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u
r
r
en
t,
p
o
w
er
co
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
,
r
o
b
u
s
t
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eg
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ad
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u
e
to
co
n
ten
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r
r
e
n
t
an
d
d
ela
y
.
Hen
ce
,
th
e
p
o
w
er
to
tal
lea
k
ag
e
is
r
ed
u
ce
d
b
y
th
e
i
m
p
le
m
e
n
tatio
n
o
f
C
C
D.
I
n
th
is
p
ap
er
,
th
e
C
HS
K
d
o
m
i
n
o
lo
g
ic
is
i
m
p
le
m
e
n
ti
n
g
w
ith
t
h
e
C
C
D
f
o
r
th
e
i
m
p
r
o
v
e
m
en
t
o
f
n
o
is
e
i
m
m
u
n
it
y
,
p
o
w
er
co
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
,
an
d
s
p
ee
d
p
r
o
ce
s
s
.
T
h
e
C
C
D
is
co
m
b
i
n
ed
w
ith
t
h
e
C
HSK
cir
c
u
it
f
o
r
th
e
co
n
tr
o
l
p
r
o
ce
s
s
o
f
th
e
cir
cu
it a
n
d
i
m
p
r
o
v
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m
e
n
t o
f
n
o
is
e
i
m
m
u
n
it
y
a
n
d
leak
a
g
e.
Fig
u
r
e
1
C
u
r
r
en
t Co
m
p
ar
is
o
n
Do
m
i
n
o
C
o
n
ce
p
t
A
n
e
w
tec
h
n
iq
u
e
o
f
co
m
p
ar
is
o
n
m
ir
r
o
r
cu
r
r
en
t
w
a
s
p
r
o
p
o
s
e
d
f
o
r
w
id
e
f
an
-
i
n
g
ate
s
w
ith
lo
w
lea
k
ag
e
an
d
b
etter
n
o
is
e
i
m
m
u
n
it
y
.
I
n
th
is
tech
n
iq
u
e,
t
h
e
p
ar
asit
ic
c
ap
ac
itan
ce
w
as
d
i
m
i
n
is
h
ed
o
n
th
e
d
y
n
a
m
ic
n
o
d
e
r
esu
lti
n
g
in
s
m
aller
k
ee
p
er
to
ex
ec
u
te
s
p
ee
d
y
an
d
r
o
b
u
s
tn
e
s
s
in
cir
cu
it
s
.
So
th
e
co
n
te
n
tio
n
cu
r
r
en
t
an
d
p
o
w
er
co
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
is
r
ed
u
ce
d
w
it
h
d
eg
r
ad
atio
n
in
d
ela
y
.
B
ec
au
s
e
o
f
th
e
f
o
o
ter
tr
an
s
is
to
r
in
d
io
d
e
co
n
f
ig
u
r
atio
n
t
h
e
leak
ag
e
cu
r
r
e
n
t
i
s
d
ec
r
ea
s
ed
l
ea
d
in
g
to
h
i
g
h
n
o
is
e
i
m
m
u
n
i
t
y
[
1
]
.
T
h
e
m
i
x
ed
h
i
g
h
s
p
ee
d
d
o
m
i
n
o
lo
g
ic
w
as
d
esig
n
ed
to
en
h
a
n
ce
th
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
m
etr
ics.
T
h
e
C
HS
K
d
o
m
in
o
lo
g
ic
i
s
a
co
m
b
in
a
tio
n
o
f
h
i
g
h
s
p
ee
d
an
d
co
n
d
itio
n
al
k
ee
p
er
d
o
m
i
n
o
lo
g
ic
tec
h
n
iq
u
es
d
esi
g
n
ed
w
it
h
m
u
ltip
lex
,
w
h
ic
h
y
ield
s
b
etter
r
esu
lt
s
co
m
p
ar
ed
to
ex
is
t
in
g
d
o
m
i
n
o
lo
g
ic
[
2
]
.
A
d
o
m
i
n
o
lo
g
ic
tech
n
iq
u
e
i
s
d
esig
n
ed
to
m
ee
t
th
e
cr
itical
co
n
ce
r
n
o
f
t
h
e
V
L
SI
er
a
w
i
th
co
n
v
e
n
ie
n
ce
an
d
h
ig
h
m
icr
o
elec
tr
o
n
ic
d
ev
ices,
p
o
w
er
co
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
o
f
th
e
d
ig
ital
cir
cu
it.
T
h
e
Fil
ter
ed
S
w
itc
h
Do
m
i
n
o
an
d
Mu
lti
D
y
n
a
m
ic
No
d
e
Do
m
i
n
o
ar
e
d
esig
n
ed
to
m
ea
s
u
r
e
t
h
e
p
ar
a
m
eter
s
li
k
e
p
o
w
er
,
ar
ea
a
n
d
d
elay
.
Fo
r
f
u
r
t
h
er
i
m
p
r
o
v
e
m
en
t
b
o
t
h
th
e
tech
n
iq
u
es
w
er
e
co
m
b
i
n
ed
an
d
r
es
u
lt
s
h
a
v
e
b
ee
n
d
elib
er
ate.
Mu
l
ti
d
y
n
a
m
ic
n
o
d
es
ar
e
in
tr
o
d
u
ce
d
f
o
r
r
ed
u
cin
g
s
w
itc
h
in
g
ac
ti
v
it
y
in
t
h
e
cir
cu
it
a
n
d
p
o
w
er
d
is
s
ip
atio
n
.
T
h
e
Mu
l
ti
D
y
n
a
m
ic
F
ilter
ed
S
w
itc
h
Do
m
i
n
o
r
esu
lt
s
h
o
w
s
h
ig
h
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
i
n
th
e
tr
ad
e
-
o
f
f
p
ar
a
m
eter
s
w
h
e
n
co
m
p
a
r
ed
to
th
e
ex
is
ti
n
g
d
o
m
i
n
o
lo
g
ic
s
y
s
te
m
s
[
3
]
.
T
h
e
d
o
m
i
n
o
lo
g
ic
cir
cu
i
t
d
esi
g
n
tec
h
n
iq
u
e
s
ar
e
s
u
i
tab
le
f
o
r
h
ig
h
l
y
p
er
f
o
r
m
i
n
g
cir
cu
its
f
o
r
its
h
ig
h
er
s
p
ee
d
an
d
u
n
iq
u
en
e
s
s
o
f
ar
ea
in
co
m
p
ar
is
o
n
w
it
h
Static
C
MO
S
C
ir
cu
it
s
.
Stack
ed
tr
an
s
i
s
to
r
d
u
al
th
r
e
s
h
o
ld
v
o
lt
ag
e
tec
h
n
i
q
u
e
ab
ates
t
h
e
s
u
b
th
r
es
h
o
ld
leak
a
g
e
cu
r
r
en
t
w
h
i
ch
i
n
r
e
s
u
l
t
p
o
w
er
co
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
also
r
ed
u
ce
d
s
i
g
n
i
f
ica
n
tl
y
.
T
h
e
s
leep
s
w
i
tch
d
u
al
th
r
e
s
h
o
ld
v
o
lta
g
e
tec
h
n
iq
u
e
s
h
o
w
s
b
etter
r
ed
u
ctio
n
in
p
o
w
er
,
i
m
p
r
o
v
e
m
en
t
in
d
ela
y
a
n
d
r
ed
u
ctio
n
in
ar
ea
in
co
n
tr
ast
w
it
h
s
ta
n
d
a
r
d
d
u
al
-
Vth
d
o
m
i
n
o
lo
g
ic.
T
h
e
h
i
g
h
s
p
ee
d
d
o
m
i
n
o
lo
g
ic
cir
c
u
it
s
h
o
w
s
ex
ce
l
len
t
r
ed
u
ctio
n
i
n
p
o
w
er
,
e
n
h
an
ce
m
en
t
i
n
p
r
o
p
ag
atio
n
d
elay
an
d
p
o
w
er
d
ela
y
p
r
o
d
u
ct
w
a
s
i
m
p
r
o
v
ed
s
i
g
n
if
ica
n
t
l
y
.
T
h
e
co
n
d
itio
n
a
l
k
ee
p
er
d
o
m
in
o
lo
g
ic
cir
c
u
it
i
m
p
r
o
v
es
s
p
ee
d
an
d
also
m
ain
t
ai
n
s
t
h
e
n
o
i
s
e
i
m
m
u
n
it
y
.
T
h
e
d
io
d
e
f
o
o
ted
d
o
m
i
n
o
l
o
g
ic
i
m
p
r
o
v
es
t
h
e
r
o
b
u
s
tn
es
s
w
h
e
n
co
m
p
ar
ed
to
s
tan
d
ar
d
f
o
o
tles
s
d
o
m
i
n
o
an
d
co
n
d
itio
n
al
k
ee
p
er
d
o
m
in
o
u
n
d
er
th
e
s
a
m
e
d
ela
y
[
4
]
,
[
1
8
]
.
T
h
e
d
o
m
i
n
o
lo
g
ic
cir
cu
i
ts
ar
e
ap
p
lied
in
m
o
d
er
n
d
ig
i
tal
V
L
SI
cir
c
u
it
s
b
e
ca
u
s
e
o
f
its
d
esig
n
co
s
t
i
s
lo
w
,
i
m
p
le
m
en
tatio
n
is
s
i
m
p
le
an
d
o
u
tco
m
e
a
f
f
o
r
d
s
b
ett
er
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
.
Ge
n
er
all
y
d
o
m
in
o
lo
g
ic
g
ates
co
n
s
u
m
e
h
i
g
h
d
y
n
a
m
ic
s
w
itch
in
g
ac
ti
v
it
y
an
d
lea
k
a
g
e
p
o
w
e
r
b
u
t
ex
h
ib
its
lo
w
n
o
is
e
i
m
m
u
n
it
y
i
n
co
m
p
ar
is
o
n
w
it
h
s
tatic
C
MO
S
[
5
]
.
T
h
e
d
o
m
i
n
o
lo
g
ic
cir
cu
its
ar
e
w
id
el
y
u
s
ed
in
d
i
g
ital
d
es
ig
n
ap
p
licatio
n
s
f
o
r
its
p
o
w
er
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8708
I
J
E
C
E
Vo
l.
7
,
No
.
5
,
Octo
b
er
201
7
:
24
68
–
2
4
7
3
2470
ef
f
icien
c
y
.
T
h
e
id
ea
o
f
th
e
n
e
w
l
y
d
esi
g
n
ed
tec
h
n
iq
u
e
is
t
o
co
n
s
u
m
e
les
s
p
o
w
er
an
d
to
o
v
er
co
m
e
co
n
f
lict
p
r
o
b
lem
,
w
h
ic
h
r
es
u
lt
s
i
n
r
ed
u
ce
d
p
o
w
er
d
i
s
s
ip
atio
n
an
d
o
f
f
er
s
h
i
g
h
n
o
is
e
i
m
m
u
n
it
y
.
T
h
e
o
u
tco
m
es
o
f
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
d
esig
n
s
h
o
w
s
lo
w
p
o
w
er
co
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
a
n
d
cir
cu
it s
p
ee
d
is
in
cr
ea
s
ed
s
ig
n
i
f
ica
n
tl
y
[
6
]
.
T
h
e
d
y
n
a
m
ic
g
ate
s
h
a
v
e
th
e
d
r
a
w
b
ac
k
o
f
lo
w
n
o
is
e
m
ar
g
i
n
in
co
m
p
ar
is
o
n
w
it
h
s
ta
n
d
ar
d
s
tatic
lo
g
ic
g
ates.
T
h
e
p
r
o
b
le
m
ca
n
b
e
r
e
s
o
lv
ed
b
y
i
n
tr
o
d
u
cin
g
P
MO
S
k
ee
p
er
tr
an
s
is
to
r
in
t
h
e
p
u
l
l
u
p
n
e
t
w
o
r
k
w
h
ic
h
b
alan
ce
s
t
h
e
s
u
b
t
h
r
esh
o
ld
c
u
r
r
en
t
o
f
p
u
ll
d
o
w
n
N
MO
S
n
et
w
o
r
k
.
A
c
u
r
r
en
t
co
m
p
ar
is
o
n
b
ased
d
o
m
i
n
o
lo
g
ic
cir
cu
it
w
a
s
d
esi
g
n
ed
to
tr
ac
k
t
h
e
t
h
r
es
h
o
ld
v
o
lta
g
e
v
ar
iatio
n
u
s
in
g
s
i
n
g
le
cu
r
r
e
n
t
m
ir
r
o
r
in
th
e
d
y
n
a
m
ic
n
o
d
e.
T
h
e
p
ar
asit
ic
ca
p
ac
itan
ce
also
r
ed
u
ce
d
s
i
g
n
i
f
ican
t
l
y
o
n
th
e
d
y
n
a
m
ic
n
o
d
e
[
7
]
.
I
n
e
n
er
g
y
ef
f
icien
c
y
an
d
h
i
g
h
s
p
ee
d
o
p
er
ati
o
n
cir
cu
it
d
esig
n
d
y
n
a
m
ic
lo
g
ic
s
t
y
les
h
av
e
b
ee
n
u
tili
ze
d
b
ec
au
s
e
o
f
it
s
u
s
a
g
e
o
f
tr
an
s
is
to
r
s
co
u
n
t
is
le
s
s
an
d
s
p
ee
d
y
co
m
p
ar
in
g
to
C
MO
S
lo
g
ic
cir
c
u
its
.
Du
e
to
its
less
n
o
is
e
to
ler
an
t
d
o
m
in
o
lo
g
ic
s
t
y
les
ar
e
n
o
t
ex
te
n
s
iv
e
l
y
u
s
ed
in
all
k
i
n
d
o
f
cir
cu
it
d
esi
g
n
[
8
]
.
T
h
e
d
y
n
a
m
ic
p
o
w
er
an
d
a
b
s
tain
i
n
g
r
eliab
ilit
y
p
r
o
b
lem
s
w
ill
b
e
r
ed
u
ce
d
w
h
e
n
th
e
p
o
w
er
s
u
p
p
l
y
v
o
lta
g
e
w
as
tr
i
m
m
ed
d
o
w
n
.
T
h
e
co
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
o
f
p
o
w
er
i
n
h
ig
h
l
y
p
er
f
o
r
m
i
n
g
cir
cu
it
s
h
a
s
cli
m
b
ed
to
th
e
le
v
el
w
h
er
e
it
en
f
o
r
ce
s
t
h
e
m
o
s
t
i
m
p
o
r
ta
n
t
li
m
itatio
n
to
th
e
r
is
in
g
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
a
n
d
f
u
n
c
t
io
n
alit
y
.
T
h
e
f
o
r
e
m
o
s
t
f
ac
to
r
in
C
MO
S
tec
h
n
o
lo
g
y
b
ased
d
esig
n
is
d
y
n
a
m
i
c
s
w
itc
h
in
g
p
o
w
er
w
h
ic
h
ca
n
b
e
r
ed
u
ce
d
b
y
r
ed
u
cin
g
t
h
e
s
u
p
p
ly
v
o
ltag
e
[
1
3
-
1
4
]
.
I
f
th
e
s
u
p
p
l
y
v
o
ltag
e
i
s
r
ed
u
ce
d
th
e
n
it
au
to
m
atica
ll
y
r
ed
u
ce
d
t
h
e
tr
an
s
is
to
r
c
u
r
r
en
t
w
h
ic
h
a
f
f
ec
ts
t
h
e
s
p
ee
d
o
f
t
h
e
cir
c
u
it.
T
h
e
th
r
es
h
o
ld
v
o
lta
g
es
ar
e
s
ca
led
d
o
w
n
s
o
t
h
at
it
w
i
ll
co
m
p
e
n
s
ate
th
e
s
p
ee
d
o
f
th
e
cir
cu
i
t
wh
ich
w
as
a
f
f
ec
te
d
b
ec
au
s
e
o
f
lo
w
er
i
n
g
th
e
s
u
p
p
ly
v
o
ltag
e.
I
t
also
h
elp
s
to
m
ai
n
tai
n
th
e
d
y
n
a
m
ic
p
o
w
er
co
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
w
it
h
s
u
f
f
icie
n
t
lev
e
l
w
it
h
o
u
t
a
f
f
ec
ti
n
g
t
h
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
o
f
t
h
e
cir
c
u
it.
A
s
a
r
es
u
lt
o
f
th
r
e
s
h
o
ld
v
o
ltag
e
r
ed
u
ctio
n
th
e
s
u
b
th
r
e
s
h
o
ld
leak
a
g
e
c
u
r
r
en
t
s
tar
ts
i
n
cr
ea
s
i
n
g
e
x
p
o
n
en
tiall
y
[
15
]
–
[
17
].
A
n
e
w
d
esi
g
n
tec
h
n
iq
u
e
i
s
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
f
o
r
lo
w
lea
k
a
g
e
a
n
d
n
o
is
e
i
m
m
u
n
e
f
o
r
w
id
e
f
a
n
-
in
d
o
m
in
o
cir
cu
its
.
T
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
d
esig
n
tech
n
iq
u
e
u
til
izes
th
e
p
u
ll
d
o
w
n
n
et
w
o
r
k
’
s
co
m
p
ar
is
o
n
a
n
d
d
if
f
er
en
ce
b
et
w
ee
n
th
e
s
w
itc
h
i
n
g
cu
r
r
en
t
o
f
th
e
ON
tr
an
s
is
to
r
a
n
d
lea
k
ag
e
cu
r
r
en
t
o
f
OFF
tr
an
s
is
to
r
to
h
a
v
e
a
co
n
tr
o
l
o
v
er
th
e
P
MO
S
k
ee
p
er
tr
an
s
is
to
r
.
T
h
e
r
esu
lts
r
ed
u
ce
t
h
e
co
n
f
lict
b
et
w
ee
n
p
u
ll
d
o
w
n
n
et
w
o
r
k
a
n
d
k
ee
p
er
tr
an
s
is
to
r
.
T
h
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
o
f
th
e
cu
r
r
e
n
t
m
ir
r
o
r
is
e
n
h
a
n
ce
d
d
u
e
to
th
e
u
s
a
g
e
o
f
s
tac
k
i
n
g
ef
f
ec
t
w
h
ic
h
r
ed
u
ce
s
t
h
e
leak
ag
e
cu
r
r
e
n
t
[
2
0
-
2
1
]
.
T
h
e
C
MO
S
d
o
m
i
n
o
cir
cu
it
i
s
d
es
ig
n
ed
w
it
h
a
s
in
g
le
clo
ck
ed
g
e
to
tu
r
n
o
n
all
t
h
e
g
ates
i
n
th
e
cir
cu
it
s
at
o
n
ce
w
h
ich
i
n
v
o
lv
e
th
e
d
y
n
a
m
ic
g
ate
s
in
it.
B
ec
au
s
e
o
f
th
i
s
co
m
p
le
x
clo
ck
i
n
g
s
c
h
e
m
e
is
av
o
id
ed
an
d
co
m
p
lete
in
h
er
en
t
s
p
ee
d
o
f
th
e
d
y
n
a
m
ic
g
ate
is
u
til
ized
.
So
th
is
m
ak
e
s
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
d
esig
n
is
s
ig
n
i
f
ica
n
t in
w
h
ic
h
g
a
tes ar
e
co
m
p
le
x
an
d
h
av
e
h
i
g
h
f
a
n
-
o
u
t [
22
]
–
[
23
].
2.
RE
S
E
ARCH
M
E
T
H
O
D
I
n
t
h
is
s
ec
tio
n
,
th
e
d
esi
g
n
a
n
d
i
m
p
le
m
e
n
tatio
n
o
f
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
lo
g
ic
w
i
th
an
d
w
ith
o
u
t
k
ee
p
er
ar
e
ex
p
lain
ed
w
it
h
its
p
r
o
ce
s
s
.
He
r
e,
th
e
d
esig
n
o
f
th
e
lo
g
ic
i
s
ca
r
r
ied
o
u
t
w
ith
t
h
e
co
m
b
i
n
atio
n
o
f
C
C
D
lo
g
ic
a
n
d
C
HSK
d
o
m
in
o
lo
g
ic.
T
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
cir
cu
it
is
d
esi
g
n
ed
an
d
i
m
p
le
m
e
n
ted
to
ex
h
ib
it
t
h
e
b
et
ter
i
m
p
r
o
v
e
m
e
n
t
i
n
ter
m
s
o
f
p
o
w
er
co
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
,
f
aster
an
d
l
es
s
i
m
m
u
n
i
t
y
o
f
n
o
is
e.
I
n
o
r
d
e
r
to
o
v
er
co
m
e
th
e
ex
is
ti
n
g
i
s
s
u
es,
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
cir
cu
it
is
d
es
ig
n
ed
b
y
co
m
b
i
n
in
g
t
h
e
C
HSK
i
n
co
m
p
a
n
y
w
it
h
C
C
D
a
n
d
m
o
r
e
tr
an
s
is
to
r
s
ar
e
co
n
n
ec
ted
in
s
er
ies.
T
h
e
f
lo
w
o
f
in
p
u
t te
r
m
i
n
al
to
th
e
o
u
tp
u
t
ter
m
i
n
al
is
co
n
s
id
er
ed
in
ev
a
l
u
atio
n
p
h
ase.
T
h
e
C
HSK
d
o
m
i
n
o
lo
g
ic
an
d
C
C
D
lo
g
ic
ar
e
co
m
b
i
n
ed
a
n
d
t
h
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
i
s
co
n
s
id
er
ed
as
p
er
th
e
lo
g
ic,
in
w
h
ich
th
e
C
H
SK
i
s
b
ased
o
n
th
e
C
C
D
lo
g
ic.
T
h
e
co
n
tr
o
l
f
lo
w
o
f
t
h
e
cir
c
u
it
a
n
d
th
e
r
ed
u
ctio
n
o
f
n
o
is
e
i
m
m
u
n
it
y
r
ed
u
ctio
n
ar
e
i
m
p
r
o
v
ed
b
y
i
m
p
le
m
e
n
ti
n
g
th
e
C
C
D
i
n
t
h
e
C
H
SK.
A
cc
o
r
d
in
g
to
t
h
e
lar
g
e
s
ize
o
f
d
y
n
a
m
ic
n
o
d
e
ca
p
ac
ita
n
c
e
th
e
s
p
ee
d
is
d
ec
r
ea
s
ed
d
r
a
m
atica
ll
y
.
T
h
e
h
ig
h
s
p
ee
d
d
o
m
i
n
o
lo
g
ic
an
d
co
n
d
itio
n
al
k
ee
p
er
d
o
m
in
o
lo
g
ic
h
as
b
ee
n
co
m
b
i
n
e
to
g
eth
e
r
to
o
b
tain
th
e
lo
g
ic
c
ir
cu
it
o
f
C
HS
K.
I
n
C
HS
K
,
th
e
MU
X
f
u
n
ctio
n
is
u
s
ed
as
a
r
ep
lace
m
e
n
t
f
o
r
o
f
O
R
lo
g
ic
g
ate.
T
h
e
r
esu
lts
p
r
o
d
u
ce
b
et
ter
n
o
is
e
i
m
m
u
n
it
y
an
d
th
e
r
ap
id
p
r
o
ce
s
s
w
as a
c
h
i
ev
ed
.
Fig
u
r
e
2
s
h
o
w
s
t
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
cir
cu
it sch
e
m
at
ic
d
iag
r
a
m
.
F
ig
u
re
2
S
c
h
e
m
a
ti
c
Dia
g
ra
m
o
f
CCD b
a
se
d
CHSK
w
it
h
Ke
e
p
e
r
F
ig
u
re
3
S
c
h
e
m
a
ti
c
Dia
g
ra
m
o
f
CCD b
a
se
d
CHSK
w
it
h
o
u
t
Ke
e
p
e
r
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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C
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r
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a
r
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s
o
n
Do
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o
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a
s
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K
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Lo
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ic
Tech
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r
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a
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J.
Mu
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Fig
u
r
e
2
s
h
o
w
s
t
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s
ch
e
m
atic
d
iag
r
a
m
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f
t
h
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C
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b
ased
C
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w
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h
Kee
p
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F
ig
u
r
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3
s
h
o
ws
th
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c
h
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m
atic
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a
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t
h
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C
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b
ased
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H
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w
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th
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u
t
K
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p
er
.
I
n
th
e
e
v
al
u
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p
h
ase
,
th
e
as
s
u
m
p
tio
n
o
f
clo
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s
ig
n
al
is
co
n
s
id
er
ed
if
th
e
n
o
d
e
is
lo
w
,
th
e
n
it
is
s
a
id
to
b
e
in
s
tan
d
b
y
m
o
d
e.
D
u
r
in
g
th
e
p
r
ec
h
ar
g
e
m
o
d
e,
t
h
e
P
MO
S
tr
an
s
is
to
r
w
i
ll
tu
r
n
o
f
f
d
u
e
to
s
w
ap
p
in
g
o
f
clo
ck
s
i
g
n
al
f
r
o
m
lo
w
to
h
i
g
h
.
B
y
t
u
r
n
i
n
g
o
f
f
t
h
e
P
MO
S
tr
an
s
is
to
r
th
e
s
o
u
r
ce
v
o
ltag
e
w
i
ll
g
e
t
d
ec
r
ea
s
ed
.
A
l
s
o
,
th
e
s
u
b
th
r
e
s
h
o
ld
o
f
c
u
r
r
en
t
lea
k
ag
e
w
i
ll
d
ec
r
ea
s
e
b
y
m
ea
n
s
o
f
t
h
e
s
ta
ck
in
g
e
f
f
ec
ts
a
n
d
th
e
s
o
u
r
ce
v
o
ltag
e
o
f
g
ate
w
i
ll
d
ec
r
ea
s
e
if
t
h
e
d
ir
ec
t
cu
r
r
en
t
v
o
ltag
e
is
i
n
cr
ea
s
ed
.
I
n
C
C
D
lo
g
ic,
t
h
e
tr
a
n
s
i
s
to
r
o
f
k
ee
p
er
is
u
p
s
ized
a
n
d
i
m
p
r
o
v
es
th
e
r
o
b
u
s
tn
e
s
s
o
f
n
o
is
e,
d
elay
a
n
d
p
o
w
er
co
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
d
u
e
to
lar
g
e
c
o
n
f
lict.
I
n
o
r
d
er
to
o
v
er
co
m
e
t
h
is
is
s
u
e,
t
h
e
f
u
n
ct
io
n
o
f
lo
g
ic
is
i
m
p
le
m
en
ted
an
d
t
h
e
tr
an
s
i
s
to
r
s
ep
ar
ated
th
e
f
u
n
ctio
n
s
,
t
h
en
it
co
m
p
ar
es
w
it
h
th
e
lea
k
ag
e
o
f
cu
r
r
en
t
in
w
o
r
s
t
ca
s
e.
I
n
o
r
d
er
to
d
ec
r
ea
s
e
th
e
co
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
o
f
p
o
w
er
t
h
e
r
ef
er
en
ce
c
u
r
r
en
t
i
s
ad
d
ed
w
i
th
t
h
e
tr
a
n
s
i
s
to
r
in
s
er
ies d
u
r
i
n
g
t
h
e
v
o
lta
g
e
f
all
t
o
g
r
o
u
n
d
.
T
h
en
t
h
e
r
ef
er
e
n
ce
v
o
lta
g
e
g
e
n
er
atin
g
is
an
o
t
h
er
is
s
u
e
w
h
ic
h
v
ar
ies
th
e
c
u
r
r
en
t
r
e
f
er
en
ce
as
p
er
t
h
e
f
lo
w
o
f
cir
cu
it
i
n
o
r
d
er
to
p
r
eser
v
e
t
h
e
cir
cu
it
r
o
b
u
s
t
n
es
s
.
T
h
e
ef
f
ec
ts
o
n
t
h
r
es
h
o
ld
v
o
lta
g
e
w
il
l
a
f
f
ec
t
t
h
e
g
ate
s
p
ee
d
,
n
o
is
e
i
m
m
u
n
it
y
a
n
d
th
e
p
o
w
er
co
n
s
u
m
p
t
io
n
ac
co
r
d
in
g
l
y
.
I
n
th
e
p
r
e
d
is
ch
ar
g
e
p
h
ase
o
f
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
e
d
cir
cu
it,
t
h
e
clo
ck
v
o
lta
g
e
a
n
d
th
e
i
n
p
u
t
s
i
g
n
a
l
is
in
th
e
lev
el
o
f
lo
w
a
n
d
h
i
g
h
r
esp
ec
ti
v
el
y
.
T
h
e
d
y
n
a
m
ic
n
o
d
e
an
d
v
o
lta
g
e
f
al
len
to
t
h
e
le
v
el
o
f
lo
w
b
y
th
e
d
i
s
ch
ar
g
e
m
o
d
e
o
f
tr
an
s
is
to
r
an
d
r
is
e
to
h
ig
h
b
y
t
h
e
p
r
e
-
c
h
ar
g
e
m
o
d
e.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
th
e
tr
a
n
s
i
s
to
r
w
ill
b
e
o
n
a
n
d
o
f
f
ac
co
r
d
in
g
to
th
e
f
lo
w
o
f
t
h
e
cir
cu
it
to
p
r
o
v
id
e
o
u
tp
u
t.
Her
e,
th
e
in
v
er
ter
o
u
tp
u
t
w
ill r
aised
th
e
o
u
tp
u
t v
o
lta
g
e
to
th
e
le
v
el
o
f
h
i
g
h
.
I
n
th
e
e
v
al
u
atio
n
p
h
ase
o
f
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
cir
cu
it,
th
e
v
o
ltag
e
clo
c
k
w
ill
b
e
h
ig
h
a
n
d
th
e
i
n
p
u
t
will
b
e
lo
w
.
Her
e,
th
e
d
i
s
ch
ar
g
e
an
d
th
e
p
r
e
-
ch
ar
g
e
w
i
ll
b
e
in
o
f
f
m
o
d
e
an
d
r
em
ai
n
i
n
g
w
i
ll
b
e
in
o
n
m
o
d
e.
A
l
s
o
,
th
e
tr
an
s
i
s
to
r
k
ee
p
er
ca
n
b
e
o
f
f
a
n
d
o
n
ac
co
r
d
in
g
to
th
e
v
o
ltag
e
o
f
in
p
u
t.
So
t
h
e
s
tate
s
o
cc
u
r
r
ed
ar
e
as
s
tate
th
at
r
e
m
ain
s
t
h
e
i
n
p
u
t
s
ig
n
al
at
h
i
g
h
lev
e
l
a
n
d
an
o
t
h
er
is
at
lea
s
t
o
n
e
i
n
p
u
t
w
ill
b
e
i
n
t
h
e
le
v
el
o
f
lo
w
.
D
u
r
i
n
g
t
h
e
h
ig
h
le
v
el,
th
e
v
o
lta
g
e
is
r
ec
o
g
n
ized
ac
r
o
s
s
tr
an
s
is
to
r
b
ec
au
s
e
o
f
cu
r
r
en
t
leak
a
g
e
an
d
also
it
is
m
ir
r
o
r
ed
b
y
th
e
n
ex
t
tr
a
n
s
i
s
to
r
.
I
f
th
e
k
ee
p
er
is
in
an
o
th
er
s
ta
g
e
th
e
n
it
r
e
m
u
n
er
ated
th
e
cu
r
r
en
t
lea
k
ag
e
e
m
u
lated
.
So
th
at,
th
e
m
ir
r
o
r
r
atio
is
in
cr
ea
s
es
th
e
s
p
ee
d
b
ec
au
s
e
o
f
th
e
cu
r
r
en
t
co
p
ied
h
ig
h
er
at
th
e
d
eg
r
ad
atio
n
ex
p
en
s
e
o
f
n
o
is
e
i
m
m
u
n
it
y
.
3.
RE
SU
L
T
S
A
ND
AN
AL
Y
SI
S
I
n
th
is
s
ec
tio
n
,
t
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
d
o
m
in
o
lo
g
ic
tec
h
n
iq
u
e
s
i
m
u
lat
io
n
r
esu
lts
a
n
d
an
a
l
y
s
is
o
f
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
c
e
m
etr
ics
ar
e
ca
r
r
ied
o
u
t
w
i
th
t
h
e
co
m
p
ar
is
o
n
o
f
e
x
i
s
tin
g
d
o
m
in
o
lo
g
ic
tec
h
n
iq
u
es.
T
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
d
o
m
i
n
o
lo
g
ic
tech
n
iq
u
e
c
ir
cu
it
an
al
y
s
is
is
s
i
m
u
lated
a
t
o
p
er
atin
g
v
o
ltag
e
o
f
0
.
7
Vo
lts
.
T
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
cir
cu
it
’
s
g
ar
b
ag
e
in
p
u
t/o
u
tp
u
t
is
co
n
s
u
m
m
a
te
u
s
in
g
t
h
e
v
ir
tu
o
s
o
to
o
l o
f
t
h
e
ca
d
en
ce
an
d
t
h
e
o
u
tp
u
t
s
ar
e
s
i
m
u
lated
.
T
h
e
an
al
y
s
i
s
o
f
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
d
o
m
in
o
lo
g
ic
s
h
o
w
s
th
e
i
m
p
r
o
v
e
m
en
t
i
n
t
h
e
r
ed
u
ctio
n
o
f
p
o
w
er
co
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
an
d
n
o
is
e
i
m
m
u
n
it
y
.
Als
o
,
t
h
e
o
p
er
atio
n
m
o
d
e
a
n
d
lo
g
ic
cir
cu
it c
o
m
p
a
r
is
o
n
w
i
th
ex
is
ti
n
g
s
y
s
te
m
i
s
d
ef
i
n
ed
to
p
r
o
v
e
t
h
e
ef
f
icien
c
y
a
n
d
b
etter
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
.
T
h
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
m
e
tr
ics
co
m
p
ar
is
o
n
w
as
ca
r
r
ied
o
u
t
w
it
h
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
d
o
m
i
n
o
lo
g
ic
an
d
d
i
f
f
er
e
n
t
t
y
p
es
o
f
ex
is
ti
n
g
d
o
m
i
n
o
lo
g
ic
a
n
d
th
e
v
al
u
es
w
er
e
ill
u
s
tr
ated
.
T
ab
le
1
s
h
o
w
s
t
h
e
co
m
p
ar
is
o
n
o
f
v
ar
io
u
s
d
o
m
i
n
o
lo
g
ic
cir
cu
it
s
w
it
h
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
d
o
m
in
o
lo
g
ic.
T
ab
le
1
C
o
m
p
ar
is
o
n
o
f
Var
io
u
s
Do
m
i
n
o
L
o
g
ic
C
ir
c
u
its
w
i
th
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
d
o
m
i
n
o
lo
g
ic
D
o
mi
n
o
C
i
r
c
u
i
t
N
o
o
f
T
r
a
n
si
st
o
r
s
P
o
w
e
r
(
μw
)
D
e
l
a
y
(
n
s)
U
N
G
(
v
)
P
D
P
(
μw
*
n
s)
*
1
0
-
3
S
t
a
n
d
a
r
d
f
o
o
t
l
e
ss
36
2
8
6
.
4
1
2
7
.
8
0
.
2
6
2
5
7
.
9
6
F
S
D
42
4
8
.
2
5
7
8
.
0
3
0
.
5
2
9
3
3
.
5
3
M
D
N
D
46
52
7
7
.
5
4
0
.
4
6
2
5
4
.
4
9
7
M
D
F
S
D
46
89
7
9
.
0
2
0
.
4
2
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7
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H
S
D
o
mi
n
o
42
5
1
8
.
8
9
2
7
.
5
9
0
.
2
6
1
9
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4
.
3
1
8
C
o
n
d
i
t
i
o
n
a
l
k
e
e
p
e
r
47
5
4
0
.
6
7
3
1
.
7
2
0
.
2
7
7
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7
.
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5
3
P
r
o
p
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se
d
H
S
D
o
mi
n
o
10
3
3
5
.
4
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5
0
.
3
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1
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1
.
6
7
7
P
r
o
p
o
se
d
C
K
D
o
mi
n
o
16
2
1
7
.
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1
12
0
.
5
2
9
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2
.
6
1
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C
H
S
K
w
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23
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9
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1
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9
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3
0
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7
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1
6
6
C
H
S
K
–
C
C
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w
i
t
h
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e
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p
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r
17
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4
C
H
S
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17
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5
6
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8708
I
J
E
C
E
Vo
l.
7
,
No
.
5
,
Octo
b
er
201
7
:
24
68
–
2
4
7
3
2472
T
h
e
r
esu
lts
o
b
tain
ed
f
r
o
m
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
cir
cu
its
h
av
e
b
ee
n
ta
b
u
lated
an
d
co
m
p
ar
ed
w
it
h
t
h
e
ex
is
ti
n
g
cir
cu
its
a
n
d
it
s
g
r
ap
h
ical
r
ep
r
esen
tat
io
n
h
as
b
ee
n
p
lo
tted
.
T
h
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
m
etr
ics
lik
e
T
r
an
s
is
to
r
C
o
u
n
t
,
o
w
er
,
Dela
y
a
n
d
U
n
it
y
No
is
e
Gain
ar
e
in
cl
u
d
ed
f
o
r
t
h
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
m
ea
s
u
r
e
m
en
t.
Fi
g
.
5
s
h
o
w
s
t
h
e
g
r
ap
h
ical
r
ep
r
esen
tatio
n
o
f
t
h
e
d
o
m
i
n
o
lo
g
ic
s
t
y
les a
n
d
tr
an
s
i
s
to
r
co
u
n
t.
Fig
u
r
e
5
.
Do
m
in
o
L
o
g
ic
S
t
y
le
Vs T
r
an
s
is
to
r
C
o
u
n
t
Fig
u
r
e
6
.
Do
m
in
o
L
o
g
ic
S
t
y
le
Vs P
o
w
er
Fig
u
r
e
7
.
Do
m
in
o
L
o
g
ic
S
t
y
le
Vs De
la
y
Fig
u
r
e
8
.
Do
m
in
o
L
o
g
ic
S
t
y
le
Vs Un
i
t
y
No
i
s
e
Gain
4.
CO
NCLU
SI
O
N
I
n
t
h
is
p
ap
er
,
a
n
e
w
cir
cu
it
te
ch
n
iq
u
e
o
f
C
HSK
–
C
C
D
lo
g
ic
is
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
to
p
r
o
v
id
e
b
etter
r
o
b
u
s
t,
r
ed
u
ce
d
d
ela
y
,
e
n
h
a
n
ce
d
p
o
wer
co
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
a
n
d
u
n
it
y
n
o
is
e
g
ain
.
T
h
e
i
n
ten
t
o
f
t
h
e
cir
c
u
it
is
to
attai
n
a
les
s
leak
ag
e
cu
r
r
e
n
t a
n
d
les
s
p
o
w
e
r
co
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
.
T
h
e
r
ed
u
ctio
n
in
d
ela
y
a
n
d
p
o
w
er
co
n
s
u
m
p
ti
o
n
is
ca
r
r
ied
o
u
t b
y
co
m
b
i
n
i
n
g
C
HSK
a
n
d
C
C
D
l
o
g
ic.
T
h
e
s
i
m
u
latio
n
r
esu
lts
o
f
t
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
d
o
m
i
n
o
lo
g
i
c
cir
cu
it
s
h
o
w
s
t
h
e
an
a
l
y
s
is
o
f
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
m
etr
i
cs
li
k
e
P
o
w
er
,
De
la
y
,
T
r
an
s
i
s
t
o
r
C
o
u
n
t,
P
o
w
er
Dela
y
P
r
o
d
u
ct
an
d
U
n
it
y
No
is
e
Gain
.
Fro
m
t
h
e
a
n
al
y
s
is
o
f
t
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
cir
cu
it
r
aises
t
h
e
cir
cu
it
e
f
f
icie
n
c
y
w
it
h
t
h
e
r
ed
u
ctio
n
i
n
n
o
is
e
i
m
m
u
n
it
y
a
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8
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Co
m
p
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ter Res
e
a
rc
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&
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p
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l.
2
,
2
1
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2
6
.
[2
2
]
Kra
m
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c
k
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,
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w H
,
Hig
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it
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IEE
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7
(1
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8
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–
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[2
3
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M
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,
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ry
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le
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st.
,
V
o
l.
1
0
(2
0
0
2
),
7
1
-
7
8
.
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