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r
o
ac
h
w
a
s
also
r
ec
en
t
l
y
u
s
ed
f
o
r
s
en
s
in
g
t
h
e
b
io
m
e
d
ical
s
ig
n
al
as
g
iv
e
n
i
n
[
12
]
.
Ho
w
e
v
er
,
u
p
to
d
ate,
to
th
e
au
th
o
r
s
’
k
n
o
w
led
g
e,
t
h
e
ac
h
iev
e
m
e
n
t
in
ca
p
ac
iti
v
e
lin
k
ag
e
s
tu
d
ies
i
s
n
o
t
as
s
u
cc
ess
f
u
l
as
th
e
i
n
d
u
cti
v
e
lin
k
.
T
h
is
i
s
b
ec
au
s
e
o
f
t
h
e
li
m
ited
r
an
g
e
f
ac
to
r
o
f
t
h
e
ca
p
ac
itiv
e
l
in
k
.
N
C
C
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
es
is
d
if
f
er
e
n
t
to
t
h
e
in
d
u
cti
v
e
p
o
w
er
tr
an
s
f
er
,
in
w
h
ic
h
t
h
e
elec
tr
o
m
a
g
n
etic
a
s
a
m
ec
h
an
is
m
f
o
r
tr
an
s
f
er
r
i
n
g
e
n
er
g
y
[
1
3
-
14]
.
B
u
t
I
n
C
P
T
,
th
e
elec
tr
ic
f
ield
b
et
w
ee
n
b
o
th
p
ar
allel
tr
an
s
m
it
ter
s
an
d
r
ec
eiv
er
p
lates
is
u
s
e
d
as
th
e
m
ec
h
an
is
m
f
o
r
tr
an
s
f
er
r
i
n
g
en
er
g
y
i
n
ter
m
o
f
p
o
w
er
an
d
d
ata.
I
t
w
as
th
e
s
o
lu
tio
n
to
t
h
e
I
P
T
p
r
o
b
l
e
m
w
h
ic
h
t
h
e
C
P
T
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
es
eli
m
i
n
ated
th
e
r
elativ
el
y
lar
g
e
elec
tr
o
m
ag
n
e
tic
in
ter
f
er
en
ce
f
r
o
m
th
e
s
en
s
it
iv
e
elec
tr
o
n
ic
i
m
p
lan
tab
le
d
ev
ice
[
15
]
.
Ho
w
e
v
er
,
th
e
s
ize
o
f
b
ip
o
lar
C
PT
s
y
s
te
m
ar
e
t
h
e
w
ea
k
n
e
s
s
es
th
a
t
n
ee
d
to
b
e
ad
d
r
ess
ed
in
t
h
e
d
esi
g
n
.
I
n
a
d
d
itio
n
,
th
e
b
ip
o
lar
C
P
T
s
y
s
t
e
m
e
x
p
er
ien
ci
n
g
t
h
e
h
ig
h
p
o
w
er
lo
s
s
d
u
e
to
lo
w
ca
p
ac
itiv
e
v
alu
e
a
t
b
o
th
f
o
r
w
ar
d
in
g
a
n
d
r
etu
r
n
p
ath
co
u
p
li
n
g
p
late
in
th
e
p
o
w
er
tr
an
s
m
i
ttin
g
cir
cu
it.
F
u
r
th
er
d
escr
ip
tio
n
w
ill
b
e
d
is
c
u
s
s
ed
in
t
h
e
n
e
x
t
s
ec
tio
n
[1
6
]
.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
th
is
p
ap
er
p
r
o
v
id
es
a
s
tu
d
y
o
n
th
e
H
y
b
r
id
C
P
T
s
y
s
te
m
to
s
o
l
v
e
th
e
s
ize
an
d
ef
f
icie
n
c
y
p
r
o
b
le
m
s
o
f
ex
i
s
t
in
g
C
P
T
b
ip
o
lar
s
y
s
te
m
s
.
I
n
g
e
n
er
al,
t
h
e
m
ai
n
o
b
j
ec
tiv
e
o
f
t
h
is
p
ap
er
is
to
p
r
ese
n
t
t
h
e
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
o
f
a
n
e
w
m
et
h
o
d
o
f
h
y
b
r
id
ca
p
ac
itiv
e
p
o
w
er
tr
an
s
f
er
(
C
P
T
)
f
o
r
B
io
m
ed
ical
I
m
p
lan
t
s
.
C
o
n
te
n
ts
o
f
t
h
is
p
ap
er
ar
e
o
r
g
an
ized
as
f
o
llo
w
s
:
I
n
s
ec
tio
n
2
,
th
e
b
asic
t
h
eo
r
y
o
f
th
e
ca
p
ac
iti
v
e
co
u
p
lin
g
p
o
w
er
tr
an
s
f
er
in
b
io
m
ed
ical
d
ev
ice
is
ex
p
lai
n
ed
,
an
d
it
co
n
ti
n
u
es
to
co
u
p
li
n
g
p
late
w
it
h
tis
s
u
e
a
n
al
y
s
is
i
n
s
u
b
s
ec
t
io
n
3
.
T
h
e
h
y
b
r
id
ca
p
ac
iti
v
e
l
in
k
i
s
e
x
p
lain
ed
in
s
ec
tio
n
4
a
n
d
it
co
n
ti
n
u
e
s
to
P
o
w
er
Ma
n
a
g
e
m
e
n
t
w
h
ic
h
co
n
s
i
s
ts
th
e
s
i
m
u
latio
n
o
n
d
esi
g
n
in
g
c
lass
E
p
o
w
er
a
m
p
li
f
ier
w
it
h
C
P
T
ap
p
lied
.
T
h
e
d
r
a
w
b
ac
k
s
a
n
d
s
o
lu
ti
o
n
o
f
t
h
e
s
y
s
te
m
ar
e
d
is
c
u
s
s
ed
i
n
s
ec
tio
n
6
,
th
e
r
e
m
ai
n
i
n
g
s
ec
tio
n
is
t
h
e
co
n
clu
s
io
n
an
d
t
h
e
f
u
tu
r
e
d
ev
e
lo
p
m
e
n
t
o
f
t
h
is
s
t
u
d
y
.
T
h
e
p
ap
er
s
u
m
m
ar
izes
t
h
e
r
ese
ar
ch
n
ee
d
s
o
f
ca
p
ac
iti
v
e
w
ir
ele
s
s
p
o
w
er
tr
an
s
f
er
in
b
io
m
ed
ical
i
m
p
la
n
tab
le
d
ev
ice
's
t
ec
h
n
o
lo
g
y
.
I
n
o
r
d
er
to
i
m
p
r
o
v
e
th
e
s
y
s
te
m
,
th
e
s
tu
d
y
r
e
m
ai
n
s
o
p
en
to
d
is
co
v
er
t
h
e
b
est
s
o
l
u
tio
n
.
T
h
u
s
,
th
e
a
u
t
h
o
r
p
r
ep
ar
es
p
lan
s
f
u
tu
r
e
w
o
r
k
f
o
r
th
ese
r
esear
c
h
an
d
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t o
f
C
P
T
in
th
e
b
io
m
ed
ical
i
m
p
lan
tab
le
d
ev
i
ce
.
2.
CAP
ACI
T
I
V
E
CO
UP
L
I
N
G
P
O
WE
R
T
R
ANSF
E
R
I
N
B
I
O
M
E
DICA
L
DE
V
I
C
E
C
P
T
a
p
p
r
o
ac
h
es
is
a
w
ir
eles
s
p
o
w
er
tr
an
s
f
er
s
c
h
e
m
e
u
s
i
n
g
a
p
air
o
f
co
u
p
lin
g
p
late
t
o
tr
an
s
f
er
elec
tr
ical
f
ield
th
r
o
u
g
h
a
d
ielec
tr
ic
b
ar
r
ier
.
T
h
is
s
c
h
e
m
e
is
p
er
f
o
r
m
ed
b
y
t
h
e
d
is
p
lace
m
e
n
t
o
f
cu
r
r
en
t
w
ith
o
u
t
a
co
n
d
u
cto
r
as a
m
ed
iu
m
f
o
r
th
e
tr
an
s
f
er
o
f
c
h
ar
g
e
s
.
T
h
e
p
o
w
er
i
n
g
s
y
s
te
m
co
n
s
i
s
ts
o
f
p
air
s
o
f
co
n
d
u
cto
r
p
late
lo
ca
ted
o
n
eith
er
s
id
e
o
f
t
h
e
s
k
i
n
o
f
ce
r
tai
n
tis
s
u
e
t
h
ick
n
e
s
s
,
a
n
d
its
f
o
r
m
a
ca
p
ac
iti
v
e
co
u
p
li
n
g
w
h
ich
to
en
ab
le
t
h
e
w
ir
ele
s
s
p
o
w
er
tr
an
s
f
er
[
17
].
T
h
e
p
r
in
cip
le
o
f
C
P
T
w
ir
eless
p
o
w
er
tr
an
s
f
er
is
ab
o
u
t
t
h
e
d
is
p
lace
m
e
n
t
c
u
r
r
en
t
to
tr
an
s
f
er
th
e
p
o
w
er
b
et
w
ee
n
t
w
o
co
n
tactle
s
s
co
n
d
u
cto
r
p
la
tes.
T
o
g
eth
er
w
i
th
t
h
at,
co
n
d
u
ctio
n
cu
r
r
e
n
t
al
s
o
i
n
d
u
ce
d
b
et
w
ee
n
b
o
t
h
p
lates.
B
o
th
d
is
p
lace
m
en
t a
n
d
co
n
d
u
ctio
n
eq
u
atio
n
s
ar
e
g
i
v
en
i
n
(
1
)
an
d
(
2
)
,
r
esp
ec
tiv
el
y
[
1
8
-
19
]
.
=
0
(
)
⃗
(
1
)
=
(
)
(
)
(
2
)
Fo
r
a
co
m
p
lete
cir
cu
it
o
f
p
o
w
er
d
eliv
er
y
to
lo
ad
in
b
ip
o
lar
C
P
T
s
y
s
te
m
,
t
w
o
s
u
c
h
ca
p
ac
itan
ce
s
ar
e
r
eq
u
ir
ed
.
I
n
o
r
d
e
r
to
im
p
r
o
v
e
th
e
ef
f
ec
ti
v
e
p
o
w
er
d
eli
v
er
y
,
d
is
p
lace
m
en
t
cu
r
r
en
t
s
h
o
u
ld
b
e
in
cr
ea
s
ed
w
h
ile
th
e
co
n
d
u
ctio
n
cu
r
r
e
n
t
n
ee
d
s
to
m
i
n
i
m
ize
a
s
lo
w
a
s
p
o
s
s
ib
le
to
r
ed
u
ce
t
h
e
p
o
w
er
lo
s
s
w
i
th
co
n
s
id
er
in
g
th
e
p
ar
am
eter
o
f
ar
ea
(
A
)
,
elec
tr
i
c
f
ield
€
,
d
is
tan
ce
(
D)
,
an
d
r
elativ
e
p
er
m
i
tti
v
it
y
(
ϵ
r
)
in
o
p
ti
m
u
m
v
al
u
es
[
20
].
Fro
m
th
e
d
is
p
lace
m
e
n
t
c
u
r
r
en
t
eq
u
at
io
n
i
n
(
1
)
,
th
er
e
ar
e
s
ev
er
al
p
ar
a
m
eter
s
th
at
a
r
e
p
o
s
s
ib
le
to
b
e
m
an
ip
u
lated
in
o
r
d
er
to
in
cr
ea
s
e
th
e
d
is
p
lace
m
e
n
t
c
u
r
r
en
t
an
d
at
th
e
s
a
m
e
ti
m
e
to
i
m
p
r
o
v
e
th
e
p
o
w
er
tr
an
s
f
er
ef
f
icien
c
y
.
Am
o
n
g
t
h
e
m
,
t
h
e
p
ar
am
eter
o
f
elec
tr
ic
f
iel
d
s
tr
en
g
th
,
E
i
s
t
h
e
m
o
s
t
a
f
f
ec
ted
o
n
e
to
t
h
e
d
is
p
lace
m
e
n
t
cu
r
r
en
t
v
al
u
e.
T
h
ese
p
ar
a
m
eter
s
ca
n
i
m
p
r
o
v
e
th
e
e
f
f
icie
n
c
y
b
y
i
n
cr
ea
s
in
g
th
e
tr
a
n
s
m
it
ter
ex
citatio
n
v
o
lta
g
e
an
d
r
ed
u
c
in
g
th
e
s
ep
ar
atio
n
d
is
ta
n
ce
b
et
w
ee
n
th
e
co
u
p
lin
g
p
lates.
T
h
e
d
is
p
lace
m
e
n
t
cu
r
r
en
t
v
al
u
e
is
also
af
f
ec
ted
b
y
t
h
e
r
ate
o
f
ch
an
g
e
o
f
th
e
el
ec
tr
ic
f
ield
.
T
h
u
s
th
e
ef
f
ic
ie
n
c
y
ca
n
b
e
i
m
p
r
o
v
ed
b
y
in
cr
ea
s
in
g
t
h
e
o
p
er
atin
g
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
[
2
1
]
.
B
esid
es
th
at,
i
n
cr
ea
s
in
g
t
h
e
m
ag
n
it
u
d
e
o
f
t
h
e
elec
tr
ic
f
ie
ld
also
ca
n
i
m
p
r
o
v
e
th
e
tr
a
n
s
f
er
r
in
g
p
o
w
er
ef
f
icien
c
y
,
w
h
er
eb
y
it
ca
n
b
e
d
o
n
e
b
y
ex
p
an
d
in
g
t
h
e
co
n
d
u
cto
r
o
f
th
e
co
u
p
lin
g
p
late
ar
ea
[
2
2
-
23
]
.
Ho
w
e
v
er
,
all
t
h
e
p
ar
a
m
eter
s
w
er
e
li
m
ited
b
y
t
h
e
b
io
m
ed
ical
i
m
p
la
n
tab
le
d
ev
ice
s
p
ec
if
ica
tio
n
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8708
I
n
t J
E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
,
Vo
l.
9
,
No
.
4
,
A
u
g
u
s
t 2
0
1
9
:
2
3
3
6
-
2345
2338
Sin
ce
t
h
e
p
air
s
o
f
co
n
d
u
cto
r
p
late
(
lim
ited
B
io
h
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d
d
im
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n
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io
n
)
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ep
ar
ated
D
b
y
a
f
e
w
m
illi
m
eter
tis
s
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es
(
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m
m
)
as
t
h
e
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ielec
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ic
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ed
iu
m
ϵ
r
,
σ
,
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p
o
w
e
r
tr
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s
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er
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tr
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i
s
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m
ite
d
d
u
e
to
th
e
w
ea
k
ca
p
ac
itan
ce
v
al
u
es[
24
]
.
T
h
u
s
,
a
f
e
w
m
il
li
m
e
ter
s
d
ee
p
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s
u
es
w
h
ich
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o
s
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n
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er
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y
er
o
f
s
k
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n
as
ill
u
s
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ated
in
F
ig
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r
e
1
[
25
]
.
B
esid
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at,
th
e
s
u
r
f
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ar
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o
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th
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h
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s
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ai
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n
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to
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h
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m
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tab
le
d
e
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ce
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eq
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en
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n
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esi
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n
i
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p
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s
s
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er
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o
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th
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io
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p
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s
e,
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e
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e
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o
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er
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a
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o
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o
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eliv
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f
icie
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r
m
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ef
f
ec
ti
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e
r
an
g
e
o
f
s
y
s
te
m
an
d
o
th
er
s
[
2
6
].
Fig
u
r
e
1
illu
s
tr
ates
t
h
e
p
air
o
f
co
u
p
li
n
g
p
late
u
s
ed
i
n
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ip
o
lar
C
P
T
s
y
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te
m
f
o
r
b
io
m
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m
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la
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ices.
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ip
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C
P
T
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y
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te
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eq
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ir
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o
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ate
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2
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h
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att
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e
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is
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o
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s
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in
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e
d
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h
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s
,
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th
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r
s
w
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T
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te
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w
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T
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te
m
.
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ese
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e
w
d
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g
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w
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ll
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ce
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ize
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m
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at
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f
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e
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d
is
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s
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te
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er
s
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th
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p
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C
o
u
p
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g
P
late
w
ith
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e
s
p
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if
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ce
th
e
d
is
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s
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o
n
C
o
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P
late
w
it
h
T
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e
A
n
al
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i
s
g
i
v
e
n
in
th
e
n
e
x
t sectio
n
.
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
P
air
co
u
p
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g
p
late
b
ip
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lar
C
PT
s
y
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te
m
f
o
r
i
m
p
la
n
t
ab
le
d
ev
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E
f
f
ec
ts
o
f
s
elec
ti
n
g
3.
CO
UP
L
I
N
G
P
L
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WI
T
H
T
I
S
SUE
A
NALY
SI
S
T
o
d
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n
t
h
e
ca
p
ac
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p
o
w
e
r
tr
an
s
f
er
f
o
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th
e
b
io
m
ed
ical
p
u
r
p
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s
e,
it
is
i
m
p
o
r
tan
t
to
i
n
v
e
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tig
a
te
th
e
ch
ar
ac
ter
is
tic
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th
e
co
u
p
lin
g
p
late
w
h
er
e
th
is
w
i
ll
b
e
u
s
ed
as
a
m
ed
iu
m
f
o
r
p
o
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Fro
m
t
h
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ar
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m
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s
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s
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M
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d
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to
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9
cm
2
.
T
o
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r
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e
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Fi
g
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2
.
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ap
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0
MH
z
as sh
o
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Fi
g
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r
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3.
Fig
u
r
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2
.
Dielec
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x
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u
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tes
t
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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lec
&
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I
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h
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2345
2340
4.
H
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RID CA
P
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w
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Fig
u
r
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4
ill
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s
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ate
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id
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P
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u
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4
.
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lass
E
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r
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v
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in
g
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cu
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t [
2
7
]
B
ased
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F
i
g
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4
,
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ter
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t o
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f
icie
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[
26
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.
Ho
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ec
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s
w
itc
h
i
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g
[
27
]
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h
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izatio
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as
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co
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b
y
m
an
y
r
esear
ch
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s
[
28
]
.
T
h
e
o
p
ti
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tio
n
p
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w
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an
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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:
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I
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2342
a
m
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ier
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ies
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[
29
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as
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n
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J
E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
I
SS
N:
2
0
8
8
-
8708
A
n
ew d
esig
n
o
f c
a
p
a
citive
p
o
w
er tr
a
n
s
fe
r
b
a
s
ed
o
n
h
y
b
r
id
a
p
p
r
o
a
c
h
f
o
r
b
io
med
ica
l…
(
Za
ki
Mu
s
ta
p
a
)
2343
Fig
u
r
e
11
.
T
h
e
v
o
ltag
e
ac
r
o
s
s
an
o
u
tp
u
t lo
ad
Fig
u
r
e
12
.
C
u
r
r
en
t a
cr
o
s
s
a
n
o
u
tp
u
t lo
ad
T
ab
le
2
.
T
h
e
r
esu
lt
o
f
t
h
e
s
i
m
u
latio
n
R
es
u
lt
Valu
e
Ou
tp
u
t V
o
ltag
e
(
V
RL
)
2
1
.
3
9
V
p
C
u
r
r
en
t O
u
tp
u
t (
I
out
)
0
.
4
2
7
8
A
p
6.
DRAWB
ACK
S AN
D
SO
L
U
T
I
O
N
P
o
w
er
tr
a
n
s
f
er
ef
f
ic
ien
c
y
P
T
E
is
an
i
m
p
o
r
tan
t
v
a
lu
e
w
h
i
ch
to
en
s
u
r
in
g
t
h
e
f
in
a
l
lo
a
d
r
ec
eiv
es
en
o
u
g
h
p
o
w
er
f
o
r
th
eir
cir
cu
it
o
p
er
atio
n
.
Sin
ce
th
e
C
P
T
ef
f
i
cien
c
y
v
er
y
s
en
s
iti
v
e
to
ch
an
g
es
in
t
h
e
alig
n
m
en
t
o
f
co
u
p
lin
g
ca
p
ac
itiv
e
p
lates,
th
e
p
o
w
er
d
eliv
er
y
o
n
th
e
r
ec
eiv
er
w
i
ll
b
e
in
co
n
s
i
s
te
n
c
y
v
alu
e
[
3
1
]
.
T
h
is
is
a
ch
alle
n
g
e
f
o
r
r
esear
ch
er
s
to
f
i
n
d
s
o
l
u
tio
n
s
to
th
e
i
n
co
n
s
is
te
n
c
y
p
r
o
b
le
m
s
o
f
p
o
w
er
o
u
tp
u
t.
F
u
r
th
er
m
o
r
e,
th
i
s
s
y
s
te
m
s
h
o
u
ld
b
e
d
esig
n
ed
f
o
llo
w
i
n
g
t
h
e
r
eq
u
ir
e
m
e
n
t
o
f
d
ev
ices
an
d
th
e
b
io
s
af
e
t
y
s
p
ec
if
icatio
n
s
ta
n
d
ar
d
[
3
2
]
.
I
n
o
r
d
er
to
an
al
y
ze
li
m
it
atio
n
o
f
b
io
s
a
f
et
y
i
n
t
h
e
s
y
s
te
m
,
s
p
ec
i
f
ic
ab
s
o
r
p
tio
n
r
ate
(
S
AR
)
an
al
y
s
is
n
ee
d
to
b
e
d
o
n
e
to
s
ee
th
e
m
ax
i
m
u
m
li
m
it o
f
t
h
i
s
d
esig
n
[
3
3
]
.
I
n
o
r
d
er
to
co
m
p
lete
t
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
m
e
th
o
d
o
f
h
y
b
r
id
ca
p
a
citiv
e
p
o
w
er
tr
an
s
f
er
in
th
e
b
io
m
ed
ical
i
m
p
lan
tab
le
d
ev
ice,
th
e
s
t
u
d
y
r
e
m
ai
n
s
o
p
en
to
d
is
co
v
er
t
h
e
b
est
s
o
l
u
tio
n
.
T
h
e
i
m
p
r
o
v
e
m
en
t
ca
n
b
e
s
tu
d
ied
th
r
o
u
g
h
s
e
v
er
al
p
ar
ts
o
f
th
e
s
y
s
te
m
,
s
u
ch
as
t
h
e
f
ee
d
b
ac
k
an
d
r
eg
u
lati
n
g
th
e
o
p
er
atin
g
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
,
d
esi
g
n
o
f
i
m
p
ed
an
ce
m
a
tch
i
n
g
,
an
d
d
esig
n
o
f
co
u
p
lin
g
ca
p
ac
itiv
e
p
l
ate
[
34
]
.
T
h
u
s
,
an
ef
f
icie
n
t
a
n
d
r
eliab
le
w
a
y
o
f
ca
p
ac
itiv
e
w
ir
eles
s
p
o
w
er
tr
an
s
f
er
f
o
r
i
m
p
lan
tab
le
b
io
m
ed
ic
al
d
ev
ices is e
x
p
ec
ted
as a
s
u
c
ce
s
s
f
u
l o
u
tco
m
e.
7.
CO
NCLU
SI
O
N
T
h
is
p
ap
er
is
to
p
r
ep
ar
e
a
n
e
w
m
et
h
o
d
o
f
h
y
b
r
id
ca
p
ac
itiv
e
p
o
w
er
tr
an
s
f
er
in
t
h
e
b
io
m
ed
ical
i
m
p
lan
tab
le
d
ev
ice.
B
ased
o
n
th
is
s
t
u
d
y
,
h
y
b
r
id
ca
p
ac
iti
v
e
p
o
w
er
tr
a
n
s
f
er
s
y
s
te
m
s
ar
e
a
n
e
w
m
e
th
o
d
t
h
at
h
a
s
th
e
p
o
ten
tial
to
ap
p
l
y
to
b
io
m
ed
ical
i
m
p
la
n
tab
le
d
ev
ices.
I
t
w
as
t
h
e
s
o
lu
tio
n
to
th
e
b
ip
o
lar
C
P
T
p
r
o
b
lem
w
h
ic
h
t
h
e
h
y
b
r
id
C
P
T
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
es
el
i
m
in
ated
t
h
e
r
et
u
r
n
p
ath
ac
ti
v
e
co
u
p
li
n
g
p
late
to
f
o
r
m
th
e
co
m
p
lete
cu
r
r
en
t
f
lo
w
i
n
th
e
cir
c
u
it.
T
h
e
in
v
e
s
ti
g
atio
n
p
r
o
v
ed
th
at
t
h
e
h
y
b
r
id
C
P
T
s
y
s
te
m
ab
le
to
d
e
liv
er
m
o
r
e
ef
f
icie
n
t
r
ath
er
th
a
n
t
h
e
b
ip
o
lar
s
y
s
te
m
w
h
er
e
th
e
to
tal
o
f
o
u
tp
u
t
r
ea
ctan
ce
v
al
u
e
h
as
b
ee
n
r
ed
u
ce
d
s
i
g
n
i
f
ica
n
tl
y
.
Ho
w
e
v
er
,
all
th
e
p
ar
a
m
eter
s
e
s
p
ec
iall
y
s
ize
an
d
b
io
s
af
et
y
wer
e
li
m
ited
b
y
th
e
b
io
m
ed
ical
i
m
p
lan
tab
le
d
ev
ice
s
p
ec
if
icatio
n
.
C
las
s
E
Z
VS
i
n
v
er
ter
s
k
n
o
w
n
as
th
e
m
o
s
t
e
f
f
icie
n
t
i
n
v
er
ter
w
h
ic
h
th
e
s
w
itc
h
clo
s
ed
at
ze
r
o
v
o
ltag
e
co
n
d
itio
n
s
o
cc
u
r
r
ed
if
all
co
m
p
o
n
en
ts
v
al
u
es
w
a
s
p
r
o
p
er
l
y
d
esi
g
n
ed
.
Ho
w
ev
er
,
t
h
er
e
i
s
also
an
ele
m
e
n
t
o
f
in
p
u
t
i
m
p
ed
a
n
ce
a
n
d
lo
ad
i
m
p
ed
a
n
ce
eq
u
ilib
r
iu
m
th
at
n
ee
d
s
to
b
e
ascer
tai
n
ed
to
p
r
o
d
u
ce
th
e
m
a
x
i
m
u
m
p
o
w
er
at
t
h
e
o
u
tp
u
t
o
f
t
h
e
cla
s
s
e
p
o
w
er
a
m
p
li
f
ier
.
Si
n
ce
t
h
e
C
P
T
ef
f
icie
n
c
y
v
er
y
s
en
s
iti
v
e
to
ch
a
n
g
e
s
i
n
t
h
e
alig
n
m
e
n
t
o
f
co
u
p
li
n
g
ca
p
ac
itiv
e
p
lates,
th
e
p
o
w
er
d
eli
v
er
y
o
n
th
e
r
ec
eiv
er
w
ill
b
e
in
co
n
s
i
s
te
n
c
y
v
alu
e.
I
n
o
r
d
er
to
im
p
r
o
v
e
th
e
ef
f
icie
n
c
y
o
f
ch
a
n
g
i
n
g
p
o
w
er
tr
an
s
f
er
r
ed
,
th
e
s
tu
d
y
r
e
m
ai
n
s
o
p
en
to
d
is
co
v
er
th
e
|
b
est s
o
lu
tio
n
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8708
I
n
t J
E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
,
Vo
l.
9
,
No
.
4
,
A
u
g
u
s
t 2
0
1
9
:
2
3
3
6
-
2345
2344
T
h
e
i
m
p
r
o
v
e
m
e
n
t
ca
n
b
e
s
t
u
d
ied
th
r
o
u
g
h
s
e
v
er
al
p
ar
ts
o
f
th
e
s
y
s
te
m
,
s
u
ch
a
s
t
h
e
f
ee
d
b
ac
k
an
d
r
eg
u
lat
in
g
t
h
e
o
p
er
atin
g
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
,
d
e
s
ig
n
o
f
i
m
p
ed
an
ce
m
atch
i
n
g
,
a
n
d
d
esi
g
n
o
f
co
u
p
li
n
g
ca
p
ac
itiv
e
p
late.
Ho
w
e
v
er
,
t
h
er
e
ar
e
s
o
m
a
n
y
t
h
in
g
s
h
as
to
m
aster
in
,
esp
ec
i
al
l
y
o
n
t
h
e
s
ta
n
d
ar
d
o
f
p
r
o
ce
d
u
r
e
o
f
t
h
e
d
esi
g
n
in
g
ca
p
ac
itiv
e
w
ir
eless
p
o
w
er
tr
an
s
f
er
f
o
r
b
io
m
ed
ical
p
r
ac
tice.
T
h
u
s
,
th
e
au
t
h
o
r
p
r
ep
ar
es
s
ev
er
al
p
lan
s
f
o
r
f
u
t
u
r
e
w
o
r
k
f
o
r
th
ese
r
esear
c
h
an
d
d
ev
elo
p
m
e
n
t.
8.
F
UT
UR
E
DE
V
E
L
O
P
M
E
NT
S
T
h
e
d
ev
elo
p
m
e
n
t
o
f
H
y
b
r
id
C
ap
ac
it
iv
e
P
o
w
er
T
r
an
s
f
er
in
B
io
m
ed
ical
I
m
p
la
n
tab
le
De
v
ice
s
h
o
u
ld
h
av
e
t
h
eir
s
p
ec
i
f
ic
m
o
d
eli
n
g
w
h
ic
h
i
s
to
co
n
s
id
er
i
n
g
e
v
er
y
p
ar
a
m
eter
w
h
ic
h
a
f
f
ec
ti
n
g
t
h
e
w
h
o
le
o
p
er
atin
g
s
y
s
te
m
.
T
h
e
m
o
d
eli
n
g
i
n
cl
u
d
ed
th
e
p
o
w
er
m
an
a
g
e
m
e
n
t
cir
cu
it,
co
u
p
li
n
g
ca
p
ac
ito
r
w
ith
ti
s
s
u
e,
an
d
th
e
r
ec
eiv
er
p
ar
t
w
i
th
t
h
e
i
m
p
la
n
t
d
ev
ice
as
th
e
ir
lo
ad
.
T
o
d
esig
n
th
e
s
y
s
te
m
,
all
th
e
li
m
itatio
n
in
ter
m
o
f
b
io
s
af
et
y
a
n
d
th
e
d
ev
ice
r
eq
u
ir
e
m
e
n
t
s
h
o
u
ld
b
e
f
o
llo
w
ed
.
T
o
en
s
u
r
e
th
e
v
i
s
io
n
o
f
b
io
elec
tr
o
n
ic
m
ed
ici
n
e
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
y
et
to
co
m
e,
th
e
p
ath
f
o
r
th
e
in
v
e
n
to
r
ad
v
an
c
e
m
en
ts
i
n
ca
p
ac
itiv
e
w
ir
eles
s
p
o
w
er
tr
an
s
f
er
is
b
ec
o
m
i
n
g
clea
r
er
.
ACK
NO
WL
E
D
G
E
M
E
NT
S
T
h
e
au
th
o
r
s
w
o
u
ld
lik
e
to
th
an
k
U
n
i
v
er
s
iti
T
ek
n
i
k
al
Ma
l
a
y
s
ia
Me
la
k
a
(
UT
eM
)
an
d
Min
i
s
tr
y
o
f
Scien
ce
,
T
ec
h
n
o
lo
g
y
,
a
n
d
I
n
n
o
v
a
tio
n
f
o
r
s
p
o
n
s
o
r
in
g
t
h
is
w
o
r
k
u
n
d
er
th
e
Scien
ce
f
u
n
d
g
r
an
t
(
0
6
-
01
-
14
-
SF
0
1
3
8
L
0
0
0
3
0
)
.
RE
F
E
R
E
NC
E
S
[1
]
K.
A
g
a
r
w
a
l,
R.
Je
g
a
d
e
e
s
a
n
,
Y.
X
.
G
u
o
,
a
n
d
N.
V
.
T
h
a
k
o
r,
“
W
irele
ss
P
o
w
e
r
T
ra
n
s
f
e
r
S
trate
g
ies
f
o
r
Im
p
lan
tab
le
B
io
e
lec
tro
n
ics
,
”
IEE
E
Rev
iews
in
Bi
o
me
d
ica
l
E
n
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
,
v
o
l.
1
0
.
p
p
.
1
3
6
-
1
6
1
,
2
0
1
7
.
[2
]
A
.
M
.
S
o
d
a
g
a
r
a
n
d
P
.
A
m
iri
,
“
Ca
p
a
c
it
ive
c
o
u
p
li
n
g
f
o
r
p
o
we
r
a
n
d
d
a
t
a
tele
me
try
to
imp
la
n
ta
b
le
b
io
me
d
ica
l
mic
ro
sy
ste
ms
,
”
in
2
0
0
9
4
t
h
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
IEE
E/
E
M
BS
Co
n
f
e
re
n
c
e
o
n
Ne
u
ra
l
E
n
g
in
e
e
rin
g
,
NER
’0
9
,
p
p
.
4
1
1
-
4
1
4
,
2
0
0
9
.
[3
]
D.
Ro
z
a
rio
,
N.
A
.
A
z
e
e
z
,
a
n
d
S
.
S
.
W
il
li
a
m
so
n
,
“
An
a
lys
is
a
n
d
d
e
sig
n
o
f
c
o
u
p
li
n
g
c
a
p
a
c
it
o
rs
fo
r
c
o
n
ta
c
tl
e
ss
c
a
p
a
c
it
ive
p
o
we
r
tra
n
sfe
r
sy
ste
ms
,
”
in
2
0
1
6
IEE
E
T
ra
n
sp
o
rtatio
n
E
lec
tri
f
ica
ti
o
n
Co
n
f
e
re
n
c
e
a
n
d
Ex
p
o
,
IT
EC
2
0
1
6
,
2
0
1
6
.
[4
]
A
.
I.
A
l
-
K
a
lb
a
n
i,
M
.
R.
Yu
c
e
,
a
n
d
J.
M
.
Re
d
o
u
te,
“
A
b
io
sa
f
e
t
y
c
o
m
p
a
riso
n
b
e
tw
e
e
n
c
a
p
a
c
it
iv
e
a
n
d
in
d
u
c
ti
v
e
c
o
u
p
l
in
g
in
b
i
o
m
e
d
ica
l
i
m
p
lan
ts,”
IEE
E
A
n
ten
n
a
s W
ire
l.
Pr
o
p
a
g
.
L
e
tt
.
,
v
o
l.
1
3
,
p
p
.
1
1
6
8
-
1
1
7
1
,
2
0
1
4
.
[5
]
A
.
M
.
S
o
d
a
g
a
r
a
n
d
K.
Na
ja
f
i,
“
W
ir
e
le
ss
in
ter
fa
c
e
s
fo
r
imp
la
n
ta
b
le
b
io
me
d
ica
l
mic
ro
sy
ste
ms
,
”
in
M
id
w
e
st
S
y
m
p
o
siu
m
o
n
Circu
it
s a
n
d
S
y
ste
m
s,
v
o
l.
2
,
p
p
.
2
6
5
-
2
6
9
,
2
0
0
6
.
[6
]
M
.
T
a
k
h
ti
,
F
.
A
sg
a
rian
,
a
n
d
A
.
M
.
S
o
d
a
g
a
r,
“
M
o
d
e
li
n
g
o
f
a
c
a
p
a
c
i
ti
v
e
li
n
k
f
o
r
d
a
ta
tele
me
try
to
b
io
me
d
ic
a
l
imp
la
n
ts
,
”
in
2
0
1
1
IEE
E
Bio
m
e
d
ica
l
Circu
it
s a
n
d
S
y
ste
m
s Co
n
f
e
re
n
c
e
,
Bio
CA
S
2
0
1
1
,
p
p
.
1
8
1
-
1
8
4
,
2
0
1
1
.
[7
]
R.
Je
g
a
d
e
e
sa
n
,
K.
Ag
a
r
w
a
l,
Y.
-
X
.
G
u
o
,
S
.
-
C.
Ye
n
,
a
n
d
N.
V
.
T
h
a
k
o
r,
“
W
irele
ss
P
o
w
e
r
De
li
v
e
r
y
to
F
lex
ib
le
S
u
b
c
u
tan
e
o
u
s Im
p
lan
ts Usin
g
Ca
p
a
c
it
iv
e
Co
u
p
l
in
g
,
”
IEE
E
T
ra
n
s.
M
icr
o
w.
T
h
e
o
ry
T
e
c
h
.
,
v
o
l.
6
5
,
n
o
.
1
,
2
0
1
7
.
[8
]
M
.
Klin
e
,
“
Ca
p
a
c
it
iv
e
P
o
w
e
r
T
r
a
n
sf
e
r,
”
Re
p
o
rt,
p
p
.
1
-
3
5
,
2
0
1
0
.
[9
]
R.
Je
g
a
d
e
e
sa
n
,
K.
Ag
a
r
w
a
l,
Y.
-
X
.
G
u
o
,
S
.
-
C.
Ye
n
,
a
n
d
N.
V
.
T
h
a
k
o
r,
“
W
irele
ss
P
o
w
e
r
De
li
v
e
r
y
to
F
lex
ib
le
S
u
b
c
u
tan
e
o
u
s Im
p
lan
ts Usin
g
Ca
p
a
c
it
iv
e
Co
u
p
l
in
g
,
”
IE
EE
T
ra
n
s.
M
icr
o
w.
T
h
e
o
ry
T
e
c
h
.
,
p
p
.
1
-
1
3
,
2
0
1
6
.
[1
0
]
a
K.
Ra
m
ra
k
h
y
a
n
i,
S
.
M
irab
b
a
si
,
M
u
Ch
iao
,
a
n
d
C.
M
,
“
De
sig
n
a
n
d
o
p
ti
m
iza
ti
o
n
o
f
re
so
n
a
n
c
e
-
b
a
se
d
e
ff
icie
n
t
w
irele
ss
p
o
w
e
r
d
e
li
v
e
r
y
s
y
st
e
m
s
f
o
r
b
io
m
e
d
ica
l
im
p
lan
ts.,
”
IEE
E
T
ra
n
s.
Bi
o
me
d
.
Circ
u
it
s
S
y
st.
,
v
o
l.
5
,
no
.
1
,
p
p
.
4
8
-
6
3
,
2
0
1
1
.
[1
1
]
J.
Da
i
a
n
d
D.
C.
L
u
d
o
is,
“
A
S
u
rv
e
y
o
f
W
irele
s
s
P
o
w
e
r
T
ra
n
s
fe
r
a
n
d
a
Crit
ica
l
Co
m
p
a
riso
n
o
f
In
d
u
c
ti
v
e
a
n
d
Ca
p
a
c
it
iv
e
Co
u
p
li
n
g
f
o
r
S
m
a
ll
Ga
p
A
p
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
s,”
IEE
E
T
ra
n
s.
P
o
we
r
El
e
c
tro
n
.
,
v
o
l.
3
0
,
n
o
.
1
1
,
p
p
.
6
0
1
7
-
6
0
2
9
,
2
0
1
5
.
[1
2
]
M
.
Klin
e
,
I.
Iz
y
u
m
in
,
B.
Bo
se
r,
a
n
d
S
.
S
a
n
d
e
rs,
“
Ca
p
a
c
it
iv
e
p
o
we
r
tra
n
sfe
r
fo
r
c
o
n
ta
c
tl
e
ss
c
h
a
rg
in
g
,”
in
Co
n
f
e
re
n
c
e
P
ro
c
e
e
d
in
g
s
-
IEE
E
A
p
p
li
e
d
P
o
w
e
r
El
e
c
tr
o
n
ics
Co
n
f
e
r
e
n
c
e
a
n
d
Ex
p
o
siti
o
n
-
A
P
EC,
p
p
.
1
3
9
8
-
1
4
0
4
,
2
0
1
1
.
[1
3
]
R.
Je
g
a
d
e
e
s
a
n
,
Y.
X
.
G
u
o
,
a
n
d
M
.
Je
,
“
El
e
c
tric
n
e
a
r
-
fi
e
ld
c
o
u
p
li
n
g
f
o
r
wire
les
s
p
o
we
r
tra
n
sfe
r
in
b
i
o
me
d
ica
l
a
p
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
s
,
”
in
2
0
1
3
IEE
E
M
T
T
-
S
In
tern
a
ti
o
n
a
l
M
icro
w
a
v
e
W
o
rk
sh
o
p
S
e
ries
o
n
RF
a
n
d
W
irele
s
s
Tec
h
n
o
lo
g
ie
s
f
o
r
Bio
m
e
d
ica
l
a
n
d
He
a
lt
h
c
a
r
e
Ap
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
s,
I
M
W
S
-
BIO 2
0
1
3
-
P
ro
c
e
e
d
in
g
s,
2
0
1
3
.
[1
4
]
R.
Je
g
a
d
e
e
s
a
n
,
K.
Ag
a
r
w
a
l,
Y.
-
X
.
G
u
o
,
S
.
-
C.
Ye
n
,
a
n
d
N.
V
.
T
h
a
k
o
r,
“
W
irele
ss
P
o
w
e
r
De
li
v
e
r
y
to
F
lex
ib
le
S
u
b
c
u
tan
e
o
u
s
Im
p
lan
ts
Us
in
g
Ca
p
a
c
it
iv
e
Co
u
p
li
n
g
,
”
IEE
E
T
ra
n
s.
M
icr
o
w.
T
h
e
o
ry
T
e
c
h
.
,
v
o
l.
6
5
,
n
o
.
1
,
p
p
.
2
8
0
-
2
9
2
,
2
0
1
7
.
[1
5
]
M
.
P
.
T
h
e
o
d
o
rid
is,
“
Ef
f
e
c
ti
v
e
c
a
p
a
c
it
iv
e
p
o
we
r
tran
s
f
e
r,
”
IE
EE
T
ra
n
s.
P
o
we
r
El
e
c
tro
n
.
,
v
o
l.
2
7
,
n
o
.
1
2
,
p
p
.
4
9
0
6
-
4
9
1
3
,
2
0
1
2
.
[1
6
]
T
.
M
.
M
o
sta
f
a
,
A
.
M
u
h
a
ra
m
,
a
n
d
R.
Ha
tt
o
ri,
“
W
irele
ss
b
a
tt
e
r
y
c
h
a
rg
in
g
s
y
ste
m
f
o
r
d
ro
n
e
s
v
ia
c
a
p
a
c
it
iv
e
p
o
w
e
r
tran
sf
e
r,
”
in
2
0
1
7
I
EE
E
P
EL
S
W
o
rk
sh
o
p
o
n
Em
e
rg
in
g
T
e
c
h
n
o
lo
g
i
e
s:
W
irele
ss
P
o
w
e
r
T
r
a
n
sfe
r,
W
o
W
2
0
1
7
,
2
0
1
7
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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2345
[1
7
]
J.
Ki
m
,
D.
H.
Ki
m
,
a
n
d
Y.
J.
P
a
rk
,
“
A
n
a
l
y
sis
o
f
Ca
p
a
c
it
iv
e
I
m
p
e
d
a
n
c
e
M
a
t
c
h
in
g
Ne
t
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irele
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o
w
e
r
T
r
a
n
sfe
r
to
M
u
lt
i
p
le De
v
ice
s,”
IEE
E
T
ra
n
s.
I
n
d
.
El
e
c
tro
n
.
,
v
o
l
.
6
2
,
n
o
.
5
,
p
p
.
2
8
0
7
-
2
8
1
3
,
2
0
1
5
.
[1
8
]
J.
J.
Ca
sa
n
o
v
a
,
Z.
N.
L
o
w
,
a
n
d
J.
L
in
,
“
De
sig
n
a
n
d
o
p
ti
m
iza
ti
o
n
o
f
a
c
las
s
-
E
a
m
p
li
f
ier
f
o
r
a
lo
o
se
l
y
c
o
u
p
led
p
lan
a
r
w
irele
ss
p
o
w
e
r
s
y
ste
m
,
”
IEE
E
T
ra
n
s.
Circ
u
it
s S
y
st.
II
Exp
re
ss
Briefs
,
v
o
l.
5
6
,
n
o
.
1
1
,
p
p
.
8
3
0
-
8
3
4
,
2
0
0
9
.
[1
9
]
Y.
Yu
so
p
,
S
.
S
a
a
t,
Z.
G
h
a
n
i,
H.
Hu
sin
,
a
n
d
S
.
K.
Ng
u
a
n
g
,
“
Ca
p
a
c
it
iv
e
p
o
w
e
r
tr
a
n
sfe
r
w
it
h
im
p
e
d
a
n
c
e
m
a
tch
in
g
n
e
tw
o
rk
,
”
in
2
0
1
6
IEE
E
1
2
th
In
ter
n
a
t
io
n
a
l
C
o
ll
o
q
u
iu
m
o
n
S
i
g
n
a
l
Pro
c
e
ss
in
g
&
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Ap
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
s
(
CS
PA
)
,
p
p
.
1
2
4
-
129
,
2
0
1
6
.
[2
0
]
H.
Zh
a
n
g
,
F
.
L
u
,
H.
Ho
f
m
a
n
n
,
W
.
L
iu
,
a
n
d
C.
C.
M
i,
“
A
F
o
u
r
-
P
late
Co
m
p
a
c
t
Ca
p
a
c
it
iv
e
Co
u
p
ler
De
sig
n
a
n
d
L
C
L
-
Co
m
p
e
n
sa
ted
T
o
p
o
l
o
g
y
f
o
r
Ca
p
a
c
it
iv
e
P
o
w
e
r
T
ra
n
s
f
e
r
in
El
e
c
tri
c
V
e
h
icle
Ch
a
rg
in
g
A
p
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
,
”
I
EE
E
T
ra
n
s.
Po
we
r E
lec
tro
n
.
,
v
o
l
.
3
1
,
n
o
.
1
2
,
p
p
.
8
5
4
1
-
8
5
5
1
,
2
0
1
6
.
[2
1
]
D.
C.
L
u
d
o
is,
J.
K.
Re
e
d
,
a
n
d
K.
Ha
n
so
n
,
“
Ca
p
a
c
it
iv
e
p
o
w
e
r
tran
sf
e
r
f
o
r
ro
to
r
f
i
e
ld
c
u
rre
n
t
in
s
y
n
c
h
ro
n
o
u
s
m
a
c
h
in
e
s,”
IEE
E
T
ra
n
s.
P
o
we
r E
lec
tro
n
.
,
v
o
l
.
2
7
,
n
o
.
1
1
,
p
p
.
4
6
3
8
-
4
6
4
5
,
2
0
1
2
.
[2
2
]
W
.
Zh
a
n
g
a
n
d
C
.
C.
M
i,
“
C
o
m
p
e
n
sa
ti
o
n
t
o
p
o
l
o
g
ies
o
f
h
ig
h
-
po
w
e
r
w
irele
ss
p
o
we
r
tran
sf
e
r
s
y
ste
m
s
,
”
IEE
E
T
r
a
n
s
.
Veh
.
T
e
c
h
n
o
l.
,
v
o
l.
6
5
,
n
o
.
6
,
p
p
.
4
7
6
8
-
4
7
7
8
,
2
0
1
6
.
[2
3
]
K.
L
u
a
n
d
S
.
K.
Ng
u
a
n
g
,
“
L
Q
G
c
o
n
tro
l
o
f
c
a
p
a
c
it
iv
e
p
o
w
e
r
tran
s
f
e
r
s
y
ste
m
,
”
in
2
0
1
7
I
EE
E
PE
L
S
W
o
rk
sh
o
p
o
n
Eme
rg
in
g
T
e
c
h
n
o
lo
g
ies
:
W
ire
les
s
Po
we
r T
ra
n
sfe
r
, W
o
W
2
0
1
7
,
p
p
.
1
2
8
-
1
3
2
,
2
0
1
7
.
[2
4
]
R.
Erf
a
n
i,
F
.
M
a
re
fa
t,
A
.
M
.
S
o
d
a
g
a
r,
a
n
d
P
.
M
o
h
se
n
i
,
“
T
ra
n
sc
u
tan
e
o
u
s
c
a
p
a
c
it
iv
e
w
irel
e
ss
p
o
w
e
r
tran
s
f
e
r
(C
-
W
P
T
)
f
o
r
b
io
m
e
d
ica
l
im
p
lan
ts
,
”
in
Pr
o
c
e
e
d
in
g
s
-
IE
EE
I
n
ter
n
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
S
y
mp
o
siu
m
o
n
Circ
u
it
s
a
n
d
S
y
ste
ms
,
2
0
1
7
.
[2
5
]
Y.
Yu
so
p
,
S
.
S
a
a
t,
S
.
K.
Ng
u
a
n
g
,
H.
Hu
sin
,
a
n
d
Z.
G
h
a
n
i,
“
De
sig
n
o
f
Ca
p
a
c
it
iv
e
P
o
w
e
r
T
r
a
n
sf
e
r
Us
in
g
a
Clas
s
-
E
Re
so
n
a
n
t
I
n
v
e
rter,”
J
.
Po
we
r E
le
c
tro
n
.
,
v
o
l.
1
6
,
n
o
.
5
,
p
p
.
1
6
7
8
-
1
6
8
8
,
2
0
1
6
.
[2
6
]
R.
Erf
a
n
i,
F
.
M
a
re
f
a
t,
A
.
M
.
S
o
d
a
g
a
r,
P
.
M
o
h
se
n
i,
“
M
o
d
e
li
n
g
a
n
d
e
x
p
e
rime
n
tal
v
a
li
d
a
ti
o
n
o
f
a
c
a
p
a
c
it
iv
e
li
n
k
f
o
r
w
irele
ss
p
o
w
e
r
tran
s
f
e
r
to
b
io
m
e
d
ica
l
im
p
lan
ts
,
”
IEE
E
T
r
a
n
sa
c
ti
o
n
s
o
n
Circ
u
it
s
a
n
d
S
y
ste
ms
II:
Exp
re
ss
Briefs
,
2
0
1
7
.
[2
7
]
V
ru
s
h
a
li
B.
G
o
re
,
Dh
a
n
a
sh
ri
H.
G
a
wa
li
,
“
W
irel
e
ss
P
o
w
e
r
T
r
a
n
sfe
r
T
e
c
h
n
o
lo
g
y
f
o
r
M
e
d
ica
l
A
p
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
s
,
”
In
I
EE
E
Co
n
fer
e
n
c
e
o
n
Ad
v
a
n
c
e
s in
S
i
g
n
a
l
Pro
c
e
ss
in
g
(
CAS
P)
,
p
p
.
4
5
5
-
4
6
0
,
2
0
1
6
.
[2
8
]
V
lad
im
ir
V
u
lf
in
,
S
h
a
i
S
a
y
f
a
n
-
A
lt
m
a
n
&
Re
u
v
e
n
Ia
n
c
o
n
e
sc
u
,
“
W
irele
ss
p
o
w
e
r
tran
sfe
r
f
o
r
a
p
a
c
e
m
a
k
e
r
a
p
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
,
”
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
M
e
d
ica
l
En
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
&
T
e
c
h
n
o
lo
g
y
,
2
0
1
7
.
[2
9
]
Qu
a
n
X
io
n
g
,
“
W
ire
les
s
Ch
a
rg
i
n
g
De
v
ice
f
o
r
A
rti
f
icia
l
Ca
rd
iac
P
a
c
e
m
a
k
e
r
,
”
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
Co
n
fer
e
n
c
e
o
n
In
fo
rm
a
t
io
n
T
e
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
a
n
d
M
a
n
a
g
e
me
n
t
I
n
n
o
v
a
ti
o
n
(
ICIT
M
I)
,
A
tl
a
n
ti
s
P
re
ss
,
p
p
.
7
6
5
-
7
6
8
,
2
0
1
5
.
[3
0
]
“
S
u
m
m
a
r
y
o
f
b
lo
o
d
b
ra
i
n
b
a
rrier
(BBB)
p
e
rm
e
a
b
il
it
y
,
”
in
IEE
E
S
ta
n
d
a
rd
f
o
r
S
a
fety
L
e
v
e
ls
wit
h
Res
p
e
c
t
to
Hu
ma
n
Exp
o
su
re
t
o
R
a
d
i
o
Fre
q
u
e
n
c
y
El
e
c
tro
ma
g
n
e
ti
c
Fi
e
ld
s
,
3
k
Hz
to
3
0
0
G
Hz
,
IEE
E
S
td
C9
5
.
1
-
2
0
0
5
.
p
p
.
5
7
[3
1
]
Ch
a
o
L
iu
;
A
ig
u
o
P
a
tri
c
k
Hu
;
Nirm
a
l
-
Ku
m
a
r
C.
Na
ir,
“
Co
u
p
li
n
g
stu
d
y
o
f
a
ro
tar
y
Ca
p
a
c
it
iv
e
P
o
w
e
r
T
ra
n
s
f
e
r
s
y
ste
m
,
”
in
IEE
E
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
C
o
n
fer
e
n
c
e
o
n
In
d
u
stri
a
l
T
e
c
h
n
o
lo
g
y
,
p
p
.
1
-
6
,
2
0
0
9
.
[3
2
]
F
a
rib
o
rz
M
u
sa
v
i;
M
u
rra
y
Ed
in
g
to
n
;
W
il
so
n
Eb
e
rle,
“
W
irele
ss
p
o
w
e
r
tran
s
f
e
r:
A
su
rv
e
y
o
f
EV
b
a
tt
e
r
y
c
h
a
r
g
in
g
tec
h
n
o
l
o
g
ies
,
”
in
IEE
E
E
n
e
rg
y
Co
n
v
e
rs
io
n
C
o
n
g
re
ss
a
n
d
Exp
o
siti
o
n
(
ECCE
)
,
p
p
.
1
8
0
4
-
18
10
,
2
0
1
2
.
[3
3
]
L
.
Hu
a
n
g
;
A
.
P
.
Hu
,
“
De
f
in
in
g
t
h
e
m
u
tu
a
l
c
o
u
p
li
n
g
o
f
c
a
p
a
c
it
iv
e
p
o
w
e
r
tran
s
f
e
r
f
o
r
w
irele
s
s
p
o
we
r
tran
s
f
e
r
,
”
in
IET
J
o
u
r
n
a
ls &
M
a
g
a
zin
e
s,
El
e
c
t
ro
n
ics
L
e
tt
e
rs
22
nd
,
V
o
l.
5
1
N
o
.
2
2
p
p
.
1
8
0
6
-
1
8
0
7
,
Oc
to
b
e
r
2
0
1
5
.
[3
4
]
Hu
a
Zh
a
n
g
;
F
e
i
L
u
;
He
a
th
H
o
fm
a
n
n
;
W
e
ig
u
o
L
iu
;
Ch
r
is
M
i,
“
A
Larg
e
A
ir
-
G
a
p
Ca
p
a
c
it
iv
e
P
o
w
e
r
Tran
sf
e
r
S
y
st
e
m
w
it
h
a
4
-
P
late
Ca
p
a
c
it
iv
e
Co
u
p
le
r
S
tru
c
tu
re
f
o
r
El
e
c
tri
c
V
e
h
icle
Ch
a
rg
in
g
A
p
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
s
,
”
in
IE
EE
Ap
p
l
ied
Po
we
r
El
e
c
tro
n
ics
Co
n
fer
e
n
c
e
a
n
d
Exp
o
siti
o
n
(
AP
EC)
,
p
p
.
1
7
2
6
-
1
7
3
0
,
2
0
1
6
.
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