Int
ern
at
i
onal
Journ
al of Ele
ctrical
an
d
Co
mput
er
En
gin
eeri
ng
(IJ
E
C
E)
Vo
l.
8
,
No.
6
,
D
ece
m
ber
201
8
, pp.
4432
~
44
37
IS
S
N:
20
88
-
8708
,
DOI: 10
.11
591/
ijece
.
v
8
i
6
.
pp
4432
-
44
37
4432
Journ
al h
om
e
page
:
http:
//
ia
es
core
.c
om/
journa
ls
/i
ndex.
ph
p/IJECE
Mobile T
owe
r Radiati
on and
Its I
mp
ac
ts o
n Chil
d Health:
a Study Cond
uct
ed in an
Eco
l
ogically
Sens
itive A
rea of
Weste
rn Ghats
Preml
al P. D
.
,
El
dho
se
N.
V.
Depa
rt
m
ent
o
f
E
le
c
troni
cs,
STA
S,
Maha
tma
Gan
dhi
Univer
si
t
y
R
egi
ona
l
Cen
tre,
I
ndia
Art
ic
le
In
f
o
ABSTR
A
CT
Art
ic
le
history:
Re
cei
ved
Sep
28
, 201
7
Re
vised
Ma
y
30
, 2
01
8
Accepte
d
J
un
13
, 201
8
The
eff
e
ct
of
m
obil
e
tower
r
adi
a
ti
on
on
chil
d
health
in
an
ec
olog
ic
a
lly
sensiti
ve
ar
ea
of
W
este
rn
Ghats
in
Idukki,
Kera
l
a
is
studie
d.
In
this
pape
r,
we
have
a
ttem
pte
d
to
discov
er
whethe
r
an
y
r
el
a
t
ion
exi
sts
b
et
w
ee
n
th
e
RF
exposure
and
the
hea
l
th
of
ch
il
dr
en
under
15
y
e
ar
s
old.
At
som
e
p
oint
of
pa
th
of
thi
s
work,
twenty
comm
on
disea
ses
were
cons
ide
red
.
From
our
ana
l
y
sis,
it
has
bee
n
discove
red
that
five
of
the
m
are
ve
r
y
m
uch
rel
a
te
d
to
RF
exposure
.
Furthermore,
the
age
group
bet
w
ee
n
t
en
to
fiftee
n
y
e
ars
is
m
ore
vulne
rab
le
t
o
m
obil
e
tower
ra
dia
ti
on
,
and
bo
ys
are
obs
erv
ed
t
o
be
m
ore
aff
ec
t
ed
th
an
g
i
rls
.
In
the
reg
ion
under
stud
y
,
exp
osure
le
vel
s
we
re
well
bel
ow
t
he
ICNIRP
rec
om
m
enda
ti
on
s
and
the
cur
r
ent
Indi
an
st
an
dar
ds.
How
eve
r
,
stil
l
i
t
is
ina
dequ
at
e
to
s
af
egua
rd
chi
ldr
en.
So
it
is
r
ec
om
m
ende
d
to
m
odif
y
t
he
cur
r
ent
India
n
st
anda
rd
of
RF
exposure
.
Ke
yw
or
d:
Ce
ll
tow
er
ra
diati
on
Chil
d healt
h
Power de
ns
it
y
Ra
diati
on
le
vel
RF ex
posure
Copyright
©
201
8
Instit
ut
e
o
f Ad
vanc
ed
Engi
n
ee
r
ing
and
S
cienc
e
.
Al
l
rights re
serv
ed
.
Corres
pond
in
g
Aut
h
or
:
Pr
em
la
l P.
D.
,
Dep
a
rt
m
ent o
f El
ect
ro
nics
, S
c
hool
of
Tech
no
log
y a
nd Ap
plied Scie
nces
,
Ma
hatm
a G
and
hi
U
niv
e
rsity
Regio
nal Centr
e,
Eda
pp
al
ly
, Ko
chi
-
24, Kerala
,
Ind
ia
.
Em
a
il
: pr
em
la
l
pd@
gm
ail.co
m
1.
INTROD
U
CTION
W
it
h
boom
in
cel
l
phone
c
omm
un
ic
at
ion
the
num
ber
of
cel
l
ph
on
e
towe
rs
getti
ng
in
sta
ll
ed
is
increasin
g
day
by
day
al
l
ov
er
the
w
or
l
d.
People
ha
ve
be
en
deb
at
in
g
t
he
il
l
eff
ect
s
of
ra
diati
on
on
hu
m
an,
bir
ds
an
d
ani
m
al
s
[1
]
-
[
5
]
.
The
ef
fects
can
be
cl
assifi
ed
as
sh
or
t
te
rm
therm
al
eff
ect
s
and
lo
ng
te
r
m
no
n
-
therm
al
eff
ect
s
[
6
]
.
T
her
m
al
eff
ect
s
are
sim
ilar
to
that
of
pr
i
nciple
use
d
i
n
m
ic
ro
wa
ve
ov
en.
B
ut
non
-
th
erm
a
l
eff
ect
s
a
re
not
well
de
fine
d.
Seve
ral
stu
dies
[
7
]
-
[
9
]
re
porte
d
th
at
no
n
-
t
herm
al
eff
ect
s
are
m
or
e
ha
rm
fu
l
tha
n
therm
al
eff
ect
s.
U
nfo
rtu
natel
y n
o un
i
ver
sal
sta
nd
a
r
d
e
xists to
pro
po
se
a m
or
e
sec
ur
e
r
est
ri
ct
[
6
]
.
Since
hu
m
an
body
c
on
sist
s
of
m
or
e
th
an
70%
of
li
quid
,
the
com
par
is
on
with
m
ic
ro
w
ave
ov
e
n
is
releva
nt.
Wh
e
n
the
body
is
expose
d
to
ra
di
at
ion
,
it
abs
orbs
a
par
t
of
t
he
RF
ene
rg
y,
wh
ic
h
will
hea
t
up
t
he
body
[
6
,
10
]
.
The
e
ff
ect
is
m
or
e
on
the
pa
rts
of
the
body
wh
ic
h
c
onta
in
m
or
e
li
quid
,
and
wh
e
re
t
he
flo
w
i
s
le
ss
li
ke
ey
es,
br
ai
n,
joints,
he
art,
a
bdom
en,
et
c.
[
6
]
.
M
ulti
ple
res
onanc
es
will
ta
ke
plac
e
in
th
e
body,
since
the
wa
ve
le
ngt
hs
of
m
ob
il
e
towe
r
ra
diati
on
s
are
com
patib
le
with
the
le
ngths
of
dif
fer
e
nt
pa
rts
of
the
body.
This
will
gen
e
rate
m
or
e
heat
and
boil
the
water
co
ntents
of
these
body
par
ts
an
d
as
a
resu
lt
the
funct
ion
s
of
li
ke
ey
es,
ears,
j
oin
ts,
bones
,
br
ai
n,
a
bdome
n
et
c
m
ay
aff
ect
ed.
Lo
ng
te
rm
RF
exp
osu
re
will
create
severe
pr
oble
m
s.
Un
f
or
t
un
at
el
y,
co
m
m
on
people
are
not
m
uch
awar
e
of
t
hese
pro
blem
s.
Sever
el
researc
he
r
s
acro
s
s
the
w
or
l
d
are
al
read
y
re
porte
d
the
har
m
fu
l
eff
ect
s
of
RF
r
adiat
ion
s
on
hum
an
body
[
7
]
,
[
8]
India
ha
s
been
adoptin
g
a
radi
at
ion
norm
of
470
m
W
/m
2
for
powe
r
de
nsi
ty
,
wh
ic
h
is
1/10th
of
the
reco
m
m
end
at
ion
by
ICNI
R
P.
H
ow
ever,
this
is
app
li
cable
for
a
sing
le
car
rier
fr
e
qu
e
ncy.
B
ut
in
I
nd
ia
,
t
owers
c
onta
in
m
ul
ti
pl
e
carriers
an
d
m
ulti
ple
operat
ors.
This
will
cu
m
ula
te
the
RF
expos
ur
e
ef
fec
ts.
Stu
dies
ac
r
os
s
t
he
wor
ld
a
lready
sh
ow
n
th
e ina
de
qu
aci
es
of th
e
I
CN
IRP sta
nd
ard
s
[1
3
]
-
[
1
6
].
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
In
t J
Elec
& C
om
p
Eng
IS
S
N:
20
88
-
8708
Mo
bile Tower
Ra
dia
ti
on
and Its I
mpacts
on
Chi
ld
Hea
lt
h:
a Stu
dy
C
ondu
ct
ed
in
…
(
Premlal P
.
D.
)
4433
Chil
dr
e
n
are
f
ound
to
be
m
or
e
a
ff
ect
e
d
by
the
RF
ex
posure
[1
7
]
,
[
1
8
]
.
This
is
be
cause
of
t
heir
sm
a
ll
er
head
,
t
hinner
bones
,
te
nd
e
r
s
kin
,
el
a
sti
c
ears,
m
or
e
reprod
ucin
g
c
el
ls
et
c.
So
the
r
adiat
io
n
pe
ne
trat
es
m
or
e
than
the
adu
lt
s.
O
ur
ai
m
is
to
analy
se
the
ab
ov
e
fact
s
wh
ic
h
will
e
nab
le
us
to
get
a
cl
ear
pictu
re
about
the
m
ob
il
e towe
r
rad
ia
ti
on expo
s
ure an
d
the h
eal
th trou
bles o
f
the ch
il
dren
. O
ur obser
vati
on
locati
on inc
lud
e
s
the
ecol
og
ic
al
l
y
sensiti
ve
are
as
of
the
West
ern
G
hats.
An
env
i
ronm
ental
researc
h
c
omm
issi
on
was
a
pp
oin
te
d
by
the
G
ov
e
r
nm
ent
of
Ind
ia
known
as
W
est
er
n
G
ha
ts
Ecolo
gy
Ex
per
t
Pa
nel
(
WGEEP
)
or
Gadgil
Com
m
issi
on
.
Abo
ut
67%
of
the
place
unde
rn
eat
h
the
W
es
te
rn
G
hats
wa
s
fou
nd
to
be
e
colo
gical
ly
sen
sit
ive,
and
c
on
st
ru
ct
i
on
works
in
the
res
pecti
ve
r
egio
n
wer
e
proh
i
bited
[
1
9
]
.
More
tha
n
20
00
m
ob
il
e
towe
rs
are
al
read
y
in
sta
ll
ed
in
the
ab
ove
no
ti
fie
d
reg
i
on
in
Idu
kk
i
distr
ic
t
of
Ke
rala
st
at
e.
O
ur
stu
dy
confirm
s
the
ef
fects
of
R
F
ex
pos
ure
on
fi
ve
ou
t
of
the
t
wen
ty
m
ajor
diseases
a
m
on
g
child
re
n
in
the
noti
fied
area.
Sect
i
on
2
of
this
pap
e
r
discuss
e
s
the
m
et
ho
do
l
og
y
a
dopte
d
in
this
work.
S
ect
ion
3
ex
plains
the
res
ults
and
finall
y
sec
ti
on
4
con
cl
ud
e
s the
s
tud
y.
2.
METHO
D
OL
OGY
The
ge
ogra
phic
al
locat
ion
of
our
stu
dy
co
nsi
sts
of
f
our
vill
ages
of
U
dum
pu
m
cho
la
ta
l
uk
i
n
I
dukki
.
This
belo
ng
s
to
the
ec
ol
og
ic
al
ly
sensiti
ve
zon
e
as
per
t
he
Ga
dg
il
Com
m
issi
on
re
port
[1
9
]
.
Our
pr
i
m
ary
intenti
on
is
to
stud
y
wh
et
he
r
or
no
t
a
ny
r
el
at
ion
exists
bet
wee
n
the
c
el
l
tower
rad
ia
ti
on
a
nd
t
he
he
al
th
of
childre
n.
We
di
vid
ed
the
e
xa
m
inati
on
area
into
tw
o;
Highly
Exp
ose
d
Z
one
(H
EZ
),
w
hic
h
is
the
area
w
it
hin
a
rad
i
us
of
30
0
m
et
res
of
any
cel
l
tower
an
d
Ra
diati
on
F
re
e
Zo
ne
(RFZ
)
at
a
distanc
e
m
or
e
than
300
m
e
tre
s
from
an
y ce
ll
t
ow
e
r.
Powe
r
de
ns
it
y, el
ect
ric fiel
d
inte
ns
it
y and m
agn
et
ic
f
ie
ld intensiti
es
wer
e m
easur
e
d an
d a
su
r
vey
was
c
onduct
ed
i
n
m
or
e
than
60
hous
es
to
fin
d
ou
t
t
he
ef
fects
of
c
hildr
e
n’s
healt
h.
Stat
ist
ic
al
tests
hav
e
been
c
onduct
e
d
to
co
nclu
de
th
e
assessm
ent
s.
The
de
vice
us
e
d
for
m
eas
ur
i
ng
the
e
xposure
par
am
et
ers
was
MEC
O’
s
9720
three
a
xes ra
diati
on
m
et
re.
3.
RESU
LT
S
A
ND
DI
SCUS
S
ION
Twe
nty
diseases
wer
e
e
xam
i
ned
t
o
disc
ov
e
r
if
any
relat
io
n
exists
bet
we
en
any
one
of
them
and
the
RF
ex
po
s
ure
le
vels.
O
ur
obs
erv
at
io
n
is
tha
t
five
of
them
def
i
nitel
y
hav
e
so
m
e
con
nect
ion
with
the
m
ob
il
e
towe
r
e
xposure
.
3.1.
Bone
Wea
kne
ss
It
is
f
ound
tha
t
18
%
of
the
childre
n
in
ou
r
sur
vey
we
re
fou
nd
t
o
be
aff
ect
ed
by
bone
weak
e
ns.
The
a
ge
wise
c
om
par
ison
is
s
how
n
in
the
Fi
g
ure
1.
F
ro
m
Fig
ure
1
it
is
cl
e
ar
that
t
he
a
ge
gro
up
10
–
15
is
m
or
e
aff
e
ct
ed
.
I
n
ge
nd
e
r
wise
a
nal
ysi
s,
70
%
o
f
the
suff
ere
rs
ar
e
bo
ys
a
nd
30
%
are
f
ro
m
girls
cat
egory.
I
n
zo
ne
wise analy
sis, it
h
as b
ee
n fou
nd that ap
pro
xim
at
ely 9
0
% of
the v
ic
tim
s
are f
ro
m
H
EZ and
only
ab
out 1
0
% are
from
RFZ
. Our co
nclusi
on is that t
he 8
0
%
hi
ke fo
und i
n
t
he
H
EZ
is
becau
s
e of the
m
ob
il
e tow
e
r radiat
io
n.
Figure
1
.
A
ge gr
oup com
par
ison
–
bone
w
ea
kn
e
ss
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IS
S
N
:
2088
-
87
08
In
t J
Elec
&
C
om
p
En
g,
V
ol.
8
, N
o.
6
,
Dece
m
ber
201
8
:
443
2
-
4437
4434
3.2.
Headache
s
26
%
of
t
he
c
hildr
e
n
in
our
s
urvey
a
re
fou
nd
to
be
s
uffer
i
ng
from
fr
eq
uent
head
ac
hes
.
T
he
resu
lt
of
age w
ise
com
pa
rison
is
as
sho
wn
in
t
he
Fi
g
ure
2.
Her
e
al
so
the
age
gr
oup
f
ro
m
10
t
o
15
is
m
or
e
aff
ect
e
d.
In
a
gende
r
wise
a
na
ly
sis,
girls
are
found
to
be
th
e
m
a
j
or
victim
s
of
headac
hes
(57.14
%)
wh
e
reas
boys
co
nst
it
ute
on
ly
42.
86
%
.
I
n
the case o
f
he
adach
e
s,
85.
71
% of the af
fe
c
te
d
are f
r
om
HEZ
an
d
only
1
4.2
9
% are from
RF
Z.
It is evi
den
t
th
at
the 71.4
2
% i
ncr
ease
in hea
dach
e
s is ca
us
e
d by ex
pos
ur
e t
o
cel
l t
ower
r
a
diati
on
s
.
Figure
2
.
A
ge gr
oup com
par
ison
–
hea
dach
es
3.3.
Rh
eum
ati
c P
ai
n
Appro
xim
at
e
ly
12
%
of
the
c
hildr
e
n
un
der
our
stu
dy
are
aff
ect
ed
by
rheum
atic
relat
e
d
join
pai
n.
The
age
wise c
om
par
ison
is a
s sh
ow
n
in Fig
ure
3.
T
he
10
-
15
a
ge
gr
oup
is t
he
m
ajo
r
vic
tim
o
f
rh
eum
at
ic
p
ai
n.
In
a
gender
wi
se
analy
sis,
bo
ys
are
fou
nd
t
o
be
the
m
os
t
aff
ect
ed
(78
.81
%),
w
hile
only
14.29%
of
gir
ls
are
aff
ect
ed
.
E
xposure
wise
com
par
is
on
s
hows
that
85.
71%
is
from
HEZ
an
d
only
14.
29%
f
ro
m
RFZ.
Here
al
s
o
cel
l t
ow
er
exp
os
ure is
the m
ajor
ca
us
e.
Figure
3
.
A
ge gr
ou
p com
par
ison
–
rh
e
um
at
ic
pain
3.4.
Slee
p
Dis
orde
rs
Abo
ut
22%
of the
c
hildr
e
n
a
r
e
f
ound
to
be
t
or
m
ented
by
sl
eep d
iso
rders.
Th
e Fig
ure
4
s
hows
the
a
ge
wise
com
par
ison.
A
bout
58.
33%
of
the
vi
ct
i
m
s
are
bo
ys
and
41.67%
are
girls.
In
z
on
e
wise
com
par
is
on
,
83.33%
a
re
f
r
om
HEZ
an
d
only
16
.
17%
f
rom
RFZ.
This
de
finite
ly
sh
ows
that
the
va
riab
le
wh
ic
h
cau
se
s
the
disti
nction i
s
nothin
g b
ut RF
expos
ur
e
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
In
t J
Elec
& C
om
p
Eng
IS
S
N:
20
88
-
8708
Mo
bile Tower
Ra
dia
ti
on
and Its I
mpacts
on
Chi
ld
Hea
lt
h:
a Stu
dy
C
ondu
ct
ed
in
…
(
Premlal P
.
D.
)
4435
Figure
4
.
A
ge gr
oup com
par
ison
–
sle
e
p d
iso
rd
e
r
3.5.
Hearin
g
Pr
ob
l
ems
Abo
ut
10%
of
the
child
re
n
are
s
uffer
in
g
f
ro
m
hear
in
g
pro
blem
s,
of
w
hich
58.
11
%
a
re
boys
a
nd
41.89
%
are
gir
ls.
The
age
wi
se
com
par
ison
is
as
sh
own
in
Fig
ur
e
5.
Th
e
zon
e
wise
c
om
par
ison
sho
ws
that
75.73%
a
re
from
HEZ
an
d
24.
27%
are
from
RFZ.
H
ere
al
so
cel
l
towe
r
e
xposu
re
is
f
ound
to
be
the
pr
e
dom
inant r
e
aso
n.
Figure
5
.
A
ge
gro
up co
m
par
ison
–
hear
i
ng pr
ob
le
m
s
3.6.
Discussio
n
In
our
work,
we
m
easur
e
d
the
inte
ns
it
ie
s
of
el
ect
ric,
m
agn
et
ic
fiel
ds
an
d
t
he
pow
er
densi
ty
of
el
ect
ro
m
agn
et
ic
fiel
d
from
the
resi
den
ce
s
w
it
h
the
help
of
MEC
O’
s
97
20
rad
ia
ti
on
m
et
re
(3
axes
).
Stat
ist
ic
al
te
sts
(T
–
te
st,
Leve
ne'
s
Test
for
E
qu
al
it
y
of
Va
riances
)
a
re
co
nducte
d
t
o
fi
nd
out
the
resu
lt
s.
The
Table
1
exp
la
in
s
the
m
ean
ex
posure
va
lues
co
ncerni
ng
the
s
uffer
e
r
s
of
the
ab
ove
m
entioned
d
ise
ase
s
and
the
st
and
a
r
d
dev
ia
ti
ons
cal
c
ulate
d from
the test
s.
The
Ta
ble
1
s
hows
t
hat
the
child
ren
stric
ken
by
t
he
a
bove
disease
s
a
re
faci
ng
hi
gher
ra
diati
on
expos
ur
e
tha
n
the
no
rm
al
on
e.
Stan
da
rd
de
vi
at
ion
s
of
E
(el
ect
ric
fiel
d
i
ntensity
),
H
(m
agn
et
ic
fiel
d
i
nte
ns
it
y)
and
P
(
p
ow
e
r
densi
ty
)
reg
ar
di
ng
the
ab
ov
e
five
diseases
a
re
fou
nd
to
be
ver
y
high.
Th
ough
the
value
s
are
well
und
e
r
t
he ICNIR
P a
nd In
dian st
an
dards, t
hey are
foun
d t
o be
ver
y
harm
fu
l t
o
child
re
n unde
r 15.
Be
fore
le
avi
ng
this
discuss
i
on,
we
c
an
rec
ol
le
ct
so
m
e
of
th
e
key
fi
nd
i
ngs
of
this
w
ork
.
O
ur
stu
dy
strongly
c
onform
s
the
eff
ect
o
f
RF
ex
pos
ure
on
child
heal
th.
Af
te
r
t
he
a
na
ly
sis,
our
asce
rtai
nm
ent
is
that,
five
diseases
hav
e
strong
c
onne
ct
ion
s
with
cel
l
towe
r
ex
posur
e.
The
disease
s
are,
bone
we
akn
e
ss,
head
a
ches,
rh
e
um
at
ic
pain,
sle
ep
disorde
r
s
and
hea
rin
g
pro
blem
s.
The
m
ajo
r
diff
e
ren
t
ia
ti
on
of
ou
r
w
ork
w
hen
c
ompare
d
with
the
stu
die
s
of
oth
er
rese
arch
e
rs
is
that,
we
ex
plo
it
ed
t
he
ad
va
ntages
of
the
MEC
O’s
three
axe
s
ra
diati
on
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IS
S
N
:
2088
-
87
08
In
t J
Elec
&
C
om
p
En
g,
V
ol.
8
, N
o.
6
,
Dece
m
ber
201
8
:
443
2
-
4437
4436
m
et
er.
Su
ch
a
com
pr
ehe
ns
ive
stud
y
cond
uc
t
ed
in
an
eccol
og
ic
al
y
sensiti
ve
district
is
fo
r
the
fi
rst
tim
e.
W
e
hav
e
al
rea
dy
cond
ucted
a
ge
ne
ral
stu
dy
in
I
dukki
district
of
Ker
al
a
for
fin
ding
the
e
ff
e
ct
s
of
RF
ra
diati
on
s
on
hu
m
an
[
16]
. Our cu
rr
e
nt stu
dy
co
nce
ntrates
on the
key
fin
di
ng
s
of that
w
ork
.
Table
1
.
Me
a
n
Ex
po
s
ure
Valu
es
an
d
t
heir
Co
rr
es
pondin
g St
and
a
r
d Dev
ia
ti
on
s
Diseas
e
E
(
m
V/
m
)
Std
.Deviatio
n
H
(
A/
m
)
Std
.Deviatio
n
P
(
W
/
m
2
)
Std
.Deviatio
n
Bo
n
e
weakn
ess
4
0
6
.485
2
0
3
.816
4
6
1
.736
2
3
2
.187
3
1
6
.926
3
8
1
.354
Headach
es
2
0
9
.219
2
2
4
.211
2
9
7
.309
2
5
9
.227
2
8
9
.989
2
7
7
.866
Rh
eu
m
ati
c
p
ain
3
5
6
.709
2
7
3
.360
4
2
5
.905
2
8
3
.941
4
1
0
.281
2
9
7
.251
Sleep
d
iso
rders
4
0
3
.422
1
9
2
.370
4
8
2
.480
2
7
6
.207
4
5
4
.386
3
0
5
.603
Hear
in
g
p
rob
le
m
s
3
1
7
.370
2
7
1
.459
3
4
8
.713
2
5
0
.181
3
4
0
.436
2
7
3
.812
4.
CONCL
US
I
O
N
The
e
ff
ect
s
of
RF
ex
posure
on
the
healt
h
of
childre
n
unde
r
15
ye
ars
ha
d
be
en
e
xam
ined.
Five
ou
t
of
the
twe
nty
dise
ases
co
ns
i
der
e
d
a
re
f
ound
t
o
be
cl
ose
ly
relat
ed
to
the
R
F
e
xposure
.
T
he
s
tud
y
was
ca
rr
i
ed
out
in
area
s
at
t
he
high
ranges
of
I
dukki
district
w
hich
we
re
i
den
ti
fie
d
as
ec
ologica
ll
y
sens
it
ive
by
the
W
est
ern
Gh
at
s
Ec
ology
Ex
pe
rt
Pa
nel
(
WGEEP
).
Fro
m
ou
r
st
ud
y,
it
has
be
en
f
ound
t
hat
m
ob
il
e
towe
r
ra
diati
on
is
th
e
pr
im
ary
reason
for
the
five
di
seases
su
c
h
as
bone
wea
kn
ess
,
hea
dac
hes,
rheum
atic
pain,
sle
ep
dis
ord
e
rs
and
hear
i
ng
pro
blem
s
fo
un
d
in
c
hildr
e
n.
It
is
al
so
noti
ced
that
10
to
15
age
gro
up
is
m
or
e
aff
ect
ed
.
T
he
r
easo
n
m
ay
be
lo
ng
te
rm
exp
osu
re
since
al
l
the
t
ow
e
rs
e
xam
ined
wer
e
instal
le
d
at
le
ast
te
n
ye
ars
back.
A
no
t
he
r
infer
e
nce
is
th
at
bo
ys
are
m
or
e
af
fe
ct
ed
tha
n
girls
.
Th
e
re
aso
n
sho
uld
be
m
edical
ly
exam
ined.
T
he
ex
po
s
ure
le
vels
are
fou
nd
to
be
within
the
lim
it
s
pr
escribe
d
by
IC
NI
RP
a
nd
the
y
conform
to
In
dia
n
Sta
nd
a
r
ds
.
B
ut
even
the
n
the
expos
ur
e
is
f
ound
t
o
be
haz
ard
s
to
c
hild
re
n.
So
the
c
urr
ent
ex
pos
ur
e
s
ta
nd
a
rd
s
nee
d
to
be
m
od
ifie
d.
ACKN
OWLE
DGME
NT
Au
t
hors
are
t
ha
nkf
ul
to
Dr.
Har
ees
h
N
.
Ram
anathan,
Profess
or
an
d
he
ad
at
Toc
H
In
sti
tute
of
Ma
nag
em
ent
Stud
ie
s,
K
och
i
f
or
his
val
uab
le
help
in
c
ondu
ct
ing
the
sta
ti
sti
cal
te
sts.
First
auth
or
is
tha
nk
fu
l
t
o
U
GC,
Go
vern
m
ent o
f
Ind
ia
for p
rovidi
ng a
researc
h fell
owship u
nder t
he FDP
sch
em
e.
REFERE
NCE
S
[1]
I.
Alsae
ed
et.al.
“
Autism
-
rel
evant
social
abnor
m
al
it
ie
s
in
m
ic
e
expose
d
per
inatal
l
y
to
ex
tre
m
e
l
y
low
fre
qu
en
c
y
el
e
ct
rom
agne
t
ic
fie
lds”
,
In
t
J De
v
Neurosci
,
vol
.
37,
pp
.
58
–
64
,
O
ct
.
2014.
[2]
Y.
H.
B
y
un,
“
Mobile
phone
us
e
,
blood
l
ea
d
le
v
el
s,
and
at
t
ent
io
n
def
i
ci
t
h
y
per
a
ct
ivit
y
s
y
m
ptom
s
in
ch
il
dre
n
:
a
longi
tudi
n
al stud
y
”
,
PLoS
On
e , vol.
8
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pp
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G.
Courea
u,
“
Mobile
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bra
in
tumours
in
the
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T
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se
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control
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m
ori
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Hall
ber
g
,
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The
Urban
Dec
li
n
e
of
the
Hous
e
Sparrow
(Pass
er
d
om
esti
cus):
AP
o
ss
ibl
e
Li
nk
wit
h
El
e
ct
rom
agne
t
ic
Radi
ation
”
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tromagn
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[5]
Md
Kam
al
Ho
sain,
Ms
t
Fate
ha
Sam
ad
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amm
ed
Sa
m
sud
doha
Alam,
“
Eff
ec
ts
of
el
ectrom
agne
t
ic
fields
on
m
am
m
al
ia
n
c
e
ll
s
”
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In
t
J
Elec
tr
ic and Com
p
Eng,
v
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2
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2
67
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Apr.
20
12.
[6]
G.
Kum
ar,
“
R
epor
t
on
c
el
l
tower
rad
iation”,
El
e
c
tri
c
al
Eng
ineeri
n
g
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rtment
,
II
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y
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pp.
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-
22
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Dec
.
2010.
[7]
Nor
Adibah
Ibra
him,
Tha
r
ek
A
bd.
Rahman
and
Olakunl
e
El
i
ja
h
,
“
Rec
ent
tre
nd
in
elec
tromagn
etic
rad
ia
t
ion
and
complia
nc
e
asse
ss
m
ent
s
for
5G
comm
unic
at
ion”
,
Int
J
E
lectr
i
c
a
nd
Com
p
Eng,
vol.
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,
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918,
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2017.
[8]
R.
S.S.A.
Kadir
,
Zuna
ir
ah
Hj
Murat
and
Nurul
Iz
za
t
i
Nadia
h
Binti
Md
Suhaimi,
“E
lectr
om
agne
t
ic
rad
ia
t
ion
(EMR)
of
hum
an
body
bef
ore
and
after
joggi
ng”
,
Indone
sian
J
El
ec
tric
E
ng
and
Com
p
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9,
no.
3
,
pp.
643
-
649,
Mar.
2018.
[9]
A.
Jess
ic
a
Ada
m
s
et
.
al,
“
Eff
ec
t
of
m
obil
e
telep
hones
on
sperm
qual
i
t
y
:
A
s
y
st
emati
c
rev
i
ew
a
nd
m
et
a
-
an
aly
si
s”
,
Envi
ronm
ent
In
t
ern
ational
,
vo
l. 7
0,
pp
.
106
-
112
,
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2014
.
[10]
C.
Jam
es
Li
n
a
nd
M.
Sol
Micha
el
son,
B
iol
ogi
c
al
Eff
ec
ts
and
Hea
lt
h
Im
plicati
ons
of
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ofre
quency
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ia
t
io
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Springer
sci
ence
business m
edi
a
,
LL
C
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.
[11]
K.
R.
Fos
te
r,
"T
h
ermal
and
nonthe
rm
al
m
ec
han
ism
s
of
int
era
c
t
ion
of
rad
io
-
fre
quency
energ
y
with
biol
ogi
cal
s
y
stems
"
,
IE
EE
Tra
nsac
ti
ons on
Plasm
a
Scie
nc
e,
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3,
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.
2000
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842
819
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
In
t J
Elec
& C
om
p
Eng
IS
S
N:
20
88
-
8708
Mo
bile Tower
Ra
dia
ti
on
and Its I
mpacts
on
Chi
ld
Hea
lt
h:
a Stu
dy
C
ondu
ct
ed
in
…
(
Premlal P
.
D.
)
4437
[12]
Inte
rna
ti
ona
l
Com
m
issio
n
on
Non
-
Ioniz
ing
R
adi
a
ti
o
n
Prot
ec
t
ion,
“
ICNIRP
Guidel
i
nes
”
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htt
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ei.i
e/
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T.
Campi,
S.
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an
i,
V.
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nti
s
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n
i,
"EMF
Safe
t
y
and
Th
ermal
As
pec
ts
in
a
Pace
m
ake
r
Equ
ipp
ed
W
it
h
a
W
ire
l
ess
Pow
er
Tra
nsfer
S
y
stem
W
orkin
g
at
Low
Freque
nc
y
"
,
I
EEE
Tr
a
nsac
ti
ons
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Mi
cro
wave
The
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y
and
T
ec
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es,
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2016
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R.
Boss
har
d,
U.
Irure
t
ago
y
ena
a
nd
J.
W
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Kolar
,
"Com
pre
hensive
Evaluation
of
Rec
t
angul
ar
and
Double
-
D
Coil
Geom
et
r
y
for
5
0
kW
/85
kHz
IP
T
S
y
st
em"
,
IE
E
E
Journal
of
Emerging
and
Sel
e
ct
ed
Topics
in
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er
Elec
t
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,
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1415,
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c
2016
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[15]
Le
-
Giang
Tr
an,
H
y
ouk
-
K
y
u
Cha
,
W
oo
-
Tae
Park
,
“
RF
power
har
vesti
ng:
a
rev
iew
on
designi
ng
m
et
hodologi
es
a
nd
appl
i
ca
t
ions”
,
Micro and
Nano
Sy
stems
L
et
t
ers,
v
ol.
5
:
14
,
pp
.
1
-
1
6,
Feb
.
2017
.
[16]
P.D.
Prem
la
l
an
d
N.V.
El
dhose
,
“
Mobile
tower
r
adi
a
ti
on
-
an
assesm
ent
of
rad
i
atio
n
le
v
el
and
it
s
h
e
al
th
implicati
ons
in
the
resid
ent
i
al
areas
of
W
este
r
n
G
hat
s
in
Idukk
i,
Ker
ala
”
,
Int
J
Applie
d
Eng
Re
s,
vol.
12,
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,
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9548
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955
4
,
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2017.
[17]
K.R.
Fos
te
r
and
C.
K.
Chou
,
"R
esponse
to
“
Chi
ldre
n
Abs
orb
Hi
gher
Dos
es
of
Radi
o
Freque
nc
y
El
e
ct
rom
agnet
ic
Radi
ation
From
Mobile
Phones
Tha
n
Adults”
an
d
“
Yes
the
Chil
dre
n
Are
More
Exposed
to
Radi
ofre
quency
En
er
g
y
From
Mo
bil
e
Te
le
ph
on
es
Tha
n
Adults”
"
,
IEE
E
Acc
es
s,
vol.
4,
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5322
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oi:
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.
[18]
Mar
y
Redma
y
n
e,
“
Inte
rna
ti
ona
l
poli
c
y
and
adv
isor
y
response
r
ega
rding
ch
il
dr
e
n’s
exposure
to
rad
io
fre
quen
c
y
el
e
ct
rom
agne
t
ic
fie
lds (
RF
-
EMF)
”
,
Elec
tromagn
et
ic
B
iol
og
y
and M
edi
ci
n
e. vol
.
3
5,
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176
-
185,
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.
[19]
Report
of
th
e
W
este
rn
Ghats
Ecolog
y
Expe
r
t
Pa
nel
Part
I,
Subm
it
te
d
to
Th
e
Min
ist
r
y
of
Envi
r
on
m
ent
and
Forest
s,
Governm
ent
of
I
ndia
,
Aug.
2011
.
htt
p:
//
ww
w.m
oef
.
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n/downlo
a
ds/publi
c
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rm
at
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23052
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