Internati
o
nal
Journal of Ele
c
trical
and Computer
Engineering
(IJE
CE)
Vol
.
3,
N
o
.
1
,
F
e
br
uary
2
0
1
3
,
pp
. 15~
2
0
I
S
SN
: 208
8-8
7
0
8
15
Jo
urn
a
l
h
o
me
pa
ge
: h
ttp
://iaesjo
u
r
na
l.com/
o
n
lin
e/ind
e
x.ph
p
/
IJECE
Aligner Tones Software Impr
ove Measurement Precision
In The Process of Balinese Gamelan
Sud
arma, Made
1
, Ariya
n
i,
Sri
2
, Adi
putr
a
, N
y
oman
3
1
Computer S
y
stem and Informatics, De
p
a
rtment o
f
Electr
i
cal
Engineering
,
Uday
an
a University
, Bali, Indon
esia
2
Ap
pl
i
e
d El
ect
ro
ni
cs
, Depar
t
ment of
Electrical
Engineering,
Ud
ay
ana University, Bali, Indon
esia
3
Depa
rt
m
e
nt
of
Phy
s
i
o
l
o
gy
, F
acul
t
y
of
M
e
di
ci
ne,
Uday
a
n
a
Uni
v
ersi
t
y
, B
a
l
i
, I
n
d
o
n
esi
a
Article Info
A
B
STRAC
T
Article histo
r
y:
Received Sep 21, 2012
Rev
i
sed
No
v
29
, 20
12
Accepted Dec 23, 2012
In the making process of Balinese game
lan
,
the tone arrang
ement high
ly
depends on alig
ner sense and feeling
which generally
perfor
m
ed by
th
e
gam
e
lan’s
craf
t
s
m
a
n hims
elf. Each a
ligner has his way
of aligning with
differen
t
stand
a
r
d
of ton
e
.
Tunin
g
s process is sti
l
l
based
on th
e se
nsitivit
y
of
the
ear
and
the
f
eel
ings
of th
e g
a
m
e
lan cr
afts
m
e
n
s
o
tha
t
th
e pr
eci
s
i
on of ton
e
can not be a
c
hi
eved. Th
e unav
a
il
able
of a stan
dard measuring instruments
tone used in the tuning process lead
to th
e prod
uction process gamelan in
Bali takes
a lo
ng time.
To solve th
ese problems, a stud
y
conducted
b
y
utili
zing info
rm
ation t
echno
log
y
in
the
com
puter - software
engine
ering
approach
. Bes
i
d
e
s
,
to ant
i
cip
a
te
t
h
e lim
ita
tion of
hum
an res
ources
in the fie
l
d
of al
ignm
ent
an
d to m
a
in
tain
th
e cons
istency
of
the gamelan’s tone in
the
long period of time it is in need
for the touch o
f
information technolog
y
in
the form of software. Th
e software to an
aly
z
e the frequen
c
y
of
gamelan’s
base ton
e
in
ord
e
r to
get
th
e resu
lt of
the
tone
in
t
h
e strip
of gam
e
l
a
n which
is
m
eas
urable
and
in ac
cordan
ce w
ith th
e exp
ect
at
i
on. Th
e s
o
ftware
is
intend
ed
will be
abl
e
to
p
e
rform
the t
e
st t
one as desir
e
d b
y
the bu
ye
r.
Thu
s
the ton
e
of
the achiev
ements obtained qu
ickly
,
a
ccur
a
tely
correspond to the refer
e
nce
tone. It
als
o
m
eans
that the
program
contributed signif
i
cantly
to th
e
pres
ervat
i
on of
Balines
e cu
ltur
e
can b
e
don
e.
Keyword:
Fi
rst
key
w
o
r
d :
Software
Seco
nd
key
w
o
r
d:
Human tester
Thi
r
d key
w
or
d
:
Measuring ton
e
s
Fo
urt
h
key
w
or
d:
Gamelan tone
Fi
ft
h key
w
or
d
Copyright ©
201
3 Institut
e
o
f
Ad
vanced
Engin
eer
ing and S
c
i
e
nce.
All rights re
se
rve
d
.
Co
rresp
ond
i
ng
Autho
r
s:
M
a
de S
u
darm
a
Computer S
y
stem and Informatics, De
p
a
rtment o
f
Electr
i
cal
Engineering
Faculty
of Engin
eering
,
Uday
ana University
, Bukit Jimbaran
Campus, Bali, Indon
esia
Tel./Fax
: 62361
703315, e-mail:
sudarma@ee.un
ud.ac.id
1.
INTRODUCTION
The ar
ra
ngem
e
nt
o
f
gam
e
l
a
n’s t
one
d
o
es
not
have a
fi
x
and ce
rt
ai
n s
t
anda
rd
. The a
rra
ngem
e
nt
hi
g
h
l
y
de
pen
d
s
o
n
t
h
e al
i
gne
r’
s sense
an
d
fee
l
i
ng
wh
o
ge
ner
a
l
l
y
carri
ed
out
by
t
h
e c
r
aft
s
m
a
n
hi
m
s
el
f. Each
of
gam
e
lan crafts
man has
the
differe
nt
way of aligning
a
n
d each
has
the
certain t
one
standa
rd [2][18]. In
p
e
rform
i
n
g
h
i
s activ
ities, th
e
alig
n
e
r
h
a
s no
t
b
e
en
in
t
h
e
n
a
tu
ral m
a
n
n
e
r
po
sitio
n, so
th
at
h
i
gh
ly risk of
illn
ess
because of
work. The li
m
ita
t
i
on of the skillful aligne
rs al
so has an im
pact to the pr
oce
ss of the finishing
of
t
h
e B
a
l
i
’
s
gam
e
l
a
n [
1
1]
, [
1
2]
.
To produce a set of Balinese gam
e
la
n needs
approxim
ate
l
y 11 m
onths [8
], [13]. This is because the
p
r
o
cess of th
e
mak
i
n
g
or th
e
eq
u
i
p
m
en
t u
s
e is still trad
ition
a
l and th
e li
mita
tio
n
o
f
human
reso
urces in
the
tester field
to
d
e
term
in
e th
e
ad
ju
stm
e
n
t
o
f
b
a
sic to
n
e
of g
a
m
e
l
a
n. Thus
m
eans
the adjustm
e
nt
measurem
ent
t
ool
of
gam
e
l
a
n t
o
ne
w
h
i
c
h i
s
re
qui
re
d i
s
ve
r
y
im
port
a
nt
t
o
pre
p
are
.
Th
e wo
rk
ing
p
o
s
t
u
re
lik
e Fig
u
re 1
will
cau
se
t
o
raise v
a
ri
o
u
s
d
i
so
rders o
n
th
e
m
u
scu
l
o
s
k
e
letal
syste
m
[5
]. Th
e sittin
g
p
o
s
itio
n
in
long
ti
me with
u
n
-n
at
ural work
i
n
g
p
o
stu
r
e or b
e
n
d
i
n
g
cau
s
e d
i
so
rd
er on
th
e m
u
scu
l
o
s
keletal syste
m
a
n
d th
ere is
a
qu
ite m
u
ch
pr
es
sure
on the
dis
c
us i
n
terv
ertebralis so it can
cause
lo
w
b
a
ck
p
a
in
.
Th
is
work
ing
po
sture in lon
g
term
will cau
se
b
o
d
y
to b
e
nd
(k
ipo
s
is) [4
], [10
]
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
S
SN
:
2
088
-87
08
IJEC
E
V
o
l
.
3,
No
. 1,
Fe
br
uar
y
20
1
3
:
1
5
– 20
16
Fi
gu
re
1.
The
c
o
n
v
e
n
t
i
onal
t
o
ne asse
ssm
ent
pr
ocess
From
the de
sc
ription a
b
ove
it can be
stated that
t
h
e bi
g
g
est
p
r
obl
em
hap
p
e
n
on
t
h
e
ad
just
m
e
nt
p
r
o
cess, so
th
is p
r
o
cess m
e
d
s
to
h
a
v
e
p
r
i
o
rit
y
to
b
e
so
lv
ed
first. Altern
ati
v
e way to
so
l
v
e th
e p
r
o
b
l
em
i
n
th
is
p
r
o
cess is
b
y
u
s
ing
aid
t
o
o
l
so
th
e adju
stmen
t
th
at is done m
a
n
u
a
lly an
d
rep
eated
ly
will n
o
lon
g
e
r
hap
p
e
n
.
Mo
reo
v
e
r, m
o
re th
an
30
%
o
f
th
e sk
illfu
l
work
ers
who
still activ
ely work
i
n
g as th
e
g
a
m
e
lan
’
s align
e
rs are in
t
h
e age
of
6
0
y
ears an
d
ol
de
r
and
nea
r
l
y
90
% of t
h
e al
i
g
n
e
rs ha
vi
n
g
a
de
af i
n
one
or
b
o
t
h o
f
t
h
ei
r ea
rs,
t
h
at
i
s
t
h
e co
nd
uct
i
o
n
deaf a
nd se
ns
ori
n
eu
ral
dea
f
[1
5]
. The l
o
ss
of t
h
e
hea
r
i
n
g i
s
as t
h
e resul
t
of t
h
e
n
o
i
s
e ex
pos
u
r
e
whic
h takes pl
ace repeatedly
in the lo
ng period of tim
e.
This condition
will have a
n
i
m
pact to the tone
accuracy outc
om
e. Even,
w
ith the developm
ent of technol
ogy a
nd
globalization not
m
a
ny of the
young
gene
rat
i
o
n n
o
w
aday
s
wh
o w
a
nt
s t
o
i
n
vol
ve
as t
h
e gam
e
l
a
n cra
f
t
s
m
a
n especi
al
l
y
as t
h
e al
i
gner. T
h
i
s
i
s
very
worrying
t
o
the con
tin
u
a
ti
o
n
an
d su
stain
a
b
i
l
ity o
f
th
e av
ail
a
b
ility o
f
th
e B
a
li’s g
a
m
e
lan
in
th
e fu
ture.
To
an
ticip
ate th
e limitat
i
o
n
o
f
t
h
e
h
u
m
an
resources in th
e fiel
d
of ali
g
n
i
n
g
and
t
o
main
tain
th
e
con
s
i
s
t
e
ncy
o
f
t
h
e gam
e
l
a
n t
one i
n
t
h
e
l
o
ng
peri
od
of t
i
m
e
i
t
i
s
deem
ed ne
cessary
f
o
r t
h
e
t
ouc
h o
f
i
n
fo
r
m
at
i
on
techn
o
lo
gy
in the fo
rm
of software
. The s
o
ftware is
desi
gned as the s
o
ft
ware for analyzing the ba
sic tone
fre
que
ncy
of
gam
e
l
a
n wi
t
h
t
h
e f
unct
i
on a
s
t
h
e
gam
e
l
a
n
st
ri
p t
o
ne m
easurem
ent
wi
t
h
re
fere
nce t
o
t
h
e fi
x
refe
rence
to
ne.
Fi
gu
re
2 s
h
ow
s t
h
e
wo
r
k
p
r
o
cess o
f
s
o
ft
war
e
t
e
st
er, st
art
i
n
g f
r
o
m
t
h
e dat
a
so
urce
(i
n
p
u
t
)
co
nt
i
n
ue
d
t
o
t
h
e c
o
m
put
er an
d i
n
f
o
rm
at
i
on i
s
pr
oce
ssed
by
s
o
ft
w
a
re a
nd
ne
xt
t
h
e re
sul
t
(
o
ut
put
) i
n
t
h
e
fo
rm
o
f
i
n
f
o
rm
at
i
on ne
eded
by
t
h
e
u
s
er
[1
4]
.
Er
go
nom
i
c
i
n
t
e
rve
n
t
i
o
n
on
t
h
e
s
m
al
l
i
ndust
r
i
e
s
by
usi
n
g
er
g
o
nom
i
c
ch
air an
d
tab
l
e w
ill d
ecrease
w
o
rk
i
n
g
lo
ad
an
d
sub
j
ectiv
e co
m
p
lain
t, an
d
also
in
crease
w
o
rk
i
n
g
productiv
it
y
si
gni
fi
ca
nt
l
y
[1
]
,
[1
7]
. As
er
go
nom
i
c
im
pl
ement
a
t
i
on
o
n
t
h
e
sm
al
l
i
ndust
r
i
e
s, i
t
i
s
al
so d
o
n
e t
h
e
bet
t
e
rm
ent
o
f
work statio
n in th
is research
so
th
e work
i
n
g
p
o
s
t
u
re
of t
h
e t
e
ster is
becom
e
m
o
re natural.
Fi
gu
re
2.
Ass
e
ssm
ent
of t
h
e
t
one
by
usi
n
g
t
h
e so
ft
wa
re
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
J
ECE
I
S
SN
:
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8-8
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8
Title o
f
ma
nu
scrip
t
is sh
o
r
t
an
d clea
r, imp
lies resea
r
ch resu
lts (First Au
tho
r
)
17
B
a
sed o
n
t
h
e p
r
o
b
l
e
m
m
e
nt
i
oned a
b
o
v
e, t
o
achi
e
ve t
h
e expected
res
u
lt then
softwa
re is designe
d
t
o
m
easure t
h
e t
o
ne as t
h
e su
bst
i
t
u
t
i
on
of
t
h
e al
i
gni
n
g
se
nse
o
f
heari
n
g
i
n
ass
e
ssi
ng t
h
e st
ri
p
t
one
w
h
i
c
h l
e
a
d
s t
o
th
e
ch
an
g
e
o
f
work
attitu
d
e
. Th
e
obj
ectiv
e o
f
th
e research
is to
fin
d
o
u
t
th
e in
creasing
perfo
r
m
a
n
ce o
f
Bali’s
gam
e
l
a
n t
one a
l
i
gnm
ent
aft
e
r
usi
n
g t
h
e s
o
ft
w
a
re
desi
g
n
.
2.
R
E
SEARC
H M
ETHOD
The re
searc
h
i
s
the experim
e
ntal researc
h
by usin
g t
h
e sa
m
e
sub
j
ect
des
i
gn
whi
c
h can
be see
n
at
Fi
gu
re 3.
Fi
gu
re
3.
The
R
e
search
Desi
gn
[
3
]
Descripti
o
n:
P :
Population
(the
align
e
rs who ar
e
included
in
the inclusion
criteria)
.
R :
Random Sampling with simple r
a
ndom method.
S :
Sample (who ar
e chosen
to b
e
the
research sample after r
a
ndom sampling).
O1 :
Sample observation prior
to
work at first period
.
O2
:
Sam
p
le observa
tion
after
work
at f
i
rst p
e
riod
t
o
the
tim
e
for
aligning
,
ac
cura
c
y
, sa
tisfa
ction
,
and work
productivity
.
(-) :
Without softwar
e
design
samples
are work
ing with work
conditio
n
availab
l
e to
date.
(P)
:
With software
design and wo
r
k
s
t
ation r
e
des
i
g
n
. S
a
m
p
les
ar
e
working with t
h
e s
o
ftware
. M
eas
urem
en
t
conducted 3
days consecutively
.
WOP
:
Washing Out Period to
clear
up r
e
sidual eff
ect given
for 3
day
s
p
e
riod, where
the work process between
(-)
and (P) is
the s
a
m
e
, th
at
is in
t
h
e m
o
rning, so
th
at ps
y
c
hologically
the work
environment will be similar
between th
e first period and the second period
. Th
e selec
tion of 3
day
s
WOP is based on the consideration to
give enough adaption
t
i
m
e
in
add
ition to clear
up
residual
eff
ect
.
O3 :
Sample observation prior
to
work at second
per
i
od
.
O4
:
Sample observation after work
at second p
e
riod
to the work
time for
aligning
, accuracy
, satisfaction,
and
work productiv
ity
.
The researc
h
pr
ot
oc
ol
wi
t
h
t
h
e
p
r
oc
ed
ure
i
s
as
f
o
l
l
o
ws:
St
age 1 –
al
i
g
ni
n
g
pr
ocess p
r
i
o
r
t
o
use
soft
ware
. T
h
e
aligner works
with the c
o
nve
n
tional
m
a
nne
r and
determ
ine the t
one
accuracy with t
h
e
hearing
sen
s
e
with
th
e
p
r
o
cess as
fo
llo
ws:
(a)
fill in
th
e in
itial
m
e
a
s
u
r
em
en
t; (b
)
co
ndu
ct th
e ton
e
assessm
en
t o
n
t
h
e
g
a
m
e
lan
’
s strip
wh
ich
will b
e
alig
n
e
d
u
s
ing th
e h
eari
n
g
sen
s
e and
co
nv
en
tio
n
a
l
work
man
n
e
r; (c) to
co
ndu
ct
th
e ton
e
an
d time reco
rd
ing
ev
ery assessm
e
n
t stag
e
un
til th
e align
e
r
g
e
ttin
g th
e t
o
n
e
h
e
wish
es;
(d) t
o
co
ndu
ct
the recordi
ng
of fre
quency attainm
e
nt
each s
t
age of the tone assessm
ent
to fi
nd out the level of tone ac
curacy
that assessed
with the ear s
e
nsitivity
; (e) fill in the ques
tionnai
r
e form
aligner’s satisfaction
que
stionnai
r
e.
Was
h
i
n
g O
u
t
Peri
o
d
i
s
pr
o
v
i
ded
fo
r
one
week
pe
ri
o
d
i
n
cl
u
d
i
n
g t
h
e
t
i
m
e for e
q
ui
p
m
ent
usage
ad
apt
a
t
i
on,
so
ft
ware. In
this p
e
riod
it is
p
r
ov
id
ed
with
assistan
t
i
n
t
h
e pr
ocess o
f
t
ool
’s o
p
erat
i
o
n. St
age
2 – a
l
i
gni
n
g
pr
ocess
wi
t
h
s
o
ft
ware a
nd t
h
e t
one acc
urac
y
m
easured
by
soft
ware
, wi
t
h
t
h
e p
r
ose
pe
rf
orm
e
d as f
o
l
l
o
ws:
(a
)
fill in
th
e in
iti
al
m
easu
r
em
en
t fo
rm
; (b
) to
co
ndu
ct th
e ton
e
assessm
en
t o
n
t
h
e g
a
m
e
la
n
’
s stri
p
th
at
will b
e
alig
n
e
d u
s
i
n
g
so
ft
ware; (c) to
co
ndu
ct th
e ton
e
and
tim
e reco
rd
ing
ev
ery l
e
v
e
l of assessmen
t
u
n
til th
e
alig
n
e
r
g
e
ttin
g th
e
d
e
sired
t
o
n
e
;
(d
) to
co
ndu
ct th
e reco
rd
ing
of freq
u
e
n
c
y attainmen
t
ev
ery
stag
e
o
f
ton
e
assessm
en
t
to find out the
level of tone accuracy
that assessed by soft
ware; (e
) fill in
the level of questionnaire form and
th
e alig
ner’s satisfactio
n
qu
estio
nn
aire.
3.
R
E
SU
LTS AN
D ANA
LY
SIS
C
o
m
put
er s
o
ft
ware i
s
t
h
e
pr
og
ram
used t
o
m
a
t
c
h t
h
e
ga
m
e
l
a
n’s i
n
st
r
u
m
e
nt
t
one
use
d
as t
h
e t
e
st
ed
t
one wi
t
h
ga
m
e
l
a
n’s i
n
st
ru
m
e
nt
t
one t
h
at
used as t
h
e basi
c refe
renc
e. The p
r
o
g
ra
m
consi
s
t
s
of
severa
l
fun
c
tion
s
packed
in
sev
e
ral mo
du
les to
g
e
t t
h
e m
a
tch
i
n
g
ou
tco
m
e. Th
e
data an
alysis con
d
u
c
ted b
y
th
e way as
fo
llows: (a)
d
e
scrip
tiv
e an
alysis; (b) norm
a
l
ity test
b
y
u
s
in
g Sh
ap
iro-W
i
lk
test; (c) accu
r
acy,
produ
ctiv
ity,
sat
i
s
fact
i
on
w
e
re anal
y
zed
usi
n
g t
-
pai
r
e
d
t
e
st
. Dat
a
i
s
pr
ocesse
d u
s
i
n
g SP
SS f
o
r
W
i
n
d
o
w
s
vers
i
on
16
.0
pr
o
g
ram
.
WOP
R
S
P
O4
(P
)
O1
O2
(-
)
O3
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
S
SN
:
2
088
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08
IJEC
E
V
o
l
.
3,
No
. 1,
Fe
br
uar
y
20
1
3
:
1
5
– 20
18
3.
1.
T
o
nes Ac
curac
y
The assessm
ent accuracy of gam
e
lan’s tone aligner is
the
level of res
u
lt
proxim
i
ty achieved to t
h
e
to
n
e
s wh
ich
the q
u
a
lity is ass
e
ssed
or cou
n
t
ed
. Thu
s
th
e ou
tpu
t
fro
m
th
e
alig
n
e
r is co
mp
atib
le with
the d
e
g
r
ee
of t
r
ut
h t
h
at
e
xpect
e
d
. B
a
se
d
on t
h
e re
sul
t
of t
h
e st
u
d
y
it is fo
und
ou
t that th
e av
erage
of acc
uracy level at
first pe
riod is
94.60 +
0.83%
and the a
v
era
g
e at sec
o
nd
p
e
ri
o
d
i
s
9
7
.
9
3
+ 0.
96
%. T
h
e
m
eani
ng a
n
al
y
s
i
s
wi
t
h
t
-
pai
r
e
d
t
e
st
s
h
o
w
s
t
h
at
bot
h
gr
o
ups
aft
e
r t
r
eat
m
e
nt
, t
h
e a
v
era
g
e
o
f
t
h
e t
one
acc
uracy
l
e
vel
di
ffe
rs
si
gni
fi
ca
nt
l
y
(p < 0.0
5
)
. T
a
bl
e 1 bel
l
o
w i
s
sho
w
s t
h
e res
u
l
t
com
p
ari
s
ons bet
w
een acc
urac
y
,
wor
k
p
r
od
u
c
tiv
ity, an
d satisfaction
.
The i
n
creasi
n
g of the
accurac
y
level by
4.26% after
usi
n
g
com
puter s
o
ft
ware
is due t
o
whe
n
i
n
the
pr
ocess
of
refe
rence t
o
ne al
i
g
nm
ent
t
h
e frequency is alrea
dy known, s
o
that
easily
to bri
ng cl
oser t
h
e aligne
d
st
ri
p
fre
que
ncy
wi
t
h
refe
re
nce
t
one
f
r
eq
ue
nc
y
.
Tabl
e
1. T
h
e
C
o
m
p
ari
s
on
o
f
t
h
e
A
ccuracy,
Work
Produ
ctiv
ity an
d Satisfactio
n
Between
Fi
rst Period
an
d
Second Pe
riod
Varia
b
el
Per
i
od
p
Period I
Perio
d
II
The acc
uracy (%)
Work
p
r
o
d
u
c
tiv
ity (b
ars /
b
e
ats)
Satisfactio
n (sco
re)
94
,6
0
0,83
0,
38
2
0,034
16
,8
7
1,06
97
,9
3
0,96
0,
54
3
0,052
23
,4
0
0,91
0,
00
1
0,
00
1
0,
00
1
Figure 4.
The
Accuracy between
Fi
rst Pe
riod a
n
d Sec
o
nd
Period
3.
2.
W
o
rk Pr
oduc
ti
vi
t
y
The
pr
o
duct
i
vi
t
y
basi
cal
l
y
i
s
t
h
e
out
c
o
m
e
fr
om
al
l
t
h
e act
i
v
i
t
y
com
ponent
s
.
I
n
t
h
i
s
researc
h
t
h
e
pr
o
duct
i
v
i
t
y
i
s
co
unt
e
d
base
d
on
t
h
e am
ou
nt
o
f
st
ri
ps t
h
a
t
can
be al
i
g
n
e
d i
n
o
n
e
w
o
r
k
i
n
g
ho
ur
di
vi
ded
by
work
i
n
g
p
u
l
ses m
u
ltip
lied
b
y
1
work
ing
h
our. Based
on
t
h
is stud
y it is fou
n
d
ou
t th
at t
h
e av
erag
e
o
f
wo
rk
ing
p
r
od
u
c
tiv
ity at f
i
r
s
t
p
e
r
i
od
is 0
.
3
8
2
+
0
.
03
4 str
i
p
/
pu
lse an
d
t
h
e av
er
ag
e at secon
d
p
e
r
i
o
d
is
0
.
54
3 +
0
.
052
strip
/
pu
lse. The m
ean
in
g
an
alysis with
t-p
a
ired
test sh
ow
s th
at bo
th gro
ups af
ter
tr
e
a
t
me
n
t
,
th
e av
e
r
ag
e of
the
p
r
od
u
c
tiv
ity d
i
ffers sign
ificantly (p
< 0
.
05
). Fu
rt
h
e
r it is
fou
n
d
ou
t th
at there is th
e in
creasin
g
o
f
p
r
o
ductiv
ity
by
2
9
.
6
3%.
Th
e i
n
creasi
n
g
of
w
o
r
k
er
’s
p
r
o
d
u
ct
i
v
i
t
y
an
d s
u
pp
ressi
ng
t
h
e
h
i
gh c
o
st
i
s
o
n
e
of
t
h
e a
d
vance
st
eps
to
win
t
h
e g
l
ob
al co
m
p
etitio
n
su
ch
as to
m
a
k
e
u
s
e
of th
e
h
u
m
an
reso
urces an
d
sup
p
ress all k
i
n
d
o
f
costs b
u
t
increase the optim
a
l
production
output.
Suppress t
h
e c
o
st as sm
a
ll as poss
i
ble suc
h
as the cost re
qui
red to pa
y
the health
benefits and sic
k
ness re
ha
bilitati
on
due to working, accide
nt
and i
n
jury.
This can
be done by
devel
opi
ng
t
h
e
w
o
r
k
i
n
g c
o
n
d
i
t
i
on an
d e
n
vi
r
onm
ent
t
h
at
i
s
heal
t
h
y
,
safe,
and
com
f
ort
a
b
l
e. I
n
ot
her
w
o
rds
i
s
that by im
ple
m
enting work
effective
n
ess s
u
ch a
s
sel
ecting
and
tran
sferrin
g
th
e techn
o
lo
g
y
wh
ich is h
i
gh
ly
efficient.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
J
ECE
I
S
SN
:
208
8-8
7
0
8
Title o
f
ma
nu
scrip
t
is sh
o
r
t
an
d clea
r, imp
lies resea
r
ch resu
lts (First Au
tho
r
)
19
Fi
gu
re
5.
The
wo
rk
p
r
od
uct
i
v
i
t
y
bet
w
een
Fi
r
s
t
Peri
o
d
a
n
d
Seco
nd
Pe
ri
o
d
Tech
nol
ogy
a
dva
ncem
ent
i
s
one
of t
h
e f
act
ors t
h
at
de
t
e
rm
i
n
e wo
rk
pr
od
uct
i
v
i
t
y
si
nce i
t
wi
l
l
si
m
p
lify th
e wo
rk
ers in
m
a
k
i
n
g
th
e pro
p
e
r g
ood
s or serv
i
ces. Th
e resu
lt o
f
th
e stu
d
y
is in
lin
e with
th
e resu
lt
who
stated that
the
usa
g
e
of the chair and worki
n
g tabl
e t
h
at co
m
p
atib
le wi
th
th
e wo
rk
ers’ an
thro
po
m
e
try can
i
n
crease t
h
e
w
o
r
k
p
r
od
uct
i
v
i
t
y
by
16.
8
7
% (
p
< 0.
0
5
)
fo
r t
h
e Pal
i
m
anan’
s
roc
k
r
o
ost
e
r
scul
pt
ures at
M
a
hk
ot
a
cor
p
orat
i
o
n B
a
l
i
[16]
. S
o
i
s
t
h
e researc
h
al
so
st
at
ed t
h
at
t
h
e
devel
opm
ent
o
f
chai
r
di
m
e
nsi
on a
n
d t
h
e
hei
ght
of
suitable
worki
n
g space
with the anthr
opometry of
brick m
a
kers can i
n
cr
ease the
work
productivit
y of t
h
e
bri
c
k m
a
kers
b
y
16
7.
2
5
%
[7]
.
3.
3.
S
a
ti
s
f
ac
ti
on
The
i
n
crease
of satisfaction
score
by 27.91% due t
o
t
h
e tim
e need
ed is s
h
orter t
h
an previ
o
us
worki
n
g tim
e,
the level
of acc
uracy als
o
increasing, s
o
is t
h
e work e
ffectiveness al
so
im
p
r
ov
e t
h
e satisfactio
n
for th
e alig
n
e
rs. Basically th
e assessm
en
t s
a
tisfactio
n
is th
e in
d
i
v
i
du
al th
ing
.
Bu
t in
this case th
e so
ft
ware is
b
u
ilt b
a
sed
on th
e ru
les
o
r
criteria in
th
e Bali’s g
a
m
e
l
a
n
ton
e
s. Th
e d
e
gree of sat
i
sfactio
n
toward
s t
h
e
assessm
ent
of a gam
e
l
a
n ali
gni
n
g
i
s
not
i
n
di
vi
d
u
al
by
nat
u
r
e
anym
ore b
u
t
al
ready
i
n
t
h
e f
r
am
e of refere
nce i
n
t
h
e gam
e
l
a
n’s t
one
s
pi
t
c
h.
Th
is
research
i
s
supp
orted b
y
th
e
resu
lt o
f
stu
d
y
who
stated that
there
wa
s an inform
ation
syste
m
q
u
a
lity i
m
p
act
to
th
e satisfactio
n
o
f
th
e acco
un
ting
so
ftware en
d
u
s
ers sig
n
i
fican
tly [1
9
]
. Di
ffer from th
e
resul
t
of st
udy
by
w
h
o st
at
ed t
h
at
t
h
e
o
r
g
a
ni
zat
i
on
co
mmit
m
en
t, in
teractio
n
an
d
m
o
tiv
atio
n
tog
e
ther wi
t
h
p
r
o
f
ession
al co
mmit
m
en
t in
teractio
n and
m
o
t
i
v
a
tio
n
i
n
div
i
d
u
a
lly
o
r
co
llectiv
ely d
i
d no
t hav
e
th
e
i
m
p
act
sig
n
i
fican
tly with
th
e
work
satisfac
t
i
on at
t
h
e O
ffi
ce
of
Jak
a
rt
a A
u
di
t
Int
e
rnal
E
d
ucat
i
o
n
Fo
un
dat
i
o
n
[2
0
]
.
Satisfactio
n
is
also
affectin
g
t
h
e p
e
rsisten
ce
o
f
a
lign
e
rs in
d
o
i
n
g
t
h
eir act
iv
ities. Th
e alig
n
e
rs
with
h
i
gh
satisfaction
tend
to
work with
h
i
g
h
sp
irit. Th
e qu
ality o
f
work
and
the o
u
t
co
m
e
th
at
can
b
e
ach
i
eved
by
th
e
satisfied p
e
o
p
l
e w
ith
th
eir w
o
rk
i
n
g
o
u
t
comes
w
ill
create
th
e satisfaction
also
to th
e user
o
f
th
e
product, in
th
is case is Bal
i
’s g
a
m
e
lan
set
.
Wo
rk
satisfactio
n
is
th
e w
i
sh o
f
ev
erybod
y.
So
m
e
o
n
e
who
satisfied
w
ill cau
se
b
e
tter h
ealt
h
co
m
p
ared
to th
e d
i
sappo
in
ted
p
e
op
le [9
]. Sa
t
i
sfactio
n
also
related
with
t
h
e feelin
g of safety an
d
com
f
ort.
Figure
6.
The
s
a
tisfacton
bet
w
een Fi
rst Pe
riod a
n
d Sec
o
nd
Period
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
S
SN
:
2
088
-87
08
IJEC
E
V
o
l
.
3,
No
. 1,
Fe
br
uar
y
20
1
3
:
1
5
– 20
20
4.
CO
NCL
USI
O
N
B
a
sed
on
t
h
e
resul
t
a
n
d
di
scussi
o
n
m
e
nt
i
one
d
ab
o
v
e, s
o
i
t
ca
n
be c
o
ncl
u
ded
t
h
at
a
l
i
gner
t
o
ne
s
soft
ware m
easurem
ent precis
i
on i
n
the alignm
ent tone
s
pr
o
cess thr
oug
h: th
e i
m
p
r
ov
emen
t o
f
assessmen
t
accuracy
of Ba
li’s gam
e
lan aligne
rs; the im
provem
ent of
work productivity of Ba
li’s
gam
e
lan aligners; and
th
e im
p
r
o
v
e
m
e
n
t
of assessm
e
n
t satisfaction
o
f
Bali’s g
a
m
e
lan
alig
ners
ACKNOWLE
DGE
M
ENTS
A great
a
p
pre
c
i
a
t
i
on goes
t
o
pr
om
ot
er,
c
o
-
p
r
o
m
o
t
o
r
a
n
d
e
v
ery
b
o
d
y
wh
o has
m
a
de
val
u
abl
e
co
n
t
ribu
tio
n
s
i
n
th
is stud
y and
th
ei
r critical
co
mmen
t
s on
t
h
is m
a
n
u
s
cri
p
t.
REFERE
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