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E
lect
rica
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m
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t
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E
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ineering
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I
J
E
CE
)
Vo
l.
11
,
No
.
6
,
Dec
em
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er
2
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2
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,
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p
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5
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u
n
ica
ti
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two
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k
in
g
p
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s
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rted
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wire
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s
se
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r
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c
tu
a
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e
tw
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s
(
WS
AN
s)
to
i
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tro
d
u
c
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e
w
a
p
p
li
c
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ti
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s.
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e
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se
is
th
e
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u
to
m
a
ti
c
g
a
in
c
o
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tro
l
s
y
ste
m
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G
C).
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will
e
n
a
b
le
a
h
ig
h
d
e
g
re
e
o
f
th
e
d
e
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e
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tralize
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a
n
d
m
o
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il
e
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o
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tr
o
l
.
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t
h
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stu
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y
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n
e
u
ra
l
n
e
two
r
k
s
(NN
)
with
fu
z
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ic
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f
t
h
e
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h
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iq
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e
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telli
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se
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o
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h
a
n
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e
t
h
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c
o
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l
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e
p
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d
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g
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n
k
q
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a
li
ty
.
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h
e
NN
a
n
d
fu
z
z
y
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fe
re
n
c
e
s
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ste
m
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IS
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wit
h
M
a
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d
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n
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th
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t
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a
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re
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n
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s
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n
d
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e
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li
a
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it
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f
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S
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Be
twe
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8
8
.
6
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a
n
d
9
9
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9
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v
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ti
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e
d
fo
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e
m
e
d
iu
m
a
n
d
h
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h
c
o
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d
it
i
o
n
s
o
f
o
p
e
ra
ti
o
n
wit
h
t
h
e
p
r
o
p
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se
d
a
lg
o
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h
m
.
E
x
p
e
rime
n
tal
a
n
d
sim
u
lati
o
n
re
su
lt
s
sh
o
w a p
r
o
m
isin
g
a
p
p
ro
a
c
h
.
K
ey
w
o
r
d
s
:
C
o
m
m
u
n
ica
tio
n
lin
k
q
u
ality
Fu
zz
y
lo
g
ic
Neu
r
al
n
etwo
r
k
s
W
SAN
s
T
h
is i
s
a
n
o
p
e
n
a
c
c
e
ss
a
rticle
u
n
d
e
r th
e
CC B
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-
SA
li
c
e
n
se
.
C
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r
r
e
s
p
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nd
ing
A
uth
o
r
:
Nad
a
Nasih
T
awf
ee
q
Dep
ar
tm
en
t
o
f
E
lectr
ical
E
n
g
i
n
ee
r
in
g
T
ik
r
it Un
iv
er
s
ity
,
T
ik
r
it C
ity
,
I
r
aq
E
m
ail:
n
ad
a.
n
asih
@
tu
.
ed
u
.
i
q
1.
I
NT
RO
D
UCT
I
O
N
T
h
e
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
W
SANs
s
y
s
tem
co
n
s
is
ts
o
f
a
g
r
ea
t
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
s
m
all
d
ev
ices
(
s
en
s
o
r
s
an
d
ac
tu
ato
r
s
)
p
r
o
v
id
e
d
with
n
etw
o
r
k
in
g
an
d
wir
eless
co
m
m
u
n
i
ca
tio
n
ab
ilit
ies.
T
h
e
im
p
o
r
tan
ce
o
f
W
SAN
is
d
u
e
to
its
m
in
im
al
b
atter
y
s
p
ac
e,
t
in
y
eq
u
i
p
p
in
g
s
p
ac
e,
r
en
ewe
d
en
er
g
y
s
o
u
r
ce
,
f
ix
ed
b
u
f
f
e
r
in
g
ca
p
ab
ilit
y
,
s
m
all
p
o
wer
r
a
d
io
,
a
n
d
m
i
n
im
ized
p
o
wer
f
o
r
p
r
o
ce
s
s
in
g
.
T
h
e
f
u
n
ctio
n
s
o
f
s
en
s
o
r
s
a
r
e
to
m
ea
s
u
r
e
p
h
y
s
ical
q
u
an
titi
es
s
u
ch
as
p
r
ess
u
r
e,
t
em
p
er
atu
r
e,
d
is
tan
ce
[
1
]
.
T
h
e
wir
eless
s
en
s
o
r
n
etwo
r
k
s
(
W
SN)
ar
e
d
is
tr
ib
u
ted
s
y
s
tem
s
u
tili
ze
d
to
o
b
s
er
v
e
an
d
co
n
tr
o
l
th
e
im
p
lem
e
n
tatio
n
o
f
th
e
s
y
s
tem
.
All
th
e
n
o
d
e
s
o
f
th
e
s
en
s
o
r
h
av
e
b
ee
n
u
s
ed
at
r
an
d
o
m
a
n
d
c
o
m
p
r
is
e
a
n
etwo
r
k
in
s
elf
-
p
lan
n
in
g
tech
n
iq
u
e
w
i
r
e
l
e
s
s
l
y
[
2
]
.
T
h
e
s
t
a
b
i
l
i
t
y
o
f
t
h
e
s
y
s
t
e
m
i
s
a
f
f
e
c
t
e
d
b
y
t
h
e
c
o
m
m
u
n
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
l
i
n
k
w
h
i
c
h
i
s
a
c
o
m
m
o
n
c
h
a
n
n
e
l
c
a
u
s
e
d
b
y
t
h
e
w
a
v
e
c
h
a
r
a
c
t
e
r
:
t
h
e
d
e
l
a
y
e
d
p
a
t
h
i
n
t
e
r
f
e
r
e
n
c
e
i
n
t
h
e
t
r
a
n
s
m
i
s
s
i
o
n
p
r
o
c
e
s
s
.
T
h
e
W
S
N
l
i
n
k
i
s
d
i
r
e
c
t
i
n
g
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
lead
i
n
g
th
e
c
h
an
g
ea
b
le
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
ar
ea
[
3
]
.
T
h
e
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
lin
k
c
h
an
g
e
d
f
r
eq
u
en
tly
a
n
d
h
en
ce
,
a
f
f
ec
ts
t
h
e
lin
k
q
u
ality
[
4
]
.
T
h
e
W
SANs
n
o
d
es
ar
e
u
s
ed
i
n
d
if
f
er
e
n
t
to
p
o
lo
g
ies
to
p
er
f
o
r
m
ce
r
tain
jo
b
s
ac
co
r
d
i
n
g
to
t
h
e
s
en
s
in
g
,
p
r
o
ce
s
s
in
g
,
an
d
c
o
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
s
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
o
f
th
ese
n
o
d
es.
T
h
e
W
SN
co
n
s
is
t
s
o
f
a
b
ase
s
tatio
n
o
r
th
e
co
n
tr
o
ller
an
d
s
en
s
o
r
s
u
s
ed
f
o
r
m
o
n
ito
r
in
g
,
m
a
n
ag
in
g
,
an
d
s
en
d
in
g
th
e
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
r
e
s
p
ec
tiv
ely
[
5
]
.
T
h
e
ad
v
an
tag
es
o
f
W
N
co
m
p
ar
e
d
to
th
e
wir
ed
n
etwo
r
k
d
u
e
to
its
f
lex
ib
le
in
s
tallatio
n
s
,
ea
s
y
m
ain
ten
an
ce
,
m
o
b
ile
o
p
er
atio
n
,
an
d
l
o
w
co
s
t
in
th
e
wid
e
r
an
g
e
o
f
a
p
p
licatio
n
s
lik
e
clim
ate
o
b
s
er
v
ati
o
n
,
ar
m
y
o
p
er
atio
n
s
,
m
o
n
ito
r
in
g
s
y
s
tem
s
,
co
m
m
o
n
s
ec
u
r
ity
o
f
th
e
p
u
b
lic
an
d
,
h
ea
lth
ca
r
e
[
6
]
-
[
7
]
.
No
r
m
ally
,
th
e
W
N
s
u
f
f
er
s
f
r
o
m
th
e
d
ata
tr
an
s
p
o
r
t
is
s
u
es
lik
e
d
r
o
p
o
u
ts
,
lag
g
in
g
p
er
ip
h
er
al
ac
ce
s
s
ib
ilit
y
,
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
er
r
o
r
s
,
u
n
wan
ted
r
etr
an
s
m
itted
d
ata,
tr
af
f
i
c
g
r
id
l
o
ck
,
p
ac
k
ets lo
s
e,
laten
cy
,
p
at
h
lo
s
s
,
an
d
m
u
ltip
at
h
f
ad
in
g
[
8
]
.
I
n
th
e
a
u
to
m
atic
c
o
n
tr
o
l
s
y
s
tem
s
,
th
e
is
s
u
es
f
am
iliar
with
wir
eless
lin
k
s
ar
e
jitt
er
s
,
d
elay
in
tim
e,
an
d
p
ac
k
et
lo
s
s
.
T
h
e
d
ela
y
o
cc
u
r
s
eith
er
am
o
n
g
ac
tu
ato
r
s
a
n
d
s
e
n
s
o
r
s
o
r
am
o
n
g
ac
t
u
ato
r
s
an
d
b
ase
-
s
tatio
n
s
.
New
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8
7
0
8
I
n
t J E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
,
Vo
l.
11
,
No
.
6
,
Dec
em
b
e
r
2
0
2
1
:
5
0
8
9
-
5
0
9
8
5090
r
o
u
tin
g
al
g
o
r
ith
m
with
a
f
u
zz
y
tech
n
iq
u
e
f
o
r
im
p
r
o
v
in
g
q
u
a
lity
o
f
s
er
v
ice
o
f
W
SN
to
in
cr
ea
s
e
in
th
e
n
etwo
r
k
o
p
er
atio
n
s
life
,
r
ed
u
ce
th
e
d
elay
an
d
h
en
ce
im
p
r
o
v
e
th
e
r
eliab
ilit
y
ag
ain
s
t
th
e
f
ailu
r
es
b
y
r
ed
u
cin
g
th
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
p
a
ck
et
lo
s
s
es [
9
]
.
T
h
e
o
p
tim
al
d
y
n
a
m
ic
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
o
f
m
u
lti
-
lo
o
p
co
n
tr
o
l
s
y
s
tem
s
b
y
o
b
tain
s
n
etwo
r
k
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
b
ased
o
n
th
e
esti
m
atio
n
o
f
b
o
t
h
co
n
t
r
o
l
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
an
ce
a
n
d
lin
k
q
u
ality
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
in
[
1
0
]
.
J
itter
is
co
n
s
id
er
e
d
as
ch
an
g
ea
b
le
d
elay
s
in
tim
e
am
o
n
g
t
h
e
elem
en
ts
o
f
th
e
W
SANs
wh
ich
h
as
a
co
n
s
id
er
ab
le
e
f
f
ec
tiv
e
o
n
th
e
r
ea
l
-
tim
e
im
p
lem
en
tatio
n
s
.
T
h
is
p
r
o
b
lem
m
ig
h
t
d
ec
r
ea
s
e
t
h
e
ef
f
i
cien
cy
o
f
th
e
c
o
n
tr
o
l
s
y
s
tem
ex
ec
u
tio
n
a
n
d
lea
d
to
in
s
tab
ilit
y
[
1
1
]
.
T
h
e
s
en
s
o
r
s
,
ac
tu
ato
r
s
,
an
d
t
h
e
o
th
er
ty
p
es
o
f
eq
u
i
p
m
en
t
ar
e
c
o
n
n
ec
ted
to
a
s
in
g
le
co
n
tr
o
ller
t
o
im
p
r
o
v
e
s
p
ee
d
r
e
s
p
o
n
s
e
an
d
o
p
e
r
ato
r
k
n
o
wled
g
e
o
f
s
y
s
tem
co
n
d
itio
n
s
[
1
2
]
.
I
n
r
ec
e
n
t
y
ea
r
s
;
th
e
W
SAN
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
p
lay
s
a
v
ital
r
o
le
in
th
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
-
m
an
u
f
ac
tu
r
es
s
u
c
h
a
s
o
i
l
r
e
f
i
n
e
r
i
e
s
s
t
e
e
l
m
i
l
l
s
,
c
h
e
m
i
c
a
l
p
l
a
n
t
s
,
a
n
d
i
n
f
r
a
s
t
r
u
c
t
u
r
e
s
i
m
p
l
e
m
e
n
t
i
n
g
c
o
m
p
l
e
x
m
o
n
i
t
o
r
i
n
g
.
T
h
e
W
S
A
N
s
w
i
t
h
s
t
a
n
d
a
r
d
I
E
E
E
8
0
2
.
1
5
.
4
w
o
r
k
s
a
t
s
m
a
l
l
p
o
w
e
r
a
n
d
c
h
e
a
p
l
y
f
a
b
r
i
c
a
t
e
d
a
s
p
r
e
s
e
n
t
e
d
i
n
[
1
3
]
.
T
h
e
W
S
A
N
co
n
f
ig
u
r
atio
n
is
s
h
o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
W
ir
eless
ac
tu
ato
r
s
y
s
tem
co
n
f
ig
u
r
atio
n
T
h
e
p
ac
k
et
lo
s
s
r
ates
an
d
th
e
b
atter
y
s
u
p
p
ly
e
f
f
ec
ts
th
e
r
eliab
len
ess
o
f
th
e
W
SAN
s
.
T
h
e
ch
an
g
ea
b
le
p
o
wer
tr
a
n
s
m
is
s
io
n
,
n
o
d
es
m
o
b
ilit
y
,
m
u
lti
-
h
o
p
r
a
d
i
o
i
n
t
e
r
f
e
r
e
n
c
e
s
,
a
n
d
l
o
w
r
a
d
i
o
c
o
m
m
u
n
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
c
h
a
n
n
e
l
p
o
w
e
r
c
a
n
r
e
s
u
l
t
f
r
o
m
p
a
c
k
e
t
l
o
s
s
e
s
[
1
4
]
.
I
n
[
1
5
]
,
t
h
e
W
S
A
N
s
’
p
r
a
c
t
i
c
a
l
a
s
p
e
c
t
s
o
f
t
h
e
d
e
s
i
g
n
a
n
d
i
m
p
l
e
m
e
n
t
a
t
i
o
n
i
n
l
i
g
h
t
c
o
n
t
r
o
l
a
n
d
s
u
r
v
e
i
l
l
a
n
c
e
h
a
v
e
b
ee
n
elab
o
r
ated
.
I
n
th
is
s
tu
d
y
,
a
n
eu
r
o
-
f
u
zz
y
lo
g
ic
m
o
d
el
f
o
r
esti
m
atio
n
o
f
th
e
lin
k
o
f
t
h
e
W
SAN
q
u
ality
is
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
.
I
n
o
r
d
e
r
to
ac
h
iev
e
th
e
o
b
jectiv
es,
th
e
d
ev
e
lo
p
m
en
t o
f
a
p
r
o
to
ty
p
e
o
f
a
co
m
p
u
ter
-
aid
ed
s
y
s
tem
f
o
r
an
in
tellig
en
t
q
u
ality
o
f
s
er
v
ice
u
s
in
g
a
f
u
zz
y
lo
g
ic
m
o
d
el
is
ca
r
r
ied
o
u
t.
T
h
is
s
tu
d
y
d
esig
n
s
a
d
ec
is
io
n
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
s
y
s
tem
f
o
r
th
e
q
u
ality
o
f
s
er
v
ice
in
tellig
en
ce
s
y
s
tem
.
Fu
zz
y
lo
g
ic
ev
alu
ato
r
f
o
r
th
e
q
u
a
lity
o
f
s
er
v
ice
co
m
p
u
tin
g
s
y
s
tem
is
d
esig
n
ed
as
well
to
in
v
esti
g
ate
th
e
s
y
s
tem
.
2.
RE
L
AT
E
D
WO
RK
S
Ov
er
th
e
p
ast f
ew
y
ea
r
s
,
v
a
r
io
u
s
r
esear
ch
es a
r
e
d
o
n
e
i
n
th
e
c
o
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
f
ield
in
o
r
d
er
t
o
s
tu
d
y
th
e
d
if
f
er
en
t
s
id
es
th
at
ar
e
attac
h
ed
to
W
SANs
.
I
n
[
1
6
]
,
th
e
l
in
k
q
u
ality
o
f
th
e
W
SAN
h
as
b
ee
n
s
tu
d
ied
b
y
r
esear
ch
er
s
(
F.
Xia
et
a
l
.
)
.
T
h
e
m
eth
o
d
is
d
o
n
e
b
y
a
p
p
ly
in
g
th
e
PID
alg
o
r
ith
m
to
f
in
d
th
e
co
n
tr
o
llin
g
s
ig
n
al
f
r
o
m
p
r
io
r
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
wh
en
t
h
e
o
u
tp
u
t
m
ea
s
u
r
e
is
n
o
t
co
n
s
id
er
ed
.
A
n
ew
lin
k
q
u
ality
in
d
icato
r
(
L
QI
)
-
b
ased
esti
m
atin
g
tech
n
iq
u
e
f
o
r
W
SNs
i
s
s
tu
d
ied
,
wh
er
e
th
e
p
ac
k
et
lo
s
s
es
an
d
er
r
o
r
p
ac
k
ets
ar
e
tak
e
n
in
to
co
n
s
id
er
atio
n
.
A
l
o
t o
f
e
x
p
er
i
m
en
ts
ar
e
ca
r
r
ied
o
u
t o
n
r
ea
l p
latf
o
r
m
s
[
1
7
]
.
T
h
e
n
o
d
es
p
r
e
d
ictio
n
is
u
s
ed
f
o
r
lin
k
q
u
ality
in
th
e
f
u
tu
r
e
b
y
tim
e
s
er
ies
p
r
ed
ictio
n
m
o
d
el
an
d
th
e
s
en
s
o
r
n
o
d
es
u
s
e
th
e
s
p
atial
co
r
r
elatio
n
o
f
u
n
d
er
-
wate
r
l
in
k
s
in
[
1
8
]
.
Mu
r
r
a
y
in
[
1
9
]
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
th
at
th
e
v
ar
iab
les
o
f
th
e
co
n
tr
o
ller
s
h
o
u
ld
b
e
ad
ap
ted
in
a
d
y
n
a
m
ic
m
an
n
er
as
s
tated
b
y
lin
k
ter
m
s
.
L
iu
[
2
0
]
s
u
g
g
ested
a
m
eth
o
d
o
f
cr
o
s
s
-
lay
er
d
esig
n
in
th
e
wir
eless
co
n
tr
o
l
s
y
s
tem
d
esig
n
an
d
in
tr
o
d
u
ce
d
a
f
r
a
m
ewo
r
k
co
n
s
is
tin
g
o
f
f
o
u
r
lay
e
r
s
.
T
h
e
lin
k
q
u
ality
im
p
r
o
v
em
e
n
t
b
etwe
en
n
o
d
es
u
s
in
g
a
f
o
u
r
-
s
witch
ab
le
b
ea
m
a
n
ten
n
a
in
th
e
W
SN
s
y
s
tem
in
th
e
2
.
4
I
SM
b
an
d
(
2
.
4
-
2
.
4
8
5
GHz
)
is
in
tr
o
d
u
ce
d
in
[
2
1
]
.
Dir
ec
to
r
e
l
e
m
e
n
t
s
a
n
d
r
e
f
l
e
c
t
o
r
s
a
c
h
i
e
v
e
r
e
c
o
n
f
i
g
u
r
a
b
i
l
i
t
y
o
f
t
h
e
i
n
f
o
r
m
a
t
i
o
n
i
n
t
h
e
W
S
A
N
.
T
h
i
s
i
s
a
c
t
i
v
a
t
e
d
b
y
P
I
N
d
i
o
d
e
s
[
2
2
]
.
I
b
r
a
h
i
m
e
t
a
l
.
[
2
3
]
p
r
e
s
e
n
t
e
d
a
n
i
l
l
u
s
t
r
a
t
i
o
n
o
f
t
h
e
r
e
a
s
o
n
s
t
h
a
t
d
e
c
r
e
a
s
e
t
h
e
c
o
n
t
r
o
l
s
y
s
t
e
m
q
u
a
l
i
t
y
a
n
d
r
e
s
u
l
t
u
n
s
t
a
b
l
e
s
y
s
tem
.
Ng
ai
et
al
.
[
2
4
]
p
r
esen
ted
a
d
e
v
elo
p
e
d
alg
o
r
ith
m
to
d
ec
r
ea
s
e
th
e
p
er
io
d
o
f
waitin
g
f
o
r
th
e
s
en
s
o
r
s
in
th
e
wir
eless
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J E
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&
C
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m
p
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n
g
I
SS
N:
2
0
8
8
-
8
7
0
8
C
o
mmu
n
ica
tio
n
s
ystem
imp
r
o
ve
men
t wi
th
co
n
tr
o
l p
erfo
r
ma
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ce
b
a
s
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o
n
lin
k
…
(
N
a
d
a
N
.
Ta
w
feeq
)
5091
s
en
s
o
r
ac
tu
ato
r
n
etwo
r
k
s
[
2
4
]
.
I
n
[
2
5
]
a
s
tu
d
y
o
n
t
h
e
ef
f
o
r
ts
th
at
h
av
e
b
ee
n
m
a
d
e
to
co
m
p
e
n
s
ate
th
e
lo
s
s
es
o
f
p
ac
k
ets
is
p
r
esen
ted
.
Me
th
o
d
o
lo
g
y
f
o
r
d
o
in
g
th
e
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s
e
o
f
a
2
.
4
GHz
n
etwo
r
k
o
f
1
8
n
o
d
es
with
a
f
u
ll
r
an
g
e
o
f
p
h
y
s
ical
lin
k
q
u
ality
i
n
d
icato
r
s
is
s
tu
d
ied
in
[
2
6
]
.
Min
im
iza
tio
n
o
f
en
er
g
y
with
a
f
i
v
e
-
s
tag
e
n
eu
r
al
n
etwo
r
k
an
d
a
g
e
n
etic
alg
o
r
ith
m
is
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
in
[
2
7
]
.
3.
CO
M
M
UNIC
AT
I
O
N
SYS
T
E
M
AR
CH
I
T
E
C
T
UR
E
I
n
th
e
W
SANs
,
th
er
e
ar
e
th
r
ee
co
m
p
o
n
en
ts
d
esig
n
s
.
T
h
e
c
o
m
p
o
n
e
n
ts
ar
e
ac
tu
ato
r
,
s
en
s
o
r
,
an
d
b
ase
-
s
tatio
n
(
k
n
o
wn
also
as
co
n
tr
o
ller
)
.
T
h
e
f
u
n
ctio
n
o
f
ea
ch
co
m
p
o
n
en
t
h
as
b
ee
n
ex
p
lain
e
d
p
r
ev
i
o
u
s
ly
.
T
w
o
d
esig
n
s
ar
e
u
s
ed
t
o
c
o
n
s
tr
u
ct
th
e
n
etwo
r
k
,
au
t
o
m
ated
a
n
d
s
em
i
-
au
t
o
m
ated
.
T
h
e
s
ch
em
e
o
f
th
e
s
em
i
-
au
to
m
ated
wh
ich
will
b
e
u
tili
ze
d
to
ex
ec
u
te
th
e
p
r
o
c
ess
o
f
th
e
MRANNC
is
s
h
o
wn
i
n
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
I
n
th
is
ar
ch
itectu
r
e;
th
er
e
is
n
o
s
p
ec
i
f
ic
co
n
tr
o
ller
in
th
e
W
SANs
.
T
h
e
ac
tu
ato
r
(
A)
a
n
d
t
h
e
co
n
tr
o
ller
ar
e
d
ir
ec
tly
lin
k
ed
wh
er
e
t
h
e
m
ea
s
u
r
ed
i
n
f
o
r
m
atio
n
o
f
th
e
o
u
tp
u
t
f
r
o
m
th
e
s
en
s
o
r
(
S)
is
r
ec
eiv
ed
b
y
th
e
co
n
tr
o
ller
.
W
h
en
th
e
d
ata
is
d
o
n
e
b
ee
n
p
r
o
ce
s
s
ed
f
o
r
s
o
m
e
tim
e,
a
s
ig
n
al
is
s
en
t
to
th
e
ac
tu
ato
r
to
g
et
th
e
s
y
s
tem
ca
r
r
ied
o
u
t
d
ep
en
d
i
n
g
o
n
a
s
p
ec
if
ic
al
g
o
r
ith
m
.
T
h
e
er
r
o
r
s
ig
n
al
is
g
iv
e
n
as
(
1
)
.
T
h
e
s
ch
em
atic
d
ia
g
r
am
o
f
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
W
SAN
s
y
s
te
m
is
s
h
o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
)
(
)
(
)
(
k
y
k
r
k
e
−
=
(
1
)
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
Sch
em
atic
d
iag
r
am
o
f
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
W
SAN
s
y
s
tem
T
h
e
m
ea
s
u
r
em
e
n
t
o
f
ex
ec
u
tio
n
o
f
th
e
c
o
n
tr
o
l
s
y
s
tem
is
d
o
n
e
b
y
u
tili
zin
g
th
e
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
an
ce
in
d
ex
(
PI)
.
T
h
e
in
teg
r
al
tim
e
s
q
u
ar
ed
er
r
o
r
(
I
T
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2
8
]
.
I
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two
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o
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s
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th
e
i
n
ter
n
al
lo
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a
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a
r
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I
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co
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o
l
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th
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ADAL
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n
eu
r
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r
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[
2
9
]
.
T
h
e
tr
ai
n
in
g
o
f
t
h
e
n
eu
tr
al
n
etwo
r
k
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th
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d
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th
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lan
t.
An
esti
m
atio
n
o
f
th
e
o
u
tp
u
t
o
f
th
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s
y
s
tem
is
d
o
n
e
b
y
th
e
r
ef
er
e
n
ce
m
o
d
el
an
d
th
e
n
eu
tr
al
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etwo
r
k
.
T
h
e
g
r
ap
h
ical
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ch
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m
e
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m
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Fig
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w
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y
m
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co
n
tr
o
l
s
y
s
tem
s
,
th
e
th
r
ee
m
atter
s
th
at
will b
e
in
v
esti
g
ated
ar
e:
−
Pack
et
lo
s
s
:
I
n
th
e
wir
eless
n
etwo
r
k
,
i
n
cr
ea
s
ed
ch
a
n
ce
s
f
o
r
d
ata
l
o
s
s
ex
is
t.
Su
ch
lo
s
s
co
u
ld
b
e
th
e
o
u
tco
m
e
o
f
u
n
s
tab
le
m
ed
iu
m
i
m
p
ac
ts
o
r
p
r
o
lo
n
g
ed
r
a
n
g
e
b
et
wee
n
n
o
d
es.
W
h
en
ev
er
th
e
p
a
ck
et
g
ets lo
s
t,
th
e
s
am
p
lin
g
tim
e
in
cr
ea
s
ed
p
r
o
p
o
r
ti
o
n
ally
th
en
it
is
p
o
s
s
ib
l
e
to
r
etr
an
s
m
it
o
f
d
ata.
T
h
e
o
b
tain
ed
s
am
p
le
is
u
tili
ze
d
s
till
f
o
r
ca
lcu
latio
n
an
d
p
r
o
ce
s
s
in
g
.
−
Sam
p
lin
g
in
ter
v
al:
I
n
n
et
wo
r
k
ed
co
n
t
r
o
l
s
y
s
tem
s
,
th
e
Sen
s
o
r
s
n
o
r
m
ally
w
o
r
k
o
n
th
e
s
am
p
li
n
g
p
r
o
ce
s
s
o
f
o
u
tp
u
ttin
g
v
alu
es
in
eith
er
p
er
io
d
ic
o
r
ap
er
i
o
d
ic
(
ev
e
n
t
-
b
ased
)
p
er
io
d
s
.
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s
tem
co
n
tr
o
l
is
im
p
r
o
v
ed
wh
en
th
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
s
am
p
les
is
in
cr
ea
s
ed
in
g
en
er
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d
y
n
a
m
ical
s
y
s
tem
s
.
W
h
en
th
e
s
a
m
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lin
g
av
e
r
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ig
h
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it
co
u
ld
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o
v
e
r
lo
ad
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g
in
th
e
n
etwo
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k
.
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im
e
d
elay
s
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th
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n
etwo
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k
ar
e
in
tr
o
d
u
ce
d
d
u
e
to
th
is
r
ea
s
o
n
an
d
th
e
r
eb
y
,
th
e
ap
p
licatio
n
o
f
a
co
n
tr
o
l
s
y
s
tem
with
r
ea
l
-
tim
e
b
ec
o
m
es
f
u
r
th
er
d
if
f
ic
u
lt
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
n
o
d
es:
On
e
o
f
th
e
r
ea
s
o
n
s
f
o
r
u
tili
zin
g
th
e
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
o
f
wir
eless
co
m
m
u
n
icati
o
n
n
etwo
r
k
is
f
o
r
c
o
n
tr
o
llin
g
a
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
s
y
s
tem
s
o
v
er
th
e
ex
ac
t
n
etwo
r
k
.
Netwo
r
k
o
v
e
r
lo
ad
in
g
co
u
ld
b
e
ca
u
s
ed
b
y
m
u
ltip
le
s
y
s
tem
s
s
in
ce
th
er
e
c
o
u
ld
b
e
an
in
cr
ea
s
ed
ex
p
ec
tat
io
n
th
at
g
r
ea
ter
th
an
o
n
e
n
o
d
e
tr
ies
to
s
en
d
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
th
r
o
u
g
h
th
e
ex
ac
t
ch
an
n
el
at
th
e
e
x
ac
t tim
e.
Fig
u
r
e
3
.
Sch
em
atic
d
iag
r
am
o
f
th
e
m
o
d
el
ad
a
p
tiv
e
co
n
t
r
o
l
5.
NE
URA
L
F
UZ
Z
Y
AP
P
RO
A
CH
F
O
R
L
I
NK
Q
UAL
I
T
Y
I
n
o
r
d
e
r
to
im
p
r
o
v
e
th
e
q
u
alit
y
o
f
s
er
v
ice
(
Qo
S)
in
t
h
e
n
et
wo
r
k
,
in
tellig
en
t
r
o
u
tin
g
is
a
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
p
h
en
o
m
en
o
n
in
W
SNs
f
o
r
I
o
T
.
wh
er
e,
th
e
ess
en
tial
en
er
g
y
f
o
r
co
m
m
u
n
icatin
g
to
t
h
e
I
o
T
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ased
s
en
s
o
r
n
etwo
r
k
s
is
a
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
is
s
u
e
to
ev
ad
e
en
o
r
m
o
u
s
p
ac
k
et
d
r
o
p
p
in
g
o
r
p
ac
k
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lo
s
s
es,
r
a
p
id
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er
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y
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ed
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ctio
n
an
d
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e
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u
ity
th
r
o
u
g
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th
e
n
e
tw
o
r
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d
to
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e
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letio
n
i
n
th
e
n
o
d
e
ex
ec
u
tio
n
a
n
d
in
cr
em
e
n
t
in
d
elay
s
tak
i
n
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i
n
to
co
n
s
id
er
atio
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d
eliv
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r
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g
th
e
p
ac
k
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Su
b
s
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en
tly
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to
i
m
p
r
o
v
e
t
h
e
ex
ec
u
tio
n
o
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th
e
en
tire
n
etwo
r
k
,
a
m
ax
im
u
m
r
eq
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ir
em
en
t
is
wan
ted
f
o
r
en
er
g
y
u
s
e
ch
ec
k
in
g
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
th
e
im
p
lem
en
tatio
n
o
f
in
tellig
en
t
m
ac
h
in
e
lear
n
in
g
tech
n
iq
u
es
to
m
ak
e
an
ef
f
icien
t
r
o
u
tin
g
d
ec
is
io
n
.
A
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
way
s
ex
is
t
in
th
e
liter
atu
r
e
o
n
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f
ec
tiv
e
en
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g
y
r
o
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g
f
o
r
W
SN
s
p
r
ev
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s
ly
.
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c
h
ap
p
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s
h
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ld
b
e
im
p
r
o
v
e
d
to
b
e
s
u
itab
le
with
th
e
W
SN
in
I
o
T
m
e
d
iu
m
.
T
h
en
c
e,
a
n
o
v
el
n
eu
r
o
-
f
u
zz
y
r
u
le
b
ased
clu
s
ter
f
o
r
m
atio
n
an
d
r
o
u
tin
g
p
r
o
to
co
l
t
o
p
er
f
o
r
m
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
r
o
u
tin
g
at
I
o
T
b
ased
W
SNs
[
3
0
]
.
T
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
alg
o
r
ith
m
is
b
ased
o
n
o
p
er
atio
n
wit
h
class
ical
W
SA
N
an
d
ch
ec
k
s
th
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
s
p
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if
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with
a
n
eu
r
o
-
f
u
z
z
y
co
n
tr
o
l sy
s
tem
as in
Fig
u
r
e
4
.
T
h
e
ex
p
e
r
im
en
tal
s
cr
ee
n
s
h
o
t o
f
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
wo
r
k
is
s
h
o
w
n
in
Fig
u
r
e
5
.
T
h
e
in
p
u
ts
ar
e
d
iv
id
ed
in
to
th
r
ee
f
u
zz
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L
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Me
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m
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d
Hig
h
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7
x
7
lin
g
u
is
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ar
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u
s
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f
o
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th
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u
tp
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ts
,
wh
ich
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e
n
eg
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ig
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NB
)
,
n
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m
(
NM
)
,
n
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s
m
a
ll
(
NS
)
,
ze
r
o
(
Z
)
,
p
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e
s
m
all
(
PS
)
,
p
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e
m
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m
(
PM
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,
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PB
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wh
er
e
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ca
n
b
e
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ted
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T
a
b
le
1
.
T
h
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r
ty
r
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les
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to
en
s
u
r
e
th
e
b
est o
p
er
atio
n
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
I
SS
N:
2
0
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7
0
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C
o
mmu
n
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o
l p
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u
r
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.
Pro
p
o
s
ed
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o
r
ith
m
s
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em
atic
d
iag
r
am
Fig
u
r
e
5
.
E
x
p
er
i
m
e
n
tal
s
cr
ee
n
s
h
o
o
t o
f
t
h
e
wo
r
k
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ab
le
1
.
MFs to
im
p
r
o
v
e
th
e
g
iv
e
task
s
CE
E
NB
NM
NS
Z
PS
PM
PB
NB
NB
NB
NB
NM
NS
NS
Z
NM
NB
NM
NM
NM
NS
Z
PS
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NB
NM
NS
NS
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PS
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PM
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PM
PM
PM
PB
PB
Z
PS
PS
PM
PM
PB
PB
T
h
e
m
em
b
er
s
h
ip
f
u
n
ctio
n
(
M
F)
is
a
tr
ian
g
u
lar
m
em
b
e
r
s
h
ip
f
u
n
ctio
n
.
T
h
ese
MFs
ar
e
s
u
ita
b
le
f
o
r
th
e
co
m
p
lex
s
itu
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d
ef
f
icie
n
t
co
m
p
u
tatio
n
.
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h
e
v
al
u
e
o
f
in
p
u
t
g
ets
ch
a
n
g
ed
to
th
e
v
al
u
es
o
f
f
u
zz
y
b
y
t
h
e
MFs in
p
u
ts
.
T
r
ian
g
u
lar
c
u
r
v
es
d
ep
en
d
o
n
t
h
r
ee
p
a
r
am
eter
s
p
1
,
p
2
,
an
d
p
3
.
−
−
−
−
=
3
3
2
2
3
3
2
1
1
2
1
1
0
/
/
0
)
(
p
x
if
p
x
p
if
p
p
x
p
p
x
p
if
p
p
p
x
p
x
if
x
(
6
)
W
h
er
e,
p
2
d
ef
in
es th
e
tr
ian
g
u
l
ar
p
ea
k
lo
ca
tio
n
,
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ile
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1
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d
p
3
d
ef
in
e
t
h
e
tr
ian
g
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lar
en
d
p
o
in
ts
.
6.
SI
M
UL
A
T
I
O
N
R
E
S
UL
T
S
T
h
e
u
s
ag
e
o
f
MRANNC
to
co
m
p
en
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ate
th
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lo
s
s
es
o
f
p
ac
k
ets
in
wir
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s
s
en
s
o
r
ac
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ato
r
n
etwo
r
k
s
is
ap
p
lied
o
n
th
e
n
e
x
t d
is
cr
ete
s
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tem
ac
co
r
d
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g
t
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th
e
id
e
n
tific
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n
ca
p
ab
ilit
y
o
f
th
e
MA
T
L
AB
to
o
lb
o
x
.
)
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(
0
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4
6
.
0
)
3
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0
0
1
1
.
0
)
2
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0
4
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6
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0
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1
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8
5
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0
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1
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0
3
9
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0
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0
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0
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−
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−
−
+
−
+
−
+
−
=
+
k
u
k
u
k
u
k
u
k
y
k
y
k
y
(
7
)
T
h
at
s
y
s
tem
is
s
tu
d
ied
with
d
i
f
f
er
en
t step
i
n
p
u
ts
t
o
ex
am
in
e
its
r
esp
o
n
s
e.
T
h
e
s
im
u
latio
n
s
ar
e
im
p
lem
en
ted
b
y
u
s
in
g
MA
T
L
AB
/Si
m
u
lin
k
an
d
it
o
b
v
io
u
s
th
at
th
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
an
d
s
tab
ilit
y
h
av
e
g
r
ea
t
v
alu
es
b
y
u
s
in
g
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
n
eu
r
o
-
f
u
zz
y
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o
n
tr
o
l
f
o
r
lin
k
q
u
ality
e
n
h
an
ce
m
e
n
t.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8
7
0
8
I
n
t J E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
,
Vo
l.
11
,
No
.
6
,
Dec
em
b
e
r
2
0
2
1
:
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0
8
9
-
5
0
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5094
T
h
e
f
u
zz
y
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g
u
is
tics
v
ar
iab
les ar
e
d
ef
in
e
d
o
n
ea
ch
in
p
u
t p
a
r
am
eter
s
as f
o
llo
ws:
−
Dela
y
tim
e
with
th
r
ee
s
itu
atio
n
s
lo
w,
av
er
ag
e,
an
d
h
ig
h
,
−
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et
lo
s
s
with
th
r
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itu
atio
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s
lo
w,
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er
ag
e,
an
d
h
ig
h
.
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o
w
co
n
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itio
n
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u
s
ed
t
o
d
escr
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th
e
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ig
h
ly
ac
ce
p
tab
le
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o
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er
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n
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itio
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u
s
ed
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o
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th
e
ac
ce
p
tab
le
s
y
s
tem
r
esp
o
n
s
e.
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h
co
n
d
itio
n
is
u
s
ed
to
d
escr
ib
e
th
e
u
n
ac
ce
p
tab
le
s
y
s
tem
r
esp
o
n
s
e.
T
h
e
ex
is
ten
ce
v
alu
es
ar
e
s
elec
ted
f
o
r
in
p
u
t
an
d
o
u
t
p
u
t
p
ar
am
et
er
s
as;
d
elay
tim
e
f
u
n
ctio
n
(
D(
x
)
)
=
[
0
,
4
0
0
]
m
s
ec
,
p
ac
k
et
lo
s
s
f
u
n
ctio
n
(
PKL(
x
)
)
=
[
0
to
1
0
0
]
p
er
ce
n
ta
g
e.
W
h
er
e
;
=
(
(
)
,
(
)
)
.
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ac
h
lin
g
u
is
tic
v
alu
e
o
f
f
u
zz
y
in
p
u
t a
n
d
o
u
t
p
u
t M
F is
ch
ec
k
e
d
an
d
la
b
eled
th
e
d
eg
r
ee
o
f
th
e
v
alu
e
ass
ig
n
ed
.
=
d
e
la
y
h
ig
h
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e
la
y
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d
iu
m
x
if
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e
la
y
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w
x
if
x
D
4
0
0
3
0
0
3
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1
5
0
1
5
0
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(
8
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=
d
e
la
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ig
h
x
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iu
m
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w
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x
P
K
L
80
40
40
20
20
10
)
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(
9
)
T
h
e
f
itn
ess
f
u
n
ctio
n
is
u
tili
ze
d
f
o
r
th
e
tr
a
n
s
f
o
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m
atio
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s
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jectiv
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to
a
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im
ize
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l
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b
j
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tiv
e
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n
ctio
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alu
es.
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h
is
f
itn
ess
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
with
o
b
jectiv
e
f
u
n
ctio
n
ca
n
b
e
illu
s
tr
ated
as
in
(
1
0
)
[
3
1
]
.
T
h
e
f
itn
es
s
o
f
th
e
s
y
s
tem
af
ter
th
e
o
b
jectiv
e
f
u
n
ctio
n
ap
p
licatio
n
ca
n
b
e
s
h
o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
e
6.
T
h
e
n
eu
r
al
n
etwo
r
k
c
o
n
tr
o
ller
f
o
r
p
ac
k
et
l
o
s
s
co
m
p
e
n
s
atio
n
is
s
h
o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
e
7.
T
h
e
f
u
zz
y
lo
g
ic
i
n
p
u
t v
ar
iatio
n
is
illu
s
tr
ated
in
Fig
u
r
e
8
f
o
r
s
tab
le
an
d
s
m
o
o
th
l
y
i
n
cr
ea
s
ed
in
p
u
t.
f
u
n
c
t
i
o
n
o
j
e
c
t
i
v
e
F
i
t
t
n
e
s
s
+
=
1
1
(
1
0
)
Fig
u
r
e
6
.
Fit
n
ess
o
f
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
s
y
s
tem
af
ter
3
2
iter
atio
n
s
Fig
u
r
e
7
.
Pack
et
lo
s
e
c
o
m
p
en
s
atio
n
with
n
eu
r
al
n
etwo
r
k
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
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n
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I
SS
N:
2
0
8
8
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8
7
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C
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u
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.
Var
iatio
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o
f
t
h
e
Fu
z
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lo
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ic
co
n
tr
o
ller
T
h
e
r
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d
th
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co
n
tr
o
l
s
ig
n
al
o
f
th
e
n
o
n
lin
ea
r
s
y
s
tem
with
o
u
t
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
alg
o
r
ith
m
ar
e
s
h
o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
e
9
.
I
n
t
h
is
f
ig
u
r
e,
th
e
r
esp
o
n
s
e
is
f
ast
b
u
t
with
a
s
tead
y
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s
tate
er
r
o
r
wh
ich
ca
n
b
e
ca
n
ce
led
o
r
elim
in
ated
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m
p
letely
af
ter
a
p
p
ly
in
g
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
alg
o
r
ith
m
.
T
h
e
d
er
iv
ativ
e
o
f
th
e
in
p
u
t
s
ig
n
al
is
s
h
o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
e
1
0
.
Fig
u
r
e
9
.
Fu
zz
y
lo
g
ic
o
f
th
e
i
n
p
u
t sy
s
tem
Fig
u
r
e
1
0
.
Fu
zz
y
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g
ic
T
h
e
im
p
r
o
v
em
en
t
o
f
th
e
s
y
s
tem
o
p
er
atio
n
(
p
ac
k
et
lo
s
s
,
d
e
lay
tim
e)
to
m
ed
iu
m
lev
el
is
s
h
o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
e
1
1
.
I
n
th
is
s
y
s
tem
,
d
esp
ite
s
o
m
e
d
elay
tim
e
an
d
t
h
e
r
is
e
tim
e
is
h
ig
h
er
th
an
in
Fig
u
r
e
9
b
u
t
th
e
s
tead
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-
s
tate
er
r
o
r
is
less
.
W
h
ile
Fig
u
r
e
1
2
s
h
o
ws
o
th
er
im
p
r
o
v
em
e
n
t
o
cc
u
r
r
in
g
in
th
e
r
esp
o
n
s
e
i
n
th
e
r
is
e
tim
e
b
u
t
with
s
tead
y
-
s
tate
er
r
o
r
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8
7
0
8
I
n
t J E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
,
Vo
l.
11
,
No
.
6
,
Dec
em
b
e
r
2
0
2
1
:
5
0
8
9
-
5
0
9
8
5096
T
h
e
v
alid
atio
n
d
ata
o
f
th
e
h
i
g
h
an
d
m
ed
i
u
m
lev
els
o
f
o
p
e
r
atio
n
(
9
9
.
9
%
an
d
8
8
.
8
6
%)
is
s
h
o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
e
1
3
.
T
h
ese
im
p
r
o
v
em
en
ts
ar
e
o
cc
u
r
r
in
g
d
u
e
to
t
h
e
g
o
o
d
s
elec
tio
n
o
f
th
e
n
eu
r
o
-
f
u
zz
y
p
ar
am
eter
s
.
T
h
e
co
m
p
lete
v
alid
atio
n
o
f
th
e
n
e
u
r
o
-
f
u
zz
y
o
f
th
e
W
SAN
is
s
h
o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
e
1
4
.
I
n
th
is
f
ig
u
r
e,
f
ast
r
is
e
tim
e
an
d
ze
r
o
s
tead
y
-
s
tate
er
r
o
r
en
s
u
r
e
b
etter
o
p
er
atio
n
in
th
e
s
y
s
tem
r
esp
o
n
s
e.
T
h
e
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
t
r
an
s
ce
iv
er
w
ith
h
ig
h
e
f
f
icien
cy
with
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
alg
o
r
ith
m
is
s
h
o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
e
1
5
.
T
h
is
en
s
u
r
es
ef
f
icien
t
Qo
S
o
f
th
e
W
SAN
s
y
s
tem
.
W
ith
th
e
b
est
PID
co
n
tr
o
ller
g
a
in
[
Kp
=6
9
6
.
1
6
5
8
,
Ki
=
1
1
1
.
0
3
1
4
,
K
d
=
4
.
9
9
8
8
]
.
T
h
e
Fu
zz
y
lo
g
ic
in
p
u
t
-
o
u
tp
u
t c
o
n
f
ig
u
r
atio
n
is
s
h
o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
e
1
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s
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.
RE
F
E
R
E
NC
E
S
[1
]
K.
Y.
Lu
m
,
J
.
-
S
.
C
h
o
w,
a
n
d
K
.
H
.
Yia
u
w
,
"
W
irele
ss
p
o
we
r
tran
sfe
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fra
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e
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rk
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m
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e
m
a
tch
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g
,
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In
ter
n
a
ti
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n
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l
J
o
u
rn
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l
o
f
Po
we
r
El
e
c
tro
n
ics
a
n
d
Dr
ive
S
y
ste
m
(IJ
PE
DS
),
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1
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o
.
1
,
p
p
.
3
1
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2
5
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0
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0
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0
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1
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s.
v
1
1
.
i
1
.
p
p
3
1
7
-
3
2
5
.
[2
]
H.
S
u
n
d
a
n
i,
H.
Li,
V.
De
v
a
b
h
a
k
t
u
n
i,
M.
Ala
m
,
a
n
d
P.
Bh
a
tt
a
c
h
a
ry
a
,
"
Wi
re
les
s se
n
so
r
n
e
two
rk
sim
u
lato
rs:
A su
rv
e
y
a
n
d
c
o
m
p
a
ris
o
n
s,
"
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
Of
C
o
mp
u
ter
Ne
two
rk
s (IJCN
)
,
v
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l
.
2
,
n
o
.
5
,
p
p
.
2
4
9
-
2
6
5
,
2
0
1
1
.
[3
]
S.
R
.
Th
e
o
d
o
re
,
"
Wi
re
les
s
c
o
m
m
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
s:
P
rin
c
i
p
les
a
n
d
p
ra
c
ti
c
e
,
”
S
e
c
o
n
d
Ed
n
.
Pre
n
ti
c
e
Ha
ll
Pre
ss
,
USA,
pp.
72
-
1
3
8
,
2
0
1
1
.
[4
]
A.
Wo
o
,
T.
T
o
n
g
,
a
n
d
D.
Cu
ll
e
r
,
"
Tam
in
g
th
e
u
n
d
e
rl
y
in
g
c
h
a
ll
e
n
g
e
s
o
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re
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a
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le
m
u
lt
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h
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p
ro
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ti
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g
i
n
se
n
so
r
n
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two
rk
s,
"
S
e
n
S
y
s
'0
3
:
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e
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g
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o
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ti
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0
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1
1
4
5
/
9
5
8
4
9
1
.
9
5
8
4
9
4
.
[5
]
I.
F
.
A
k
y
il
d
iz an
d
M
.
Vu
ra
n
,
"
W
i
re
les
s se
n
so
r
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rk
s,
"
J
o
h
n
-
W
h
il
y
&
so
n
s
,
2
0
1
0
.
[6
]
S
.
M
a
z
u
m
d
e
r,
"
W
irele
ss
n
e
two
r
k
in
g
b
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se
d
c
o
n
tro
l
,
"
S
p
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w
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2
0
1
1
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o
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1
0
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1
0
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7
/
9
7
8
-
1
-
4
4
1
9
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3
9
3
-
1
.
[7
]
R.
El
h
a
b
y
a
n
,
W.
S
h
i,
a
n
d
M.
St
-
H
i
l
a
i
r
e
,
"
C
o
v
e
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a
g
e
P
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l
s
f
o
r
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r
e
l
e
s
s
S
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n
s
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N
e
t
w
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k
s
:
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e
v
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w
a
n
d
F
u
t
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D
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r
e
c
t
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o
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s
,
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J
o
u
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l
o
f
C
o
m
m
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n
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c
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t
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o
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s
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n
d
N
e
t
w
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r
k
,
v
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l
.
21
,
n
o
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1
,
p
p
.
45
-
6
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,
2
0
1
9
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
1
0
9
/JCN.2
0
1
9
.
0
0
0
0
0
5
.
[8
]
A.
Na
y
a
k
a
n
d
I.
S
to
jme
n
o
v
ic,
"
W
irele
ss
se
n
so
r
a
n
d
a
c
tu
a
t
o
r
n
e
tw
o
r
k
s,"
J
o
h
n
-
W
h
il
e
y
&
so
n
s
,
2
0
1
0
.
[9
]
R.
Ab
b
a
si
,
A
.
M
.
B
id
g
o
li
,
a
n
d
M
.
A
.
De
z
fo
li
,
"
A
Ne
w
F
u
z
z
y
Alg
o
rit
h
m
fo
r
Im
p
ro
v
in
g
Qu
a
li
t
y
o
f
S
e
rv
ice
in
Re
a
l
Ti
m
e
Wi
re
les
s
S
e
n
so
r
Ne
two
rk
s,
"
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
Of
A
d
v
a
n
c
e
d
S
ma
rt
S
e
n
s
o
r
Ne
two
rk
S
y
st
e
ms
(IJ
AS
S
N),
v
o
l.
2
,
n
o
.
2
,
p
p
.
1
-
1
4
,
2
0
1
2
,
d
o
i:
10
.
5
1
2
1
/
ij
a
ss
n
.
2
0
1
2
.
2
2
0
1
.
[1
0
]
Y.
M
a
e
t
a
l.
,
"
O
p
ti
m
a
l
Dy
n
a
m
ic
S
c
h
e
d
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li
n
g
o
f
Wi
re
les
s
Ne
two
r
k
e
d
C
o
n
tr
o
l
S
y
ste
m
s,"
Pro
c
e
e
d
i
n
g
s
o
f
th
e
1
0
t
h
ACM
/IE
EE
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
Co
n
fer
e
n
c
e
o
n
Cy
b
e
r
-
Ph
y
sic
a
l
S
y
ste
ms
,
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o
n
trea
l,
Qu
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,
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2
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3
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1
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1
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“
Co
n
tro
l
S
y
ste
m
Arc
h
it
e
c
tu
re
-
In
stru
m
e
n
tati
o
n
T
o
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,
”
2
0
1
9
.
[On
li
n
e
].
Av
a
il
a
b
le:
ht
t
p
s://
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n
stru
m
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n
tati
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to
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/co
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s
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rc
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re
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0
1
9
.
[1
2
]
J.
S
h
i
a
n
d
M
.
S
h
a
,
"
P
a
r
a
m
e
t
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S
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l
f
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p
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l
W
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t
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t
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t
w
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k
s
,
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.
2
0
1
9
.
8
7
3
7
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6
7
.
[1
3
]
T.
M
e
l
o
d
ia,
D
.
P
o
m
p
il
i
,
a
n
d
I.
F
.
A
k
y
l
d
iz
,
"
Ha
n
d
li
n
g
m
o
b
il
it
y
i
n
wire
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s
se
n
so
r
a
n
d
a
c
tu
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to
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n
e
two
rk
s,"
IEE
E
T
ra
n
sa
c
ti
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[1
4
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S
.
Li
,
"
Wi
re
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s
se
n
so
r
a
c
tu
a
to
r
n
e
two
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s
fo
r
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g
h
t
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g
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n
d
c
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p
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ti
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s,"
CCNC
2
0
0
6
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0
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3
r
d
IEE
E
Co
n
su
me
r
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