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R
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Dep
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m
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etc
[
1
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,
[
2
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.
L
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[
4
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.
A
s
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
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[
6
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.
T
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in
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v
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v
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p
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to
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s
[
7
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.
S
o
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x
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6
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,
7
T
,
8
T
,
9
T
,
1
0
T
[
1
]
,
[
3
]
,
1
1
T
[
5
]
an
d
1
3
T
[
6
]
.
T
h
e
6
T
-
SR
AM
ce
ll
s
u
f
f
er
s
f
r
o
m
r
ea
d
/
w
r
ite
ac
ce
s
s
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
,
s
ca
lin
g
,
s
o
f
t
er
r
o
r
s
an
d
s
tab
ilit
y
o
f
t
h
e
ce
ll
d
i
m
in
i
s
h
es
at
lo
w
-
v
o
lta
g
e.
T
h
e
d
is
ad
v
an
tag
e
s
o
f
t
h
e
ex
is
tin
g
8
T
,
9
T
,
1
0
T
an
d
1
3
T
SR
A
M
m
e
m
o
r
y
c
el
ls
ar
e;
i)
I
t
r
eq
u
ir
es
m
o
r
e
th
a
n
1
-
w
o
r
d
li
n
e
(
W
L
)
an
d
2
-
b
it
li
n
es
(
B
L
s
)
f
o
r
an
o
p
er
atio
n
o
f
th
e
ce
ll.
Mo
r
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
W
L
s
an
d
B
L
s
r
eq
u
ir
ed
f
o
r
r
ea
d
/
w
r
ite
o
p
er
atio
n
s
o
f
th
e
ce
l
l
lead
s
to
th
e
in
cr
ea
s
ed
in
ter
n
al
w
ir
i
n
g
c
ap
ac
ita
n
ce
a
n
d
r
esis
ta
n
ce
.
T
h
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
o
f
t
h
e
ce
ll
is
d
eg
r
ad
ed
w
ith
i
n
cr
ea
s
ed
p
r
o
p
ag
atio
n
d
ela
y
.
ii)
I
n
cr
ea
s
ed
ce
ll
ar
ea
.
iii)
C
o
n
ti
n
u
o
u
s
s
w
itc
h
i
n
g
tr
an
s
itio
n
s
d
u
r
i
n
g
h
i
g
h
-
to
-
lo
w
a
n
d
lo
w
-
to
-
h
i
g
h
o
f
t
h
e
p
u
ll
-
u
p
n
et
w
o
r
k
(
P
UN)
an
d
th
e
p
u
ll
-
d
o
w
n
n
et
w
o
r
k
(
P
DN)
g
iv
es
r
is
e
to
ch
ar
g
i
n
g
a
n
d
d
is
ch
a
r
g
i
n
g
o
f
t
h
e
lo
ad
ca
p
ac
itan
ce
(
C
L
)
lead
to
d
y
n
a
m
ic
p
o
w
er
d
is
s
ip
atio
n
.
I
n
th
i
s
p
ap
er
,
w
e
p
r
esen
t
f
o
u
r
SR
A
M
ce
lls
i
m
p
r
o
v
in
g
b
o
th
r
ea
d
/
w
r
ite
ac
ce
s
s
d
is
tr
ib
u
ti
o
n
an
d
ce
ll
s
tab
ilit
y
at
lo
w
-
v
o
ltag
e
b
ased
o
n
h
ig
h
-
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
i
n
v
er
te
r
s
.
T
h
e
o
r
g
an
izatio
n
o
f
t
h
e
p
ap
er
is
as
f
o
llo
w
s
:
Fo
u
r
SR
AM
ce
ll
co
n
f
ig
u
r
atio
n
s
b
ased
o
n
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
in
v
er
ter
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
s
,
ai
m
ed
f
o
r
les
s
e
n
er
g
y
co
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
u
s
i
n
g
v
o
lta
g
e
d
iv
id
er
b
ias
c
u
r
r
en
t
s
i
n
k
/s
o
u
r
ce
i
n
v
er
ter
an
d
NOR/
N
AND
g
a
te
u
s
i
n
g
a
P
s
e
u
d
o
-
n
MO
S
i
n
v
er
ter
ex
p
lain
ed
i
n
s
ec
tio
n
2
r
eq
u
ir
e
1
-
w
o
r
d
li
n
e
an
d
2
-
b
it
-
li
n
es
d
u
r
in
g
r
ea
d
/
w
r
ite
o
p
er
atio
n
s
as
6
T
-
SR
A
M
ce
ll
.
Si
m
u
latio
n
r
es
u
lt
s
a
n
d
t
h
eir
c
o
m
p
ar
is
o
n
ar
e
p
r
ese
n
ted
i
n
s
ec
tio
n
3
,
w
h
ich
d
eter
m
i
n
es
t
h
e
r
ea
d
/
w
r
ite
ac
ce
s
s
ti
m
e,
en
er
g
y
a
n
d
s
tab
ilit
y
o
f
t
h
e
ce
ll a
t lo
w
-
v
o
lta
g
e.
Sectio
n
4
en
d
ed
u
p
w
i
t
h
a
co
n
clu
s
io
n
.
2.
P
RO
P
O
SE
D
I
NV
E
R
T
E
R
S
T
RUC
T
UR
E
S F
O
R
6
T
-
SRA
M
CE
L
L
2
.
1
.
SRA
M
ce
ll us
ing
NO
R
g
a
t
e
w
it
h r
esp
ec
t
t
o
a
ps
eud
o
-
n
M
O
S inv
er
t
er
(
NO
R
-
8
T
)
T
h
e
I
n
co
n
v
en
tio
n
a
l,
SR
A
M
ce
ll
is
d
esig
n
ed
b
y
t
w
o
p
ass
tr
an
s
is
to
r
s
an
d
a
f
lip
-
f
lo
p
f
o
r
m
ed
b
y
t
w
o
cr
o
s
s
-
co
u
p
led
i
n
v
er
ter
s
[
8
]
.
A
f
lip
-
f
lo
p
is
d
esi
g
n
ed
f
o
r
as
s
h
o
w
n
in
F
ig
u
r
e
1
u
s
i
n
g
NOR
g
ate
w
it
h
r
esp
ec
t
to
p
s
eu
d
o
-
n
M
OS
i
n
v
er
ter
r
eq
u
i
r
e
8
tr
an
s
is
to
r
s
to
b
u
ild
a
1
-
b
it
SR
A
M
ce
ll.
T
r
an
s
is
to
r
s
M1
,
M5
,
M6
an
d
M2
,
M7
,
M8
f
o
r
m
t
w
o
cr
o
s
s
-
co
u
p
led
p
s
eu
d
o
-
n
MO
S
i
n
v
er
ter
s
u
s
in
g
NO
R
g
ate
as
a
f
lip
-
f
lo
p
.
T
h
e
P
DN
is
i
m
p
le
m
en
ted
w
it
h
NO
R
g
ate
u
s
i
n
g
n
MO
S
lo
g
ic.
T
h
e
P
UN
is
a
p
MO
S
tr
a
n
s
i
s
to
r
.
T
h
e
g
at
e
ter
m
i
n
al
is
al
w
a
y
s
co
n
n
ec
ted
to
t
h
e
g
r
o
u
n
d
s
o
th
at
t
h
e
p
MO
S
tr
an
s
is
to
r
is
al
w
a
y
s
in
ON
[
9
]
s
ta
te.
M1
,
M2
ar
e
th
e
lo
ad
tr
an
s
i
s
to
r
s
a
n
d
M5
,
M6
,
M7
,
M8
ar
e
th
e
s
to
r
ag
e
tr
an
s
i
s
to
r
s
,
r
esp
ec
tiv
el
y
.
M3
,
M4
ar
e
t
wo
ac
ce
s
s
tr
an
s
is
to
r
s
co
n
tr
o
lled
b
y
th
e
w
o
r
d
-
li
n
e
s
i
g
n
al.
T
h
e
y
ar
e
co
n
n
ec
ted
to
t
h
e
co
m
p
le
m
e
n
tar
y
b
it
-
lin
e
s
B
L
an
d
̅
̅
̅
̅
,
an
d
a
f
lip
-
f
lo
p
w
h
ic
h
ac
ts
as a
tr
a
n
s
m
is
s
i
o
n
g
ate.
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
Sch
e
m
atic
d
iag
r
a
m
o
f
P
r
o
p
o
s
ed
SR
AM
ce
ll u
s
in
g
a
NOR g
ate
w
i
th
r
esp
ec
t to
a
p
s
eu
d
o
-
n
M
OS i
n
v
er
ter
T
h
e
an
ticip
ated
o
p
er
atio
n
o
f
th
e
m
e
m
o
r
y
ce
ll
is
a
s
f
o
llo
w
s
:
A
p
ar
tic
u
lar
m
e
m
o
r
y
ce
ll
is
s
elec
ted
b
y
en
ab
lin
g
t
h
e
W
L
=
1
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
tr
an
s
i
s
to
r
s
M3
a
n
d
M4
to
p
er
f
o
r
m
r
ea
d
/
w
r
ite
o
p
er
atio
n
s
.
T
h
e
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
b
i
t
is
to
b
e
co
m
p
o
s
ed
an
d
g
et
ex
ch
a
n
g
ed
to
th
e
B
L
,
w
h
ile
its
co
m
p
le
m
en
t
r
ep
r
esen
t
s
̅
̅
̅
̅
.
Fo
r
ex
am
p
le,
if
d
atalo
g
ic
1
is
w
r
it
ten
to
th
e
B
L
=
1
,
its
co
m
p
le
m
e
n
t
g
o
es
t
o
th
e
̅
̅
̅
̅
=
0
.
T
h
e
d
ata
w
ill
b
e
tr
an
s
f
er
r
ed
an
d
w
e
g
et
lo
g
ic
1
at
n
o
d
e
A
a
n
d
lo
g
ic
0
at
n
o
d
e
B
,
r
esp
ec
tiv
el
y
.
T
h
e
d
ata
w
o
u
ld
b
e
s
a
m
e
a
n
d
ch
an
g
es
o
n
l
y
w
it
h
an
o
th
er
w
r
ite
o
p
er
atio
n
.
T
h
e
r
ea
d
o
p
e
r
atio
n
tak
es
p
lace
,
w
h
en
e
v
er
th
e
m
e
m
o
r
y
ce
ll
is
d
ir
ec
ted
b
y
en
ab
li
n
g
th
e
WL
=
1
.
A
s
s
u
m
e
lo
g
ic
1
i
s
s
to
r
ed
at
n
o
d
e
A
,
a
n
d
i
ts
co
m
p
le
m
e
n
t
lo
g
ic
0
is
s
to
r
ed
at
n
o
d
e
B
.
T
h
e
cu
r
r
en
t
f
lo
w
s
f
r
o
m
VDD,
w
h
ic
h
i
n
t
u
r
n
s
c
h
ar
g
e
s
B
L
,
v
ia
M2
an
d
M
4
.
A
t
t
h
e
s
a
m
e
ti
m
e,
̅
̅
̅
̅
d
is
ch
ar
g
es
to
t
h
e
g
r
o
u
n
d
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8708
I
n
t J
E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
,
Vo
l.
9
,
No
.
3
,
J
u
n
e
2
0
1
9
:
1
6
0
6
-
1
6
1
9
1608
ter
m
i
n
al,
v
ia
M3
an
d
M5
.
T
h
e
s
to
r
ed
co
n
ten
t
is
r
ea
d
f
r
o
m
th
e
m
e
m
o
r
y
ce
ll
at
th
e
o
u
tp
u
t.
A
s
m
all
v
o
ltag
e
d
if
f
er
e
n
ce
ap
p
ea
r
s
at
t
h
e
d
i
f
f
er
en
tial
p
air
o
f
b
it
-
lin
e
s
,
w
h
er
e
B
L
>
̅
̅
̅
̅
.
T
h
e
h
o
ld
o
p
er
ati
o
n
tak
e
s
p
lace
,
w
h
e
n
ev
er
t
h
e
W
L
=
0
is
d
is
ab
led
[
8
]
.
I
n
s
tead
o
f
u
s
i
n
g
n
MO
S
in
v
er
t
er
lo
g
ic
to
b
u
ild
a
NA
ND/N
O
R
g
ate,
p
r
ef
er
r
ed
C
MO
S
lo
g
ic
.
B
ec
au
s
e
th
e
d
r
a
w
b
ac
k
s
o
f
n
MO
S
in
v
er
ter
ar
e;
i)
w
h
e
n
V
in
=
lo
g
ic
1
,
th
e
cir
cu
it
d
is
s
ip
ates
m
o
r
e
a
m
o
u
n
t
o
f
p
o
w
er
d
u
e
to
s
h
o
r
t
-
cir
c
u
i
t
f
r
o
m
VDD
to
GND.
ii)
w
h
en
V
in
=
lo
g
ic
0
,
Vo
u
t
ca
n
n
o
t
r
ea
c
h
th
e
V
D
D
(
lo
g
ic
1
)
d
u
e
to
th
r
es
h
o
ld
v
o
ltag
e
d
r
o
p
ac
r
o
s
s
th
e
lo
ad
tr
an
s
is
to
r
.
iii)
T
h
e
l
o
ad
tr
an
s
is
to
r
is
in
itia
ll
y
n
o
n
-
s
at
u
r
ated
an
d
lo
w
r
esis
ta
n
ce
is
p
r
esen
t
th
r
o
u
g
h
th
e
ca
p
ac
itiv
e
lo
ad
s
(
ch
ar
g
e)
d
u
r
in
g
s
w
itc
h
i
n
g
o
f
o
u
tp
u
t
f
r
o
m
1
to
0
,
r
eq
u
ir
e
m
o
r
e
p
r
o
p
a
g
atio
n
d
ela
y
.
T
h
e
ad
v
an
ta
g
es
o
f
p
ar
allel
co
n
n
ec
t
ed
d
ev
ices
ar
e;
i)
Min
i
m
izatio
n
o
f
ce
ll
ar
ea
tak
es
p
lace
u
s
in
g
E
u
ler
-
p
ath
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
d
u
e
to
th
e
p
ar
allel
co
n
n
e
ctio
n
o
f
s
to
r
ag
e
d
ev
ice
s
in
wh
ich
t
h
e
tr
an
s
is
to
r
’
s
s
o
u
r
ce
an
d
d
r
ain
ter
m
i
n
als
ar
e
tied
to
g
eth
er
.
ii)
E
ac
h
an
d
e
v
er
y
tr
a
n
s
i
s
to
r
is
co
n
n
ec
ted
p
ar
allel
to
th
e
cir
c
u
it
g
ets
th
e
s
a
m
e
a
m
o
u
n
t
o
f
v
o
lt
ag
e.
He
n
ce
,
d
is
co
n
n
ec
ti
n
g
o
r
co
n
n
ec
ti
n
g
t
h
e
n
e
w
d
ev
ices
with
o
u
t
a
f
f
ec
t
in
g
t
h
e
o
p
er
atio
n
o
f
o
th
er
d
ev
ices.
iii
)
T
h
e
cu
r
r
en
t
is
en
ab
led
to
p
ass
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
t
h
e
cir
cu
it
if
a
n
y
f
au
l
t
o
cc
u
r
s
i
n
th
e
cir
cu
it
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
a
n
y
o
f
t
h
e
p
at
h
s
.
I
f
t
h
er
e
is
an
y
f
a
u
lt
o
cc
u
r
r
e
d
in
th
e
g
iv
e
n
cir
c
u
it,
th
e
cu
r
r
en
t
i
s
a
u
to
m
atica
ll
y
p
ass
ed
th
r
o
u
g
h
th
e
c
ir
cu
it
in
d
if
f
er
e
n
t
p
at
h
s
.
i
v
)
T
h
e
w
id
th
o
f
a
s
i
n
g
le
tr
an
s
is
to
r
is
in
cr
ea
s
ed
,
in
v
er
s
e
l
y
p
r
o
p
o
r
t
io
n
al
to
th
e
d
elay
.
B
y
th
is
p
ar
allel
co
n
n
ec
tio
n
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
d
elay
o
f
NO
R
-
8
T
SR
A
M
ce
ll
i
s
r
ed
u
ce
d
s
ig
n
i
f
ica
n
tl
y
e
x
p
r
ess
ed
as
eq
n
.
4
.
v
)
I
n
d
etail,
tr
an
s
is
to
r
s
(
M5
,
M6
,
M7
an
d
M8
)
h
av
e
id
en
t
i
ca
l c
h
a
n
n
el
le
n
g
th
co
n
n
ec
ted
i
n
p
ar
allel,
w
h
ic
h
i
s
eq
u
i
v
ale
n
t
to
a
s
i
n
g
le
tr
an
s
i
s
to
r
o
f
c
h
an
n
el
w
id
t
h
,
eq
u
al
t
o
th
e
s
u
m
o
f
w
id
t
h
s
o
f
th
e
tr
an
s
is
to
r
s
(
M5
,
M6
,
M
7
,
an
d
M8
)
[
9
]
.
I
f
th
e
s
ize
o
f
th
e
tr
a
n
s
i
s
to
r
s
is
s
m
al
l,
m
e
m
o
r
y
s
ize
w
o
u
ld
b
e
r
ed
u
ce
d
b
y
a
f
ac
to
r
o
f
2
,
w
h
ic
h
h
elp
s
to
d
esig
n
th
e
h
i
g
h
p
ac
k
i
n
g
d
en
s
i
t
y
o
f
SR
A
M
ar
r
a
y
.
T
h
e
a
s
p
ec
t
r
atio
o
f
MO
SF
E
T
d
ev
ice
p
la
y
s
a
s
i
g
n
if
ica
n
t
r
o
le
in
t
h
e
d
esi
g
n
m
etr
ics
o
f
th
e
S
R
A
M
ce
ll.
T
h
e
p
o
w
er
d
is
s
ip
at
io
n
,
ac
ce
s
s
ti
m
e,
s
tab
ilit
y
o
f
t
h
e
ce
ll
an
d
ar
ea
ar
e
in
ter
li
n
k
ed
w
it
h
th
e
w
id
t
h
o
f
t
h
e
tr
an
s
is
to
r
s
alo
n
g
w
it
h
th
e
u
n
d
er
l
y
i
n
g
s
ca
li
n
g
co
n
ce
r
n
s
.
I
n
th
e
p
s
eu
d
o
-
n
MO
S
in
v
er
ter
,
th
e
b
eta
r
atio
af
f
ec
ts
th
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
o
f
th
e
ce
ll.
W
e
h
av
e
to
u
s
e
a
w
ea
k
s
ta
tic
lo
ad
as
P
UN
an
d
a
s
tr
o
n
g
P
DN
as
a
co
m
p
r
o
m
is
e
b
et
w
ee
n
n
o
is
e
m
ar
g
i
n
a
n
d
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
.
Hen
ce
,
‘
r
at
io
ed
cir
cu
its
’
in
f
l
u
e
n
ce
s
tr
an
s
f
er
c
h
ar
ac
ter
is
tic
s
[
1
0
]
an
d
t
h
e
s
tr
en
g
th
o
f
t
h
e
P
DN
to
th
e
P
UN
r
atio
s
.
T
o
attain
b
et
ter
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
o
f
th
e
ce
ll,
th
e
a
s
p
ec
t r
atio
o
f
th
e
tr
an
s
i
s
to
r
s
[
1
1
]
is
co
n
tr
o
lled
b
y
2
1
W
W
n
p
(
1
)
W
h
er
e
W
p
an
d
W
n
a
r
e
th
e
w
id
t
h
s
o
f
t
h
e
p
MO
S
an
d
n
MO
S
tr
an
s
i
s
to
r
s
.
I
m
p
le
m
e
n
ta
tio
n
o
f
an
y
B
o
o
lean
f
u
n
ct
io
n
w
i
th
r
esp
ec
t
to
P
s
eu
d
o
-
n
MO
S
i
n
v
er
ter
r
eq
u
ir
es
a
n
N+
1
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
tr
a
n
s
i
s
to
r
s
;
w
h
er
ea
s
a
2
N
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
tr
an
s
is
to
r
s
ar
e
r
eq
u
ir
ed
f
o
r
co
n
v
en
tio
n
al
C
MO
S
lo
g
ic
(
N
d
en
o
tes
th
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
in
p
u
ts
)
.
I
m
p
le
m
e
n
tatio
n
o
f
d
ig
ita
l
cir
cu
its
u
s
i
n
g
C
MO
S
lo
g
ic
s
t
y
le
w
o
u
ld
af
f
ec
t
t
h
e
o
u
tp
u
t
C
L
o
f
t
h
e
cir
cu
it.
Fo
r
s
ettled
VDD
an
d
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
,
r
ed
u
ctio
n
o
f
d
y
n
a
m
ic
p
o
w
er
r
eq
u
ir
es
m
in
i
m
izatio
n
o
f
C
L
,
w
h
ic
h
i
s
ev
alu
a
ted
b
y
r
ed
u
c
in
g
[
1
1
]
th
e
ar
ea
o
f
th
e
ce
ll a
s
L
n
W
n
L
p
W
p
A
(
2
)
W
h
er
e
L
p
a
n
d
L
n
ar
e
th
e
le
n
g
th
s
o
f
t
h
e
p
MO
S
a
n
d
n
MO
S
tr
an
s
i
s
to
r
s
.
T
h
e
ca
p
ac
itan
ce
d
ep
en
d
s
o
n
th
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
tr
an
s
i
s
to
r
s
r
eq
u
ir
ed
f
o
r
im
p
le
m
e
n
tatio
n
o
f
a
B
o
o
lean
ex
p
r
ess
io
n
an
d
th
e
co
n
tin
u
o
u
s
s
w
itc
h
i
n
g
o
f
th
e
tr
an
s
is
to
r
s
.
Fo
r
ea
ch
o
f
t
h
e
tr
an
s
itio
n
,
t
h
e
d
y
n
a
m
ic
p
o
w
er
d
is
s
ip
atio
n
[
1
2
]
is
g
iv
e
n
b
y
f
α
V
2
DD
C
L
p
D
y
n
a
m
i
c
(
3
)
W
h
er
e
α
i
s
t
h
e
s
w
i
tch
i
n
g
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
,
VD
D
is
th
e
s
u
p
p
l
y
v
o
l
tag
e,
C
L
is
t
h
e
lo
ad
ca
p
ac
itan
ce
an
d
f
i
s
th
e
o
p
er
atin
g
f
r
eq
u
e
n
c
y
.
T
h
e
t
r
an
s
i
s
to
r
s
M1
a
n
d
M2
o
f
t
h
e
P
UN
ar
e
as
s
h
o
w
n
in
Fi
g
u
r
e
1
a
l
w
a
y
s
i
n
ON
s
tate.
T
h
e
s
w
itch
in
g
tr
a
n
s
it
io
n
o
f
t
h
e
P
UN
is
f
o
u
n
d
to
b
e
r
ed
u
ce
d
.
T
h
u
s
,
t
h
e
C
L
o
f
th
e
c
ir
cu
it
i
s
m
in
i
m
ized
,
w
h
ic
h
in
tu
r
n
r
es
u
lts
f
o
r
r
ed
u
ctio
n
o
f
d
y
n
a
m
ic
p
o
w
er
.
2
.
2
.
SRA
M
ce
ll us
ing
NAND
g
a
t
e
w
it
h r
esp
ec
t
t
o
a
ps
eudo
-
nM
O
S inv
er
t
er
(
NAND
-
8
T
)
T
h
e
i
m
p
le
m
en
ta
tio
n
(
s
ec
tio
n
2
.
1
)
o
f
SR
A
M
ce
ll
’
s
f
lip
-
f
lo
p
u
s
i
n
g
NO
R
g
ate
is
r
ep
lac
ed
w
ith
N
A
ND
g
ate.
T
h
e
d
esig
n
as
s
h
o
w
n
in
Fig
u
r
e
2
o
f
a
1
-
b
it
SR
A
M
ce
ll
b
y
N
A
ND
g
a
te
u
s
i
n
g
th
e
P
s
eu
d
o
-
n
MO
S
in
v
er
ter
in
v
o
l
v
es
8
tr
an
s
is
to
r
s
.
I
n
t
h
i
s
cir
cu
it,
M1
,
M5
,
M6
an
d
M
2
,
M7
,
M
8
co
n
s
titu
te
t
w
o
cr
o
s
s
-
co
u
p
led
p
s
eu
d
o
-
n
MO
S
in
v
er
ter
s
u
s
i
n
g
N
A
ND
g
ate,
ac
t
as
a
f
l
ip
-
f
lo
p
.
T
h
e
PDN
is
t
h
e
N
AND
g
a
te
i
m
p
le
m
en
tatio
n
u
s
in
g
t
h
e
n
MO
S
lo
g
ic.
T
h
e
P
UN
is
a
p
MO
S
tr
an
s
i
s
to
r
,
in
w
h
ic
h
th
e
g
ate
ter
m
i
n
al
is
co
n
n
ec
ted
to
th
e
g
r
o
u
n
d
,
s
u
ch
t
h
at
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I
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ON
[
9
]
s
tate.
M1
,
M2
ar
e
th
e
lo
ad
tr
an
s
is
to
r
s
a
n
d
M5
,
M6
,
M7
,
an
d
M
8
r
ep
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th
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to
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ag
e
tr
an
s
is
to
r
s
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r
esp
ec
tiv
el
y
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M3
,
M4
ar
e
th
e
t
w
o
ac
ce
s
s
tr
a
n
s
i
s
to
r
s
co
n
tr
o
lled
b
y
t
h
e
W
L
s
ig
n
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co
n
n
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ted
to
th
e
co
m
p
l
e
m
en
tar
y
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it
-
li
n
es B
L
a
n
d
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̅
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an
d
a
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f
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ac
t a
s
a
tr
an
s
m
is
s
i
o
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ate.
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
Sch
e
m
atic
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iag
r
a
m
o
f
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
SR
A
M
ce
ll u
s
i
n
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a
NA
N
D
g
ate
w
i
th
r
es
p
ec
t
to
a
p
s
eu
d
o
-
n
MO
S i
n
v
er
ter
T
h
e
r
ea
d
/
w
r
ite
o
p
er
atio
n
o
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t
h
e
ce
ll
ta
k
es
p
lace
w
h
en
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er
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L
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led
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T
h
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o
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th
e
m
e
m
o
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a
s
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o
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w
s
:
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h
e
d
ata
w
o
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ld
b
e
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p
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ata
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e,
w
h
ile
it
c
h
an
g
es
w
it
h
an
o
th
er
w
r
ite
o
p
er
atio
n
o
n
l
y
.
T
h
e
r
ea
d
o
p
er
atio
n
tak
es
p
lace
w
h
en
e
v
er
t
h
e
m
e
m
o
r
y
ce
ll
i
s
en
ab
led
b
y
W
L
=
1
.
T
h
u
s
,
lo
g
ic
0
is
s
to
r
ed
at
n
o
d
e
A
,
a
n
d
its
co
m
p
le
m
en
t
lo
g
ic
1
is
s
to
r
ed
at
n
o
d
e
B
.
T
h
ec
u
r
r
en
t
f
lo
w
s
f
r
o
m
VDD
c
h
ar
g
e
s
̅
̅
̅
̅
v
ia
M1
an
d
M3
.
A
t
t
h
e
s
a
m
e
ti
m
e,
B
L
d
is
ch
ar
g
es
to
t
h
e
g
r
o
u
n
d
ter
m
i
n
al
v
ia
M4
,
M7
an
d
M8
.
T
h
e
s
to
r
ed
co
n
ten
t
is
r
ea
d
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
m
e
m
o
r
y
ce
ll
at
t
h
e
o
u
tp
u
t.
A
s
m
al
l
v
o
ltag
ed
i
f
f
er
en
ce
ap
p
ea
r
s
at
t
h
e
d
if
f
er
en
tial
p
air
o
f
b
it
-
li
n
es
,
w
h
er
e
B
L
<
̅
̅
̅
̅
.
T
h
e
h
o
l
d
o
p
er
a
tio
n
tak
e
s
p
lace
,
w
h
e
n
ev
er
t
h
e
W
L
=
0
is
d
is
ab
led
.
T
h
e
ad
v
an
tag
es
o
f
s
er
ie
s
co
n
n
ec
ted
d
ev
ices
ar
e;
i)
Min
i
m
iza
tio
n
o
f
ce
ll
ar
ea
tak
e
p
lace
u
s
i
n
g
E
u
ler
-
p
ath
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
b
y
th
e
s
er
ie
s
c
o
n
n
ec
tio
n
o
f
s
to
r
ag
e
d
ev
ices,
w
h
er
e
tr
a
n
s
i
s
to
r
’
s
s
o
u
r
ce
an
d
d
r
ain
te
r
m
in
al
s
ar
e
tied
to
g
et
h
er
.
ii)
T
h
e
w
id
th
o
f
th
e
s
i
n
g
le
tr
an
s
is
to
r
i
s
d
ec
r
ea
s
ed
,
w
h
ic
h
i
s
d
ir
ec
tl
y
p
r
o
p
o
r
ti
o
n
al
to
t
h
e
p
o
w
e
r
d
is
s
ip
atio
n
o
f
t
h
e
N
A
ND
-
8
T
SR
A
M
ce
l
l
as
i
n
eq
n
.
8
.
iii)
T
h
e
tr
an
s
is
to
r
s
M5
,
M6
,
M7
an
d
M8
co
n
n
ec
ted
i
n
s
er
ies
h
a
v
in
g
id
en
t
ical
ch
a
n
n
el
len
g
t
h
(
L
=
0
.
0
2
2
µm
)
is
eq
u
iv
ale
n
t
to
a
s
in
g
le
tr
an
s
i
s
to
r
o
f
ch
an
n
el
w
id
t
h
eq
u
al
to
t
h
e
r
ec
ip
r
o
ca
l
o
f
t
h
e
s
u
m
o
f
t
h
e
r
ec
ip
r
o
ca
l
o
f
t
h
e
w
id
t
h
s
o
f
t
h
e
tr
an
s
is
to
r
s
.
i
v
)
T
h
e
s
a
m
e
a
m
o
u
n
t
o
f
cu
r
r
en
t
f
lo
w
s
i
n
a
s
er
ies co
n
n
e
cted
tr
an
s
is
to
r
s
,
w
h
ic
h
co
u
ld
n
o
t e
as
il
y
o
v
er
h
ea
t th
e
cir
c
u
it.
I
n
th
e
ex
is
ti
n
g
S
R
A
M
ce
l
ls
i.e
.
,
8
T
,
9
T
,
1
0
T
an
d
1
3
T
,
th
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
d
ata
a
n
d
w
o
r
d
lin
e
s
r
eq
u
ir
ed
to
d
esig
n
t
h
e
ce
ll a
r
e
g
r
ea
ter
th
a
n
o
r
eq
u
al
to
4
.
T
h
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
l
in
es (
B
L
s
+
W
L
s
)
r
eq
u
ir
ed
as
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
Fi
g
u
r
e
2
to
d
esig
n
th
e
ce
ll
i
s
3
.
T
h
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
o
f
t
h
e
ce
ll
w
o
u
ld
b
e
in
cr
ea
s
ed
w
it
h
m
i
n
i
m
ized
d
ata
an
d
w
o
r
d
li
n
e
s
s
in
ce
i
n
ter
n
al
w
ir
i
n
g
ca
p
ac
ita
n
ce
an
d
r
esis
ta
n
ce
ar
e
r
ed
u
ce
d
.
I
n
th
e
co
n
v
en
tio
n
al
6
T
-
C
MO
S
SR
A
M
ce
ll,
th
e
ch
ar
g
i
n
g
a
n
d
d
is
ch
ar
g
i
n
g
o
f
a
C
L
ca
u
s
e
s
co
n
t
in
u
o
u
s
s
w
itc
h
in
g
tr
a
n
s
itio
n
f
o
r
a
f
lip
-
f
lo
p
,
i.
e.
,
VDD
to
g
r
o
u
n
d
d
u
r
in
g
r
ea
d
/
w
r
ite
o
p
er
atio
n
s
.
Hen
ce
,
th
e
d
y
n
a
m
ic
p
o
w
er
d
is
s
ip
atio
n
an
d
d
ela
y
o
f
th
e
ce
ll i
s
in
cr
ea
s
ed
[
8
]
b
y
V
V
2
C
ox
V
DD
C
L
τ
d
e
l
a
y
th
DD
L
W
μ
2
(
4
)
W
h
er
e
C
L
r
ep
r
esen
t
s
th
e
lo
ad
ca
p
ac
itan
ce
,
VDD
is
th
e
s
u
p
p
l
y
v
o
ltag
e,
µ
d
en
o
tes
t
h
e
elec
tr
o
n
m
o
b
il
it
y
,
C
o
x
i
s
t
h
e
o
x
id
e
ca
p
ac
itan
ce
,
Vt
h
is
th
e
t
h
r
esh
o
ld
v
o
ltag
e
an
d
W
/
L
d
e
n
o
tes
th
e
w
id
t
h
to
len
g
t
h
r
atio
o
f
t
h
e
MO
SF
E
T
.
T
o
o
v
er
co
m
e
t
h
e
d
ela
y
p
r
o
b
le
m
,
N
AND
g
a
te
i
s
d
esi
g
n
ed
f
o
r
u
s
i
n
g
a
p
s
e
u
d
o
-
n
MO
S
in
v
er
ter
.
T
h
e
g
ate
ter
m
i
n
al
o
f
th
e
P
UN
is
co
n
n
ec
ted
to
th
e
g
r
o
u
n
d
,
th
e
p
MO
S
tr
a
n
s
i
s
to
r
s
M1
an
d
M2
ar
e
k
ep
t
al
w
a
y
s
i
n
ON
s
ta
te.
T
h
e
s
witch
i
n
g
tr
an
s
itio
n
s
tak
e
p
lace
o
n
l
y
f
r
o
m
th
e
P
DN.
T
h
e
C
L
i
s
r
ed
u
ce
d
w
it
h
m
i
n
i
m
ized
s
w
i
tch
in
g
tr
a
n
s
i
tio
n
s
;
it
lead
s
to
a
r
ed
u
ctio
n
o
f
d
y
n
a
m
ic
p
o
w
er
d
is
s
ip
ati
o
n
an
d
d
ela
y
o
f
t
h
e
ce
ll
.
W
h
en
e
v
er
th
e
s
ize
o
f
t
h
e
tr
a
n
s
is
to
r
is
s
m
all,
t
h
e
ar
ea
o
f
t
h
e
ce
ll
in
t
h
e
m
e
m
o
r
y
ar
r
a
y
w
o
u
ld
b
e
r
ed
u
ce
d
.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
th
e
C
L
is
m
i
n
i
m
iz
ed
,
w
h
ich
i
n
t
u
r
n
r
ed
u
ce
s
t
h
e
g
ate
ar
ea
.
Ho
w
e
v
er
,
it
w
o
u
ld
b
e
d
if
f
ic
u
lt
to
d
r
iv
e
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Vo
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9
,
No
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3
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J
u
n
e
2
0
1
9
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6
0
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1
9
1610
th
e
d
ata
li
n
es
u
s
in
g
s
m
a
ll
tr
an
s
i
s
to
r
s
.
T
o
o
v
er
co
m
e
t
h
e
d
r
iv
e
o
n
a
p
r
o
b
le
m
,
s
e
n
s
i
n
g
is
ca
r
r
ied
o
u
t
b
y
a
m
p
li
f
ier
s
v
iz.
,
co
n
n
ec
ted
to
th
e
b
it
-
l
in
e
s
.
2
.
3
.
SRA
M
ce
ll
us
ing
v
o
lt
a
g
e
div
ider
bia
s
curr
ent
s
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i
nv
er
t
er
(
Curre
nt
Sin
k
-
1
0
T
)
T
y
p
ical
cir
cu
it
d
iag
r
a
m
o
f
a
c
u
r
r
en
t
s
i
n
k
in
v
er
ter
is
p
r
esen
t
ed
in
Fig
u
r
e
3
a.
T
h
e
in
p
u
t
s
i
g
n
al
VI
N
is
co
n
n
ec
ted
to
th
e
M1
tr
an
s
is
to
r
,
to
s
er
v
e
as
a
P
UN.
T
h
e
tr
an
s
is
to
r
M2
ac
ts
as
a
cu
r
r
en
t
s
in
k
lo
ad
in
w
h
ich
t
h
e
g
ate
ter
m
i
n
al
o
f
n
M
OS
tr
a
n
s
i
s
to
r
is
co
n
n
ec
ted
to
t
h
e
f
i
x
ed
b
ias
s
u
p
p
l
y
v
o
ltag
e,
w
h
ic
h
s
e
r
v
es
a
s
a
P
DN.
T
h
e
n
MO
S tr
a
n
s
i
s
to
r
s
ee
m
s
to
s
i
n
k
to
w
ar
d
s
th
e
g
r
o
u
n
d
.
B
y
ap
p
l
y
in
g
Kir
ch
h
o
f
f
Vo
lta
g
e
L
a
w
to
th
e
tr
an
s
is
to
r
M2
,
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
V
GS
=
V
DD
(
i.e
.
lo
g
ic
1
)
.
T
h
e
N
-
ch
a
n
n
e
l
tr
an
s
i
s
to
r
w
o
u
ld
al
w
a
y
s
b
e
in
ON
s
tate
.
C
o
m
p
ar
e
to
ac
tiv
e
lo
ad
in
v
er
ter
s
,
h
i
g
h
e
r
v
o
ltag
e
g
ai
n
w
o
u
ld
b
e
ac
h
ie
v
ed
b
y
cu
r
r
en
t
s
i
n
k
in
v
er
ter
c
o
n
f
i
g
u
r
atio
n
.
Mo
r
e
a
m
o
u
n
t
o
f
p
o
w
er
w
o
u
ld
b
e
d
i
s
s
ip
ated
d
u
e
to
f
i
x
ed
b
ias
s
u
p
p
ly
v
o
ltag
e
co
n
n
ec
ted
to
th
e
n
MO
S.
T
h
e
v
o
lta
g
e
d
iv
id
er
b
ias
n
et
w
o
r
k
M3
,
M4
co
n
n
ec
ted
as
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
Fi
g
u
r
e
3
b
b
y
r
ep
lacin
g
th
e
f
i
x
ed
b
ias
s
u
p
p
l
y
v
o
ltag
e
.
Hen
ce
,
th
e
p
o
w
er
d
is
s
ip
atio
n
w
o
u
ld
b
e
r
ed
u
ce
d
b
y
d
iv
id
i
n
g
th
e
n
et
w
o
r
k
.
V
DD
-
V
GS
+0
=0
(
5
)
(
a)
(
b
)
Fig
u
r
e
3
.
Sch
e
m
atic
d
iag
r
a
m
s
ar
e
(
a)
cu
r
r
en
t sin
k
in
v
er
ter
(
b
)
a
m
o
d
if
ied
cu
r
r
en
t s
in
k
i
n
v
er
ter
,
u
s
i
n
g
v
o
lta
g
e
d
i
v
id
er
b
ias
Desig
n
as
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
Fi
g
u
r
e
4
o
f
a
1
-
b
it
SR
A
M
ce
ll
is
u
s
i
n
g
v
o
ltag
e
d
iv
id
er
b
ias
cu
r
r
en
t
s
i
n
k
i
n
v
er
ter
in
v
o
l
v
es
1
0
tr
an
s
is
to
r
s
.
M1
,
M2
ar
e
th
e
lo
a
d
tr
an
s
is
to
r
s
an
d
M5
,
M6
,
M7
,
M8
,
M9
,
M1
0
ar
e
th
e
s
to
r
ag
e
tr
an
s
i
s
to
r
s
r
esp
ec
ti
v
el
y
.
M3
an
d
M4
r
ep
r
e
s
en
t
ac
ce
s
s
tr
a
n
s
i
s
to
r
s
co
n
tr
o
lled
b
y
t
h
e
W
L
s
i
g
n
al.
T
h
e
y
ar
e
co
n
n
ec
ted
to
th
ec
o
m
p
le
m
e
n
ta
r
y
b
it
lin
e
s
B
L
an
d
̅
̅
̅
̅
,
an
d
a
f
lip
-
f
lo
p
,
w
h
ic
h
in
tu
r
n
ac
ts
as
a
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
g
ate.
Her
e,
tr
an
s
is
to
r
s
M1
,
M5
,
M6
,
M7
an
d
M2
,
M
8
,
M9
,
M1
0
co
n
s
titu
te
t
w
o
cr
o
s
s
-
co
u
p
led
in
v
er
ter
co
n
f
i
g
u
r
atio
n
s
to
f
o
r
m
a
f
lip
-
f
lo
p
,
u
s
in
g
a
v
o
lta
g
e
d
i
v
id
er
b
ias
cu
r
r
en
t
s
i
n
k
i
n
v
er
ter
.
T
h
e
r
ea
d
/
w
r
ite
o
p
er
atio
n
o
f
t
h
e
m
e
m
o
r
y
ce
ll
tak
e
s
p
lace
b
y
e
n
ab
lin
g
t
h
e
W
L
=
1
,
w
h
ile
W
L
=
0
b
ein
g
t
h
e
h
o
ld
o
p
er
atio
n
.
T
h
e
co
m
p
le
m
en
tar
y
b
itli
n
es
B
L
an
d
̅
̅
̅
̅
ac
t
as
in
p
u
t
f
o
r
a
w
r
it
e
o
p
er
atio
n
an
d
o
u
tp
u
t
f
o
r
th
e
r
ea
d
o
p
er
atio
n
s
.
T
h
e
o
p
e
r
atio
n
o
f
th
e
m
e
m
o
r
y
ce
ll
is
as
f
o
llo
w
s
:
T
h
e
d
ata
t
o
b
e
c
o
m
p
o
s
ed
w
o
u
ld
b
e
ex
ch
an
g
ed
to
th
e
B
L
.
I
ts
co
m
p
le
m
e
n
t
w
o
u
ld
g
o
to
th
e
̅
̅
̅
̅
.
Fo
r
ex
a
m
p
le,
if
d
ata
lo
g
ic
1
is
w
r
itten
to
th
e
B
L
=
1
,
its
co
m
p
le
m
e
n
t
g
o
es
to
th
e
̅
̅
̅
̅
=
0
.
A
p
ar
ticu
lar
m
e
m
o
r
y
ce
ll
is
s
elec
ted
b
y
e
n
ab
lin
g
th
e
W
L
=
1
th
r
o
u
g
h
tr
a
n
s
i
s
t
o
r
s
M3
an
d
M4
.
T
h
e
d
ata
w
o
u
ld
b
e
tr
an
s
f
er
r
ed
.
T
h
u
s
,
lo
g
ic
1
w
o
u
ld
b
e
r
ec
eiv
ed
at
n
o
d
e
A
a
n
d
lo
g
ic
0
at
n
o
d
e
B
,
r
esp
ec
tiv
el
y
.
T
h
e
d
ata
w
o
u
ld
b
e
s
a
m
e
an
d
ch
an
g
es
w
it
h
an
o
t
h
er
w
r
ite
o
p
er
atio
n
o
n
l
y
.
W
h
en
W
L
=
1
,
th
e
r
ea
d
o
p
er
atio
n
tak
es
p
lac
e.
T
h
e
b
it
-
lin
es
g
e
t
p
r
ec
h
ar
g
ed
to
an
eq
u
alize
d
p
o
ten
tial
b
ef
o
r
e
th
e
r
ea
d
o
p
e
r
atio
n
.
I
f
lo
g
ic
1
is
s
to
r
ed
at
n
o
d
e
A
,
an
d
it
s
co
m
p
le
m
en
t
lo
g
ic
0
is
s
to
r
ed
at
n
o
d
e
B
,
th
e
cu
r
r
en
t
f
lo
w
s
f
r
o
m
VDD
ch
ar
g
e
B
L
v
ia
M2
an
d
M4
.
A
t
th
e
s
a
m
eti
m
e
,
̅
̅
̅
̅
d
is
ch
ar
g
e
s
to
th
e
g
r
o
u
n
d
ter
m
in
a
l
v
ia
M3
an
d
M5
.
T
h
e
s
to
r
ed
c
o
n
ten
t
is
r
ea
d
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
m
e
m
o
r
y
ce
l
l
at
th
e
o
u
tp
u
t
u
s
in
g
b
it
-
li
n
e
s
.
A
s
m
all
v
o
lta
g
e
d
i
f
f
er
e
n
ce
ap
p
ea
r
s
at
t
h
e
d
i
f
f
er
en
tia
l
p
air
o
f
b
it
-
lin
e
s
,
w
h
er
e
B
L
>
̅
̅
̅
̅
.
I
n
th
e
o
p
er
atio
n
o
f
t
h
e
S
R
A
M
c
ell,
th
e
s
ize
o
f
th
e
tr
a
n
s
i
s
to
r
p
lay
s
an
i
m
p
o
r
tan
t
r
o
le.
A
s
t
h
e
s
ize
o
f
th
e
tr
an
s
is
to
r
s
is
m
a
in
ta
in
ed
i
n
a
s
i
m
ilar
m
an
n
er
,
th
e
f
ab
r
i
ca
tio
n
co
s
t
w
o
u
ld
b
e
r
ed
u
ce
d
.
A
lo
n
g
w
ith
w
a
f
er
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s
t
g
ate
ar
ea
Ag
,
t
h
e
g
ate
c
ap
ac
itan
ce
p
er
u
n
it
ar
ea
C
o
a
n
d
g
a
te
ca
p
ac
itan
ce
C
g
w
o
u
l
d
b
e
r
ed
u
ce
d
w
i
t
h
m
i
n
i
m
u
m
s
ized
tr
an
s
is
to
r
s
.
W
h
en
e
v
er
th
e
r
ea
d
/
w
r
ite
o
p
er
atio
n
s
tak
e
p
lace
,
th
e
s
w
i
tch
i
n
g
tr
an
s
itio
n
s
,
(
0
→1
,
1
→0
)
o
f
th
e
lo
ad
tr
an
s
i
s
to
r
s
w
o
u
ld
o
cc
u
r
.
T
h
e
s
to
r
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g
e
tr
an
s
i
s
to
r
s
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o
u
ld
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e
al
w
a
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s
in
ON
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tate
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s
t
h
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y
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e
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n
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e
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DD.
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h
e
s
w
itc
h
in
g
tr
a
n
s
it
io
n
s
ar
e
n
o
t
r
eq
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ir
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th
e
P
DN.
T
h
e
en
er
g
y
co
n
s
u
m
p
t
io
n
o
f
th
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p
r
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p
o
s
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M
ce
ll
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s
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g
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an
s
itio
n
s
f
r
o
m
VD
D
to
g
r
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u
n
d
.
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atic
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atic
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k
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w
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g
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r
e
6
a
1
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b
it
S
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v
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r
r
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n
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u
r
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in
v
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ter
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f
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r
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,
1
0
tr
an
s
is
to
r
s
ar
e
r
eq
u
ir
ed
.
M1
,
M2
,
M7
,
M8
,
M9
,
M1
0
r
ep
r
esen
ts
lo
ad
tr
an
s
i
s
to
r
s
a
n
d
M5
,
M6
r
e
p
r
esen
ts
s
to
r
ag
e
tr
a
n
s
i
s
to
r
s
,
r
esp
ec
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el
y
.
M3
an
d
M4
ar
e
tw
o
ac
ce
s
s
tr
an
s
is
to
r
s
co
n
tr
o
lled
b
y
t
h
e
WL
s
i
g
n
al.
T
h
e
y
ar
e
co
n
n
ec
ted
to
th
e
co
m
p
le
m
e
n
t
ar
y
b
i
t
lin
es
(
B
L
an
d
̅
̅
̅
̅
)
an
d
a
f
lip
-
f
lo
p
ac
ts
as
a
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
g
ate.
Her
e,
tr
an
s
i
s
to
r
s
M1
,
M5
,
M7
,
M
8
an
d
M
2
,
M6
,
M9
,
M1
0
ar
e
tw
o
cr
o
s
s
-
co
u
p
led
in
v
er
ter
s
to
g
en
er
ate
a
f
lip
-
f
lo
p
u
s
in
g
a
v
o
ltag
e
d
i
v
id
er
b
ias
cu
r
r
en
t
s
o
u
r
ce
in
v
er
ter
co
n
f
ig
u
r
ati
o
n
.
T
h
e
r
ea
d
/w
r
it
e
o
p
er
atio
n
o
f
t
h
e
m
e
m
o
r
y
ce
ll
o
cc
u
r
s
b
y
e
n
ab
lin
g
t
h
e
W
L
=
1
.
W
L
=
0
,
h
o
ld
o
p
er
atio
n
tak
e
s
p
lace
.
T
h
e
co
m
p
le
m
en
tar
y
b
it
-
li
n
es
B
L
an
d
̅
̅
̅
̅
ac
t
as
i
n
p
u
t
f
o
r
a
w
r
it
e
o
p
er
atio
n
an
d
o
u
tp
u
t
f
o
r
t
h
e
r
ea
d
o
p
er
atio
n
,
r
esp
ec
tiv
el
y
.
T
h
e
o
p
er
atio
n
o
f
a
m
e
m
o
r
y
ce
ll
is
as
f
o
llo
w
s
:
T
h
e
d
ata
to
b
e
co
m
p
o
s
ed
w
o
u
ld
g
et
e
x
ch
a
n
g
ed
to
t
h
e
B
L
an
d
its
co
m
p
le
m
en
t
to
th
e
̅
̅
̅
̅
.
Fo
r
ex
am
p
le,
if
d
ata
lo
g
ic
0
is
w
r
itte
n
to
th
e
B
L
=
0
,
its
co
m
p
le
m
e
n
t
g
o
es
to
th
e
̅
̅
̅
̅
=
1
.
A
p
ar
ticu
lar
m
e
m
o
r
y
ce
ll
is
s
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it
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ati
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I
f
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y
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
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I
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Vo
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No
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3
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u
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2
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m
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ter
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ia
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T
h
e
s
to
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t
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ld
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ea
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t
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ll
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g
b
it
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li
n
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A
s
m
all
v
o
ltag
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d
i
f
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en
ce
ap
p
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at
t
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if
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tial
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ai
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it
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li
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w
h
er
e
B
L
<
̅
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Fig
u
r
e
6
.
Sch
e
m
atic
d
iag
r
a
m
o
f
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
SR
A
M
ce
ll u
s
i
n
g
v
o
ltag
e
d
i
v
i
d
er
b
ias cu
r
r
en
t so
u
r
ce
in
v
er
ter
Nee
d
o
f
cu
r
r
en
t
s
o
u
r
ce
/s
i
n
k
in
v
er
ter
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
s
ar
e;
i)
th
e
c
u
r
r
en
t
s
i
n
k
a
n
d
cu
r
r
en
t
s
o
u
r
c
e
in
v
er
ter
s
ar
e
u
s
ed
to
co
n
tr
o
l
th
e
f
lo
w
o
f
d
ir
ec
t
cu
r
r
en
t
in
t
h
e
lo
ad
.
I
t
allo
w
s
h
ig
h
n
o
is
e
m
ar
g
i
n
w
it
h
f
ast
s
w
itc
h
in
g
.
ii)
I
n
6
T
-
SR
A
M
ce
ll,
cu
r
r
en
t
s
o
u
r
ce
p
u
ll
-
u
p
lo
ad
is
r
ep
lace
d
in
s
tead
o
f
p
MO
S
d
ev
ice
ac
t
s
as
a
lo
ad
as
s
h
o
wn
in
Fi
g
u
r
e
5
(
a)
.
iii)
C
o
m
p
ar
ed
to
ac
tiv
e
lo
ad
in
v
er
ter
s
,
h
i
g
h
v
o
ltag
e
g
ai
n
is
ac
h
ie
v
ed
b
y
cu
r
r
en
t
s
o
u
r
ce
/
s
in
k
in
v
er
ter
s
.
iv
)
Si
m
ilar
to
ac
tiv
e
-
r
esi
s
to
r
lo
ad
in
v
er
ter
,
a
lar
g
e
s
i
g
n
al
v
o
ltag
e
tr
an
s
f
er
ch
ar
ac
ter
is
tics
(
VT
C
)
cu
r
v
e
i
s
o
b
tain
ed
.
As
th
e
s
i
ze
o
f
t
h
e
tr
an
s
is
to
r
s
is
s
m
a
ll
,
th
e
g
ate
ar
ea
an
d
g
ate
ca
p
ac
itan
ce
w
o
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ld
b
e
m
i
n
i
m
ized
s
i
n
ce
th
e
y
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e
d
ir
ec
tl
y
p
r
o
p
o
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tio
n
al
to
tr
a
n
s
i
s
t
o
r
’
s
asp
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t
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atio
.
MO
S
FET
s
,
w
it
h
s
i
m
ilar
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izes,
w
o
u
ld
r
ed
u
ce
th
e
s
ilico
n
w
af
er
co
s
t
d
u
r
in
g
t
h
e
f
ab
r
icatio
n
.
A
s
t
h
e
cu
r
r
en
t
s
o
u
r
ce
lo
ad
is
al
w
a
y
s
i
n
th
e
O
N
s
tate,
t
h
e
s
w
itc
h
i
n
g
ac
ti
v
it
y
o
f
th
e
P
UN
is
r
ed
u
ce
d
.
T
h
e
m
aj
o
r
ad
v
an
ta
g
e
i
s
t
h
at
d
u
r
in
g
s
witch
i
n
g
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
C
L
,
tr
an
s
itio
n
s
w
o
u
ld
b
e
r
ed
u
ce
d
d
u
e
to
th
e
r
ed
u
ce
d
s
w
itc
h
i
n
g
tr
an
s
it
io
n
s
o
f
th
e
P
UN.
Hen
ce
,
t
h
e
m
in
i
m
izat
io
n
o
f
en
er
g
y
co
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
i
s
ac
h
ie
v
ed
.
3.
SI
M
UL
AT
I
O
N
R
E
S
UL
T
S
ANDC
O
M
P
ARIS
O
NS
Th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
SR
A
M
ce
l
ls
b
a
s
ed
o
n
in
v
er
ter
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
s
an
d
th
e
s
ta
n
d
ar
d
6
T
,
C
o
n
v
.
8
T
a
n
d
ST
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1
1
T
ar
e
s
i
m
u
lated
u
s
in
g
t
h
e
m
e
n
to
r
g
r
ap
h
ics
w
i
th
2
2
-
n
m
t
ec
h
n
o
lo
g
y
.
T
h
e
s
i
m
u
la
tio
n
s
in
v
o
l
v
e
t
h
e
ti
m
i
ng
w
a
v
e
f
o
r
m
u
s
in
g
t
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
e
d
as
s
h
o
w
n
in
F
ig
u
r
e
7
in
v
e
r
ter
s
tr
u
ctu
r
es
o
f
1
-
b
it
S
R
AM
ce
ll.
T
h
e
X
-
ax
i
s
r
ep
r
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ts
ti
m
e
(
n
a
n
o
s
ec
)
an
d
Y
-
ax
is
as
v
o
ltag
e
(
m
illi
v
o
lts
)
.
T
h
e
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
o
f
t
h
e
S
R
A
M
m
e
m
o
r
y
ce
ll
is
f
u
r
t
h
er
i
m
p
r
o
v
ed
b
y
t
h
e
C
M
OS
s
ca
li
n
g
tec
h
n
o
lo
g
ies.
As
t
h
e
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
s
h
r
in
k
s
d
o
w
n
,
t
h
e
d
is
ta
n
ce
tr
av
eled
b
y
t
h
e
elec
t
r
o
n
b
et
w
ee
n
th
e
s
o
u
r
ce
an
d
d
r
ain
o
f
th
e
MO
SF
E
T
is
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ed
u
ce
d
.
T
h
e
len
g
t
h
o
f
th
e
MO
SF
E
T
is
d
ir
ec
tl
y
p
r
o
p
o
r
tio
n
al
to
th
e
d
el
a
y
,
an
d
p
o
w
er
ca
n
b
e
ex
p
r
es
s
e
d
[
1
2
]
as
)
V
V
(
2
V
DD
L
2
t
p
t
DD
μ
(
7
)
f
WL
f
p
V
2
DD
C
ox
V
2
DD
C
L
(
8
)
W
h
er
e
V
DD
is
t
h
e
s
u
p
p
l
y
v
o
l
tag
e,
α
is
t
h
e
s
w
itc
h
i
n
g
f
ac
to
r
,
V
t
is
th
e
t
h
r
esh
o
ld
v
o
lta
g
e,
f
is
th
e
o
p
er
atin
g
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
,
W
is
th
e
w
id
t
h
o
f
t
h
e
tr
a
n
s
i
s
to
r
an
d
L
is
t
h
e
c
h
an
n
el
le
n
g
t
h
o
f
t
h
e
tr
a
n
s
i
s
to
r
.
Fo
r
d
if
f
er
e
n
t
C
MO
S
tech
n
o
lo
g
ies,
t
h
e
est
i
m
ated
P
dynam
i
c
an
d
en
er
g
y
co
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
s
ee
m
to
b
e
m
i
n
i
m
i
ze
d
u
s
i
n
g
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
SR
A
M
ce
lls
as s
h
o
w
n
i
n
T
ab
le
1
.
T
h
e
s
w
itch
in
g
o
r
d
y
n
a
m
ic
p
o
w
er
d
is
s
ip
atio
n
o
f
a
C
MO
S
lo
g
ic
cir
c
u
it
i
s
d
ef
in
ed
a
s
t
h
e
ch
ar
g
in
g
a
n
d
d
is
ch
ar
g
i
n
g
o
f
th
e
o
u
tp
u
t
n
o
d
e
ca
p
ac
itan
ce
ex
p
r
ess
ed
as
(
8
)
.
T
h
e
s
w
i
tch
i
n
g
f
ac
to
r
(
α
)
d
ep
en
d
s
o
n
th
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
in
p
u
ts
.
I
f
t
h
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
i
n
p
u
t
s
i
n
cr
ea
s
es,
t
h
e
o
u
tp
u
t
tr
an
s
it
io
n
p
r
o
b
ab
ilit
y
d
ec
r
ea
s
es
,
lead
s
to
d
y
n
a
m
ic
p
o
w
er
co
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
.
C
o
m
p
ar
is
o
n
o
f
d
y
n
a
m
ic
cir
cu
it
f
a
m
ili
es
(
α
=
1
)
,
w
ith
s
tatic
C
MO
S
lo
g
ic
s
t
y
le
s
(
α
i
s
clo
s
er
to
0
.
1
)
in
v
ar
iab
l
y
r
eq
u
ir
es
less
s
w
i
t
ch
in
g
f
ac
to
r
.
T
h
e
1
-
b
it
SR
A
M
ce
ll
d
esi
g
n
ed
f
o
r
u
s
i
n
g
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
in
v
er
ter
s
tr
u
ct
u
r
es
r
eq
u
ir
e
2
-
i
n
p
u
t
s
to
f
o
r
m
a
s
i
n
g
le
i
n
v
er
t
er
w
h
er
ea
s
t
h
e
s
ta
n
d
ar
d
6
T
-
C
MO
S
SR
AM
ce
ll
r
eq
u
ir
e
1
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in
p
u
t.
T
h
e
Nan
d
/No
r
-
8
T
an
d
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u
r
r
en
t
s
i
n
k
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o
u
r
ce
-
1
0
T
SR
A
M
ce
lls
r
eq
u
ir
e
lo
w
s
w
itc
h
in
g
f
ac
to
r
o
f
α
=
0
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1
8
7
5
in
co
m
p
ar
is
o
n
w
it
h
6
T
,
8
T
-
SR
A
M
ce
ll
s
,
w
it
h
α
=
0
.
2
5
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J
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&
C
o
m
p
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SS
N:
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n
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n
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M.
Ma
d
h
u
s
u
d
h
a
n
R
ed
d
y
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1613
Fig
u
r
e
7
.
Sti
m
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lated
ti
m
i
n
g
wav
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r
m
o
f
t
h
e
1
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b
it S
R
A
M
ce
ll u
s
i
n
g
p
r
o
p
o
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ed
in
v
er
ter
s
tr
u
ctu
r
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ab
le
1
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P
o
w
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d
e
n
er
g
y
o
f
d
if
f
er
e
n
t CM
O
S scali
n
g
tech
n
o
lo
g
ies f
o
r
v
ar
io
u
s
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A
M
ce
ll
s
C
o
mp
a
r
i
so
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o
f
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t
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c
e
l
l
s
D
y
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a
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p
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o
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m
p
t
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o
n
(
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a
t
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DD
=
1
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1
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.
3
5
7
.
1
9
4
.
0
9
9
.
8
5
5
.
4
2
1
1
.
0
N
A
N
D
-
8T
3
.
7
9
9
.
7
5
7
.
3
1
4
.
4
9
0
.
9
4
0
7
.
7
NOR
-
8T
3
.
7
8
9
.
3
2
6
.
2
7
4
.
1
0
0
.
2
4
0
7
.
1
C
u
r
r
e
n
t
S
i
n
k
-
1
0
T
7
.
3
8
4
.
5
2
2
.
4
6
8
.
6
1
5
.
3
9
0
3
.
1
C
u
r
r
e
n
t
S
o
u
r
c
e
-
10T
6
.
7
2
4
.
6
3
2
.
0
6
8
.
0
0
5
.
2
0
0
3
.
0
C
o
mp
a
r
i
so
n
o
f
d
i
f
f
e
r
e
n
t
S
R
A
M
c
e
l
l
s
En
e
r
g
y
C
o
n
su
mp
t
i
o
n
(
f
J)
o
f
t
h
e
c
e
l
l
a
t
V
DD
=
1
V
1
3
nm
9
0
nm
60
nm
45
nm
32
nm
22
nm
6T
0
.
7
6
0
.
3
4
0
.
1
9
0
.
1
4
0
.
0
8
0
.
0
3
C
o
n
v
.
8
T
0
.
9
2
0
.
5
5
0
.
3
1
0
.
1
8
0
.
0
9
0
.
0
5
ST
-
11T
1
.
5
1
0
.
8
3
0
.
5
2
0
.
3
9
0
.
2
5
0
.
1
6
N
A
N
D
-
8T
0
.
5
3
0
.
3
5
0
.
2
0
0
.
1
0
.
0
7
0
.
0
3
NOR
-
8T
0
.
5
1
0
.
2
7
0
.
1
5
0
.
0
9
0
.
0
5
0
.
0
2
C
u
r
r
e
n
t
S
i
n
k
-
10T
0
.
3
5
0
.
2
6
0
.
1
3
0
.
0
9
0
.
0
6
0.
03
C
u
r
r
e
n
t
S
o
u
r
c
e
-
10T
0
.
3
4
0
.
2
1
0
.
1
0
.
0
7
0
.
0
5
0
.
0
2
Du
e
to
th
e
r
eq
u
ir
e
m
en
t
o
f
t
h
e
s
u
p
p
l
y
v
o
ltag
e
(
V
DD
)
,
a
m
aj
o
r
p
o
r
tio
n
o
f
t
h
e
d
y
n
a
m
ic
p
o
wer
o
cc
u
r
s
.
I
n
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
SR
A
M
ce
lls
,
m
o
r
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
tr
a
n
s
is
to
r
s
is
o
p
er
atin
g
i
n
th
e
s
atu
r
atio
n
r
eg
io
n
.
T
h
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
o
f
t
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
SR
A
M
ce
ll
s
d
o
es
n
o
t
g
et
r
ed
u
ce
d
d
u
e
to
l
o
w
V
DD
.
T
o
v
er
if
y
th
e
f
u
n
ctio
n
alit
y
,
th
e
s
i
m
u
latio
n
o
f
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
SR
A
M
ce
ll
s
is
ca
r
r
ied
o
u
t
f
r
o
m
m
in
i
m
u
m
V
DD
(
i.e
.
0
.
5
V)
to
th
e
1
V.
I
t
is
n
o
ticed
th
at
s
ig
n
i
f
ica
n
t
r
ed
u
c
tio
n
o
cc
u
r
s
f
o
r
t
h
e
d
y
n
a
m
ic
p
o
w
er
r
es
u
lts
.
T
h
e
lo
a
d
ca
p
ac
itan
ce
C
L
o
f
th
e
ce
ll
i
s
r
ed
u
ce
d
w
it
h
m
i
n
i
m
ized
s
w
i
tch
i
n
g
tr
an
s
itio
n
s
o
f
th
e
d
ev
ice
d
u
r
i
n
g
h
i
g
h
-
to
-
lo
w
a
n
d
lo
w
-
to
-
h
i
g
h
o
f
th
e
p
u
ll
-
u
p
a
n
d
p
u
l
l
-
d
o
w
n
n
et
w
o
r
k
s
(
i.e
.
,
f
r
o
m
V
DD
to
g
r
o
u
n
d
)
,
lead
s
to
d
y
n
a
m
ic
p
o
w
er
c
o
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
.
B
u
t,
a
s
m
al
l a
m
o
u
n
t o
f
p
o
w
er
i
s
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tili
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d
b
y
u
s
i
n
g
v
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g
e
d
iv
id
er
b
ias cir
cu
it
in
c
u
r
r
en
t
s
i
n
k
/
s
o
u
r
ce
-
1
0
T
SR
A
M
ce
ll.
T
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
cu
r
r
en
t
s
o
u
r
ce
-
1
0
T
SR
A
M
ce
ll
ac
h
iev
e
2
1
%,
6
9
%
an
d
7
2
%
lo
w
er
d
y
n
a
m
i
c
p
o
w
er
d
is
s
ip
atio
n
th
an
t
h
e
6
T
,
C
o
n
v
.
8
T
an
d
S
T
-
1
1
T
SR
A
M
ce
lls
.
Fo
r
1
V
s
u
p
p
ly
v
o
ltag
e
at
2
2
-
n
m
tec
h
n
o
lo
g
y
;
t
h
e
P
dynamic
an
d
en
er
g
y
co
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
i
s
f
o
u
n
d
to
b
e
3
.
0
µW
an
d
0
.
0
2
f
J
.
T
h
u
s
,
i
t
i
s
f
o
u
n
d
to
b
e
e
x
tr
e
m
el
y
lo
w
f
o
r
th
e
cu
r
r
en
t
s
o
u
r
ce
-
1
0
T
SR
A
M
ce
ll.
Hen
ce
,
th
e
n
e
w
SR
A
M
ce
ll
s
ar
e
co
m
p
ar
ed
w
i
th
t
h
e
ex
i
s
tin
g
c
e
lls
b
y
v
ar
y
i
n
g
th
e
s
u
p
p
l
y
v
o
ltag
e
i
n
th
e
r
a
n
g
e
o
f
0
.
5
-
1
V
at
2
2
-
n
m
,
w
h
ich
g
iv
e
s
a
b
etter
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
o
f
t
h
e
ce
ll
r
elate
d
to
d
esig
n
m
etr
ics.
T
h
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
o
f
t
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
ce
lls
is
p
lo
tted
with
o
u
t
an
y
lo
s
s
o
f
i
n
f
o
r
m
atio
n
in
ter
m
s
o
f
o
u
tp
u
t
v
o
ltag
e
le
v
els.
F
o
r
th
is
p
u
r
p
o
s
e
B
SIM
3
L
E
VE
L
5
3
n
MO
S.1
m
o
d
el
a
n
d
p
MO
S.1
m
o
d
el
tr
an
s
i
s
to
r
s
w
ith
V
Tn
=
0
.
3
1
V
an
d
V
Tp
=
-
0
.
2
9
V
ar
e
u
s
ed
.
3
.
1
.
Rea
d
a
cc
ess
t
i
m
e
(
T
RA
)
a
nd
s
t
a
bil
it
y
T
h
e
T
R
A
i
s
co
n
s
id
er
ed
[
5
]
as
t
h
e
ti
m
e
d
u
r
atio
n
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
p
o
in
t
w
h
en
W
L
is
ac
ti
v
ate
d
t
o
w
h
ic
h
a
50
-
m
V
d
i
f
f
er
e
n
ce
is
b
u
ilt ac
r
o
s
s
th
e
co
m
p
le
m
e
n
tar
y
b
it
-
lin
es B
L
a
n
d
̅
̅
̅
̅
. T
h
e
co
m
p
ar
is
o
n
o
f
T
RA
f
o
r
v
ar
io
u
s
SR
A
M
ce
ll
s
is
s
h
o
w
n
in
Fig
u
r
e
8
(
a)
.
I
t
is
o
b
s
er
v
ed
th
at
th
e
C
o
n
v
.
8
T
an
d
ST
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1
1
T
ar
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ass
o
ciate
d
w
it
h
m
o
r
e
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t
h
r
ee
B
L
s
,
p
lu
s
W
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lt i
n
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ig
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er
T
R
A
t
h
a
n
f
o
r
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
ce
lls
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8708
I
n
t J
E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
,
Vo
l.
9
,
No
.
3
,
J
u
n
e
2
0
1
9
:
1
6
0
6
-
1
6
1
9
1614
(
a)
(
b
)
Fig
u
r
e
8
.
(
a)
R
ea
d
ac
ce
s
s
ti
m
e
(
b
)
C
o
m
p
ar
is
o
n
o
f
R
ea
d
Stati
c
No
is
e
Ma
r
g
in
(
R
SNM)
o
f
v
a
r
io
u
s
SR
AM
ce
lls
T
h
e
co
m
p
ar
is
o
n
s
o
f
ce
ll
-
r
atio
an
d
p
u
ll
-
u
p
r
atio
s
o
f
d
if
f
er
en
t
S
R
A
M
ce
l
ls
ar
e
p
r
esen
ted
i
n
T
ab
le
2
.
Fo
r
a
r
ea
d
/
w
r
ite
s
tab
ilit
y
b
ala
n
ce
,
ce
ll
-
r
atio
(
p
u
ll
-
d
o
w
n
to
ac
ce
s
s
r
atio
)
an
d
p
u
ll
-
u
p
r
ati
o
(
p
u
ll
-
u
p
to
ac
ce
s
s
r
atio
)
n
ee
d
to
b
e
co
n
s
id
er
ed
la
r
g
er
th
an
1
an
d
s
m
aller
th
a
n
1
.
T
h
e
r
ea
d
an
d
w
r
ite
SNMs
is
f
o
u
n
d
to
d
ep
en
d
o
n
th
e
ce
ll
-
r
atio
a
n
d
p
u
ll
-
u
p
r
ati
o
s
.
T
h
e
r
ea
d
SNM
s
ee
m
s
to
b
e
r
eq
u
ir
ed
th
e
p
u
l
l
-
d
o
w
n
tr
a
n
s
i
s
to
r
s
ar
e
s
tr
o
n
g
er
th
an
t
h
e
ac
ce
s
s
tr
a
n
s
i
s
to
r
s
.
T
h
e
w
r
ite
m
ar
g
i
n
r
eq
u
ir
e
s
(
9
)
t
h
at
t
h
e
ac
ce
s
s
tr
an
s
is
to
r
s
s
h
o
u
ld
b
e
s
tr
o
n
g
er
th
a
n
th
e
p
u
ll
-
u
p
tr
an
s
i
s
to
r
s
.
A
s
o
b
s
er
v
ed
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
p
r
ac
tical
o
b
s
er
v
atio
n
s
,
g
i
v
e
n
b
y
L
W
up
p
u
l
l
L
W
a
cc
es
s
L
W
d
o
w
n
p
u
l
l
(
9
)
T
h
e
n
o
is
e
i
m
m
u
n
it
y
[
1
1
]
o
f
a
d
ig
ital
cir
cu
it
w
o
u
ld
r
ep
r
esen
t
th
e
ab
ilit
y
o
f
a
lo
g
ic
g
ate
to
to
ler
ate
n
o
is
e.
Usi
n
g
DC
tr
a
n
s
f
er
ch
ar
ac
ter
is
tics
n
o
is
e
m
ar
g
i
n
s
i.e
.
NM
H
an
d
NM
L
o
f
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
SR
A
M
ce
lls
ar
e
ca
lcu
lated
as
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
T
ab
le
2
at
u
n
it
y
g
ai
n
p
o
in
t.
T
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
SR
A
M
ce
lls
ar
e
u
s
i
n
g
a
v
o
ltag
e
d
i
v
id
er
b
ias
cu
r
r
en
t
s
i
n
k
a
n
d
cu
r
r
e
n
t
s
o
u
r
c
e
in
v
er
ter
s
tr
u
ct
u
r
es
s
ee
m
i
n
g
l
y
allo
w
h
ig
h
n
o
is
e
m
ar
g
i
n
.
As
it
p
r
o
v
id
es
a
lar
g
e
s
ig
n
al
VT
C
,
it
w
o
u
ld
allo
w
f
a
s
t
s
w
i
tch
i
n
g
w
it
h
lar
g
e
v
o
lt
ag
e
g
ai
n
.
I
n
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
ce
lls
,
th
e
P
UNs
r
ep
r
esen
t
t
h
e
lo
ad
tr
an
s
is
to
r
s
b
u
ilt
w
it
h
p
s
e
u
d
o
-
n
MO
S
i
n
v
er
ter
as
s
h
o
w
j
n
in
Fig
u
r
e
1
an
d
Fig
u
r
e
2
co
n
f
i
g
u
r
atio
n
.
A
w
ea
k
p
MO
S
d
ev
ice
is
r
eq
u
ir
ed
in
wh
ich
th
e
p
u
ll
-
u
p
r
atio
o
f
th
e
ce
ll
is
le
s
s
t
h
a
n
ex
i
s
ti
n
g
o
n
es.
T
h
e
r
ea
d
s
tab
ilit
y
o
f
th
e
m
e
m
o
r
y
ce
ll
s
at
lo
w
-
v
o
lta
g
e
is
d
eter
m
i
n
ed
in
ter
m
s
o
f
SNM.
T
h
e
r
ea
d
SNM
(
R
SN
M)
o
f
an
SR
AM
ce
l
l
d
ep
en
d
s
o
n
th
e
tr
an
s
is
to
r
w
id
t
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5
-
1
V,
R
S
NM
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s
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in
Fig
u
r
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8
b
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s
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m
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p
ath
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esu
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o
r
lar
g
e
R
S
NM
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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ig
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.