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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2088
-
8708
I
J
E
C
E
Vo
l.
7
,
No
.
6
,
Dec
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b
er
2
0
1
7
:
3
5
1
5
–
3
5
2
0
3516
2.
RE
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ith
m
a
g
g
r
e
g
ates
tr
u
s
t
i
n
f
o
r
m
atio
n
b
y
h
av
i
n
g
p
ee
r
s
,
to
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
d
is
tr
ib
u
ted
ca
lcu
latio
n
o
f
v
ec
to
r
s
o
f
tr
u
s
t
m
atr
i
x
.
P
o
w
er
T
r
u
s
t
lev
er
a
g
es
th
e
p
o
w
er
la
w
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
o
f
p
ee
r
f
ee
d
b
ac
k
s
to
f
ast
ag
g
r
eg
ate
g
lo
b
al
r
ep
u
tat
i
o
n
s
.
e.
g
,
Fre
en
et,
G
n
u
tella,
K
az
an
.
Go
s
s
ip
T
r
u
s
t
an
d
I
L
GT
w
er
e
i
n
tr
o
d
u
ce
d
f
o
r
u
n
s
tr
u
ct
u
r
ed
P
2
P
.
T
h
e
y
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
co
m
p
u
t
atio
n
o
f
ag
g
r
eg
ate
f
u
n
ctio
n
s
.
T
h
ese
m
ec
h
an
i
s
m
s
ar
e
ad
o
p
tab
le
t
o
p
ee
r
d
y
n
a
m
ics
an
d
r
o
b
u
s
t
to
d
is
tu
r
b
an
ce
o
f
m
alicio
u
s
p
ee
r
s
.
Al
th
o
u
g
h
p
r
o
b
le
m
t
h
at
f
ile
r
eq
u
est
co
n
ce
n
tr
ate
o
n
ex
is
t
in
g
h
ig
h
r
eliab
le
p
ee
r
s
.
DFR
-
T
R
UST
m
o
d
el
w
as p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
to
av
o
id
f
ile
r
eq
u
est c
o
n
ce
n
tr
atio
n
p
r
o
b
lem
.
2
.
2
.
DF
R
-
T
RUST
T
h
is
ex
ten
d
s
th
e
r
ep
u
tat
io
n
a
g
g
r
e
g
atio
n
al
g
o
r
ith
m
o
f
Go
s
s
ip
T
r
u
s
t
to
co
m
b
at
m
alicio
u
s
p
ee
r
s
.
A
ll
p
ee
r
s
w
ill
h
o
ld
lo
ca
l
s
co
r
es
a
n
d
w
ill
ca
lc
u
late
g
lo
b
al
s
co
r
es
b
y
e
x
ch
a
n
g
i
n
g
lo
ca
l
s
co
r
es
[
1
]
-
[3]
.
T
h
e
p
u
r
p
o
s
e
o
f
DF
R
-
T
R
U
ST
m
o
d
el
is
to
av
o
id
tr
an
s
ac
t
in
g
w
it
h
m
ali
cio
u
s
p
ee
r
s
.
I
t
w
ill
d
ea
l
w
i
t
h
p
r
o
b
lem
th
a
t
f
i
le
r
eq
u
ests
co
n
ce
n
tr
ate
o
n
p
o
r
tio
n
o
f
h
i
g
h
l
y
e
v
alu
a
ted
p
ee
r
s
.
T
o
d
is
tr
ib
u
te
f
ile
r
eq
u
e
s
ts
a
m
o
n
g
s
a
f
e
p
ee
r
s
,
it
i
s
n
ec
es
s
ar
y
to
av
o
id
v
ar
iatio
n
o
f
g
lo
b
al
s
co
r
es
b
ec
a
u
s
e
g
lo
b
al
s
co
r
es
ar
e
u
s
ed
as
s
elec
tio
n
p
r
o
b
ab
ilit
y
o
f
u
p
lo
ad
er
.
T
h
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
ti
m
e
s
t
h
at
th
e
s
e
p
ee
r
s
ar
e
ev
alu
a
ted
in
cr
ea
s
es
w
i
ll lea
d
to
d
is
tr
ib
u
ti
o
n
o
f
f
ile
r
eq
u
e
s
t.
a
.
P
ee
r
Sepa
ra
t
io
n
I
n
DF
R
-
T
R
UST
m
o
d
el,
w
h
en
ev
er
ea
ch
p
ee
r
d
ec
id
es
a
tr
an
s
ac
tin
g
p
ee
r
,
p
e
er
r
ef
er
s
to
g
lo
b
al
s
co
r
es.
T
h
e
p
ee
r
s
ar
e
d
iv
id
ed
as
h
ig
h
r
eliab
ilit
y
p
ee
r
,
lo
w
r
eliab
il
it
y
p
ee
r
an
d
m
id
d
le
r
eliab
ilit
y
p
ee
r
.
T
h
e
g
lo
b
al
s
co
r
es
o
f
m
id
d
le
r
eliab
ilit
y
p
e
er
ar
e
n
o
t
p
o
lar
ize
d
an
d
ar
e
d
ec
id
ed
as
m
a
licio
u
s
.
T
h
e
th
r
esh
o
ld
b
et
w
ee
n
lo
w
an
d
m
id
d
le
r
eliab
ilit
y
p
ee
r
ar
e
ca
lcu
lated
b
y
p
ee
r
ias v
i
an
d
b
et
w
ee
n
m
id
d
le
an
d
h
i
g
h
r
eliab
ilit
y
p
ee
r
as v
hi
as
̅
=
1
∑
=
1
W
h
er
e
N
=
Nu
m
b
er
o
f
all
p
ee
r
s
in
t
h
e
n
et
w
o
r
k
ℎ
̅
̅
̅
̅
=
1
ℎ
∑
ℎ
=
1
W
h
er
e
NA
=
N
u
m
b
er
o
f
p
ee
r
s
w
h
o
s
e
g
lo
b
al
s
co
r
e
ar
e
h
ig
h
er
th
an
v
i.
b.
M
a
nip
ula
t
ing
neig
hb
o
rin
g
Sco
re
s
W
h
en
e
v
er
ea
ch
p
ee
r
d
o
w
n
lo
ad
s
a
f
ile,
d
o
w
n
lo
ad
er
’
s
w
ill
ca
lcu
late
lo
ca
l
s
co
r
e
o
f
u
p
lo
a
d
er
s
.
E
ac
h
p
ee
r
w
ill
c
h
an
g
e
t
h
e
ca
lc
u
la
tio
n
m
e
th
o
d
ac
co
r
d
in
g
to
p
e
e
r
.
E
ac
h
p
ee
r
w
ill
ca
lc
u
late
r
ij
(
x
)
w
h
e
n
p
ee
r
i
d
o
w
n
lo
ad
s
f
r
o
m
p
ee
r
j
f
o
r
x
ti
m
es,
w
h
er
e
r
ij
(
x
)
is
t
h
e
r
e
p
u
tatio
n
s
co
r
e
t
h
at
p
ee
r
i
h
a
s
a
g
ain
s
t
j
.
P
ee
r
i
n
o
r
m
alize
s
all
R
ij
w
h
ic
h
p
ee
r
i c
alcu
late
s
f
o
r
p
ee
r
j(
1
≤
j
≤
N)
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
J
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C
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I
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N:
2
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8
8
-
8708
A
R
elia
b
le
P
ee
r
-
to
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P
ee
r
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la
tf
o
r
m
fo
r
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d
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g
N
ew N
o
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e
Usi
n
g
Tr
u
s
t B
a
s
ed
Mo
d
el
(
V
ima
l S
)
3517
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
Selectio
n
p
r
o
b
ab
ilit
y
in
th
e
alter
atio
n
T
o
m
a
k
e
m
id
d
le
r
eliab
ilit
y
p
ee
r
s
as
tr
an
s
ac
ti
n
g
p
ee
r
b
y
Fi
g
u
r
e
1
,
ea
ch
p
ee
r
w
il
l
alter
th
e
s
elec
tio
n
p
r
o
b
a
b
ilit
y
o
f
tr
an
s
ac
tio
n
p
ee
r
ac
co
r
d
in
g
to
p
ee
r
d
i
v
is
io
n
wh
en
u
s
i
n
g
g
lo
b
al
s
co
r
es
f
o
r
s
e
lectio
n
p
r
o
b
ab
ilit
y
.
I
f
th
er
e
is
a
m
id
d
le
r
el
iab
ilit
y
p
ee
r
a
m
o
n
g
p
ee
r
s
,
d
o
w
n
lo
ad
er
’
s
alter
th
e
g
lo
b
al
s
co
r
e
o
f
m
id
d
le
r
eliab
ilit
y
.
Af
ter
t
h
is
alter
atio
n
,
d
o
w
n
lo
ad
er
w
ill
n
o
r
m
alize
t
h
e
g
lo
b
al
s
co
r
es
o
f
r
ep
l
y
p
ee
r
s
in
c
l
u
d
in
g
alter
ed
g
lo
b
al
s
co
r
es o
f
m
id
d
le
r
eliab
ilit
y
p
e
er
s
an
d
u
s
e
s
th
e
m
as
s
elec
tio
n
p
r
o
b
a
b
ilit
y
.
2
.
3
.
Rela
t
ed
Wo
rk
P
ro
ble
m
s
I
n
P
2
P
n
et
w
o
r
k
s
,
d
u
e
to
f
r
eq
u
en
t
p
ar
ticip
atio
n
an
d
d
ep
ar
tu
r
e
o
f
p
ee
r
s
,
th
e
h
ig
h
l
y
v
al
u
ated
s
af
e
p
ee
r
s
d
ec
r
ea
s
e
w
ith
p
ee
r
’
s
d
ep
ar
tu
r
e.
T
h
en
,
m
a
n
y
f
ile
r
eq
u
est
s
c
o
n
ce
n
tr
ate
o
n
a
p
o
r
tio
n
o
f
s
a
f
e
p
ee
r
s
p
ar
ticip
atin
g
f
r
o
m
b
eg
i
n
n
in
g
w
h
ic
h
ar
e
d
ef
i
n
ed
as
in
itia
l
p
ee
r
s
.
Ho
w
e
v
er
,
r
ep
u
tatio
n
[
7
]
-
[9
]
s
y
s
te
m
w
ill
n
o
t
co
n
s
id
er
r
ep
u
tatio
n
s
co
r
es
o
f
n
e
w
p
ee
r
s
.
DF
R
-
T
R
UST
m
o
d
el
i
s
u
s
ed
to
d
is
tr
ib
u
te
f
ile
r
eq
u
est
s
a
m
o
n
g
s
af
e
p
ee
r
s
d
o
es
n
o
t c
o
p
e
w
it
h
p
r
o
b
le
m
an
d
f
ai
ls
to
d
i
s
tr
ib
u
te
th
e
p
r
o
b
le
m
s
ar
e:
1
)
Ne
w
p
ee
r
ca
n
n
o
t r
ep
l
y
t
o
f
i
le
r
eq
u
e
s
ts
s
i
n
c
e
th
e
y
d
o
n
o
t
h
a
v
e
in
itial
f
iles
to
u
p
lo
ad
2
)
Ne
w
p
ee
r
’
s
g
lo
b
al
s
co
r
es a
r
e
s
et
as 0
at
th
e
b
e
g
i
n
n
in
g
3
)
C
alc
u
latio
n
m
et
h
o
d
o
f
lo
ca
l sco
r
es st
an
d
s
o
n
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
p
r
o
v
is
io
n
o
f
f
ile
s
.
3.
NP
–
T
RUST
M
O
DE
L
T
h
e
NP
-
T
R
UST
m
o
d
el
w
ill
co
n
s
id
er
th
e
r
eliab
ili
t
y
o
f
n
e
w
p
ee
r
s
a
n
d
w
ill
ca
lc
u
late
g
l
o
b
al
s
co
r
es.
T
h
e
m
ai
n
p
u
r
p
o
s
e
is
to
d
is
tr
ib
u
te
f
ile
s
r
eq
u
ests
a
m
o
n
g
s
af
e
p
ee
r
s
(
b
o
th
in
itial
an
d
n
e
w
l
y
j
o
in
ed
p
ee
r
s
)
.
NP
-
T
R
UST
m
o
d
el
h
as
th
r
ee
p
h
a
s
es.
I
n
t
h
i
s
p
ap
er
w
e
w
i
ll
s
ee
ab
o
u
t
th
e
p
h
a
s
es
o
f
NP
-
T
R
UST
m
o
d
el
i
n
t
h
e
f
o
llo
w
in
g
c
h
ap
ter
s
.
3
.
1
.
T
o
Su
pp
ly
I
nitia
l F
iles
t
o
Ne
w
P
ee
rs
I
n
th
is
p
h
ase,
to
d
ea
l
w
i
th
th
e
lack
o
f
in
itial
f
ile
s
f
o
r
n
e
w
p
e
er
s
,
o
th
er
p
ee
r
s
w
ill
s
u
p
p
l
y
s
o
m
e
i
n
itia
l
f
iles
to
it.
T
h
e
p
ee
r
w
h
ic
h
is
s
u
p
p
l
y
i
n
g
in
itial
f
ile
s
to
n
e
w
p
ee
r
s
is
ca
l
led
as
s
u
p
p
lier
p
ee
r
.
T
h
e
t
w
o
m
ai
n
r
o
le
s
o
f
s
u
p
p
lier
p
ee
r
s
ar
e
1
)
L
o
w
o
r
m
id
d
le
r
eliab
ilit
y
p
ee
r
an
d
2
)
Ne
w
l
y
j
o
in
ed
p
ee
r
s
.
T
h
e
lo
w
r
eliab
ilit
y
p
ee
r
s
ar
e
lik
el
y
to
b
e
i
m
p
o
s
in
g
d
o
w
n
lo
ad
li
m
ita
tio
n
b
y
tit
-
f
o
r
-
ta
t
m
ec
h
a
n
i
s
m
.
T
h
e
n
e
w
p
ee
r
n
ee
d
s
th
e
ch
a
n
ce
f
o
r
ev
alu
a
t
io
n
.
Fo
r
th
e
f
ir
s
t
ti
m
e,
n
e
w
p
ee
r
w
ill
s
e
n
d
r
eq
u
ests
f
o
r
in
itial
f
ile
s
.
T
h
e
p
ee
r
s
w
h
ich
r
ec
eiv
e
th
e
r
eq
u
est
w
il
l
ca
lcu
late
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
n
ee
d
ed
f
iles
a
n
d
w
ill
s
u
p
p
l
y
i
t.
T
h
e
n
e
w
p
ar
ticip
atin
g
p
ee
r
w
ill
r
ec
eiv
e
all
s
u
p
p
lied
f
iles
b
ec
a
u
s
e
it
d
o
es
n
o
t
k
n
o
w
g
lo
b
al
s
co
r
e
o
f
ea
ch
s
u
p
p
lier
.
Ho
w
ev
er
,
r
ec
eiv
i
n
g
an
i
n
au
th
e
n
tic
f
ile
f
r
o
m
s
u
p
p
lier
,
th
e
n
e
w
p
ee
r
w
ill d
e
n
y
i
n
itia
l f
i
le
s
u
p
p
lied
b
y
s
a
m
e
s
u
p
p
lier
.
3
.
2
.
New
P
ee
r
Select
io
n
T
h
is
p
h
ase
w
ill
d
ea
l
w
it
h
th
e
p
r
o
b
lem
o
f
lack
o
f
ev
al
u
atio
n
ch
an
ce
s
o
f
n
e
w
p
ee
r
s
.
T
h
e
g
l
o
b
al
s
co
r
e
o
f
n
e
w
p
ee
r
s
ar
e
s
et
to
0
w
h
e
n
p
ar
ticip
atin
g
i
n
t
h
e
n
et
w
o
r
k
.
T
h
u
s
t
h
e
y
ar
e
n
o
t
s
elec
ted
a
s
u
p
lo
ad
er
s
.
W
h
e
n
d
o
w
n
lo
ad
er
m
a
k
es a
q
u
er
y
f
o
r
f
ile,
r
ep
l
y
p
ee
r
s
as n
e
w
p
ee
r
s
if
f
a
lli
n
g
u
n
d
er
b
o
th
o
f
f
o
llo
w
i
n
g
,
i)
Glo
b
al
s
co
r
e
o
f
r
ep
ly
p
ee
r
is
0
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2088
-
8708
I
J
E
C
E
Vo
l.
7
,
No
.
6
,
Dec
em
b
er
2
0
1
7
:
3
5
1
5
–
3
5
2
0
3518
ii)
Do
w
n
lo
ad
er
h
av
e
n
o
t d
o
w
n
lo
ad
ed
an
d
u
p
lo
ad
ed
t
o
r
ep
ly
p
ee
r
.
I
f
t
h
er
e
w
er
e
s
e
v
er
al
n
e
w
p
ee
r
s
,
a
d
o
w
n
lo
ad
er
w
ill
s
elec
t
o
n
e
p
ee
r
r
an
d
o
m
l
y
.
I
f
t
h
er
e
w
e
r
e
n
o
n
e
w
p
ee
r
,
d
o
w
n
lo
ad
er
s
elec
ts
u
p
lo
ad
er
as
u
s
u
al.
O
n
ce
p
ee
r
s
ar
e
tr
ea
ted
as
a
n
e
w
p
ee
r
,
d
o
w
n
lo
ad
er
s
elec
ts
n
e
w
p
ee
r
in
c
er
tain
p
r
o
b
ab
ilit
y
β
k
.
β
k
=
θ
k
*
E
W
h
er
e
E
is
th
e
co
n
s
tan
t o
f
s
el
ec
tio
n
p
r
o
b
ab
ilit
y
.
3
.
3
.
L
o
ca
l Sco
re
Ca
lcula
t
io
n
I
n
th
is
p
h
a
s
e,
th
e
lo
ca
l
s
co
r
e
o
f
p
ee
r
s
ar
e
ca
lcu
lated
s
h
o
w
s
in
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
T
h
e
lo
ca
l
s
co
r
es
ar
e
s
et
to
lo
w
in
co
m
p
ar
is
o
n
to
i
n
itial
p
ee
r
s
,
ev
al
u
atio
n
ch
a
n
ce
s
o
f
n
e
w
p
ee
r
s
also
g
et
lo
w
.
R
ec
ei
v
i
n
g
a
f
ile,
ea
c
h
p
ee
r
i
ca
lcu
late
s
lo
ca
l sco
r
es a
g
ai
n
s
t
p
ee
r
j
L
ij
w
h
er
e
p
ee
r
j
is
th
e
s
en
d
er
o
f
f
ile.
L
o
ca
l sco
r
e
is
ca
l
cu
lated
as,
=
{
−
+
0
(
≥
)
(
othe
r
w
ise
)
W
h
er
e
R
sij
d
en
o
te
s
all
p
r
o
v
is
i
o
n
ti
m
es
o
f
s
a
f
e
f
iles
f
r
o
m
j
t
o
i
an
d
R
v
ij
d
e
n
o
tes
all
p
r
o
v
i
s
i
o
n
ti
m
e
o
f
in
au
th
e
n
tic
f
ile
s
f
r
o
m
j
to
i.
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
L
o
ca
l sco
r
es o
f
NP
-
T
R
UST
4.
P
E
RF
O
RM
ANCE E
VA
L
U
AT
I
O
N
T
h
e
ef
f
ec
t
o
f
NP
-
T
R
UST
is
d
is
cu
s
s
ed
b
y
co
m
p
ar
i
n
g
w
i
th
DFR
a
n
d
Go
s
s
ip
T
r
u
s
t.
T
o
co
m
p
ar
e,
w
e
s
i
m
u
late
Go
s
s
ip
tr
u
s
t
an
d
D
F
R
-
T
R
UST
at
s
a
m
e
ti
m
e.
E
v
al
u
ated
ter
m
s
i
n
g
lo
b
al
[
10]
s
af
e
p
ee
r
s
s
co
r
e,
s
u
cc
es
s
r
ate
in
th
e
d
o
w
n
lo
ad
i
n
g
o
f
f
ile
s
an
d
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
s
elec
ted
ti
m
e
as u
p
lo
ad
er
.
4
.
1
.
Set
t
ing
Up Si
m
u
la
t
io
n
Her
e
th
e
in
a
u
t
h
en
tic
f
ile
p
r
o
v
is
io
n
p
r
o
b
ab
ilit
y
o
f
s
a
f
e
p
ee
r
s
is
s
et
to
0
.
0
5
b
ec
au
s
e
w
e
co
n
s
id
er
th
a
t
s
af
e
p
ee
r
s
i
n
v
o
lu
n
tar
il
y
p
r
o
v
id
e
d
o
w
n
lo
ad
ed
in
a
u
t
h
en
t
ic
f
ile.
O
n
o
th
er
h
a
n
d
,
in
a
u
t
h
e
n
tic
f
ile
p
r
o
v
i
s
io
n
p
r
o
b
a
b
ilit
y
o
f
m
a
licio
u
s
p
ee
r
s
is
s
e
t
to
0
.
5
.
T
h
e
p
r
o
b
a
b
ilit
y
o
f
p
r
o
v
id
in
g
i
n
a
u
th
e
n
tic
f
ile
b
y
m
a
licio
u
s
p
ee
r
s
g
ets
h
i
g
h
e
s
t
w
h
e
n
in
a
u
t
h
e
n
tic
f
ile
p
r
o
v
is
io
n
p
r
o
b
ab
ilit
y
o
f
m
alicio
u
s
p
ee
r
s
i
s
s
et
to
4
5
%.
Ag
g
r
eg
atio
n
[
1
1
]
-
[
1
3
]
cy
cle
o
f
g
lo
b
al
s
co
r
es is
1
0
0
0
.
P
ar
ticip
ati
o
n
an
d
Dep
ar
tu
r
e
Mo
d
el:
T
h
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
p
ar
ticip
atin
g
a
n
d
d
ep
ar
tin
g
p
ee
r
s
is
s
et
to
s
a
m
e
r
atio
8
% o
f
all
p
ee
r
s
.
T
h
u
s
,
as
ag
g
r
e
g
atio
n
ti
m
es i
n
cr
ea
s
es,
r
atio
o
f
n
e
w
p
ee
r
s
d
ec
r
ea
s
es
g
r
ad
u
all
y
.
I
f
d
ep
ar
ted
p
ee
r
p
ar
ticip
ate
to
n
et
w
o
r
k
a
g
ain
,
p
ee
r
i
s
m
a
n
ag
ed
b
y
n
e
w
p
ee
r
.
Ma
licio
u
s
P
ee
r
Mo
d
el:
T
h
is
m
o
d
el
p
r
o
v
id
es
in
au
th
e
n
tic
f
iles
at
co
n
s
tan
t
r
ate.
A
n
d
t
h
e
y
d
o
n
o
t
r
u
n
tactic
al
attac
k
th
e
m
alicio
u
s
p
ee
r
attac
k
w
h
ic
h
tr
ies
at
ex
p
lo
it
r
ep
u
tatio
n
a
g
g
r
e
g
atio
n
m
et
h
o
d
.
T
h
e
tactica
l
a
ttack
i
s
attac
k
w
h
ic
h
m
alicio
u
s
p
ee
r
s
p
r
o
v
id
e
s
a
f
e
f
ile
s
u
n
t
il th
e
ir
g
lo
b
al
s
co
r
es g
et
h
i
g
h
a
n
d
p
r
o
v
id
e
in
au
t
h
e
n
tic
f
ile
s
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
J
E
C
E
I
SS
N:
2
0
8
8
-
8708
A
R
elia
b
le
P
ee
r
-
to
-
P
ee
r
P
la
tf
o
r
m
fo
r
A
d
d
in
g
N
ew N
o
d
e
Usi
n
g
Tr
u
s
t B
a
s
ed
Mo
d
el
(
V
ima
l S
)
3519
4
.
2
.
Co
nfir
m
a
t
io
n f
o
r
Select
ing
New
P
a
r
t
icipa
t
ing
peer
s
a
s
a
n Uplo
a
der
T
h
e
r
atio
o
f
m
alicio
u
s
p
ee
r
s
i
s
0
.
5
N
an
d
th
e
p
r
o
b
ab
ilit
y
o
f
p
r
o
v
id
in
g
i
n
au
th
e
n
tic
f
iles
o
f
m
alicio
u
s
p
ee
r
o
f
6
0
%.
W
e
co
n
f
ir
m
i
n
d
ep
en
d
en
t
f
iles
to
n
e
w
p
ee
r
s
.
T
h
e
av
er
a
g
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
s
elec
te
d
ti
m
es
as
u
p
lo
ad
er
is
s
e
t
to
0
w
h
e
n
n
e
w
p
ee
r
s
ar
e
o
n
l
y
s
u
p
p
lied
in
itial
f
ile
s
a
n
d
g
lo
b
al
s
co
r
es
ar
e
s
et
to
0
.
As
t
h
e
a
g
g
r
e
g
atio
n
c
y
cle
in
cr
ea
s
e
s
,
av
er
ag
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
tr
an
s
ac
tio
n
o
f
in
itial
p
ee
r
s
in
cr
ea
s
es.
A
lt
h
o
u
g
h
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
n
e
w
p
ee
r
s
d
o
es
n
o
t
in
cr
ea
s
e
s
ig
n
i
f
ica
n
tl
y
w
h
ich
m
ea
n
s
t
h
at
f
ile
r
eq
u
est
s
co
n
ce
n
tr
ate
o
n
in
itial
p
ee
r
s
.
T
h
en
,
w
e
s
h
o
u
ld
co
n
f
ir
m
t
h
e
i
n
d
ep
en
d
en
t
e
f
f
ec
t
o
f
g
lo
b
al
s
co
r
es
o
f
n
e
w
p
ee
r
s
.
T
h
ese
s
co
r
es
ar
e
s
et
to
a
v
e
r
ag
e
o
f
g
lo
b
al
s
co
r
es
o
f
all
p
ee
r
s
.
W
e
g
o
t a
l
m
o
s
t sa
m
e
r
es
u
lts
.
T
h
is
m
ea
n
s
t
h
at
f
il
e
r
eq
u
ests
co
n
ce
n
tr
ate
o
n
in
i
ti
al
p
ee
r
s
.
Fro
m
th
e
s
e
o
u
tco
m
es,
w
e
ca
n
s
a
y
t
h
at
u
t
ilizin
g
to
w
co
u
n
ter
m
ea
s
u
r
es
i
n
d
iv
id
u
all
y
is
n
o
t
ef
f
ec
ti
v
e.
T
h
u
s
,
w
e
co
m
b
i
n
e
th
ese
co
u
n
ter
m
ea
s
u
r
es to
d
iv
e
r
s
if
y
th
e
f
ile
r
eq
u
e
s
ts
.
4
.
3
.
Nu
m
be
r
o
f
Select
ed
T
i
m
es
a
s
Uplo
a
der
W
e
u
s
e
DFR
an
d
Go
s
s
ip
T
r
u
s
t
to
co
m
p
ar
e
w
it
h
NF
R
-
T
r
u
s
t
[
1
4
]
,
[
1
5
]
r
eg
ar
d
in
g
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
s
elec
ted
ti
m
e
s
as
u
p
lo
ad
er
.
T
h
is
s
i
m
u
l
atio
n
i
s
e
x
ec
u
ted
f
o
r
i
n
v
e
s
ti
g
atin
g
w
h
et
h
er
f
ile
r
eq
u
e
s
ts
ar
e
d
is
tr
ib
u
ted
a
m
o
n
g
s
af
e
p
ee
r
s
.
T
h
e
s
elec
ted
ti
m
e
s
o
f
n
e
w
p
ee
r
s
ar
e
h
i
g
h
w
h
il
e
m
alicio
u
s
p
ee
r
s
ar
e
k
ep
t
lo
w
i
n
NP
-
T
r
u
s
t.
T
h
is
m
ea
n
s
f
ile
r
eq
u
es
ts
ar
e
d
is
tr
ib
u
ted
to
n
e
w
p
ee
r
s
.
A
lt
h
o
u
g
h
i
n
Go
s
s
ip
T
r
u
s
t,
f
e
w
o
f
n
e
w
p
ee
r
s
ar
e
u
tili
ze
d
as
u
p
lo
ad
er
s
an
d
r
eq
u
e
s
ts
h
av
e
c
o
n
ce
n
tr
ated
o
n
p
o
r
tio
n
o
f
in
iti
al
p
ee
r
s
.
T
h
e
s
tan
d
ar
d
v
ar
iat
io
n
o
f
s
ele
cted
ti
m
e
s
a
s
u
p
lo
ad
er
o
f
s
a
f
e
f
ile
s
i
n
NP
-
T
R
UST
m
o
d
el
i
s
o
n
e
t
h
ir
d
o
f
th
e
DF
R
-
T
R
UST
m
o
d
el
an
d
o
n
e
ten
t
h
o
f
th
e
Go
s
s
ip
T
r
u
s
t.
T
h
u
s
th
e
s
elec
ted
ti
m
e
s
o
f
s
af
e
p
ee
r
s
ar
e
b
alan
ce
d
in
NP
-
T
r
u
s
t,
f
i
le
r
eq
u
est
s
ar
e
d
is
tr
ib
u
ted
as
ex
p
ec
t
ed
.
T
h
e
r
ea
s
o
n
th
at
NP
-
T
r
u
s
t
h
as
ac
co
m
p
li
s
h
ed
th
e
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
i
s
b
ec
au
s
e
NP
-
T
r
u
s
t
g
iv
e
s
ch
a
n
ce
s
to
n
e
w
p
ee
r
s
to
b
e
ev
alu
a
ted
.
I
t
s
u
p
p
li
es
n
e
w
f
ile
s
to
n
e
w
p
ee
r
s
an
d
g
lo
b
al
s
co
r
es
o
f
n
e
w
p
ee
r
s
ar
e
v
alu
a
ted
h
ig
h
.
I
n
Go
s
s
ip
T
r
u
s
t,
it
d
o
es
n
o
t
h
av
e
m
ec
h
a
n
is
m
to
ev
alu
a
te
th
e
n
e
w
p
ee
r
s
.
T
h
u
s
p
ee
r
s
ar
e
r
ar
ely
s
elec
ted
as
u
p
lo
ad
er
s
.
4
.
4
.
G
lo
ba
l Sco
re
s
o
f
Sa
f
e
P
e
ers
T
h
e
th
r
ee
m
e
th
o
d
s
ar
e
co
m
p
a
r
ed
in
ter
m
s
o
f
g
lo
b
al
s
co
r
e.
I
f
t
h
e
s
co
r
es
d
o
n
o
t
co
n
v
er
g
e
to
th
at
o
f
cr
itical
p
ee
r
s
,
n
e
w
p
ee
r
s
ar
e
lik
el
y
to
b
e
s
elec
ted
as
u
p
lo
ad
er
.
T
h
e
av
er
ag
e
o
f
g
lo
b
al
s
co
r
es
w
i
th
i
n
ev
a
lu
ate
s
in
itial
s
af
e
p
ee
r
s
a
n
d
n
e
w
p
e
er
s
.
W
e
co
n
f
ir
m
h
o
w
g
lo
b
al
s
co
r
es
ch
an
g
e
w
h
e
n
ag
g
r
eg
at
io
n
[
1
6
]
,
[
1
7
]
cy
cle
in
cr
ea
s
es a
n
d
r
atio
o
f
in
it
ial
p
ee
r
s
d
ec
r
ea
s
es.
NP
-
T
r
u
s
t
u
s
e
ca
lc
u
latio
n
m
e
t
h
o
d
o
f
lo
ca
l
s
co
r
es
w
h
ic
h
ex
p
r
ess
r
ad
ical
r
eliab
ilit
y
s
o
o
n
a
n
d
th
u
s
th
e
co
n
v
er
g
e
n
ce
is
f
ast.
DF
R
-
T
r
u
s
t
s
h
o
w
s
i
n
Fi
g
u
r
e
3
n
ee
d
s
s
o
m
e
a
g
g
r
e
g
atio
n
c
y
cle
to
ca
lcu
late
lo
ca
l
s
co
r
es.
T
h
u
s
r
eliab
ilit
y
o
f
in
itial
p
ee
r
s
i
s
h
ig
h
w
h
e
n
co
m
p
ar
ed
to
n
e
w
p
ee
r
s
.
T
h
e
g
lo
b
al
s
co
r
es
o
f
in
i
tial
p
ee
r
s
g
et
h
ig
h
.
T
h
er
e
f
o
r
e
s
o
m
e
ag
g
r
e
g
a
tio
n
ti
m
e
s
ar
e
n
ee
d
ed
to
ca
lc
u
l
ate
g
lo
b
al
s
co
r
e
o
f
n
e
w
p
ee
r
s
.
T
h
u
s
t
h
e
p
r
o
v
i
s
io
n
ti
m
e
o
f
n
e
w
p
ee
r
s
i
s
f
e
w
er
t
h
a
n
t
h
at
o
f
in
i
tial p
ee
r
s
b
ec
au
s
e
p
ar
ticip
atin
g
ti
m
es
ar
e
d
if
f
er
e
n
t.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e
g
lo
b
al
s
co
r
es a
r
e
k
ep
t lo
w
an
d
d
o
n
o
t
co
n
v
er
g
e
o
n
r
ad
ical
r
eliab
ilit
y
.
Fig
u
r
e
3
.
Ag
g
r
e
g
atio
n
c
y
cle
o
f
NP
-
T
R
UST
4
.
5
Su
cc
es
s
Ra
t
e
o
f
Do
w
nlo
a
din
g
F
iles
T
h
e
s
u
cc
ess
r
ate
o
f
d
o
w
n
lo
ad
in
g
f
ile
s
is
e
v
al
u
ated
d
u
r
i
n
g
t
h
r
ee
m
eth
o
d
s
.
T
h
e
s
u
cc
ess
r
ate
o
f
d
o
w
n
lo
ad
i
n
g
f
iles
o
f
NP
-
T
r
u
s
t
is
8
% h
i
g
h
er
t
h
an
t
h
at
o
f
D
F
R
tr
u
s
t a
n
d
1
0
% h
i
g
h
er
t
h
an
t
h
at
o
f
Go
s
s
ip
T
r
u
s
t.
I
n
NP
-
T
r
u
s
t,
th
e
g
lo
b
al
s
co
r
es
o
f
n
e
w
p
ee
r
s
ar
e
ca
lcu
lated
s
a
m
e
a
s
th
at
o
f
i
n
itial
p
ee
r
s
if
t
h
eir
r
eliab
ilit
y
is
eq
u
al.
T
h
u
s
t
h
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
d
o
w
n
lo
ad
f
ai
lu
r
e
i
s
av
o
id
ed
b
ec
au
s
e
t
h
er
e
i
s
n
o
co
n
ce
n
tr
atio
n
o
f
f
ile
r
eq
u
es
ts
to
s
o
m
e
s
a
f
e
p
ee
r
s
.
T
h
e
n
u
m
b
e
r
o
f
d
o
w
n
lo
ad
ed
in
au
t
h
e
n
tic
f
iles
g
et
s
h
i
g
h
er
t
h
an
t
h
at
o
f
NP
-
T
r
u
s
t
b
ec
au
s
e
g
lo
b
al
s
co
r
es o
f
in
i
tial
m
alicio
u
s
p
ee
r
s
ar
e
r
elativ
el
y
h
ig
h
co
m
p
ar
ed
to
n
e
w
p
ee
r
s
.
5.
CO
NCLU
SI
O
N
T
h
u
s
NP
-
T
r
u
s
t
h
as
b
ee
n
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
w
h
o
s
e
p
u
r
p
o
s
e
is
to
d
is
t
r
ib
u
te
f
i
le
r
eq
u
est
s
to
s
a
f
e
p
e
er
s
w
h
ic
h
in
cl
u
d
e
in
itial
p
ee
r
s
an
d
n
e
w
p
ee
r
s
as
w
ell.
C
h
a
n
ce
s
ar
e
g
i
v
en
to
n
e
w
p
ee
r
s
to
ev
a
lu
ate
an
d
cr
ea
te
ev
al
u
ati
n
g
m
ec
h
a
n
i
s
m
.
C
alc
u
latio
n
m
eth
o
d
o
f
lo
ca
l sco
r
es in
NP
-
T
r
u
s
t
d
o
es n
o
t r
el
y
o
n
f
ile
p
r
o
v
is
io
n
ti
m
es.
T
h
u
s
g
lo
b
al
0
0.002
0
5
10
15
20
In
i
ti
al
P
eer
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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:
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I
J
E
C
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Vo
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7
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No
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6
,
Dec
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b
er
2
0
1
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3
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–
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s
co
r
es
o
f
n
e
w
p
ee
r
s
ar
e
h
i
g
h
w
h
e
n
co
m
p
ar
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to
in
itial
p
ee
r
s
.
As
a
f
u
t
u
r
e
w
o
r
k
,
it
is
n
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e
s
s
ar
y
to
h
a
n
d
le
p
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r
,
w
h
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ap
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ef
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o
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p
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s
th
at
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ep
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ted
l
y
j
o
in
s
a
n
d
lea
v
e
f
o
r
attac
k
.
RE
F
E
R
E
NC
E
S
[1
]
M
.
He
fe
e
d
a
a
n
d
O.
S
a
leh
,
“
T
ra
ff
i
c
m
o
d
e
li
n
g
a
n
d
p
ro
p
o
rti
o
n
a
l
p
a
rti
a
l
c
a
c
h
in
g
f
o
r
p
e
e
r
-
to
-
p
e
e
r
s
y
ste
m
s
”
,
IEE
E/
A
CM
tran
s.Ne
tw
o
rk
in
g
2
0
0
8
,
V
o
l
.
1
6
,
I
ss
u
e
.
6
,
p
p
.
1
4
4
7
–
1
4
6
0
,
De
c
e
m
b
e
r.
2
0
0
8
.
[2
]
R.
X
ian
g
,
J.
Ne
v
il
le,
a
n
d
M
.
Ro
g
a
ti
.
M
o
d
e
li
n
g
re
latio
n
s
h
ip
stre
n
g
th
in
o
n
li
n
e
so
c
ial
n
e
tw
o
rk
s.
In
Pro
c
.
o
f
W
W
W
,
2
0
1
0
.
[3
]
G
.
S
a
lt
o
n
,
A
.
W
o
n
g
,
a
n
d
C.
S
.
Ya
n
g
.
A
v
e
c
to
r
sp
a
c
e
m
o
d
e
l
f
o
r
a
u
to
m
a
ti
c
in
d
e
x
in
g
.
Co
mm
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
s
o
f
th
e
ACM
,
1
9
7
5
.
[4
]
J.
Erma
n
,
A
.
M
a
h
a
n
ti
,
M
.
A
rli
tt
,
a
n
d
C.
W
il
li
a
m
so
n
,
“
Id
e
n
ti
f
y
in
g
a
n
d
d
isc
rim
in
a
ti
n
g
b
e
tw
e
e
n
w
e
b
a
n
d
p
e
e
r
-
to
-
p
e
e
r
traff
ic i
n
th
e
n
e
tw
o
rk
c
o
re
”
,
A
C
M
W
WW
2
0
0
7
,
p
p
.
8
8
3
–
8
9
2
,
M
a
y
.
2
0
0
7
.
[5
]
R.
Zh
o
u
,
K.
Hw
a
n
g
,
a
n
d
M
.
Ca
i
,
“
G
o
ss
ip
T
ru
st
f
o
r
F
a
st
Re
p
u
tati
o
n
A
g
g
re
g
a
ti
o
n
in
P
e
e
r
-
to
-
P
e
e
r
Ne
tw
o
r
ks
”
,
IEE
E
T
ra
n
s.
o
n
Kn
o
w
led
g
e
a
n
d
Da
ta E
n
g
in
e
e
rin
g
,
v
o
l.
2
0
,
Iss
u
e
.
9
,
p
p
.
1
2
8
2
–
1
2
9
5
,
2
0
0
8
.
[6
]
J.
M
e
se
rv
e
,
“
P
2
P
traf
f
i
c
stil
l
d
o
m
in
a
tes
th
e
Ne
t,
”
Ne
tw
o
rk
W
o
rld
,
A
u
g
u
st 2
0
0
5
.
[7
]
B.
Ch
a
a
n
d
J.
Kim
,
“
Ha
n
d
li
n
g
F
a
k
e
M
u
lt
ime
d
ia
Co
n
ten
ts
T
h
re
a
t
w
it
h
Co
ll
e
c
ti
v
e
In
telli
g
e
n
c
e
in
P
2
P
F
il
e
S
h
a
ri
n
g
En
v
iro
n
m
e
n
ts”
,
P
2
P
,
P
a
ra
ll
e
l,
G
rid
,
Cl
o
u
d
a
n
d
In
ter
n
e
t
Co
m
p
u
ti
n
g
,
p
p
.
2
5
8
-
2
6
3
,
No
v
e
m
b
e
r
2
0
1
0
.
[8
]
A
.
M
a
tsu
m
o
to
,
Y.
M
a
sh
im
o
,
M
.
Ya
su
to
m
i,
a
n
d
H.
S
h
ig
e
n
o
,
“
IL
GT
:
G
ro
u
p
Re
p
u
tati
o
n
A
g
g
re
g
a
t
io
n
M
e
t
h
o
d
f
o
r
Un
stru
c
tu
re
d
P
e
e
r
-
to
-
P
e
e
r
Ne
tw
o
rk
s”
,
ICP
A
DS
2
0
1
0
,
p
p
.
1
9
7
–
2
0
4
,
De
c
e
m
b
e
r
2
0
1
0
.
[9
]
A
.
M
a
tsu
m
o
to
,
M
.
Ya
su
t
o
m
i,
a
n
d
H.
S
h
ig
e
n
o
,
“
Distri
b
u
ti
o
n
o
f
F
il
e
Re
q
u
e
sts
Us
in
g
T
ru
st
Ag
g
r
e
g
a
ti
o
n
M
e
th
o
d
f
o
r
Un
stru
c
tu
re
d
P
2
P
Ne
tw
o
rk
s
”
,
In
fo
rm
a
ti
o
n
P
ro
c
e
ss
in
g
S
o
c
iety
o
f
Ja
p
a
n
,
Vo
l.
5
3
,
N
o
.
2
,
2
0
1
2
.
[1
0
]
T
.
Ya
ji
m
a
,
A
.
M
a
tsu
m
o
to
,
a
n
d
H.
S
h
ig
e
n
o
,
“
Hu
b
No
d
e
Re
in
f
o
rc
e
m
e
n
t
a
g
a
in
st
F
o
rw
a
rd
in
g
Ob
stru
c
ti
o
n
A
tt
a
c
k
s
in
P
e
e
r
-
to
-
P
e
e
r
Ne
tw
o
rk
s
”
,
Ne
tw
o
rk
-
Ba
se
d
In
f
o
rm
a
ti
o
n
S
y
ste
m
s (NBi
S
2
0
1
1
)
,
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[1
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S
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a
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[1
2
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,
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[1
3
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[1
4
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2
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[1
5
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J.
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j.
Hu
a
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g
,
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J.
Zh
a
n
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,
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M
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2
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.
[1
6
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K.
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S
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S
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Ne
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m
s De
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tatio
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(NSDI
2
0
0
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),
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0
0
6
.
[1
7
]
C.
Bin
z
e
l
a
n
d
D.
F
e
h
r.
H
o
w
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o
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Dista
n
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Aff
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ts
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Co
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p
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ra
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:
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p
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rim
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lu
m
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In
Pro
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9
.
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V
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lar.
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