I
nte
rna
t
io
na
l J
o
urna
l o
f
E
lect
rica
l a
nd
Co
m
p
ute
r
E
ng
in
ee
ring
(
I
J
E
CE
)
Vo
l.
10
,
No
.
6
,
Dec
em
b
er
2
0
2
0
,
p
p
.
6
1
0
1
~6
110
I
SS
N:
2
0
8
8
-
8708
,
DOI
: 1
0
.
1
1
5
9
1
/
i
j
ec
e
.
v
1
0
i
6
.
p
p
6
1
0
1
-
6
1
1
0
6101
J
o
ur
na
l ho
m
ep
a
g
e
:
h
ttp
:
//ij
ec
e.
ia
esco
r
e.
co
m/in
d
ex
.
p
h
p
/I
JE
C
E
Dev
elo
p
m
e
nt
o
f
a pho
tov
o
ltaic cha
ra
cter
istics
gener
a
tor ba
sed
o
n
m
a
th
e
m
a
tical
m
o
dels
for four
P
V panel
technolo
g
ies
Sa
m
ia
J
enk
a
l
1
,
M
us
t
a
ph
a
K
o
urchi
2
,
Driss
Yo
u
s
f
i
3
,
Ah
m
e
d B
enla
ra
bi
4
,
M
o
ha
m
ed
L
a
r
bi E
lha
f
y
a
ni
5
,
M
o
ha
m
ed
Aj
a
a
m
o
u
m
6
,
M
ha
nd
O
ub
ella
7
1,
2,
6,
7
L
A
S
IM
E,
ES
T
A
,
Ib
n
Z
o
h
r
U
n
iv
e
rsity
,
M
o
ro
c
c
o
3,
5
De
p
a
rtm
e
n
t
o
f
El
e
c
tri
c
a
l
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
,
Na
ti
o
n
a
l
ENS
A
,
Un
iv
e
rsit
é
M
o
h
a
m
m
e
d
P
re
m
ier,
M
o
ro
c
c
o
4
Re
sp
o
n
sib
le f
o
r
P
V S
y
ste
m
s a
t
I
RES
EN,
M
o
ro
c
c
o
Art
i
cle
I
nfo
AB
ST
RAC
T
A
r
ticle
his
to
r
y:
R
ec
eiv
ed
Oct
9
,
2
0
1
9
R
ev
i
s
ed
J
u
n
2
,
2020
A
cc
ep
ted
J
u
n
17
,
2
0
2
0
A
g
o
o
d
stu
d
y
o
f
p
h
o
t
o
v
o
lt
a
ic
sy
ste
m
re
q
u
e
st
s
to
h
a
v
e
v
e
r
y
p
re
c
is
e
c
u
rre
n
t
-
v
o
lt
a
g
e
c
h
a
ra
c
teristic
c
u
r
v
e
s
o
f
p
h
o
to
v
o
lt
a
ic
m
o
d
u
les
f
o
r
d
if
fe
re
n
t
tec
h
n
o
l
o
g
ies
.
T
h
e
p
h
o
to
v
o
lt
a
ic
e
m
u
lato
r
p
ro
v
id
e
s
a
n
e
f
f
ici
e
n
t
so
lu
ti
o
n
to
m
a
in
tain
th
e
sa
m
e
c
u
rre
n
t
-
v
o
lt
a
g
e
o
u
tp
u
t
o
f
p
h
o
to
v
o
lt
a
ic
m
o
d
u
le.
It
in
c
lu
d
e
s
th
re
e
p
a
rts:
th
e
P
V
m
o
d
e
l,
th
e
c
o
n
tro
l
stra
teg
y
,
a
n
d
th
e
p
o
w
e
r
c
o
n
v
e
rter.
T
h
is
p
a
p
e
r
p
r
o
v
id
e
s
th
re
e
c
las
se
s
o
f
m
o
d
e
li
n
g
a
n
d
sim
u
latio
n
o
f
p
h
o
to
v
o
lt
a
ic
a
rra
y
s
a
n
d
p
re
se
n
ts
th
e
s
y
n
th
e
sis
re
su
lt
s
o
f
th
e
c
u
rre
n
t
-
v
o
lt
a
g
e
c
h
a
ra
c
teristic
p
e
rf
o
r
m
a
n
c
e
s
o
b
tain
e
d
b
y
th
e
m
o
d
e
li
n
g
a
p
p
ro
a
c
h
e
s
.
T
h
e
m
o
d
e
ls
o
f
th
e
f
irst
c
las
s a
re
b
a
s
e
d
o
n
e
lec
tri
c
a
l
c
ircu
it
m
o
d
e
l
,
th
o
se
o
f
th
e
se
c
o
n
d
c
las
s
a
re
b
a
se
d
o
n
m
u
lt
ip
le
stra
ig
h
t
li
n
e
s
m
o
d
e
l
,
a
n
d
f
o
r
th
e
t
h
ir
d
c
las
s,
it
is
b
a
se
d
o
n
th
e
lo
o
k
u
p
tab
le
.
T
h
e
m
a
th
e
m
a
ti
c
a
l
m
o
d
e
l
is
b
u
il
t
u
si
n
g
M
AT
LAB/
S
im
u
li
n
k
,
a
n
d
a
n
e
x
p
e
rim
e
n
tal
b
e
n
c
h
w
a
s c
a
rried
o
u
t
to
a
c
q
u
ire an
u
p
-
to
-
d
a
te
an
d
re
p
re
se
n
tativ
e
e
x
p
e
rime
n
tal
d
a
tab
a
se
o
f
f
o
u
r
P
V
p
a
n
e
l
s
.
T
h
is
d
a
tab
a
se
is
u
se
d
f
o
r
th
e
v
a
l
id
a
ti
o
n
o
f
th
e
se
m
o
d
e
ls
f
o
r
th
e
d
iff
e
r
e
n
t
P
V
p
a
n
e
l
tec
h
n
o
l
o
g
ies
u
n
d
e
r
M
o
ro
c
c
a
n
m
e
teo
ro
lo
g
ica
l
c
o
n
d
it
i
o
n
s
.
F
o
l
l
o
w
in
g
th
is
c
o
m
p
a
ra
ti
v
e
stu
d
y
,
w
e
c
a
m
e
to
a
h
ig
h
a
g
re
e
m
e
n
t
b
e
t
w
e
e
n
th
e
e
x
p
e
rim
e
n
tal
a
n
d
sim
u
late
d
c
u
rre
n
t
-
v
o
l
tag
e
c
h
a
ra
c
teristics
f
o
r
th
e
e
m
u
lato
r
u
n
d
e
r
stu
d
y.
K
ey
w
o
r
d
s
:
E
m
u
lato
r
Ma
th
e
m
atica
l
m
o
d
eli
n
g
Ma
tlab
P
h
o
to
v
o
ltaic
s
y
s
te
m
P
V
p
an
el
tech
n
o
lo
g
ie
s
Co
p
y
rig
h
t
©
2
0
2
0
In
stit
u
te o
f
A
d
v
a
n
c
e
d
E
n
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
a
n
d
S
c
ien
c
e
.
Al
l
rig
h
ts re
se
rv
e
d
.
C
o
r
r
e
s
p
o
nd
ing
A
uth
o
r
:
Sa
m
ia
J
en
k
al,
L
A
SIM
E
,
Dep
ar
t
m
e
n
t o
f
E
lectr
ical
E
n
g
i
n
ee
r
i
n
g
,
I
b
n
Z
o
h
r
U
n
iv
er
s
it
y
,
B
.
P
3
3
/S,
A
g
ad
ir
8
0
0
0
0
,
Mo
r
o
cc
o
.
E
m
ail: sa
m
ia.
j
en
k
al
@
ed
u
.
u
iz.
ac
.
m
a
1.
I
NT
RO
D
UCT
I
O
N
I
n
r
ec
en
t
y
ea
r
s
,
Mo
r
o
cc
o
h
a
s
f
ac
ed
m
aj
o
r
ch
allen
g
es
r
eg
ar
d
in
g
t
h
e
f
u
tu
r
e
o
f
it
s
en
er
g
y
s
y
s
te
m
,
ec
o
n
o
m
ic
g
r
o
w
t
h
an
d
d
e
m
o
g
r
ap
h
ic
g
r
o
w
th
[
1
]
.
C
o
n
s
eq
u
en
t
l
y
,
Mo
r
o
cc
o
h
as
i
m
p
le
m
en
ted
a
n
atio
n
al
e
n
er
g
y
p
o
licy
f
av
o
r
ab
le
to
t
h
e
d
ev
e
lo
p
m
e
n
t
o
f
r
en
e
w
ab
le
e
n
er
g
i
es
[
2
]
,
to
s
ec
u
r
e
it
s
e
n
er
g
y
s
u
p
p
l
y
,
to
c
o
n
tr
o
l
th
e
f
u
t
u
r
e
co
s
ts
o
f
en
er
g
y
s
er
v
ices
co
m
p
ar
ed
to
th
e
f
u
t
u
r
e
co
s
ts
o
f
p
etr
o
leu
m
p
r
o
d
u
cts
a
n
d
f
i
n
all
y
to
p
r
eser
v
e
th
e
en
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
t
b
y
m
iti
g
ati
n
g
g
r
ee
n
h
o
u
s
e
g
as
e
m
i
s
s
io
n
s
[
3
]
.
P
h
o
to
v
o
ltaic
s
o
lar
en
er
g
y
r
ep
r
esen
t
s
an
in
ex
h
a
u
s
t
ib
le
s
o
u
r
ce
o
f
g
r
ee
n
en
er
g
y
a
n
d
an
alter
n
at
iv
e
to
f
o
s
s
i
l
f
u
els
[
4
]
.
T
h
e
v
er
y
h
ig
h
r
ate
o
f
g
r
o
w
th
o
f
t
h
e
e
n
e
r
g
y
i
n
d
u
s
t
r
y
m
e
a
n
s
t
h
a
t
t
h
e
a
v
a
i
l
a
b
i
l
i
t
y
o
f
s
p
e
c
i
a
l
i
z
e
d
e
q
u
i
p
m
e
n
t
f
o
r
l
a
b
o
r
a
t
o
r
y
t
e
s
t
s
b
e
c
o
m
e
s
c
r
u
c
i
a
l
[
5
]
,
in
p
ar
tic
u
lar
f
o
r
m
a
n
u
f
ac
t
u
r
e
r
s
an
d
lab
o
r
ato
r
ies
w
o
r
k
i
n
g
in
t
h
e
f
ie
ld
o
f
p
o
w
er
elec
tr
o
n
ics
li
n
k
ed
to
P
V
in
s
ta
llatio
n
s
.
T
h
e
o
b
tain
ed
r
esu
lts
r
eq
u
ir
e
v
alid
atio
n
b
y
ap
p
r
o
p
r
iate
ex
p
er
im
e
n
t
s
[
6
]
.
T
h
e
p
h
o
to
v
o
ltaic
e
m
u
lato
r
allo
w
s
t
h
e
v
alid
atio
n
o
f
t
h
e
s
e
te
s
ts
b
y
t
h
e
m
o
d
eli
n
g
o
f
t
h
e
p
h
o
to
v
o
ltaic
s
o
u
r
ce
s
[7
-
9]
.
T
h
ese
m
at
h
e
m
atica
l
m
o
d
els
h
a
v
e
a
g
r
ea
t
ef
f
ec
t
o
n
th
e
p
r
o
p
er
f
u
n
ctio
n
in
g
o
f
th
ese
s
y
s
te
m
s
.
I
t
d
ir
ec
tl
y
a
f
f
ec
ts
t
h
e
s
tatic
a
n
d
d
y
n
a
m
ic
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
o
f
t
h
e
p
h
o
to
v
o
lta
ic
e
m
u
la
to
r
.
T
h
e
o
b
j
ec
tiv
e
o
f
th
is
p
ap
er
is
th
e
d
ev
e
lo
p
m
en
t
o
f
m
o
d
els
th
at
al
lo
w
s
to
b
etter
e
m
u
late
t
h
e
elec
tr
i
ca
l
ch
ar
ac
ter
i
s
t
ics
o
f
p
h
o
to
v
o
ltaic
(
P
V)
p
an
els.
T
h
is
w
o
r
k
is
d
o
n
e
o
n
d
if
f
er
en
t
tec
h
n
o
lo
g
ies
(
Am
o
r
p
h
o
u
s
,
C
I
S
,
Mo
n
o
-
Si
,
an
d
C
d
T
e
)
[
1
0
]
,
an
d
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8708
I
n
t J
E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
,
Vo
l.
10
,
No
.
6
,
Dec
em
b
er
2
0
2
0
:
6
1
0
1
-
6
1
1
0
6102
f
o
r
d
if
f
er
e
n
t
te
m
p
er
at
u
r
e
an
d
ir
r
ad
iatio
n
co
n
d
itio
n
s
[
1
1
]
.
T
h
ese
d
ev
elo
p
ed
m
o
d
els
w
ill
s
er
v
e
as
th
e
r
ea
l
-
ti
m
e
co
n
tr
o
l
p
ar
t o
f
th
e
p
h
o
to
v
o
ltai
c
e
m
u
la
to
r
s
[
1
2
]
.
I
n
t
h
is
p
ap
er
,
w
e
p
r
ese
n
t
in
t
h
e
f
ir
s
t
p
ar
t
o
f
t
h
e
s
t
u
d
ied
m
eth
o
d
s
to
d
ev
e
lo
p
th
e
g
e
n
er
at
o
r
o
f
P
V
ch
ar
ac
ter
is
tic
s
.
T
h
e
f
ir
s
t
m
et
h
o
d
is
d
ed
u
ce
d
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
th
e
o
r
y
o
f
s
e
m
ico
n
d
u
cto
r
s
[
1
3
]
;
i
t
tak
es
th
e
p
h
y
s
ical
p
r
o
p
er
tie
s
o
f
P
V
ce
lls
as
u
n
k
n
o
w
n
.
T
h
e
s
ec
o
n
d
m
et
h
o
d
u
s
es
m
o
d
els
b
a
s
ed
o
n
li
n
ea
r
in
t
er
p
o
latio
n
[
8
]
an
d
th
e
t
h
ir
d
u
s
e
s
lo
o
k
u
p
tab
les
[
1
4
]
.
I
n
th
e
s
ec
o
n
d
p
ar
t
w
e
d
escr
ib
e
th
e
ex
p
er
i
m
e
n
tal
s
y
s
t
e
m
ca
r
r
ied
o
u
t
an
d
in
s
ta
lled
at
Gr
ee
n
E
n
er
g
y
P
ar
k
o
f
B
en
g
r
ir
e
to
h
av
e
an
u
p
d
ated
an
d
r
ea
l
ex
p
er
im
en
tal
d
atab
ase
o
f
th
e
m
eteo
r
o
lo
g
ical
co
n
d
it
io
n
s
o
f
Mo
r
o
cc
o
th
en
w
e
p
r
esen
t
th
e
co
llected
d
atab
ase.
T
h
e
th
ir
d
p
ar
t
s
h
o
w
s
th
e
r
esu
lt
s
o
f
th
e
cu
r
r
e
n
t
-
v
o
ltag
e
ch
ar
ac
ter
is
tic
o
b
tain
e
d
f
o
r
th
e
d
if
f
er
en
t
tech
n
o
lo
g
ies
an
d
b
ase
d
o
n
th
e
ex
p
er
i
m
e
n
ta
l
s
y
s
te
m
ca
r
r
ied
o
u
t
w
h
ic
h
w
o
u
ld
b
e
co
m
p
ar
ed
w
it
h
th
e
s
i
m
u
lat
ed
r
esu
lts
o
f
t
h
e
m
o
d
el
s
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
to
co
n
f
ir
m
th
e
ir
v
ali
d
it
y
.
2.
RE
S
E
ARCH
M
E
T
H
O
D
T
h
e
m
o
d
elin
g
o
f
th
e
p
h
o
to
v
o
ltaic
m
o
d
u
le
s
m
u
s
t
r
ep
r
ese
n
t
th
e
ir
b
e
h
av
io
r
w
ith
p
r
ec
is
io
n
,
w
it
h
o
u
t
co
m
p
lica
ted
m
a
th
e
m
atica
l
o
p
er
atio
n
s
t
h
at
m
a
k
e
t
h
e
s
o
lu
t
io
n
s
d
i
f
f
ic
u
lt
to
o
b
tai
n
[
1
5
,
1
6
]
.
Fo
r
th
i
s
o
b
j
ec
tiv
e,
th
r
ee
d
if
f
er
en
t
m
o
d
els
o
f
P
V
ar
e
p
r
esen
ted
:
T
h
e
f
ir
s
t
is
a
c
lass
ic
m
o
d
el
b
ased
o
n
th
e
ele
ctr
ical
d
iag
r
a
m
o
f
th
e
p
h
o
to
v
o
lta
ic
ce
ll.
T
h
e
s
e
co
n
d
u
s
e
s
li
n
ea
r
in
ter
p
o
latio
n
to
r
ep
r
o
d
u
ce
s
th
e
ch
ar
ac
ter
i
s
tics
o
f
P
V
p
an
els
,
w
h
ile
t
h
e
last
i
s
a
p
u
r
el
y
e
x
p
er
i
m
e
n
tal
m
o
d
el,
b
ased
o
n
th
e
L
UT
ar
r
ay
s.
2
.
1
.
E
lect
rica
l c
ircuit
m
o
del
T
h
e
elec
tr
ical
b
eh
av
io
r
o
f
a
PV
m
o
d
u
le
ca
n
b
e
r
ep
r
esen
ted
,
ac
co
r
d
in
g
to
th
e
s
e
m
ico
n
d
u
ct
o
r
th
eo
r
y
,
b
y
a
m
at
h
e
m
atica
l
m
o
d
el
w
ith
t
w
o
e
x
p
o
n
en
t
ials
o
r
o
n
e
ex
p
o
n
en
t
ial
[
7
,
1
7
-
19]
.
I
n
th
is
w
o
r
k
w
e
u
s
ed
a
s
i
n
g
l
e
ex
p
o
n
en
t
ial
m
o
d
el
[
2
0
]
,
allo
w
in
g
to
o
b
tain
t
h
e
m
o
d
el
s
w
it
h
f
iv
e,
f
o
u
r
o
r
t
w
o
p
ar
am
e
ter
s
.
2
.
1
.
1
.
F
iv
e
pa
ra
m
et
er
s
m
o
de
l
I
t
i
s
c
a
l
l
e
d
a
f
i
v
e
p
a
r
a
m
e
t
e
r
s
m
o
d
e
l
,
b
e
c
a
u
s
e
t
h
e
n
u
m
b
e
r
o
f
p
a
r
a
m
e
t
e
r
s
n
e
c
e
s
s
a
r
y
f
o
r
t
h
e
c
h
a
r
a
c
t
e
r
i
z
a
t
i
o
n
a
n
d
i
d
e
n
t
i
f
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
o
f
t
h
e
PV
m
o
d
u
l
e
i
s
e
q
u
a
l
t
o
5
:
(
I
sc
,
V
oc
,
A
,
R
s
a
n
d
R
p
)
.
T
h
i
s
m
o
d
e
l
c
a
n
b
e
r
e
p
r
e
s
e
n
t
e
d
b
y
t
h
e
e
q
u
i
v
a
l
e
n
t
d
i
a
g
r
a
m
i
n
F
i
g
u
r
e
1
,
i
n
c
l
u
d
e
s
a
c
u
r
r
e
n
t
s
o
u
r
c
e
I
ph
a
s
s
o
c
i
a
t
e
d
w
i
t
h
a
d
i
o
d
e
i
n
p
a
r
a
l
l
e
l
,
m
o
d
e
l
i
n
g
t
h
e
P
-
N
ju
n
c
t
i
o
n
f
o
r
m
e
d
w
i
th
i
n
t
h
e
s
em
i
c
o
n
d
u
c
t
o
r
m
a
k
in
g
u
p
t
h
e
PV
c
e
l
l
.
T
o
t
h
i
s
a
s
s
o
c
i
a
t
i
o
n
a
r
e
a
d
d
e
d
t
w
o
r
e
s
i
s
t
a
n
c
e
s
;
o
n
e
p
a
r
a
l
l
e
l
R
p
a
n
d
t
h
e
o
t
h
e
r
s
e
r
i
e
s
R
s
[
2
1
,
2
2
]
.
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
E
q
u
iv
ale
n
t c
ir
cu
it o
f
a
s
o
lar
ce
l
l
A
cc
o
r
d
in
g
to
Fig
u
r
e
1
,
th
e
o
u
t
p
u
t c
u
r
r
en
t o
f
th
e
m
o
d
el
is
d
es
cr
ib
ed
as f
o
llo
w
s
:
I
ph
−
I
0
[
e
x
p
(
V
pv
+
R
s
I
A
V
t
)
−
1
]
−
V
pv
+
R
s
I
R
p
−
=
0
(
1
)
w
h
er
e:
I
p
h
: P
h
o
to
cu
r
r
en
t
.
I
0
: R
ev
er
s
e
s
atu
r
at
io
n
cu
r
r
e
n
t f
o
r
an
id
ea
l p
n
-
j
u
n
c
tio
n
d
io
d
e.
A
: I
d
ea
lit
y
f
ac
to
r
o
f
t
h
e
s
o
lar
ce
ll.
V
t
=
NsKT
/ q
:
th
er
m
a
l v
o
lta
g
e.
Ns
: N
u
m
b
er
o
f
ce
ll
s
co
n
n
ec
ted
i
n
s
er
ies.
K
:
B
o
ltzm
a
n
n
'
s
co
n
s
ta
n
t (
1
.
3
8
1
0
-
2
3
J
/ K
)
.
T
: R
ea
l j
u
n
ctio
n
te
m
p
er
at
u
r
e
(
K)
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J
E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
I
SS
N:
2
0
8
8
-
8708
Dev
elo
p
men
t o
f a
p
h
o
t
o
vo
lta
i
c
ch
a
r
a
cteris
tics
g
en
era
to
r
b
a
s
ed
…
(
S
a
mia
Je
n
ka
l
)
6103
Q
: E
le
m
e
n
tar
y
c
h
ar
g
e.
R
s
: S
er
ies r
esis
ta
n
ce
(
Ω
)
.
R
p
: Sh
u
n
t r
esis
ta
n
ce
(
Ω
)
.
T
h
e
id
en
tif
icatio
n
o
f
t
h
ese
f
iv
e
p
ar
am
eter
s
r
eq
u
ir
e
s
th
e
r
eso
l
u
tio
n
o
f
th
e
f
o
llo
w
in
g
:
sc
p
s
p
ph
t
oc
sc
0
p
s
t
s
0
ph
I
R
R
R
I
1
V
A
V
exp
I
I
R
I
R
V
1
V
A
I
R
V
exp
I
I
I
(
2
)
w
h
er
e:
I
sc
: sh
o
r
t
-
cir
c
u
it c
u
r
r
en
t (
A
)
.
V
oc
: o
p
en
cir
cu
it
v
o
ltag
e
(
V
).
2
.
1
.
2
.
T
w
o
pa
r
a
m
et
er
s
m
o
de
l
T
h
e
id
ea
in
t
h
is
m
o
d
el
is
b
ased
o
n
t
h
e
f
ac
t
t
h
at
u
n
d
er
s
t
an
d
ar
d
co
n
d
itio
n
s
,
t
h
e
c
u
r
r
en
t
o
f
a
P
V
m
o
d
u
le
ca
n
b
e
ex
p
r
ess
ed
as
a
f
u
n
ctio
n
o
f
t
h
e
v
o
lta
g
e,
b
y
a
n
e
x
p
r
ess
io
n
co
n
tai
n
in
g
a
s
in
g
le
s
i
m
p
li
f
ied
ex
p
o
n
en
t
ial
as s
h
o
w
n
i
n
(
3
)
:
1
V
C
V
exp
C
1
I
I
oc
2
n
1
s
cn
n
(
3
)
T
h
e
t
w
o
p
ar
a
m
eter
s
C
1
a
n
d
C
2
ar
e
ca
lcu
lated
as
a
f
u
n
ctio
n
o
f
I
m
pn
,
V
m
pn
,
V
ocn
an
d
I
scn
u
n
d
e
r
s
tan
d
ar
d
co
n
d
itio
n
s
:
o
c
n
2
m
p
n
s
c
n
m
p
n
1
V
C
V
e
x
p
I
I
1
C
(
4
)
s
c
n
m
p
n
o
c
n
m
p
n
2
I
I
1
l
o
g
1
V
V
C
(
5
)
w
h
er
e:
I
mp
n
:
m
ax
i
m
u
m
p
o
w
er
c
u
r
r
en
t i
n
to
(
ST
C
)
(
A
)
.
V
m
pn
:
m
ax
i
m
u
m
p
o
w
er
v
o
ltag
e
i
n
t
o
(
ST
C
)
(
A
)
.
I
n
(
3
)
a
l
l
o
w
s
t
o
c
a
l
c
u
l
a
t
e
t
h
e
e
l
e
c
t
r
i
c
a
l
c
h
a
r
a
c
t
e
r
i
s
t
i
c
I
n
(V
n
)
o
f
t
h
e
P
V
p
a
n
e
l
u
n
d
e
r
s
t
a
n
d
a
r
d
c
o
n
d
i
t
i
o
n
s
.
T
h
e
s
y
s
t
e
m
o
f
(
6
)
a
l
l
o
w
s
t
h
e
t
r
a
n
s
l
a
t
i
n
g
o
f
t
h
e
c
u
r
v
e
I
n
(V
n
)
t
o
g
e
n
e
r
a
t
e
t
h
e
c
h
a
r
a
c
t
e
r
i
s
t
i
c
I
(
V
)
co
r
r
esp
o
n
d
in
g
to
th
e
n
e
w
v
al
u
es
o
f
te
m
p
er
at
u
r
e
an
d
ir
r
ad
iatio
n
.
cn
c
v
cn
c
mp
n
n
n
cn
c
v
n
n
T
T
K
1
T
T
K
1
G
ln
G
G
ln
G
I
I
T
T
K
1
G
ln
G
ln
V
V
(
6
)
w
h
er
e:
G
: r
ea
l illu
m
in
a
tio
n
(
W
/
m
2
).
G
n
: I
llu
m
in
a
tio
n
i
n
n
o
m
in
a
l ST
C
(
W
/ m
2
).
K
v
: v
o
ltag
e
te
m
p
er
atu
r
e
co
ef
f
icie
n
t o
f
t
h
e
o
p
en
cir
cu
it (
=
8
0
±
1
0
m
V
/ °
C
)
.
T
cn
: N
o
m
in
a
l te
m
p
er
at
u
r
e
o
f
th
e
P
V
ce
ll.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8708
I
n
t J
E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
,
Vo
l.
10
,
No
.
6
,
Dec
em
b
er
2
0
2
0
:
6
1
0
1
-
6
1
1
0
6104
2
.
2
.
P
iece
w
is
e
lin
ea
r
m
o
de
l
I
n
ter
p
o
latio
n
is
a
m
a
th
e
m
atica
l
o
p
er
atio
n
allo
w
i
n
g
to
r
ep
lace
a
cu
r
v
e
o
r
a
f
u
n
ctio
n
b
y
a
s
i
m
p
ler
o
n
e
th
at
co
in
c
id
es
w
it
h
th
e
f
ir
s
t
cu
r
v
e
i
n
a
f
in
i
te
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
p
o
in
ts
g
i
v
en
a
t
th
e
s
tar
t.
I
n
t
h
is
w
o
r
k
w
e
t
h
e
li
n
ea
r
in
ter
p
o
latio
n
[
2
3
]
,
w
h
ich
co
n
s
is
t
s
o
f
"
j
o
in
in
g
t
h
e
p
o
in
t
s
"
g
iv
e
n
b
y
s
tr
ai
g
h
t
lin
e
s
to
s
u
b
s
eq
u
en
tl
y
es
ti
m
ate
th
e
r
est o
f
t
h
e
p
o
in
ts
o
n
th
e
c
u
r
v
e.
2
.
2
.
1
.
T
w
o
line
s
a
pp
ro
a
c
h
T
h
is
m
o
d
el
i
s
d
eter
m
in
ed
b
y
ad
j
u
s
ti
n
g
t
h
e
t
w
o
li
n
es
t
o
t
h
e
th
r
ee
m
ai
n
p
o
i
n
ts
th
a
t
ch
ar
ac
ter
ize
th
e
I
(
V
)
c
h
ar
ac
ter
is
tic
:
o
p
en
cir
cu
it
p
o
in
t,
m
a
x
i
m
u
m
p
o
w
er
p
o
in
t
a
n
d
s
h
o
r
t
-
cir
c
u
it
p
o
in
t
,
as
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
Fig
u
r
e
2
[
8
,
1
7
]
,
it is
r
ep
r
es
en
ted
b
y
th
e
f
o
llo
w
i
n
g
s
y
s
te
m
o
f
:
n
n
n
mp
mp
n
n
n
sc
sc
n
n
t
n
mp
mp
T
T
Ki
G
G
I
I
T
T
ci
K
G
G
I
I
T
T
Kv
G
G
V
V
V
,
,
,
l
o
g
(
7
)
T
h
e
tw
o
-
lin
e
m
o
d
el
i
s
b
a
s
e
d
o
n
th
e
k
n
o
w
le
d
g
e
o
f
th
e
f
o
u
r
d
a
t
a
i
t
em
s
I
mp
,
V
mp
,
V
oc
an
d
I
sc
.
D
e
s
p
i
t
e
it
s
l
ac
k
o
f
p
r
e
c
i
s
i
o
n
,
th
e
tw
o
-
l
in
es
m
o
d
e
l
i
s
s
im
p
l
e
an
d
a
ll
o
w
s
th
e
m
a
in
ap
p
e
a
r
a
n
c
e
o
f
I
(
V
)
ch
a
r
a
ct
e
r
is
t
ic
t
o
b
e
r
e
p
r
e
s
en
t
e
d
.
2
.
2
.
2
.
F
o
ur
line
s
a
pp
ro
a
ch
T
h
e
o
b
j
ec
tiv
e
o
f
th
is
m
o
d
el
is
to
im
p
r
o
v
e
t
h
e
ac
cu
r
ac
y
[
1
2
]
,
b
y
s
elec
ti
n
g
t
w
o
o
th
er
p
o
in
ts
:
((V
oc
+ V
mp
)
/ 2
,
I
2
)
an
d
(
V
oc
/
2
,
I
1
)
.
A
s
a
r
esu
lt,
w
e
w
ill
h
a
v
e
f
iv
e
p
o
in
ts
an
d
f
o
u
r
li
n
es a
s
s
h
o
w
n
in
F
ig
u
r
e
3
.
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
T
w
o
-
l
in
e
s
in
ter
p
o
lati
o
n
m
o
d
el
Fig
u
r
e
3
.
Fo
u
r
-
li
n
es
i
n
ter
p
o
lat
io
n
m
o
d
e
l
T
h
e
f
o
u
r
eq
u
atio
n
s
r
ep
r
ese
n
ti
n
g
th
e
f
o
u
r
li
n
es a
r
e
g
i
v
e
n
b
y
:
1
1
sc
1
sc
mp
1
1
mp
1
1
mp
1
2
mp
mp
2
mp
mp
2
mp
oc
2
2
OC
2
2
2
V
V
0
if
;
V
V
I
I
I
I
V
V
V
if
;
V
V
V
V
I
I
I
I
V
V
V
if
;
V
V
V
V
I
I
I
I
V
V
V
if
;
V
V
V
V
I
I
I
(
8
)
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J
E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
I
SS
N:
2
0
8
8
-
8708
Dev
elo
p
men
t o
f a
p
h
o
t
o
vo
lta
i
c
ch
a
r
a
cteris
tics
g
en
era
to
r
b
a
s
ed
…
(
S
a
mia
Je
n
ka
l
)
6105
w
h
er
e:
2
V
V
oc
1
an
d
2
V
V
V
mp
oc
2
2
.
3
.
L
o
o
k
up
t
a
ble
m
o
del
T
h
e
lo
o
k
u
p
tab
le
(
L
UT
)
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
,
is
b
ased
o
n
t
h
e
ac
q
u
is
iti
o
n
o
f
all
p
o
s
s
ib
le
I
(
V)
d
ata
o
f
a
r
ea
l
P
V
f
ield
u
n
d
er
d
if
f
er
e
n
t
cli
m
atic
co
n
d
itio
n
s
(
te
m
p
er
at
u
r
e,
illu
m
in
atio
n
,
etc.
)
,
an
d
o
n
th
e
s
to
r
a
g
e
o
f
th
e
s
e
d
ata
in
ap
p
r
o
p
r
iate
u
n
it.
T
h
is
m
eth
o
d
av
o
id
s
an
y
m
at
h
e
m
a
tical
lin
k
b
et
w
ee
n
c
u
r
r
en
t
an
d
v
o
ltag
e.
T
h
e
I
(
V)
c
h
ar
ac
ter
is
tic
is
g
e
n
er
ated
b
y
a
d
ir
ec
t
lin
ea
r
in
ter
p
o
latio
n
o
f
th
e
ex
p
er
i
m
en
tal
d
ata
tab
l
es.
T
h
e
g
e
n
er
ato
r
o
f
I
(
V)
ch
ar
ac
ter
is
tics
i
n
o
u
r
P
V
e
m
u
lato
r
i
s
a
lo
o
k
-
up
-
tab
l
e
w
it
h
f
o
u
r
d
i
m
e
n
s
io
n
s
(
V,
I
,
G,
T
)
,
as
s
h
o
w
n
in
F
i
g
u
r
e
4
.
T
h
e
c
u
r
r
e
n
t
I
i
s
a
f
u
n
c
t
i
o
n
o
f
t
h
e
i
l
l
u
m
i
n
a
t
i
o
n
G
,
t
e
m
p
e
r
a
t
u
r
e
o
f
m
o
d
u
l
e
T
a
n
d
v
o
l
t
a
g
e
V
o
f
P
V
m
o
d
u
l
e
.
Fig
u
r
e
4
.
L
o
o
k
u
p
tab
le
m
o
d
el
in
Ma
tlab
/
Si
m
u
li
n
k
3.
RE
SU
L
T
S AN
D
D
I
SCU
SS
I
O
N
3
.
1
.
E
x
peri
m
ent
a
l benc
h
T
h
e
v
alid
atio
n
o
f
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
e
d
m
o
d
els
r
eq
u
ir
es
an
u
p
-
to
-
d
ate
ex
p
er
i
m
en
tal
d
atab
ase
th
at
r
ep
r
esen
t
s
th
e
m
eteo
r
o
lo
g
ical
co
n
d
itio
n
s
o
f
Mo
r
o
cc
o
.
Fo
r
th
u
s
,
w
e
h
a
v
e
lo
ca
ted
t
h
e
e
x
p
er
i
m
e
n
tal
b
en
c
h
at
Gr
ee
n
E
n
er
g
y
P
ar
k
in
B
e
n
g
u
er
ir
C
i
t
y
,
allo
w
i
n
g
t
h
e
r
ec
o
r
d
in
g
o
f
t
h
e
I
(
V)
ch
ar
ac
ter
is
tic
s
co
r
r
esp
o
n
d
in
g
to
a
d
u
r
atio
n
o
f
5
6
d
ay
s
.
T
h
ese
r
eg
i
s
tr
atio
n
s
co
n
ce
r
n
ed
f
o
u
r
P
V
m
o
d
u
les o
f
d
if
f
er
e
n
t te
c
h
n
o
lo
g
ies:
m
o
n
o
cr
y
s
talli
n
e
s
ilico
n
,
m
icr
o
cr
y
s
ta
lli
n
e
a
m
o
r
p
h
o
u
s
,
ca
d
m
iu
m
tell
u
r
id
e
an
d
C
I
S.
Data
is
ca
p
tu
r
ed
w
it
h
a
1
0
m
i
n
u
te
s
s
a
m
p
li
n
g
p
er
io
d
th
r
o
u
g
h
o
u
t
th
e
d
a
y
.
I
t
co
n
tain
s
t
h
e
ill
u
m
in
at
io
n
,
m
o
d
u
le
te
m
p
er
at
u
r
e,
cu
r
r
en
t
an
d
v
o
ltag
e
d
ata
p
r
o
v
id
ed
b
y
th
e
P
V
m
o
d
u
les
.
T
h
e
d
ata
is
co
llected
u
s
in
g
a
n
a
c
t
i
v
e
l
o
a
d
,
a
t
e
m
p
e
r
a
t
u
r
e
s
e
n
s
o
r
(
p
t
1
0
0
0
)
,
a
s
u
n
s
e
n
s
o
r
(
h
e
m
i
s
p
h
e
r
i
c
a
l
s
o
l
a
r
r
a
d
i
a
t
i
o
n
)
,
a
n
d
a
d
a
t
a
a
c
q
u
i
s
i
t
i
o
n
s
er
v
er
(
P
V
A
n
al
y
ze
r
-
SQ
L
C
o
n
n
ec
t
C
en
ter
,
as
ill
u
s
tr
ated
in
F
ig
u
r
e
5.
T
h
e
r
esu
lts
ar
e
v
a
lid
ated
b
y
f
o
u
r
P
V
tech
n
o
lo
g
ies.
T
ab
le
1
s
u
m
m
ar
izes th
e
elec
tr
ical
c
h
ar
ac
ter
is
ti
cs o
f
th
e
P
V
tech
n
o
lo
g
ie
s
s
t
u
d
ied
.
Fig
u
r
e
5
.
T
h
e
ex
p
er
im
e
n
tal
b
e
n
ch
at
Gr
ee
n
E
n
er
g
y
P
ar
k
in
B
en
g
u
er
ir
C
it
y
G
V
T
3D
L
U
T
I
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8708
I
n
t J
E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
,
Vo
l.
10
,
No
.
6
,
Dec
em
b
er
2
0
2
0
:
6
1
0
1
-
6
1
1
0
6106
T
ab
le
1
.
T
y
p
ical
elec
tr
ical
ch
a
r
ac
ter
is
tics
o
f
s
o
lar
m
o
d
u
les
s
t
u
d
ied
M
o
d
u
l
e
P
V
S
H
A
R
P
N
S
-
F
1
3
5
G
5
[
2
4
]
P
o
w
e
r
M
a
x
S
T
R
O
N
G
1
2
0
[
2
5
]
T
S
M
-
D
C
0
1
A
[
2
6
]
C
A
L
Y
X
O
C
X
3
[
2
7
]
M
a
t
e
r
i
a
l
A
mo
r
p
h
e
/
M
i
c
r
o
c
r
y
st
a
l
l
i
n
e
C
I
S
M
o
n
o
-
Si
C
d
t
e
V
o
c
(
V
)
6
1
.
3
5
8
.
3
4
5
.
1
62
I
sc
(
A
)
3
.
4
1
3
.
2
2
5
.
5
2
1
.
9
2
V
mp
(
V
)
47
4
2
.
8
3
6
.
8
4
6
.
6
I
mp
(
A
)
2
.
8
8
2
.
8
1
5
.
1
8
1
.
6
8
P
max
(
W
)
1
3
5
1
2
0
1
9
0
7
7
.
5
Ns
--
--
72
--
K
v
%/
ᵒ
C
-
0
.
3
-
1
7
0
mV
/
ᵒ
C
-
0
.
3
5
-
0
.
2
4
Ki
0
.
0
7
%/
ᵒ
C
0
.
1
mA
/
ᵒ
C
0
.
0
5
%/
ᵒ
C
0
.
0
2
%/
ᵒ
K
K
mp
(
%/
°
C
)
-
0
.
2
4
-
0
.
3
9
%/
ᵒ
C
-
0
.
4
5
-
0
.
2
5
N
O
C
T
(
°
C
)
--
--
46
45
3
.
2
.
E
v
a
lua
t
i
o
n
cr
it
e
ria
T
h
e
co
ef
f
icie
n
t
o
f
d
eter
m
i
n
at
io
n
R
d
a
n
d
t
h
e
m
ea
n
s
q
u
ar
e
er
r
o
r
R
MSE
,
ar
e
ca
lcu
lated
t
o
ev
alu
ate
th
e
p
r
ec
is
io
n
o
f
th
e
p
ar
a
m
eter
s
f
o
r
ea
ch
tec
h
n
o
lo
g
y
s
tu
d
ied
[
2
8
]
.
R
d
is
a
q
u
alit
y
i
n
d
icato
r
o
f
lin
ea
r
r
eg
r
es
s
io
n
.
I
t
d
escr
ib
es
th
e
ef
f
ec
t
o
f
th
e
i
n
d
ep
en
d
en
t
v
ar
iab
le
o
n
th
e
d
ep
en
d
en
t
v
ar
iab
le.
T
h
e
v
alu
e
o
f
th
i
s
co
ef
f
icien
t
i
s
tak
en
b
et
w
ee
n
0
an
d
1
.
I
t is
ca
lcu
lated
ac
co
r
d
in
g
to
(
9
)
.
N
1
i
2
m
e
s
m
e
s
N
1
i
2
m
e
s
d
G
)
i
(
G
)
i
(
G
)
i
(
G
1
R
(
9
)
w
h
er
e:
N
)
i
(
G
G
N
1
i
m
e
s
m
e
s
is
th
e
ar
it
h
m
e
tic
m
ea
n
o
f
t
h
e
m
ea
s
u
r
ed
q
u
a
n
tit
y
G.
T
h
e
R
MSE
m
ea
n
s
q
u
ar
e
er
r
o
r
d
escr
ib
es
th
e
d
if
f
er
e
n
ce
b
et
w
ee
n
th
e
v
al
u
es
p
r
ed
ic
ted
b
y
a
m
o
d
el
a
n
d
th
e
v
al
u
e
s
ac
tu
all
y
o
b
s
er
v
ed
.
I
t is ca
lcu
la
ted
ac
co
r
d
in
g
to
th
e
f
o
r
m
u
la
in
(
1
0)
.
N
1
i
2
c
a
l
i
m
e
s
i
N
G
G
R
MS
E
(
1
0
)
F
u
r
t
h
er
m
o
r
e
,
w
e
ca
lc
u
lated
t
h
e
a
v
er
ag
e
co
m
p
u
tatio
n
ti
m
e
t
CPU
,
to
esti
m
ate
th
e
s
p
ee
d
ex
ec
u
t
io
n
o
f
ea
ch
p
r
o
ce
s
s
ed
m
o
d
els
.
3
.
3
.
Resul
t
s
a
nd
dis
cu
s
s
io
n
B
ased
o
n
t
h
e
e
x
p
er
i
m
e
n
tal
d
a
ta
co
llected
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
Gr
ee
n
E
n
er
g
y
P
ar
k
i
n
B
e
n
g
u
er
ir
C
it
y
,
f
o
r
ea
c
h
P
V
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
s
tu
d
ied
,
th
e
e
x
p
er
im
e
n
tal
c
h
ar
ac
ter
is
t
ics
ar
e
co
m
p
ar
ed
to
th
e
s
i
m
u
latio
n
r
e
s
u
lt
s
o
f
m
o
d
el
s
t
h
at
h
av
e
b
ee
n
d
ev
elo
p
ed
.
T
h
e
r
esu
lt
s
o
b
tai
n
ed
,
allo
w
f
i
n
d
in
g
th
e
m
o
s
t
e
f
f
icie
n
t
m
o
d
el,
wh
ich
g
iv
es
t
h
e
b
est
co
r
r
elatio
n
co
m
p
ar
ed
to
th
e
e
x
p
er
i
m
e
n
tal
I
(
V)
c
u
r
v
e
s
,
f
o
r
th
e
f
o
u
r
P
V
tec
h
n
o
lo
g
ies
.
Fi
g
u
r
es
6
,
7
,
8
,
9
an
d
1
0
r
esp
ec
tiv
el
y
s
h
o
w
t
h
e
r
esu
lts
o
f
ap
p
l
y
i
n
g
t
h
e
5
-
p
ar
a
m
eter
s
,
2
-
p
ar
a
m
eter
s
,
2
-
li
n
es,
4
-
li
n
es
an
d
L
UT
m
o
d
el
f
o
r
th
e
f
o
u
r
P
V
p
an
el
tech
n
o
lo
g
ies.
T
h
e
I
(
V)
ch
ar
ac
ter
is
tics
ar
e
g
iv
en
f
o
r
d
if
f
er
en
t
v
a
lu
es
o
f
illu
m
i
n
atio
n
an
d
te
m
p
er
atu
r
e
s
.
I
n
all
s
t
u
d
ied
ca
s
es,
w
e
cle
ar
l
y
n
o
tice
t
h
at
t
h
e
s
i
m
u
late
d
v
alu
e
s
a
g
r
ee
w
it
h
t
h
e
e
x
p
er
im
e
n
ta
l
m
ea
s
u
r
e
m
e
n
t
s
.
At
s
o
m
e
p
o
w
er
r
an
g
e,
th
e
y
ar
e
liter
all
y
id
en
tical.
T
o
ev
alu
ate
th
e
ac
cu
r
ac
y
o
f
ea
ch
m
o
d
el
,
T
ab
le
2
s
u
m
m
ar
izes
th
e
v
al
u
es
ca
lcu
la
ted
f
o
r
t
h
e
co
ef
f
i
cien
t
o
f
d
eter
m
in
at
io
n
R
d
a
n
d
th
e
m
ea
n
s
q
u
ar
e
er
r
o
r
R
MSE
.
T
h
e
co
m
p
ar
is
o
n
o
f
th
e
d
if
f
er
en
t
m
o
d
el
s
’
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
s
r
eq
u
ir
es
t
h
e
ca
lc
u
la
tio
n
o
f
th
e
a
v
er
ag
e
v
alu
e
s
o
f
t
h
e
d
if
f
er
en
t c
r
iter
ia
as sh
o
w
n
i
n
T
ab
l
e
3
.
T
h
e
an
al
y
s
is
o
f
t
h
e
r
e
s
u
l
ts
p
r
e
s
en
ted
o
n
T
ab
les
2
an
d
3
,
s
h
o
w
s
a
h
i
g
h
co
m
p
r
o
m
i
s
e
i
n
p
r
ec
is
io
n
a
n
d
s
p
ee
d
o
f
ex
ec
u
tio
n
b
y
th
e
5
-
p
ar
a
m
eter
s
m
o
d
el
(
R
d
=0
.
9
9
3
,
t
C
P
U
=0
.
1
6
s
)
,
an
d
4
-
lin
es
m
o
d
el
(
R
d
=0
.
9
8
9
,
t
C
P
U
=0
.
0
3
s
)
.
T
h
e
L
UT
m
o
d
el
is
le
s
s
p
r
ec
is
e
b
u
t
i
t
s
t
ill
t
h
e
f
as
test
(R
d
=0
.
9
6
,
t
C
P
U
=0
.
0
1
s
)
.
A
s
an
ec
o
n
o
m
ic
s
t
u
d
y
i
s
r
e
q
u
i
r
e
d
f
o
r
t
h
e
d
e
s
i
g
n
o
f
p
h
o
t
o
v
o
l
t
a
i
c
e
m
u
l
a
t
o
r
,
a
n
d
s
i
n
c
e
t
h
e
l
o
w
-
c
o
s
t
m
i
c
r
o
-
c
o
n
t
r
o
l
l
e
r
s
h
a
s
m
e
m
o
r
y
l
i
m
i
t
a
t
i
o
n
i
s
s
u
e
s
,
t
h
e
f
o
u
r
l
i
n
e
s
a
p
p
r
o
a
c
h
i
s
t
h
e
m
o
s
t
a
p
p
r
o
p
r
i
a
t
e
f
o
r
m
o
d
e
l
i
n
g
I
(
V
)
c
u
r
v
e
s
o
f
t
h
e
P
V
p
a
n
e
l
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J
E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
I
SS
N:
2
0
8
8
-
8708
Dev
elo
p
men
t o
f a
p
h
o
t
o
vo
lta
i
c
ch
a
r
a
cteris
tics
g
en
era
to
r
b
a
s
ed
…
(
S
a
mia
Je
n
ka
l
)
6107
Fig
u
r
e
6
.
C
o
m
p
ar
is
o
n
b
et
w
ee
n
ex
p
er
i
m
en
ta
l a
n
d
si
m
ul
at
ed
I
(
V)
ch
ar
ac
ter
is
tics
o
f
t
h
e
f
i
v
e
-
p
ar
a
m
eter
s
m
o
d
el
Fig
u
r
e
7
.
C
o
m
p
ar
is
o
n
b
et
w
ee
n
ex
p
er
i
m
en
ta
l a
n
d
s
i
m
u
lated
I
(
V)
ch
ar
ac
ter
is
tics
o
f
t
h
e
t
w
o
-
p
ar
a
m
eter
s
m
o
d
el
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8708
I
n
t J
E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
,
Vo
l.
10
,
No
.
6
,
Dec
em
b
er
2
0
2
0
:
6
1
0
1
-
6
1
1
0
6108
Fig
u
r
e
8
.
C
o
m
p
ar
is
o
n
b
et
w
ee
n
ex
p
er
i
m
en
ta
l a
n
d
s
i
m
u
lated
I
(
V)
ch
ar
ac
ter
is
tics
o
f
t
h
e
t
w
o
-
li
n
es
m
o
d
el
Fig
u
r
e
9
.
C
o
m
p
ar
is
o
n
b
et
w
ee
n
ex
p
er
i
m
en
ta
l a
n
d
s
i
m
u
lated
I
(
V)
ch
ar
ac
ter
is
tics
o
f
t
h
e
Fo
u
r
-
lin
e
s
m
o
d
el
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J
E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
I
SS
N:
2
0
8
8
-
8708
Dev
elo
p
men
t o
f a
p
h
o
t
o
vo
lta
i
c
ch
a
r
a
cteris
tics
g
en
era
to
r
b
a
s
ed
…
(
S
a
mia
Je
n
ka
l
)
6109
Fig
u
r
e
1
0
.
C
o
m
p
ar
is
o
n
b
et
w
e
en
ex
p
er
i
m
en
ta
l a
n
d
s
i
m
u
lated
I
(
V)
ch
ar
ac
ter
is
tics
o
f
t
h
e
L
U
T
m
o
d
el
T
ab
le
2
.
Su
m
m
ar
y
o
f
t
h
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
o
f
m
o
d
el
s
s
t
u
d
ied
T
e
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
C
r
i
t
e
r
i
o
n
5
p
a
r
a
me
t
e
r
s
2
p
a
r
a
me
t
e
r
s
2
l
i
n
e
s
4
l
i
n
e
s
L
U
T
S
H
A
R
P
NS
-
F
1
3
5
G
5
A
mo
r
p
h
e
R
d
0
.
9
8
8
7
0
.
9
9
7
4
0
.
8
7
7
1
0
.
9
8
6
4
0
.
9
6
4
3
RM
S
E
0
.
0
9
8
2
0
.
0
4
7
2
0
.
3
2
3
5
0
.
9
8
6
4
0
.
1
7
4
3
t
CP
U
(
s)
0
.
1
6
5
4
0
.
0
3
7
0
0
.
0
3
6
9
0
.
0
3
9
8
0
.
0
0
8
1
C
a
l
y
x
o
C
x
3
C
d
t
e
R
d
0
.
9
9
7
3
0
.
9
9
3
4
0
.
9
5
8
0
0
.
9
9
6
6
0
.
9
9
5
2
RM
S
E
0
.
0
2
7
7
0
.
0
4
2
9
0
.
1
0
8
7
0
.
0
3
0
8
0
.
0
3
6
8
t
CP
U
(
s)
0
.
3
5
8
1
0
.
0
4
4
5
0
.
0
3
8
5
0
.
0
3
6
6
0
.
0
0
8
1
P
o
w
e
r
M
a
x
S
T
R
O
N
G
1
2
0
C
I
S
R
d
0
.
9
9
8
0
0
.
9
7
5
1
0
.
9
3
9
0
0
.
9
9
4
8
0
.
9
7
7
0
RM
S
E
0
.
0
3
8
9
0
.
1
3
7
3
0
.
2
1
5
1
0
.
0
6
2
6
0
.
1
3
2
0
t
CP
U
(
s)
0
.
1
6
4
3
0
.
0
3
9
9
0
.
0
3
7
2
0
.
0
3
6
9
0
.
0
1
0
1
T
S
M
-
D
C
0
1
A
M
o
n
o
-
Si
R
d
0
.
9
9
5
0
0
.
9
7
2
1
0
.
8
2
5
1
0
.
9
8
3
4
0
.
9
3
2
2
RM
S
E
0
.
1
0
8
0
0
.
2
5
6
1
0
.
6
4
0
6
0
.
1
9
7
4
0
.
3
9
8
9
t
CP
U
(
s)
0
.
0
6
7
7
0
.
0
3
7
0
0
.
0
3
0
2
0
.
0
3
7
2
0
.
0
0
8
2
T
ab
le
3
.
Su
m
m
ar
y
o
f
t
h
e
av
er
ag
e
cr
iter
ia
f
o
r
th
e
f
o
u
r
tech
n
o
lo
g
ies
A
v
e
r
a
g
e
c
r
i
t
e
r
i
a
5
p
a
r
a
me
t
e
r
s
2
p
a
r
a
me
t
e
r
s
2
l
i
n
e
s
4
l
i
n
e
s
L
U
T
R
d
0
.
9
9
3
8
2
0.
9
8
2
9
2
0
.
9
0
6
6
6
0
.
9
8
9
4
2
0
.
9
6
2
5
8
RM
S
E
0
.
1
0
7
2
6
0.
1
7
7
8
2
0
.
3
9
3
6
0
.
3
1
8
3
2
0
.
2
6
9
5
4
t
CP
U
(
s)
0
.
1
6
3
2
0.
0
5
1
3
8
0
.
0
3
8
5
0
.
0
3
9
0
8
0
.
0
1
0
2
4.
CO
NCLU
SI
O
N
T
h
e
ai
m
o
f
th
i
s
ar
ticle
is
t
h
e
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
o
f
a
p
h
o
to
v
o
l
taic
ch
ar
ac
ter
is
t
ic
g
e
n
er
ato
r
s
b
ased
o
n
m
at
h
e
m
a
tical
m
o
d
el
s
.
T
h
e
p
a
r
a
m
eter
s
esti
m
atio
n
p
r
o
b
lem
i
s
s
o
lv
ed
u
s
in
g
a
s
y
s
te
m
o
f
eq
u
atio
n
s
d
eter
m
i
n
ed
u
s
i
n
g
t
h
e
elec
tr
ical
cir
cu
i
t
m
eth
o
d
,
th
e
lin
ea
r
in
ter
p
o
latio
n
m
et
h
o
d
,
an
d
t
h
e
L
UT
m
o
d
el
.
T
h
e
ex
p
er
i
m
e
n
tal
v
alid
atio
n
o
f
t
h
ese
m
o
d
els
is
d
o
n
e
f
o
r
f
o
u
r
tech
n
o
l
o
g
ies:
m
o
n
o
cr
y
s
ta
lli
n
e
s
ilic
o
n
(
T
SM
-
DC
0
1
A
)
,
m
icr
o
cr
y
s
ta
lli
n
e
a
m
o
r
p
h
o
u
s
(
SH
A
R
P
NS
-
F1
3
5
G5
)
,
C
I
S
(
Po
w
er
Ma
x
ST
R
ONG
1
2
0
)
an
d
C
d
T
e
(
C
aly
x
o
C
x
3
C
d
te)
.
T
h
e
test
b
en
ch
h
as
b
ee
n
lo
ca
ted
at
Gr
ee
n
E
n
er
g
y
P
ar
k
in
B
en
g
u
er
ir
C
i
t
y
,
Mo
r
o
cc
o
,
allo
w
in
g
th
e
r
ec
o
r
d
in
g
o
f
t
h
e
I
(
V)
ch
a
r
ac
ter
is
tics
o
f
P
V
p
a
n
e
ls
.
T
h
e
r
esu
lt
s
s
h
o
w
t
h
at
t
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
m
o
d
els
ar
e
v
er
y
p
r
ec
is
e
an
d
ag
r
ee
w
ith
t
h
e
e
x
p
er
im
e
n
tal
m
ea
s
u
r
e
m
en
t
s
.
A
co
m
p
ar
ati
v
e
s
t
u
d
y
i
s
p
er
f
o
r
m
ed
in
o
r
d
er
to
f
in
d
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8708
I
n
t J
E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
,
Vo
l.
10
,
No
.
6
,
Dec
em
b
er
2
0
2
0
:
6
1
0
1
-
6
1
1
0
6110
th
e
h
ig
h
ac
c
u
r
ac
y
m
o
d
el
an
d
i
t
h
a
v
e
d
e
m
o
n
s
tr
ated
th
a
t
th
e
4
-
li
n
es
m
o
d
el
is
f
as
t
,
ac
cu
r
ate
a
n
d
s
tr
ai
g
h
t
-
f
o
r
w
ar
d
(R
d
=0
.
9
8
9
,
R
MSE
=0
.
3
1
8
,
t
C
P
U
=0
.
0
3
s
)
.
Oth
er
w
i
s
e,
i
t
is
p
l
an
n
ed
a
s
a
f
u
t
u
r
e
p
er
s
p
ec
ti
v
e,
to
r
ea
lize
th
is
e
m
u
lato
r
in
o
r
d
er
to
ap
p
ly
t
h
e
s
e
m
o
d
els as
w
el
l a
s
d
ev
elo
p
o
th
er
m
et
h
o
d
s
o
f
e
m
u
latio
n
.
RE
F
E
R
E
NC
E
S
[1
]
K.
Ch
o
u
k
ri,
A
.
Na
d
d
a
m
i,
a
n
d
S
.
Ha
y
a
n
i,
“
Re
n
e
w
a
b
le
e
n
e
rg
y
in
e
m
e
rg
e
n
t
c
o
u
n
tri
e
s :
L
e
ss
o
n
s f
ro
m
e
n
e
rg
y
tran
siti
o
n
in
M
o
ro
c
c
o
,
”
En
e
rg
y
,
S
u
st
a
in
.
S
o
c
.
,
v
o
l.
7
,
n
o
.
1
,
p
p
.
1
-
1
1
,
2
0
1
7
.
[2
]
“
M
in
istry
o
f
En
e
rg
y
,
M
in
e
s,
Wate
r
a
n
d
En
v
iro
n
m
e
n
t,
Na
ti
o
n
a
l
e
n
e
rg
y
stra
teg
i
e
s
h
o
rizo
n
2
0
3
0
-
f
re
n
sh
v
e
rsio
n
,
”
[
On
li
n
e
]
,
A
v
a
i
la
b
le:
h
tt
p
:/
/g
iz
-
e
n
e
rg
y
.
m
a
/
w
p
-
c
o
n
ten
t/
u
p
lo
a
d
s/sit
e
s/1
2
8
/
2
0
1
7
/
0
6
/S
T
RAT
E
G
IE
-
EN
ERG
E
T
IQU
E
-
NA
T
ION
AL
E
2
0
1
1
.
p
d
f
.
[3
]
F
.
Ou
tf
e
rd
in
e
,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
F
e
a
sib
il
it
y
o
f
su
b
stit
u
ti
o
n
o
f
th
e
c
o
n
v
e
n
ti
o
n
a
l
stre
e
t
li
g
h
ti
n
g
in
sta
ll
a
ti
o
n
b
y
th
e
p
h
o
to
v
o
lt
a
ic
c
a
se
stu
d
y
o
n
a
m
u
n
icip
a
li
ty
in
a
g
a
d
ir
in
m
o
r
o
c
c
o
,
”
In
ter
n
a
t
io
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
El
e
c
trica
l
a
n
d
Co
mp
u
t
e
r
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
(
IJ
ECE
)
,
v
o
l.
7
,
n
o
.
5
,
p
p
.
2
2
8
7
-
2
2
9
9
,
2
0
1
7
.
[4
]
W
.
H
o
ffm
a
n
n
,
“
P
V
so
lar
e
lec
tri
c
it
y
in
d
u
stry
:
M
a
rk
e
t
g
ro
w
th
a
n
d
p
e
rsp
e
c
ti
v
e
,
”
S
o
l
.
En
e
rg
y
M
a
t
e
r.
S
o
l.
Ce
ll
s
,
v
o
l.
9
0
,
n
o
.
1
8
-
1
9
,
p
p
.
3
2
8
5
-
3
3
1
1
,
2
0
0
6
.
[5
]
H.
Ca
n
,
“
M
o
d
e
l
o
f
a
p
h
o
to
v
o
lt
a
ic
p
a
n
e
l
e
m
u
lato
r
in
M
AT
LA
B
-
S
i
m
u
li
n
k
,
”
T
u
rk
ish
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
El
e
c
trica
l
En
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
a
n
d
C
o
mp
u
ter
S
c
ien
c
e
s
,
v
o
l.
2
1
,
n
o
.
2
,
p
p
.
3
0
1
-
3
0
8
,
2
0
1
3
.
[6
]
X
.
U.
Jia
n
z
h
o
n
g
,
A
.
A
ss
e
n
o
v
a
,
V
.
Ero
k
h
in
,
“
Re
n
e
w
a
b
le
e
n
e
rg
y
a
n
d
su
sta
in
a
b
le d
e
v
e
lo
p
m
e
n
t
in
a
re
so
u
rc
e
-
a
b
u
n
d
a
n
t
c
o
u
n
try
:
Ch
a
ll
e
n
g
e
s o
f
w
in
d
p
o
w
e
r
g
e
n
e
ra
ti
o
n
in
K
a
z
a
k
h
sta
n
,
”
S
u
s
ta
in
a
b
i
li
ty,
v
o
l
.
1
0
,
n
o
.
9
,
p
p
.
1
-
2
1
,
2
0
1
8
.
[7
]
L
.
A
d
rian
a
a
n
d
T
.
G
risa
l
e
s,
“
Tec
n
u
ra
,
”
T
e
c
n
u
ra
,
v
o
l.
2
0
,
n
o
.
4
8
,
p
p
.
1
7
1
-
1
8
3
,
2
0
1
6
.
[8
]
D.
D.
C.
L
u
a
n
d
Q.
N.
Ng
u
y
e
n
,
“
A
p
h
o
to
v
o
lt
a
ic
p
a
n
e
l
e
m
u
lato
r
u
sin
g
a
b
u
c
k
-
b
o
o
st
DC/DC
c
o
n
v
e
rter
a
n
d
a
lo
w
c
o
st m
icro
-
c
o
n
tro
ll
e
r,
”
S
o
l
.
En
e
rg
y
,
v
o
l.
8
6
,
n
o
.
5
,
p
p
.
1
4
7
7
-
1
4
8
4
,
2
0
1
2
.
[9
]
O.
Ou
ss
a
le
m
,
M
.
Ko
u
rc
h
i,
A
.
Ra
c
h
d
y
,
M
.
A
ja
a
m
o
u
m
,
H.
Id
a
d
o
u
b
,
a
n
d
S
.
Je
n
k
a
l,
“
A
lo
w
c
o
st
c
o
n
tr
o
ll
e
r
o
f
P
V
s
y
ste
m
b
a
se
d
o
n
A
rd
u
in
o
b
o
a
rd
a
n
d
INC alg
o
ri
th
m
,
”
M
a
ter
ia
ls T
o
d
a
y
:
Pro
c
e
e
d
i
n
g
s,
v
o
l.
2
4
,
p
p
.
1
0
4
-
1
0
9
,
2
0
2
0
.
[
1
0
]
B
.
B
r
a
h
i
m
,
B
.
L
a
h
o
u
s
s
i
n
e
,
a
n
d
I
.
A
h
m
e
d
,
“
C
o
m
p
a
r
a
t
i
v
e
s
t
u
d
y
o
f
t
h
e
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
a
n
c
e
i
m
p
r
o
v
e
m
e
n
t
o
f
f
o
u
r
p
v
t
e
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
i
e
s
c
o
n
t
r
o
l
l
e
d
b
y
a
s
o
l
a
r
t
r
a
c
k
e
r
-
c
a
s
e
o
f
A
g
a
d
i
r
C
i
t
y
i
n
M
o
r
o
c
c
o
,
”
S
e
m
a
n
t
i
c
s
c
h
o
l
a
r
,
v
o
l
.
5
,
n
o
.
1
2
,
p
p
.
1
1
-
1
6
,
2
0
1
6
.
[1
1
]
O.
Ou
ss
a
le
m
e
t
a
l.
,
“
Re
a
li
z
a
ti
o
n
o
f
a
c
o
n
tr
o
l
p
latf
o
rm
o
f
a
p
h
o
to
v
o
lt
a
ic
sy
ste
m
o
p
ti
m
ize
d
b
y
M
P
P
T
stra
teg
y
‘p
e
rtu
rb
a
n
d
o
b
se
rv
e
,
”
In
t.
Rev
.
A
u
to
m.
C
o
n
tro
l
,
v
o
l.
1
2
,
n
o
.
3
,
p
p
.
1
1
5
-
1
2
2
,
2
0
1
9
.
[1
2
]
M
.
A
jaa
m
o
u
m
,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
P
h
o
to
v
o
lt
a
ic
p
a
n
e
l
e
m
u
lato
rs,
d
e
sig
n
a
n
d
im
p
lem
e
n
tatio
n
u
sin
g
ra
p
id
p
r
o
to
ty
p
in
g
tec
h
n
iq
u
e
,
”
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
Rev
iew
o
f
El
e
c
trica
l
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
,
v
o
l
.
9
,
n
o
.
5
,
p
p
.
1
0
1
2
-
1
0
2
0
,
2
0
1
4
.
[1
3
]
K.
Uk
o
i
m
a
a
n
d
E.
O.
A
g
w
u
,
“
T
h
re
e
-
d
io
d
e
m
o
d
e
l
a
n
d
si
m
u
latio
n
o
f
p
h
o
to
v
o
l
taic
(
PV
)
c
e
ll
s,
”
Um
u
d
ike
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
En
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
a
n
d
T
e
c
h
n
o
lo
g
y
,
v
o
l.
5
,
p
p
.
1
0
8
-
1
1
6
,
2
0
1
9
.
[1
4
]
I.
Ho
u
ss
a
m
o
a
n
d
Co
n
tri
b
u
ti
o
n
,
“
Co
n
tri
b
u
t
io
n
à
l’étu
d
e
th
é
o
riq
u
e
,
à
la
m
o
d
é
li
sa
ti
o
n
e
t
à
la
m
i
se
e
n
œu
v
re
d
’u
n
s
y
stè
m
e
m
u
lt
iso
u
rc
e
a
p
p
a
rten
a
n
t
à
u
n
m
icro
-
ré
s
e
a
u
é
lec
tri
q
u
e
-
Co
n
tri
b
u
ti
o
n
t
o
th
e
th
e
o
re
ti
c
a
l
stu
d
y
,
th
e
m
o
d
e
li
n
g
a
n
d
th
e
im
p
lem
e
n
tatio
n
o
f
a
m
u
lt
iso
u
rc
e
s
y
ste
m
b
e
lo
n
g
in
g
to
a
n
e
lec
tri
c
a
l
m
icro
-
n
e
t
w
o
rk
(in
F
re
n
c
h
)
,”
Co
n
sid
é
ra
ti
o
n
s su
r l
a
q
u
a
li
té
d
e
l
’é
n
e
rg
ie,
2
0
1
5
.
[1
5
]
R.
Ay
o
p
a
n
d
C
.
W
.
T
a
n
,
“
A
c
o
m
p
re
h
e
n
siv
e
re
v
ie
w
o
n
p
h
o
to
v
o
l
taic
e
m
u
lato
r,
”
Ren
e
wa
b
le
a
n
d
S
u
st
a
in
a
b
le
En
e
rg
y
Rev
iews
,
v
o
l.
8
0
,
p
p
.
4
3
0
-
4
5
2
,
2
0
1
7
.
[1
6
]
M
.
C.
Di
P
iaz
z
a
a
n
d
G
.
V
it
a
le,
“
P
h
o
t
o
v
o
lt
a
ic
so
u
rc
e
s:
m
o
d
e
li
n
g
a
n
d
e
m
u
latio
n
,
”
S
p
rin
g
e
r
S
c
ien
c
e
&
Bu
sin
e
ss
M
e
d
ia
.
,
p
p
.
7
6
-
8
6
,
2
0
1
3
.
[1
7
]
R.
S
z
a
b
o
a
n
d
A
.
G
o
n
tea
n
,
“
P
h
o
to
v
o
lt
a
ic
Ce
ll
a
n
d
M
o
d
u
le
I
-
V
Ch
a
r
a
c
teristic
A
p
p
ro
x
im
a
ti
o
n
Us
in
g
Bé
z
ier
Cu
rv
e
s,”
Ap
p
li
e
d
S
c
ie
n
c
e
s
,
v
o
l.
8
,
n
o
.
5
,
2
0
1
8
.
[1
8
]
R.
Kh
e
n
f
e
r
,
“
Dé
t
e
c
ti
o
n
e
t
iso
latio
n
d
e
d
é
f
a
u
ts
c
o
m
b
in
a
n
t
d
e
s
m
é
th
o
d
e
s
à
b
a
se
d
e
d
o
n
n
é
e
s
a
p
p
li
q
u
é
e
s
a
u
x
s
y
st
è
m
e
s
é
lec
tro
-
é
n
e
rg
é
ti
q
u
e
s S
o
u
ten
u
,
”
Di
ss
.
,
2
0
0
5
.
[1
9
]
E.
I.
Ba
n
u
,
P
.
E
n
g
,
a
n
d
M
.
Istra
te,
“
M
o
d
e
li
n
g
A
n
d
S
im
u
latio
n
Of
P
h
o
t
o
v
o
lt
a
ic A
rra
y
s
,
”
Bu
letin
u
l
A
GIR,
2
0
1
4
.
[2
0
]
S
.
Je
n
k
a
l,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
De
sig
n
a
n
d
im
p
lem
e
n
tatio
n
o
f
a
n
a
g
il
e
n
t
-
b
a
se
d
p
latf
o
r
m
f
o
r
P
V
f
e
a
tu
re
g
e
n
e
ra
to
r
b
a
se
d
o
n
L
UT
tab
les
,
”
M
a
ter
.
T
o
d
a
y
Pr
o
c
.
,
v
o
l
.
2
4
,
p
p
.
9
5
9
9
,
2
0
2
0
.
[2
1
]
M
.
G
.
V
il
lalv
a
,
J.
R.
Ga
z
o
li
,
a
n
d
E.
R.
F
il
h
o
,
“
Co
m
p
re
h
e
n
si
v
e
A
p
p
ro
a
c
h
to
M
o
d
e
li
n
g
a
n
d
S
im
u
latio
n
o
f
P
h
o
t
o
v
o
lt
a
ic A
rra
y
s,”
IEE
E
T
ra
n
s.
POW
ER
El
e
c
tro
n
.
,
v
o
l.
2
4
,
n
o
.
5
,
p
p
.
1
1
9
8
-
1
2
0
8
,
2
0
0
9
.
[2
2
]
B.
Ha
b
b
a
ti
,
Y.
Ra
m
d
a
n
i,
a
n
d
F
.
M
o
u
lay
,
“
A
d
e
tailed
m
o
d
e
li
n
g
o
f
p
h
o
to
v
o
lt
a
ic m
o
d
u
le u
sin
g
M
A
TL
A
B,
”
NRIA
G J.
Astro
n
.
Ge
o
p
h
y
s.
,
v
o
l.
3
,
n
o
.
1
,
p
p
.
5
3
-
6
1
,
2
0
1
4
.
[2
3
]
N.
M
.
No
o
r
,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
Co
m
p
a
riso
n
o
f
L
in
e
a
r
In
terp
o
lati
o
n
M
e
th
o
d
a
n
d
M
e
a
n
M
e
t
h
o
d
t
o
Re
p
lac
e
T
h
e
M
iss
in
g
V
a
lu
e
s
In
En
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
tal
Da
ta S
e
t,
”
M
a
ter
.
S
c
i.
F
o
ru
m,
v
o
l
.
8
0
3
,
p
p
.
2
7
8
-
2
8
1
,
2
0
1
5
.
[2
4
]
“
T
e
c
h
n
ica
l
S
h
e
e
t
o
f
1
3
5
W
/
1
2
5
W
NS
-
F
1
3
5
G
5
/NS
F
1
2
5
G
5
Am
o
rp
h
o
u
s
S
i
li
c
o
n
/M
icro
c
ry
sta
ll
in
e
S
il
ico
n
S
h
a
r
p
.
”
[
On
li
n
e
]
.
A
v
a
il
a
b
le:
h
tt
p
:/
/sh
a
r
p
-
a
f
g
.
c
o
m
/?p
ro
d
u
c
t=n
s
-
f
1
3
5
g
5
.
[2
5
]
“
T
e
c
h
n
ica
l
S
h
e
e
t
o
f
S
o
lar
P
a
n
e
l
P
OW
ERM
A
X
.
”
[
On
li
n
e
]
.
A
v
a
il
a
b
le:
h
tt
p
s://
f
r.
e
n
f
so
lar.co
m
/p
v
/p
a
n
e
l
-
d
a
tas
h
e
e
t/
T
h
in
-
f
il
m
/2
5
5
.
[2
6
]
“
T
e
c
h
n
ica
l
S
h
e
e
t
o
f
T
S
M
-
DC0
1
A
-
T
rin
a
S
o
lar.”
[
On
li
n
e
]
.
A
v
a
il
a
b
le:
h
tt
p
s://
sta
ti
c
.
tri
n
a
so
lar.c
o
m
/sit
e
s/d
e
f
a
u
lt
/
f
il
e
s/Co
m
a
x
_
DC0
1
A
_
Da
ta
sh
e
e
t_
F
e
b
1
3
_
EN.
p
d
f
.
[2
7
]
“
T
e
c
h
n
ica
l
S
h
e
e
t
o
f
Cd
T
e
p
a
n
e
l
w
it
h
T
h
in
F
il
m
S
o
lar
M
o
d
u
le
Cx
3
-
CA
L
YX
O.
”
[
On
li
n
e
]
.
A
v
a
il
a
b
le:
h
tt
p
s:/
/f
r.
e
n
f
so
lar.co
m
/p
v
/p
a
n
e
l
-
d
a
tas
h
e
e
t/
T
h
in
-
f
il
m
/8
7
3
.
[2
8
]
H.
Id
a
d
o
u
b
,
M
.
Ko
u
rc
h
i,
M
.
A
jaa
m
o
u
m
,
D.
Yo
u
sf
i,
a
n
d
A
.
Ra
c
h
d
y
,
“
Co
m
p
a
riso
n
a
n
d
e
x
p
e
r
ime
n
tal
v
a
li
d
a
ti
o
n
o
f
th
re
e
p
h
o
to
v
o
lt
a
ic m
o
d
e
ls o
f
f
o
u
r
tec
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
t
y
p
e
s,”
In
t.
J
.
T
e
c
h
.
P
h
y
s.
Pro
b
l.
E
n
g
.
,
v
o
l.
1
1
,
n
o
.
4
,
p
p
.
1
-
1
0
,
2
0
1
9
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.