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e q
u
al
i
t
y
o
f
t
h
e
i
m
a
g
e t
o
d
i
ag
n
o
s
e d
en
t
a
l
car
i
es
.
V
al
i
zad
eh
et
a
l
.
(
2
0
1
5
)
c
o
n
d
u
ct
ed
a s
t
u
d
y
t
o
d
ev
el
o
p
an
d
as
s
e
s
s
t
h
e
f
un
c
t
i
o
n
of
di
a
gn
os
t
i
c
c
o
m
p
u
t
e
r
s
of
t
w
a
r
e
de
s
i
gn
e
d f
or
e
v
a
l
u
a
t
i
on
of
a
ppr
ox
i
m
a
l
c
a
r
i
e
s
in
p
o
s
te
r
io
r
te
e
th
[
1
7
]
.
Mi
r
i
et
al
.
(
2
0
1
5
)
co
n
d
u
ct
ed
a s
t
u
d
y
ev
al
u
a
t
ed
t
h
e d
i
ag
n
o
s
t
i
c accu
r
ac
y
o
f
t
h
e r
ev
er
s
e
c
on
t
r
a
s
t
m
ode
i
n
i
n
t
r
a
or
a
l
di
g
i
t
a
l
r
a
di
og
r
a
phy
f
or
t
h
e
de
t
e
c
t
i
on
of
pr
ox
i
m
a
l
de
n
t
i
n
a
l
c
a
r
i
e
s
,
i
n
c
o
m
pa
r
i
s
on
w
it
h
t
h
e
o
r
ig
in
a
l d
ig
ita
l r
a
d
io
g
r
a
p
h
s
[
1
8
]
.
N
a
'
a
m
e
t a
l.
(
2
0
1
7
)
c
o
n
d
u
c
te
d
a
s
tu
d
y
to
f
a
c
ilita
t
e
th
e
id
e
n
ti
f
ic
a
tio
n
o
f
p
r
o
x
i
m
al
car
i
e
s
i
n
t
h
e
P
an
o
r
am
i
c
D
e
n
t
al
X
-
R
a
y
i
m
a
ge
[
19
]
.
T
i
k
h
e
e
t
a
l
.
(
2016)
c
on
du
c
t
e
d
a
s
t
ud
y
t
o
p
r
es
en
t
a
n
al
g
o
r
i
t
h
m
u
s
i
n
g
d
i
g
i
t
al
p
er
i
ap
i
cal
r
ad
i
o
g
r
ap
h
i
c
i
m
ag
e
s
t
o
d
et
ect
e
n
a
m
el
car
i
e
s
an
d
i
n
t
er
p
r
o
x
i
m
al
car
i
es
[
20
].
I
n
t
h
i
s
s
t
u
d
y
,
w
e
pr
opos
e
d a
m
e
t
h
od of
di
g
i
t
a
l
i
m
a
g
e
pr
oc
e
s
s
i
ng
of
P
a
n
or
a
m
i
c
X
-
R
a
y i
n e
d
ge
d
et
ect
i
o
n
t
o
en
h
a
n
ce i
m
a
g
e o
f
p
r
o
x
i
m
al
car
i
es
o
n
m
o
l
ar
t
o
o
t
h
.
T
h
e ed
g
e o
f
t
eet
h
t
h
a
t
cu
r
v
ed
i
n
t
o
t
h
e t
o
o
t
h
a
r
e
a
is
th
e
id
e
n
tit
y
o
f
t
h
e
p
r
o
x
i
m
a
l c
a
r
ie
s
.
T
h
e
r
e
s
u
lt o
f
th
e
d
ig
ita
l d
e
te
c
tio
n
is
c
o
m
p
a
r
e
d
w
ith
c
li
n
ic
a
l
d
ia
g
n
o
s
i
s
o
f
t
h
e
d
e
n
ti
s
t to
o
b
ta
in
th
e
le
v
e
l o
f
a
c
c
u
r
a
c
y
o
f
th
e
s
tu
d
y
.
2.
RE
S
EA
R
C
H
M
ETH
O
D
T
h
is
s
t
u
d
y
a
i
m
s
to
e
s
ta
b
lis
h
a
p
r
o
x
i
m
a
l c
a
r
ie
s
to
o
th
e
d
g
e
in
a
d
ig
i
ta
l i
m
a
g
e
o
f
m
o
la
r
te
e
th
w
i
t
h
i
m
p
r
o
v
ed
q
u
al
i
t
y
.
T
h
e
s
t
ag
es
o
f
i
m
ag
e
p
r
o
ces
s
i
n
g
p
er
f
o
r
m
ed
ar
e
C
r
o
p
p
i
n
g
,
F
i
l
t
er
i
n
g
,
E
n
h
an
ce
m
e
n
t
,
S
eg
m
en
t
at
i
o
n
,
an
d
E
d
g
e D
et
ect
i
o
n
w
i
t
h
t
h
e
r
es
u
l
t
o
f
e
n
h
an
ced
ed
g
e d
et
ect
i
o
n
.
T
h
e
w
h
o
l
e p
r
o
ces
s
w
i
l
l
p
r
o
d
u
ce f
o
u
r
i
m
a
g
e
f
i
l
es
,
i
.
e.
,
as
cr
o
p
p
i
n
g
i
m
a
g
e,
en
h
an
ce
m
e
n
t
i
m
ag
e,
ed
g
e d
et
ect
i
o
n
i
m
a
g
e an
d
en
h
a
n
ce
m
en
t
i
m
a
g
e t
h
at
h
a
s
f
o
r
m
ed
ed
g
e d
et
ect
i
o
n
.
S
t
ag
e
s
o
f
t
h
e p
r
o
ces
s
p
er
f
o
r
m
ed
ar
e s
h
o
w
n
i
n
F
i
g
u
r
e 1
.
F
i
gu
r
e
1.
S
t
ag
es
o
f
I
m
a
g
e P
r
o
ces
s
i
n
g
I
m
ag
e
s
o
f
t
h
i
s
r
es
ear
ch
d
at
a
w
er
e o
b
t
ai
n
ed
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
R
ad
i
o
l
o
g
y
o
f
C
e
n
t
r
al
G
e
n
er
al
H
o
s
p
i
t
al
D
r
.
M
.
J
am
i
l
P
ad
an
g
I
n
d
o
n
es
i
a.
T
h
e h
o
s
p
i
t
al
i
s
a
g
o
v
er
n
m
en
t
t
y
p
e B
as
ed
u
ca
t
i
o
n
al
h
o
s
p
i
t
al
l
o
cat
ed
i
n
t
h
e
ci
t
y
o
f
P
ad
an
g
,
I
n
d
o
n
es
i
a.
T
h
e P
an
o
r
a
m
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c X
-
R
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e
qu
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p
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nt
us
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d i
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pi
t
a
l
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s
br
a
nde
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276
4x
13
30 pi
x
e
l
s
.
I
n F
i
g
u
r
e
2 be
l
o
w
i
s
on
e
of
P
a
n
or
a
m
i
c
X
-
R
a
y
d
ig
ita
l i
m
a
g
e
t
h
a
t i
s
p
r
o
c
e
s
s
e
d
a
nd
ha
s
i
t
s
t
o
o
t
h nu
m
b
e
r
i
ng.
F
i
g
ur
e
2
.
N
o
ta
tio
n
o
f
te
e
th
[
2
1
]
T
h
e
to
ta
l o
f
d
ig
ita
l i
m
a
g
e
s
p
r
o
c
e
s
s
e
d
in
t
h
is
s
t
u
d
y
w
a
s
1
0
1
i
m
a
g
e
s
.
A
ll i
m
a
g
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a
n
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l
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e
d
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y
d
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tis
t
s
o
f
S
e
m
e
n
P
a
d
a
n
g
H
o
s
p
ita
l to
d
e
te
c
t p
r
o
x
i
m
a
l c
a
r
ie
s
i
n
a
m
o
la
r
to
o
th
.
T
h
e
r
e
s
u
lt o
f
th
e
a
n
a
l
y
s
i
s
w
as
t
h
at
t
h
er
e
w
er
e 2
3
P
an
o
r
am
i
c X
-
R
a
y
i
m
ag
es
o
f
p
r
o
x
i
m
al
o
r
i
n
t
er
p
r
o
x
i
m
al
car
i
es
.
P
r
ev
i
o
u
s
l
y
,
t
h
es
e p
h
o
t
o
s
w
er
e u
s
ed
t
o
s
t
ud
y a
c
c
ur
a
c
y
us
i
n
g
m
ul
t
i
p
l
e
M
o
r
p
ho
l
o
gi
c
a
l
G
r
a
d
i
e
nt
(
m
M
G
)
[
2
2
]
.
I
n
t
h
es
e 2
3
P
an
o
r
am
i
c X
-
R
ay
i
m
ag
es
,
t
h
er
e ar
e 3
0
m
o
l
ar
t
eet
h
o
f
p
r
o
x
i
m
al
car
i
es
s
u
f
f
er
er
s
.
T
h
es
e
3
0
t
eet
h
i
m
a
g
es
w
er
e p
r
o
ces
s
ed
i
n
t
h
i
s
s
t
u
d
y
w
i
t
h
M
at
l
ab
s
o
f
t
w
ar
e.
3.
R
ES
U
LT
S
A
ND AN
AL
Y
S
I
S
T
h
e i
m
ag
e p
r
es
e
n
t
ed
i
n
t
h
i
s
p
ap
er
i
s
P
an
o
r
am
i
c
X
-
R
a
y i
m
a
ge
i
n
F
i
gur
e
2
.
T
he
r
e
s
ul
t
o
f
a
na
l
ys
i
s
b
y
t
h
e d
en
t
i
s
t
t
h
at
t
h
er
e ar
e
pr
ox
i
m
a
l
c
a
r
i
e
s
i
n
t
h
e
m
ol
a
r
t
e
e
t
h,
i
.
e
.
n
um
be
r
17 (
u
ppe
r
r
i
g
h
t
n
um
be
r
7)
a
n
d 27
(
u
ppe
r
l
e
f
t
num
be
r
7)
.
F
u
r
t
h
e
r
m
or
e
,
w
e
pr
oc
e
e
d
w
i
t
h
c
r
oppi
n
g
pr
oc
e
s
s
.
3
.1
.
C
r
o
ppi
ng
T
h
e cr
o
p
p
i
n
g
i
s
t
h
e p
r
o
ces
s
o
f
t
ak
i
n
g
t
h
e t
o
o
t
h
ar
ea t
o
b
e p
r
o
ces
s
ed
n
ex
t
.
T
h
e cr
o
p
p
i
n
g
t
e
c
hni
q
ue
u
s
e
d
i
n t
hi
s
s
t
u
d
y
w
as
s
t
i
l
l
m
a
n
u
al
[
2
3
]
.
T
h
i
s
m
et
h
o
d
p
r
o
d
u
ces
a s
q
u
ar
e ar
ea
w
i
t
h
t
h
e d
et
er
m
i
n
at
i
o
n
o
f
t
h
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t
ar
t
i
n
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p
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n
t
w
h
ic
h
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s
d
r
a
w
n
d
ia
g
o
n
a
ll
y
.
T
h
e
d
ia
g
o
n
a
l
s
ta
r
ti
n
g
p
o
in
t c
o
u
ld
s
ta
r
t
a
t a
n
y
p
o
in
t,
s
u
c
h
a
s
th
e
u
p
p
e
r
le
f
t; to
p
r
ig
h
t
; b
o
tto
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l
e
f
t; o
r
b
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tto
m
r
ig
h
t.
N
e
x
t
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e
d
r
a
w
th
e
d
ia
g
o
n
a
l to
g
e
t t
h
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n
d
p
o
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t,
s
o
th
a
t th
e
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r
o
p
p
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g
a
r
e
a
m
ode
l
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o
u
l
d s
e
l
e
c
t
on
e
o
f
t
h
e
f
ol
l
o
w
i
ng
f
ou
r
m
ode
l
s
,
s
u
c
h
a
s
F
i
g
u
r
e
3.
T
h
e
c
r
oppi
n
g
m
ode
l
u
s
e
d
f
or
t
h
e
t
e
s
t
i
m
a
g
e
is
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
to
p
r
ig
h
t
to
th
e
lo
w
e
r
le
f
t.
T
h
e
c
r
oppe
d
i
m
a
ge
i
s
s
ho
w
n
i
n
F
i
gur
e
4
.
T
h
e
c
r
oppe
d i
m
a
ge
r
ep
r
es
en
t
s
t
h
e ar
ea o
f
t
h
e p
r
o
x
i
m
al
car
i
es
t
h
a
t
h
as
b
een
s
ep
ar
at
ed
f
r
o
m
t
h
e P
an
o
r
a
m
i
c X
-
R
a
y
ar
ea.
T
h
i
s
ar
ea
i
s
al
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ead
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r
i
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(
b
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ig
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t d
o
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c
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ig
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(
d
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b
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p
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ig
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SSN
:
20
88
-
8708
In
t
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l
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2
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325
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a)
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F
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4.
T
h
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c
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ppi
n
g
i
m
a
g
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(
a
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17t
h
t
oot
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b
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t
oot
h
3
.2
.
E
nha
nc
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m
e
nt
I
m
a
ge
q
ua
l
i
t
y a
nd
accu
r
ac
y
ar
e t
h
e co
r
e f
act
o
r
s
,
i
m
a
g
e q
u
al
i
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as
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m
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t
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a
s
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a
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t
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ar
e d
ep
en
d
i
n
g
o
n
t
h
e en
h
an
c
e
m
en
t
[
2
4
]
,
[
2
5
]
.
E
n
h
an
ce
m
en
t
ai
m
s
t
o
i
m
p
r
o
v
e i
m
a
g
e
q
u
al
i
t
y
w
h
i
l
e ed
g
e
d
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ect
i
o
n
f
o
r
m
t
h
e
ed
g
e o
f
t
h
e t
o
o
t
h
.
B
o
t
h
o
f
t
h
e
s
e p
r
o
ces
s
es
h
a
v
e d
i
f
f
er
e
n
t
a
l
g
or
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t
hm
s
,
s
o bot
h pr
oc
e
s
s
e
s
w
er
e s
ep
ar
at
ed
.
E
n
h
an
ce
m
e
n
t
ai
m
s
t
o
cl
ar
i
f
y
t
h
e i
n
f
o
r
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at
i
o
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co
n
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ai
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i
n
t
h
e cr
o
p
p
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i
m
ag
e.
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n
h
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ce
m
e
n
t
p
r
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ces
s
co
n
s
i
s
t
s
o
f
t
w
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a
g
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n
a
m
el
y
F
i
l
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er
i
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g
a
n
d
m
M
G
.
T
h
e f
i
l
t
er
i
n
g
i
s
t
h
e p
r
o
ces
s
o
f
r
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m
o
v
i
n
g
n
o
i
s
e t
h
at
is
e
li
m
i
n
a
t
i
ng t
he
p
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xe
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va
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ha
t
i
s
t
o
o
l
o
w
,
o
r
t
he
va
l
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t
ha
t
i
s
t
o
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hi
g
h f
r
o
m
t
he
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ur
r
o
u
nd
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n
g p
i
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n
a
n
i
m
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g
e.
T
h
es
e
n
o
i
s
e p
i
x
e
l
s
ar
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s
cat
t
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ed
r
an
d
o
m
l
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d
i
m
p
r
o
p
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l
y
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T
h
e f
i
l
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er
i
n
g
t
ech
n
i
q
u
e
i
s
p
er
f
o
r
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ed
us
i
n
g G
a
u
s
s
i
a
n
m
e
t
ho
d
[
2
6
]
.
N
e
xt
,
t
he
f
i
l
t
e
r
e
d i
m
a
g
e
i
s
pr
oc
e
s
s
e
d by
m
M
G
m
e
t
h
od [
27]
.
T
h
e
r
e
s
u
l
t
of
E
nha
nc
e
m
e
n
t
i
m
a
ge
s
p
r
o
c
e
s
s
can
b
e s
een
i
n
F
i
g
u
r
e 5
.
(
a)
(b
)
F
i
g
ur
e
5
.
T
h
e
r
e
s
u
l
t
of
e
nh
a
n
c
e
m
e
nt
pr
oc
e
s
s
(
a
)
17t
h
t
oot
h
,
(
b)
27t
h
t
oot
h
I
n
t
h
e e
n
h
a
n
ce
m
en
t
p
r
o
ces
s
i
t
h
as
b
een
ab
l
e t
o
f
o
r
m
o
b
j
ect
s
cl
ear
l
y
.
T
h
i
s
m
et
h
o
d
w
o
r
k
s
t
o
i
n
cr
eas
e
t
h
e p
i
x
el
v
al
u
e t
h
at
m
a
k
es
u
p
t
h
e o
b
j
ect
an
d
t
h
e p
i
x
el
v
al
u
e o
f
t
h
e f
i
x
ed
b
ack
g
r
o
u
n
d
.
H
o
w
e
v
er
,
t
h
e ed
g
e o
f
t
h
e o
b
j
ect
h
as
n
o
t
b
een
s
et
c
l
ear
l
y
.
T
h
e r
eas
o
n
i
s
t
h
at
t
h
e
d
i
f
f
er
en
ce
i
n
p
i
x
el
v
al
u
e
s
o
f
o
b
j
ect
s
i
s
n
o
t
s
o
s
i
g
n
i
f
i
ca
n
t
.
F
o
r
t
h
at
,
a s
ep
ar
at
e p
r
o
ces
s
f
o
r
ed
g
e d
et
ect
i
o
n
i
s
p
er
f
o
r
m
ed
.
3.
3
.
E
d
g
e D
et
ect
i
o
n
T
h
e ed
g
e d
et
ect
i
o
n
p
r
o
ces
s
ai
m
s
t
o
f
o
r
m
t
h
e ed
g
e o
f
eac
h
o
b
j
ect
o
f
t
h
e cr
o
p
p
ed
i
m
a
g
e cl
e
ar
l
y
.
T
h
i
s
pr
oc
e
s
s
c
on
s
i
s
t
s
of
2 s
t
a
g
e
s
,
n
a
m
e
l
y
s
e
gm
e
n
t
a
t
i
on a
n
d
f
or
m
i
n
g a
n e
dg
e
.
M
e
d
ic
a
l i
m
a
g
e
s
e
g
m
e
n
ta
tio
n
w
i
ll
s
eek
t
o
i
m
p
r
o
v
e t
h
e accu
r
ac
y
,
p
r
eci
s
i
o
n
,
an
d
co
m
p
u
t
i
n
g
s
p
eed
o
f
t
h
e
s
eg
m
e
n
t
at
i
o
n
m
et
h
o
d
,
as
w
el
l
as
r
ed
u
ce
t
h
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
m
an
u
al
i
n
t
er
act
i
o
n
s
[
28]
.
P
r
oc
e
s
s
s
e
gm
e
n
t
a
t
i
on
i
s
pe
r
f
or
m
e
d
us
i
ng
O
t
s
u
[
29
]
,
a
nd
e
d
ge
t
e
c
h
ni
qu
e
i
s
pe
r
f
or
m
e
d us
i
ng M
or
ph
ol
ogy
G
r
a
di
e
n
t
.
T
h
e
p
u
r
pos
e
of
M
or
ph
ol
ogy
G
r
a
di
e
n
t
i
s
t
o r
e
du
c
e
t
h
e
r
e
s
u
l
t
of
D
i
l
a
t
i
on
M
or
ph
ol
ogy
w
i
t
h
E
r
os
i
on
M
or
ph
ol
ogy
[
3
0
]
.
T
h
e
e
q
u
a
tio
n
a
s
f
o
llo
w
s
:
E
d=
M
d(
o)
-
M
e(
o
)
(1
)
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
In
t
J
E
l
e
c
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
I
SSN
:
2088
-
8708
D
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T
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3263
w
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E
d
:
T
h
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l
t
o
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g
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d
et
ect
i
o
n
i
m
a
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e
M
d:
D
i
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t
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m
or
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os
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m
or
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o
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T
he
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e
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ul
t
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f
O
t
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u i
m
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ge
T
he
r
e
s
ul
t
o
f
e
d
ge
d
et
ect
i
o
n
i
m
a
g
e ca
n
b
e
s
een
i
n
F
i
g
u
r
e 6
.
I
n t
he
r
e
s
ul
t
o
f
e
d
ge
d
e
t
e
c
t
i
o
n i
m
a
ge
,
t
he
b
o
u
n
d
ar
y
ed
g
e o
f
t
h
e o
b
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ect
h
as
b
een
f
o
r
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ed
cl
ear
l
y
.
(
a)
(b
)
F
i
g
ur
e
6
.
T
h
e
r
e
s
u
l
t
of
e
dg
e
de
t
e
c
t
i
on
pr
oc
e
s
s
(
a
)
17t
h
t
oot
h
,
(
b)
27t
h
t
oot
h
3.
4
.
Ed
g
e
E
nha
nc
e
m
e
nt
F
u
r
t
h
er
m
o
r
e,
t
h
e
p
r
o
ces
s
o
f
f
o
r
m
i
n
g
ed
g
e
d
et
ect
i
o
n
o
f
e
n
h
an
ce
m
e
n
t
i
m
a
g
e b
as
ed
o
n
t
h
e
p
i
x
el
o
f
ed
g
e p
o
s
i
t
i
o
n
o
n
ed
g
e d
et
ect
i
o
n
i
m
a
g
e.
S
o
t
o
cl
ar
i
f
y
t
h
e ed
g
e b
o
r
d
er
s
o
n
t
h
e en
h
an
ce
m
e
n
t
i
s
t
h
e f
o
r
m
at
i
o
n
o
f
ed
g
es
b
as
ed
o
n
a
p
i
x
el
p
o
s
i
t
i
o
n
at
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g
e
d
et
ect
i
o
n
.
T
he
e
dge
p
i
xe
l
p
o
s
i
t
i
o
n
o
n
t
he
e
d
ge
d
e
t
e
c
t
i
o
n
i
m
a
ge
i
s
ad
j
u
s
t
ed
t
o
t
h
e l
o
cat
i
o
n
o
f
t
h
e en
h
a
n
ce
m
en
t
i
m
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g
e an
d
t
h
en
r
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l
aced
w
i
t
h
t
h
e
h
i
g
h
es
t
v
al
u
e i
n
t
h
e
en
h
a
n
ce
m
en
t
i
m
ag
e.
T
h
en
t
h
e
ed
g
es
o
f
t
h
e i
m
ag
e e
n
h
an
ce
m
en
t
can
b
e s
ee
n
cl
ear
l
y
.
T
he
a
l
go
r
i
t
h
m
us
e
d
e
d
ge
e
nha
nc
e
m
e
n
t
w
i
t
h e
q
ua
t
i
o
n a
s
f
o
l
l
o
w
s
:
m
M
G
(
x
,
y
) =
m
M
G
m
a
x
|
E
d
(x
,
y
) =
1
2
8
(2
)
C
o
d
e
o
f
a
lg
o
r
ith
m
is
a
s
f
o
llo
w
s
:
E
d
ge
e
nha
nc
e
m
e
nt
a
l
go
r
i
t
h
m
I
nput
:
mM
G,
E
d
O
ut
put
:
m
MG
I
n
it
ia
liz
a
t
io
n
i,
j
Ge
t
lin
e
,
co
l
u
mn
,
ma
x
[
lin
e
,
c
o
lu
m
n
]
=
s
iz
e
(
m
M
G
)
m
a
x
=0
fo
r
i
=
1 t
o
lin
e
do
fo
r
j
=
1 t
o
c
ol
um
n
do
i
f
ma
x
<
mM
G
(
i
,
j
)
m
a
x
= m
MG
(
i
,
j
)
e
nd
i
f
e
n
d f
or
e
n
d f
or
fo
r
i
=
1 t
o
lin
e
do
fo
r
j
=
1 t
o
c
ol
um
n
do
i
f
E
d
(
i
,
j
)
=
128
m
MG
(
i
,
j
)
=
ma
x
e
nd
i
f
e
n
d f
or
e
n
d f
or
T
h
e r
es
u
l
t
o
f
ed
g
e
en
h
a
n
ce
m
e
n
t
i
m
ag
e ca
n
b
e s
een
i
n
F
i
g
u
r
e 7
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SSN
:
20
88
-
8708
In
t
J
E
l
e
c
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
,
V
o
l.
8
, N
o
.
5
,
O
ct
o
b
er
2
01
8
:
325
9
-
3266
3264
(
a)
(b
)
F
i
g
ur
e
7
.
T
h
e
r
e
s
u
l
t
of
e
dg
e
e
n
h
a
n
c
e
m
e
nt
pr
oc
e
s
s
(
a
)
17t
h
t
oot
h
,
(
b)
2
7t
h
t
oot
h
E
d
g
e en
h
a
n
ce
m
en
t
r
es
u
l
t
s
h
a
v
e b
een
cl
ear
l
y
d
et
ect
ed
d
i
r
ect
l
y
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ai
n
s
t
t
h
e p
r
o
x
i
m
al
car
i
es
,
t
h
e ed
g
e
o
f
th
e
to
o
th
t
h
a
t p
r
o
tr
u
d
e
s
in
to
th
e
to
o
th
.
T
h
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x
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4.
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.
R
EF
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EN
C
ES
[
1]
A.
A
b
d
el
f
at
t
ah
,
“O
r
al
H
e
al
t
h
,
D
i
s
eas
es
,
E
x
a
m
i
n
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o
n
,
D
i
ag
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s
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s
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r
eat
m
en
t
P
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&
M
o
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t
h
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r
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ar
at
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,
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A
dv
anc
e
s
in
D
e
n
tis
tr
y
&
O
r
a
l H
e
a
lth
,
v
o
l
. 3
,
p
p
. 1
-
13,
N
ov
.
2
01
6.
[
2]
J
. B
. S
u
m
m
i
t
,
e
t a
l.
,
“
F
unda
m
e
nt
a
l
s
of
O
pe
r
a
t
i
v
e
D
e
nt
i
s
t
r
y
;
A
C
ont
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m
por
a
r
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A
ppr
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h
,
”
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ui
nt
e
s
se
n
z V
e
rl
a
g
:
Be
r
lin
,
p
p.
3
1,
2
00
6.
[
3]
X
. Q
u
,
e
t
a
l.
,
“D
et
ect
i
o
n
accu
r
acy
o
f
i
n
v
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t
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p
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m
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g
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m
ag
e
s
,
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u
r
J
R
adi
ol
,
v
o
l
.
79,
p
p
.
e
24
-
e
2
7,
20
11.
[
4]
N
.
F
ar
h
ad
i
,
e
t a
l.
,
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f
f
e
ct
o
f
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f
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t
l
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g
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al
H
y
pot
he
s
e
s
,
v
o
l
. 7
, p
p
. 1
5
-
19,
M
a
r
.
20
16.
[
5]
M
. K
. Z
a
y
e
t
,
e
t a
l.
,
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f
f
e
ct
o
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ch
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t
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onv
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o
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l
r
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og
r
a
phy
,
”
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m
agi
n
g
S
ci
en
ce i
n
D
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t
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s
t
r
y
,
v
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l
. 1
4
,
p
p.
1
99
-
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05,
A
pr
.
20
14
.
[
6]
Z
. D
. K
a
j
a
n
,
e
t a
l
.
,
“T
h
e ef
f
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t
s
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ed
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o
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m
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y
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5
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[
7]
C.
W
a
n
g
,
e
t a
l.
,
“
A
be
nc
hm
a
r
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f
or
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ge
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a
ly
s
is
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v
o
l
. 3
1
,
p
p.
63
–
76
,
F
e
b
.
20
16.
[
8]
R
.
P
er
i
y
as
a
m
y
,
e
t a
l.
,
“D
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t
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f
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nt
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l
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our
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f
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R
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s
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ar
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h
,
v
o
l
. 9
,
p
p.
54
16
3
-
5
41
67
,
J
ul
.
2
01
7.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
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.
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P
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C
.
A
.
W
at
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ab
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et
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l
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,
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M
u
lti
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n
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en
t
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R
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r
ap
h
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”
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our
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o
f
O
r
al
H
e
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l
t
h
an
d D
e
nt
al
C
ar
e
,
v
o
l
. 1
,
p
p
. 1
-
7
,
J
a
n
.
20
17.
[
1
1]
R
.
S
upr
i
y
a
nt
i
,
e
t a
l.
,
“
P
oi
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P
r
o
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s
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e
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hod f
or
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pr
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di
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m
ag
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u
al
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t
y
,
”
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nt
e
r
nat
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on
a
l
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our
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l
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t
r
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c
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d C
om
pu
t
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r
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ng
i
n
eer
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g
(
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JE
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,
vo
l
.
6
,
pp
.
15
87
-
159
4,
A
pr
.
20
16
.
[
1
2]
T
.
A.
Aj
i
n
s
,
e
t a
l.
,
“I
m
ag
i
n
g
M
o
d
al
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t
i
es
f
o
r
G
en
er
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D
en
t
al
P
r
act
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ce
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Bi
rd
’ s
E
y
e
V
i
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w
,
”
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our
nal
of
A
c
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de
m
y
of
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ta
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d
u
c
a
tio
n
,
v
o
l
. 2
,
p
p.
11
-
14,
S
e
p.
20
16
.
[
1
3]
A
.
S
a
ba
r
udi
n a
n
d Y
.
J
.
T
i
a
u,
“
I
m
a
ge
qua
l
i
t
y
as
s
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s
m
en
t
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n
p
a
n
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am
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c d
en
t
al
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ad
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ap
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:
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t
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s
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t
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m
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e
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c
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d s
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r
y
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v
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.
3,
p
p.
43
-
4
8,
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e
b.
201
3.
[
1
4]
F
.
F
al
l
ah
zad
e
,
e
t a
l.
,
“
A
C
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m
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r
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s
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t
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c
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l P
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T
h
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f
P
r
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x
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m
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C
ar
i
es
,
”
A
nnal
s
of
D
e
nt
al
S
pe
c
i
al
t
y
,
v
o
l
. 5
,
p
p
. 4
1
-
44
,
J
un
.
20
17
.
[
1
5]
G
.
L.
Te
r
r
y
,
e
t a
l.
,
“
A
c
l
i
ni
c
a
l
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om
pa
r
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s
on of
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t
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a
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nor
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t
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pr
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i
m
a
l
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s
a
nd v
i
s
ua
l
i
z
i
ng
ope
n
pos
t
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or
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om
ax
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l
l
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ol
ogy
,
v
o
l
. 4
5
,
p
p
. 1
-
7,
F
e
b.
20
16.
[
1
6]
W
.
Gu
n
a
wa
n
,
e
t a
l.
,
“
F
u
zzy
R
e
g
i
o
n
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er
g
i
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s
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n
g
F
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zzy
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i
m
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l
ar
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t
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eas
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m
en
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m
ag
e
S
eg
m
en
t
at
i
o
n
,
”
I
nt
e
r
nat
i
o
nal
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our
n
al
of
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l
e
c
t
r
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c
al
an
d C
om
pu
t
e
r
E
n
gi
ne
e
r
i
n
g (
I
J
E
C
E
)
,
vo
l
.
7
,
p
p.
34
02
-
3
41
0,
S
e
p.
201
7.
[
1
7]
S
.
V
al
i
zad
eh
,
e
t a
l.
,
“
D
e
s
i
g
ni
ng
of
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c
om
put
e
r
s
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w
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r
e
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t
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n p
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or
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e
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h
,
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r
ani
a
n J
o
ur
n
al
of
R
adi
ol
ogy
,
v
ol
.
12
,
p
p
. 1
-
8
,
O
c
t
. 2
0
15.
[
1
8]
S.
Mi
r
i
,
e
t
a
l.
,
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he
e
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f
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a
c
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ode
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t
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e
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t
i
on
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m
a
l
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en
t
i
n
al
car
i
es
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m
agi
n
g
Sc
i
e
nc
e
i
n D
e
nt
i
s
t
r
y
,
v
o
l
. 4
5
,
p
p.
14
1
-
14
5,
A
pr
.
20
15.
[
1
9]
J.
Na
`
a
m
,
e
t a
l.
,
“I
m
a
g
e P
r
o
ces
s
i
n
g
o
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an
o
r
am
i
c D
en
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al
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r Id
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n
g
P
ro
x
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m
a
l
C
a
ri
e
s
,
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T
E
L
KO
M
NIKA
,
v
o
l
.
15
,
p
p.
7
02
-
70
8,
J
u
n.
20
17
.
[
2
0]
S
. V
. T
i
k
h
e
,
e
t a
l.
,
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lg
o
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ith
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m
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l C
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s
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phs
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nt
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e
(
IA
CC)
,
p
p.
2
25
-
22
8,
20
16
.
[
2
1]
A
.
B
l
i
nk
hor
n
,
e
t a
l.
,
“
A
n i
nv
e
s
t
i
g
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o t
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nt
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l
s
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ho
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s
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n t
he
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K
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”
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ur
J
D
e
nt
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duc
,
v
o
l
. 2
,
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p
. 3
9
–
4
1,
O
c
t
.
19
97.
[
2
2]
J
.
N
a`
a
m
,
“
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ccu
r
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f
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c D
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l C
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ith
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l G
r
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t (
m
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o
l
. 1
,
p
p
. 5
-
1
1
,
M
a
r
.
201
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[
2
3]
J.
Na
`
a
m
,
e
t a
l.
,
“
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e
te
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tio
n
o
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I
n
f
iltr
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n
f
a
n
t C
h
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s
t X
-
R
ay
,
”
T
E
L
KO
M
NIKA
,
v
ol
.
15
,
p
p.
1
943
-
19
51
,
D
ec
.
201
7.
[
2
4]
G
.
S
i
v
ar
ad
j
e
,
e
t a
l.
,
“
L
E
GI
O
N
—
B
a
s
e
d S
e
gm
e
nt
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t
i
on of
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ag
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et
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c R
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ce I
m
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o
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t
h
e B
r
ai
n
,
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I
E
T
E
J
ou
r
nal
o
f
R
es
ea
r
ch
,
v
ol
.
4
8,
p
p
. 3
1
1
-
31
5,
A
ug
.
2002
.
[
2
5]
H
.
G
upt
a
,
e
t a
l.
,
“
R
e
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our
c
e
E
f
f
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c
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e
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da
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m
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ge
E
nha
nc
e
m
e
nt
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l
gor
i
t
h
ms
,
”
I
E
T
E
Jo
u
r
n
a
l
o
f
R
es
ea
r
ch
,
v
o
l
. 6
1
,
p
p
.
429
-
4
39,
M
a
y
2015
.
[
2
6]
R
.
A
.
H
ad
d
ad
an
d
A
.
N
.
A
k
an
s
u
,
“A
C
l
as
s
o
f
F
as
t
G
au
s
s
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an
B
i
n
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m
i
al
F
i
l
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S
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eech
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d
I
m
a
g
e P
r
o
ces
s
i
n
g
,
”
I
E
E
E
T
r
a
ns
ac
t
i
ons
on
Si
gn
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P
r
o
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s
i
ng
,
v
o
l
. 3
9
,
p
p.
72
3
-
72
7,
M
a
r
.
19
91
.
[
2
7]
J.
Na
`
a
m
,
e
t a
l.
,
“
I
d
e
n
tif
ic
a
tio
n
o
f
th
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r
o
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im
a
l C
a
r
ie
s
o
f
D
e
n
ta
l X
-
R
a
y
I
m
a
g
e
w
ith
M
u
ltip
le
M
o
r
p
h
o
lo
g
y
G
r
a
d
ie
n
t
M
e
t
h
od
,
”
I
nt
e
r
n
at
i
o
na
l
J
our
n
al
o
n A
dv
a
nc
e
d Sc
i
e
nc
e
,
E
n
gi
ne
e
r
i
n
g
and I
nf
or
m
a
t
i
o
n T
e
c
hn
ol
o
gy
(
I
J
A
SE
I
T
)
,
v
o
l.
6
,
p
p.
34
3
-
346
,
J
u
n.
20
16
.
[
2
8]
D
. I
.
L
an
l
eg
e
,
et
a
l.
,
“
T
h
e i
r
i
s
b
i
o
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et
r
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f
eat
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e s
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s
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f
i
n
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t
e el
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en
t
m
et
h
o
d
,”
L
e
on
a
r
do J
o
ur
na
l
of
S
ci
en
ces
,
vo
l
.
26
,
p
p
. 1
-
16
,
20
15
[
2
9]
N
.
O
t
s
u,
“
A
t
hr
e
s
hol
d s
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t
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hod f
r
om
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r
a
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le
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to
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r
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m
s
,
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E
E
E
T
r
a
n
s
.
S
y
s
. M
a
n
. C
y
b
e
r
,
v
o
l.
SMC
-
9
,
p
p.
62
–
66
,
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a
n.
1
99
1.
[
3
0]
D
.
P
.
L
es
t
ar
i
,
e
t a
l.
,
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C
om
pa
r
i
s
on of
T
hr
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e
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nt
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t
i
on M
e
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h
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l
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ound I
m
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g
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s
B
a
s
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d on L
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ve
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S
e
t
a
nd M
or
p
hol
og
i
c
a
l
O
pe
r
a
t
i
on
s
,
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I
nt
e
r
nat
i
on
al
J
o
ur
na
l
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l
e
c
t
r
i
c
al
an
d C
om
put
e
r
E
n
gi
ne
e
r
i
ng
(
I
J
E
C
E
)
, v
o
l
. 7
,
pp.
38
3
-
391
,
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c
.
2
01
6.
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I
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G
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ES
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RS
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u
fr
i
a
d
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f N
a
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m
w
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s
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n P
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ndo
ne
s
i
a
,
i
n 19
67
.
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e
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s
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n
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P
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ci
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ep
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a Y
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i
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94
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