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g
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f
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u
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w
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ter
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p
licatio
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to
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as
s
ta
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ted
as
ea
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th
e
1
9
7
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s
[
1
]
.
Sp
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if
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,
w
a
v
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en
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t
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s
tr
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v
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f
2
6
m
[
2
]
.
Desp
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h
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r
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ted
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n
[
3
]
.
On
e
o
f
th
e
m
ain
c
h
alle
n
g
e
s
t
o
im
p
le
m
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n
t
an
u
n
d
er
w
a
ter
OW
C
(
UOW
C
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is
th
e
ef
f
ec
t
o
f
s
ca
tter
in
g
th
at
ca
u
s
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m
p
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d
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ev
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n
t
u
all
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m
it
t
h
e
b
an
d
w
id
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f
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h
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li
n
k
s
.
Ma
n
y
w
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h
a
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b
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n
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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N
:
2
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8
8
-
8708
I
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t J
E
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&
C
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m
p
E
n
g
,
Vo
l.
8
,
No
.
4
,
A
u
g
u
s
t
201
8
:
2
5
7
1
–
2
5
7
7
2572
don
e
to
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
an
d
ch
ar
a
cter
is
e
th
e
ef
f
ec
t
o
f
s
ca
tter
in
g
.
I
n
[
4
]
,
a
ca
teg
o
r
is
atio
n
o
f
th
e
en
er
g
y
tr
a
n
s
p
o
r
t
r
eg
io
n
f
o
r
t
h
e
b
l
u
e
-
g
r
ee
n
p
u
l
s
ed
laser
t
h
r
o
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g
h
f
o
g
in
th
e
at
m
o
s
p
h
er
e
h
as
b
ee
n
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
.
I
n
[
5
]
,
[
6
]
,
an
eq
u
atio
n
i
s
u
s
ed
to
esti
m
ate
t
h
e
tr
an
s
itio
n
p
o
in
t
f
r
o
m
a
n
u
n
s
ca
tter
ed
r
eg
io
n
to
a
m
u
ltip
l
e
s
ca
tter
in
g
r
e
g
io
n
s
,
w
h
ic
h
is
b
e
n
ef
icial
to
p
r
ed
ict
th
e
d
is
ta
n
ce
w
h
er
e
th
e
b
an
d
w
i
d
th
w
ill b
e
li
m
ited
.
I
t is p
r
ed
ic
ted
th
at
t
h
e
ch
a
n
n
el
b
an
d
w
id
t
h
o
f
s
ev
er
al
o
r
d
er
o
f
GHz
ca
n
b
e
s
u
p
p
o
r
ted
w
h
e
n
th
e
lin
k
is
o
p
er
atin
g
i
n
m
i
n
i
m
al
s
ca
tter
in
g
r
eg
io
n
w
h
er
e
u
n
s
ca
tter
ed
li
g
h
t
d
o
m
i
n
ates.
An
e
x
p
er
i
m
en
tal
w
o
r
k
co
n
d
u
cted
i
n
[
6
]
h
a
s
s
h
o
w
n
th
at
th
e
tr
an
s
itio
n
p
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in
t
o
b
tain
ed
f
o
r
co
lli
m
ated
b
ea
m
m
a
tch
ed
t
h
e
w
o
r
k
i
n
[
4
]
.
Sev
er
al
p
ap
er
s
also
h
i
g
h
l
ig
h
ted
t
h
e
i
m
p
o
r
ta
n
ce
o
f
id
en
ti
f
y
in
g
t
h
e
o
p
er
atin
g
r
eg
io
n
o
f
u
n
d
er
w
ater
li
n
k
s
[
7
]
,
[
8
]
.
Fo
r
ex
a
m
p
le,
in
t
h
e
d
esi
g
n
o
f
r
ela
y
as
s
is
ted
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
o
r
m
u
lti
-
h
o
p
c
o
o
p
er
ativ
e
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
,
it
is
cr
u
cial
to
d
eter
m
in
e
th
e
p
la
ce
m
en
t
o
f
t
h
e
r
ela
y
n
o
d
es
i
n
o
r
d
er
to
o
p
ti
m
ize
t
h
e
o
v
er
all
en
d
-
to
-
e
n
d
li
n
k
s
.
T
h
u
s
,
t
h
is
p
ap
er
w
il
l
f
o
cu
s
o
n
t
h
e
s
i
m
u
la
tio
n
o
f
d
if
f
u
s
e
li
n
k
s
to
in
v
e
s
ti
g
ate
t
h
e
s
ca
tter
in
g
b
eh
av
io
r
in
t
h
r
ee
t
y
p
es
o
f
w
ater
a
s
n
o
n
e
o
f
th
e
p
r
ev
io
u
s
w
o
r
k
in
v
e
s
ti
g
ates
th
e
s
ca
tter
i
n
g
r
eg
i
m
e
f
o
r
th
e
d
i
f
f
u
s
e
li
n
k
s
.
T
h
e
r
e
m
ain
d
er
o
f
th
i
s
p
ap
er
is
o
r
g
an
i
s
e
d
as
f
o
llo
w
s
:
S
u
b
s
ec
tio
n
1
.
1
an
d
1
.
2
p
r
ese
n
t
a
b
r
ief
i
n
tr
o
d
u
ctio
n
to
u
n
d
er
w
ater
o
p
tical
p
r
o
p
er
ties
a
n
d
ch
a
n
n
el
m
o
d
el.
Sectio
n
2
d
escr
ib
es
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
s
y
s
te
m
b
ased
o
n
Mo
n
te
C
ar
lo
(
MC)
s
i
m
u
la
tio
n
.
Af
t
er
w
ar
d
s
,
n
u
m
er
ica
l
r
esu
lt
s
an
d
k
e
y
f
in
d
i
n
g
s
ar
e
d
is
cu
s
s
ed
in
Sec
tio
n
4
.
Fin
a
ll
y
,
Sectio
n
5
co
n
clu
d
e
s
th
e
w
o
r
k
.
1
.
1
.
O
ptic
a
l
p
r
o
pert
ies
T
h
e
t
w
o
m
aj
o
r
o
p
tical
p
r
o
p
er
t
ies
t
h
at
a
tten
u
ate
w
ater
ar
e
ab
s
o
r
p
tio
n
an
d
s
ca
tter
i
n
g
.
A
b
s
o
r
p
tio
n
is
a
p
r
o
ce
s
s
w
h
e
n
t
h
e
p
h
o
to
n
e
n
er
g
y
i
s
lo
s
t
d
u
e
to
t
h
e
tr
a
n
s
f
er
o
f
e
n
er
g
y
d
u
r
in
g
t
h
e
i
n
t
er
ac
tio
n
w
it
h
w
ater
m
o
lecu
le
s
a
n
d
p
ar
ticles.
Scatt
er
in
g
i
s
a
p
r
o
ce
s
s
w
h
er
e
a
p
h
o
to
n
’
s
p
ath
i
s
d
ef
lecte
d
d
u
e
to
t
h
e
i
n
ter
ac
tio
n
w
i
th
a
p
ar
ticu
late
m
atter
in
w
ater
[
9
]
.
T
h
is
p
r
o
ce
s
s
ca
u
s
es
s
p
atial
d
is
p
er
s
io
n
th
at
r
ed
u
ce
s
t
h
e
s
i
g
n
al
-
to
-
n
o
i
s
e
r
atio
(
SNR
)
d
u
e
to
t
h
e
l
ig
h
t
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
s
o
u
r
ce
s
p
r
ea
d
s
o
u
t
i
n
s
p
ac
e
an
d
ca
u
s
e
s
a
r
ed
u
ctio
n
o
f
th
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
p
h
o
to
n
s
co
llected
at
th
e
r
ec
eiv
er
.
A
d
d
i
tio
n
all
y
,
s
ca
tter
i
n
g
al
s
o
ca
u
s
e
s
te
m
p
o
r
al
d
is
p
er
s
io
n
w
h
ic
h
r
esu
lt
s
f
r
o
m
d
i
f
f
er
en
t
ti
m
e
o
f
ar
r
iv
al
o
f
p
h
o
to
n
s
at
th
e
r
ec
eiv
er
.
T
h
is
w
ill
li
m
i
t
th
e
ch
an
n
el
b
an
d
w
id
th
a
v
ailab
le
f
o
r
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
d
u
e
to
t
h
e
i
n
tr
o
d
u
ctio
n
o
f
i
n
te
r
-
s
y
m
b
o
l
-
i
n
ter
f
er
e
n
ce
[
1
0
]
.
B
o
th
o
f
t
h
ese
e
f
f
ec
ts
ar
e
w
a
v
ele
n
g
t
h
d
ep
en
d
en
t
a
n
d
ar
e
g
en
er
all
y
r
ep
r
esen
ted
b
y
t
h
e
atte
n
u
at
io
n
co
ef
f
ic
ien
t
c
wh
ich
is
t
h
e
s
u
m
m
atio
n
o
f
ab
s
o
r
p
tio
n
co
ef
f
ic
ien
t
a
,
an
d
s
ca
tter
in
g
co
ef
f
icie
n
t
b
.
C
o
ef
f
icie
n
t
v
alu
e
s
f
o
r
d
if
f
er
en
t
w
ater
h
a
v
e
b
ee
n
estab
li
s
h
ed
i
n
th
e
liter
at
u
r
e
an
d
ar
e
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
T
ab
le
1
[
1
1
]
,
[
1
2
]
.
T
ab
le
1
.
Op
tical
P
r
o
p
er
ties
of
t
h
r
ee
T
y
p
es
o
f
Wa
ter
W
a
t
e
r
t
y
p
e
a
(m
-
1
)
b
(m
-
1
)
c
(m
-
1
)
C
l
e
a
n
w
a
t
e
r
0
.
1
1
4
0
.
0
3
7
0
.
1
5
1
C
o
a
st
a
l
w
a
t
e
r
0
.
1
7
9
0
.
2
1
9
0
.
3
9
8
T
u
r
b
i
d
w
a
t
e
r
0
.
3
6
6
1
.
8
2
4
2
.
1
9
1
.
2
.
Cha
nn
el
m
o
del
On
e
o
f
t
h
e
ch
al
len
g
es
i
n
u
n
d
er
w
ater
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
t
is
to
estab
lis
h
a
u
n
iv
er
s
al
an
al
y
tica
l
m
o
d
el
to
p
r
ed
ict
th
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
o
f
U
OW
C
lin
k
s
.
W
h
ile
t
h
e
w
o
r
k
o
n
th
i
s
asp
ec
t
co
n
ti
n
u
es
,
s
e
v
e
r
al
r
esear
ch
er
s
h
a
v
e
u
tili
s
e
d
B
ee
r
-
L
a
m
b
er
t
(
B
L
)
la
w
d
u
e
to
its
s
i
m
p
lici
t
y
.
B
y
u
s
i
n
g
B
L
la
w
,
th
e
r
ec
eiv
ed
p
o
w
e
r
ca
n
b
e
ca
lcu
la
ted
as [
9
]
.
e
x
p
(
(
)
)
o
P
P
c
z
(
1)
W
h
er
e
P
O
is
th
e
tr
an
s
m
itted
p
o
w
er
,
z
is
t
h
e
p
ath
le
n
g
th
a
n
d
c(
)
i
s
th
e
b
ea
m
a
tten
u
atio
n
c
o
ef
f
icie
n
t.
T
h
e
b
ea
m
atte
n
u
at
io
n
co
ef
f
ici
en
t,
c(
)
is
ca
lc
u
lated
u
s
in
g
)
(
)
(
)
(
b
a
c
(
2
)
W
h
er
e
a(
)
is
th
e
ab
s
o
r
p
tio
n
co
ef
f
icie
n
t
a
n
d
b(
)
is
t
h
e
s
c
atter
in
g
co
ef
f
icien
t.
I
t
ca
n
b
e
s
ee
n
f
r
o
m
E
q
u
atio
n
s
(
1
)
an
d
(
2
)
t
h
at
t
h
e
B
L
l
a
w
o
n
l
y
co
n
s
id
er
s
th
e
att
en
u
at
io
n
d
u
e
to
th
e
ab
s
o
r
p
tio
n
a
n
d
t
h
e
s
ca
tter
i
n
g
an
d
d
o
es
n
o
t
co
n
s
id
er
an
y
re
-
s
ca
t
ter
ed
lig
h
t
th
a
t
co
n
t
r
ib
u
ted
to
th
e
r
ec
eiv
ed
p
o
wer
.
As
a
r
es
u
lt,
it
u
n
d
er
esti
m
ate
s
th
e
p
o
w
er
r
ec
e
iv
ed
i
n
t
h
e
h
i
g
h
s
ca
tter
in
g
en
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
t
as
s
o
m
e
o
f
th
e
re
-
s
c
atter
ed
lig
h
t
w
ill
b
e
co
llected
b
y
t
h
e
r
ec
ei
v
er
.
F
u
r
th
e
r
m
o
r
e
,
B
L
l
a
w
o
n
l
y
ap
p
lies
to
co
lli
m
ated
b
ea
m
s
in
L
OS
li
n
k
s
.
An
o
t
h
er
alter
n
ati
v
e
in
m
o
d
eli
n
g
t
h
e
u
n
d
er
w
ater
ch
a
n
n
el
is
b
y
u
s
in
g
MC
n
u
m
er
ical
m
et
h
o
d
s
w
h
ich
is
r
eg
ar
d
ed
as
a
p
o
w
er
f
u
l
to
o
l
d
u
e
to
its
f
lex
ib
ilit
y
an
d
ac
cu
r
ac
y
.
Sev
er
a
l
w
o
r
k
s
u
s
i
n
g
MC
s
i
m
u
latio
n
in
m
o
d
eli
n
g
an
d
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J
E
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&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
I
SS
N:
2088
-
8708
S
ca
tter
in
g
R
eg
imes fo
r
Un
d
erw
a
ter O
p
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W
ir
e
less
C
o
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u
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ica
tio
n
s
u
s
in
g
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(
F
.
Ja
s
ma
n
)
2573
ch
ar
ac
ter
izatio
n
o
f
t
h
e
UO
W
C
h
a
v
e
b
ee
n
r
ep
o
r
ted
.
A
n
in
v
esti
g
atio
n
o
n
th
e
p
ath
l
o
s
s
an
d
th
e
c
h
a
n
n
e
l
b
an
d
w
id
t
h
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
o
f
co
lli
m
ated
l
in
k
s
h
a
s
b
ee
n
r
ep
o
r
ted
in
[
5
]
,
[
1
3
]
an
d
[
1
4
]
.
I
t
is
s
h
o
w
n
t
h
at
a
M
C
s
i
m
u
lat
io
n
ca
n
p
r
ed
ict
t
h
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
a
n
d
ca
p
ac
it
y
m
o
r
e
a
cc
u
r
atel
y
.
Si
m
ilar
l
y
,
s
e
v
er
al
w
o
r
k
s
o
n
m
o
d
elli
n
g
d
if
f
u
s
e
li
n
k
s
h
a
v
e
b
ee
n
r
ep
o
r
ted
.
Fo
r
ex
a
m
p
le
i
n
[
1
5
]
an
d
[
1
6
]
,
MC
s
i
m
u
latio
n
h
a
s
b
ee
n
u
tili
s
ed
to
m
o
d
el
t
h
e
i
m
p
u
l
s
e
r
esp
o
n
s
e
w
h
ic
h
w
as
u
s
ed
to
v
er
if
y
th
e
a
n
al
y
tical
eq
u
atio
n
o
f
th
e
i
m
p
u
ls
e
r
esp
o
n
s
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
.
2.
RE
S
E
ARCH
M
E
T
H
O
D
2
.
1
.
Si
m
ula
t
io
n
s
et
u
p
I
n
th
is
p
ap
er
,
MC
s
i
m
u
latio
n
i
s
u
s
ed
to
m
o
d
el
t
h
e
d
if
f
u
s
e
l
i
n
k
s
w
h
er
e
th
e
lig
h
t
b
ea
m
i
s
m
o
d
elled
as
th
e
co
n
tin
u
o
u
s
p
r
o
p
ag
atio
n
o
f
a
lar
g
e
g
r
o
u
p
o
f
p
h
o
to
n
s
.
A
s
et
o
f
p
r
o
b
ab
ilit
y
r
u
le
s
a
n
d
r
an
d
o
m
v
ar
iab
les
ar
e
u
s
ed
to
m
o
d
el
th
e
i
n
itial
b
ea
m
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
s
,
p
ath
len
g
t
h
a
n
d
s
ca
tter
i
n
g
an
g
le.
Fo
r
a
d
etailed
d
escr
ip
tio
n
o
f
Mo
n
te
C
ar
lo
s
i
m
u
la
tio
n
,
r
ea
d
er
s
ca
n
r
ef
er
to
[
5
]
an
d
[
1
7
]
.
T
h
r
ee
ty
p
es
o
f
w
ater
h
a
v
e
b
ee
n
co
n
s
id
er
ed
in
t
h
i
s
s
i
m
u
lat
io
n
:
c
le
ar
w
ater
,
co
asta
l
w
ater
a
n
d
tu
r
b
id
w
ater
.
T
h
e
d
is
tan
ce
b
et
w
ee
n
th
e
s
o
u
r
ce
a
n
d
t
h
e
r
ec
eiv
er
w
a
s
v
ar
ied
b
et
w
ee
n
1
m
to
5
0
m
.
T
w
o
s
izes
o
f
b
ea
m
d
i
v
er
g
e
n
ce
f
o
r
d
if
f
u
s
e
s
o
u
r
ce
s
ar
e
u
s
ed
n
a
m
el
y
1
5
an
d
3
0
.
Oth
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s
i
m
u
latio
n
p
ar
a
m
eter
s
w
er
e
s
et
a
s
lis
ted
i
n
T
ab
le
2
.
T
o
s
i
m
p
li
f
y
t
h
e
s
i
m
u
latio
n
,
th
e
ef
f
ec
t o
f
t
u
r
b
u
le
n
ce
,
b
ac
k
g
r
o
u
n
d
r
ad
iatio
n
,
n
o
is
es a
n
d
s
u
r
f
ac
e
w
av
e
s
h
a
s
b
ee
n
n
e
g
lecte
d
.
T
ab
le
2
.
Sim
u
latio
n
P
ar
am
e
ter
s
3.
RE
SU
L
T
S
A
ND
AN
AL
Y
SI
S
3
.
1
.
P
a
t
h lo
s
s
perf
o
r
m
a
nce
Fig
u
r
e
1
(
a)
s
h
o
w
s
t
h
e
p
at
h
l
o
s
s
p
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a
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ce
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d
if
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u
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ater
a
s
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h
e
d
is
t
an
ce
i
s
v
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ied
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r
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m
5
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.
Fo
r
tu
r
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ater
,
a
s
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h
as
b
ee
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ted
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e
m
a
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m
u
m
d
is
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ce
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t
u
d
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is
u
p
to
2
0
m
o
n
l
y
.
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s
tl
y
,
it
ca
n
b
e
s
ee
n
t
h
at,
b
o
th
in
clea
r
w
ater
an
d
co
astal
w
ater
,
t
h
e
p
ath
lo
s
s
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
f
o
r
d
if
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u
s
e
li
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k
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atch
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L
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w
d
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e
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h
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g
e
p
o
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s
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h
e
s
p
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in
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m
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s
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A
to
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b
eh
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v
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r
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o
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s
er
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ed
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o
r
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r
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ater
,
w
h
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e
th
e
p
ath
lo
s
s
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er
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ce
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n
w
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at
is
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ed
icted
b
y
B
L
la
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o
r
a
d
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ce
g
r
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ter
th
an
5
m
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s
s
h
o
w
n
in
F
ig
u
r
e
1
(
b
)
.
T
h
is
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b
ec
au
s
e
,
in
M
C
s
i
m
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lat
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s
,
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o
t
h
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n
s
ca
tter
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an
d
r
e
-
s
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tter
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lig
h
t
ar
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llected
at
th
e
r
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eiv
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w
h
ic
h
r
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lts
i
n
lar
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e
r
r
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p
o
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.
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
P
ath
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s
s
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er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
o
f
v
ar
io
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s
b
ea
m
s
ize
s
in
(
a)
clea
r
an
d
co
astal
w
ater
an
d
(
b
)
tu
r
b
id
w
ater
3
.
2
.
P
er
ce
nta
g
e
o
f
un
s
ca
t
t
er
ed
lig
ht
Fig
u
r
e
2
s
h
o
w
s
t
h
e
p
er
ce
n
tag
e
o
f
th
e
u
n
s
ca
tter
ed
li
g
h
t
th
a
t
co
n
tr
ib
u
ted
to
th
e
to
tal
p
o
w
er
r
ec
ep
tio
n
as
th
e
d
is
tan
ce
is
v
ar
ied
.
I
t
is
ap
p
ar
en
t
th
at
th
e
u
n
s
ca
tter
ed
lig
h
t
d
o
m
in
ate
s
in
all
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o
f
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s
in
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w
ater
w
it
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co
lli
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i
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g
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m
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t
1
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15
,
3
0
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(
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1
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n
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t
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et
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n
t
h
e
m
in
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al
l
y
s
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tter
in
g
an
d
t
h
e
m
u
ltip
le
s
ca
tter
in
g
r
eg
io
n
.
A
p
p
ar
en
tl
y
,
in
clea
r
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ater
,
al
l
th
r
ee
b
ea
m
s
s
h
o
w
a
h
ig
h
p
e
r
ce
n
tag
e
o
f
u
n
s
ca
tter
ed
li
g
h
t
u
p
to
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d
is
tan
ce
o
f
5
0
m
.
T
h
u
s
,
th
e
tr
a
n
s
i
tio
n
p
o
i
n
t
f
o
r
clea
r
w
ater
ca
n
n
o
t
b
e
d
eter
m
i
n
ed
as
th
e
s
t
u
d
y
i
s
li
m
i
ted
to
5
0
m
.
Mo
r
e
s
i
m
u
lat
io
n
s
ca
n
b
e
d
o
n
e
at
a
lo
n
g
er
d
is
ta
n
ce
to
in
v
est
ig
ate
t
h
is
i
n
t
h
e
f
u
t
u
r
e.
A
lter
n
ate
l
y
,
i
n
co
astal
a
n
d
tu
r
b
id
w
ater
,
it
ca
n
b
e
s
ee
n
t
h
at
th
e
tr
an
s
itio
n
p
o
in
t
f
o
r
b
o
th
th
e
d
if
f
u
s
e
li
n
k
s
ar
e
esti
m
ated
to
b
e
2
2
m
an
d
4
m
r
esp
ec
tiv
el
y
.
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h
is
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s
s
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tl
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s
h
o
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ter
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t
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th
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ted
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k
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o
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ater
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ater
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u
r
e
2
.
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h
e
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e
o
f
th
e
u
n
s
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t t
h
at
co
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tr
ib
u
tes to
t
h
e
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ec
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3
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3
.
Sca
t
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pro
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bil
it
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I
n
t
h
e
p
r
ev
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u
s
s
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,
it
h
as
b
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s
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ated
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at
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h
e
s
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t
t
er
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s
ig
n
i
f
ica
n
t
i
n
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r
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ater
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h
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o
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h
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ate
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h
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t
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e
iv
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n
d
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g
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er
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h
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ef
i
n
ed
as
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e
n
u
m
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er
o
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ti
m
es
t
h
e
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h
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h
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s
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ee
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s
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atter
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s
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at
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e
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o
t
s
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tter
ed
.
T
h
r
ee
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is
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ce
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en
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o
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ep
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th
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n
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m
al
s
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t
ter
in
g
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io
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,
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e
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a
n
s
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tio
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in
t,
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d
m
u
ltip
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s
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tter
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g
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io
n
f
o
r
b
o
th
d
if
f
u
s
e
lin
k
s
as
s
u
m
m
ar
ized
in
T
a
b
le
3
.
A
lt
h
o
u
g
h
w
e
ca
n
n
o
t
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ate
th
e
s
ca
tter
in
g
b
e
h
av
i
o
u
r
f
o
r
t
h
e
th
r
ee
r
e
g
io
n
s
i
n
c
lear
w
ate
r
,
w
e
in
c
lu
d
ed
t
h
e
p
lo
t
to
s
h
o
w
t
h
e
s
ca
tter
i
n
g
b
eh
av
io
u
r
o
f
v
ar
io
u
s
lin
k
s
as
d
is
tan
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is
i
n
cr
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s
ed
as s
h
o
w
n
in
Fi
g
u
r
e
3
.
Fig
u
r
e
4
an
d
Fig
u
r
e
5
illu
s
tr
a
te
th
e
s
ca
tter
in
g
o
r
d
er
h
is
to
g
r
a
m
f
o
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d
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f
er
e
n
t
s
ca
tter
i
n
g
r
e
g
i
m
es
f
o
r
co
astal
w
ater
a
n
d
tu
r
b
id
w
ate
r
r
esp
ec
tiv
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y
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T
h
e
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elatio
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b
et
w
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s
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i
n
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o
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er
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it
h
t
h
e
b
ea
m
d
iv
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g
en
ce
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izes,
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is
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ce
a
n
d
t
y
p
es
o
f
w
ater
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n
b
e
f
o
u
n
d
in
th
e
f
ig
u
r
e.
Firstl
y
,
it
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n
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e
s
ee
n
t
h
at
th
e
p
r
o
b
a
b
ilit
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ig
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er
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ter
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es
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ta
n
ce
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ar
ticu
lar
l
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f
d
if
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u
s
e
li
n
k
s
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e
u
s
ed
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T
h
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in
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icate
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ter
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i
s
s
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[1
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p
ti
c
a
l
w
irele
ss
c
o
m
m
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
s,
V
2
V
v
isi
b
le l
ig
h
t
c
o
m
m
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
,
u
n
d
e
rw
a
ter v
isib
le l
ig
h
t
c
o
m
m
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ica
ti
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s etc
.
Z
e
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a
Rih
a
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b
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in
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h
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d
th
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B.
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c
.
d
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re
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in
El
e
c
tro
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ic
En
g
in
e
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rin
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–
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m
m
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ti
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De
p
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rtm
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f
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tri
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F
a
c
u
lt
y
,
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lep
p
o
Un
iv
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rsi
ty
,
A
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p
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in
2
0
0
7
,
t
h
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M
.
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c
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d
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m
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it
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d
isti
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c
ti
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n
f
ro
m
Un
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rsit
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War
w
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UK
,
in
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1
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a
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d
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h
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d
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re
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c
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iv
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r
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,
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in
2
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6
.
S
h
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w
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rk
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d
a
s
tea
c
h
in
g
a
ss
ist
a
n
t
f
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r
th
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m
e
ste
rs
(2
0
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8
-
2
0
0
9
)
in
Co
m
m
u
n
ica
ti
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p
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t,
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e
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tri
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l
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n
g
in
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rin
g
F
a
c
u
lt
y
,
Un
iv
e
rsit
y
o
f
A
lep
p
o
,
S
y
ria.
Af
t
e
r
f
in
ish
in
g
P
h
D,
sh
e
w
o
rk
e
d
a
s
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
tu
to
r
in
Co
v
e
n
try
Un
iv
e
rsit
y
Co
ll
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g
e
f
o
r
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n
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a
r.
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rre
n
tl
y
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sh
e
is
w
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rk
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g
a
s
S
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io
r
T
e
a
c
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in
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t
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a
r
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a
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f
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c
tu
rin
g
G
ro
u
p
,
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a
r
w
ic
k
Un
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e
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y
.
He
r
m
a
in
re
se
a
rc
h
in
tere
sts
a
re
in
th
e
f
ield
o
f
o
p
ti
c
a
l
w
irele
ss
c
o
m
m
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
s,
in
-
v
e
h
icle
n
e
tw
o
rk
s an
d
m
u
lt
im
e
d
ia co
m
m
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
s.
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