Int
ern
at
i
onal
Journ
al of Ele
ctrical
an
d
Co
mput
er
En
gin
eeri
ng
(IJ
E
C
E)
Vo
l.
10
,
No.
3
,
June
2020
,
pp.
3086
~
3094
IS
S
N:
20
88
-
8708
,
DOI: 10
.11
591/
ijece
.
v
10
i
3
.
pp3086
-
309
4
3086
Journ
al h
om
e
page
:
http:
//
ij
ece.i
aesc
or
e.c
om/i
nd
ex
.ph
p/IJ
ECE
Develop
ed high
ga
in m
i
crostrip
an
tenna li
ke mic
roph
one
structur
e for
5G appli
ca
ti
on
H. Yon
1
, N.
H.
A
b
d
Rahma
n
2
, M.
A
A
ri
s
3
,
H.
Ju
m
aat
4
1,
2
,4
Antenna
R
ese
arc
h
Cen
tre (ARC),
Facu
lty
of Electrical E
ng
in
ee
ring
,
Univ
ersiti
T
eknol
ogi
MA
RA,
Malay
si
a
2
Malay
s
ia
-
Jap
an
Inte
rn
at
ion
al In
stit
ute of Te
chno
log
y
(MJ
IIT
), Univer
siti
T
eknologi
Mal
a
y
s
ia,
M
al
a
y
si
a
3
Facul
t
y
of Elect
ric
a
l
Eng
ineeri
n
g,
Univer
si
ti T
ek
nologi
MA
RA Kam
pus Dungun, M
al
a
y
s
ia
Art
ic
le
In
f
o
ABSTR
A
CT
Art
ic
le
history:
Re
cei
ved
Sep
20
, 201
9
Re
vised
N
ov
2
7
,
2019
Accepte
d
Dec
10, 201
9
W
e
pre
sent
a
n
ew
deve
lopmen
t
of
m
ic
rostrip
a
nte
nna
stru
ct
ur
e
combining
a
sim
ple
ci
rcu
l
ar
struc
ture
wit
h
a
r
ing
an
te
nn
a
struc
ture
as
t
he
par
asit
i
c
el
ement
to
improve
the
ante
nna
gai
n
and
bandwidt
h
for
5G
m
obil
e
appl
i
ca
t
ion.
The
proposed
an
te
n
na
was
f
ed
b
y
a
50Ω
m
ic
rostrip
fee
ding
lin
e
due
to
it
s
adv
ant
ag
es
in
p
erf
orm
anc
e.
The
ant
enn
a
was
d
esigne
d
and
sim
ula
te
d
using
a
single
subs
t
rat
e
with
doubl
e
lay
er
ed
copp
er
(top
and
bott
om
)
with
t
he
rad
i
at
ing
p
a
tc
h
on
t
h
e
top
lay
er
and
full
ground
on
the
bott
om
lay
e
r
of
the
sam
e
subs
tra
te.
Thr
ee
a
nte
nnas
hav
e
be
en
designed
namel
y
;
design
1,
design2
and
design3
to
co
m
ple
te
th
e
rese
arc
h
works
.
The
an
te
nn
as
ware
sim
ula
t
ed
a
nd
opti
m
iz
ed
at
18
GH
z
using
Com
pute
r
Sim
ula
ti
on
Te
c
hnolog
y
(CST)
with
p
ermitt
i
vity
,
r
=
2.
2
an
d
thickness,
h
=
1.
57m
m
on
low
-
loss
m
at
eri
a
l
Roger
RT
-
Duroid
5880
subs
tra
te
.
The
ant
enn
as
wa
re
re
asona
bl
y
w
e
ll
m
at
c
hed
at
their
cor
r
esponding
fre
quen
c
y
of
oper
ations.
The
sim
ula
t
ion
and
m
ea
s
ure
m
ent
result
s
hav
e
show
n
tha
t
the
ant
enn
a
wor
ks
well
.
Th
e
si
m
ula
ti
on
r
esult
s
have
show
n
th
at
the
three
ant
enn
a
s
works
well
at
the
sel
ecte
d
fre
quen
c
y
.
T
he
fina
l
sim
ula
t
ed
ant
enn
a
for
design1,
d
esign2
and
d
e
sign3
has
been
fab
ri
ca
t
ed
t
o
m
ea
sure
the
p
erf
orm
ance
and
al
so
t
o
validate
th
e
sim
ula
t
ion
r
esult
with
the
m
ea
surem
en
t
result
.
The
m
e
asure
m
ent
data
f
or
ant
enn
a
desig
n1,
design2
and
design3
sh
ows
fre
quency
shift
of
3%
from
the
si
m
ula
ti
on
result.
The
f
ina
l
prot
y
p
e
of
d
esign3
gi
v
es
6.
6dB
g
ai
n
,
-
1
4.
51dB
re
turn
lo
ss
,
180MH
z
bandwidt
h,
and
ant
enn
a
eff
ici
ency
of
53
.
9%
.
All
thr
ee
a
nt
enna
s
ware
m
ea
sured
using
Vec
tor
n
et
work
ana
l
y
z
er
(VN
A) a
nd
An
e
cho
ic c
h
amber.
Ke
yw
or
d
s
:
5G
CST
Mi
cro
strip
patc
h
a
nten
na
Parasit
ic
VSW
R
Copyright
©
202
0
Instit
ut
e
o
f Ad
vanc
ed
Engi
n
ee
r
ing
and
S
cienc
e
.
Al
l
rights re
serv
ed
.
Corres
pond
in
g
Aut
h
or
:
Ham
iz
an
Yon
,
An
te
nn
a
Resea
rch Ce
ntre
(A
RC
),
Fac
ulty
of Elect
rical
E
nginee
rin
g
,
Un
i
ver
sit
i
Te
knol
og
i M
ARA
,
Sh
a
h
Alam
, S
el
angor 4
0450,
Ma
la
ysi
a
.
Em
a
il
:
ha
m
iz
a
n2816@
uit
m
.ed
u.m
y
1.
INTROD
U
CTION
Ma
ny
researc
he
r
s
ha
ve
us
ed
m
ic
ro
strip
a
ntenn
a
i
n
their
a
nt
enn
a
desi
gn
du
e
to
it
s
adv
a
nta
ges
of
li
ght
weig
ht,
lo
w
vo
lum
e
and
thi
n
prof
il
e
c
onfig
urat
ion
[1
-
3]
.
M
os
t
of
t
he
a
nte
nn
a
de
vel
op
m
ent
ha
ve
ch
os
e
n
this
m
ic
ro
strip
ant
enn
a
str
uct
ur
e
to
fo
c
us
on
reducin
g
the
a
nten
na
siz
e
[4
-
5]
.
I
n
the
in
com
ing
5G
ne
twork
te
chnolo
gy
,
sm
al
l
siz
e
ante
nn
a
s
are
highly
in
de
m
and
to
cat
er
for
hi
gh
f
re
qu
e
ncy
al
lpica
ti
on
and
thu
s
,
mi
cro
strip
ante
nn
a
s
are
fou
nd
to
be
a
m
on
g
t
he
m
os
t
su
it
able
antenn
as
to
be
ad
op
te
d
f
or
the
nex
t
ge
nerat
ion
anten
na
de
vice
s.
Easi
er
to
de
sign,
low
pro
file
config
ur
at
io
n
an
d
wide
ra
ng
e
of
a
ppli
cat
ion
s
[6]
are
s
om
e
of
reasons
of why
m
os
t of
the r
e
sea
rch
e
r
s opte
d
for
m
ic
ro
strip an
te
nna
. Alt
hough
the m
ic
ro
strip a
nten
na
po
s
sess
a
lot
of
ad
van
t
ages,
the
m
ic
ro
strip
has
s
om
e
lim
it
at
ion
s
.
A
m
on
g
them
are
loss
es
from
th
e
le
akag
e
at
the
op
e
n
bounda
ry, sm
al
l rad
ia
te
d p
ower a
nd b
a
ndwi
dth
,
lo
w powe
r
h
a
nd
li
ng ca
pa
bili
ti
es
[7]
an
d l
i
m
it
ed
gain
[8]
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
In
t J
Elec
&
C
om
p
En
g
IS
S
N:
20
88
-
8708
Develo
ped h
i
gh
ga
i
n microst
rip
an
te
nna
li
k
e m
ic
r
ophone
s
tructure f
or
5G
app
li
catio
n
(
H
. Yon
)
3087
In
a
dvance
,
m
any
anten
na
s
hav
e
bee
n
devel
op
e
d
by
m
any
resea
rch
e
r
s
su
c
h
as
in
[5]
to
i
m
pr
ove
m
ic
ro
strip
a
ntenn
a
perf
or
m
ance
and
t
hese
sc
enar
i
os
ha
ve
in
crease
the
a
ntenn
a
dem
and
in
m
any
syst
e
m
s
su
c
h
as
W
i
-
Fi
[
9]
,
W
iM
AX
[
10
]
,
W
LA
N
[
11]
and
oth
e
r
ap
pl
ic
at
ion
s
[
12
]
.
Re
centl
y,
the
m
ob
il
e
app
li
cat
ion
an
d
desig
n
ha
ve
exp
e
rience
d
si
gn
i
ficant
gro
wth,
es
pecial
ly
du
e
to
the
fu
tu
re
5G
m
ob
il
e
network
[
13]
.
Ma
ny
researc
he
r
s
ha
ve
de
ve
lop
e
d
an
d
des
ign
ed
their
an
te
nn
a
s
ba
sed
on
these
new
requirem
ent
s
.
So
m
e
researc
her
s
ha
ve
desi
gn
ed
th
ei
r
anten
na
s
to
cov
e
r
hi
gh
fr
e
qu
e
ncy
ba
nd
due
to
this
ra
pi
d
de
velo
pm
ent
of
5G
wireless
netw
ork
[14]
.
Ty
pi
cal
ly
,
a
patch
anten
na
has
a
gain
valu
e
of
betwee
n
5
to
6dBi
[2]
.
Wi
th
this
lim
it
at
ion
,
rese
arch
e
r
ha
s
de
ve
lop
e
d
f
utu
re
a
nten
na
pr
opos
e
dly
to
i
m
pr
ove
the
anten
na
ga
in.
S
om
e
research
e
r
hav
e
us
e
d
m
e
tam
at
erial
[15]
,
arr
ay
struct
ur
e
[16]
,
slott
ed
str
uctur
e
[
17
]
an
d
diele
ct
ric
loade
d
Vivald
i
structu
re
[18]
t
o
im
pr
ove the
m
ic
ro
strip a
nte
nn
a
g
ai
n.
In
this
researc
h
w
orks
,
the
de
sign
e
d
ante
nn
a
s
tructu
re
is
s
i
m
ulate
d
us
in
g
an
us
e
r
f
rien
dl
y
so
ftwar
e
,
Com
pu
te
r
Sim
ulati
on
Tec
hnol
og
y
(CS
T).
T
hr
ee
a
nten
nas
hav
e
bee
n
desi
gn
e
d
to
com
plete
the
resea
rc
h
w
orks
for
gain
im
pr
ove
m
ent. Th
e first an
te
nna w
it
h
basic ci
rc
ular
sh
ape
d
has be
en
desi
gn
e
d
du
e to its adv
anta
ges
as
m
entioned
in
[
19
]
to
res
on
a
nt
at
18GH
z
.
T
hen,
the
sec
on
d
ante
nna
has
been
desi
gn
e
d
us
in
g
a
ri
ng
–
s
hape
d
structu
re
that
c
an
res
onant
at
the
sam
e
fr
equency
ba
nd
a
s
d
esi
gn
1,
w
hich
is
18GHz.
A
nt
enn
a
desig
n
3
with
the co
m
bin
at
io
n of
desi
gn1
a
nd
desig
n 2
has been
d
e
sig
ned
as the
final
pro
toty
pe
an
d
is
optim
iz
ed
to im
pro
ve
the
anten
na
ga
in.
The
rin
g
an
te
nn
a
that
is
rounde
d
outsi
de
the
ci
rcu
la
r
ra
diati
ng
patc
h
works
as
the
par
asi
ti
c
el
e
m
ent
[20]
to
im
pr
ov
e
the
anten
na
gain.
The
e
ff
ect
of
t
he
par
asi
ti
c
el
em
ent
that
is
pl
aced
a
rou
nd
t
he
m
a
in
rad
ia
ti
ng
patch
has
bee
n
obse
rv
e
d
us
in
g
C
S
T
softwa
re.
Th
e
final
o
pti
m
izati
on
for
a
nten
na
desig
n1,
a
nt
enn
a
desig
n2
an
d
an
te
nn
a
de
sig
n3
ha
ve
been
fabr
ic
at
ed
and
m
ea
su
re
d
f
or
valid
at
ion
pur
pose
.
The
sim
ulati
on
and
fabrica
ti
on r
es
ult
s
su
c
h
a
s
gain,
ba
ndwidt
h
a
nd ef
fici
ency
a
re in
go
od
ag
re
e
m
ent
.
2.
AN
TE
NNA D
ESIGN
The
first
ante
nna
was
de
vel
oped
us
in
g
a
ci
rcu
la
r
str
uctur
e
as
sh
ow
n
in
Figure
1.
A
50
O
hm
feed
ing
li
ne
was
us
e
d
to
co
nnect
the
ra
diati
ng
patc
h
with
the
el
e
ct
rical
source
[21].
T
he
dim
e
ns
io
n
of
the
ci
rcu
la
r
anten
na
was
cal
culat
ed
us
i
ng
e
qu
at
io
ns
in
[22
-
23]
.
To
desig
n
the
ci
rcu
la
r
str
uctur
e
,
so
m
e
calcu
la
te
d
dim
enion
s
s
ha
ll
be
de
te
rm
in
ed
in
or
der
to
de
velo
p
t
he
a
nten
na
str
uct
ure
es
pecial
ly
fo
r
the
patch
r
adius
.
The
act
ual r
a
di
us
(
)
of the
circ
ul
ar p
at
c
h
is
give
n by
[
22]
.
(1)
Wh
e
re
F is a c
on
sta
nt
giv
e
n b
y (2):
(2)
The
e
ff
ect
ive
ra
diu
s
of the
p
at
ch (
a
e
)
is
deter
m
ined
by
(
3)
:
(3)
Hen
ce
, th
e
r
es
on
a
nt
fr
e
qu
e
nc
y i
s shown by (
4)
:
(4)
w
he
re
0
is t
he fr
ee space
sp
ee
d of l
igh
t.
Af
te
r
the
c
omplet
ion
of
ante
nn
a
desig
n1,
we
de
velo
ped
seco
nd
a
nten
na
(an
te
nna
de
s
ign2)
us
in
g
a
rin
g
sh
a
pe
a
s
sho
wn
in
Fig
ur
e
1
(
b).
T
he
anten
na
has
be
en
desig
ne
d
t
o
res
on
a
nt
at
t
he
sam
e
fr
eq
ue
ncy
as
the
anten
na
de
sign1.
On
ce
c
om
plete
d,
the
anten
na
desi
gn3,
w
hich
is
ac
om
bin
at
ion
of
desig
n1
an
d
de
sig
n2
(that
w
orks
a
s
a
pa
rasit
ic
el
e
m
ent)
has
been
de
si
gn
e
d
as
sho
wn
i
n
Fig
ur
e
1
(c).
The
ob
j
ect
ive
of
this
com
bin
at
ion
is
t
o
to
s
ol
ve
the
pr
e
vious
desig
n
iss
ue
wh
ic
h
was
to
im
pr
ov
e
t
he
anten
na
gain
f
or
5G appli
cat
ion.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IS
S
N
:
2088
-
8708
In
t J
Elec
&
C
om
p
En
g,
V
ol.
10
, No
.
3
,
J
une
2020
:
30
86
-
3094
3088
(a)
(b)
(c)
Figure
1
.
A
nte
nn
a
(a
) d
esi
gn
1
(b) desi
gn
2
(
c)
desig
n3
The
pro
posed
anten
na
was
de
s
ign
e
d
on
a
fu
l
l
gr
ound
co
ppe
r
in
order
to
im
pro
ve
the
e
le
ct
ro
m
agn
et
ic
ref
le
ct
io
n
[
24
]
.
The
total
siz
e
of
the
a
nten
na
was
30
m
m
x
30
m
m
,
a
nd
the
anten
na
has
achieve
d
res
on
ant
at
18G
Hz
f
or
5G
m
ob
il
e
app
li
cat
ion
[
25
]
.T
he
di
m
ension
of
the
pro
po
se
d
f
inal
desig
n3
a
nten
na
str
ucture
ar
e
giv
e
n
in
Ta
ble
1.
Table
1.
A
nten
na
desig
n3
para
m
et
er
Para
m
eters
Valu
e [
m
m
]
Dia
m
et
er
o
f
p
atch
5
.6
Leng
th
of
f
eed
8
.94
Leng
th
of
su
b
strate
30
Mater
i
al
’s
th
ick
n
e
ss
1
.57
W
id
th
o
f
parasitic
ele
m
en
t
1
.95
W
id
th
of
f
eed
4
.9
W
id
th
of
su
b
strate
30
3.
RESU
LT
S
A
ND
DI
SCUS
S
ION
S
In
this
sect
io
n,
t
he
si
m
ulate
d
resu
lt
s
f
or
the
anten
na
desi
gn1,
d
e
sig
n2
a
nd
desig
n3
a
re
com
par
ed
i
n
te
rm
of
their
pe
rfor
m
ance,
re
s
pecti
vely
.
Fig
ur
e
2
sho
ws
th
e
anten
na
re
flect
ion
coe
ff
ic
ie
nt
,
11
fo
r
a
nten
na
(a)
d
esi
gn
1
,
(b)
de
sign2
a
nd
(c
)
desig
n3
.
F
r
om
the
res
ults
obt
ai
ned
i
n
Fig
ur
e
2,
t
he
re
flect
ion
c
oeffici
ent
shows
that
the
ante
nna
de
sig
n1
ha
ve
ac
hieve
d
11
of
-
33.
59dB
a
t
18GH
z
.
F
ro
m
the
si
m
ulatio
n,
it
s
hows
that
the
ante
nn
a
ha
s
co
ver
e
d
7.6
%
of
oper
at
in
g
ba
ndwi
dth
a
t
the
desire
d
f
reque
ncy
ra
nge
from
17
.
43GH
z
t
o
18.75
G
Hz
.Me
anwhil
e
in
a
ntenn
a
desi
gn
,
a
good
re
flect
io
n
co
ef
fici
ent
ha
s
bee
n
ac
hiev
ed
afte
r
opti
m
i
zat
ion
process
.
H
owe
ver,
the
a
nten
na
desig
n2
ha
ve
ob
ta
in
ed
sm
aller
ba
ndwidt
h
than
desig
n1,
wh
ic
h
is
only
6.6%
from
17
.35
GHz
to
18.49
GH
z
.
In
t
he
thir
d
anten
na
desi
gn
,
the
integrati
on
of
ante
nn
a
de
sign2
into
a
nt
enna
desig
n1
was
pe
rfor
m
ed
to
optim
iz
e
the
side
e
ff
ec
t
of
the
return
l
os
s.
From
the
F
ig
ur
e
2,
it
sho
w
s
that
the
ref
le
ct
io
n
coeffic
ie
nt
of
the
pr
opos
e
d
a
nten
na
f
or
ant
enn
a
desi
gn3
has
been
im
prov
e
d
to
-
37.73
dB
with
band
width
co
ver
a
ge
of1
7.1
4GHz
t
o
18.
58G
Hz,
a
n
i
m
pr
ov
em
ent
of
8.4%
of
op
e
rati
onal
ba
ndwidt
h.
Fr
om
the
figur
e,
it
is
cl
ear
th
at
the
op
ti
m
ized
struct
ur
e
is
ob
ta
ine
d
f
ro
m
the
com
bin
ed
structu
re
(
des
ign3)
,
wh
ic
h has ac
hi
eved g
ood i
m
p
ed
ance
m
at
chi
ng and
broa
der ba
ndwidt
h
as
com
par
ed
t
o d
esi
gn1
a
nd
des
ign2.
Figure
3
sho
w
s
the
VSWR
f
or
a
nten
na
des
ign1,
desig
n2
and
desi
gn3,
r
especti
vely
.
T
he
val
ues
f
or
the
pro
posed
anten
na
is
le
ss
than
2dB
at
the
des
ire
d
ba
nd
of
fr
e
qu
e
ncy
(
17.5
G
Hz
-
18.
5GHz)
.
Fr
om
the
si
m
ulati
on
res
ults
,
it
sh
ow
s
th
at
the
pr
op
ose
d
anten
na
c
an
be
de
sig
ne
d
f
or
5G
Mob
il
e
com
m
un
ic
at
ion
syst
e
m
app
li
cat
ion
(
base
on
the
ITU
sta
nd
ard)
[
26
]
.
T
he
si
m
ulati
on
wor
ks
we
re
co
ntin
ued
to
evaluate
the
a
nt
enn
a
c
urren
t
di
stribu
ti
on
as
s
how
n
in
F
ig
ur
e
4
.
Fig
ure
4
s
hows
that
the
c
urren
t
distrib
ution
is
con
ce
ntrate
d
at
the
ed
ge
of
th
e
rad
ia
ti
ng
pat
ch
str
uctu
re
an
d
it
is
sh
ows
t
hat
the
propos
ed
ante
nna
ha
ve
be
e
n
well
m
a
tc
h
to
the
50Ω
i
nput
i
m
ped
ance
of
t
he
syst
em
design.
T
he
n,
furth
er
in
vestigat
io
n
h
as
bee
n
m
a
de
by
evaluati
ng
the
anten
na
ra
diati
on
patte
rn.
Ra
diati
on
patte
r
n
is
ver
y
i
m
po
rtant
aspect
in
de
sign
i
ng
a
n
an
te
nn
a.
The
rad
ia
ti
on
patte
rn
is
use
d
to
obser
ve
the
de
pende
ncy
of
the
ra
diati
on
stren
gth
of
the
anten
na
with
r
espec
t
to
it
s
an
gu
la
r
di
rec
ti
on
from
a
source
.
Fig
ure
5
s
hows
t
he
a
nten
nas
rad
ia
ti
on
patte
r
n
in
2
-
D
view
f
or
de
sign1
,
desig
n2
a
nd
de
sign3,
res
pecti
vely
.
Me
an
w
hile
Fig
ur
e
6
shows
the
ante
nn
a
ra
diati
on
patt
ern
in
3
-
D
vie
w
for
three a
nten
na,
resp
ect
ively
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
In
t J
Elec
&
C
om
p
En
g
IS
S
N:
20
88
-
8708
Develo
ped h
i
gh
ga
i
n microst
rip
an
te
nna
li
k
e m
ic
r
ophone
s
tructure f
or
5G
app
li
catio
n
(
H
. Yon
)
3089
The
s
umm
ary
of
the
sim
ulated
res
ult
of
t
he
desig
ne
d
ant
enn
a
a
re
gi
ve
n
in
Table
2.
A
s
show
n
in
the
ta
ble,
t
he
anten
na
desig
n3
has
bette
r
perform
ance
as
com
par
ed
to
desig
n1
a
nd
desig
n2.
At
18G
Hz
,
the
gain
of
t
he
ante
nn
a
de
sign3
is
9.1
8d
Bi
.
M
ea
nwhile
the
ref
le
ct
ion
coe
ff
ic
ie
nt
is
-
37.
7
3d
B
and
the
ba
ndwi
dth
is
1307MHz
.
T
her
e
fore,
desi
gn3
is
dem
on
str
at
ed
to
giv
e
be
tt
er
gain
,
band
width
an
d
e
ff
ic
ie
ncy
as com
par
ed
to
d
esi
gn1
a
nd
de
sign2,
corres
pondin
gly.
Figure
2
.
Re
fle
ct
ion
c
oeffici
ent
ante
nn
a
de
sign
1
,
desig
n2 a
nd d
e
sign3
Fig
ure
3
.
V
S
W
R
s
im
ul
a
t
i
on
r
e
s
ul
t
(a)
(b)
(c)
Figure
4. A
nte
nn
a
(
a
) desig
n1
(b) desi
gn
2
(
c)
desig
n3
Figure
5. 2
-
D
r
adiat
ion
patte
r
n
of ante
nn
a
d
e
sign1,
d
esi
gn2 and de
sig
n3
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IS
S
N
:
2088
-
8708
In
t J
Elec
&
C
om
p
En
g,
V
ol.
10
, No
.
3
,
J
une
2020
:
30
86
-
3094
3090
(a)
(b)
(c)
Figure
6. 3
-
D
view o
f
fa
r
-
fiel
d radiat
io
n patt
ern
f
or
(a
) d
esi
gn1
,
(b) de
sig
n2 a
nd (
c
) desig
n3
Table
2.
Sim
ul
at
ion
resu
lt
P
a
ram
et
er
s
D
e
s
i
g
n
1
D
e
s
i
g
n
2
D
e
s
i
g
n
3
F
r
e
q
u
e
n
cy
(G
Hz
)
18
18
18
S
1
1
(
d
B)
-
3
3
.
5
9
-
1
8
.
3
1
-
3
7
.
7
3
G
a
i
n
(
d
B
i)
7
.
8
7
6
.
3
3
9
.
1
8
B
a
n
d
w
i
d
t
h
(
MH
z)
119
2
114
0
1307
V
SW
R
(
d
B
)
1
.
0
4
2
1
.
2
7
6
1
.
0
0
1
E
ff
i
c
i
e
n
cy
(
%)
8
2
.
8
8
5
.
5
9
1
.
9
4.
MEASU
REM
ENT RES
UL
T
As
s
how
n
i
n
Figure
7,
th
re
e
ante
nn
as
ha
ve
bee
n
fa
bri
cat
ed
to
m
easur
e
their
pe
rform
ance
an
d
t
o
ver
ify
their
si
m
ula
ti
on
and
m
easur
em
ent
resu
lt
.
The
ante
nn
a
perform
ance
has
been
m
easur
e
d
us
i
ng
Keysi
ght
Vecto
r
Netw
ork
Anal
yz
er
f
or
the
re
flect
ion
c
oeffici
ent
a
nd
us
in
g
a
nec
ho
ic
cham
ber
for
t
he
far
-
fiel
d
ra
di
at
ion
patte
rn.
The
a
nten
na
re
flect
ion
c
oeffici
ent
is
com
par
ed
be
tween
sim
ulatio
n
a
nd
fabrica
ti
o
n
res
ult
as
sho
w
n
in Figu
re
8
.
The
m
easur
em
ent
data
f
or
a
nt
enn
a
desig
n1,
desig
n2
a
nd
desig
n3
sho
w
the
fr
e
quency
sh
ift
of
3%
from
the
si
m
ulati
on
due
t
o
the
im
pr
eci
sion
in
ha
nd
l
ing
t
he
m
easur
em
ent
proc
ess
an
d
fa
br
i
cat
ion
inaccu
racies
[
2]
.
H
ow
e
ve
r,
t
he
m
easur
ed
f
reque
ncy
is
within
the
r
an
ge
of
5G
netw
ork
[
25,
26]
.
Fi
gure
9
sh
ows
the
ant
enn
a
ra
diati
on
patte
r
n
in
2
-
D
view
that
ha
s
bee
n
m
easur
e
d
us
in
g
an
echo
ic
cham
ber
a
nd
Figure
10 s
hows
th
e
3
-
D view
of
t
he patt
er
ns
.
A
lt
hough
the
anten
na
ref
l
ect
ion
c
oeffici
ent
hasslig
htly
sh
ifte
d
fro
m
the
si
m
u
la
te
d
res
ult,
the
m
easur
em
ent
of
t
he
fina
l
anten
na
s
ho
ws
a
ve
ry
cl
ose
ag
reem
ent
to
the
sim
ulated
resu
lt
.
As
show
n
i
n
Figure
9,
the
a
nten
na
2
-
D
ra
diati
on
patte
r
n
sh
ows
good
m
easur
em
ent
resu
lt
.
Howe
ve
r,
the
gain
is
lowe
r
as
com
par
ed
t
o
the
sim
ulate
d
r
esult
.
T
he
re
s
ult
show
s
that
the
gain
of
the
a
nten
na
de
sign1
has
dec
reased
from
7.
87dBi
to
6.2
dBi,
and
for
desig
n
2,
the
gain
is
reduced
fro
m
6.
33dBi
to
5.98dBi
as
well
as
from
9.
16dBi
to
6.6d
Bi
f
or
desig
n3.
The
s
e
reducti
on
s
of
gain
values
are
belie
ve
d
due
to
the
im
p
roper
handlin
g
w
he
n
the
anten
na
is
placed
on
t
he
ante
nn
a
holder
in
the
c
ham
ber
.
T
he
m
easur
em
ent
resu
lt
is
su
m
m
arized in
Table
3.
(a)
(b)
(c)
Figure
7. Fa
br
i
cat
ed
ante
nna (
a)
desig
n1, (b
) desig
n2 a
nd (
c
) d
esi
gn3
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
In
t J
Elec
&
C
om
p
En
g
IS
S
N:
20
88
-
8708
Develo
ped h
i
gh
ga
i
n microst
rip
an
te
nna
li
k
e m
ic
r
ophone
s
tructure f
or
5G
app
li
catio
n
(
H
. Yon
)
3091
(a)
(b)
(c)
Figure
8.
Com
par
is
on of sim
ulate
d
a
nd m
ea
su
re
d reflect
io
n
c
oeffici
ent fo
r
a
nten
na
,
(a)
desi
gn1 (b)
desig
n2 a
nd (
c
) d
esi
gn3
(a)
(b)
Figure
9. Com
par
is
on of
far
-
f
ie
ld r
a
diati
on
pa
tt
ern
betwee
n sim
ulati
on
and
m
easur
e
m
ent r
esult,
(a)
desi
gn1, (
b)
desi
gn2
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IS
S
N
:
2088
-
8708
In
t J
Elec
&
C
om
p
En
g,
V
ol.
10
, No
.
3
,
J
une
2020
:
30
86
-
3094
3092
(c)
Figure
9. Com
par
is
on of
far
-
f
ie
ld r
a
diati
on
pa
tt
ern
betwee
n sim
ulati
on
and
m
easur
e
m
ent r
esult
,
(c)
desi
gn3
(
co
ntinu
e
)
Figure
10.
Me
a
su
re
d 3
-
D fa
r
-
f
ie
ld p
at
te
r
n for
(a) de
sig
n1, (b
) desig
n2 and
(
c)
desig
n3
Table
3.
A
nten
na
m
easur
em
e
nt r
es
ult
P
a
ram
et
er
s
D
e
s
i
g
n
1
D
e
s
i
g
n
2
D
e
s
i
g
n
3
S
im
u
la
t
e
d
M
e
a
s
u
r
e
d
S
im
u
la
t
e
d
M
e
a
s
u
r
e
d
S
im
u
la
t
e
d
M
e
a
s
u
r
e
d
F
r
e
q
u
e
n
cy
(G
Hz
)
18
18
.6
18
18
.3
18
18
.6
S
1
1
(
d
B)
-
3
3
.
5
9
-
1
4
.
0
6
-
1
8
.
3
1
-
1
4
.
0
5
-
6
6
.
4
8
-
1
4
.
5
1
G
a
i
n
(
d
B
i)
7
.
8
7
6
.
2
6
.
3
3
5
.
9
8
9
.
1
8
6
.
6
B
a
n
d
w
i
d
t
h
(
MH
z)
1197
160
1170
160
1307
180
E
ff
i
c
i
e
n
cy
(
%)
8
2
.
8
5
2
.
8
8
5
.
5
5
1
.
5
9
1
.
9
53
.9
5.
CONCL
US
I
O
N
A
new
ante
nn
a
desig
n
i
n
the
form
of
a
m
ic
ro
ph
on
e
str
uctu
re
wa
s
desig
ne
d
a
nd
eval
uated
.
T
hro
ugh
the
anten
na
si
m
ula
t
ion
software
,
a
pa
ram
et
ric
stud
y
wa
s
perform
ed
to
analy
ze
an
d
to
optim
iz
e
t
he
fi
nal
anten
na
desi
gn3
c
onfig
urat
ion.
The
a
nten
na
was
desig
n
ed
t
o
achiev
e
good
m
a
tc
hin
g
at
the
res
on
a
nt
fr
e
qu
e
ncy
of
18G
Hz
with
high
gain
.
The
fi
na
l
anten
na
with
a
ci
rc
ular
rin
g
locat
e
d
ar
ou
nd
t
he
m
ai
n
ra
diati
ng
patch
works
a
s
a
par
asi
ti
c
el
e
m
ent,
wh
ic
h
has
im
pr
ov
e
d
the
overall
ant
enn
a
pe
rfor
m
ance
in
te
rm
so
f
gain,
band
width
an
d
ef
fici
ency.
Althou
gh
the
si
m
ulati
on
r
esult
sho
ws
cl
ear
im
pr
ov
e
m
ent
on
the
res
ult
,
the
pe
rfo
rm
ance
of
the
fa
bri
cat
ed
a
nt
en
na
has
s
how
n
som
e
degrad
at
io
ns
due
to
im
p
roper
ha
ndli
ng
duri
ng
m
easur
em
ent
process
.
F
ur
th
er
in
vestigat
io
n
s
hall
be
done
to
im
pr
ov
e
t
he
a
nten
na
pe
r
form
ance
espe
ci
al
ly
to
m
ini
m
ise
the sh
ifti
ng er
ror.
T
he
ra
diati
on p
a
tt
ern
, whic
h
w
as shown t
o
be
sh
ifte
d
f
ro
m
0
directi
on
i
n
E
-
pla
ne
al
so
s
hall
be
inv
est
ig
at
ed
in
f
uture
to
i
m
pr
ov
e
th
e
a
nten
na
perfor
m
ance
in
real
5G
ap
plica
ti
on
an
d
env
i
ronm
ent.
(a)
(b)
(c)
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
In
t J
Elec
&
C
om
p
En
g
IS
S
N:
20
88
-
8708
Develo
ped h
i
gh
ga
i
n microst
rip
an
te
nna
li
k
e m
ic
r
ophone
s
tructure f
or
5G
app
li
catio
n
(
H
. Yon
)
3093
ACKN
OWLE
DGE
MENTS
The
a
utho
rs
w
ou
l
d
li
ke
to
t
ha
nk
U
niv
e
rsiti
Tek
nolo
gi
M
ARA
f
or
spo
nsori
ng
the
w
ork.
A
uthors
would
al
s
o
li
ke
to
express
grat
it
ud
e
to
the
m
e
m
ber
s
of
the
A
nten
na
Re
search
Ce
nter
(A
RC
),
Fac
ul
ty
of
Ele
ct
rical
En
gi
neer
i
ng, Uni
ve
rsiti
Tekno
l
og
i
MARA
for su
pport
ing t
he re
search
wo
rk.
REFERE
NCE
S
[1]
C.
A.
B
al
an
is,
“
A
nte
nna
Theory
,
”
Thi
rd edit. Third
Edition, Hobok
en,
N
ew
Jerse
y
:
John W
il
e
y
&
S
ons,
Inc
.
,
2005.
[2]
A.
I.
Ramesh
Garg
,
Praka
sh
Ba
rti
a
,
Inde
r
Bah
l,
“
Mic
ros
trip
Ant
enna
Design
Handbook
,
”
no
.
1
,
Artec
h
Hous
e
Publisher,
Lond
on,
2001
,
2001
.
[3]
K.
P.
R
.
Gir
ish
Kum
ar,
“
Broadba
n
d
Microstr
ip A
nte
nna,”
Book
,
p
p.
511,
2003.
[4]
A.
Enna
j
ih,
J.
Z
bit
ou,
M.
L
at
r
ach,
A.
Err
kik
,
and
R.
Mandr
y
,
“
A
New
Dual
Band
Printe
d
Meta
m
ateri
a
l
Antenna
fo
r
RF
ID
Rea
der
Applicati
ons,
”
Int
ernati
onal
Journ
al
of
El
e
ct
rica
l
and
Computer
Engi
nee
ring
(
IJECE)
,
vol.
7,
no.
6,
pp.
3507
–
3514
,
2017.
[5]
M.
S.
R
abba
ni
a
nd
H.
Ghafour
i
-
shiraz,
“
Evalua
ti
o
n
of
ga
in enha
nc
ement
in
improved
siz
e
m
ic
rostr
i
p
antenna
arr
a
y
s
for
m
il
li
m
et
r
e
-
w
ave
appl
i
cations,”
A
EUE
-
Int
.
J.
El
e
ct
ron.
Comm
un.
,
vol. 81, pp.
105
–
113,
2017
.
[6]
S.
N.
Kam
aru
di
n,
M.
T.
Al
i,
S.
Subahir,
and
H.
Yon,
“
Deve
lop
m
ent
of
Microst
rip
Monopole
A
nte
nna
In
te
gr
at
e
d
with
L
ight
Emitt
ing
Diode
( LED
),
”
J
.
Te
lecomm
un.
E
lectron. Comput.
Eng
.
,
vol
.
10,
no
.
1
,
pp
.
49
–
52,
2018
.
[7]
A.
Singal
and
D.
Kedi
a,
“
Perform
anc
e
An
aly
sis
of
Antenna
Sel
e
ct
ion
Techni
qu
e
s
in
MIM
O
-
OFDM
Sy
st
em
wit
h
Hardware
Im
pai
rm
ent
s :
Ene
rg
y
Eff
ic
i
ency
p
erspe
ctive
,
”
Int
ernati
onal
Jour
nal
of
El
e
ct
ri
c
al
and
Computer
Engi
ne
ering
(
IJ
ECE
)
,
vol
.
8
,
no
.
4,
pp.
2272
–
227
9,
2018
.
[8]
S
uhai
la
Subahir
Ham
iz
an
Yon
,
Azia
t
i
Hus
na
A.
,
Mohd
Ta
rm
iz
i
Ali
,
“
Deve
lopment
of
stac
ked
a
nte
nna
in
te
gra
ted
with
ring
conf
ig
ura
ti
on
LE
D
for w
i
-
fi
app
li
c
ation
,
”
Proceedi
ng
20
17
Asia Pasific Microw.
Con
f.
,
p
p.
5
–
8
,
2017
.
[9]
H.
Yon
et
al.
,
“
Inte
gra
te
d
Stac
k
e
d
Microstri
p
Antenna
with
Li
gh
t
Emitt
ing
Diode
(
LE
D
)
for
W
i
-
Fi
Applic
at
ion
,
”
J.
Te
lecomm
un.
El
e
ct
ron.
Comput.
Eng.
,
vo
l. 8,
no.
6
,
pp
.
83
–
86
,
1843.
[10]
A.
Akdagli
and
A.
Tok
ta
s,
“
Design
of
wid
eband
orthogonal
MIM
O
ant
enna
with
improved
cor
re
la
t
ion
usi
ng
a
par
asit
i
c elem
ent
for
m
o
bile
h
a
ndsets,
”
In
t. J. Microw.
W
irel. T
ec
hnol.
,
vo
l. 8,
no.
01
,
pp
.
109
–
115,
2016
.
[11]
S.
Subahir,
R.
A
.
Ramli
,
M.
T.
Ali,
M.
N.
M.
T
an,
and
S.
Al
am,
“
Inve
stigation
on
Inte
gr
at
ed
Archi
m
ede
an
Spira
l
Patc
h
Ant
enna
with
L
ight
Emitt
ing
Diode
( LED
),
”
IE
EE 6
th
Co
ntrol
Syst
.
Gr
ad.
Re
s.
Col
loq.
,
pp
.
169
–
173
,
2015
.
[12]
M.
K.
Abdulha
m
ee
d,
M.
S.
M.
Isa,
Z
.
Z
aka
ri
a,
M.
K.
Mohs
in,
a
nd
M.
L.
At
ti
ah
,
“
Mus
hroo
m
-
Li
ke
EBG
to
Im
pro
ve
Patc
h
Antenna
Perform
anc
e
for
C
-
Band
Sate
lli
te
Applicati
on
,
”
Int.
J.
El
e
ct
r.
Comput.
Eng
.
,
vol.
8,
no.
5
,
pp.
3875
–
3881
,
2018.
[13]
A.
Salh,
L.
Audah,
N.
S.
M.
Shah,
and
S.
A.
Ham
za
h,
“
Ada
pti
ve
Antenna
S
el
e
ct
ion
and
Pow
er
Alloc
ation
in
Dow
nli
nk
Massi
ve
MIM
O
Sy
st
ems
,
”
Inte
rnatio
nal
Journal
of
El
e
ct
rica
l
and
Computer
Enginee
ring
(
IJE
CE
)
,
vol.
7
,
no
.
6
,
pp
.
3521
–
3528,
201
7.
[14]
M.T
.
A.
Bah
aro
m
B,
“Mult
ipl
e
-
el
ement
PIF
A
M
IMO
ant
enna
s
y
stem
design
for
future
5G
wire
les
s
com
m
unic
at
io
n
appl
i
ca
t
ions,”
As
ia
-
Pacific
Mi
cro
w.
Conf
.
Procee
dings,
A
PMC
,
p
p.
0
–
3
,
2017
.
[15]
C.
H.
Ng,
K.
K.
A.
Devi,
C.
K.
Chakra
bar
t
y
,
N.
Din,
and
C.
F.
Kw
ong,
“
Gain
Enha
nc
ement
of
Microstri
p
Patch
Antenna
using
L
ow
Loss
Nega
ti
ve
Refr
a
ct
iv
e
In
dex
Meta
m
ateri
a
l
Superstrat
e
,
”
J.
Tele
commun.
E
l
ec
tron.
Comput
.
Eng.
,
vol
.
9
,
no
.
1,
pp
.
95
–
99
,
20
13.
[1
6]
J.
L.
L
iu,
T.
Su,
and
Z
.
X.
L
iu,
“
High
-
Gain
Grat
i
ng
Antenna
with
Surfac
e
W
ave
La
unch
er
Arra
y
,
”
IE
EE
Antenna
s
Wirel
.
Propag.
Lett.
,
vol. 17, no.
4,
pp
.
706
–
709
,
2018.
[17]
W
.
Han,
F.
Yan
g,
J.
Ou
y
ang,
P.
Yang,
“
Low
-
co
st
wideba
nd
and
high
-
ga
in
slot
ted
ca
v
i
t
y
antenna
using
high
-
ord
e
r
m
odes
for
m
il
lim
et
er
-
wave
application,”
I
EE
E
T
rans
.
Ant
ennas
Propag.
,
vol. 63, no. 11, pp. 4624
–
4631,
2015
.
[18]
J.
Pus
kely
,
J.
L
ac
ik
,
Z
.
Ra
ida,
and
H.
Arth
aber,
“
High
-
Gain
Diel
e
ct
ri
c
-
Lo
aded
Vival
di
Ante
nna
for
Ka
-
B
an
d
Applic
a
ti
ons,”
I
EE
E
Antennas
Wirel
.
Propag.
Lett.
,
vol. 15, pp.
2004
–
2007,
201
6.
[19]
T.
Firm
ans
y
ah
e
t
al.
,
“
Bandwidth
enha
nc
ement
a
nd
m
ini
at
uri
za
t
i
on
of
ci
rcu
la
r
-
sh
ape
d
m
ic
rostrip
ant
enn
a
base
d
o
n
bel
ev
ed
hal
f
-
cu
t
struct
ur
e
for
MIM
O
2×2
appl
icati
on
,
”
In
te
r
nati
onal
Journa
l
of
E
le
c
tric
al
and
Computer
Engi
ne
ering
(
IJ
ECE
)
,
vol
.
9
,
no
.
2,
pp.
1110
–
112
1,
2019
.
[20]
H.
Yon,
A.
H.
Aw
ang,
M.
T.
Ali,
S.
Subahir,
and
S.
N.
Kama
ruddin,
“
Para
m
et
ri
c
Stud
y
of
I
nte
gra
te
d
Sta
cked
Microstri
p
Ante
nna
with
Li
ght
Emitt
ing
Diod
e
(LE
D)
f
or
W
i
-
Fi
Applic
a
ti
on
,
”
Proc
.
-
6th
Int
.
Conf.
Comput
.
Comm
un.
Eng. I
nnov.
Te
chnol. t
o
Serv
e
Hum
anit.
ICCCE
2016
,
p
p.
9
–
12
,
2016
.
[21]
A.
Kum
ar,
J.
K
aur
,
and
R.
Sing
h,
“
Perform
anc
e
Anal
y
s
is
of
Dif
fer
ent
Feedi
ng
Te
chn
ique
s,
”
J
.
Eme
rg.
Techno
l.
Adv
.
Eng
.
,
vol
.
3
,
no
.
3
,
pp
.
884
–
890,
2013
.
[22]
R.
Devi
and
D.
K.
Neog,
“
Det
erminat
ion
of
Radi
us
of
Cir
c
ula
r
Mic
rostrip
Antenna
Us
ing
Clona
l
Se
lecti
o
n
Algorit
hm
,
”
IOSR
J
.
El
e
ct
ron.
C
omm
un.
Eng. Ve
r.
I
,
vol
.
10
,
no
.
4,
pp
.
2278
–
283
4,
2015
.
[23]
K.
Gune
y
,
“
Resonant
Freque
nc
y
Calculation
f
or
Circ
ula
r
Mic
rostrip
Antennas
with
a
Diel
ectric
Cover
usin
g
Adapti
ve
Ne
twork
-
Based
Fuzz
y
Infe
ren
c
e
S
y
st
e
m
Optimize
d
b
y
Vari
ous
Algorithm
s,”
Prog.
El
e
ct
rom
agn.
Re
s.
,
vol.
72
,
pp
.
279
–
306,
2007
.
[24]
N.
Rezaz
ade
h
,
“
Study
of
Fini
t
e
Ground
P
la
n
e
Eff
e
ct
s
in
Cir
c
ula
rl
y
-
Polarize
d
Circ
ul
ar
Mi
cr
ostrip
Antenn
as,
”
17th
Int
.
S
ymp.
Ant
enna
Technol.
App
l. E
l
ectrom
agn.
,
pp.
3
–
4,
20
16.
[25]
Sheikh
Raff
i
e
Abd
Rahman
,
“
MCM
C
I
ss
ues
the
Revi
sed
S
ta
ndar
d
R
adi
o
S
y
stem
Plan
in
Prepa
ration
fo
r
the
Int
roduc
t
ion
of
4G
Servi
ce
s
in
th
e
2600
M
Hz
Spect
rum
B
and,
”
Suruhanj
a
y
a
Kom
unika
si
Dan
Multi
m
edi
a
Malay
s
ia
,
no
.
M
cmc,
pp
.
3
–
5
,
20
12.
[26]
D.
Andree
v
,
“
Overvi
ew
of
ITU
-
T
a
ct
iv
it
i
es
on
5
G/IMT
-
2020,
”
I
nt.
Te
lecomm
un.
Union
,
2017.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IS
S
N
:
2088
-
8708
In
t J
Elec
&
C
om
p
En
g,
V
ol.
10
, No
.
3
,
J
une
2020
:
30
86
-
3094
3094
BIOGR
AP
H
I
ES
OF
A
UTH
ORS
Hami
z
an
Yon
was
born
in
M
uar
Johor
on
F
ebr
uar
y
07,
19
80.
H
e
recei
ve
d
the
Bac
h
el
o
r
Inform
at
ion
T
echnolog
y
with
N
et
work
Com
puting
in
2013
.
In
2
017,
he
completed
his
Master
in
El
e
ct
ri
ca
l
Enginee
ring
(Com
m
unic
a
ti
on)
with
Antenna
Rese
arc
h
Cen
tre
(A
RC)
Facul
t
y
of
El
e
ct
ri
ca
l
Engi
n
ee
ring
,
Univer
si
ti
Te
k
no
logi
MA
RA.
Now
he
pursuing
his
Ph
.
D
at
Antenn
a
Resea
rch
C
ent
re
(ARC)
Facul
t
y
of
El
ectri
ca
l
En
gine
er
ing,
Unive
rsiti
Te
k
no
logi
MA
RA.
In
2009
,
he
joi
n
Univer
sit
i
Te
knologi
MA
RA
at
Shah
Al
a
m
ca
m
pus
as
as
s
ista
nt
lectur
er
an
d
has
appoi
nte
d
as
le
c
ture
r
in
2018
aft
er
complete
his
Maste
r.
Acti
v
e
in
r
e
sea
rch
a
ctivates,
he
is
on
e
of
the
m
embers
of
funda
m
ent
al
re
sea
rch
gra
nt
(F
RGS
)
under
Mi
niste
r
of
Higher
Educ
ation
and
UiTM
Le
stari
gr
ant
.
As
ac
ad
e
m
i
ci
an
,
Ham
iz
an
a
l
so
m
ember
of
T
he
Instit
ut
ion
of
Engi
ne
eri
ng
and
Te
chno
log
y
tha
t
ac
ti
v
ely
pre
sen
t
ing
and
publi
shi
ng
rese
arc
h
a
ct
i
vit
ie
s
at
n
at
ion
al
and
int
ern
a
ti
ona
l
le
ve
ls.
N.
H.
Ab
d
Ra
hman
(M’15
)
obta
in
ed
her
M.
Eng.
in
E
le
c
tro
nic
from
Unive
rsit
y
of
Surr
e
y
,
Guildford,
United
Kingdom
in
2
008
and
a
Ph.D
in
El
ectri
c,
Elec
t
ronic
and
S
y
ste
m
s
Engi
nee
ring
from
Univer
siti
Keba
ngsaa
n
Mal
a
y
si
a
(UK
M),
Bangi
,
M
ala
y
s
ia
i
n
2014.
Her
Ph.D
work
was
o
n
designi
ng
and
a
naly
z
ing
sate
l
li
t
e
-
m
ount
par
abolic
ref
l
ector
ante
nna
for
Malay
si
a
bea
m
cove
rag
e
b
y
adopting
ra
y
-
tra
c
ing
m
et
hod.
Thi
s
proje
c
t
was
a
col
la
bor
at
ion
bet
wee
n
UK
M
and
the
Nati
ona
l
Defe
nse
Aca
de
m
y
,
Yokos
uka,
Japa
n.
In
2014,
s
he
was
appoi
nted
as
a
senior
le
cturer
in
Univer
sit
i
Te
knologi
MA
RA
Malay
s
i
a
(
UiTM).
She
ha
s
work
expe
rience
in
the
f
ie
ld
of
sate
l
li
t
e
an
d
comm
unic
at
ion
engi
ne
eri
ng.
In
2008,
she
joi
n
ed
As
trona
uti
c
Tec
hnolog
y
(M)
Sd
n.
Bhd.
(known
as
ATSB
®
)
as
a
spac
ec
r
aft
engi
n
ee
r.
At
ATSB
®
,
she
was
invol
ve
d
in
var
ious
sm
al
l
-
class
sate
l
li
t
e
deve
lopment
pr
oje
c
ts
such
as
C
ubeSAT
and
InnoSA
T,
and
an
R&D
proje
ct
re
l
at
ed
to
sat
el
l
it
e
X
-
band
tra
nsm
ission
sy
st
em.
She
was
al
so
inv
olve
d
in
m
ission
def
inition
stu
d
y
for
nationa
l
comm
unic
at
ion
sate
llit
e
proje
c
t.
She
has
expe
rience
s
in
m
odel
li
n
g,
designi
ng
an
d
deve
lopi
ng
RF
and
comm
unic
ation
m
odule
s,
sp
ec
if
ic
a
lly
ant
enn
as
and
RF
tra
ns
m
it
te
rs.
Curr
ent
l
y
,
she
is
a
post
-
doct
ora
te
f
ellow
at
Malay
si
a
-
Ja
pan
Int
ern
ationa
l
Instit
u
te
of
T
e
chnol
og
y
,
Univ
ersit
i
Te
kno
logi
Malay
s
ia
(MJ
IIT
-
UTM)
Kuala
Lumpur.
She
h
a
s
rec
e
ive
d
seve
r
al
r
ese
ar
ch
gr
an
ts
in
we
ara
bl
e
ant
enn
as,
l
ens
a
nd
ref
lector
antenna
s,
and
oth
e
r
comm
unic
at
io
n
-
rel
a
te
d
areas,
obta
in
ed
from
gover
nm
ent
an
d
the
unive
rsit
y
.
Curr
ent
l
y
,
she
is
supervising
seve
ral
postgraduate
an
d
under
gra
dua
te
student
s.
She
has
publi
she
d
m
ore
t
han
50
sc
ie
nt
ifi
c
pape
rs
in
ind
ex
ed
journ
al
s
an
d
conf
ere
n
ce
pro
c
ee
dings.
In
addition,
she
is
al
so
ac
t
ive
in
r
eviewing
rese
ar
ch
ar
ticle
s
for
seve
r
al
journa
ls
relate
d
to
ant
enn
as
and
propa
gation.
He
r
cur
ren
t
rese
a
rc
h
int
ere
sts
inc
lu
de
ant
enn
as
for
sp
ac
e
and
t
err
e
stria
l
appl
i
catio
ns,
arr
a
y
anten
nas,
ref
lector
a
nd
le
ns
an
te
nn
a
s,
wea
rab
le
and
fle
xible
antenna
s
,
RF
and
m
ic
row
ave
d
esign and e
le
c
tromagnet
i
c a
naly
s
is.
Mohd
A
z
i
z
Ari
s
was
born
in
Sem
porna
Sabah
in
1975.
H
e
re
c
ei
ved
the
Diplo
m
a
in
elec
tri
cal
engi
ne
eri
ng
fro
m
Univer
siti
T
eknol
ogi
MA
RA
Shah
Alam
in
1999.
In
20
03,
he
re
ce
iv
ed
the
B
.
Eng
d
egr
e
e
(Hon
s) i
n
e
lect
ric
a
l
eng
ine
e
ring
(Com
m
unic
at
io
n)
and
th
e
m
aster de
g
re
e
in
2006
from
Univer
siti
Te
knologi
MA
RA
Shah
Alam.
Now
he
c
om
ple
te
d
his
PhD
in
el
ec
tr
ic
a
l
engi
ne
eri
ng
(C
om
m
unic
at
ion)
with
Antenna
Resea
rch
Cen
te
r
(ARC)
facult
y
of
el
e
ct
r
ical
engi
ne
eri
ng
Un
i
ver
siti
T
eknol
o
gi
MA
RA.
In
2006,
he
joi
n
Univer
si
ti
T
ek
n
ologi
MA
RA
a
t
Te
ren
gg
anu
Ca
m
pus
aft
er
com
ple
t
ed
his
m
aste
r
.
Acti
ve
in
rese
arc
h
activiti
es,
he
rec
e
ive
d
thr
e
e
fun
damenta
l
re
sea
rch
gr
ant
sc
heme
(FRG
S)
under
Minis
tr
y
of
Higher
Ed
uca
t
ion
to
lead
the
rese
arc
h
on
ant
enna
d
esign
and
nondestructive
m
at
er
ial
m
ea
surem
ent
for
RF
appl
ic
a
ti
ons.
As
ac
ade
m
ic
i
an,
Mohd
Aziz
al
so
m
emb
er
of
In
stit
ute
of
Elec
tr
ical
El
ectroni
c
Eng
i
nee
ring
Soci
e
t
y
(IE
EE
)
th
at
acti
vely
pr
ese
nti
ng
and
publ
ishing
rese
arc
h
a
c
ti
v
it
i
es
at
na
ti
ona
l
a
nd
interna
t
iona
l
s
le
ve
l.
During
pu
rsuing
his
PhD
,
he
al
so
re
ce
iv
ed
the
awa
rd
ti
t
le
as
an
innovative
and
dedica
t
ed
t
ec
hno
logi
c
al re
s
ea
rch
er
b
ase
d
on
his c
on
tri
but
ion in
rese
arc
h
and
i
dea
s.
Hadi
Jumaat
r
ec
e
ive
d
the
B
.
Eng.
in
engi
n
eering
el
e
ct
roni
cs
and
M.Sc.
deg
ree
in
elec
tri
c
a
l
engi
ne
eri
ng
fro
m
the
Univer
sit
i
Te
knolog
i
MA
RA
(UiTM),
Sela
ngor,
Ma
lay
sia
in
2012
an
d
2015.
He
is
cur
ren
tly
working
t
owards
the
Ph.
D.
degr
ee
in
e
lectr
i
ca
l
engi
ne
ering
at
Antenn
a
Resea
rch
Cente
r
(ARC)
in
Un
ive
rsiti
Te
kno
lo
gi
MA
RA.
Since
2015
,
he
jo
ine
d
UiTM
as
a
lectur
er
.
His
rese
arc
h
int
er
ests
are
in
comm
unic
ation
antenna
d
esign,
biomedi
c
al
antenna
and
el
e
ct
rom
agne
t
ic
wave
prop
aga
t
io
n
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.