Int
ern
at
i
onal
Journ
al of Ele
ctrical
an
d
Co
mput
er
En
gin
eeri
ng
(IJ
E
C
E)
Vo
l.
8
, No
.
6
,
Decem
ber
201
8
, p
p.
5484
~
4789
IS
S
N: 20
88
-
8708
,
DOI: 10
.11
591/
ijece
.
v8
i
6
.
pp
5484
-
54
94
5484
Journ
al h
om
e
page
:
http:
//
ia
es
core
.c
om/
journa
ls
/i
ndex.
ph
p/IJECE
Autom
ation of D
MPS
Man
ufacturin
g by
U
sing L
abView
and
PL
C
F. F
areez
a
1
,
C
hunch
u
Ra
m
b
ab
u
2
,
S. Kri
sh
naveni
3
, Abel
Ch
erne
t Ka
biso
4
1,3
Educ
a
ti
ona
l
&
Resea
r
ch
Inst
it
u
te
,
Indi
a
2
,
4
Arba
Minch
Univer
sit
y
,
E
thi
op
ia
Art
ic
le
In
f
o
ABSTR
A
CT
Art
ic
le
history:
Re
cei
ved
A
pr
7
, 2
01
8
Re
vised
Ju
l
2
3
,
201
8
Accepte
d
Aug
2
, 2
01
8
Thi
s
Paper
is
to
ena
ble
th
e
Si
emens
(Program
m
abl
e
Logi
c
C
ontrol
)
CP
U
313
-
5A
to
comm
unic
at
e
wi
th
t
he
La
b
VIEW
and
to
cont
ro
l
t
he
proc
ess
ac
cur
acy
b
y
image
proc
essing.
The
comm
unic
a
ti
on
be
twee
n
C
PU
313
-
5A
and
La
b
VIEW
is
via
OP
C
(
OLE
for
Proce
ss
C
ontrol
).
Proce
ss
Acc
ura
c
y
is
ac
hi
eve
d
with
the
use
of
La
bvie
w
Im
age
P
roc
essing
and
Gra
y
Sca
l
e
m
at
chi
ng
Pattern
.
Acc
ura
c
y
in
the
gra
y
sc
al
e
m
atching
will
pure
l
y
depe
nd
o
n
the
ca
l
ibration
o
f
the
c
amera
wi
th
respe
ct
to
the
cor
responding
i
m
age
.
Th
e
digi
tal
output
f
rom
the
la
bview
is
comm
unic
at
ed
to
PLC
v
i
a
Et
he
rne
t
Protocol
for
the
industri
al
pro
ce
s
s
cont
rol.
W
it
h
t
he
use
of
La
bview
t
he
dea
d
ti
m
e
while
using
the
norm
al
image
vision
m
odul
e
in
PLC
c
an
be
m
ini
m
iz
ed
.
La
bvi
ew
uses
th
e
gra
y
s
cale
m
atching
te
chn
ique
which
is
m
ore
a
cc
ura
te
tha
n
the
norm
al i
m
ag
e
vision
m
odule
used
in
PLC
.
Ke
yw
or
d:
Cam
era
Ether
net
Lab
View
PLC
Pr
oc
ess
c
ontrol
Copyright
©
201
8
Instit
ut
e
o
f Ad
vanc
ed
Engi
n
ee
r
ing
and
S
cienc
e
.
Al
l
rights re
serv
ed
.
Corres
pond
in
g
Aut
h
or
:
F.
Fa
reeza
,
Associ
at
e Profe
sso
r
,
Dr
.
M.
G.
R.
Ed
ucati
on
al
&
Re
search
Insti
tute
,
Chen
nai,
India.
Em
a
il
:
far
eeza
f
ay
az@gm
ai
l.c
om
1.
INTROD
U
CTION
To
m
echan
iz
e
the
DMP
S
ble
nd
i
ng
sta
ti
on
f
or
acc
om
plishing
bette
r
e
xact
ness
in
the
pro
cess
with
t
he
util
iz
at
ion
of
Lab
view
Im
age
Ac
qu
isi
ti
on
m
od
ule
an
d
P
LC.
Ma
chi
ne
visio
n
is
a
wi
de
te
rm
.
Nu
m
erous
sci
entifi
c
spe
c
ulati
on
s
,
pictu
re
sec
ur
i
ng,
pi
ct
ur
e
handlin
g
a
nd
e
xam
in
at
ion
,
an
d
so
on
f
ram
e
the
entire
m
achine
visio
n
world
.
In
thi
s
m
ann
er,
to
c
har
act
erize
m
a
chine
visio
n
is
a
tr
oubles
om
e
assig
nm
ent,
if
these
things
are
c
onsidere
d.
Page
s
an
d
pa
ges
c
ould
be
com
po
s
ed
on
these
di
sti
nctive
s
ubj
e
ct
s.
Co
ns
e
qu
e
ntly
,
the
pr
i
nciple cent
r
al
iz
at
ion
o
f
t
his p
ost
ulati
on
a
r
chive was to
buil
d
up a
basic m
achine v
isi
on
ap
plica
ti
on u
ti
li
zi
ng
pro
gr
am
m
ing
prom
ptly
accessib
le
in
the
m
ark
et
.
T
he
pr
oduct
util
iz
ed
as
a
par
t
of
th
is
pro
posal
pa
per
w
a
s
Lab
-
V
IE
W.
I
n
any
case,
t
he
essenti
al
nece
ssit
ie
s
to
com
pr
e
he
nd
a
m
achine
visio
n
f
r
a
m
ewo
r
k
a
re
ta
lked
about in
the
expect
ed
a
reas
in
the
up
c
om
ing
sect
ion
s
.
2.
LIT
ERATUR
E SU
RV
E
Y
It
is
repor
te
d
t
hat
m
ere
ph
ysi
cal
exam
inati
o
n
an
d
La
borat
or
y
s
ham
bling
repor
t
is
no
t
he
lpf
ul
in
the
Pr
oc
ess
A
ccu
r
acy
.
The
re
aso
n
be
hind
it
wa
s
the
at
m
os
ph
e
ric
co
nd
it
io
ns
especial
ly
the
tem
per
at
ur
e
a
nd
the
m
oister co
nten
t
m
ay
aff
ect
th
e Process
accu
racy
.
Anjali
Seta
l
(2014
)
discu
ssed
about
the
var
i
ou
s
a
dvanta
ge
s
on
La
bv
ie
w
-
PLC
base
d
pro
cess
con
t
ro
l
for
a
sm
al
l
s
ta
ti
n
with
digi
ta
l
inp
uts
via
Modb
us
c
omm
un
ic
at
ion
Protoc
ol
[
1].
F
orsy
th
et
al
(
2009
)
con
t
rib
uted
a
m
et
ho
d
w
he
re
m
easur
e
of
Im
age
Colo
r
in
gray
scal
e
patte
r
n
w
hich
is
m
ore
accurate
than
Colo
r
m
at
ching
Tec
hniq
ue
by
Com
par
is
on
with
a
ref
e
ren
ce
im
a
ge
[
2].
Pa
pa
dopoulos,
E
et
al
(20
08),
desc
ribed
a
novel
ap
proac
h
to
autom
at
ion
industrial
process
by
the
I
m
age
m
at
ching
Tech
nique
w
it
h
the
us
e
of
s
epar
at
e
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
In
t J
Elec
&
C
om
p
En
g
IS
S
N: 20
88
-
8708
Autom
ation of
DMP
S
M
anuf
ac
turin
g by
Usin
g L
abVie
w a
nd P
LC
(
F. F
are
eza
)
5485
i
m
age
acqu
isi
t
ion
m
odule
[
3]
.
Siem
ens
In
dustria
l
A
uto
m
at
ion
,
(
2008)
e
xp
la
ine
d
t
he
operati
on
of
the
CPU
315
-
A
S
eries
ty
pe
of
Progra
m
m
able
con
tr
ollers
[
4]
.
N
.
N.
Ba
r
soum
,
et
al
(2
01
1)
e
xpla
ins
rem
ote
con
t
ro
l
app
li
cat
io
ns
ov
er a
wide
area
wh
ic
h
is com
mo
nly use
d
in in
du
st
ries these
days. Ethe
rn
et
m
od
ule w
as u
s
ed
f
or
achievin
g
rem
ote
co
ntro
l
[
5].
Nargalk
ar
Ak
s
hay,
et
al
(2
00
5)
is
to
ena
ble
the
Alle
n
Bradl
y
PLC
(P
r
ogram
m
abl
e
Lo
gic
C
on
tr
ol)
SLC
-
500
t
o
c
omm
un
ic
ate
with
t
he
La
b
V
IE
W.
T
he
c
omm
un
ic
at
ion
betwe
e
n
SLC
-
500
an
d
Lab
VI
E
W
is
vi
a
OP
C
(O
LE
f
or
P
ro
ces
s
Cont
ro
l).
Dev
el
opm
ent
of
OP
C
usi
ng
RS
Lin
ux
OP
C
Ser
ver
.
OP
C
is
an
indus
try
sta
nd
ar
d
pro
vid
es
real
tim
e
plu
g
-
a
nd
-
play
so
ftw
are
te
ch
no
l
ogy
fo
r
process
c
on
t
rol
and
fact
or
y
a
uto
m
at
ion
[6
]
.
Fairchil
d,
M.
(
2005)
p
r
opos
e
d
a
ne
w
feat
ure
of
C
olo
r
m
atch
i
ng
Tech
nique
by
Com
par
ison wi
th a
ref
e
ren
ce
im
age [7]
3.
DIM
ET
HO
X
I
C
P
ROP
ONI
C AC
I
D
DMPS
(
Dim
eth
oxic
Propo
nic
aci
d)
is
m
ixed
gr
ad
ually
unde
r
co
ntro
ll
ed
te
m
per
at
ur
e
with
Edib
le
Oil
(S
un
flo
wer)
f
or
bette
r
qual
it
y.
For
this
proc
ess
12
T
on
of
Edib
le
Oil
-
Sun
flo
wer
is
ta
ke
n
f
or
a
batc
h,
in
it
s
12K
g
of
S
unflow
e
r
oil
co
nce
ntrated
with
120
G
ram
s
o
f
D
MPS
s
olu
ti
on
i
s
m
ixed
gr
a
du
al
ly
un
de
r
c
ontrolle
d
tem
per
at
ur
e
.
F
or
t
he
pr
e
par
at
ion
of
DMP
S
con
ce
ntrate
d
S
unflo
wer
oil
12kg
of
oil
is
ta
ken
in
a
vessel
(sm
all
ta
nk)
an
d
it
wa
s
m
ai
ntained
at
650
C
with
th
e
us
e
of
heate
r
coils
then
DM
PS
So
l
utio
n
is
do
s
ed
gr
a
dual
ly
to
it
with
the
us
e
of
do
si
ng
pu
m
p.
Durin
g
this
pr
ocess
the
c
olou
r
of
t
he
sunfl
ower
oil
in
the
ta
nk
gets
cha
nged
due
the
c
on
ce
ntrati
on
of
DMP
S.
Wh
e
n
the
C
ol
our
of
the
D
MPS
Co
nce
ntr
at
ed
S
unflo
we
r
Oil
gets
c
ha
ng
e
d
t
o
Li
m
e
colou
r
th
e
ca
m
era
will
s
ense
it
and
se
nds
the
sig
nals
to
Lab
view.
T
he
com
m
and
from
the
la
b
view
will
be
c
omm
un
ic
a
te
d
to
P
LC
-
Si
m
ens
CPU
31
5
-
A
wh
ic
h
gove
rn
s
the
whole
process
with
t
he
us
e
of
la
dder
lo
gic
pro
gr
am
m
ed
in it
.
Fo
r
t
he
pre
parat
ion
of
DMP
S
co
ncen
t
rated
Sunf
lo
we
r
oil
12kg
of
oil
is
ta
ken
in
a
ve
ssel
(sm
all
ta
nk)
an
d
it
w
a
s
m
ai
ntained
at
6
50 C w
it
h
t
he
u
se of
heate
r
co
il
s then
DMPS
S
olu
ti
on is d
ose
d gr
a
dual
ly
to
it
with
the
us
e
of
dosin
g
pum
p
the
co
ntr
ol
of
the
dosi
ng
pu
m
p,
Ag
it
at
or
a
nd
dosi
ng
pum
p
is
gove
rn
e
d
by
the
PLC
Om
ro
n
-
Cpm
2a.
Tem
per
at
ur
e
co
ntr
ol
of
the
vessel
is
con
t
ro
ll
ed
l
oc
al
ly
with
the
us
e
of
te
m
pe
ratur
e
con
t
ro
ll
er
with
signa
ls
f
ro
m
tem
per
at
ur
e
tr
ansm
itter
co
nnect
ed
with
RT
D
-
P
T1
00.T
he
sta
tus
sig
nal
of
the
tem
per
at
ur
e
co
ntr
oller
is
giv
e
n
to
the
PLC
Om
ro
n
-
C
pm
2a
f
or
t
he
c
ontr
ol
of
the
process
.
T
he
Bl
oc
k
di
agr
am
is sh
own
i
n
Fi
gure
1
As
the
co
nce
ntrati
on
of
DMP
S
increa
ses
the
colo
r
of
t
he
s
unfl
ow
e
r
Oil
ch
ang
e
s
to
li
m
e
c
olor
w
hic
h
is
sense
d
with
the
us
e
of
cam
era
an
d
the
im
age
is
proce
sse
d
in
la
bvie
w
a
nd
t
he
sta
tus
si
gn
al
is
s
har
e
d
t
o
PLC
for
f
ur
the
r
act
ion
via
O
PC
serv
e
r
of
la
bv
i
ew
w
hich
is
r
ecei
ved
by
PL
C
via
OP
C
cl
i
ent.
The
proce
ss
is
dep
ic
te
d o
n Fi
gure
2
.
Figure
1. Bl
oc
k Diag
ram
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IS
S
N
:
2088
-
8708
In
t J
Elec
&
C
om
p
En
g,
V
ol.
8
, N
o.
6
,
Dece
m
ber
2
01
8
:
4781
-
4789
5486
Fig
ure
2
.
Proce
ss D
ia
gr
am
3.1.
Process
Seq
ue
nce
a.
Pu
s
h
bu
tt
on
O
N
-
):
A
gitat
or
,
Do
si
ng
P
um
p
and
Heater
ge
ts
powe
red
he
at
er
us
es
sepa
rate
tem
per
at
ure
con
t
ro
ll
er l
oop uses
tem
per
at
ur
e
Co
ntr
oller
b.
Cam
era Starts
sensing a
nd
w
hen it
r
eac
hes
t
he req
uire
d
c
ol
our
it
passes
t
he
sig
nal to plc
via La
b view
c.
Wh
e
n
Im
age
a
nd
te
m
per
at
ur
e
sat
isfie
s
c
ondi
ti
on
a
gitat
or
a
nd
dosi
ng
pum
p
st
op
s
a
nd
th
e
outl
et
act
uator
sta
rts drop
ping
3.2.
Te
chniques
U
sed
a.
PLC
–
Siem
ens
CPU
315
-
A us
es Lad
de
r
L
og
i
c Pro
gr
am
m
ing
with
b.
Step
-
7
L
ogic
L
abV
ie
w Uses
Gr
a
phic
al
p
r
og
ram
m
ing
c.
PLC
-
La
bV
ie
w C
omm
un
ic
at
io
n
is
with t
he us
e of La
bV
ie
w OPC
Se
r
ver an
d Om
ro
n
C
X
-
On
e
Se
rv
e
r
4.
COMPO
NEN
TS OF
M
ACHINE
VISIO
N
S
YS
TE
M
A
m
achine
visi
on
syst
em
ty
pi
cal
ly
con
sist
s
of
m
achine
vision
softwa
re
(
m
achine
visio
n
too
ls)
an
d
a
ca
m
era
(im
age
acqu
isi
ti
on
de
vice).
B
ut
m
any
oth
er
t
hings n
eed
t
o
be
co
nsi
der
e
d
f
or
a
m
achine v
isi
on
s
yst
e
m
.
Each
of
t
he
c
om
po
nen
ts
has
i
ts
own
si
gn
i
ficance.
So
none
of
t
he
c
om
po
ne
nts
can
be
iso
la
te
d
or
seg
re
ga
te
d.
The
im
po
rta
nt
com
po
ne
nts are
d
isc
us
se
d
in
br
ie
f
in
t
he foll
ow
i
ng sub
-
sect
ion
s
.
4.1.
Ill
uminat
i
on
Illum
inati
on
re
fer
s
to
t
he
li
ght
s
ource
s
that
are
avail
able
arou
nd
t
he
ob
je
ct
being
a
nal
yz
ed.
It
is
sign
ific
a
nt
that
the
obj
ect
(s
)
unde
r
a
naly
sis
be
cl
early
visibl
e
to
the
im
age
acqu
isi
ti
on
devi
ce.
It
e
ns
ures
that
m
uch
of
the
in
form
ation
is
re
ta
ined
in
the
a
cqu
i
red
im
age,
and
no
m
uch
im
age
processi
ng
nee
ds
to
be
done;
thu
s
m
aking
th
e m
achine v
isi
on appli
cat
ion
si
m
pler
to
de
ve
lop
.
Illum
inati
ng
obj
ect
(s)
does
not
m
ean
avail
abili
ty
of
hu
ge
a
m
ou
nt
of
li
ght
around
t
he
ob
j
ect
;
it
ref
er
s
the
li
gh
ts
to
be
adjusted
in
a
pro
per
w
ay
.
Pro
per
il
lum
inati
o
n
involve
s
the
rig
ht
intensit
y
and
c
orrect
dir
ect
io
n
of
li
gh
t
.
It
shou
l
d
be
do
ne
in
a
way
that
sh
ad
ow
form
at
ion
is
checke
d
an
d
m
axi
mu
m
con
trast
s
can
be
achieve
d from
the r
e
gion
of in
te
rest of the
ob
j
ect
(s
).
(Mo
-
vim
ed
cust
om
i
m
aging
so
l
utio
ns
, 2
007
)
.
The
li
gh
t
sou
r
ces
m
ay
be
fluoresce
nt
li
gh
ts
or
LE
D
li
ghts
or
halo
ge
n
li
gh
ts,
et
c.
LE
D
li
gh
ts
are
m
or
e
pr
e
ferred
ove
r
the
oth
er
ty
pe
s
of
li
ght
sources
,
because
of
their
lo
ng
li
fe
an
d
le
ss
energy
c
on
s
um
pt
ion
.
Dep
e
ndin
g upo
n
the
ar
rangem
ent of li
ghts, il
l
um
inati
o
n
can
be direct
or
i
nd
irect
.
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Autom
ation of
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S
M
anuf
ac
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g by
Usin
g L
abVie
w a
nd P
LC
(
F. F
are
eza
)
5487
4.2.
Ima
ge acquisi
tion
Im
age
acqu
isi
ti
on
is
t
he
m
os
t
i
m
po
rtant
pa
rt
in
a
m
achin
e
visio
n
syst
e
m
.
It
inv
ol
ves
captu
rin
g
a
n
i
m
age
of
t
he
obj
ect
t
o
be
a
naly
zed
with
the
help
of
cam
era.
Dif
fer
e
nt
ty
pe
s
of
cam
eras
can
be
us
ed
f
or
i
m
age
a
cqu
isi
ti
on;
th
ey
can
incl
ud
e
an
ordina
ry
m
ob
il
e
ca
m
era
,
a
ty
pical
di
gital
ca
m
era,
or
even
a
web
ca
m
.
But
ca
m
eras
that
are
ta
il
or
e
d
s
pe
ci
al
ly
fo
r
in
dustria
l
us
e
are
a
lso
avail
able.
Dep
e
ndin
g
on
the
sens
or
te
ch
no
l
ogy
us
e
d,
dif
fer
e
nt
ca
m
eras can be
classi
fied
i
nto
two
cat
e
gories
as foll
ows:
CM
OS
cam
eras
CC
D
cam
eras
“The
se
nsors
c
ou
l
d
be
m
at
rix
sens
or
s
or
li
ne
sens
or
s
.
A
n
i
m
age
sensor
conve
rts
an
opti
cal
i
m
age
into
an
el
ect
ronic
sig
nal
.
”
C
hoos
i
ng
a
m
achine
visio
n
ca
m
era
can
be
a
diff
ic
ult
ta
sk
.
Howe
ver,
res
olu
ti
on,
sensiti
vity
,
an
d
ty
pe
of
cam
era
-
m
on
oc
hro
m
e
or
col
or
,
s
hould
be
c
ons
idere
d
wh
e
n
buyi
ng
on
e
.
(ALLIE
D
Visio
n
Tec
hnologies
GMBH,
2006
)
.
Als
o,
t
he
i
nterf
ac
e
the
cam
era
us
es
f
or
c
omm
un
ic
at
ion
shou
l
d
be
consi
der
e
d. T
he
av
ai
la
ble i
nterf
aces
inclu
de USB
, E
the
rn
et
,
Fire
wire,
et
c.
4.3.
CCD
c
amer
as
A
CC
D
(C
ha
r
ge
-
c
ouple
d
De
vice)
cam
era
us
es
the
CC
D
sens
or
te
c
hnol
og
y.
T
he
m
ain
feat
ur
es
of
these
se
nsors
(and
he
nce
ca
m
eras)
a
re
li
ste
d
as
f
o
ll
ows
(V
isi
on
Syst
em
s
Oy
,
2012
)
.
The
m
os
t
co
m
m
on
ca
m
era
sens
or
s
I
n
-
c
om
ing
c
h
ar
ges
are
sto
red
E
qu
i
valent
to
film
s
of
tr
aditi
on
al
film
ca
m
eras.
Co
nsi
st
of
pix
el
s
with a
ty
pical
size o
f 1
0µm
x
10µm
.
a.
These a
re
both
colo
r
a
nd m
on
ochr
om
e.
b.
These a
re lig
ht
-
sensiti
ve
d
i
ode senso
rs.
c.
Each
pix
el
has
a m
ic
ro
-
le
ns
fo
r
f
oc
us
in
g
t
he
l
igh
t i
nt
o
t
he
se
ns
or s
urface
.
d.
Disad
va
ntage of
these
sens
or
s is the
possibil
it
y of
ov
e
r
e
xpos
ure
Fig
ure
3
.
CC
D
Cam
era
4.4.
Depth
of f
ie
ld
Dep
t
h
of
Fiel
d
(DOF
)
is
the
m
easur
e o
f
the
di
sta
nce
betwee
n
the
nea
rest
and
the
fa
rthe
st
obj
ect
s
in
a
scene t
hat can
be
ca
ptured
by
the cam
era an
d b
e acce
pta
bly sharp i
n
the
im
age.
4.5.
Constr
ucti
on
of t
he
stat
i
on
The
syst
em
co
ns
ist
s
of
cy
li
nders
,
sens
ors,
a
m
oto
r
as
the
ph
ysi
cal
com
po
ne
nts.
As
the
PLC
us
e
d
in
the
sta
ti
on
re
quires
a
dd
it
io
na
l
sign
al
m
od
ul
es
for
the
I/O
(in
pu
ts
a
nd
ou
tpu
ts)
de
vices,
sign
al
m
od
ule
s
fro
m
Be
ckhoff
(
w
w
w.beck
hof
f.
c
om
)
was
us
e
d.
4.6.
Sy
s
tem c
omm
unica
tion
The
P
LC
wa
s
interface
d
t
o
the
com
pu
te
r
us
in
g
S
7
MP
I
ada
pter.
The
bu
s
co
uple
r,
L
C310
0
wa
s
netw
orke
d
with
the
PLC
us
i
ng
PR
OF
IBU
S
cable.
Also
OP
C
com
m
un
ic
at
ion
was
do
ne
us
in
g
the
s
a
m
e
S7
MPI
a
dap
te
r.
A
diag
ram
m
at
i
c
re
pr
ese
ntati
on
of
c
omm
un
ic
at
ion
am
ong
t
he
syst
em
co
m
pone
nts
is
s
hown
in
Figure
4.
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o.
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,
Dece
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ber
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01
8
:
4781
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4789
5488
Figure
4
.
Com
m
un
ic
at
ion
s a
m
on
g
STE
P
7,
Lab
VI
E
W
a
nd
CPU31
5
-
2DP
and LC3
100
4.7.
STE
P
7pro
fes
siona
l
STEP
7
PRO
FESS
ION
AL
(S
TE
P
7
in
s
hort)
is
aut
om
at
ion
softwa
re
f
r
om
Sie
m
ens
Ind
us
try
(
w
ww.siem
ens.
com
).
It
is
us
ed
f
or
progra
m
m
ing
si
m
atic
PLC
sta
ti
on
s.
Figure
5
s
hows
the
syst
em
m
ang
e
r
window
of sim
at
ic
STEP
7,
w
her
e
a cr
e
at
ed pape
r wit
h
s
om
e b
lock
s is al
so
s
how
n.
Figure
5
.
S
cree
ns
hot
of sim
ati
c m
anag
er (ST
EP
7)
STEP
7
prov
i
de
s
pro
visio
n
to
co
de
the
pro
gram
us
ing
se
ve
n
diff
e
re
nt
la
ngua
ges.
So
m
e
of
them
are
FBD
(
Functi
on
Bl
oc
k
Dia
gra
m
),
LD
(La
dder
Diag
ram
),
and
SCL
(
Stat
e
m
ent
List
),
et
c.Th
e
us
e
r
can
fr
eel
y
choose
the
la
ngua
ge.
A
STE
P7
aut
om
ation
program
m
ay
con
ta
in
f
unct
ion
s
(F
Cs)
,
f
unct
ion
blo
c
ks
(
FBs)
,
orga
nizat
ion
bl
ock
s
(O
Bs
),
s
equ
e
nce
functi
on
al
c
har
ts
(SFC
s),
et
c.
B
ut,
ever
y
S
TEP
7
pro
gr
am
m
us
t
have
OB1
,
beca
us
e
it
is
the
m
ai
n
fu
nctio
n.
Detai
ls
about
the
ST
EP7
program
s
are
not
cov
e
re
d
in
this
thesis
.
The
la
nguag
e
used
for
the
au
t
om
ation
of the
syst
em
d
escribed
i
n t
his work
was
FBD.
Figure
6
.
FBD
cod
e
s in
STE
P
7
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Autom
ation of
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S
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anuf
ac
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abVie
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nd P
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are
eza
)
5489
4.8.
CPU3
15
-
2DP
CPU31
5
-
2DP
belo
ngs
to
Si
m
at
ic
30
0
gro
up
of
PLC
co
nt
ro
ll
ers
.
It
co
nsi
sts
of
di
ff
e
rent
ind
ic
at
ors,
a
pro
gr
am
m
ani
pu
la
ti
on
key,
and
a
m
e
m
or
y
card
slot.
It
has
2
serial
-
c
onnecti
on
ports
;
on
e
of
them
is
f
or
interfaci
ng
between
S
TEP
7
a
nd
the PLC
wh
ereas the o
t
her
is fo
r
c
onnecti
ng
to
a
distrib
ut
ed
m
od
ule
. F
igure
7
sh
ows
CPU
31
5
-
2DP.
Figure
7
.
CPU
315
-
2DP
4.9.
Ha
rdw
are c
onfigur
at
i
on
Hardwa
re
co
nf
igurat
ion
(
H
W
)
needs
to
be
done
be
f
or
e
a
ny
program
ca
n
be
do
wn
l
oa
ded
int
o
the
PLC.
In
the
ha
rdwar
e
c
onfig
ur
at
io
n,
the
ty
pe
of
powe
r
su
pply
,
the
CPU
m
od
el
(su
ch
as
CPU3
15
-
2DP)
,
th
e
sign
al
m
odules and (o
r)
oth
e
r dist
rib
uted
m
od
ules
bei
ng
use
d need
to be s
pecified
so that
the s
of
t
war
e a
nd t
he
hard
war
e ca
n
i
nter
-
c
onnect
. Fi
gure
8
s
hows
the
hard
war
e c
onfi
gurati
on do
ne fo
r
this
p
a
pe
r.
Figure
8
.
A
n
e
xam
ple H
ar
dware c
onfig
ur
at
i
on for si
m
atic PLC
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Dece
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01
8
:
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5490
5.
RESU
LT
S
AND DI
SCUS
S
ION
F
igure
9
.
LAB
VI
E
W
f
on
t
pa
nel
Figure
10
.
S
te
p
7 L
ad
der an
d
S
i
m
ulati
on
M
odule
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
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Autom
ation of
DMP
S
M
anuf
ac
turin
g by
Usin
g L
abVie
w a
nd P
LC
(
F. F
are
eza
)
5491
Figure
1
1
.
Sele
ct
ing
boundi
ng box to c
reate a
boun
ding
box
The
outp
ut
te
r
m
inal
fr
om
the
U
nbundle
by
Nam
e
VI
was
on
ce
agai
n
wir
ed
to
A
rr
ay
-
to
-
Cl
us
te
r
VI,
whose
outp
ut
te
rm
inal
was
al
so
on
ce
a
gain
wire
d
to
a
no
t
he
r
U
nbun
dle
by
Nam
e
VI
.Th
i
s
tim
e
i
t
was
e
nlar
ged
to
get
4
outp
ut
te
r
m
inals.
Th
e
first
outp
ut
t
erm
inal
was
assigne
d
t
o
‘B
oundin
g
B
ox
[
0]
>x’
;
the
sec
ond
t
o
‘Boundin
g
B
ox
[1
]
>y
’;
the
t
hir
d
to
‘Bou
nd
i
ng
Bo
x
[
2]>x’
;
an
d
t
he
four
t
h
to‘B
oundin
g
Box
[
3]>y
’
as
sh
ow
n
in Figu
re
11
.
Figure
1
2
.
Assi
gn
i
ng x
-
a
nd y
-
axes
to
t
he boundin
g b
ox
Each
of
the
outp
uts
was
t
he
n
c
onnecte
d
to
the
i
nput
te
r
m
inals
of
a
‘B
uild
Array’
V
I
.
T
he
outp
ut
te
rm
inal
of
t
his
V
I
wa
s
al
so
wire
d
to
an
-
oth
e
r
A
rr
ay
-
to
-
Cl
us
te
r
VI
;
one
thi
ng
to
be
note
d
is
t
hat
al
l
the
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ol.
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o.
6
,
Dece
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ber
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01
8
:
4781
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4789
5492
cl
us
te
rs’
siz
e
ne
eds
to
be
c
ha
ng
e
d
to
4;
it
can
be
do
ne
by
ri
gh
t
-
cl
ic
king
th
e
Ar
ray
-
to
-
Cl
ust
er
VI
a
nd
sel
ect
ing
‘Cluster
Size
’ f
ro
m
the contex
t
m
enu
as
sho
wn in Fi
gure
12
.
Figure
1
3
. C
ha
ng
i
ng the cl
us
t
er s
iz
e
Figure
1
4
.
PL
C Lad
der &
Sim
ula
ti
on
Mo
dule
The
outp
ut
te
r
m
inal
fr
om
that
final
Array
-
to
-
Cl
us
te
r
VI
was
co
nnect
ed
to
the
‘Rect
ang
le
’
input
te
rm
inal
of
the
‘I
MA
Q
Ov
e
rl
ay
Re
ct
ang
le
’
VI
.
Als
o,
the
i
nput
te
rm
inal
‘I
m
age’
of
t
his
VI
was
wired
t
o
the
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
In
t J
Elec
&
C
om
p
En
g
IS
S
N: 20
88
-
8708
Autom
ation of
DMP
S
M
anuf
ac
turin
g by
Usin
g L
abVie
w a
nd P
LC
(
F. F
are
eza
)
5493
‘I
m
age
ou
t’
outpu
t
te
rm
inal
o
f
the
visio
n
assist
ant.
Finall
y,
the
ou
t
pu
t
te
r
m
inal
fr
om
the
Ov
erlay
Re
ct
ang
l
e
VI
was
w
ire
d t
o
the
in
pu
t t
e
r
m
inal of
t
he ‘I
m
age D
is
play
’ VI.
5.1.
Metho
d
of
Inte
rfa
ci
n
g
5.1.1.
Configuri
n
g
P
LC
Dri
ver
Her
e
we
c
hoos
e
RS
-
232
DF1
dev
ic
es
an
d
cl
i
ck
on
A
dd
Ne
w.
Ne
xt
we
na
m
e
the
PLC
a
nd
the
n
sta
rt
the con
fig
ur
at
i
on in
C
onfig
ur
e RS
-
232
DF1
dev
ic
es
.
5.1.2.
Creatin
g New
O
PC
To
pic
Creat
e
a
new
OP
C
T
op
ic
a
nd
save
it
f
or
further
us
e.
All
the
in
pu
ts
a
nd
ou
t
pu
ts
th
at
ar
e
avail
able
in
the PLC
will
be avail
able
unde
r
to
pic
wh
ic
h we
hav
e
create
d
6.
CONCL
US
I
O
N
Fr
om
the
pa
pe
r
pe
rfo
rm
ed,
it
was
obvi
ous
that
m
achine
visio
n
te
ch
nolo
gy
an
d
NI
Visio
n
to
ols
tog
et
he
r
can
be
us
ed
for
sor
ti
ng
ob
j
ect
s
in
a
factor
y
pro
du
ct
io
n
li
ne.
I
t
was
confirm
ed
that
out
of
m
any
m
achine
visio
n
too
ls,
th
e
patt
ern
-
m
at
ching
a
lgorit
hm
cou
ld
be
ap
plied
for
the
obj
ect
s
or
t
ing
pur
po
se
.
A
lso,
it
was
cl
ear
that
a
sim
ple
web
c
a
m
cou
ld
be
us
ed
for
perform
i
ng
m
achine
vis
ion
s
ta
sk
s
.
Be
c
ause,
a
web
ca
m
was
us
e
d
f
or
patte
r
n
m
at
ching
,
it
is
not
f
or
s
ur
e
that
it
can
be
use
d
for
dif
fer
e
nt
m
achine
vis
ion
a
ppli
cat
ions.
But
,
if
the
a
ppli
cat
i
on
is
in
de
pend
ent
of
dif
fer
e
nt
i
m
age
proces
sing
ta
s
ks,
it
m
igh
t
be
possi
ble
to
us
e
we
bc
a
m
s
instea
d of ot
he
r
in
dustria
l ca
m
eras.
The
patte
r
n
m
at
ching
was
do
ne
at
diff
er
ent
tim
es
of
the
day;
ever
y
tim
e
t
he
sco
re
ge
nerat
ed
by
the
visio
n
assist
ant
n
ee
ded ad
just
m
ent f
or
the
correct
patte
rn m
at
ching. T
his s
hows
t
hat p
at
te
rn
m
at
ching is
base
d
on
direct
c
orre
la
ti
on
m
a
trix
al
gorithm
.
The
scor
e
ge
ner
at
e
d
f
or
t
he
im
ag
e
tem
plate
was
900.
If
t
he
sco
re
wa
s
increase
d
ov
e
r
900,
no
ne
of
t
he
obj
ect
s
m
at
c
hed
the p
at
te
rn;
belo
w
90
0
pa
tt
ern
s
m
at
ched
,
but
if
the scor
e
was
belo
w
certai
n
s
cor
e
(
f
or
exam
ple
850),
the
obj
ect
s
wh
ic
h
te
nd
to
be
of
the
sa
m
e
patte
rn
al
so
m
at
ched
.
I
n
that
case, the
aim
o
f patt
ern
m
at
ching
fail
ed.
Althou
gh
patte
rn
m
at
ching
is
no
t
a
ff
ect
e
d
by
li
gh
ti
ng,
it
was
see
n
th
at
sh
a
dow
f
orm
ation
of
so
m
e
oth
e
r
obj
ect
s
over
the
a
naly
zed
obj
ect
hi
nd
e
r
ed
to
m
a
tc
h
the
patte
rn
sto
re
d
in
the
patte
r
n
tem
plate
.
So
,
t
o
say
that
patte
rn
m
a
tc
hin
g
is
in
depend
e
nt
of
li
gh
t
ing
m
igh
t
be
so
m
ewh
at
unre
al
ist
ic
.
It
m
igh
t
be
sai
d
that
pa
tt
ern
m
at
chi
ng
not
aff
ect
ed
by
li
ghti
ng
directl
y,
but
there
m
igh
t
be
so
m
e
oth
er
ind
irect
cause
relat
ing
to
li
ght
that
aff
ect
s
pat
-
te
r
n
m
at
ching
.
It
was
al
s
o
c
onfirm
ed
that
P
LC
co
uld
be
i
nteg
rated
with
Lab
VI
E
W
usi
ng
OP
C
c
omm
un
ic
at
ion
protoc
ol;
com
m
un
ic
at
ion
wa
s
ena
ble
d
us
in
g
NI
O
PC
Se
r
ver
s
in
this
t
he
sis.
T
he
i
ntegrat
ion
of
sim
at
i
c
PLC
was
il
lustrate
d
in
this
thesis
but
al
m
os
t
al
l
th
e
PLCs
ca
n
be
integrate
d
with
Lab
VI
E
W
us
i
ng
N
I
OP
C
se
r
ver
s;
pro
vid
e
d
the
re
is an
OP
C
dri
ve
r
f
or the
PLC.
In
t
his
thesis
docum
ent
it
was
po
ssible
t
o
pr
e
sent
only
a
sim
ple
patte
r
n
rec
ogniti
on
te
ch
ni
qu
e
f
or
the
obj
ect
sorti
ng.
Although
the
obj
ect
ive
of
sorti
ng
ob
j
ect
usi
ng
m
achine
vision
too
l
was
m
et
,
i
t
was
reali
zed
that
geo
m
et
ric
m
at
ching
to
ol
would
be
m
or
e
robust
for
s
or
t
ing
obj
ect
s.
T
he
obj
ect
s
us
ed
in
the
pa
pe
r
w
ere
al
l
si
m
il
ar;
def
ining
only
one
pa
ram
et
er
cou
ld
be
e
nough
in
s
uch
co
ndit
ion
to
get
the
res
ult.
But
t
he
case
would
no
t
be
t
he
sam
e
al
ways.
T
he
obj
ect
s
m
ay
hav
e
diff
e
re
nt
s
hap
e
s
an
d
siz
es;
in
suc
h
ca
se
s,
it
is
not
en
ough
t
o
m
at
ch
o
nly
th
e
patte
rn
of
th
e
obj
ect
.
Me
as
ur
i
ng
distance
s
betwee
n
tw
o
po
i
nts,
m
easur
in
g
diam
et
ers,
et
c
.
cou
l
d be a
dd
e
d t
o
the
appli
cat
ion
t
o
m
ake it m
or
e p
ower
f
ul and e
rror
-
f
ree.
The
m
ai
n
idea
was
to
interfac
e
LabVIE
W
a
nd
PLC
for
m
or
e
eff
ect
ive
an
d
eff
ic
ie
nt
proc
e
ss
con
tr
ol.
This
pa
per
of
interfaci
ng
tw
o
m
os
t
po
we
rful
te
chnolo
gies
r
uling
the
in
dus
trie
s
le
ad
to
m
any
new
feat
ures
li
ke
acqu
i
rin
g
data
at
faster
rate,
c
on
t
ro
ll
in
g
the
process
accu
ra
te
ly
,
prov
i
ding
Mult
i
-
Taski
ng
operati
ons,
Re
m
ot
e
con
t
ro
ll
in
g
an
d
seve
ral
oth
e
r
featu
res.
Use
d
co
rr
ect
ly
,
m
ulti
thread
in
g
offer
s
nu
m
erous
be
nef
it
s
inc
lud
in
g
m
or
e
eff
ic
ie
nt
CPU
us
e,
bett
er
syst
em
reli
a
bili
ty
,
and
im
p
rove
d
perform
ance
on
m
ulti
pr
oces
sor
c
om
pu
te
rs
.
Using
L
ab
VIE
W,
we
can
sta
rt
to
day
to
m
a
xim
iz
e
perfor
m
ance
on
m
ulti
thread
e
d
op
erati
ng
syst
em
s
an
d
m
ul
ti
pr
ocess
or
com
pu
te
rs
w
it
ho
ut
i
ncr
easi
ng
ei
ther
y
our
de
velo
pm
ent
tim
e
or
the
com
plexity
of
your
app
li
cat
io
n.
B
ecause
t
he
m
ulti
thread
in
g
te
chnolo
gy
of
Lab
VI
E
W
is
im
ple
m
ented
tr
ans
par
e
ntly
,
no
e
xtr
a
pro
gr
am
m
ing
i
s r
e
qu
i
red
to ta
ke full a
dv
a
nta
ge of
m
ulti
thr
eadin
g
te
c
hnol
og
ie
s
.
ACKN
OWLE
DGE
MENTS
We,
a
utho
rs
of
this
pap
e
r
w
ould
li
ke
to
sho
w
our
gr
at
it
ud
e
to
our
fam
ily
,
f
rien
ds
a
nd
c
ollea
gu
e
s
for
sh
ari
ng their
pea
rls of
wisdo
m
w
it
h
us
during the c
ourse
of this
resea
rch
pap
e
r.
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