a
racte
risti
cs ↓
W
iM
AX
ARN
W
L
AN
X
-
b
an
d
Ban
d
wid
th
[
GHz]
3
.3
-
3
.7
4
.2
-
4
.5
5
.15
-
5
.82
5
7
.25
–
7
.7
5
Si
m
u
lated
B
W
[
G
Hz]
3
.18
-
3
.84
4
.1
-
4
.4.6
2
5
.35
-
5
.92
7
.02
-
8
.06
No
tch
f
requ
en
cy
[
GHz]
3
.5
4
.35
5
.5
7
.5
Si
m
u
lated
no
tch
f
requ
en
cy
[
GHz]
3
.51
4
.36
5
.55
7
.54
Calcu
lated
slo
t leng
th
m
m
2
6
.33
2
1
.18
1
6
.75
1
2
.29
Op
ti
m
ized
slo
t len
g
th
m
m
2
5
.9
2
0
.8
1
9
.23
1
1
.5
Figure
11. T
he
sim
ulate
d
VSWR f
or the
in
ve
sti
gated
anten
na wit
h q
uadr
up
le
notc
he
d fil
te
rs
Figure
12. t
he e
ff
ect
of com
po
un
d
al
l f
our fi
lt
ers
in
on
e
p
at
c
h
a
nte
nn
a
Figure
13
dem
on
st
rated
the
m
axi
m
u
m
gain
of
the
final
pr
opos
e
d
ante
nn
a
with
gai
n
f
rom
2.
2
dB
to
4.8
dB
,
w
hile
the
gai
n
of
the
no
tc
hed
filt
er
f
or
WiM
A
X,
A
RN,
WLAN,
a
nd
X
-
Ba
nd
bei
ng
-
3,2.6,
1,
a
nd
2.
8
dB
res
pecti
vel
y.
Fr
om
F
ig
ure
13
seen
t
hat
the
gai
n
be
cam
e
w
orse
at
hi
gher
fr
e
quencie
s
from
10
.
1
-
11.5
GH
z
and
seem
s
as
a
re
j
ect
filt
er
with
res
ona
nt
f
reque
ncy
10.8
G
Hz,
t
his
c
ase
is
not
inv
est
igate
d
her
e
a
s
the
in
vestigat
e
d
U
WB
in
our
case
from
3.
1
to
10.
6
GH
z
.
The
rad
ia
ti
on
eff
ic
ie
ncy
is
s
how
n
in
F
ig
ure
14
as
sh
ow
n
it
is lo
w
for
t
he rejecte
d bands
.
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
-3
-2
-1
0
1
2
3
4
5
X-
Band
W
LAN
W
iMAX
Ma
x. g
ain
[dBi]
Fr
eq
ue
ncy [
GHz]
ARN
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1.0
X-
Band
W
LAN
ARN
Radia
tion
Efficien
cy
Fr
eq
ue
ncy [
GHz]
W
iMAX
Figure
13. Ma
x gain
f
or
t
he
i
nv
e
sti
gated
a
nt
enn
a
with
qu
a
dru
ple
notche
d fil
te
rs
Figure
14. T
he
r
a
diati
on
e
ff
ic
ie
ncy of the
inv
est
igate
d
a
nt
enn
a
with
qua
dru
ple
notc
he
d fil
te
rs
Finall
y,
the
ra
diati
on
patte
rn
of
E
-
pla
ne
an
d
H
-
pla
ne
of
the
pro
pose
d
anten
na
with
qu
adru
ple
ba
nd
no
tc
hed
filt
ers
is
pr
esente
d
for
5
di
ff
e
ren
t
resonan
t
f
requen
ci
es
3,
5.2
,
6.5
,8.8,
10.
3,
an
d
12
G
H
z,
ar
e
dem
on
strat
ed
in
Figure
15
(a)
-
(e
)
res
pecti
vely
.
The
radi
at
ion
patte
rn
is
abo
ut
om
nid
irect
io
nal
at
lowe
r
fr
e
qu
e
ncies
an
d
becam
e
m
or
e
directi
on
al
at
hig
he
r
f
reque
ncies,
w
hile
be
ca
m
e
wo
rse
ns
at
hig
he
r
fr
e
qu
e
ncy
side
du
e
to of
the e
xistance
of
h
ig
he
r order
m
od
es.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IS
S
N
:
2088
-
8708
In
t J
Elec
&
C
om
p
En
g,
V
ol.
10
, No
.
1
,
Febr
uar
y
2020 :
90
8
-
918
916
Figure
15. T
he
sim
ulate
d
rad
i
at
ion
patte
rn fo
r diffe
ren
t
res
onat
e f
reque
ncie
s for
t
he pr
opose
d
a
nten
na
6.
A
COMP
AR
I
SON
OF
TH
E
IN
VESTI
N
ATED
A
NTENNA
WITH
THE
OTHE
R
REPO
RTED
WORK
To
se
e
the
ef
f
ect
ive
of
t
he
pro
posed
a
nten
na
a
com
par
is
on
wit
h
oth
e
r
repor
te
d
w
ork
s
in
te
rm
s
of
anten
na
dim
en
sion,
ope
rati
ng
ba
nd,
num
ber
of
notc
he
d
filt
er
pea
k
gain
,
a
nd
t
he
fr
a
ct
io
na
l
band
width
i
s
li
ste
d
in
T
able
4.
From
the
ta
ble,
it
is
evide
nt
th
at
the
dim
ension
s
of
the
ant
enn
a
are
acce
pt
able
com
par
e
d
wit
h
oth
e
r
w
orks.
T
he
f
racti
on
al
ba
ndwidt
h
of
th
e
dif
fe
ren
t
repor
te
d
w
orks
va
ries
from
11
7.88%
to
13
3.3
%,
w
hile
this
work
is
12
9%
in
[22]
the
fr
act
ion
al
ba
ndwi
dth
is
m
or
e
than
in
this
w
ork
w
hich
eq
ua
l
13
3.3%
bu
t
wh
e
n
com
par
ed
t
he ban
dwidth
of t
he no
tc
hed b
a
nd this
work is
narrowe
r
the
it
.
Table
4.
C
om
par
i
son
of the i
nvest
igate
d ante
nn
a
w
it
h ot
her
repor
te
d woks
Ref
.
An
t.
Di
m
en
sio
n
[
m
m
3
]
Op
erating
f
requ
en
cy
[
GHz]
No
.
o
f
ban
d
no
tch
[
GHz]
BW
o
f
no
tch
ed
b
an
d
s [
GHz]
Peak
gain
[
(dB
i]
Fraction
al
b
an
d
wid
th
%
[
1
8
]
2
7
×3
6
×1
.6
2
.95
-
1
2
.65
W
iM
AX
(3.2
6
-
3
.9)
0
.64
<6
.15
1
2
4
.36
ARN (4.3
5
-
5
.05
)
0
.7
W
L
AN
(5.5
-
5
.65
)
0
.15
ITU
-
8
(
7
.95
-
9
.35
)
1
.4
[
1
9
]
3
0
×3
3
.5×0
.8
2
.88
–
1
2
.67
W
iM
AX
(3.4
3
-
3
.85
)
0
.42
N/A
1
2
5
.9
W
L
AN
(5.2
6
–
6
.01)
0
.75
X
-
b
an
d
satellite
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
(
7
.
0
5
–
7
.6
8
)
0
.63
IT
U 8
GHz
(8.0
8
–
8
.87
)
0
.79
[
2
0
]
3
0
×2
8
×0
.5
0
8
3
-
11
W
iM
AX
(3.3
-
3
.36
)
0
.06
<5
1
2
8
.6
IVSA
T
(4.5
0
–
4
.70
)
0
.2
Lower
W
LAN
(5.
1
5
–
5
.3
5
)
0
.2
Up
p
er
W
LAN
(
5
.7
0
–
5
.825)
0
.12
5
[
2
2
]
4
3
×2
8
×1
.6
2
.8
-
14
W
iM
AX
(2.7
–
3
.4)
0
.7
<6
.4
1
3
3
.3
C
-
b
an
d
(
3
.4
–
4
.5)
1
.1
W
L
AN
(5.4
–
6
.1)
0
.7
X
-
b
an
d
(
6
.8
–
9
.9)
3
.1
[
2
3
]
2
6
×2
8
×0
.4
3
.1
-
12
W
L
AN
(5.1
–
5
.43
)
0
.33
>6
1
1
7
.88
W
L
AN(5.7
8
–
5
.98
)
0
.17
X
-
Ban
d
(
7
.2
–
7
.79
)
0
.59
IT
U
(8.0
3
–
8
.83
)
0
.8
[
2
5
]
2
8
×3
0
×1
.5
2
4
2
.6
-
12
S
-
b
an
d
(
2
.70
-
3
.10
)
0
.4
4
.75
1
2
8
.76
d
o
wn
lin
k
C
-
b
an
d
(
3
.70
-
4
.20
)
0
.5
W
L
AN
(4.9
0
-
5
.75
)
0
.85
W
PA
N (
6
.60
-
7
.40
)
0
.8
This
wo
rk
3
6
×2
4
×1
.6
3
.02
-
14
W
I
MAX
(
3
.18
-
3
.84
)
0
.66
4
.8
129
ARN (
4
.1
-
4
.4.6
2
)
0
.52
W
L
AN
(
5
.35
-
5
.92
)
0
.57
X
-
Ban
d
(
7
.02
-
8
.06
)
1
.02
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
In
t J
Elec
&
C
om
p
En
g
IS
S
N: 20
88
-
8708
A p
l
anar
UWB
sem
ic
irc
ul
ar
-
s
hape
d mon
opol
e a
nte
nna
wi
t
h qua
dr
uple
.
..
(
Majed O.
Al
-
Dwa
iri
)
917
7.
CONCL
US
I
O
N
In
this
pa
per
,
qu
a
dru
ple
no
t
ched
f
re
qu
e
nc
y
bands
ultra
-
wide
band
(
U
WB)
m
onopol
e
ante
nn
a
ha
s
been
intr
oduce
d.
T
he
ante
nn
a
has
a
sem
ic
irc
ular
-
sh
a
pe
d
pa
tc
h
an
d
pri
nted
on
FR
4
s
ubtra
ct
of
a
c
om
pact
siz
e
36x24
m
m
.
T
he
a
nten
na
ha
s
a
f
racti
on
al
band
width
of
129
%
.
F
our
diff
e
re
nt
slots
co
nf
ig
urat
ions
with
op
ti
m
iz
ed
dim
ensio
ns
ha
ve
be
en
in
serted
in
the
a
nten
na
e
lem
ents
for
ac
hieving
quad
r
uple
notc
he
d
na
rrow
bands
as;
m
irro
re
d
L
-
s
hap
e
d
connecte
d
f
r
om
the
top
slot
was
et
c
hed
on
the
fee
d
li
ne
f
or
el
im
inati
ng
W
iM
A
X
sp
ect
r
um
,
inv
e
rted
U
-
s
ha
ped
was
et
che
d
on
the
patch
for
sup
pr
essi
ng
ARN
fr
e
quenc
y
range,
a
s
plit
ring
resonato
r
(S
R
R)
was
inse
rted
on
t
he
patch
for
sto
ppin
g
W
LAN
co
nfl
ic
tio
n,
a
nd
L
-
s
ha
pe
d
slot
was
et
c
hed
on
the
par
ti
al
gro
und
pla
ne
f
or
X
-
ba
nd
s
uppre
ssion.
The
sim
ulati
on
stu
dy
s
hows
that
the
anten
na
has
a
good
i
m
ped
ance
ba
ndwidt
h,
a
m
axim
u
m
gain
m
or
e
than
4.5
dBi,
a
ra
diati
o
n
e
ff
ic
ie
ncy
m
or
e
than
80
%
ov
e
r
the
U
W
B
s
pec
trum
,
and
ra
diati
on
patte
r
n
f
or
diff
e
ren
t
re
s
on
a
nt
fr
e
quen
c
ie
s
wer
e
dem
on
strat
ed
.
The
a
nten
na
perform
ance has bee
n veri
fied
th
r
ough the
c
om
par
ison st
ud
y wit
h othe
r de
sign re
ported
in
the
li
te
ratur
e
.
REFERE
NCE
S
[1]
Feder
al
Com
m
u
nic
a
ti
ons
Com
m
ission,
“
Revi
sio
n
of
Part
15
of
the
comm
ission’
s
rule
s
r
ega
rdin
g
ult
r
a
-
wideb
an
d
tra
nsm
ission s
y
stems
,
”
Fi
rs
t
R
ep
ort an
d
Or
der,
F
C
C
02
,
V48
,
Ap
r
2002.
[2]
Maje
d
O.
Dw
ai
r
i,
Moham
ed
S.
Solim
an,
Ahm
ad
A.
Alahmadi
,
Sam
i
H.
A.
Al
m
al
ki,
Im
an
I.
M.
Abu
Sula
y
m
an
,
“
Design
and
Perform
anc
e
Anal
ysis
of
Frac
ta
l
Re
gula
r
Slott
ed
-
Pat
ch
Antenna
s
for
Ultra
-
W
ide
band
Com
m
unic
at
ion
S
y
stems
,
”
W
ireless
Pe
rs
onal
Co
mm
unic
ati
ons
,
v
ol.
105(3)
,
pp
.
8
19
-
833,
Apr
201
9.
[3]
Maje
d
O
Dw
ai
r
i,
Moham
ed
S
Solim
an,
Ahm
ad
A
Alahmadi,
Im
an
IM
Abu
Sula
y
m
an
,
Sam
i
H.
A.
Alm
al
k
i
,
“
Design
reg
ula
r
fra
ct
a
l
slot
-
an
t
enna
s
for
ult
ra
-
wideba
nd
applic
at
ions
,
”
Progress
In
El
ec
tromagnetics
Re
search
Symposium
-
Spring
(PIERS),
pp
.
3875
-
3880,
201
7.
[4]
Moham
ed
S.
S
oli
m
an,
Maj
ed
O.
Dw
ai
ri,
Im
a
n
I.
M.
Abu
Sula
y
m
an
,
“
The
E
ffe
ct
of
the
Gro
und
Slots
up
on
the
Bandwid
th
Perform
anc
e
for
UW
B
Antenna
,
”
Inte
rnational
J
ournal
of
Engi
n
ee
ring
R
ese
arch
and
Technol
ogy
,
vol.
12
,
pp
.
227
-
230,
2019
.
[5]
Moham
ed
S.
So
li
m
an,
Maj
ed
O.
Dw
ai
ri,
Ahm
a
d
A.
Alahmadi,
“
Design
and
P
erf
orm
anc
e
Ana
l
y
sis
of
an
UW
B
Patc
h
Antenn
a
with
Enha
n
ce
d
Bandwidt
h
Char
ac
t
eri
sti
cs
,
”
P
roce
ed
ings
of
12th
European
Conf
ere
nce
on
Anten
nas
and
Propagati
on
(
EuCA
P
2018)
,
Apr 2018.
[6]
Moham
ed
S.
Solim
an,
Maje
d
O
.
Al
-
Dw
ai
ri,
Am
ja
d
Y.
Hendi
,
an
d
Zi
ad
Alq
adi
,
“
A
Com
pac
t
Ultr
a
-
W
ide
band
Pat
ch
Antenna
wit
h
Dual
Band
-
No
tc
h
Perform
anc
e
fo
r
W
iMAX
/
WL
AN
Servic
es,
”
IEE
E
Jordan
I
nte
rnational
Join
t
Confe
renc
e
on
E
le
c
tric
al
Engi
n
e
ering
and
In
formation
Techno
lo
gy
,
pp
.
72
-
7
6,
Apr
2019.
[7]
Am
ir,
Alimgeer
Khurram
Sale
em,
Ifti
khar
Adnan
,
Ij
az
Bil
al
,
Kim
Kang
W
oo
k
,
Moh
y
uddin
,
“
D
ual
notc
h
ba
nd
UW
B
ant
enna
with
improved
notc
h
ch
aract
er
i
stic
s,”
M
ic
rowa
ve
and
Opti
cal
Technol
ogy
Le
tt
ers
,
vol
60
(
4
)
,
pp
.
925
-
930
,
20
17.
[8]
Za
hra
Esm
at
i,
Mahdi
Moos
az
a
deh,
“
Design
of
Com
pac
t
Dual
Band
-
Notche
d
UW
B
Antenna
using
Slott
e
d
Conduct
or
-
Ba
ck
ed
Plan
e,”
Arabi
an
Journal for S
ci
en
ce and
Eng
i
nee
ring
,
vol
.
39
(
6
)
,
pp
.
47
-
4713
.
2014.
[9]
Hui
Li
,
Le
K
ang
,
Da
-
W
ei
Mi
,
an
d
Ying
-
Ze
ng
Yi
n,
“
Sim
ple
Dual
Band
-
Notche
d
U
wb
Antenna
Lo
a
ded
W
it
h
Single
U
-
Shaped
Reson
at
or
,
”
M
ic
rowav
e
and
Opt
ic
a
l
Te
chnol
ogy
Letters
, v
ol
.
57
(
9
),
pp
.
2129
-
2134,
201
5.
[10]
J.
Kaz
im,
A.
B
i
bi,
M.
Rauf
,
M.
Ta
riq
,
Ow
ai
s,
“
A
compac
t
pla
n
ar
dual
b
and
-
not
che
d
m
onop
ole
ant
enn
a
for
UW
B
appl
i
ca
t
ion
,
”
Mi
crow.
Opt
.
Tech
nol.
Le
tt
.
,
vol. 5
6
(
5
)
,
pp
.
1095
-
1
097,
2014
.
[11]
Si
-
Yan
Chen
and
Qing
-
Xin
Chu,
“
A
Rec
onfigura
ble
Dual
Not
ch
ed
-
Band
UW
B
Antenna
,
”
2015
IEE
E
4th
Asia
-
Pac
ific
Confe
ren
ce
on
An
te
nnas
and
Propagati
on
(
AP
CAP
)
,
pp
.
1
03
-
104,
2015
.
[12]
Sw
at
i
Yada
v,
Anil
Kum
ar
Ga
uta
m
and
Binod
Kum
ar
Kana
uji
a
,
“
Design
of
dual
band
-
not
c
hed
la
m
p
-
shap
ed
ant
enn
a
with
U
W
B
cha
racte
rist
ic
s
,
”
In
te
rnation
al
Journal
of
M
ic
rowave
and
Wirel
ess
Techno
logi
es
,
vo
l.
9(2
)
,
pp.
395
–
402
,
20
17.
[13]
Mahm
oud
Bahmani,
Jal
il
Ma
zloum
,
Naser
Oja
roudi
P
,
“
Com
pac
t
Du
al
Band
-
Notche
d
Monop
ole
Antenn
a
wit
h
Modifie
d
R
adi
a
t
ing
Pat
ch
for
UW
B
W
ire
le
ss
Applicati
ons,
”
W
i
rele
ss
Pe
rs
Com
mun
,
vol
.
96
,
pp
.
125
–
134,
2017.
[14]
Jee
t
Bane
r
je
e
e
t
al.
,
“
A
Com
pac
t
Printe
d
UW
B
Monopole
Antenna
with
Tri
ple
Band
Notch
Chara
cteri
sti
cs,
”
201
8
3rd Int
ernati
ona
l
Conf
ere
nce on Mic
rowave
and
Phot
onic
s
(
ICMAP
2018)
,
F
eb
2
018.
[15]
Debde
ep
Sark
ar
et
al
.
,
“
Com
pac
t
Microstri
p
-
Fed
Tri
pl
e
Band
-
Not
che
d
UW
B
Monopole
Antenn
a,”
IEE
E
Antennas
and
Wireless
Propagati
on
Le
tt
er
s
,
vol
.
13,
pp.
39
6
-
399,
2014
.
[16]
W
asa
n
H.
Althubi
ta
t
Al
Am
ro,
Moham
ed
K.
Abdela
z
eez,
“
Monopole
Tri
-
B
a
nd
Notche
d
Chara
c
te
rist
ic
s
UW
B
Antenna
for
W
iMAX
,
C
-
Band,
W
LAN
and
X
-
Band
Applicati
ons,
”
2018
9
th
Int
ernati
onal
Confe
ren
ce
on
Information
and
Comm
unic
ati
on
Syste
ms
(
ICICS),
pp
.
198
-
202
,
2
018.
[17]
Manish
Sharm
a
et
al
.
,
“
Com
pac
t
prin
te
d
h
igh
rej
e
ct
ion
tri
p
le
band
-
notc
h
UW
B
ant
enn
a
with
m
ult
ipl
e
wir
eless
appl
i
ca
t
ions,”
E
ngine
ering
Scien
ce
and
Techno
lo
gy,
an
Int
ernati
o
nal
Journal
,
vo
l.
19
,
pp.
1626
–
16
34
,
2016
.
[18]
Hari
Shankar
Mewara
e
t
al
.
,
“
A
print
ed
m
onopole
el
l
ip
zoi
da
l
UW
B
a
nte
nna
wi
th
fo
ur
band
r
ej
e
ct
i
on
Chara
c
te
rist
ic
s,
”
Inte
rnat
ional
Jo
urnal
of El
e
ct
ro
nic
s and
Comm
u
nic
ati
ons
,
pp
.
22
2
-
231,
2018
.
[19]
Yunnan
Jin,
Jinp
il
T
ak,
Ja
ehoon
Choi,
”
Quad
rupl
e
Band
-
Notch
ed
Tra
pe
zoi
d
UW
B
Antenna
with
R
educ
ed
G
ai
ns
in
Notch
Bands,
”
J
ournal
Of
E
lectromagnet
ic E
ngin
ee
ring
And
S
ci
e
nce
,
nol
.
16(
1
)
,
pp.
35~43,
Jan.
2016.
[20]
Muhibur
Rahma
n
,
Dong
-
Sik
Ko,
and
Jung
-
Dong
Park,
“
A
Com
pac
t
Multi
p
le
Not
che
d
Ul
tra
-
W
ide
Band
Ant
enna
with
an
Anal
y
s
is
of
the
CS
RR
-
TO
-
CS
RR
C
oupli
ng
for
Portable
UW
B
Ap
pli
c
at
ions,
”
Sen
sor
s
,
vol.
17
(
10
),
pp.
2174
,
2017
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.