Inter national J our nal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) V ol. 8, No. 2, April 2018, pp. 917 925 ISSN: 2088-8708 917       I ns t it u t e  o f  A d v a nce d  Eng ine e r i ng  a nd  S cie nce   w     w     w       i                       l       c       m     A Status Data T ransmitting System f or V essel Monitoring The Anh Nguy en Dinh 1 , Huy Le Xuan 2 , T uan Anh V u 3 , and Duong Bach Gia 4 1,2 V ietnam National Space Center , V ietnam Academy of Science and T echnology , V ietnam 3,4 VNU Uni v ersity of Engineering and T echnology , V ietnam Article Inf o Article history: Recei v ed September 7, 2017 Re vised: Jan 3, 2018 Accepted: Jan 28, 2018 K eyw ord: Marine communications W ideband synthesizer Mix er VCO-PLL Horn antenna ABSTRA CT This paper presents a status data transmitting system suitable for v essel monitoring. The system consists of four main parts, which are a frequenc y synthesizer , a horn antenna, a status data module and a po wer amplifier . The proposed frequenc y synthesizer can fle xibly change the frequenc y in a wide range (from 600 MHz to 4.2 GHz) and the output po wer (from -6 dBm to -3 dBm). By using the phase-lock ed loop, the synthesizer’ s stability o v er temperature and tolerance are comparable to temperature compensated crystal oscillators (TCXO) that is about +/- 3 ppm. Moreo v er , phase noise performance of the synthesizer is less tha n -90 dBc/Hz at 1 KHz and - 100 dBc/Hz at 100 KHz. The impedance bandwidth of the horn antenna can be controlled by using the be v eling technique. The status data module packs information of the identification, longitude, latitude, and state of the v essel into data frames. FSK/ MSK/GMSK schem es were used to modulate the data. The po wer amplifier pro vides 130 W output po wer at S-band. The fundamental characteristics of the implemented transmitter ha v e been measured and v erified. Copyright c 2018 Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science . All rights r eserved. Corresponding A uthor: Name: The Anh Nguyen Dinh Af filiation: V ietnam National Space Center (VNSC), V ietnam Academy of Science and T echnology Address: VNSC Building (A6), 18 Hoang Quoc V iet, Hanoi, V ietnam Phone: +84 0902061090 Email: ndtanh@vnsc.or g.vn 1. INTR ODUCTION Recently , maritime security has become a major concern of all coastal countries, and the fundamental requirement is maritime domain a w areness via identification, tracking, and monitoring of v essels within their w aters [1]. Ref. [1] briefly presented the recent technologies and systems for dif ferent types of v essels. These systems ha v e been designed and pro vided with a re gulatory frame w ork for other reasons such as sustainable fishery , search and rescue services, en vironmental protection, na vig ational safety , etc. Ho we v er , the main problem is the distance of communications. The con v entional methods such as GSM, UHF , VHF are limited by the communication distance, which is less than 100 km [2], [3]. Recently , satellite technology has e xtremely de v eloped and become the best method to solv e the abo v e problem [4]. In this paper , we are going to present the designs and measurement results of a status data transmitting system as illustrated in Fig. 1. The system is able to fle xibly change the transmitting parameters such as frequenc y , po wer le v el, mode of modulation, and state of a v ehicle. In addition, the frequenc y stability o v er temperature and frequenc y tolerance of the system are +/- 2.5 ppm and +/- 3 ppm, respecti v ely . The paper is or g anized as follo w . Section 2 introduces the architectures of the proposed status data transmitting system including detailed descriptions of each b uilding block. The results are presented in section 3 and conclusions are gi v en in the last section. 2. DESIGN OF THE ST A TUS D A T A TRANSMITTING SYSTEM The information is pack ed into data frames including the identificati on, longitude, latitude, and state of a v essel ( < GPS > , < ID > , < LA T > , < LONG > , < SOS > ). The proposed status module uses ADF7021 transcei v er from Analog De vice to process the data. The ADF7021 transcei v er is a high performance, lo w po wer , highly in- te grated 2FSK, 3FSK, 4FSK, MSK, GMSK transcei v er . It is designed to operate in the narro w-band, license-free J ournal Homepage: http://iaescor e .com/journals/inde x.php/IJECE       I ns t it u t e  o f  A d v a nce d  Eng ine e r i ng  a nd  S cie nce   w     w     w       i                       l       c       m     DOI:  10.11591/ijece.v8i2.pp917-925 Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
918 ISSN: 2088-8708                                                                 Da ta   T he  F re qu e ncy   Sy nthesizer   M o d u la t o r   M i x e r   RF  A m p li fier   An te n n a   M i x e r   De m o d u la t o r   Lo w   No ise   A m p li fier   An te n n a   Da ta   IF   RF        RF   IF   T RA NSMITT E R   RECEI VER   Figure 1. The proposed status data transmitting system ISM bands, and in the licensed bands with frequenc y ranges from 80 MHz to 650 MHz and 862 MHz to 950 MHz. This de vice has both Gaussian and raised cosine transmitting data filtering options to impro v e spectral ef ficienc y for narro w-band applications. A LC bandpass filter w as designed to ha v e 50 dB out-of-band attenuation for the sup- pression of harmonics as sho wn in Fig. 2. In this design, the status data module is inte grated with a L TC5510 mix er from Linear T echnology . The L TC5510 is a h i gh linearity mix er optimized for applications requiring v ery wide input bandwidth, lo w distortion, a nd lo w LO leakage. The mix er includes a double-balanced acti v e mix er with an input b uf fer and a high speed LO amplifier . The input is optimized to use with 1:1 t ransmission line baluns, allo wing v ery wideband impedance matching. Measurement results of the status module were presented in [5].                     Figure 2. The proposed status module 45 W W   45 W W   45W W   45W W   h i g h   p ow e r   am p li f ier                                                                 ÷  5W   130W W   Figure 3. The structure of the Po wer Amplifier The 80 W and 130 W po wer amplifiers were presented in [6] and [7], respecti v ely . The simulation results were obtained using a well-kno wn professional design softw are for micro w a v e engineering, Adv anced Design Sys- tem 2009. The performance of the po wer amplifier modules were v erifi ed e xperimentally using a v ector netw ork IJECE V ol. 8, No. 2, April 2018: 917 925 Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IJECE ISSN: 2088-8708 919 analyzer . As illustrated in Fig. 3, a high po wer amplifier based on tw o mentioned amplifier modules w as f abricated. Measurement results sho w that the po wer amplifier obtains a maximum output po wer of 130 W at S-band. 2.1. The Fr equency Synthesizer In general, high speed frequenc y synthesizers are di vided into tw o types including digital direct synthesizer (DDS) and phase-look ed loop (PLL) frequenc y synthesize r . The DDS has high c o n v ersi o n rate and high frequenc y resolution. Ho we v er , the dra wback of DDS is that it is not fle xible in changing the step of the transmitting frequenc y . As a result, DDS is not suitable for maritime applications. In comparison with DDS, PLL synthesizer’ s adv antages are high spurious suppression, relati v ely simple frequenc y control, and achie v able broadband frequenc y source [8] [9]. The main part of PLL frequenc y synthesizer is a phase-look ed l oop. The phase-look ed loop is a phase feedback system. It mainly consists of a VCO, loop filter (LF), and a phase comparator (PC). Through the phase comparator , the output frequenc y of VCO can accurately track the change of the input signal [10] [11]. In this design, the PLL frequenc y synthesizer w as emplo yed. The frequenc y synthesizer based on the ADF4350’ s inte grated PLL and the STM32F103C8 microcontroller are designed and implemented [12],[13]. The block diagram of the frequenc y synthesizer is illustrated in Fig. 4.                                                                                 R ef er e n ce   o s cillato r   R   D iv id er   P h ase  Dete cto r   C h ar g P u m p   L o o p   Fil ter   VC O   Div id er   VCO - P L L   C i r cui t   ( A DF 4 3 5 0 )   C o ntr o l a nd   Dis p la y   C i r cuit   ( STM 3 2 F 1 0 3 )   P o w er Sup p ly   Figure 4. The block diagram of the frequenc y synthesizer                   Figure 5. The horn antenna 2.2. The Hor n Antenna Horn antennas are one kind of aperture antennas as sho wn in Fig. 5, which pro vides the moderately high g ain compared to other antennas. The y are no w commonly used for man y applications including micro w a v e commu- nications, feeds for reflector antennas and radar elements. Horn antennas pro vide high g ain, lo w VSWR, relati v ely wide bandwidth and high po wer handling properties. Recently , man y techniques ha v e been proposed for wideband planar monopole antennas such as notches, be v eling, lumped circuit, and v arious shapes. In this design, we ha v e applied the be v eling technique to control the impedance bandwidth and increase the bandwidth with good control of the edge frequenc y . A Status Data T r ansmitting System ... (The Anh Nguyen Dinh) Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
920 ISSN: 2088-8708 3. MEASUREMENT RESUL TS 3.1. The Fr equency Synthesizer In order to v alidate the performance of the frequenc y synthesizer , a prototype w as f abricated as sho wn in Fig. 6. The control and display circuit w as f abricated on tw o-layer FR4 material with the dimension of 7 cm 14 cm. The PLL with inte grated VCO w as f abricated on multi-layer s board technology with a small dimension of 5.5 cm 6 cm while the output impedance is matched o v er the wide frequenc y band. In total, the designed frequenc y synthesizer has a dimension of 9 cm 16cm 3.5 cm. The proposed frequenc y synthesizer w as measured using a                 Figure 6. The f abricated frequenc y synthesizer Rohde & Schw arz spectrum analyzer . Fig. 7 sho ws the measured output po wer of the proposed synthesizer . As can be seen in the figure, the output po wer is from -6 dBm to -3 dBm o v er a wide frequenc y range. The operational frequenc y can be fle xibly changed from 600 MHz to 4.2 GHz. W ith the proposed design, the frequenc y stability o v er temperature and frequenc y tolerance are comparable to TCXO that are +/- 2.5 ppm and +/- 3 ppm, respecti v ely . Fig. 8 sho ws the phase noise performance which is less than -90 dBc/Hz at 1 KHz and -100 dBc/Hz at 100 KHz. T able 1 summarizes the performance of the proposed frequenc y synthesizer and compares it to other published designs operating in a similar frequenc y range. Figure 7. The measured output po wer of the proposed synthesizer 3.2. The Hor n Antenna All designs and simulations of the horn antenna were carried out using CST Micro w a v e Studio. After opti- mizing, a prototype antenna w as f abricated as sho wn in Fi g . 9. It is then measured by using the V ector Netw ork An- alyzer (VN A) and NSI 2000 Near -field System. Fig. 10 illustrates the feed probes of the horn antenna. A monopole (a) is chosen for horn antennas. In this design, the be v eling technique (b,c) is used to impro v e the bandwidth of the antenna. The edge frequencies can be controlled by be v eling all sides of the feed probe (d1,d2,l1,l2,b1,b2). Fig. 11 IJECE V ol. 8, No. 2, April 2018: 917 925 Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IJECE ISSN: 2088-8708 921 1 k 1 0 k 1 0 0 k 1 M 1 0 M - 1 6 0 - 1 5 0 - 1 4 0 - 1 3 0 - 1 2 0 - 1 1 0 - 1 0 0 - 9 0 - 8 0 P h a s e   N o i s e   ( d B c / H z ) F r e q u e n c y   ( H z )   m e a s u r e m e n t   S i m u l a t i o n Figure 8. The measured and simulated phase noise of the proposed sysnthesizer T able 1. Comparison with the recent published w orks References Frequenc y (MHz) Phase noise (dBc/Hz) Ref. [14] 3385-3457 better than -80 at 20 KHz Ref. [15] 800-4000 - Ref. [16] 137.5-4400 -90 at 100 KHz Ref. [17] 210-4400 better than -80 at 1 KHz This w ork 600-4200 -90 at 1 KHz, -100 at 20 KHz, -110 at 100 KHz sho ws the simulated input return loss of the horn antenna in three cases. In the first case, the feed probe is a monopole as illustrated in Fig. 10a. The bandwidth of the antenna is about 500 MHz. In the second case, when the feed probe is be v eled as depicted in Fig. 10b, the bandwidth is e xtended from 500 MHz to 1000 MHz. In the third case, the bandwidth is increased from 1000 MHz to 1200 Mhz when the feed probe as sho wn in Fig. 10c is used. The designed antenna can operate at both L band and S band. Fig. 12 plots the measured and simulated input return loss of the designed antenna. As can be seen, the measured result sho ws a good agreement with the simulated one. The g ain of the antenna is sho wn in Fig. 13. It archi v es a maximal g ain of 17.5 dBi at 2.8 GHz. Fig. 14 and Fig. 15 sho w the radiation pattern and beamwidth of the designed antenna with v ery lo w sidelobes. T able 2. Dimensions of the proposed antenna P arameters V alue (mm) L 385 W 290 H 398                   Figure 9. Measuring the antenna with NSI 2000 Near Field System A Status Data T r ansmitting System ... (The Anh Nguyen Dinh) Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
922 ISSN: 2088-8708                   Figure 10. Feed probes of the horn antenna 1 . 0 1 . 5 2 . 0 2 . 5 3 . 0 3 . 5 - 4 5 - 4 0 - 3 5 - 3 0 - 2 5 - 2 0 - 1 5 - 1 0 - 5 0 5     S 1 1   ( d B ) F r e q u e n c y   ( G H z )   W i t h   b e v e l i n g 2   W i t h o u t   b e v e l l i n g   W i t h   B e v e l l i n g   1 5 0 0 M H z 1 0 0 0 M H z 1 2 0 0 M H z Figure 11. Bandwidth impro v ement by using be v elling technique 1 . 0 1 . 5 2 . 0 2 . 5 3 . 0 3 . 5 - 3 5 - 3 0 - 2 5 - 2 0 - 1 5 - 1 0 - 5 0     S 1 1   ( d B ) F r e q u e n c y   ( G H z )   M e a s u r e m e n t   S i m u l a t i o n Figure 12. The measured and simulated input return loss of the designed horn antenna 1 . 4 1 . 6 1 . 8 2 . 0 2 . 2 2 . 4 2 . 6 2 . 8 3 . 0 3 . 2 0 2 4 6 8 1 0 1 2 1 4 1 6 1 8     G a i n   ( d B ) F r e q u e n c y   ( G H z )   G a i n Figure 13. The measured g ain of the designed horn antenna 3.3. The Pr oposed System The information of v ehicles is displayed on computers’ screen by using our softw are. This helps the o wners monitor the information and the state of the v essels as well as increase t he safety on the sea. The proposed system w as tested in a small area within a radius of 2 km . The result is illustrated in Fig. 16, 17. Our softw are uses the IJECE V ol. 8, No. 2, April 2018: 917 925 Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IJECE ISSN: 2088-8708 923               Figure 14. The measured radiation pattern of the designed horn antenna             Figure 15. The measured beamwidth of the designed horn antenna                         Figure 16. An e xample for tracking the signs of one v ehicle of fline Google map, which helps the u s ers determine the direction of mo v ement. The red line is the route of one tar get. Beside the digital map, the softw are is capable of tracking and displaying the position of the v essels on XY axis coordinates, and calculating the distanc e from the v essels to the Continent. In case of danger , the control station in the Continent will recei v e the ur gent message (SOS) and determine e xactly the coordinates of the v essels at that time. After that, the y will cooperate with other systems to rescue quickly and sensibly . 4. CONCLUSION In this paper , the status data transmitting system suitable for v essel monitoring has been presented. The proposed frequenc y synthesizer can fle xibly change the frequenc y in a wide range (from 600 MHz to 4.2 GHz) and the output po wer (from -6 dBm to -3 dBm). By using the phase-lock ed loop, the synthesizer’ s stability o v er A Status Data T r ansmitting System ... (The Anh Nguyen Dinh) Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
924 ISSN: 2088-8708                     Figure 17. Displaying in XY axis coordinates temperature and tolerance are comparable to TCXO that is about +/- 3 ppm. Moreo v er , phase noise performance of the synthesizer is less than -90 dBc/Hz at 1 KHz and -100 dBc/Hz at 100 KHz. The impedance bandwidth of the horn antenna can be controlled by using the be v eling technique. The status data module packs information of the identification, longitude, latitude, and state of the v essel into data frames. FSK/MSK/GM SK schemes were use d to modulate the data. The po wer amplifier pro vides 130 W output po wer at S band. The fundamental characteristics of the implemented transmitter ha v e been measured and v ertified. By changing the parameters automatically , the status data transmitting system is able to communicate with both satellites and stations, solving the communication distance issue. A CKNO WLEDGEMENT This research is granted by V ietnam Space Science and T echnology Program through the national projects titled ”Research, Design, Inte grate, Launch and Operate a Nano Satellite - VT -CN.02/17-20”. REFERENCES [1] Shwu-Jing Chang, ”V essel Identification and Monitoring Systems for Maritime Security , IEEE 37th Annual International Carnahan Conference on Security T echnology , pp. 66-70, October 2003. [2] ”T echnical characteristic for an automatic identification system using time di vision multiple access in the VHF maritime mobile band, recommendation ITU-R M.1371-5 . [3] ”Satellite detection of automatic identification system messages, Report ITU-R M.2084 . [4] ”Satellite AIS, An e xactEarth T echnical White P aper , April 2015. [5] Nguyen Dinh The Anh, Le Xuan Huy , V u T uan Anh and Bach Gia Duong, ”Research, Design and F abrication of a Data T ranscei v er Module for V essel Monitoring Systems, The 2016 International Conference on Adv anced T echnologies for Communications (A TC16) , pp. 524-529, October 2016. [6] The Anh Nguyen Dinh, Giang Bach Hoang, T uan Anh V u and Duong Bach Gia, ”A Solution to Enhance the Ef ficienc y of the High Po wer S Band LDMOS Amplifier for Micro w a v e Po wer T ransmission and W ireless Communication, The V ietnam-Japan Micro w a v e W orkshop (VJMW2015) , 2015. [7] Giang Bach Hoang, The Anh Nguyen Dinh, T uan Anh V u, Duong Bach Gia ”Research, Design and F abrication of a 2.4 GHz 130 W Po wer Amplifier Module for Free-Space Ener gy-T ransmission Systems”, The 5th Interna- tional Conference on Inte grated Circuits, design, and V erification (ICD V 2014) , pp. 164-169, No v ember 2014. [8] Zhu Chunhua, Y ang Jing, W ang Shuili, ”K e y Inde x Analysis of PLL Frequenc y Synthesizer with High Resolu- tion”, V ideo engineering , v ol. 37, pp. 98-100, No v ember 2013. [9] Song Qingping, Qi Jianzhong, ”ADF4350-Based Frequenc y Modulation T ransmitter Design, IEEE Conference Publications , pp. 1-3, No v ember 2014. [10] Akihiro Kajiw ara, Masa o Nakag a w a, ”A Ne w PLL Frequenc y Synthesizer with High Switching Speed, IEEE T ransl. J. V ehicular T echnology , v ol. 41, pp. 407-413, No v ember 1992. [11] Muhammad Kashif, Zahid Y aqoob Malik, Mubashar Y asin, Muhammad Imran Na w az, K-Band PLL Based Frequyenc y Synthesizer , Proceedings of 6th International Bhurban Conference on Applied S ciences and T ech- nology , v ol. 2, pp. 136-139, 2009. [12] Analog De vices, ”ADF4350 Datasheet, 2017. [13] STMicroelectronics, ”STM32F103xx Datasheet, 2007. [14] Cao hui, Qu Y u, ”A miniaturized frequenc y synt h e sizer system design based on ADF4350, The 2016 IEEE IJECE V ol. 8, No. 2, April 2018: 917 925 Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IJECE ISSN: 2088-8708 925 International Conference on Signal Processing, Communications and Computing (ICSPCC) , 5-8 August 2016. [15] Hui Xu, Liang Peng, ”DDesign of Ultra-broadband micro w a v e sources based on ADF4350, The 2010 2nd International Conference on Adv anced Computer Control (ICA CC) , 27-29 March 2010. [16] Song Qingping, Qi Jianzhong, ”ADF4350-based Frequenc y Modulation transmitter design, The 2014 Interna- tional Conference on Cyberspace T echnology (CCT 2014) , 8-10 No v ember 2014. [17] Lin W ang, Y uanw ang Y ang, Jiangyue Cai and Gang Liu, ”A wide frequenc y co v erage synthesizer with high performance for 3MHz-5GHz transcei v er , The 2013 International Conference on Information Science and T ech- nology (ICIST) , 23-25 March 2013. BIOGRAPHIES OF A UTHORS The Anh Nguy en Dinh recei v ed the B.S De gree and M.Sc De gree in Electronics and T elecommu- nications T echnology from Uni v ersity of Engineering and T echnology , V ietnam National Uni v ersity in 2009 and 2011, respecti v ely . From 2012 to 2015, he w as a researcher in Com munications and T ele vision De v elopment., JSC. Since 2016, he has been a researcher in V ietnam National Space Center , V ietnam Academy of Science and T echnology . No w , he is a Ph.D student in VNU Uni- v ersity of Engineering and T echnology . His researches are in fie lds of micro w a v e engineering, communications in satellites, ground station and radio systems. Huy Le Xuan recei v ed Ph.D. De gree in Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering from T ok yo Insti- tute of T echnology in 2014. He has been w orking for VNSC since 2011 at Space Systems Design Department. His research interests are small Earth observ ation satellites de v elopment, system en- gineering, satellite attitude determination and control, optimal es timation of dynamics systems. Currently , he is technical and process monitoring for both NanoDragon (4kg) and MicroDragon (50kg) satellit e projects in VNSC. He is also the head of Space Systems Design Department in VNSC. In v olv ed projects: PicoDragon - 1kg satellite, Tsubame - 50kg satellite of T ok yo Institute of T echnology T uan Anh V u recei v ed the B.S De gree and M.Sc De gree in Electronics and T elecommunications T echnology from Uni v ersity of Engineering and T echnology , V ietnam National Uni v ersity in 2006 and 2009, respecti v ely . In 2013, he recei v ed Ph.D De gree in the field of analog/mix ed-signal RF nano electronics from Uni v ersity of Oslo, Norw ay . Since 2014, he has been a lecturer at F aculty of Electronics and T elecommunications, VNU Uni v ersity of Engineering and T echnology . Dr . T uan Anh V u w as with Department of Semiconductor Electronics and Inte gration Science, Hiroshima Uni v ersity as a postdoctoral researcher for one year . He is no w doing postdoc at Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Uni v ersity of California, Da vis. His research intere sts are analog RF inte grated circuit designs, ener gy harv esting, micro w a v e engineering, etc. Duong Bach Gia w as born in Ha Dong Dist, Ha Noi Pro vince, V iet Nam in 1950. He recei v ed the B.S de gree in radio ph ysics in 1972 and the Ph.D de gree in wireless ph ysics from Uni v ersity of HaNoi in 1988. From 1988 to 1990, he w as a researcher assisstant in Leningrad Uni v ersity , Russia. From 1991 to 2005, he w as a researcher in academy of air force. He has been a lecturer and head of electronics and telecommunications cent er , Uni v ersity of Engineering and T echnology , V ietnam National Uni v ersity since 2006. He w as promoted to Associate Professor in 2009 and to Professor in 2016. His research forcuses on RF analog sing al processing, RF chip design, radar engineering and technology , automatic control. Email: duongbg@vnu.edu.vn A Status Data T r ansmitting System ... (The Anh Nguyen Dinh) Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.