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6
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Dec
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201
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p
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3
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9
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I
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8708
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8708
I
J
E
C
E
Vo
l.
7
,
No
.
6
,
Dec
em
b
er
201
7
:
3
2
9
9
–
3
3
0
5
3300
cr
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o
f
th
e
w
id
t
h
o
f
p
r
o
p
ag
atio
n
m
o
d
e
f
ield
.
T
h
e
lar
g
er
t
h
e
w
a
v
e
g
u
id
e
w
id
th
a
ls
o
r
es
u
lts
to
t
h
e
m
o
r
e
d
i
f
f
ic
u
lt
f
o
r
t
h
e
r
ad
iated
en
er
g
y
to
g
et
o
u
t
o
f
t
h
e
co
n
f
in
e
m
en
t
la
y
er
.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
r
ad
iated
en
er
g
y
is
r
ed
u
ce
d
.
Ho
w
e
v
er
,
t
h
e
s
m
al
lest
b
en
d
in
g
r
ad
iu
s
i
s
i
m
p
o
r
tan
t
in
o
r
d
er
to
ac
h
ie
ve
d
e
n
s
er
i
n
teg
r
at
io
n
i
n
th
e
P
L
C
.
C
o
n
s
eq
u
en
tl
y
,
t
h
e
s
ize
r
ed
u
ctio
n
s
o
f
b
en
d
in
g
r
ad
iu
s
ar
e
b
ein
g
co
n
ti
n
u
o
u
s
l
y
in
v
est
ig
ated
to
in
cr
ea
s
e
t
h
e
d
en
s
it
y
o
f
th
e
i
n
te
g
r
atio
n
.
Mo
r
eo
v
er
,
th
e
d
ec
r
e
m
e
n
t
o
f
s
tep
f
ac
to
r
ca
n
m
a
k
e
t
h
e
in
d
ex
o
f
clad
d
in
g
d
ec
r
ea
s
e.
I
t
i
n
cr
ea
s
ed
t
h
e
i
n
d
ex
d
if
f
er
e
n
t b
et
w
ee
n
t
h
e
co
r
e
an
d
clad
d
in
g
an
d
as a
r
es
u
lt,
s
tr
o
n
g
co
n
f
in
e
m
e
n
t o
cc
u
r
r
ed
.
T
h
er
e
ar
e
s
ev
er
al
t
y
p
es o
f
b
e
n
d
th
at
ar
e
u
s
u
all
y
u
s
ed
i
n
SOI
d
esig
n
n
a
m
el
y
s
p
li
n
e
b
en
d
,
S
-
b
en
d
,
9
0
°
-
b
en
d
[
4
]
,
6
0
°
-
b
en
d
,
m
u
lti
m
o
d
e
b
en
d
[
5
]
an
d
ad
iab
atic
b
en
d
[
6
]
.
T
h
e
s
elec
tio
n
o
f
th
e
b
en
d
is
ac
co
r
d
in
g
to
t
h
e
d
esig
n
o
f
th
e
d
ev
ice
a
n
d
t
h
e
a
p
p
licatio
n
th
at
r
eq
u
ir
es
th
e
u
s
e
o
f
t
h
e
p
ar
ticu
lar
b
en
d
.
I
n
t
h
i
s
r
esear
ch
,
S
-
b
e
n
d
is
s
elec
ted
.
I
t is
s
u
itab
le
f
o
r
o
p
ti
ca
l f
ie
ld
in
p
u
t a
n
d
o
u
tp
u
t i
n
s
e
r
ies.
I
n
f
ac
t,
th
er
e
ar
e
m
a
n
y
r
e
s
ea
r
ch
f
o
cu
s
es
o
n
l
y
o
n
S
-
b
e
n
d
[
7
]
,
[
8
]
s
u
ch
a
s
th
o
s
e
in
v
esti
g
ati
n
g
th
e
e
f
f
ec
t
o
f
p
u
r
e
b
en
d
in
g
lo
s
s
,
tr
an
s
i
t
io
n
lo
s
s
[
2
]
,
m
o
d
e
m
is
m
atc
h
b
et
w
ee
n
s
tr
ai
g
h
t a
n
d
b
en
d
w
av
e
g
u
id
e
an
d
h
i
g
h
er
o
r
d
er
m
o
d
e
in
lar
g
e
d
i
m
e
n
s
io
n
b
en
d
w
a
v
eg
u
id
e.
T
h
e
p
u
r
e
b
en
d
in
g
lo
s
s
o
cc
u
r
s
w
h
e
n
li
g
h
t
at
ce
r
tai
n
w
a
v
el
en
g
t
h
tr
a
v
els
d
o
w
n
a
b
en
d
o
f
co
n
s
tan
t
r
ad
iu
s
w
h
ic
h
ca
u
s
es
p
o
w
e
r
d
is
s
ip
atio
n
an
d
r
ad
iatio
n
.
I
t
ca
n
b
e
r
ed
u
ce
d
b
y
in
cr
ea
s
i
n
g
th
e
r
i
b
w
id
th
.
Ho
w
e
v
er
,
w
h
e
n
t
h
e
r
ib
w
id
t
h
r
ea
c
h
es
a
ce
r
tain
v
al
u
e,
t
h
e
p
u
r
e
b
e
n
d
in
g
lo
s
s
ca
n
n
o
t
b
e
r
ed
u
ce
d
m
u
c
h
f
u
r
t
h
er
[
5
]
.
T
h
e
tr
an
s
itio
n
lo
s
s
is
r
e
f
er
r
ed
as
th
e
lo
s
s
d
u
e
to
t
h
e
m
o
d
al
m
i
s
m
atch
b
et
w
ee
n
s
tr
ai
g
h
t
an
d
b
en
d
m
o
d
es.
T
h
er
e
ar
e
v
ar
io
u
s
m
e
th
o
d
s
to
r
ed
u
ce
tr
a
n
s
it
io
n
lo
s
s
.
O
n
e
o
f
t
h
e
m
is
to
ch
a
n
g
e
th
e
later
al
o
f
f
s
et
b
et
wee
n
t
h
e
s
tr
aig
h
t
a
n
d
th
e
b
en
d
w
h
er
e
p
r
ec
is
e
co
n
tr
o
l
o
f
th
e
j
u
n
ctio
n
o
f
f
s
et
d
o
w
n
to
as
s
m
al
l
as
0
.
0
2
µm
is
r
eq
u
ir
ed
an
d
th
e
f
ield
d
is
to
r
tio
n
d
o
es
n
o
t
r
ed
u
ce
[
9
]
.
I
n
[
1
0
]
,
th
e
id
ea
l
later
al
o
f
f
s
et
is
r
ep
o
r
ted
as
2
.
7
μ
m
w
i
th
2
.
5
2
%
n
o
r
m
alize
d
o
u
tp
u
t
p
o
w
er
i
m
p
r
o
v
e
m
e
n
t
.
O
th
er
m
et
h
o
d
is
to
u
s
e
an
ad
iab
atic
m
o
d
e
tr
a
n
s
it
io
n
b
et
w
ee
n
t
h
e
s
tr
aig
h
t
a
n
d
t
h
e
b
en
d
w
av
e
g
u
id
e
w
h
ic
h
r
eq
u
ir
es
ex
te
n
s
iv
e
d
esi
g
n
co
m
p
u
tatio
n
.
T
h
e
w
id
th
a
n
d
th
e
cu
r
v
atu
r
e
o
f
th
e
w
a
v
e
g
u
id
es
ca
n
b
e
ad
ap
ted
co
n
tin
u
o
u
s
l
y
to
m
i
tig
a
te
t
h
e
tr
an
s
itio
n
lo
s
s
[
11
]
.
L
ar
g
e
d
i
m
e
n
s
io
n
b
en
d
w
a
v
e
g
u
id
e
also
p
r
o
d
u
ce
d
h
ig
h
er
o
r
d
er
m
o
d
e
(
HOM
s
)
b
y
in
d
u
ci
n
g
s
i
g
n
if
ica
n
t
co
u
p
li
n
g
b
et
w
ee
n
d
i
f
f
e
r
en
t
m
o
d
e
s
.
L
i
g
h
t
is
co
u
p
led
f
r
o
m
th
e
f
u
n
d
a
m
e
n
tal
m
o
d
e
in
a
s
tr
aig
h
t
in
p
u
t
w
a
v
e
g
u
id
e
to
th
e
HOM
s
o
f
a
s
tr
aig
h
t
o
u
tp
u
t
w
a
v
eg
u
id
e
w
h
ich
i
s
p
lace
d
af
ter
th
e
b
en
d
.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
b
en
t
w
a
v
eg
u
id
e
m
u
s
t
b
e
s
i
n
g
le
-
m
o
d
e
to
av
o
id
u
n
w
an
ted
co
u
p
li
n
g
to
HOM
s
w
h
e
n
r
ea
lizatio
n
f
o
r
s
m
all
f
o
o
tp
r
in
t a
n
d
lo
w
p
r
o
p
ag
atio
n
lo
s
s
es.
T
h
e
b
en
d
in
g
lo
s
s
e
s
w
i
ll
d
i
m
in
is
h
th
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
a
n
d
r
ed
u
ce
th
e
f
u
n
ctio
n
o
f
th
e
SO
I
d
ev
ices.
Nu
m
er
o
u
s
e
f
f
o
r
ts
ar
e
d
o
n
e
to
m
i
n
i
m
ize
b
en
d
in
g
lo
s
s
e
s
.
So
m
e
r
esear
ch
er
s
u
s
e
th
e
d
i
f
f
er
e
n
t
d
i
m
e
n
s
io
n
o
f
ar
m
alo
n
g
th
e
S
-
s
h
ap
e
[
8
]
an
d
o
th
er
s
u
s
ed
tr
en
ch
[
12
]
,
ad
d
itio
n
al
g
r
o
o
v
e,
in
cr
ea
s
e
later
al
in
d
ex
co
n
tr
ast
o
n
b
en
d
[1
3
]
,
r
ef
lectio
n
m
ir
r
o
r
s
,
co
r
n
er
m
ir
r
o
r
s
[
1
4
]
,
ad
d
in
g
th
e
s
p
li
n
e
b
en
d
b
et
w
ee
n
b
en
d
an
d
s
tr
aig
h
t
w
av
e
g
u
id
e
[
6
]
an
d
p
h
ase
-
co
m
p
e
n
s
a
ted
m
ic
r
o
-
p
r
is
m
[
1
5
]
.
I
t
is
s
u
ch
a
tr
ad
e
-
o
f
f
b
et
w
ee
n
t
h
e
co
m
p
lex
it
y
o
f
d
esig
n
,
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
an
d
t
h
e
co
s
t.
Ho
w
e
v
er
,
t
h
e
m
et
h
o
d
is
d
e
p
en
d
in
g
o
n
t
h
e
d
ev
ice
to
b
e
d
ev
elo
p
ed
an
d
it
s
ap
p
licatio
n
.
T
h
e
p
u
r
p
o
s
e
o
f
d
o
in
g
th
is
a
n
al
y
s
i
s
is
to
co
m
p
ar
e
th
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
o
f
S
-
b
en
d
at
d
if
f
e
r
en
ce
s
l
ab
len
g
th
.
T
h
e
S
-
b
en
d
d
esi
g
n
o
f
th
e
L
C
R
W
in
cl
u
d
es
s
y
m
m
etr
i
ca
l
an
d
as
y
m
m
etr
ical
d
es
ig
n
w
h
ic
h
ar
e
s
i
m
ilar
i
n
ter
m
s
o
f
w
id
th
(
W
)
,
h
eig
h
t
(
H)
an
d
len
g
t
h
(
L
)
o
f
th
e
w
a
v
eg
u
id
e.
Mo
r
eo
v
er
,
th
e
an
aly
s
i
s
o
f
w
a
v
e
g
u
id
e
s
p
ac
in
g
b
et
w
ee
n
t
w
o
s
elec
ted
S
-
b
en
d
a
ls
o
h
as
b
ee
n
d
o
n
e.
T
h
e
m
o
tiv
a
tio
n
o
f
d
o
in
g
t
h
i
s
wo
r
k
is
to
c
h
o
o
s
e
t
h
e
r
ig
h
t
S
-
b
e
n
d
d
esig
n
w
it
h
m
i
n
i
m
u
m
lo
s
s
an
d
s
i
m
p
le
f
ea
tu
r
e
s
w
h
ich
s
i
g
n
i
f
ica
n
t
to
en
h
an
ce
th
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
o
f
o
v
er
all
P
L
C
co
u
p
ler
.
T
h
e
s
i
m
u
latio
n
i
s
d
o
n
e
u
s
in
g
b
ea
m
p
r
o
p
ag
atio
n
m
et
h
o
d
in
Op
tiB
P
M
1
0
s
o
f
t
w
ar
e.
2.
RE
S
E
ARCH
M
E
T
H
O
D
T
h
e
o
p
er
atio
n
o
f
th
e
m
icr
o
-
p
h
o
to
n
ic
d
e
v
ices
co
m
m
o
n
l
y
n
ee
d
s
a
s
i
n
g
le
-
m
o
d
e
(
SM)
b
eh
av
io
r
.
I
t
is
i
m
p
o
r
tan
t
to
en
s
u
r
e
t
h
e
o
p
tical
w
a
v
e
g
u
id
e
allo
w
s
l
ig
h
t
p
r
o
p
ag
atio
n
in
s
i
n
g
le
-
m
o
d
e
t
o
av
o
id
h
ig
h
lo
s
s
.
A
cc
o
r
d
in
g
to
So
r
ef
[
1
6
]
,
[
1
7
]
,
t
h
e
s
i
n
g
le
-
m
o
d
e
w
a
v
e
g
u
id
e
ca
n
b
e
r
ea
lized
b
y
t
h
e
E
q
.
(
1
)
b
e
lo
w
:
5
.
0
,
1
3
.
0
2
H
h
r
w
h
e
r
e
r
r
H
W
(
1
)
T
h
e
h
eig
h
t
(
H)
,
w
id
th
(
W
)
an
d
d
ep
th
(
d
)
is
f
i
x
ed
w
h
er
e
H
an
d
W
ar
e
5
µ
m
w
h
ile
d
is
2
µ
m
.
T
h
ese
v
alu
e
s
s
atis
f
ied
t
h
e
s
in
g
le
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e
6
.
T
w
o
as
y
m
m
etr
ical
S
-
b
en
d
w
a
v
eg
u
id
e
3.
RE
SU
L
T
S
A
ND
AN
AL
Y
SI
S
3
.
1
.
Ana
ly
s
is
o
f
s
y
mm
et
rica
l a
nd
a
s
y
m
m
et
rica
l S
-
be
nd
T
ab
le
2
in
d
icate
s
t
h
e
n
o
r
m
aliz
ed
o
u
tp
u
t
p
o
w
er
(
NOP
)
f
o
r
d
if
f
er
en
t
d
i
m
e
n
s
io
n
o
f
S
-
b
en
d
.
T
h
e
r
esu
l
t
s
h
o
w
s
t
h
at
t
h
e
lo
n
g
er
s
lab
o
f
th
e
r
ib
w
av
e
g
u
id
e
g
i
v
es
th
e
lar
g
er
NOP
f
o
r
th
e
s
y
m
m
etr
ical
w
a
v
eg
u
id
e.
I
t
p
r
o
v
id
es
u
p
to
2
0
%
m
o
r
e
p
o
w
er
at
1
6
µm
w
a
v
e
g
u
id
e
w
id
t
h
if
co
m
p
ar
ed
to
8
µm
w
av
e
g
u
id
e
w
id
t
h
.
I
t
is
d
u
e
to
th
e
lo
n
g
er
s
lab
f
ea
t
u
r
e
w
h
ic
h
w
ill
co
n
f
i
n
e
t
h
e
li
g
h
t
b
etter
th
an
th
e
s
h
o
r
ter
s
lab
w
h
ich
a
v
o
id
lig
h
t
s
ca
tter
in
g
o
u
ts
id
e
th
e
w
a
v
e
g
u
id
e.
Ho
w
e
v
er
,
lo
n
g
er
s
lab
is
n
o
t
s
u
itab
l
e
f
o
r
lig
h
t
co
u
p
lin
g
w
it
h
s
tr
a
ig
h
t
w
av
e
g
u
id
e
in
co
u
p
ler
d
ev
ices.
I
f
t
h
e
w
a
v
e
g
u
id
e
s
p
ac
i
n
g
b
et
w
ee
n
t
w
o
s
tr
aig
h
t
w
a
v
eg
u
id
es
is
to
o
lar
g
e
in
o
r
d
er
to
m
a
tch
w
it
h
lo
n
g
er
s
lab
o
f
S
-
b
en
d
w
a
v
eg
u
id
e,
t
h
e
len
g
t
h
o
f
p
ar
allel
s
tr
ai
g
h
t
w
a
v
eg
u
id
e
w
ill
b
ec
o
m
e
to
o
lo
n
g
w
h
ic
h
ca
n
b
e
s
ev
er
al
ce
n
ti
m
etr
es.
T
ab
le
2
.
No
r
m
al
ized
o
u
tp
u
t p
o
w
er
f
o
r
s
y
m
m
etr
ical
a
n
d
as
y
m
m
etr
ical
w
a
v
eg
u
id
e
T
y
p
e
s o
f
S
-
b
e
n
d
a
r
c
N
o
r
mal
i
z
e
d
o
u
t
p
u
t
p
o
w
e
r
,
N
O
P
(
%)
1
5
5
0
n
m
1
4
8
0
n
m
S
y
mm
e
t
r
i
c
a
l
S
-
b
e
n
d
a
r
c
(
sl
a
b
=
1
.
5
µ
m)
7
5
.
2
2
7
7
.
9
2
S
-
b
e
n
d
a
r
c
(
sl
a
b
=
3
.
5
µ
m)
9
1
.
6
8
9
1
.
1
7
S
-
b
e
n
d
a
r
c
(
sl
a
b
=
5
.
5
µ
m)
9
5
.
6
0
9
4
.
9
8
A
s
y
mm
e
t
r
i
c
a
l
S
-
b
e
n
d
a
r
c
(
w
i
t
h
o
u
t
o
u
t
e
r
sl
a
b
)
8
8
.
3
2
8
9
.
4
7
S
-
b
e
n
d
a
r
c
(
w
i
t
h
o
u
t
i
n
n
e
r
sl
a
b
)
8
8
.
3
2
8
9
.
4
7
T
w
o
d
i
f
f
e
r
e
n
t
d
i
me
n
s
i
o
n
a
r
c
(
w
i
t
h
o
u
t
o
u
t
e
r
sl
a
b
)
8
8
.
0
2
8
7
.
5
5
T
w
o
d
i
f
f
e
r
e
n
t
d
i
me
n
s
i
o
n
a
r
c
(
o
u
t
e
r
sl
a
b
=
1
.
5
µ
m)
9
2
.
2
4
9
1
.
1
0
A
lter
n
ati
v
e
to
s
y
m
m
etr
ica
l
wav
eg
u
id
e
i
s
t
h
e
as
y
m
m
etr
ical
w
av
e
g
u
id
e.
A
s
y
m
m
etr
ical
wav
eg
u
id
e
w
it
h
t
w
o
d
if
f
er
en
t
d
i
m
e
n
s
io
n
ar
cs
w
ill
g
i
v
e
th
e
b
est
r
es
u
lt
if
co
m
p
ar
ed
to
o
th
er
s
as
y
m
m
etr
ical
d
i
m
e
n
s
io
n
.
T
h
ese
as
y
m
m
e
tr
ical
w
av
e
g
u
id
e
w
it
h
t
w
o
d
if
f
er
en
t
d
i
m
en
s
io
n
ar
cs
w
ill
g
i
v
e
9
2
.
2
4
%
an
d
9
1
.
1
0
%
o
f
NOP
f
o
r
1
5
5
0
n
m
an
d
1
4
8
0
n
m
w
a
v
elen
g
th
r
esp
ec
t
iv
el
y
.
Her
e,
t
h
e
w
a
v
eg
u
id
e
s
p
ac
in
g
b
et
w
e
en
p
ar
allel
s
tr
aig
h
t
w
a
v
e
g
u
id
e
ca
n
b
e
m
ad
e
ap
p
r
o
x
i
m
ate
l
y
3
µ
m
w
h
ic
h
ca
n
b
e
ac
ce
p
ted
to
m
in
i
m
ize
t
h
e
s
ize
o
f
th
e
co
u
p
ler
d
ev
ice.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
th
e
o
v
er
all
S
-
b
en
d
w
id
t
h
also
ca
n
b
e
d
i
m
i
n
is
h
ed
as
m
u
c
h
as 4
µ
m
.
3
.
2
.
Ana
ly
s
is
o
f
t
w
o
S
-
bend
s
R
eg
ar
d
in
g
to
Fig
u
r
e
7
,
th
e
m
i
n
i
m
u
m
o
f
S
-
b
en
d
s
p
ac
i
n
g
b
et
w
ee
n
t
h
e
t
w
o
w
a
v
e
g
u
id
e
co
r
e
s
is
0
.
9
µ
m
f
o
r
b
o
th
1
5
5
0
n
m
an
d
1
4
8
0
n
m
w
av
e
len
g
t
h
.
I
f
th
e
S
-
b
en
d
s
p
ac
in
g
i
s
less
t
h
an
0
.
9
µ
m
,
u
n
d
esire
d
lig
h
t
co
u
p
lin
g
f
r
o
m
la
u
n
ch
w
a
v
e
g
u
id
e
to
o
p
p
o
s
ite
w
av
e
g
u
id
e
w
ill
a
f
f
ec
t
th
e
p
er
ce
n
ta
g
e
o
f
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
w
a
v
ele
n
g
t
h
.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
to
d
esig
n
t
h
e
co
u
p
ler
w
ith
t
h
e
S
-
b
en
d
s
p
ac
in
g
les
s
th
a
n
0
.
9
µm
,
t
h
e
p
ar
allel
p
ath
m
u
s
t
b
e
s
h
o
r
ter
i
n
o
r
d
er
to
g
et
t
h
e
d
esire
co
u
p
li
n
g
r
atio
.
T
h
er
e
is
al
m
o
s
t
1
0
%
o
f
lig
h
t
co
u
p
lin
g
to
o
p
p
o
s
ite
w
a
v
e
g
u
id
e
f
o
r
th
e
ze
r
o
S
-
b
en
d
s
p
ac
in
g
.
T
h
e
o
p
tim
u
m
v
a
lu
e
o
f
NOP
f
o
r
1
5
5
0
n
m
an
d
1
4
8
0
n
m
ar
e
9
0
.
7
1
%
an
d
9
1
.
0
4
% r
esp
ec
tiv
el
y
w
it
h
th
e
m
in
i
m
u
m
o
f
0
.
9
µ
m
S
-
b
en
d
s
p
ac
in
g
.
S
-
be
nd spa
c
ing
P
a
ra
ll
e
l
pa
th
Uppe
r
wa
ve
g
uide
L
owe
r
wa
ve
g
uide
I
nput
Output
Output
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8708
I
J
E
C
E
Vo
l.
7
,
No
.
6
,
Dec
em
b
er
201
7
:
3
2
9
9
–
3
3
0
5
3304
Fig
u
r
e
7
.
No
r
m
alize
d
o
u
tp
u
t
p
o
w
er
v
er
s
u
s
S
-
b
en
d
s
p
ac
i
n
g
f
o
r
1
5
5
0
n
m
a
n
d
1
4
8
0
n
m
w
a
v
elen
g
th
4.
CO
NCLU
SI
O
N
As
y
m
m
etr
ical
w
av
e
g
u
id
e
w
i
t
h
t
w
o
d
if
f
er
en
t
d
i
m
en
s
io
n
ar
c
s
(
o
u
ter
s
lab
=
1
.
5
µm
,
in
n
er
s
lab
=
5
.
5
µ
m
)
is
s
u
itab
le
f
o
r
t
h
e
co
u
p
l
er
/s
p
litt
er
d
ev
ice
d
esi
g
n
d
u
e
to
lo
w
er
lo
s
s
a
s
co
m
p
ar
ed
to
o
th
er
d
i
m
e
n
s
io
n
s
.
T
h
ese
w
av
e
g
u
id
e
d
esig
n
s
al
lo
w
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
m
o
r
e
th
a
n
9
0
%
NOP
f
o
r
b
o
th
1
5
5
0
n
m
a
n
d
1
4
8
0
n
m
w
a
v
ele
n
g
t
h
s
.
I
n
ad
d
itio
n
,
th
e
0
.
9
µm
o
f
S
-
b
en
d
s
p
ac
i
n
g
i
s
i
d
en
tifie
d
as
a
m
i
n
i
m
u
m
v
alu
e
an
d
a
g
u
id
eli
n
e
to
co
m
b
i
n
e
s
tr
ai
g
h
t
an
d
S
-
b
en
d
w
a
v
e
g
u
id
e
f
o
r
an
ef
f
ec
ti
v
e
co
u
p
ler
d
esig
n
.
ACK
NO
WL
E
D
G
E
M
E
NT
S
T
h
e
au
th
o
r
s
w
o
u
ld
lik
e
to
t
h
an
k
U
n
iv
er
s
iti
Keb
an
g
s
aa
n
Ma
la
y
s
ia
(
UKM
)
,
Un
i
v
er
s
i
t
i
Ma
la
y
s
ia
Sar
a
w
a
k
(
UNI
M
A
S)
a
n
d
Min
is
tr
y
o
f
Hi
g
h
er
E
d
u
ca
tio
n
Ma
l
a
y
s
ia
f
o
r
p
r
o
v
id
in
g
f
i
n
a
n
cial
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
to
w
ar
d
th
i
s
r
esear
ch
.
RE
F
E
R
E
NC
E
S
[1
]
J.
E.
S
u
se
n
o
a
n
d
R.
Ism
a
il
,
“
De
sig
n
o
f
Do
u
b
le
G
a
te
V
e
rti
c
a
l
M
OSF
ET
u
sin
g
S
il
ico
n
O
n
In
su
lato
r
(S
OI
)
T
e
c
h
n
o
lo
g
y
,
”
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
Na
n
o
De
v
ice
s,
S
e
n
so
rs
a
n
d
S
y
ste
ms
, v
ol
/i
ss
u
e
:
1
(
1
)
,
p
p
.
3
4
-
38
,
2
0
1
2
.
[2
]
H
.
S
h
e
n
,
e
t
a
l
.,
“
A
T
a
p
e
r
to
R
e
d
u
c
e
th
e
S
traig
h
t
-
to
-
B
e
n
d
T
ra
n
siti
o
n
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os
s
in
Co
m
p
a
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t
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ico
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Wav
e
g
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IEE
E
Ph
o
t
o
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ics
T
e
c
h
n
o
l.
L
e
tt
.,
v
o
l
/
issu
e
:
22
(
15
)
,
p
p
.
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–
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,
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0
1
0
.
[3
]
M
.
Ch
e
rc
h
i
,
e
t
a
l
.
,
“
Dra
m
a
ti
c
S
iz
e
R
e
d
u
c
ti
o
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o
f
W
a
v
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e
n
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M
icro
n
-
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cal
e
S
il
ico
n
P
h
o
t
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ic
P
latf
o
rm
,
”
Op
t.
Exp
re
ss
,
v
o
l
/i
ss
u
e
:
21
(
15
)
,
p
p
.
1
7
8
1
4
–
1
7
8
2
3
,
2
0
1
3
.
[4
]
R.
K.
Na
v
a
lak
h
e
,
e
t
a
l
.
,
“
De
sig
n
o
f
L
o
w
-
L
o
ss
Co
m
p
a
c
t
9
0
°
Be
n
d
Op
ti
c
a
l
W
a
v
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g
u
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f
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r
P
h
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t
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ic
Circu
it
A
p
p
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c
a
ti
o
n
s i
n
S
OI
P
latf
o
rm
,
”
IE
EE
Reg
.
1
0
Co
l
lo
q
.
T
h
ird
ICIIS
,
p
p
.
1
–
5
,
2
0
0
8
.
[5
]
D.
Da
i,
“
A
n
a
l
y
sis o
f
C
h
a
ra
c
t
e
risti
c
s o
f
Be
n
t
Rib
W
a
v
e
g
u
id
e
s
,
”
J
.
Op
t.
S
o
c
.
Am.
A
,
v
o
l
/i
ss
u
e
:
21
(
1
)
,
2
0
0
4
.
[6
]
W
.
Bo
g
a
e
rts,
e
t
a
l
.,
“
Co
m
p
a
c
t
S
in
g
le
-
Mo
d
e
S
i
li
c
o
n
Hy
b
rid
Rib
/
S
tri
p
W
a
v
e
g
u
id
e
W
it
h
A
d
ia
b
a
ti
c
Be
n
d
s
,
”
IEE
E
Ph
o
t
o
n
ics
J
o
u
rn
a
l
,
v
o
l
/i
ss
u
e
:
3
(
3
)
,
2
0
1
1
.
[7
]
Z.
L
a
m
b
a
k
,
e
t
a
l
.
,
“
A
n
a
l
y
sis
o
f
S
-
B
e
n
d
O
p
t
ica
l
W
a
v
e
g
u
id
e
s
b
y
th
e
M
e
th
o
d
o
f
L
in
e
s
,
”
In
t.
RF
M
icr
o
w.
Co
n
f.
Pr
o
c
.
,
Pu
tra
j
a
y
a
,
M
a
la
y
sia
,
p
p
.
4
3
9
–
4
4
3
,
2
0
0
6
.
[8
]
R.
K.
Na
v
a
la
k
h
e
,
e
t
a
l
.,
“
F
a
b
rica
t
io
n
a
n
d
C
h
a
ra
c
teriz
a
ti
o
n
o
f
S
traig
h
t
a
n
d
C
o
m
p
a
c
t
S
-
B
e
n
d
O
p
ti
c
a
l
W
a
v
e
g
u
id
e
s o
n
a
S
il
ico
n
-
On
-
In
s
u
lato
r
P
latf
o
rm
,
”
Ap
p
l.
Op
t.
,
v
o
l
/i
ss
u
e
:
48
(
31
)
,
p
p
.
G
1
2
5
–
G
1
3
0
,
2
0
0
9
.
[9
]
W
.
Yu
a
n
a
n
d
D.
C.
Ha
ll
,
“
A
G
e
n
e
ra
l
S
c
a
li
n
g
R
u
le
f
o
r
M
a
tch
e
d
Be
n
d
W
a
v
e
g
u
id
e
s
,
”
J
.
L
ig
h
t.
T
e
c
h
n
o
l.
,
v
o
l
/i
ss
u
e
:
29
(
24
)
,
p
p
.
3
7
8
6
–
3
7
9
6
,
2
0
1
1
.
[1
0
]
N.
Zam
h
a
ri
a
n
d
A
.
A
.
Eh
sa
n
,
“
L
a
r
g
e
Cro
ss
-
S
e
c
ti
o
n
Rib
S
il
ico
n
-
On
-
In
su
lat
o
r
(S
OI)
,
”
I
n
ter
n
a
t
io
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
f
o
r
L
ig
h
t
a
n
d
El
e
c
tro
n
Op
ti
c
s
,
2
0
1
6
.
[1
1
]
C.
Ko
o
s,
e
t
a
l
.
,
“
Id
e
a
l
B
e
n
d
C
o
n
to
u
r
T
ra
jec
to
ries
f
o
r
S
in
g
le
-
M
o
d
e
O
p
e
ra
ti
o
n
o
f
L
o
w
-
Lo
ss
Ov
e
r
m
o
d
e
d
W
a
v
e
g
u
id
e
s
,
”
IEE
E
Ph
o
to
n
ics
T
e
c
h
n
o
l
.
L
e
tt
.
,
v
o
l
/i
ss
u
e
:
19
(
11
)
,
p
p
.
8
1
9
–
8
2
1
,
2
0
0
7
.
[1
2
]
J.
H.
R
y
u
,
e
t
a
l
.
,
“
De
sig
n
a
n
d
A
n
a
l
y
sis
o
f
R
e
f
ra
c
to
m
e
ter
B
a
se
d
o
n
Be
n
d
W
a
v
e
g
u
id
e
S
tru
c
t
u
re
w
it
h
A
ir
T
re
n
c
h
f
o
r
Op
ti
c
a
l
S
e
n
so
r
A
p
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
s
,
”
ET
RI
J
o
u
rn
a
l
,
v
o
l
/i
ss
u
e
:
36
(
5
)
,
p
p
.
8
4
1
–
8
4
6
,
2
0
1
4
.
[1
3
]
K.
S
o
leh
m
a
in
e
n
,
e
t
a
l
.
,
“
De
v
e
lo
p
m
e
n
t
o
f
M
u
lt
i
-
S
tep
P
r
o
c
e
ss
in
g
in
S
il
ic
o
n
-
On
-
I
n
su
lat
o
r
f
o
r
Op
t
ica
l
W
a
v
e
g
u
id
e
A
p
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
s
,
”
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
Op
ti
c
s
A:
Pu
re
a
n
d
Ap
p
li
e
d
Op
ti
c
s
,
v
o
l
/i
ss
u
e
:
8
(
7
)
,
2
0
0
6
.
[1
4
]
Y.
Qia
n
,
e
t
a
l
.
,
“
Co
m
p
a
c
t
a
n
d
L
o
w
L
o
ss
S
il
ico
n
-
O
n
-
I
n
su
lato
r
Ri
b
W
a
v
e
g
u
id
e
9
0
De
g
re
e
s
Be
n
d
,
”
Op
t.
Ex
p
re
ss
,
v
o
l
/i
ss
u
e
:
14
(
13
)
,
p
p
.
6
0
2
0
–
6
0
2
8
,
2
0
0
6
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
J
E
C
E
I
SS
N:
2088
-
8708
S
-
B
en
d
S
ilico
n
-
On
-
I
n
s
u
la
t
o
r
(
S
OI
)
La
r
g
e
C
r
o
s
s
-
S
ec
tio
n
R
ib
W
a
ve
g
u
id
e
.
.
.
.
(
N
u
r
d
ia
n
i Za
mh
a
r
i)
3305
[1
5
]
C.
C.
Ch
a
n
g
,
e
t
a
l
.
,
“
S
il
ico
n
-
on
-
In
su
lato
r
Ri
b
W
a
v
e
g
u
id
e
Be
n
d
s
Us
in
g
P
h
a
se
Co
m
p
e
n
sa
ted
M
ic
ro
p
rism
,
”
Op
t.
Fi
b
e
r Co
mm
u
n
.
(
OFC),
c
o
ll
o
c
a
te
d
Na
t
l.
Fi
b
e
r Op
t.
En
g
.
C
o
n
f
.
2
0
1
0
Co
n
f.
,
v
o
l.
1
,
p
p
.
3
–
5
,
2
0
1
0
.
[1
6
]
N.
Zam
h
a
ri,
e
t
a
l
.,
“
W
a
v
e
len
g
th
-
S
e
lec
ti
v
e
Ra
ti
o
S
p
l
it
ter
B
y
Us
in
g
L
a
r
g
e
Cro
ss
-
S
e
c
ti
o
n
Ri
b
S
il
ico
n
-
On
-
In
s
u
lato
r
P
a
ra
ll
e
l
W
a
v
e
g
u
id
e
,
”
2
0
1
6
IEE
E
6
th
I
n
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
Co
n
fer
e
n
c
e
o
n
Ph
o
t
o
n
ics
(
ICP)
,
p
p
.
1
-
3
,
2
0
1
6
.
[1
7
]
S
.
S
.
M
.
S
a
ll
a
h
,
e
t
a
l
.
,
“
Op
ti
c
a
l
I
n
terc
o
n
n
e
c
t
W
a
v
e
g
u
id
e
in
El
e
c
tro
n
ic
Circ
u
it
,
”
I
n
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
El
e
c
trica
l
a
n
d
Co
m
p
u
ter
E
n
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
(
IJ
ECE
)
,
v
o
l
/i
ss
u
e
:
6
(
6
)
,
2
0
1
6
.
B
I
O
G
RAP
H
I
E
S
O
F
AUTH
O
RS
Nu
rd
ian
i
Bin
ti
Zam
h
a
ri
o
b
tain
e
d
h
e
r
B.
En
g
Ho
n
s.
i
n
M
icro
e
lec
tro
n
ica
l
En
g
in
e
e
ri
n
g
f
ro
m
Un
iv
e
rsiti
Ke
b
a
n
g
sa
a
n
M
a
la
y
sia
in
2
0
0
4
a
n
d
M
.
En
g
in
El
e
c
tri
c
-
El
e
c
tro
n
ic
&
T
e
lec
o
m
m
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
f
ro
m
Un
iv
e
rsiti
Tek
n
o
lo
g
i
M
a
lay
sia
in
M
e
i
2
0
0
8
.
S
h
e
is
c
u
rre
n
tl
y
p
u
rsu
in
g
a
P
h
D
d
e
g
re
e
a
t
F
a
c
u
lt
y
o
f
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
a
n
d
Bu
i
lt
En
v
iro
n
m
e
n
t,
Un
iv
e
rsiti
Ke
b
a
n
g
sa
a
n
M
a
la
y
sia
a
n
d
a
tt
a
c
h
e
d
a
t
F
a
c
u
lt
y
o
f
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
,
Un
iv
e
rsit
i
M
a
lay
sia
S
a
ra
wa
k
.
He
r
re
se
a
rc
h
re
v
o
lv
e
s
a
ro
u
n
d
th
e
sili
c
o
n
-
on
-
in
su
lato
r
(S
OI)
larg
e
c
ro
ss
-
se
c
ti
o
n
rib
w
a
v
e
g
u
id
e
f
o
r
th
e
a
p
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
in
i
n
-
li
n
e
m
o
n
it
o
rin
g
sy
ste
m
f
o
r
f
ib
e
r
-
to
-
th
e
-
h
o
m
e
(F
T
TH)
n
e
tw
o
rk
.
Dr.
A
b
a
n
g
A
n
n
u
a
r
Eh
sa
n
w
o
rk
s
a
s
a
re
se
a
rc
h
f
e
ll
o
w
a
t
th
e
In
st
it
u
te
o
f
M
icro
e
n
g
in
e
e
rin
g
a
n
d
Na
n
o
e
lec
tro
n
ics
,
Un
iv
e
rsiti
Ke
b
a
n
g
sa
a
n
M
a
la
y
sia
(U
KM).
He
h
o
ld
s
a
B.
En
g
in
El
e
c
tri
c
a
l
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
(UN
S
W
,
A
u
stra
li
a
)
,
M
.
S
c
i
n
M
icro
e
lec
tro
n
ics
(UK
M
),
M
.
E
n
g
in
M
a
n
u
f
a
c
tu
rin
g
S
y
st
e
m
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
(UP
M
),
P
h
.
D
in
A
p
p
li
e
d
S
c
ien
c
e
(UiT
M
)
a
n
d
P
h
.
D
in
M
icro
e
n
g
in
e
e
rin
g
a
n
d
Na
n
o
e
lec
tro
n
ics
(UK
M
).
His res
e
a
rc
h
in
tere
st i
n
c
lu
d
e
s o
p
ti
c
a
l
d
e
sig
n
a
n
d
m
a
n
u
fa
c
tu
rin
g
p
ro
c
e
ss
e
s
f
o
r
p
o
ly
m
e
r
a
n
d
sili
c
o
n
d
e
v
ice
s.
He
h
a
s
p
u
b
li
s
h
e
d
h
is
w
o
rk
s
in
jo
u
r
n
a
ls
su
c
h
a
s
Op
ti
c
a
l
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
,
Op
ti
c
a
l
Re
v
iew
,
Op
ti
c
a
A
p
p
li
c
a
ta,
El
e
c
tro
n
ics
Ex
p
re
ss
a
n
d
IE
EE
/S
P
IE
C
o
n
f
e
re
n
c
e
s.
He
h
a
s
b
e
e
n
a
p
p
o
in
ted
a
s
a
tec
h
n
ica
l
a
d
v
iso
r
t
o
UK
M
’s
sta
rt
-
u
p
c
o
m
p
a
n
y
,
NX
P
h
o
t
o
n
ics
si
n
c
e
2
0
1
2
,
w
o
rk
in
g
o
n
t
h
e
d
e
sig
n
a
n
d
m
a
n
u
f
a
c
tu
rin
g
p
ro
c
e
ss
e
s f
o
r
p
o
ly
m
e
r
o
p
ti
c
a
l
d
e
v
ice
s.
P
r
o
f
.
Ir.
Dr.
M
o
h
d
S
y
u
h
a
im
i
A
b
d
u
l
Ra
h
m
a
n
is
a
p
ro
f
e
ss
o
r
a
t
th
e
De
p
a
rtm
e
n
t
o
f
El
e
c
tri
c
a
l,
El
e
c
tro
n
ics
a
n
d
S
y
ste
m
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
,
F
a
c
u
lt
y
o
f
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
a
n
d
Bu
il
t
En
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
t,
UK
M
.
He
o
b
tai
n
e
d
h
is
P
h
D
f
ro
m
UK
M
in
2
0
0
7
.
Cu
rre
n
t
ly
,
h
e
is
th
e
De
p
u
t
y
D
e
a
n
f
o
r
Un
d
e
rg
ra
d
u
a
tes
a
n
d
A
lu
m
n
i.
M
o
re
o
v
e
r,
h
e
h
e
a
d
s
tw
o
re
se
a
rc
h
g
ro
u
p
s
i
n
t
h
e
f
a
c
u
lt
y
,
S
P
ECT
ECH
&
RA
S
P
.
P
re
v
io
u
sly
,
h
e
h
e
ld
th
e
p
o
st
o
f
th
e
He
a
d
o
f
Qu
a
li
ty
A
ss
u
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