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n
t
,
s
t
e
p
v
o
l
t
a
g
e
,
t
o
u
c
h
v
o
l
t
a
g
e
s
a
n
d
e
a
r
t
h
p
o
t
e
n
t
i
a
l
r
i
s
e
a
r
e
k
e
p
t
b
e
l
o
w
a
s
a
f
e
l
i
m
i
t
.
T
h
u
s
,
t
h
i
s
m
ay
o
c
c
u
r
a
c
h
a
n
g
e
i
n
s
o
il
ch
ar
ac
te
r
is
t
ics
(
m
o
is
t
u
r
e,
p
H,
an
d
o
r
g
an
ics),
co
r
r
o
s
io
n
,
ac
ce
ler
ated
ag
in
g
f
r
o
m
li
g
h
tn
i
n
g
an
d
ea
r
th
cu
r
r
en
t
[
6
-
1
2
]
.
A
s
a
n
o
v
el
s
o
lu
tio
n
to
th
e
s
e
p
r
o
b
lem
s
,
n
an
o
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
s
o
il
h
a
s
ai
m
ed
to
b
o
th
in
cr
ea
s
e
s
o
il
co
n
d
u
cti
v
it
y
a
n
d
r
ed
u
ce
c
o
r
r
o
s
io
n
.
T
h
is
p
ap
er
p
r
esen
ted
t
h
e
e
f
f
ec
t
o
f
n
an
o
p
ar
ticles
in
ch
ar
ac
ter
izatio
n
o
f
s
o
il
ea
r
th
i
n
g
s
y
s
te
m
an
d
an
a
l
y
s
is
t
h
e
g
r
o
u
n
d
r
esis
ta
n
ce
f
o
r
n
e
w
n
an
o
tec
h
n
o
lo
g
y
ea
r
t
h
i
n
g
s
y
s
te
m
f
o
r
r
ed
u
cin
g
g
r
o
u
n
d
r
es
is
ta
n
ce
t
h
e
n
en
h
a
n
c
in
g
g
r
o
u
n
d
p
o
ten
tia
l
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
.
T
h
u
s
,
it
h
as
b
ee
n
o
b
v
io
u
s
th
e
p
r
o
g
r
es
s
iv
e
in
ea
r
th
in
g
s
y
s
te
m
s
o
f
elec
tr
ical
p
o
w
er
s
y
s
te
m
s
b
y
u
s
i
n
g
n
a
n
o
p
ar
ticles
in
v
ar
ian
t
s
o
ils
;
i
t
is
p
r
esen
ted
n
e
w
cr
ea
tio
n
b
ased
o
n
n
a
n
o
p
ar
ticles
tech
n
iq
u
e
in
o
r
d
er
to
d
esig
n
n
e
w
e
n
h
a
n
ce
m
e
n
t
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
o
f
elec
tr
ica
l
p
o
w
er
s
u
b
s
ta
tio
n
.
2.
G
RO
UND
I
N
G
SY
ST
E
M
T
h
e
r
ea
s
o
n
f
o
r
ea
r
th
i
n
g
i
n
a
n
elec
tr
ic
p
o
w
er
s
y
s
te
m
i
s
to
li
m
it,
co
n
ce
r
n
i
n
g
t
h
e
g
e
n
er
al
m
ass
o
f
ea
r
t
h
,
th
e
ca
p
ab
ilit
y
o
f
cu
r
r
en
t
f
lo
w
co
n
d
u
cto
r
s
,
w
h
ich
ar
e
a
p
ie
ce
o
f
th
e
eq
u
ip
m
e
n
t,
n
o
n
-
cu
r
r
en
t
ca
r
r
y
i
n
g
m
eta
l
w
o
r
k
s
,
ac
ce
s
s
o
r
ies
w
it
h
t
h
e
eq
u
ip
m
e
n
t,
m
ec
h
an
ic
al
as
s
e
m
b
l
y
an
d
ap
p
lian
ce
s
co
n
n
e
cted
to
th
e
s
y
s
te
m
f
r
a
m
e
w
o
r
k
.
I
t
is
also
n
ec
ess
ar
y
to
m
ai
n
tain
ed
ea
r
th
in
g
p
r
o
p
er
l
y
o
f
all
elec
tr
ical
in
s
tallati
o
n
.
T
h
u
s
,
th
er
e
ar
e
t
w
o
t
y
p
es
o
f
th
e
ea
r
th
in
g
s
y
s
te
m
s
w
h
ich
ar
e
u
s
i
n
g
elec
tr
o
d
es
o
r
g
r
id
s
s
y
s
te
m
s
.
I
n
th
i
s
s
ec
tio
n
,
Na
n
o
-
T
ec
h
ea
r
th
in
g
s
y
s
te
m
f
o
llo
w
ed
af
t
er
th
e
tr
ad
itio
n
al
ea
r
th
i
n
g
s
y
s
te
m
m
o
d
els
to
e
x
p
lai
n
t
h
e
r
elatio
n
b
et
w
ee
n
r
esis
ta
n
ce
an
d
len
g
th
o
f
g
r
o
u
n
d
in
g
s
y
s
te
m
s
an
d
t
h
e
i
m
p
o
r
tan
ce
o
f
n
a
n
o
p
ar
ticles
in
Na
n
o
-
T
ec
h
g
r
o
u
n
d
in
g
s
y
s
te
m
s
.
I
n
t
h
e
p
ast,
th
e
s
o
il
w
a
s
tr
ea
ted
w
i
th
s
alt
an
d
co
al
th
er
e
i
s
s
alt
a
n
d
co
al
to
h
elp
r
ed
u
ce
th
e
s
o
il
r
esis
ti
v
it
y
t
h
at
th
e
r
o
d
s
o
r
t
h
e
g
r
id
s
ar
e
b
u
r
ied
d
o
w
n
,
w
h
ate
v
er
,
th
is
r
e
s
ea
r
ch
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
o
f
n
an
o
p
ar
ticles i
n
t
h
e
s
o
il h
a
s
b
ee
n
co
n
tr
o
lled
in
s
o
il r
esi
s
ti
v
it
y
th
e
n
a
f
f
ec
ted
o
n
g
r
o
u
n
d
in
g
s
y
s
te
m
r
esi
s
tan
ce
.
2
.
1
.
P
ro
ble
m
o
f
t
ra
ditio
na
l g
ro
un
din
g
s
y
s
t
e
m
s
So
ils
m
ad
e
u
p
o
f
g
r
a
v
el,
s
a
n
d
o
r
s
to
n
e
h
a
v
e
t
h
e
h
i
g
h
e
s
t
s
o
il
r
esis
ti
v
it
y
th
at
p
r
esen
t
a
b
i
g
p
r
o
b
lem
i
n
in
s
ta
llatio
n
ea
r
t
h
in
g
s
y
s
te
m
o
f
elec
tr
ical
p
o
w
er
s
u
b
s
tatio
n
s
in
th
e
m
.
Mo
is
t
u
r
e
co
n
te
n
t,
te
m
p
er
at
u
r
e
an
d
s
alt
s
also
af
f
ec
t
s
o
il
r
esis
ti
v
it
y
.
Gr
an
ite,
m
i
lls
to
n
e,
an
d
all
r
o
ck
f
o
r
m
atio
n
s
f
o
u
n
d
in
s
ite
ar
ea
an
d
all
ty
p
es
o
f
r
o
ck
h
av
e
a
h
i
g
h
elec
tr
ical
r
esi
s
tiv
it
y
-
a
r
ea
l
h
ea
d
ac
h
e
w
h
e
n
d
es
ig
n
in
g
/i
n
s
talli
n
g
a
h
i
g
h
v
o
lta
g
e
a
n
d
lo
w
v
o
lta
g
e
elec
tr
ical
ea
r
th
i
n
g
s
y
s
t
e
m
s
.
T
h
u
s
,
t
h
e
s
o
il
r
es
is
ti
v
it
y
is
a
m
ea
s
u
r
e
o
f
h
o
w
m
u
ch
th
e
s
o
il
r
esis
ts
o
r
co
n
d
u
cts
e
l
e
c
t
r
i
c
c
u
r
r
e
n
t
.
I
t
i
s
a
c
r
i
t
i
c
a
l
f
a
c
t
o
r
i
n
d
e
s
i
g
n
o
f
s
y
s
t
em
s
t
h
a
t
r
e
l
y
o
n
p
a
s
s
i
n
g
c
u
r
r
e
n
t
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
t
h
e
e
a
r
t
h
'
s
s
u
r
f
a
c
e
.
T
h
e
g
r
o
u
n
d
i
n
g
e
l
e
c
t
r
o
d
e
s
p
r
o
v
i
d
e
t
h
e
e
s
s
e
n
t
i
a
l
f
u
n
c
t
i
o
n
o
f
c
o
n
n
e
c
t
i
n
g
t
h
e
e
l
e
c
t
r
i
c
a
l
s
y
s
te
m
to
th
e
ea
r
th
.
T
h
e
ea
r
th
is
co
n
s
id
er
ed
to
b
e
at
ze
r
o
p
o
ten
tial.
T
h
e
p
r
i
m
ar
y
p
u
r
p
o
s
e
o
f
th
e
g
r
o
u
n
d
in
g
elec
tr
o
d
e
is
to
m
ai
n
tai
n
t
h
e
elec
tr
ical
eq
u
ip
m
en
t
at
t
h
e
e
ar
th
p
o
ten
tial
p
r
esen
t
at
t
h
e
g
r
o
u
n
d
i
n
g
elec
tr
o
d
e.
I
n
ad
d
it
io
n
,
th
e
p
u
r
p
o
s
e
o
f
g
r
o
u
n
d
i
n
g
g
r
id
is
to
s
er
v
e
t
h
e
d
u
al
p
u
r
p
o
s
e
o
f
ca
r
r
y
i
n
g
c
u
r
r
e
n
ts
i
n
to
t
h
e
ea
r
th
w
ith
o
u
t e
x
ce
ed
in
g
t
h
e
o
p
er
atin
g
to
ler
an
ce
s
o
f
an
y
p
r
o
tecte
d
eq
u
ip
m
e
n
t
w
h
ile
as
s
u
r
i
n
g
th
at
p
er
s
o
n
n
el
i
n
th
e
v
ici
n
it
y
ar
e
n
o
t
e
x
p
o
s
ed
to
elec
tr
ic
s
h
o
ck
a
s
w
o
u
ld
r
es
u
lt
f
r
o
m
e
x
ce
s
s
iv
e
s
tep
o
r
to
u
ch
p
o
ten
ti
als.
C
o
n
s
id
er
in
g
r
esis
tiv
it
y
o
f
s
o
il
an
d
len
g
t
h
an
d
d
ia
m
eter
o
f
th
e
r
o
d
f
o
llo
w
i
n
g
(
1
)
s
h
o
w
t
h
e
r
elatio
n
b
et
w
ee
n
r
esis
ta
n
ce
an
d
len
g
t
h
o
f
o
n
e
r
o
d
[
1
,
3,
1
3
]
,
=
2
[
l
og
(
8
)
−
1
]
(
1
)
I
n
ca
s
e
o
f
t
w
o
r
o
d
s
s
et
in
s
er
i
es,
t
w
o
o
p
tio
n
ar
e
a
v
ailab
le
wh
en
s
p
ac
i
n
g
b
et
w
ee
n
r
o
d
s
is
g
r
ea
ter
th
a
n
len
g
th
o
f
th
e
r
o
d
as in
(
2
)
,
w
h
atev
er
,
w
h
e
n
s
p
ac
in
g
b
et
w
ee
n
r
o
d
s
is
s
m
aller
t
h
an
le
n
g
t
h
o
f
t
h
e
r
o
d
as in
(
3
):
=
4
[
lo
g
(
8
)
−
1
]
+
4
[
1
−
2
3
2
]
(
2
)
=
4
[
l
og
(
32
2
)
−
2
+
3
−
2
16
2
]
(
3
)
w
h
er
e:
:
is
th
e
r
esi
s
ti
v
it
y
o
f
s
o
il,
i
n
o
h
m
m
e
ter
(
Ω
.
m
)
L
:
is
th
e
le
n
g
th
o
f
r
ein
f
o
r
cin
g
r
o
d
b
elo
w
g
r
o
u
n
d
le
v
el,
in
m
eter
(
m
)
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J
E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
I
SS
N:
2
0
8
8
-
8708
I
n
n
o
v
a
tive
ea
r
th
in
g
s
ystems
fo
r
elec
tr
ic
p
o
w
er
s
u
b
s
ta
tio
n
s
u
s
in
g
co
n
d
u
ctive
n
a
n
o
p
a
r
ticles
(
A
h
med
Th
a
b
et
)
1859
d
:
is
th
e
d
ia
m
eter
o
f
t
h
e
r
o
d
,
in
m
eter
(
m
)
S
:
is
th
e
s
p
ac
i
n
g
(
d
is
tan
ce
)
b
et
w
ee
n
t
w
o
r
o
d
s
,
in
m
eter
(
m
)
A
t
y
p
ica
l
tech
n
iq
u
e
f
o
r
g
ettin
g
a
lo
w
g
r
o
u
n
d
o
p
p
o
s
itio
n
at
h
ig
h
er
v
o
ltag
e
s
u
b
s
ta
tio
n
s
is
to
u
tili
ze
in
ter
co
n
n
ec
ted
g
r
o
u
n
d
n
et
w
o
r
k
s
.
A
t
y
p
ical
g
r
id
s
y
s
te
m
g
r
o
u
n
d
r
o
d
s
m
a
y
b
e
co
n
n
ec
ted
to
t
h
e
g
r
id
f
o
r
f
u
r
t
h
er
r
ed
u
ctio
n
o
f
t
h
e
g
r
o
u
n
d
r
esis
t
an
ce
w
h
e
n
t
h
e
u
p
p
er
la
y
er
o
f
s
o
il
is
o
f
m
u
c
h
h
i
g
h
er
r
esi
s
ti
v
it
y
t
h
an
t
h
at
o
f
t
h
e
s
o
il
u
n
d
er
n
ea
t
h
.
T
h
e
r
esis
ta
n
ce
to
g
r
o
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n
d
d
eter
m
in
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s
t
h
e
m
ax
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m
u
m
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o
f
t
h
e
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r
o
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n
d
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s
y
s
te
m
d
u
r
i
n
g
a
g
r
o
u
n
d
f
au
lt [
1
,
3,
1
3
]
.
T
h
e
f
o
llo
w
i
n
g
(
4
)
f
o
r
g
r
id
r
esi
s
tan
ce
co
u
ld
b
e
u
s
ed
:
=
ln
(
2
√
ℎ
)
+
K
1
L
√
−
K
2
(
4
)
w
h
er
e:
L
: is th
e
to
tal
le
n
g
th
o
f
all
co
n
d
u
cto
r
s
,
A
: is th
e
to
tal
ar
ea
o
f
t
h
e
g
r
id
,
h
: is th
e
d
ep
th
at
w
h
ic
h
th
e
g
r
id
is
lo
ca
ted
d
is
th
e
g
r
id
co
n
d
u
c
to
r
s
’
d
ia
m
eter
,
: is th
e
r
esi
s
ti
v
it
y
o
f
t
h
e
s
o
il
d
: is th
e
d
ia
m
eter
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f
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h
e
g
r
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K
1
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d
K
2
: a
r
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f
ac
to
r
s
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r
esen
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r
ap
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y
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f
u
n
ctio
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o
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le
n
g
t
h
-
to
-
w
id
t
h
r
atio
o
f
th
e
g
r
id
ar
ea
2
.
2
.
P
ro
po
s
ed
g
ro
un
din
g
s
y
s
t
e
m
s
I
n
f
ac
t,
s
o
il
r
esi
s
ti
v
it
y
i
s
t
h
e
r
esis
ti
v
e
p
ar
a
m
eter
i
n
t
h
e
g
r
o
u
n
d
in
g
s
y
s
te
m
f
o
r
c
u
r
r
en
t
f
lo
w
to
ea
r
th
.
L
o
w
g
r
o
u
n
d
o
b
s
tr
u
ctio
n
i
s
p
r
e
f
er
ed
o
r
ev
e
n
r
eq
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ir
e.
I
f
th
e
s
o
il
h
a
s
h
ig
h
r
esis
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iv
i
t
y
,
an
d
th
e
g
r
o
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n
d
in
g
s
y
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te
m
is
n
o
t
s
u
f
f
ic
ie
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y
ar
r
an
g
ed
to
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y
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te
m
s
tab
ilit
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,
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e
d
is
s
ip
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o
f
t
h
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elec
tr
ical
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r
r
e
n
t
r
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th
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th
e
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m
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ill
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e
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n
a
h
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h
er
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o
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g
e
o
n
th
e
g
r
o
u
n
d
i
n
g
s
y
s
te
m
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n
ad
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itio
n
,
th
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h
as
s
u
g
g
e
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tio
n
s
in
ce
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n
ap
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licatio
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f
o
r
ex
a
m
p
le,
h
ig
h
e
r
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u
ch
o
r
s
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p
o
s
s
ib
ilit
ies,
o
r
in
m
o
r
e
e
x
tr
ao
r
d
in
ar
y
ca
s
es
d
is
ap
p
o
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m
e
n
t
o
f
d
ep
en
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ab
le
ac
tiv
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f
o
v
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c
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r
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en
t
o
r
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v
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v
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ltag
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ices.
A
cc
o
r
d
in
g
to
th
e
p
r
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p
er
ties
o
f
m
an
y
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n
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tio
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al
m
ater
ials
th
at
h
a
v
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b
ee
n
c
h
an
g
ed
w
h
en
f
o
r
m
ed
o
r
m
i
x
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d
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it
h
n
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o
p
ar
ticles,
th
e
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r
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o
s
ed
Nan
o
-
T
ec
h
ea
r
th
i
n
g
s
y
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m
h
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v
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b
ee
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esi
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n
ed
h
o
w
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s
e
n
a
n
o
p
ar
ticles
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
f
o
r
ch
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g
i
n
g
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ties
o
f
s
o
il.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
th
e
n
an
o
m
etr
ic
s
o
il
r
esis
tiv
it
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as
b
ee
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d
r
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p
p
d
f
o
r
cin
g
t
h
e
f
a
u
lt
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r
r
en
t
to
g
o
w
ith
t
h
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th
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n
g
p
at
h
,
ca
u
s
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n
g
th
e
e
f
f
ic
ien
c
y
an
d
th
e
r
eliab
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to
in
cr
ea
s
e
an
d
r
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ce
th
e
h
az
ar
d
s
o
f
elec
tr
ic
s
h
o
ck
s
.
T
h
e
(1
-
4
)
a
r
e
u
s
ed
as
th
e
s
a
m
e
i
n
th
e
n
e
w
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h
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g
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y
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te
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er
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ce
is
ch
an
g
i
n
g
i
n
s
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il
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esis
tiv
it
y
(
)
to
b
e
ef
f
ec
ti
v
e
r
esis
ti
v
it
y
(
)
[
1
4
-
2
0
]
.
E
f
f
ec
tiv
e
r
esis
ti
v
it
y
p
r
esen
t
s
th
e
co
m
b
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ti
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n
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ar
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te
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s
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ein
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as (
5
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an
d
(
6
)
:
=
(
1
−
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+
(
5
)
=
1
(
6
)
w
h
er
e:
is
th
e
e
f
f
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ti
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m
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m
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s
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Fi
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n
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as
(7
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.
=
2
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8
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−
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(
7
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4
[
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3
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l
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2
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−
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+
3
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16
2
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,
f
o
r
S<L
(
9
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w
h
ate
v
er
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th
e
ca
l
c
u
latio
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s
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a
s
(
1
0
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.
=
ln
(
2
√
ℎ
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+
K
1
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−
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2
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1
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
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2
0
8
8
-
8708
I
n
t J
E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
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n
g
,
Vo
l.
11
,
No
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3
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J
u
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e
2
0
2
1
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1
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5
7
-
1864
1860
(
a)
(
b
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Fig
u
r
e
1
.
Nan
o
-
tec
h
ea
r
th
i
n
g
s
y
s
te
m
s
f
o
r
elec
tr
ical
p
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u
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tatio
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s
,
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n
a
n
o
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t
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tr
o
d
es g
r
o
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n
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(
b
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tech
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3.
P
RO
P
O
SE
D
NANO
M
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Nan
o
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to
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r
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[
2
1
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2
2
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Her
e,
th
e
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n
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v
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n
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o
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ar
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d
is
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h
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ater
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s
.
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a
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y
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d
s
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if
ic
s
o
il r
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n
ce
o
f
th
e
s
o
il.
T
ab
le
1
.
T
y
p
es o
f
n
a
n
o
p
ar
ticle
s
an
d
s
o
il r
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tiv
it
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f
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ig
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u
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ig
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r
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4
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6.
CO
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o
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ted
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d
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u
r
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ro
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d
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g
S
y
ste
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s:
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ff
e
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t
o
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th
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m
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ic
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e
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ro
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l
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tep
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r S
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1
]
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.
No
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ter
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.
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.
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.
[1
2
]
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.
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.
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l
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.
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0
1
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.
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3
]
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(
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3
.
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4
]
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.
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.
,
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si
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h
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teriz
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o
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tran
s
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o
rm
e
rs
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o
re
s
,
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v
a
n
c
e
s
in
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trica
l
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n
d
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tro
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o
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p
.
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0
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.
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5
]
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.
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.
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o
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r
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.
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.
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a
h
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o
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d
,
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w
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sig
n
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p
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ly
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ro
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o
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les
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h
n
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e
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0
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we
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In
ter
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r S
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e
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iro
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p
p
.
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.
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6
]
A
.
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h
a
b
e
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n
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.
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u
b
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ra
k
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h
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m
a
l
Ex
p
e
rim
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t
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a
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y
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r
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tri
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ra
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teriz
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sity
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n
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m
p
o
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,
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l
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3
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p
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,
2016.
[1
7
]
O.
G
o
u
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a
,
a
n
d
A
.
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h
a
b
e
t,
“
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p
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tal
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e
rif
ica
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n
h
a
n
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in
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tri
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o
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ra
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s
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m
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r
Na
n
o
f
lu
id
s
,
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a
ter
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rc
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l
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1
,
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p
.
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3
-
246
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0
1
6
.
[1
8
]
A
.
T
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a
b
e
t,
a
n
d
Y.
A
.
M
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k
“
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p
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m
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tal
En
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sites
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m
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it
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s
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v
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n
c
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s
in
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tri
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l
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n
d
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tro
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ic
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l.
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p
.
5
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-
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0
1
7
.
[1
9
]
A
.
T
h
a
b
e
t,
”
T
h
e
o
re
ti
c
a
l
A
n
a
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f
o
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in
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u
stria
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m
a
teria
ls,”
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trica
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En
g
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g
,
v
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l.
9
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o
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.
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0
]
A
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b
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n
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A
.
M
u
b
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ra
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Eff
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tri
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l
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o
ly
v
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d
e
,
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e
c
trica
l
E
n
g
in
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rin
g
,
v
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l.
9
9
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o
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,
p
p
.
6
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5
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6
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1
,
2
0
1
7
.
[2
1
]
S
.
Na
g
h
d
i,
K.
Y.
R
h
e
e
,
D.
Hu
i
a
n
d
S
.
Ji
n
P
a
rk
,
“
A
Re
v
ie
w
o
f
Co
n
d
u
c
ti
v
e
M
e
tal
Na
n
o
m
a
teria
ls
a
s
Co
n
d
u
c
ti
v
e
,
T
ra
n
sp
a
re
n
t,
a
n
d
F
lex
ib
le
Co
a
ti
n
g
s,
T
h
in
F
il
m
s,
a
n
d
Co
n
d
u
c
ti
v
e
F
il
lers
:
Di
ff
e
re
n
t
De
p
o
siti
o
n
M
e
th
o
d
s
a
n
d
A
p
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
s
,
”
Co
a
ti
n
g
s
,
v
o
l.
8
,
n
o
.
8
,
p
p
.
1
-
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7
,
2
0
1
8
.
[2
2
]
S
h
.
A
h
m
a
d
,
K.
S
u
b
h
a
n
i,
A
.
Ra
sh
e
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d
,
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.
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sh
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f
,
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.
Af
z
a
l,
B.
Ra
m
z
a
n
a
n
d
Z.
S
a
rw
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r
,
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v
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p
m
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f
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n
d
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e
F
a
b
r
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b
y
Us
in
g
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v
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r
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n
o
p
a
rti
c
les
f
o
r
El
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c
tro
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ic
A
p
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
s
,
”
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
El
e
c
tro
n
ic
M
a
ter
ia
ls
,
v
o
l
.
4
9
,
p
p
.
1
3
3
0
-
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3
3
7
,
2
0
2
0
.
[2
3
]
Jr.
R.
B.
Ca
rp
e
n
ter,
a
n
d
J.
A
.
L
a
n
z
o
n
i
,
“
De
sig
n
in
g
f
o
r
A
L
o
w
Re
sista
n
c
e
Earth
I
n
terf
a
c
e
(
G
ro
u
n
d
i
n
g
),
”
L
ig
h
t
n
in
g
El
imin
a
to
rs
a
n
d
Co
n
su
lt
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n
ts
,
In
c
.
,
p
p
.
1
-
1
6
,
2
0
0
7
.
[2
4
]
A.
L
.
V
ik
ra
m
,
V
a
g
h
a
m
sh
i,
a
n
d
K.
A
,
S
o
n
a
g
ra
,
“
S
u
b
sta
ti
o
n
G
ro
u
n
d
i
n
g
G
rid
De
sig
n
Ca
se
S
tu
d
y
U
sin
g
M
a
tl
a
b
,
”
in
In
ter
n
a
t
io
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
f
o
r
S
c
ie
n
ti
fi
c
Res
e
a
rc
h
a
n
d
De
v
e
lo
p
me
n
t
,
v
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l
.
2
,
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o
.
3
,
p
p
.
7
4
8
-
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5
1
,
2
0
1
4
.
[2
5
]
R.
S
h
a
riati
n
a
sa
b
,
J.
G
h
o
li
n
e
z
h
a
d
,
“
T
h
e
e
f
fe
c
t
o
f
g
ro
u
n
d
i
n
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sy
ste
m
m
o
d
e
li
n
g
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li
g
h
tn
in
g
-
re
late
d
stu
d
ies
o
f
tran
sm
issio
n
li
n
e
s
,
”
J
o
u
r
n
a
l
o
f
Ap
p
li
e
d
Res
e
a
rc
h
a
n
d
T
e
c
h
n
o
lo
g
y
,
v
o
l.
15
,
n
o
.
6
,
p
p
.
5
4
5
-
5
5
4
,
2
0
1
7
.
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