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1.
I
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p
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to
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ab
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f
ic
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lt
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d
u
r
in
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co
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ti
n
g
en
c
ies
[
1
,
2
]
.
Ho
w
ev
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,
th
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s
c
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a
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g
e
f
r
o
m
co
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d
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
s
y
s
te
m
co
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esti
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[
3
]
.
C
o
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g
esti
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ca
n
b
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d
ef
in
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as
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if
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u
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e
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s
[
4
]
.
I
t is a
co
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w
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lin
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ca
n
ca
r
r
y
[
5
]
.
Op
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is
lan
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m
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m
m
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k
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t
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p
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te
m
[
6
]
.
T
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is
en
s
u
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es p
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u
p
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lie
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to
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a
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m
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to
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;
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an
d
n
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co
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m
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[
7
]
.
T
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9
-
1
1
]
.
A
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
s
t
u
d
ies
o
n
C
M
h
av
e
b
ee
n
d
o
n
e
s
o
f
ar
.
Fo
r
in
s
tan
ce
,
r
e
f
er
en
ce
[
1
2
]
p
r
o
p
o
s
es
t
w
o
m
ea
s
u
r
es
t
h
at
ca
n
b
e
u
s
ed
to
co
n
tr
o
l
co
n
g
e
s
tio
n
;
g
e
n
er
ato
r
r
esch
ed
u
li
n
g
an
d
lo
s
s
r
ed
u
c
tio
n
o
f
r
ea
l
p
o
w
er
.
I
n
[
1
3
]
,
t
h
e
a
u
t
h
o
r
p
r
o
p
o
s
e
s
t
h
e
u
s
e
o
f
F
A
C
T
S
d
e
v
i
c
e
s
i
n
t
h
e
m
a
n
a
g
e
m
e
n
t
o
f
c
o
n
g
e
s
t
i
o
n
a
t
t
r
a
n
s
m
i
s
s
i
o
n
l
e
v
e
l
.
I
n
[
1
4
]
,
r
esch
ed
u
li
n
g
o
f
s
en
s
i
tiv
e
g
en
er
ato
r
s
a
n
d
lo
ad
s
h
ed
d
in
g
is
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
f
o
r
C
M
u
s
i
n
g
P
SO
alg
o
r
it
h
m
.
I
n
[
1
5
]
,
th
e
a
u
t
h
o
r
u
s
ed
th
e
s
en
s
it
iv
i
ties
o
f
o
v
er
lo
ad
ed
lin
e
s
to
g
et
h
er
w
i
th
t
h
e
co
s
t
o
f
p
o
w
er
g
e
n
er
atio
n
a
n
d
lo
ad
s
h
ed
d
in
g
in
C
M.
T
h
e
lo
ad
-
s
h
ed
d
in
g
s
c
h
ed
u
le
an
d
n
e
w
p
o
w
er
g
e
n
er
atio
n
f
o
r
af
f
ec
ted
b
u
s
es
w
as
ca
lcu
lated
u
s
i
n
g
li
n
e
s
e
n
s
itiv
it
ies an
d
th
e
co
s
t.
I
t
is
ch
allen
g
i
n
g
to
co
n
tr
o
l
th
e
p
o
w
er
p
r
o
d
u
ce
d
in
an
is
lan
d
ed
MG
b
y
R
E
Ss
b
ec
au
s
e
t
h
ese
s
o
u
r
ce
s
p
r
o
d
u
ce
p
o
w
er
in
ter
m
itte
n
tl
y
.
L
o
ad
s
h
ed
d
in
g
is
th
e
m
ai
n
m
eth
o
d
o
f
co
n
tr
o
llin
g
s
y
s
te
m
s
t
ab
ilit
y
in
t
h
i
s
ca
s
e
an
d
av
o
id
an
y
d
an
g
er
w
ith
i
n
th
e
M
G
[
1
6
]
.
Op
tim
al
s
h
ed
d
in
g
o
f
co
n
n
ec
ted
lo
ad
s
ass
is
ts
i
n
r
ed
u
ci
n
g
th
e
d
i
f
f
er
en
ce
b
et
w
ee
n
th
e
p
o
w
er
th
at
DG
s
ca
n
s
u
p
p
l
y
a
n
d
th
e
co
n
n
ec
ted
lo
ad
s
[
1
7
]
.
I
n
[
1
8
]
,
A
B
C
al
g
o
r
ith
m
is
u
s
ed
f
o
r
o
v
er
lo
ad
co
n
tr
o
l
b
y
r
esc
h
ed
u
lin
g
g
en
er
ato
r
s
.
T
h
e
au
th
o
r
u
s
e
s
g
e
n
er
ato
r
s
e
n
s
it
iv
i
t
y
f
ac
to
r
s
i
n
s
elec
ti
n
g
t
h
e
g
e
n
er
ato
r
s
t
h
at
p
ar
ticip
ate
in
r
ea
l
p
o
w
er
r
esch
ed
u
lin
g
.
I
n
[
1
9
]
,
A
B
C
a
n
d
P
SO
alg
o
r
ith
m
s
w
er
e
u
s
ed
in
g
en
er
ato
r
r
esch
ed
u
l
in
g
b
ased
o
n
b
u
s
an
d
g
en
er
ato
r
s
en
s
iti
v
it
y
f
ac
to
r
s
f
o
r
C
M
i
n
a
s
y
s
te
m
w
it
h
w
i
n
d
en
er
g
y
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
o
n
l
y
.
I
n
[
2
0
]
,
th
e
au
t
h
o
r
s
u
s
ed
P
SO
in
g
e
n
er
atio
n
r
esc
h
ed
u
li
n
g
an
d
lo
a
d
s
h
ed
d
in
g
in
C
M.
I
n
[
2
1
]
,
co
n
g
esti
o
n
allev
iatio
n
i
n
a
d
er
eg
u
lated
p
o
w
er
s
y
s
te
m
i
s
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
u
s
in
g
c
u
ck
o
o
s
ea
r
ch
al
g
o
r
ith
m
.
T
h
is
w
as
test
ed
o
n
I
E
E
E
3
0
-
b
u
s
s
y
s
te
m
.
A
m
o
d
i
f
icatio
n
o
f
A
B
C
alg
o
r
it
h
m
i
s
ap
p
lied
in
t
h
e
d
eter
m
i
n
atio
n
o
f
th
e
DG
p
o
w
er
o
u
tp
u
t a
n
d
t
h
eir
lo
ca
tio
n
in
r
ef
er
e
n
ce
[
2
2
]
.
T
h
is
w
a
s
test
ed
o
n
3
3
b
u
s
s
y
s
te
m
.
T
h
r
o
u
g
h
lo
ad
s
h
ed
d
in
g
,
t
h
e
a
m
o
u
n
t
o
f
p
o
w
er
d
e
m
an
d
t
h
at
ca
n
b
e
c
u
r
tailed
s
o
as
to
m
i
t
ig
ate
C
M
p
r
o
b
lem
is
d
eter
m
i
n
ed
.
Fro
m
t
h
e
liter
at
u
r
e,
ex
te
n
s
i
v
e
r
e
s
ea
r
ch
o
n
C
M
o
n
MG
s
h
as
b
ee
n
d
o
n
e.
Ho
w
ev
er
,
C
M
u
s
in
g
lo
ad
s
h
ed
d
in
g
alg
o
r
ith
m
s
s
till
r
e
m
ai
n
s
an
o
p
en
is
s
u
e
a
n
d
n
ee
d
s
f
u
r
t
h
er
r
esear
ch
.
I
n
th
i
s
p
ap
er
,
th
e
C
M
p
r
o
b
le
m
in
an
i
s
lan
d
ed
MG
s
u
p
p
lied
w
ith
R
E
Ss
i
s
an
al
y
ze
d
.
T
h
is
is
f
o
r
m
u
lated
as
an
o
p
ti
m
izatio
n
p
r
o
b
lem
.
A
B
C
a
lg
o
r
it
h
m
is
u
s
ed
in
th
e
d
eter
m
i
n
atio
n
o
f
t
h
e
o
p
ti
m
a
l
a
m
o
u
n
t
o
f
lo
ad
to
b
e
s
h
ed
a
n
d
f
r
o
m
w
h
ic
h
b
u
s
es
b
ased
o
n
t
h
eir
p
r
io
r
it
y
in
d
e
x
.
T
h
is
r
est
o
f
t
h
is
p
ap
er
is
o
r
g
an
ized
as
f
o
llo
w
s
;
s
ec
tio
n
2
d
is
c
u
s
s
e
s
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
c
o
n
g
est
io
n
m
a
n
a
g
e
m
e
n
t
m
et
h
o
d
,
its
m
at
h
e
m
a
ti
ca
l
f
o
r
m
u
latio
n
a
n
d
h
o
w
A
B
C
alg
o
r
ith
m
w
ill
b
e
ap
p
lied
; sectio
n
3
an
al
y
s
is
t
h
e
s
i
m
u
lat
io
n
r
es
u
lts
a
n
d
4
s
u
m
m
ar
izes a
n
d
co
n
clu
d
e
s
th
i
s
p
ap
er
.
2.
P
RO
P
O
SE
D
CM
SCH
E
M
E
I
N
AN
I
S
L
AN
D
WI
T
H
RE
S
s
T
h
is
s
i
m
u
latio
n
ass
u
m
es
t
h
at
MG
is
s
u
d
d
en
l
y
s
w
itc
h
ed
to
is
lan
d
o
p
er
ati
o
n
m
o
d
e
d
u
e
to
a
co
n
ti
n
g
e
n
c
y
t
h
at
lead
s
to
lo
s
s
o
f
m
a
in
s
.
Af
ter
a
u
tili
t
y
g
r
id
d
is
tu
r
b
a
n
ce
t
h
at
lead
to
is
lan
d
i
n
g
m
o
d
e,
th
e
p
o
w
er
in
t
h
e
MG
is
al
lo
ca
ted
to
th
e
lo
ad
s
a
s
p
er
t
h
eir
p
r
io
r
it
y
i
n
d
ex
.
F
ig
u
r
e
1
b
elo
w
i
s
a
s
k
etc
h
o
f
a
M
G
w
it
h
R
E
S
s
t
h
at
w
as
u
s
ed
f
o
r
C
M
a
n
al
y
s
i
s
i
n
t
h
i
s
s
tu
d
y
.
T
h
e
lo
ad
s
an
d
b
u
s
e
s
w
it
h
i
n
th
e
is
lan
d
ed
MG
w
er
e
g
iv
e
n
p
r
io
r
it
y
i
n
d
ices,
a
n
d
t
h
en
A
B
C
al
g
o
r
ith
m
w
as
m
o
d
i
f
ied
a
n
d
ap
p
lied
in
s
h
ed
d
in
g
lo
ad
s
i
n
o
r
d
er
to
en
s
u
r
e
th
e
s
y
s
te
m
i
s
n
o
t
s
tr
et
ch
ed
b
e
y
o
n
d
i
t
s
li
m
it
s
.
Fi
g
u
r
e
2
is
t
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
lo
ad
s
h
ed
d
in
g
p
o
w
er
f
lo
w
f
o
r
th
is
s
t
u
d
y
.
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
Mic
r
o
g
r
id
w
it
h
R
E
S
s
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
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:
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&
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Fig
u
r
e
2
.
L
o
ad
s
h
ed
d
in
g
p
o
w
e
r
f
lo
w
f
o
r
C
M
2
.
1
.
M
a
t
he
m
a
t
ica
l pro
ble
m
f
o
r
mu
la
t
io
n
T
h
e
m
ai
n
o
b
j
ec
tiv
e
o
f
th
is
p
ap
er
is
to
allev
iate
ele
m
en
t
s
o
f
s
y
s
te
m
co
n
g
es
tio
n
in
a
n
is
la
n
d
ed
MG
th
r
o
u
g
h
m
i
n
i
m
izi
n
g
o
v
er
lo
ad
s
b
y
o
p
ti
m
al
lo
ad
s
h
e
d
d
in
g
u
s
i
n
g
A
B
C
a
lg
o
r
it
h
m
.
T
h
is
is
e
x
p
r
ess
ed
th
e
ex
p
r
es
s
io
n
s
1
-
3
b
elo
w
;
1
=
∑
(
−
)
2
=
1
(
1
)
2
=
∑
(
+
+
2
)
+
|
∗
s
in
(
∗
(
−
,
)
)
|
=
1
+
∑
(
′
+
′
ℎ
,
)
=
1
(
2
)
=
(
,
)
(
3
)
S
t
a
r
t
I
n
i
t
i
a
l
i
z
e
f
o
o
d
p
o
si
t
i
o
n
s a
n
d
a
l
g
o
r
i
t
h
m
p
a
r
a
me
t
e
r
s
Ev
a
l
u
a
t
e
c
o
n
n
e
c
t
e
d
l
o
a
d
s
(
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a
n
d
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e
m g
e
n
e
r
a
t
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o
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c
a
p
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o
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a
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a
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s
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i
o
l
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d
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s
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d
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
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p
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4555
w
h
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e
is
th
e
s
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s
te
m
r
ea
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p
o
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lo
s
s
,
is
t
h
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m
a
x
i
m
u
m
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p
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it
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i
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t
h
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u
m
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th
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ℎ
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∑
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w
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l p
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ato
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es r
esp
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2
.
2
.
A
B
C
al
g
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t
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m
S
w
ar
m
in
te
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g
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ce
alg
o
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it
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m
s
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tl
y
p
r
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ed
ap
p
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h
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s
o
l
v
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d
y
n
a
m
i
c
o
p
tim
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n
NP
-
h
ar
d
p
r
o
b
lem
s
i
n
e
n
g
i
n
ee
r
i
n
g
[
2
3
]
.
AB
C
alg
o
r
it
h
m
i
s
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m
e
ta
-
h
e
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r
is
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ith
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E
r
ci
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es
U
n
iv
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s
i
t
y
o
f
T
u
r
k
e
y
[
2
4
]
.
T
h
is
alg
o
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it
h
m
m
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th
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f
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ag
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th
e
h
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v
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s
h
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w
n
i
n
Fi
g
u
r
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3
[
2
2
]
.
I
n
t
h
is
a
lg
o
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it
h
m
,
th
e
lo
ca
tio
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o
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o
p
ti
m
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p
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le
m
b
ei
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g
s
o
lv
ed
.
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h
e
q
u
an
tit
y
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d
q
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t
y
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f
n
ec
tar
in
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icate
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at
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o
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tio
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.
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as h
ig
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elo
w
[
2
5
]
;
T
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e
e
m
p
lo
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ed
b
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s
.
T
h
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y
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e.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
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2
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8
8
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8708
I
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t J
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Fig
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4
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