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I
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8708
I
J
E
C
E
Vo
l.
6
,
No
.
6
,
Dec
em
b
er
201
6
:
2
9
7
1
–
2
9
7
8
2972
an
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r
esen
t
a
p
u
r
e
MA
C
la
y
er
b
ased
tech
n
iq
u
e
f
o
r
G
P
ON
n
et
w
o
r
k
a
n
d
ca
n
b
e
ap
p
ly
i
n
e
x
is
t
in
g
ONU
d
esig
n
s
b
y
o
n
l
y
u
p
g
r
ad
in
g
th
e
ONU
f
ir
m
w
ar
e.
T
h
is
tech
n
iq
u
e
also
ef
f
icie
n
t
f
o
r
f
u
t
u
r
e
O
NU
d
esig
n
s
.
T
h
e
r
est
o
f
th
e
p
ap
er
is
o
r
g
a
n
ized
as
f
o
llo
w
s
:
Sect
io
n
I
I
d
is
cu
s
s
es
t
h
e
r
elate
d
w
o
r
k
.
S
ec
tio
n
I
I
I
d
escr
ib
es
th
e
e
x
is
ti
n
g
GP
ON
f
r
a
m
e
s
tr
u
ct
u
r
e
a
n
d
its
p
r
o
ce
s
s
in
g
li
m
itatio
n
s
.
I
n
Sectio
n
I
V,
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
m
et
h
o
d
illu
s
tr
ates
w
it
h
its
p
r
o
ce
s
s
i
n
g
m
ec
h
a
n
is
m
.
I
n
Sectio
n
V,
th
e
s
i
m
u
latio
n
s
et
u
p
an
d
r
esu
l
ts
d
is
cu
s
s
in
d
etail
.
Fin
al
s
ec
tio
n
co
n
c
lu
d
es t
h
e
p
ap
er
.
2.
RE
L
AT
E
D
WO
RK
Var
io
u
s
s
t
u
d
ies
h
av
e
b
ee
n
co
n
d
u
cted
to
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
an
d
s
o
lv
e
th
e
O
NU
p
o
w
er
co
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
is
s
u
e.
B
r
o
ad
ly
,
th
ese
tech
n
iq
u
e
s
ar
e
ca
teg
o
r
ized
in
to
P
h
y
s
ical
an
d
M
AC
la
y
er
tec
h
n
iq
u
es
o
r
h
y
b
r
id
tech
n
iq
u
es
[
1
4
-
16]
.
P
h
y
s
ical
la
y
er
tech
n
iq
u
es
ar
e
b
ased
o
n
h
ar
d
w
ar
e
ch
a
n
g
es
of
ONU
to
m
a
k
e
it
e
n
er
g
y
ef
f
icien
t
.
O
n
t
h
e
o
th
er
h
a
n
d
,
th
e
M
AC
la
y
er
tec
h
n
iq
u
es
r
eq
u
ir
e
o
n
l
y
f
ir
m
w
ar
e
ch
a
n
g
es
a
n
d
ab
le
to
test
ed
an
d
ad
o
p
ted
q
u
ick
l
y
.
U
n
d
er
th
is
c
ateg
o
r
y
,
d
i
f
f
er
e
n
t
tec
h
n
iq
u
e
s
a
r
e
av
ailab
le
i
n
t
h
e
li
ter
atu
r
e
i
n
clu
d
in
g
O
NU
s
leep
m
o
d
e,
Do
zi
n
g
,
P
o
w
er
Sh
ed
d
i
n
g
a
n
d
Aw
a
k
e
Mo
d
e.
Sleep
m
o
d
e
i
s
t
h
e
m
o
s
t
p
o
p
u
lar
tec
h
n
iq
u
e
[
1
6
-
18]
.
T
h
e
b
asic
id
ea
in
t
h
ese
tech
n
iq
u
e
s
is
to
tu
r
n
o
f
f
t
h
e
o
p
tical
tr
an
s
m
itter
,
r
ec
eiv
er
,
C
DR
,
a
n
d
b
ac
k
en
d
d
i
g
ital
cir
c
u
it
co
m
p
let
e
l
y
o
r
p
ar
tiall
y
b
a
s
ed
o
n
tr
af
f
ic
co
n
d
itio
n
s
f
o
r
ce
r
tain
ti
m
e.
T
h
e
d
r
a
w
b
ac
k
o
f
s
leep
m
o
d
e
tech
n
iq
u
e
s
i
s
its
u
s
a
g
e
o
n
l
y
i
n
lo
w
v
o
lu
m
e
s
tr
af
f
ic
s
it
u
atio
n
s
.
Fo
r
h
ea
v
y
o
r
m
o
d
er
ate
tr
af
f
ic
v
o
lu
m
e
s
,
s
leep
m
o
d
es
ar
e
n
o
t
f
ea
s
ib
le
d
u
e
to
d
ee
p
s
leep
m
o
d
es
ha
ve
s
e
v
er
e
i
m
p
ac
t
s
o
n
Q
u
alit
y
o
f
Ser
v
ice
s
(
Q
o
S
)
p
ar
am
eter
s
s
u
c
h
as
d
ela
y
an
d
j
itter
.
A
s
p
ec
ial
ca
s
e
o
f
s
leep
m
o
d
e
is
d
o
zin
g
w
h
ich
i
s
p
ar
tial
s
leep
.
T
h
e
m
o
r
e
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
tec
h
n
iq
u
e
is
a
co
m
b
i
n
atio
n
o
f
s
leep
an
d
d
o
ze
m
o
d
es lik
e
c
o
o
p
er
ativ
e
s
leep
an
d
w
atc
h
f
u
l sleep
m
o
d
e
[
1
9
-
20]
.
T
h
e
id
ea
o
f
u
s
in
g
a
s
lo
tted
m
e
ch
an
i
s
m
f
o
r
d
o
w
n
s
tr
ea
m
h
as
b
ee
n
d
escr
ib
ed
in
b
u
t
it
li
m
it
s
t
h
e
s
y
s
te
m
th
r
o
u
g
h
p
u
t
[
2
1
]
.
T
h
e
co
n
ce
p
t
o
f
s
a
v
i
n
g
p
r
o
ce
s
s
in
g
p
o
w
er
b
y
a
v
o
id
in
g
u
n
-
r
elate
d
f
r
a
m
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
in
g
w
a
s
f
ir
s
t
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
in
[
6
]
.
A
b
it
in
ter
lea
v
ed
f
r
a
m
e
s
tr
u
ct
u
r
e
w
a
s
i
n
tr
o
d
u
ce
d
as
B
i
-
P
ON.
I
n
t
h
is
tech
n
iq
u
e,
a
n
ON
U
o
n
l
y
r
ea
d
s
its
o
w
n
b
it
s
i
n
P
L
O
A
M,
B
W
MA
P
a
n
d
GE
M
s
ec
tio
n
s
an
d
t
h
u
s
s
a
v
es
s
i
g
n
if
ica
n
t
p
r
o
ce
s
s
i
n
g
p
o
w
er
.
Up
to
3
0
%
p
r
o
ce
s
s
in
g
p
o
w
er
s
av
i
n
g
h
a
s
b
ee
n
d
e
m
o
n
s
tr
ated
u
s
i
n
g
B
i
-
P
ON
[
2
2
]
.
T
h
e
d
r
aw
b
a
ck
o
f
th
is
tec
h
n
iq
u
e
is
th
at
,
it
r
eq
u
ir
e
s
ad
d
itio
n
al
h
ar
d
w
ar
e
ch
a
n
g
es
i
n
th
e
O
NU
an
d
r
eq
u
ir
es
n
e
w
ONU
d
esig
n
s
an
d
n
e
w
in
v
e
s
t
m
e
n
t.
A
cc
o
r
d
in
g
to
C
h
e
n
g
a
n
d
E
f
f
e
n
b
er
g
er
[
2
3
]
,
th
e
id
ea
o
f
k
ee
p
in
g
ONU
s
s
leep
an
d
o
n
l
y
a
w
a
k
e
w
h
e
n
th
eir
tr
af
f
ic
ar
r
iv
es
h
as
d
escr
i
b
ed
.
T
h
is
tech
n
iq
u
e
r
eq
u
ir
e
s
co
m
p
le
x
p
atter
n
r
ec
o
g
n
itio
n
al
g
o
r
ith
m
s
at
O
L
T
to
p
r
ed
ict
th
e
f
u
t
u
r
e
ar
r
iv
al
s
an
d
ca
lcu
late
a
w
a
k
e
ti
m
i
n
g
s
f
o
r
th
e
ONUs
w
it
h
o
u
t Q
o
S d
e
g
r
ad
atio
n
s
.
T
h
is
w
o
r
k
is
i
n
s
p
ir
ed
b
y
t
h
e
id
ea
o
f
B
i
-
P
ON
an
d
p
r
o
p
o
s
es a
n
e
w
GP
ON
f
r
a
m
e
s
tr
u
ct
u
r
e
f
o
r
r
ed
u
cin
g
un
-
r
elate
d
p
r
o
ce
s
s
i
n
g
.
T
h
is
id
ea
s
av
e
s
s
i
g
n
if
ican
t p
r
o
ce
s
s
in
g
en
er
g
y
b
y
o
n
l
y
m
a
k
in
g
m
i
n
o
r
ch
an
g
e
s
i
n
cu
r
r
e
n
t
GP
ON
f
r
a
m
e
s
tr
u
ct
u
r
e
w
ith
o
u
t
i
m
p
ac
tin
g
its
b
asic
f
u
n
ctio
n
s
an
d
s
er
v
ices
u
n
li
k
e
th
e
ex
i
s
ti
n
g
B
i
-
P
ON
m
e
th
o
d
o
f
B
i
-
P
ON
.
T
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
E
n
e
r
g
y
E
f
f
ic
ien
t P
ON
(
E
GP
ON)
s
o
lu
tio
n
d
escr
ib
ed
in
t
h
e
f
o
llo
win
g
s
ec
tio
n
s
.
3.
E
XI
ST
I
N
G
M
E
T
H
O
D
AND
I
T
S
L
I
M
I
T
A
T
I
O
N
S
E
x
is
ti
n
g
GP
ON
n
et
w
o
r
k
u
s
e
s
th
e
f
r
a
m
e
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
a
s
s
h
o
w
s
in
F
ig
u
r
e
1
.
I
t
co
m
p
r
is
e
s
o
f
f
o
u
r
m
ai
n
s
ec
tio
n
s
n
a
m
e
l
y
;
s
y
n
ch
r
o
n
i
za
tio
n
a
n
d
clo
ck
(
I
DE
NT
)
,
P
h
y
s
ical
L
a
y
er
Op
er
atio
n
an
d
Ma
in
te
n
a
n
ce
Do
w
n
s
tr
ea
m
(
P
L
O
AM
d
)
,
B
an
d
w
id
th
(
B
W
)
MA
P
an
d
GE
M
P
ay
lo
ad
.
I
DE
NT
ca
r
r
ies
th
e
s
y
n
ch
r
o
n
izatio
n
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
a
n
d
OL
T
clo
ck
co
u
n
t.
T
h
e
P
L
O
A
Md
co
n
tai
n
s
i
n
s
tr
u
ctio
n
m
es
s
ag
e
s
f
r
o
m
O
L
T
.
B
W
-
MA
P
co
n
tain
s
t
h
e
ti
m
e
s
lo
t
ass
i
g
n
m
en
ts
f
o
r
th
e
u
p
s
tr
ea
m
tr
a
n
s
m
i
s
s
io
n
s
a
n
d
t
h
e
GE
M
s
ec
tio
n
co
n
tai
n
s
t
h
e
p
a
y
lo
ad
m
ap
p
ed
to
A
llo
ca
tio
n
I
Ds (
AL
L
O
C
-
I
D)
,
as
s
ig
n
ed
to
ONU
s
d
u
r
in
g
i
n
itializat
io
n
.
Sin
ce
GP
ON
is
a
s
y
n
ch
r
o
n
o
u
s
n
et
w
o
r
k
,
an
ONU
i
n
th
is
n
e
t
w
o
r
k
r
ec
ei
v
es
8
0
0
0
f
r
am
e
s
p
er
s
ec
o
n
d
an
d
it
i
s
p
o
s
s
ib
le
th
at
n
o
n
e
o
f
th
e
f
r
a
m
es
h
a
v
e
a
P
L
O
A
M
o
r
d
ata
m
es
s
ag
e
d
esti
n
ed
f
o
r
it
an
d
all
th
e
f
r
a
m
e
s
ar
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
ed
an
d
d
is
ca
r
d
ed
b
y
it.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
w
h
en
it i
s
id
le,
as s
u
g
g
e
s
ted
b
y
B
I
-
P
ON
p
r
o
p
o
s
al,
GP
ON
p
o
w
er
co
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
ca
n
b
e
s
i
g
n
i
f
ica
n
clt
y
r
ed
u
ce
d
i
f
o
n
l
y
r
elev
a
n
t
d
o
w
n
s
tr
ea
m
f
r
a
m
e
s
ar
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
ed
b
y
a
n
ONU.
Ho
w
e
v
er
,
th
e
ex
i
s
iti
n
g
f
r
a
m
e
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
f
o
r
ce
s
ONUs
to
p
r
o
ce
s
s
ev
er
y
f
r
a
m
e.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
it
is
n
ec
ess
ar
y
to
ch
an
g
e
th
is
f
r
a
m
e
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e.
T
o
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
th
is
p
r
o
b
lem
,
w
e
f
ir
s
t
ex
p
lai
n
th
e
e
x
is
ti
n
g
f
r
a
m
e
s
tr
u
c
tu
r
e
an
d
its
p
r
o
ce
s
s
in
g
m
ec
h
an
is
m
.
I
n
t
h
is
f
r
a
m
e
s
tr
u
c
t
u
r
e
a
n
O
NU
M
AC
p
r
o
ce
s
s
o
r
as
s
h
o
w
s
i
n
Fig
u
r
e
2
,
h
as
to
p
r
o
ce
s
s
I
DE
NT
,
P
L
O
A
M,
B
W
MA
P
an
d
GE
M
s
ec
tio
n
s
f
o
r
ex
tr
ac
t
O
L
T
clo
ck
,
Op
er
atio
n
an
d
Ma
n
ag
e
m
e
n
t
(
O
A
M)
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
J
E
C
E
I
SS
N:
2088
-
8708
E
n
erg
y
E
fficien
t F
r
a
me
S
tr
u
ctu
r
e
fo
r
Gig
a
b
it P
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s
s
ive
Op
tica
l Netw
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k
s
(
R
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z
w
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A
s
la
m
B
u
tt)
2973
in
s
tr
u
ctio
n
s
f
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m
O
L
T
,
Up
s
tr
ea
m
b
an
d
w
id
th
a
s
s
i
g
n
m
e
n
t
f
o
r
u
p
s
tr
ea
m
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
a
n
d
d
ata
f
r
o
m
ea
c
h
s
ec
t
io
n
.
Fro
m
th
e
I
DE
NT
s
ec
tio
n
,
it
ex
tr
ac
t
s
O
L
T
clo
ck
.
Fro
m
P
L
O
A
M
s
ec
tio
n
,
B
W
M
A
P
,
an
d
GE
M
s
ec
tio
n
s
,
it
e
x
tr
ac
ts
O
A
M
m
es
s
ag
e
s
,
u
p
s
tr
ea
m
b
an
d
w
id
t
h
as
s
ig
n
m
e
n
ts
,
an
d
d
at
a
en
ca
p
s
u
la
tio
n
i
n
T
r
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
C
o
n
tai
n
er
s
(
T
C
ONT
S)
r
esp
ec
tiv
el
y
.
A
T
C
ONT
is
p
ay
lo
ad
m
ap
p
ed
to
a
s
p
ec
if
ic
A
llo
ca
tio
n
I
d
en
tif
ier
(
AL
L
O
C
-
ID
)
o
f
t
h
e
ONU.
I
n
t
h
e
B
W
Ma
p
an
d
G
E
M
s
ec
tio
n
s,
i
f
t
h
e
AL
L
O
C
-
I
D
d
o
esn
‘
t
b
elo
n
g
to
th
e
ON
U
t
h
en
th
at
A
llo
ca
tio
n
o
r
T
C
ONT
is
d
is
ca
r
d
ed
af
t
er
p
r
o
ce
s
s
in
g
.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
i
f
a
n
ONU
ca
n
k
n
o
w
b
ef
o
r
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
in
g
ab
o
u
t
t
h
e
A
llo
c
-
I
Ds
in
cl
u
d
ed
in
t
h
e
B
W
Ma
p
an
d
GeM
s
ec
tio
n
s
t
h
en
a
n
ON
U
ca
n
d
is
ca
r
d
th
ese
s
ec
tio
n
s
w
i
th
o
u
t
p
r
o
ce
s
s
in
g
,
i
f
it
s
A
llo
c
-
I
Ds
ar
e
n
o
t
i
n
clu
d
ed
i
n
t
h
is
s
ec
tio
n
s
.
T
h
e
d
etailed
p
r
o
ce
s
s
in
g
s
tep
s
ar
e
in
v
o
lv
ed
in
p
ar
s
i
n
g
th
e
cu
r
r
en
t
f
r
a
m
e
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
ar
e
s
h
o
w
s
i
n
Fi
g
u
r
e
3
,
w
it
h
th
e
h
elp
o
f
f
lo
w
c
h
ar
t.
T
h
e
ex
is
tin
g
f
r
a
m
e
s
tr
u
ct
u
r
e
in
clu
d
e
s
P
L
E
ND
s
ec
tio
n
s
t
w
ic
e
to
m
a
k
e
s
u
r
e
t
h
at
if
o
n
e
s
ec
t
i
o
n
is
s
p
o
iled
d
u
e
to
b
it
er
r
o
r
s
,
th
e
o
th
er
ca
n
b
e
u
s
ed
.
T
h
is
s
ec
tio
n
co
n
s
tr
ain
s
v
er
y
i
m
p
o
r
tan
t
f
ie
ld
o
f
B
L
E
N
th
at
d
escr
ib
es
t
h
e
len
g
th
o
f
th
e
B
W
MA
P
s
ec
tio
n
.
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
GP
ON
Fra
m
e
Str
u
ct
u
r
e
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
D
o
w
n
s
tr
ea
m
F
r
a
m
e
an
d
P
r
o
ce
s
s
in
g
Un
it o
f
a
GP
ON
ONU
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8708
I
J
E
C
E
Vo
l.
6
,
No
.
6
,
Dec
em
b
er
201
6
:
2
9
7
1
–
2
9
7
8
2974
Fig
u
r
e
3
.
GP
ON
Fra
m
e
P
r
o
ce
s
s
i
n
g
b
y
a
n
ONU
4.
P
RO
P
O
SE
D
M
E
T
H
O
D
T
h
e
li
m
itatio
n
o
f
t
h
e
e
x
is
tin
g
f
r
a
m
e
s
tr
u
ct
u
r
e
is
th
at
b
y
u
s
i
n
g
it
‘
ONU
ca
n
n
o
t
d
eter
m
in
e
th
e
r
elev
an
c
y
o
f
t
h
e
f
r
a
m
e
u
n
le
s
s
it c
o
m
p
letel
y
p
r
o
ce
s
s
e
it
.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
a
f
e
w
f
r
a
m
e
s
tr
u
c
tu
r
e
f
o
r
a
GP
ON
n
et
w
o
r
k
w
it
h
f
e
w
ch
a
n
g
es
is
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
as
s
h
o
w
s
i
n
Fig
u
r
e
4
.
T
h
e
s
e
ch
a
n
g
es
e
n
ab
le
an
ON
U
to
d
eter
m
i
n
e
th
e
r
elev
an
c
y
o
f
t
h
e
r
ec
eiv
ed
f
r
a
m
e
at
ea
r
l
y
s
tag
e
b
ef
o
r
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
i
n
g
t
h
e
B
W
MA
P
an
d
GE
M
s
ec
tio
n
s
a
n
d
th
u
s
s
av
e
s
ig
n
i
f
ica
n
t p
r
o
ce
s
s
in
g
en
er
g
y
. T
h
e
n
e
w
f
r
a
m
e
s
tr
u
ct
u
r
e
ter
m
s
as
E
n
er
g
y
E
f
f
icie
n
t
G
P
ON
(
E
GP
ON)
.
Fig
u
r
e
4
.
E
GP
ON
Fra
m
e
Str
u
ctu
r
e
T
h
e
f
ir
s
t
ch
a
n
g
e
m
ad
e
i
s
in
t
h
e
I
DE
NT
s
ec
tio
n
.
A
n
e
x
is
tin
g
u
n
u
s
ed
b
it
ter
m
ed
as
r
e
s
er
v
e
b
it
‗
r
‘
i
n
th
e
I
DE
NT
s
ec
tio
n
,
it
i
s
r
en
a
m
ed
as
P
L
O
A
M
(
P
)
to
in
d
icat
e
th
e
p
r
esen
ce
o
f
t
h
e
P
L
O
AM
m
es
s
ag
e
in
s
id
e
th
e
i
m
m
ed
iatel
y
f
o
llo
w
i
n
g
s
ec
tio
n
.
So
b
y
i
n
s
p
ec
tin
g
t
h
is
b
it
an
ONU
ca
n
s
k
ip
p
r
o
ce
s
s
in
g
o
f
th
e
P
L
O
A
Md
s
ec
tio
n
a
n
d
s
av
e
s
ig
n
i
f
ica
n
t p
r
o
ce
s
s
in
g
e
n
er
g
y
,
i
f
t
h
er
e
is
n
o
P
L
O
A
M
m
e
s
s
a
g
e
f
r
o
m
th
e
O
L
T
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
J
E
C
E
I
SS
N:
2088
-
8708
E
n
erg
y
E
fficien
t F
r
a
me
S
tr
u
ctu
r
e
fo
r
Gig
a
b
it P
a
s
s
ive
Op
tica
l Netw
o
r
k
s
(
R
i
z
w
a
n
A
s
la
m
B
u
tt)
2975
Si
m
i
lar
l
y
a
s
in
g
le
GP
ON
f
r
a
m
e
co
u
ld
h
a
v
e
a
m
ax
i
m
u
m
o
f
4
0
9
6
u
p
s
tr
ea
m
ti
m
eslo
t
a
s
s
i
g
n
m
e
n
t
s
b
y
th
e
O
L
T
in
th
e
B
W
MA
P
an
d
th
e
s
a
m
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
T
C
ONT
s
in
th
e
GE
M
s
ec
t
io
n
in
a
s
in
g
l
e
f
r
a
m
e
an
d
a
to
tal
o
f
3
2
7
6
8
0
0
0
p
e
r
s
ec
o
n
d
.
I
f
a
n
ONU
is
id
le
th
e
n
it
w
ill
p
r
o
ce
s
s
all
th
e
s
e
f
r
a
m
es
an
d
s
i
m
p
ly
d
is
ca
r
d
as
b
ein
g
un
-
r
elate
d
,
r
esu
ltin
g
i
n
a
s
i
g
n
i
f
ica
n
t
p
r
o
ce
s
s
i
n
g
en
er
g
y
w
a
s
tag
e.
I
n
o
r
d
er
to
ad
d
r
ess
th
is
p
r
o
b
le
m
,
w
e
r
ec
o
m
m
e
n
d
to
ad
d
a
lis
t
o
f
ONU
-
I
Ds
f
o
r
all
ONUs
an
d
h
a
v
in
g
d
ata
o
r
u
p
s
tr
ea
m
ti
m
e
s
lo
t
ass
ig
n
m
en
ts
i
n
th
e
cu
r
r
en
t
f
r
a
m
e
i
n
t
h
e
P
L
E
N
D
s
ec
tio
n
.
No
w
an
O
NU
ca
n
c
h
e
ck
its
ONU
-
I
D
i
n
th
is
li
s
t
a
n
d
d
ec
id
e
w
h
et
h
er
to
p
r
o
ce
s
s
f
u
r
t
h
er
o
r
j
u
s
t d
is
ca
r
d
th
e
n
e
x
t
u
n
-
r
elate
d
s
ec
tio
n
s
.
W
e
also
eli
m
i
n
ate
A
T
M
L
en
g
t
h
(
AL
E
N)
f
ield
as it
is
n
o
w
d
ep
r
ec
ated
an
d
n
o
t
u
s
ed
b
y
GP
ON.
Mo
r
eo
v
er
in
s
te
ad
o
f
u
s
i
n
g
P
L
E
ND
t
w
ice
in
th
e
GP
ON
f
r
a
m
e
s
tr
u
ct
u
r
e,
it
is
o
n
l
y
u
s
ed
o
n
ce
in
E
GP
ON
ac
co
r
d
in
g
to
o
u
r
a
n
al
y
s
i
s
.
C
R
C
-
8
f
iled
ca
n
p
r
o
v
id
e
en
o
u
g
h
in
te
g
r
it
y
f
o
r
th
is
s
ec
tio
n
.
W
e
d
o
n
o
t
m
a
k
e
an
y
o
th
er
ch
a
n
g
es i
n
th
e
G
P
ON
f
r
a
m
e
s
tr
u
ct
u
r
e
ex
ce
p
t th
ese
t
w
o
.
4
.
1
.
E
G
P
O
N
F
ra
m
e
P
ro
ce
s
s
ing
A
P
r
o
ce
s
s
i
n
g
o
f
E
GP
ON
f
r
a
m
e
i
s
s
i
m
ilar
to
GP
ON
e
x
ce
p
t
it
h
as
t
w
o
ad
d
itio
n
al
d
ec
is
io
n
s
tag
e
s
a
s
s
h
o
w
s
i
n
Fi
g
u
r
e
5
.
Fig
u
r
e
5
.
E
GP
ON
Fra
m
e
P
r
o
ce
s
s
i
n
g
T
h
e
ch
an
g
e
s
m
ad
e
ar
e
h
ig
h
li
g
h
ted
w
it
h
a
d
o
tted
r
ec
tan
g
u
lar
b
o
x
.
I
n
th
e
f
ir
s
t
d
ec
is
io
n
s
ta
g
e
,
if
b
it
‗
P
‘
is
ze
r
o
th
en
w
e
ca
n
s
k
ip
th
e
P
L
O
A
M
p
r
o
ce
s
s
in
g
f
u
n
ctio
n
an
d
s
av
e
P
L
O
A
M
p
r
o
ce
s
s
i
n
g
en
er
g
y
E
P
L
O
A
M.
OL
T
o
n
l
y
m
a
k
e
s
‗
P
=
1
‘
i
f
t
h
er
e
is
a
P
L
O
AM
m
es
s
ag
e
in
t
h
e
f
r
a
m
e.
Si
m
ilar
l
y
in
t
h
e
s
ec
o
n
d
d
ec
is
io
n
s
tag
e,
an
ONU
ch
ec
k
s
its
ONU
-
I
D
in
th
e
lis
t
ad
d
ed
b
y
th
e
O
L
T
in
th
e
P
L
E
ND
s
ec
tio
n
an
d
d
is
ca
r
d
s
r
est
o
f
th
e
f
r
a
m
e
i
f
it
s
O
NU
-
I
D
i
s
n
o
t
li
s
ted
th
er
e.
T
h
er
e
co
u
ld
b
e
th
r
e
e
t
y
p
es
o
f
f
r
a
m
es
b
ein
g
r
ec
ei
v
ed
b
y
a
n
ONU.
W
e
d
ef
in
e
t
y
p
e
―A
‖
f
r
a
m
es
a
s
co
m
p
letel
y
h
a
v
i
n
g
b
o
th
P
L
O
AM
an
d
GE
M
a
s
w
ell
a
s
B
W
MA
P
s
ec
t
io
n
s
d
e
s
ti
n
ed
f
o
r
ONU.
I
f
o
n
l
y
GE
M
a
n
d
B
W
MA
P
s
ec
tio
n
i
s
r
elate
d
t
h
en
th
e
s
e
ar
e
in
t
y
p
e
―
B
‖
f
r
a
m
es
el
s
e
t
h
e
f
r
a
m
e
s
b
elo
n
g
to
t
y
p
e
―C‖
w
h
ich
ar
e
u
n
-
r
elate
d
f
r
a
m
es.
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t
s
h
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ted
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at
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m
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s
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o
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t
h
e
ca
s
es
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as
u
p
s
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ea
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b
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d
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n
m
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t
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MA
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o
n
l
y
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e
n
t
h
er
e
is
a
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t
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ONT
G
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s
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n
.
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ass
u
m
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eit
h
er
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h
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n
s
ar
e
r
elate
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o
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e
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n
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elate
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.
I
f
E
P
L
,
E
I
D
an
d
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B
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_
GE
M,
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ep
r
esen
t
th
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
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g
e
n
er
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ies
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f
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L
E
ND,
I
DE
NT
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d
b
o
th
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an
d
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M
A
P
s
e
ctio
n
s
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n
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e
ca
n
w
r
ite,
_
=
_
=
_
=
_
(
1)
_
=
+
+
_
+
(
2)
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8708
I
J
E
C
E
Vo
l.
6
,
No
.
6
,
Dec
em
b
er
201
6
:
2
9
7
1
–
2
9
7
8
2976
_
=
+
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+
(
3)
_
=
+
(
4)
w
h
er
e
t
h
e
s
u
b
s
cr
ip
ts
A
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B
a
n
d
C
r
ep
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t
t
h
e
f
r
a
m
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p
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o
ce
s
s
i
n
g
e
n
er
g
ies
b
y
ONU
in
c
ase
o
f
―A
‖,
―
B
‖
an
d
―
C
‖
w
h
ic
h
ar
e
t
y
p
es
o
f
GP
ON
an
d
E
GP
ON
f
r
a
m
e
s
.
5.
RE
SU
L
T
S AN
D
AN
AL
Y
SI
S
I
n
o
r
d
er
t
o
co
m
p
ar
e
th
e
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er
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o
r
m
a
n
ce
o
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E
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ON
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it
h
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ON
f
r
a
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e
s
tr
u
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th
e
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C
la
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o
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s
s
o
r
co
d
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itte
n
u
s
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n
g
AR
M7
T
DM
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u
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m
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iled
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n
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m
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lated
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s
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n
g
Keil
u
Vis
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n
5
.
1
5
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
t.
I
n
o
r
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er
to
q
u
an
tize
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tio
n
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n
s
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u
ctio
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el
en
er
g
y
m
o
d
el
f
o
r
AR
M7
T
DM
I
av
ailab
le
i
n
[
2
4
]
.
T
h
e
in
s
tr
u
ctio
n
s
u
s
ed
i
n
o
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r
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J
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e
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le
1
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l
y
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f
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AC
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m
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as t
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n
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licatio
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d
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le
1
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n
s
tr
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tio
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Pr
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n
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P
ON
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d
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ON
f
r
a
m
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h
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Fig
u
r
e
3
an
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u
r
e
4
r
esp
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f
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r
ea
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f
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h
e
th
r
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t
y
p
es
o
f
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m
es
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‖,
―
B
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an
d
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u
s
in
g
eq
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at
io
n
1
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4
,
f
o
r
b
o
th
GP
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d
E
GP
ON
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r
a
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as
s
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Fi
g
u
r
e
6
.
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is
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at
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ase
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e
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w
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r
eq
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a
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o
r
e
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ce
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s
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p
o
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ca
s
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o
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t
y
p
e
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f
r
a
m
e
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GP
ON
p
r
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id
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e
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0
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J
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m
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% c
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(
5
)
.
=
_
−
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_
100
(
5)
Fig
u
r
e
6
.
E
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m
e
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o
ce
s
s
i
n
g
Fig
u
r
e
7
.
E
GP
ON
Fra
m
e
P
r
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ce
s
s
i
n
g
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
A
B
C
Pr
o
c
e
ssi
n
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E
n
e
r
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(
n
J
)
T
y
pe
o
f
Do
w
ns
t
re
a
m
F
ra
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e
G
PO
N
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
J
E
C
E
I
SS
N:
2088
-
8708
E
n
erg
y
E
fficien
t F
r
a
me
S
tr
u
ctu
r
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fo
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Gig
a
b
it P
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s
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ive
Op
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n
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m
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2977
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m
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,
[
6
]
,
o
n
l
y
3
%
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f
th
e
tr
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f
ic
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n
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.
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h
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〖
2
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x
1
0
〗
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u
n
-
r
elate
d
f
r
a
m
es
r
ea
ch
i
n
g
an
ONU.
Fig
u
r
e
7
,
s
h
o
w
s
th
e
p
r
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ce
s
s
in
g
en
er
g
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n
s
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f
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ON
a
n
d
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f
r
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m
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p
er
h
o
u
r
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f
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e
‖
C
‖
f
r
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m
es.
A
s
a
v
i
n
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o
f
4
5
8
J
o
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les o
f
p
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s
s
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s
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v
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2
4
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r
s
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ON
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s
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ON
f
r
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m
e
s
tr
u
ct
u
r
e.
6
.
CO
NCLU
SI
O
N
B
y
u
s
i
n
g
E
GP
ON
f
r
a
m
e
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
in
s
tead
o
f
s
tan
d
ar
d
GPON,
2
5
.
2
5
%
p
r
o
ce
s
s
in
g
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y
ca
n
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e
ac
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ed
b
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ONU
d
u
e
to
less
er
u
n
-
r
elate
d
p
r
o
ce
s
s
i
n
g
o
f
d
o
w
n
s
tr
ea
m
f
r
a
m
es.
Mo
r
eo
v
er
,
th
e
s
u
g
g
ested
ch
an
g
es
n
eit
h
er
ch
a
n
g
e
th
e
b
a
s
ic
s
tr
u
c
tu
r
e
o
f
GP
ON
w
i
th
o
u
t
i
m
p
ac
t
o
n
p
r
o
to
co
l
f
u
n
ctio
n
s
an
d
s
er
v
i
ce
s
.
T
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
ch
an
g
es
ac
t
u
all
y
ad
d
m
o
r
e
in
f
o
r
m
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to
th
e
f
r
a
m
e
s
tr
u
ct
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r
e
to
en
ab
le
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n
ONU
to
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th
e
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an
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r
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m
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ea
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l
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s
tag
e
an
d
d
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r
d
it
w
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h
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u
t
p
r
o
ce
s
s
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is
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ated
.
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e
p
r
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p
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s
ed
s
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n
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t
r
eq
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ir
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a
n
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itio
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e
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h
a
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e
s
i
n
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O
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a
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e
a
p
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lied
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r
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ep
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k
b
y
o
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l
y
u
p
g
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n
g
t
h
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f
ir
m
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NO
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E
D
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M
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NT
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T
h
is
w
o
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a
s
s
u
p
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ted
b
y
Min
i
s
tr
y
o
f
E
d
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ca
t
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n
Ma
la
y
s
ia
a
n
d
th
e
ad
m
i
n
is
tr
atio
n
o
f
Un
i
v
er
s
it
y
T
ec
h
n
o
lo
g
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Ma
la
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s
ia
(
UT
M)
f
o
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th
e
p
r
o
j
ec
t f
in
an
cial
s
u
p
p
o
r
t th
r
o
u
g
h
F
R
GS F
u
n
d
v
o
te
n
u
m
b
er
4
F5
6
5
.
RE
F
E
R
E
NC
E
S
[1
]
K.
N.
Qu
re
sh
i,
e
t
a
l.
,
―
Ro
a
d
A
wa
re
G
e
o
g
ra
p
h
ica
l
Ro
u
ti
n
g
P
ro
t
o
c
o
l
Co
u
p
le
d
w
it
h
Dista
n
c
e
,
Dire
c
ti
o
n
a
n
d
T
ra
ff
ic
De
n
sity
M
e
tri
c
s
f
o
r
U
rb
a
n
V
e
h
ic
u
lar A
d
Ho
c
Ne
tw
o
rk
s,
‖
W
ir
e
les
s
Per
so
n
a
l
Co
mm
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
s
,
p
p
.
1
-
20.
[2
]
K.
N.
Qu
re
sh
i,
e
t
a
l.
,
―
G
e
o
g
ra
p
h
ica
l
F
o
rw
a
rd
in
g
M
e
th
o
d
s
in
V
e
h
icu
lar
A
d
h
o
c
Ne
tw
o
rk
s,
‖
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
El
e
c
trica
l
a
n
d
C
o
mp
u
ter
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
,
v
o
l.
5
,
2
0
1
5
.
[3
]
N.
S
.
C.
I.
S
.
Ce
n
ter,
―
F
a
c
ts
a
n
d
f
ig
u
re
s at a g
l
a
n
c
e
,
‖
Un
ive
rs
it
y
o
f
Al
a
b
a
ma
:
Bi
rm
in
g
h
a
m,
AL
,
US
A
,
2
0
1
5
.
[4
]
P
.
Ch
o
w
d
h
u
ry
,
e
t
a
l.
,
―
Bu
il
d
i
n
g
a
g
re
e
n
w
irele
ss
-
o
p
ti
c
a
l
b
r
o
a
d
b
a
n
d
a
c
c
e
ss
n
e
t
w
o
rk
(
W
OB
AN
),
‖
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
L
ig
h
twa
v
e
T
e
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
,
v
o
l
.
2
8
,
p
p
.
2
2
1
9
-
2
2
2
9
,
2
0
1
0
.
[5
]
S
.
S
.
Ne
w
a
z
,
e
t
a
l.
,
―
A
d
a
p
ti
v
e
d
e
la
y
-
a
wa
re
e
n
e
rg
y
e
ff
icie
n
t
T
D
M
-
P
ON
,
‖
Co
mp
u
ter
Ne
two
rk
s,
v
o
l.
5
7
,
p
p
.
1
5
7
7
-
1
5
9
6
,
2
0
1
3
.
[6
]
D.
S
u
v
a
k
o
v
ic,
e
t
a
l.
,
―
A
lo
w
-
e
n
e
rg
y
ra
te
-
a
d
a
p
ti
v
e
b
it
-
in
terle
a
v
e
d
p
a
ss
iv
e
o
p
t
ica
l
n
e
tw
o
rk
,
‖
IE
EE
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
n
S
e
lec
ted
Are
a
s in
Co
mm
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
s,
v
o
l.
3
2
,
p
p
.
1
5
5
2
-
1
5
6
5
,
2
0
1
4
.
[7
]
J.
I
.
Ka
n
i,
―
P
o
w
e
r
sa
v
in
g
tec
h
n
iq
u
e
s
a
n
d
m
e
c
h
a
n
ism
s
f
o
r
o
p
ti
c
a
l
a
c
c
e
ss
n
e
t
w
o
rk
s
s
y
ste
m
s,
‖
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
L
ig
h
twa
v
e
T
e
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
,
v
o
l.
3
1
,
p
p
.
5
6
3
-
5
7
0
,
2
0
1
3
.
[8
]
S.
W
.
W
o
n
g
,
e
t
a
l.
,
―
S
lee
p
m
o
d
e
f
o
r
e
n
e
rg
y
sa
v
in
g
P
ON
s:
a
d
v
a
n
t
a
g
e
s
a
n
d
d
ra
w
b
a
c
k
s,
‖
in
2
0
0
9
I
E
EE
Glo
b
e
c
o
m
W
o
rk
sh
o
p
s
,
p
p
.
1
-
6
,
2
0
0
9
.
[9
]
D.
P
.
V
a
n
,
e
t
a
l.
,
―
E
n
e
rg
y
-
sa
v
in
g
f
ra
m
e
w
o
rk
f
o
r
p
a
ss
iv
e
o
p
ti
c
a
l
n
e
t
w
o
rk
s
w
it
h
ON
U
sle
e
p
/d
o
z
e
m
o
d
e
,
‖
Op
ti
c
s
e
x
p
re
ss
,
v
o
l.
2
3
,
p
p
.
A
1
-
A
1
4
,
2
0
1
5
.
[1
0
]
D.
S
u
v
a
k
o
v
ic,
e
t
a
l.
,
―
L
o
w
e
n
e
rg
y
b
it
-
in
terle
a
v
in
g
d
o
w
n
stre
a
m
p
ro
to
c
o
l
f
o
r
p
a
ss
iv
e
o
p
ti
c
a
l
n
e
tw
o
rk
s,
‖
in
On
li
n
e
Co
n
fer
e
n
c
e
o
n
Gr
e
e
n
Co
mm
u
n
ic
a
ti
o
n
s (
Gr
e
e
n
Co
m),
2
0
1
2
IEE
E
,
p
p
.
2
6
-
31
,
2
0
1
2
.
[1
1
]
Y.
Qi,
e
t
a
l.
,
―
De
sig
n
a
n
d
p
e
rf
o
r
m
a
n
c
e
a
n
a
l
y
si
s
o
f
2
×
1
0
G
B/S
b
i
d
irec
ti
o
n
a
l
g
re
e
n
W
DM
-
P
ON
b
a
se
d
o
n
c
ircu
lato
r,
‖
i
n
Bro
a
d
b
a
n
d
Ne
two
rk
a
n
d
M
u
lt
ime
d
ia
T
e
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
(
IC
-
BNM
T
),
2
0
1
1
4
t
h
IE
EE
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
Co
n
fer
e
n
c
e
o
n
,
p
p
.
5
6
-
60
,
2
0
1
1
.
[1
2
]
B.
Qu
a
n
,
e
t
a
l.
,
―
Dy
n
a
m
ic
Ro
u
ti
n
g
a
n
d
Re
so
u
rc
e
A
s
sig
n
m
e
n
t
A
l
g
o
ri
th
m
In
slo
ted
o
p
ti
c
a
l
Ne
tw
o
rk
s,
‖
In
d
o
n
e
sia
n
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
El
e
c
trica
l
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
a
n
d
Co
m
p
u
ter
S
c
ien
c
e
,
v
o
l.
1
1
,
p
p
.
1
8
1
3
-
1
8
2
1
,
2
0
1
3
.
[1
3
]
Y.
Du
a
n
d
J.
Zh
a
n
g
,
―
T
h
e
P
e
rf
o
r
m
a
n
c
e
o
f
S
y
n
c
h
ro
n
iza
ti
o
n
A
lg
o
rit
h
m
in
Re
a
l
-
ti
m
e
OFDM
—
P
ON
S
y
ste
m
,
‖
In
d
o
n
e
sia
n
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
El
e
c
trica
l
En
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
a
n
d
C
o
mp
u
ter
S
c
ien
c
e
,
v
o
l.
1
0
,
p
p
.
1
7
8
5
-
1
7
9
4
,
2
0
1
2
.
[1
4
]
E.
W
o
n
g
,
e
t
a
l.
,
―
E
n
e
rg
y
-
e
ff
icie
n
c
y
o
f
o
p
ti
c
a
l
n
e
tw
o
rk
u
n
it
s
w
it
h
v
e
rti
c
a
l
-
c
a
v
it
y
su
rfa
c
e
-
e
m
it
ti
n
g
las
e
rs,
‖
Op
ti
c
s
e
x
p
re
ss
,
v
o
l.
2
0
,
p
p
.
1
4
9
6
0
-
1
4
9
7
0
,
2
0
1
2
.
[1
5
]
R.
Ku
b
o
,
e
t
a
l.
,
―
S
lee
p
a
n
d
a
d
a
p
ti
v
e
li
n
k
ra
te
c
o
n
tr
o
l
f
o
r
p
o
w
e
r
s
a
v
in
g
in
1
0
G
-
E
P
ON
sy
ste
m
s,
‖
in
Glo
b
a
l
T
e
lec
o
mm
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
s C
o
n
fer
e
n
c
e
,
2
0
0
9
.
G
L
OBECOM
2
0
0
9
.
IEE
E
,
p
p
.
1
-
6
,
2
0
0
9
.
[1
6
]
J.
Zh
a
n
g
a
n
d
N.
A
n
sa
ri,
―
T
o
w
a
r
d
e
n
e
rg
y
-
e
f
f
i
c
ien
t
1
G
-
EP
ON
a
n
d
1
0
G
-
E
P
ON
w
it
h
sle
e
p
-
a
w
a
r
e
M
A
C
c
o
n
tro
l
a
n
d
sc
h
e
d
u
li
n
g
,
‖
IEE
E
C
o
mm
u
n
ic
a
ti
o
n
s M
a
g
a
zin
e
,
v
o
l
.
4
9
,
p
p
.
s3
3
-
s3
8
,
2
0
1
1
.
[1
7
]
L
.
S
h
i,
e
t
a
l.
,
―
En
e
rg
y
-
e
ff
ici
e
n
t
P
ON
w
it
h
sle
e
p
-
m
o
d
e
ON
U:
p
ro
g
r
e
ss
,
c
h
a
ll
e
n
g
e
s,
a
n
d
so
lu
ti
o
n
s,
‖
IEE
E
Ne
two
rk
,
v
o
l.
2
6
,
p
p
.
3
6
-
4
1
,
2
0
1
2
.
[1
8
]
H.
Ba
n
g
,
e
t
a
l.
,
―
De
term
in
a
ti
o
n
o
f
sle
e
p
p
e
rio
d
f
o
r
c
y
c
li
c
sle
e
p
m
o
d
e
in
X
G
-
P
ON
p
o
w
e
r
m
a
n
a
g
e
m
e
n
t,
‖
IEE
E
Co
mm
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
s L
e
tt
e
rs
,
v
o
l.
1
6
,
p
p
.
9
8
-
1
0
0
,
2
0
1
2
.
[1
9
]
D.
N.
V
.
F
e
rn
a
n
d
o
,
e
t
a
l.
,
―
Co
o
p
e
ra
ti
v
e
c
y
c
li
c
sle
e
p
a
n
d
d
o
z
e
m
o
d
e
se
lec
ti
o
n
f
o
r
NG
-
P
ON
s,
‖
in
2
0
1
4
1
6
t
h
In
ter
n
a
t
io
n
a
l
C
o
n
fer
e
n
c
e
o
n
T
r
a
n
sp
a
re
n
t
O
p
ti
c
a
l
Ne
tw
o
rk
s (
ICT
ON)
,
p
p
.
1
-
4
,
2
0
1
4
.
[2
0
]
R.
O.
Hira
f
u
ji
,
e
t
a
l.
,
―
T
h
e
w
a
tch
f
u
l
sle
e
p
m
o
d
e
:
a
n
e
w
sta
n
d
a
rd
f
o
r
e
n
e
rg
y
e
ff
ici
e
n
c
y
in
f
u
t
u
re
a
c
c
e
ss
n
e
t
w
o
rk
s,
‖
IEE
E
Co
mm
u
n
ica
t
io
n
s M
a
g
a
zin
e
,
v
o
l.
5
3
,
p
p
.
1
5
0
-
1
5
7
,
2
0
1
5
.
[2
1
]
S
.
S
.
L
e
e
a
n
d
A
.
Ch
e
n
,
―
De
sig
n
a
n
d
a
n
a
ly
sis
o
f
a
n
o
v
e
l
e
n
e
rg
y
e
ff
ici
e
n
t
e
t
h
e
rn
e
t
p
a
ss
iv
e
o
p
ti
c
a
l
n
e
tw
o
rk
,
‖
in
Ne
two
rk
s (
ICN),
2
0
1
0
Nin
t
h
I
n
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
C
o
n
fer
e
n
c
e
o
n
,
p
p
.
6
-
9
,
2
0
1
0
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8708
I
J
E
C
E
Vo
l.
6
,
No
.
6
,
Dec
em
b
er
201
6
:
2
9
7
1
–
2
9
7
8
2978
[2
2
]
H.
Ch
o
w
,
e
t
a
l.
,
―
De
m
o
n
stra
ti
o
n
o
f
lo
w
-
p
o
w
e
r
b
it
-
in
terle
a
v
in
g
T
DM
P
ON
,
‖
i
n
E
u
ro
p
e
a
n
C
o
n
fer
e
n
c
e
a
n
d
Exh
ib
it
io
n
o
n
Op
ti
c
a
l
C
o
mm
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
,
2
0
1
2
.
[2
3
]
N.
Ch
e
n
g
a
n
d
F
.
Eff
e
n
b
e
rg
e
r,
―
A
u
to
m
a
ti
c
ON
U
w
a
v
e
len
g
th
c
o
n
tro
l
in
T
W
DM
P
ON
s,
‖
in
Op
ti
c
a
l
Fi
b
e
r
Co
mm
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
C
o
n
fer
e
n
c
e
,
2
0
1
4
.
[2
4
]
M
.
Ba
z
z
a
z
,
e
t
a
l.
,
―
A
n
a
c
c
u
ra
te
in
stru
c
ti
o
n
-
lev
e
l
e
n
e
rg
y
e
sti
m
a
ti
o
n
m
o
d
e
l
a
n
d
to
o
l
f
o
r
e
m
b
e
d
d
e
d
s
y
ste
m
s,
‖
IEE
E
T
ra
n
sa
c
ti
o
n
s
o
n
In
str
u
me
n
ta
t
io
n
a
n
d
M
e
a
su
re
me
n
t,
v
o
l.
6
2
,
p
p
.
1
9
2
7
-
1
9
3
4
,
2
0
1
3
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.