I
nte
rna
t
io
na
l J
o
urna
l o
f
E
lect
rica
l a
nd
Co
m
p
ute
r
E
ng
in
ee
ring
(
I
J
E
CE
)
Vo
l.
10
,
No
.
3
,
J
u
n
e
2020
,
p
p
.
2861
~
2
8
7
3
I
SS
N:
2088
-
8708
,
DOI
: 1
0
.
1
1
5
9
1
/
i
j
ec
e
.
v
10
i
3
.
p
p
2
8
6
1
-
2
8
7
3
2861
J
o
ur
na
l ho
m
ep
a
g
e
:
h
ttp
:
//ij
ec
e.
ia
esco
r
e.
co
m/in
d
ex
.
p
h
p
/I
JE
C
E
Applica
tion o
f
res
ista
nce ene
rg
y
m
o
del t
o
opti
m
isi
ng
elect
ric
po
w
er c
o
nsu
m
p
ti
o
n of a belt
conv
e
y
o
r sy
ste
m
Aw
ing
o
t
Richa
rd
Ak
pa
ribo
1
,
E
rw
in No
r
m
a
ny
o
2
1
De
p
a
rt
m
e
n
t
o
f
El
e
c
tri
c
a
l
a
n
d
El
e
c
tro
n
ic
E
n
g
in
e
e
rin
g
,
A
sh
e
si
Un
iv
e
rsit
y
,
G
h
a
n
a
2
De
p
a
rt
m
e
n
t
o
f
El
e
c
tri
c
a
l
a
n
d
El
e
c
tro
n
ic
E
n
g
in
e
e
rin
g
,
Un
iv
e
rsity
o
f
M
in
e
s a
n
d
T
e
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
,
G
h
a
n
a
Art
icle
I
nfo
AB
ST
RAC
T
A
r
ticle
his
to
r
y:
R
ec
eiv
ed
J
u
l 9
,
2
0
1
9
R
ev
i
s
ed
Dec
6
,
2
0
1
9
A
cc
ep
ted
Dec
1
3
,
2
0
1
9
Driv
e
n
b
y
c
o
n
sta
n
tl
y
in
c
re
a
sin
g
e
n
e
rg
y
d
e
m
a
n
d
s,
p
rice
s,
e
n
v
iro
n
m
e
n
tal
im
p
a
c
t
c
a
u
se
d
b
y
c
a
rb
o
n
d
i
o
x
id
e
e
m
issio
n
s a
n
d
g
lo
b
a
l
w
a
r
m
in
g
,
e
ff
icie
n
t
u
se
o
f
e
n
e
rg
y
is
g
a
in
in
g
g
ro
u
n
d
s
in
b
o
th
p
u
b
li
c
a
n
d
p
r
iv
a
te
e
n
terp
rise
s.
T
h
e
e
n
e
rg
y
c
o
n
su
m
p
ti
o
n
o
f
b
e
l
t
c
o
n
v
e
y
o
rs
c
a
n
b
e
lo
w
e
re
d
u
sin
g
e
n
e
rg
y
m
o
d
e
ll
in
g
tec
h
n
iq
u
e
s.
In
th
is
r
e
se
a
rc
h
,
a
re
sista
n
c
e
-
b
a
se
d
m
a
t
h
e
m
a
ti
c
a
l
e
n
e
rg
y
m
o
d
e
l
w
a
s
u
ti
li
se
d
i
n
t
h
e
e
lec
tri
c
a
l
e
n
e
rg
y
e
ff
i
c
ien
c
y
o
p
ti
m
is
a
ti
o
n
o
f
th
e
tr
o
u
g
h
e
d
,
i
n
c
li
n
e
d
b
e
lt
c
o
n
v
e
y
o
r
s
y
ste
m
ta
k
in
g
in
to
a
c
c
o
u
n
t
in
d
e
n
tati
o
n
ro
ll
in
g
re
sista
n
c
e
,
b
u
lk
so
li
d
f
lex
u
re
re
sista
n
c
e
a
n
d
se
c
o
n
d
a
ry
re
sista
n
c
e
a
s
t
h
e
y
to
g
e
th
e
r
c
o
n
tri
b
u
te
8
9
%
re
sista
n
c
e
to
m
o
ti
o
n
.
A
n
o
p
ti
m
isa
ti
o
n
p
r
o
b
lem
w
a
s
f
o
r
m
u
late
d
to
o
p
ti
m
ise
th
e
e
lec
tri
c
a
l
e
n
e
rg
y
e
ff
icie
n
c
y
o
f
th
e
b
e
lt
c
o
n
v
e
y
o
r
s
y
ste
m
a
n
d
su
b
se
q
u
e
n
tl
y
so
lv
e
d
u
sin
g
th
e
“
fm
in
c
o
n
”
so
lv
e
r
a
n
d
in
terio
r
p
o
in
t
a
lg
o
rit
h
m
o
f
th
e
M
AT
LAB
o
p
ti
m
isa
ti
o
n
to
o
lb
o
x
.
A
n
a
l
y
si
s
o
f
sim
u
latio
n
re
su
lt
s
sh
o
w
e
d
th
a
t
f
o
r
th
e
s
a
m
e
g
i
v
e
n
o
p
e
ra
ti
n
g
c
a
p
a
c
it
ies
,
a
n
a
v
e
ra
g
e
e
n
e
rg
y
sa
v
in
g
o
f
a
b
o
u
t
7
.
4
2
%
a
n
d
a
n
a
n
n
u
a
l
t
o
tal
c
o
st
sa
v
in
g
s
o
f
G
h
¢
5
,
8
5
2
,
6
6
9
.
0
0
(U
S
D
1
,
0
8
3
,
8
2
7
.
5
9
)
f
o
r
a
2
5
9
2
-
h
o
u
r
o
p
e
ra
ti
o
n
c
a
n
b
e
a
c
h
iev
e
d
w
h
e
n
th
e
u
se
d
m
o
d
e
l
a
n
d
o
p
ti
m
isa
ti
o
n
tec
h
n
i
q
u
e
a
re
e
m
p
lo
y
e
d
o
v
e
r
th
e
c
o
n
sta
n
t
sp
e
e
d
o
p
e
ra
ti
o
n
.
K
ey
w
o
r
d
s
:
B
elt
co
n
v
e
y
o
r
s
y
s
te
m
E
n
er
g
y
m
o
d
el
Mo
d
ellin
g
Op
ti
m
i
s
in
g
e
n
er
g
y
e
f
f
icie
n
c
y
Si
m
u
latio
n
Co
p
y
rig
h
t
©
2
0
2
0
In
stit
u
te o
f
A
d
v
a
n
c
e
d
E
n
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
a
n
d
S
c
ien
c
e
.
Al
l
rig
h
ts re
se
rv
e
d
.
C
o
r
r
e
s
p
o
nd
ing
A
uth
o
r
:
Aw
i
n
g
o
t Ri
c
h
ar
d
Ak
ap
r
ib
o
,
Dep
ar
t
m
en
t o
f
E
lectr
ical
an
d
E
lectr
o
n
ic
E
n
g
in
ee
r
i
n
g
,
Ash
e
s
i U
n
iv
er
s
it
y
,
1
st
Un
iv
er
s
it
y
Av
e
n
u
e,
B
r
ek
u
s
u
,
P
MB
C
T
3
,
C
an
to
n
m
en
t
s
,
Acc
r
a
,
Gh
an
a.
E
m
ail:
r
ak
p
ar
ib
o
@
a
s
h
e
s
i.e
d
u
.
g
h
1.
I
NT
RO
D
UCT
I
O
N
T
h
e
r
is
in
g
co
s
t
o
f
d
o
in
g
b
u
s
i
n
es
s
h
as
n
ec
e
s
s
ita
ted
co
m
p
a
n
ie
s
to
s
ea
r
ch
f
o
r
b
ette
r
w
a
y
s
o
f
m
i
n
i
m
is
i
n
g
ex
p
e
n
s
es
t
h
at
a
f
f
ec
t
co
m
p
etiti
v
e
n
es
s
an
d
th
e
b
o
tto
m
li
n
e.
A
u
to
m
ati
n
g
ce
r
tain
f
u
n
ctio
n
s
i
n
m
an
u
f
ac
t
u
r
in
g
a
n
d
m
ater
ial
h
a
n
d
lin
g
d
o
es
i
m
p
r
o
v
e
p
r
o
d
u
ctiv
it
y
a
n
d
e
f
f
icie
n
c
y
c
r
ea
tin
g
s
o
m
e
co
s
t
s
av
i
n
g
s
[
1
]
.
A
g
r
o
w
in
g
ar
ea
o
f
co
n
ce
r
n
is
th
e
i
n
cr
ea
s
i
n
g
e
n
er
g
y
co
s
t.
C
o
s
t
o
f
e
n
er
g
y
f
o
r
m
s
a
lar
g
e
p
ar
t
o
f
th
e
o
p
er
atio
n
al
co
s
t
o
f
b
elt
co
n
v
e
y
o
r
s
y
s
te
m
s
a
n
d
ac
co
r
d
in
g
to
[
2
]
,
th
is
co
n
s
ti
tu
te
s
4
0
%
o
f
th
e
o
p
er
ati
o
n
al
co
s
t.
C
o
n
v
e
y
o
r
eq
u
ip
m
e
n
t,
asid
e
o
f
g
r
av
it
y
co
n
v
e
y
o
r
s
,
r
eq
u
ir
e
m
o
to
r
s
an
d
o
th
er
eq
u
ip
m
e
n
t
th
at
u
s
e
elec
tr
icit
y
f
o
r
p
o
w
er
[
1
]
.
Sav
in
g
e
n
er
g
y
o
f
b
elt
co
n
v
e
y
o
r
s
y
s
te
m
s
o
f
f
er
s
a
lo
t
o
f
b
en
ef
it
s
asid
e
o
f
th
e
co
s
t
s
av
i
n
g
s
.
I
t in
cr
ea
s
e
s
th
e
e
n
er
g
y
r
eser
v
e
s
an
d
cu
r
b
s
e
m
is
s
io
n
s
o
f
ca
r
b
o
n
d
io
x
id
e
[
3
]
.
A
b
elt
co
n
v
e
y
o
r
is
a
p
iece
o
f
eq
u
ip
m
e
n
t
u
s
ed
to
tr
a
n
s
p
o
r
t
m
ater
ials
o
r
p
r
o
d
u
cts
f
r
o
m
o
n
e
p
lace
to
an
o
th
er
.
I
t
co
n
v
er
ts
elec
tr
ical
en
er
g
y
i
n
to
m
ec
h
a
n
ical
m
o
t
io
n
[
4
,
5
]
.
B
elt
co
n
v
e
y
o
r
s
ar
e
w
id
el
y
u
s
ed
f
o
r
h
an
d
li
n
g
b
u
lk
m
a
ter
ial
o
v
er
s
h
o
r
t
to
m
ed
i
u
m
co
n
v
e
y
i
n
g
d
is
ta
n
ce
s
b
ec
au
s
e
o
f
t
h
eir
h
i
g
h
e
f
f
icien
c
y
o
f
tr
an
s
p
o
r
tatio
n
as
co
m
p
ar
ed
to
o
th
er
m
et
h
o
d
s
o
f
tr
an
s
p
o
r
tatio
n
[
5
,
6
]
.
T
h
ey
ar
e
lar
g
el
y
u
s
ed
in
t
h
e
m
i
n
in
g
in
d
u
s
tr
y
,
i
n
m
a
n
u
f
ac
t
u
r
i
n
g
,
at
b
u
lk
ter
m
in
al
s
,
in
ce
m
en
t
p
lan
ts
,
p
o
w
er
p
lan
ts
a
n
d
ch
e
m
ical
p
r
o
d
u
ctio
n
in
d
u
s
tr
ies
f
o
r
th
e
tr
an
s
p
o
r
tatio
n
o
f
g
o
o
d
s
an
d
s
er
v
ices
[
7
]
.
A
t
y
p
ical
co
n
v
e
y
o
r
s
y
s
te
m
co
n
s
is
ts
o
f
th
e
tail
p
u
lle
y
,
id
ler
,
b
elt,
tak
e
-
u
p
an
d
d
r
iv
e
p
u
lle
y
[
6
-
8
]
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8708
I
n
t J
E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
,
Vo
l.
10
,
No
.
3
,
J
u
n
e
2020
:
2
8
6
1
-
2873
2862
Ma
ter
ial
h
a
n
d
li
n
g
is
o
n
e
o
f
th
e
i
m
p
o
r
tan
t
p
h
e
n
o
m
e
n
a
in
i
n
d
u
s
tr
y
.
B
elt
co
n
v
e
y
o
r
s
ar
e
b
ei
n
g
p
r
ef
er
r
ed
in
m
o
s
t
p
ar
ts
o
f
m
ater
ial
h
a
n
d
lin
g
s
y
s
te
m
s
b
ec
au
s
e
o
f
th
eir
h
ig
h
e
f
f
ic
ien
c
y
o
f
tr
an
s
p
o
r
tatio
n
.
Ho
w
e
v
er
,
th
e
y
co
m
e
w
it
h
th
eir
o
w
n
p
r
o
b
lem
s
o
f
elec
tr
ical
en
er
g
y
co
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
.
A
cc
o
r
d
in
g
to
[
1
]
,
co
n
v
e
y
in
g
eq
u
ip
m
e
n
t
co
n
s
u
m
e
u
p
to
5
0
%
o
f
a
f
ac
ilit
y
’
s
en
er
g
y
u
s
a
g
e
an
d
ac
co
u
n
t
f
o
r
n
ea
r
l
y
7
0
%
o
f
elec
tr
ical
lo
ad
in
an
in
d
u
s
tr
ial
f
ac
ilit
y
[
1
]
.
T
h
is
p
r
esen
t
s
b
o
th
a
c
h
alle
n
g
e
an
d
a
n
o
p
p
o
r
t
u
n
i
t
y
f
o
r
en
er
g
y
s
a
v
i
n
g
s
.
Dr
i
v
en
b
y
co
n
s
ta
n
tl
y
in
cr
ea
s
i
n
g
e
n
er
g
y
d
e
m
a
n
d
s
,
p
r
ices,
en
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
tal
i
m
p
ac
t
ca
u
s
ed
b
y
ca
r
b
o
n
d
io
x
id
e
em
is
s
io
n
s
an
d
g
lo
b
al
w
ar
m
i
n
g
,
e
f
f
icien
t
u
s
e
o
f
e
n
e
r
g
y
i
s
g
ai
n
i
n
g
g
r
o
u
n
d
s
i
n
b
o
th
p
u
b
lic
a
n
d
p
r
iv
ate
en
ter
p
r
is
es
[
9
]
.
T
h
e
m
ater
ial
h
an
d
li
n
g
in
d
u
s
tr
y
a
n
d
f
o
r
t
h
at
m
a
tter
,
a
b
elt
co
n
v
e
y
o
r
s
y
s
te
m
i
s
n
o
ex
ce
p
tio
n
.
T
h
e
ele
ctr
ical
en
er
g
y
co
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
o
f
a
b
elt
co
n
v
e
y
o
r
is
d
ep
en
d
e
n
t
o
n
t
h
e
d
r
iv
e’
s
s
p
ee
d
an
d
th
e
r
es
is
tan
ce
s
to
m
o
t
io
n
.
T
h
e
r
esis
tan
ce
s
to
m
o
tio
n
i
n
clu
d
e
in
d
e
n
tatio
n
r
o
llin
g
r
esi
s
tan
ce
,
b
u
lk
s
o
lid
f
le
x
u
r
e
r
es
is
tan
ce
,
s
ec
o
n
d
ar
y
r
esis
ta
n
ce
,
id
ler
r
o
ll
r
o
tatin
g
r
esis
ta
n
ce
an
d
b
elt
f
lex
u
r
e
r
esi
s
tan
ce
[
1
0
,
1
1
]
.
Fig
u
r
e
1
g
iv
es
a
d
iag
r
am
o
f
a
b
elt
co
n
v
e
y
o
r
s
y
s
te
m
w
ith
co
r
r
esp
o
n
d
in
g
v
alu
e
s
o
f
m
o
tio
n
r
e
s
is
t
an
ce
s
[
1
1
-
1
6
]
.
T
h
is
r
esear
c
h
p
ap
er
g
iv
e
s
f
o
cu
s
to
u
tili
s
atio
n
o
f
r
es
is
ta
n
ce
e
n
er
g
y
m
o
d
el
tak
i
n
g
i
n
to
ac
co
u
n
t
in
d
en
tat
io
n
r
o
lli
n
g
r
esis
tan
ce
,
b
u
lk
s
o
lid
f
lex
u
r
e
r
esis
ta
n
ce
a
n
d
s
ec
o
n
d
ar
y
r
esi
s
tan
ce
as
t
h
e
y
to
g
eth
er
co
n
tr
i
b
u
te
8
9
%
r
esi
s
tan
ce
to
m
o
tio
n
.
Field
s
t
u
d
ies
a
n
d
m
o
d
el
d
ev
e
lo
p
m
en
t a
p
p
r
o
ac
h
f
o
r
th
e
d
r
iv
e
s
y
s
te
m
ar
e
g
i
v
e
n
co
n
s
id
er
atio
n
.
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
A
b
elt
co
n
v
e
y
o
r
s
y
s
t
e
m
w
it
h
cr
itical
v
a
lu
e
s
o
f
m
o
t
i
o
n
r
esis
ta
n
ce
s
2.
F
I
E
L
D
ST
UDI
E
S AN
D
DA
T
A
CO
L
L
E
CT
I
O
N
A
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
b
elt
co
n
v
e
y
o
r
s
a
t
th
e
o
p
er
atio
n
s
o
f
a
m
in
in
g
c
o
m
p
a
n
y
lo
ca
ted
in
t
h
e
T
ar
k
w
a
-
Ns
u
ae
m
m
u
n
icip
ali
t
y
o
f
t
h
e
W
es
ter
n
r
eg
io
n
o
f
G
h
a
n
a
w
er
e
s
tu
d
ied
.
Du
r
in
g
th
e
s
t
u
d
ies,
t
h
e
elec
tr
i
c
p
o
w
er
co
n
s
u
m
ed
,
b
elt
s
p
ee
d
,
an
d
f
ee
d
r
ate
o
f
th
e
1
2
-
co
n
v
e
y
o
r
s
y
s
te
m
o
f
t
h
e
m
i
n
e
w
er
e
r
ec
o
r
d
ed
at
d
if
f
er
en
t
ti
m
e
in
ter
v
al
s
w
it
h
th
e
aid
o
f
th
e
f
ield
in
s
tr
u
m
e
n
ts
.
T
h
e
elec
tr
ic
p
o
w
er
co
n
s
u
m
ed
w
as
m
ea
s
u
r
ed
ag
ain
s
t
th
e
b
elt
s
p
ee
d
w
h
e
n
th
e
f
ee
d
r
ate
w
as
h
e
ld
co
n
s
ta
n
t
at
T
=
6
5
.
4
t/h
.
A
ls
o
,
th
e
elec
tr
ic
p
o
w
e
r
co
n
s
u
m
ed
w
as
m
ea
s
u
r
ed
ag
ain
s
t
th
e
f
ee
d
r
ate
w
h
e
n
t
h
e
s
p
ee
d
w
a
s
h
eld
co
n
s
tan
t a
t
=
3
.
7
m
/
s
.
Data
o
n
th
e
b
elt
co
n
v
e
y
o
r
s
y
s
te
m
o
f
t
h
e
m
i
n
i
n
g
co
m
p
a
n
y
wer
e
co
llected
an
d
an
aly
s
ed
.
T
h
e
v
ar
io
u
s
co
n
v
e
y
o
r
s
s
tu
d
ied
w
er
e
g
r
o
u
p
ed
in
to
t
w
o
as
o
v
er
lan
d
co
n
v
e
y
o
r
s
an
d
cr
u
s
h
er
co
n
v
e
y
o
r
s
.
T
h
e
d
ata
c
o
llected
o
n
ea
ch
co
n
v
e
y
o
r
a
id
ed
th
e
c
alcu
latio
n
o
f
m
o
d
el
p
ar
a
m
eter
s
C
1
a
n
d
C
2
.
A
l
s
o
,
in
s
tr
u
m
e
n
t
s
s
u
c
h
a
s
elec
tr
ical
en
er
g
y
m
eter
,
b
elt
m
o
tio
n
m
o
n
ito
r
an
d
b
elt
w
eig
h
to
m
eter
w
er
e
e
m
p
lo
y
ed
to
aid
in
t
h
e
d
eter
m
in
atio
n
o
f
th
e
elec
tr
ic
m
o
to
r
o
u
tp
u
t p
o
w
e
r
(
P
M
)
,
b
elt
s
p
ee
d
(
ν
)
an
d
b
elt
l
o
ad
ca
r
r
y
in
g
ca
p
ac
it
y
(
T
)
,
r
es
p
ec
tiv
el
y
3.
RE
S
I
ST
ANC
E
E
N
E
R
G
Y
M
O
DE
L
Ou
r
f
o
c
u
s
i
s
to
u
t
ilis
e
a
r
e
s
is
ta
n
ce
-
b
ased
e
n
er
g
y
m
o
d
el
a
n
d
a
ls
o
a
m
o
d
el
f
o
r
t
h
e
en
er
g
y
co
s
t
o
f
a
b
elt
co
n
v
e
y
o
r
s
y
s
te
m
in
o
r
d
er
to
m
i
n
i
m
is
e
elec
tr
ical
e
n
er
g
y
co
n
s
u
m
p
t
io
n
a
n
d
o
p
er
atin
g
co
s
t
o
f
t
h
e
b
elt
co
n
v
e
y
o
r
s
y
s
te
m
.
T
h
e
r
esis
ta
n
ce
-
b
ase
d
en
er
g
y
m
o
d
el
is
o
b
tain
ed
f
r
o
m
m
at
h
e
m
atica
l
ca
lcu
la
ti
o
n
s
o
f
m
ec
h
an
ical
r
esis
ta
n
ce
s
o
f
th
e
b
elt
co
n
v
e
y
o
r
.
Un
d
er
s
tatio
n
ar
y
o
p
er
ati
n
g
co
n
d
itio
n
s
,
th
e
en
er
g
y
co
n
s
u
m
p
t
io
n
o
f
b
elt
co
n
v
e
y
o
r
s
is
m
ain
l
y
d
eter
m
in
ed
b
y
th
e
r
es
is
ta
n
ce
s
to
m
o
t
i
o
n
o
f
th
e
b
elt
co
n
v
e
y
o
r
.
W
ith
n
o
m
i
n
al
v
a
lu
e
s
o
f
s
y
s
te
m
s
et
tin
g
s
,
r
esis
tan
ce
o
f
t
h
e
b
elt
co
n
v
e
y
o
r
ca
n
b
e
ca
lcu
l
ated
.
I
SO
5
0
4
8
,
DI
N
2
2
1
0
1
a
n
d
C
E
M
A
[
17
-
2
2
]
,
d
is
tin
g
u
is
h
f
o
u
r
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
ts
t
h
at
m
a
k
e
u
p
th
e
to
ta
l
m
ec
h
a
n
i
ca
l r
esis
ta
n
ce
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J
E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
I
SS
N:
2088
-
8708
A
p
p
lica
tio
n
o
f res
is
ta
n
ce
en
erg
y
mo
d
el
to
o
p
timis
in
g
elec
tr
ic
p
o
w
er …
(
A
w
in
g
o
t R
ich
a
r
d
A
ka
p
r
ib
o
)
2863
T
h
e
p
r
im
ar
y
o
r
m
ai
n
r
es
is
ta
n
ce
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
t,
H
F
co
n
s
is
t
s
o
f
v
ar
io
u
s
r
esi
s
tan
ce
s
i
n
cl
u
d
in
g
f
le
x
in
g
r
esis
ta
n
ce
s
o
f
th
e
co
n
v
e
y
o
r
b
elt
as
w
ell
a
s
th
e
b
u
l
k
s
o
lid
m
ater
ial
a
n
d
th
e
i
n
d
en
ta
tio
n
r
o
llin
g
r
e
s
is
ta
n
ce
o
f
th
e
id
ler
s
.
T
h
e
s
ec
o
n
d
ar
y
r
e
s
is
ta
n
ce
,
N
F
is
th
e
r
esis
tan
ce
f
o
r
ce
th
at
is
d
u
e
m
a
in
l
y
t
o
f
r
ictio
n
al
a
n
d
ac
ce
ler
atio
n
f
o
r
ce
s
i
n
t
h
e
f
ee
d
in
g
ar
ea
.
T
h
e
s
lo
p
e/g
r
ad
ie
n
t
r
esis
ta
n
ce
,
St
F
is
t
h
e
r
e
s
is
ta
n
ce
d
u
e
to
in
cl
in
at
io
n
o
f
th
e
b
elt
co
n
v
e
y
o
r
.
T
h
e
s
p
ec
ial
r
esis
tan
ce
co
m
p
o
n
en
t,
S
F
is
th
e
r
esi
s
ta
n
ce
f
o
r
s
p
ec
i
al
d
esig
n
ed
b
elt
co
n
v
e
y
o
r
s
,
e.
g
.
s
it
u
atio
n
s
wh
er
e,
s
p
ec
ial
cu
r
v
es
ar
e
i
n
v
o
lv
ed
.
T
h
e
r
esis
tan
ce
e
n
er
g
y
m
o
d
el
i
s
g
i
v
e
n
b
y
(
1
)
[
1
0
-
1
7
]
.
S
St
N
H
U
F
F
F
F
F
(
1
)
T
h
e
d
iag
r
a
m
m
a
tic
m
o
d
el
o
f
a
tr
o
u
g
h
ed
,
in
cli
n
ed
b
elt
co
n
v
e
y
o
r
s
y
s
te
m
m
o
d
i
f
ied
af
ter
[
1
6
]
,
is
s
h
o
w
n
in
F
ig
u
r
e
2
.
I
t
is
p
o
w
er
ed
b
y
a
n
elec
tr
ic
m
o
to
r
-
d
r
iv
e
n
s
y
s
te
m
a
n
d
s
u
p
p
o
r
ted
b
y
a
s
y
s
te
m
o
f
p
u
lle
y
s
.
I
t
ca
r
r
ie
s
th
e
b
u
lk
m
ater
ial
o
n
to
p
o
f
th
e
tr
o
u
g
h
ed
s
u
r
f
ac
e
o
f
th
e
b
elt.
T
h
e
tr
o
u
g
h
ed
s
tr
u
ct
u
r
e
o
f
th
e
b
elt
is
m
ai
n
tai
n
ed
b
y
s
ets
o
f
ev
e
n
l
y
s
p
ac
ed
ca
r
r
y
in
g
an
d
r
et
u
r
n
id
ler
s
.
T
h
e
ap
p
r
o
p
r
iate
id
l
er
s
p
ac
in
g
is
d
eter
m
in
ed
d
u
r
i
n
g
th
e
d
esi
g
n
s
tag
e
a
s
r
ec
o
m
m
en
d
ed
b
y
i
n
ter
n
at
io
n
al
s
t
an
d
ar
d
s
s
u
c
h
as
C
E
M
A
,
J
I
S,
I
SO
an
d
DI
N
2
2
1
0
1
[
2
1
,
2
2
]
to
av
o
id
ex
ce
s
s
iv
e
b
elt
s
a
g
a
n
d
p
o
ten
t
ial
s
p
illag
es.
T
h
is
e
n
s
u
r
es
th
at
t
h
e
c
r
o
s
s
-
s
ec
tio
n
al
ar
ea
o
f
th
e
b
elt
i
s
f
air
l
y
co
n
s
ta
n
t.
T
h
e
b
elt
i
s
u
s
u
all
y
f
itted
w
i
th
a
cc
ess
o
r
ies
s
u
c
h
as
a
f
ee
d
ch
u
t
e
at
th
e
tail
e
n
d
a
n
d
a
s
cr
ap
er
b
elo
w
t
h
e
h
ea
d
e
n
d
.
T
h
e
m
ai
n
f
o
cu
s
is
to
u
tili
s
e
a
r
esis
tan
ce
en
er
g
y
m
o
d
el
ta
k
in
g
in
to
ac
co
u
n
t
in
d
en
tat
io
n
r
o
lli
n
g
r
esi
s
tan
ce
an
d
b
u
lk
s
o
lid
f
le
x
u
r
e
r
es
i
s
tan
ce
w
h
ich
to
g
et
h
er
lar
g
el
y
f
o
r
m
th
e
m
a
in
r
esis
ta
n
ce
,
H
F
an
d
s
ec
o
n
d
ar
y
r
e
s
is
ta
n
ce
,
N
F
b
u
t
s
i
n
ce
t
h
e
b
elt
co
n
v
e
y
o
r
s
y
s
te
m
u
n
d
er
s
t
u
d
y
is
i
n
cli
n
ed
,
th
e
s
lo
p
e/g
r
ad
ien
t
r
esis
ta
n
ce
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
t
m
u
s
t
b
e
co
n
s
id
er
ed
as
w
ell.
T
h
e
f
r
ee
b
o
d
y
d
i
ag
r
a
m
ill
u
s
tr
ated
b
y
th
e
p
r
i
m
ar
y
r
es
is
ta
-
n
ce
o
f
th
e
b
elt
co
n
v
e
y
o
r
is
g
i
v
en
b
y
Fig
u
r
e
3
.
L
H
L
h
E
n
d
V
i
e
w
B
u
l
k
M
a
t
e
r
i
a
l
B
e
l
t
S
c
r
a
p
e
r
B
e
l
t
H
e
a
d
P
u
l
l
e
y
a
n
d
D
r
i
v
e
C
a
r
r
y
i
n
g
I
d
l
e
r
R
e
t
u
r
n
I
d
l
e
r
T
a
i
l
P
u
l
l
e
y
F
e
e
d
C
h
u
t
e
δ
F
H
F
N
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
Mo
d
el
o
f
th
e
tr
o
u
g
h
ed
in
clin
ed
b
elt
co
n
v
e
y
o
r
s
y
s
t
e
m
M
a
s
s
(
m
)
H
F
C
o
n
v
e
y
o
r
B
e
l
t
H
L
L
H
μ
δ
Fig
u
r
e
3
.
I
llu
s
tr
atio
n
o
f
p
r
i
m
ar
y
r
esis
ta
n
ce
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8708
I
n
t J
E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
,
Vo
l.
10
,
No
.
3
,
J
u
n
e
2020
:
2
8
6
1
-
2873
2864
T
h
e
r
esis
tan
ce
en
er
g
y
m
o
d
el
i
s
o
b
tain
ed
as f
o
llo
w
s
:
=
μ
.m.g
(2
)
=
L
g
[
R0
+
RU
+
(
2
Q
+
)
C
os
δ
]
(
3
)
RR
Q
an
d
B
Q
r
ep
r
esen
t th
e
u
n
i
t
m
a
s
s
o
f
r
o
tatin
g
r
o
lls
a
n
d
th
e
u
n
it
m
as
s
o
f
th
e
b
elt
r
esp
ec
ti
v
el
y
.
I
n
t
h
e
b
elt
co
n
v
e
y
o
r
w
o
r
ld
,
t
h
e
f
r
ictio
n
co
ef
f
icie
n
t
μ
is
r
e
p
l
ac
ed
b
y
th
e
letter
f
[
2
3
]
.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
th
e
m
a
in
r
esi
s
ta
n
ce
is
g
iv
e
n
i
n
(
4
)
[
2
0
,
2
2
,
2
3
]
as:
=
f
L
g
[
R0
+
RU
+
(
2
Q
+
)
C
os
δ
]
(
4
)
L
et:
RR
Q
=
RU
R0
Q
Q
th
en
,
H
F
is
ex
p
r
ess
ed
as
i
n
(
5
)
.
=
f
L
g
[
RR
+
(
2
Q
+
)
C
os
δ
]
(
5
)
A
cc
o
r
d
in
g
to
e
x
p
er
i
m
e
n
t
s
[
1
0
,
2
2
,
2
3
]
,
th
e
s
ec
o
n
d
ar
y
r
e
s
is
tan
ce
ca
n
b
e
e
x
p
r
ess
ed
w
i
t
h
ad
eq
u
ate
co
r
r
ec
tn
ess
f
o
r
b
elt
co
n
v
e
y
o
r
s
w
it
h
L
˃
8
0
m
b
y
(
6
)
.
H
N
F
1)
-
(C
F
(
6
)
w
h
e
r
e,
C
=
co
n
v
e
y
o
r
len
g
t
h
c
o
ef
f
icie
n
t
.
No
w
,
b
y
ad
d
in
g
(
5
)
an
d
(
6
)
,
w
e
o
b
tain
(
7
)
as f
o
llo
w
s
:
+
=
f
L
g
[
RR
+
(
2
Q
+
)
C
os
δ
]
+
(
C
-
1
)
F
=
f
L
g
[
RR
+
(
2
Q
+
)
C
os
δ
]
+
(
C
-
1
)
(
f
L
g
[
RR
+
(
2
Q
+
)
C
os
δ
]
)
=
f
L
g
[
RR
+
(
2
Q
+
)
C
os
δ
]
+
C
f
L
g
[
RR
+
(
2
Q
+
)
C
os
δ
]
‒
f
L
g
[
RR
+
(
2
Q
+
)
C
os
δ
]
=
C
f
L
g
[
RR
+
(
2
Q
+
)
C
os
δ
]
(
7
)
th
e
co
ef
f
icie
n
t,
C
in
(
7
)
d
ep
en
d
s
o
n
th
e
le
n
g
th
o
f
t
h
e
co
n
v
e
y
o
r
an
d
ca
n
b
e
f
o
u
n
d
in
eit
h
er
g
r
ap
h
s
o
r
in
tab
le
s
.
Neg
lecti
n
g
t
h
e
s
p
ec
ial
r
esi
s
ta
n
ce
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
t,
S
F
s
in
ce
it
is
to
o
s
m
all,
t
h
e
to
tal
r
e
s
is
ta
n
ce
t
o
m
o
tio
n
ca
n
b
e
f
o
u
n
d
b
y
ad
d
in
g
t
h
e
s
lo
p
e
r
esi
s
tan
ce
,
St
F
to
(
7
)
to
g
iv
e
(
8
)
.
=
+
+
St
=
C
f
L
g
[
RR
+
(
2
Q
+
)
C
os
δ
]
+
g
H
Q
(
8
)
T
h
e
u
n
it
m
as
s
o
f
tr
an
s
p
o
r
tin
g
m
ater
ial,
G
Q
ca
n
also
b
e
ca
lcu
late
d
u
s
in
g
(
9
)
[
2
0
,
2
2
]
.
=
3
.
6
×
(
9
)
G
Q
is
o
b
tain
ed
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
p
r
o
d
u
ct
o
f
th
e
cr
o
s
s
-
s
ec
tio
n
a
l
ar
ea
(
A
)
o
f
th
e
m
ater
ial
co
n
v
e
y
ed
an
d
th
e
m
ater
ial
d
en
s
it
y
(
ρ
)
.
I
t
is
t
h
er
ef
o
r
e
r
ig
h
t
f
o
r
o
n
e
to
s
a
y
t
h
at
t
h
e
to
tal
r
esis
ta
n
ce
s
to
m
o
tio
n
o
f
t
h
e
b
elt
co
n
v
e
y
o
r
ar
e
d
ep
en
d
en
t
o
n
th
e
a
m
o
u
n
t
o
f
m
a
ter
ial
th
at
t
h
e
co
n
v
e
y
o
r
b
elt
is
ca
r
r
y
i
n
g
,
s
p
ec
if
ied
as
G
Q
s
in
ce
RR
Q
an
d
B
Q
w
h
ic
h
r
ep
r
esen
t
th
e
u
n
it
m
a
s
s
o
f
r
o
tatin
g
r
o
lls
a
n
d
t
h
e
u
n
i
t
m
ass
o
f
t
h
e
b
elt
r
e
s
p
ec
tiv
el
y
r
e
m
a
in
f
air
l
y
co
n
s
ta
n
t
w
h
iles
t
h
e
co
n
v
e
y
o
r
s
y
s
te
m
is
i
n
s
talled
.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
T
F
ca
n
b
e
w
r
itte
n
as i
n
(
1
0
)
.
=
f
(
)
=
C
f
L
g
(
RR
+
2
Q
C
os
δ
)
+
(
C
f
L
g
C
os
δ
+
g
H
)
(
1
0
)
T
h
e
m
ec
h
a
n
ical
p
o
w
er
o
f
t
h
e
b
elt
co
n
v
e
y
o
r
ca
n
b
e
ca
lcu
late
d
u
s
in
g
(
1
1
)
[
2
0
,
2
2
]
.
=
F
×
ν
(
1
1
)
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J
E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
I
SS
N:
2088
-
8708
A
p
p
lica
tio
n
o
f res
is
ta
n
ce
en
erg
y
mo
d
el
to
o
p
timis
in
g
elec
tr
ic
p
o
w
er …
(
A
w
in
g
o
t R
ich
a
r
d
A
ka
p
r
ib
o
)
2865
No
w
,
b
ased
o
n
t
h
e
m
ec
h
a
n
ica
l
p
o
w
er
o
f
t
h
e
co
n
v
e
y
o
r
i
t
is
p
o
s
s
ib
le
to
ca
lc
u
late
t
h
e
e
lectr
i
c
p
o
w
er
o
f
th
e
d
r
iv
e
m
o
to
r
w
h
ich
s
ets t
h
e
b
elt
in
to
m
o
tio
n
u
s
i
n
g
(
1
2
)
[
2
0
,
2
2
]
.
=
(
1
2
)
w
h
e
r
e,
P
M
=
elec
tr
ic
p
o
w
er
d
r
a
w
n
b
y
t
h
e
d
r
iv
e
m
o
to
r
in
k
W
.
Fro
m
(
1
2
)
th
e
elec
tr
ic
p
o
w
er
o
f
th
e
d
r
iv
e
m
o
to
r
is
g
i
v
e
n
as:
=
=
.
ν
=
C
f
L
g
(
RR
+
2
Q
Co
s
δ
)
.
ν
+
(
C
f
L
g
Co
s
δ
+
g
H
)
Q
.
ν
(
1
3
)
L
et:
1
=
C
f
L
g
(
RR
+
2
Q
C
o
s
δ
)
an
d
2
=
(
C
f
L
g
C
o
s
δ
+
g H
)
th
en
(
1
3
)
r
ed
u
ce
s
to
(
1
4
)
.
C
1
an
d
C
2
ar
e
p
h
y
s
ical
p
ar
a
m
eter
s
th
a
t
ca
n
b
e
ca
lc
u
lated
f
o
r
a
g
iv
e
n
b
elt
co
n
v
e
y
o
r
s
y
s
te
m
[
1
4
-
1
6
]
.
=
+
2
ν
Q
=
ν
+
2
ν
3.6
×
=
ν
+
2
3.6
(
1
4
)
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
th
e
b
elt
co
n
v
e
y
o
r
’
s
elec
tr
ic
p
o
w
er
co
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
c
an
b
e
ex
p
r
ess
ed
as
a
f
u
n
ctio
n
o
f
ν
an
d
T
as
g
iv
e
n
in
(
1
5
)
.
=
f
(
ν
,T
)
=
1
ν
+
2
3.6
(
1
5
)
T
h
u
s
,
th
e
to
tal
elec
tr
ical
e
n
er
g
y
co
n
s
u
m
ed
ca
n
b
e
ca
lc
u
lat
ed
b
y
i
n
te
g
r
ati
n
g
(
1
5
)
o
v
er
a
g
iv
e
n
t
i
m
e
in
ter
v
al
0
t
to
1
t
.
T
h
is
is
g
i
v
e
n
in
(
1
6
)
.
ec
(
0
,
t
1
)
=
∫
f
(
ν
(
)
,
T
(
)
)
dt
1
0
=
1
∫
ν
(
)
dt
1
0
+
2
3.6
∫
T
(
)
dt
1
0
(
1
6
)
T
h
e
to
tal
en
er
g
y
co
s
t
ca
n
t
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
b
e
o
b
tain
ed
b
y
m
u
lt
ip
l
y
in
g
th
e
to
tal
elec
tr
ical
en
er
g
y
co
n
s
u
m
ed
b
y
th
e
T
OU
tar
if
f
f
u
n
ct
io
n
,
U
(
t)
as g
i
v
en
i
n
(
1
7
)
.
(
0
,
t
1
)
=
∫
f
(
ν
(
)
,
T
(
)
)
1
0
(
U
(
)
)
dt
=
1
∫
ν
(
)
U
(
)
dt
1
0
+
2
3.6
∫
T
(
)
U
(
)
dt
1
0
(
1
7
)
Fo
r
ea
s
e
o
f
d
is
cr
ete
-
ti
m
e
n
u
m
er
ica
l
an
al
y
s
is
,
t
h
e
e
n
er
g
y
co
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
f
u
n
ctio
n
o
f
(
1
6
)
an
d
th
e
co
s
t
f
u
n
ctio
n
(
1
7
)
ar
e
d
is
cr
etis
ed
.
L
et
t
h
e
s
a
m
p
lin
g
ti
m
e
b
e
g
i
v
e
n
as i
n
(
1
8
)
.
=
1
−
0
(
1
8
)
w
h
er
e,
N
=
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
s
a
m
p
le
s
.
No
w
,
th
e
d
is
cr
ete
f
o
r
m
o
f
t
h
e
to
tal
en
er
g
y
co
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
an
d
to
tal
en
er
g
y
co
s
t
ca
n
b
e
o
b
tain
ed
as in
(
1
9
)
an
d
(
2
0
)
.
ec
=
∑
f
(
,
T
)
=
1
(
1
9
)
=
∑
f
(
,
T
)
=
1
(
2
0
)
ec
an
d
ar
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
i
n
d
icato
r
s
,
w
h
ic
h
ar
e
to
b
e
em
p
lo
y
ed
a
s
th
e
o
b
j
ec
tiv
e
f
u
n
ct
io
n
s
f
o
r
o
p
ti
m
is
a
tio
n
.
4.
O
P
T
I
M
I
SAT
I
O
N
O
F
T
H
E
E
L
E
CT
R
I
CA
L
E
NE
RG
Y
E
F
F
I
C
I
E
NCY
O
F
T
H
E
B
E
L
T
CO
NVERYO
R
SYS
T
E
M
Ma
n
y
a
ti
m
e
,
b
elt
co
n
v
e
y
o
r
s
w
o
r
k
u
n
d
er
r
ed
u
ce
d
o
r
m
i
n
i
m
al
f
ee
d
r
ates.
So
m
eti
m
e
s
,
t
h
e
y
ev
e
n
r
u
n
o
n
n
o
lo
ad
d
u
e
to
m
is
m
atc
h
ed
f
ee
d
s
.
T
h
e
m
i
s
m
atch
b
et
w
ee
n
s
p
ee
d
an
d
th
e
f
ee
d
r
at
e
ex
i
s
ts
b
ec
au
s
e
i
n
p
r
ac
tice,
co
n
v
e
y
o
r
s
ten
d
to
o
p
er
ate
at
s
lig
h
tl
y
b
elo
w
f
u
ll
ca
p
ac
it
y
.
T
h
ey
ar
e
u
s
u
al
l
y
o
v
er
s
ized
d
u
r
in
g
d
esi
g
n
in
a
n
ticip
atio
n
o
f
ca
p
ac
it
y
e
x
p
an
s
io
n
s
a
n
d
s
o
m
eti
m
es
to
s
t
an
d
ar
d
is
e
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
t
s
izes
in
an
e
f
f
o
r
t
to
lo
w
er
m
ai
n
ten
a
n
ce
co
s
ts
[
2
4
]
.
I
t
co
u
ld
also
b
e
d
u
e
to
m
ater
ial
b
l
o
ck
ag
es.
I
n
m
i
n
i
n
g
ap
p
licatio
n
s
,
co
n
v
e
y
o
r
s
ar
e
at
ti
m
e
s
lo
ad
ed
b
y
an
e
x
ca
v
ato
r
r
esu
lti
n
g
in
an
u
n
e
v
en
lo
ad
in
g
o
f
th
e
b
elt,
s
o
th
at
th
e
o
v
er
all
m
a
ter
ial
f
lo
w
r
at
e
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8708
I
n
t J
E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
,
Vo
l.
10
,
No
.
3
,
J
u
n
e
2020
:
2
8
6
1
-
2873
2866
is
5
0
%
to
7
0
%
o
f
f
u
ll
ca
p
ac
it
y
[
2
5
]
.
I
n
th
i
s
r
esear
ch
th
e
r
ef
o
r
e,
w
e
tr
y
to
o
p
ti
m
i
s
e
th
e
elec
tr
ical
en
er
g
y
ef
f
icien
c
y
o
f
t
h
e
b
elt
co
n
v
e
y
o
r
b
y
m
atc
h
in
g
b
elt
s
p
ee
d
to
th
e
i
n
p
u
t
m
ater
ial
f
ee
d
r
ate
i
n
o
r
d
er
to
m
ax
i
m
is
e
th
e
m
as
s
o
f
m
ater
ial
co
n
v
e
y
ed
p
er
u
n
it
len
g
t
h
a
n
d
,
co
n
s
eq
u
en
tl
y
,
p
er
u
n
it
o
f
e
n
er
g
y
.
T
o
ac
h
iev
e
t
h
is
,
th
e
elec
tr
ic
p
o
w
er
is
e
m
p
lo
y
ed
as th
e
o
b
j
ec
tiv
e
f
u
n
ctio
n
f
o
r
m
i
n
i
m
is
at
io
n
f
o
r
m
u
lated
a
s
f
o
llo
w
s
:
Min
=
f
(
,
T
)
Su
b
j
ec
t to
T
m
i
n
≤
T
≤
T
m
a
x
≤
≤
w
h
er
e,
f
(
ν
,
T
)
=
f
u
n
ctio
n
o
f
elec
tr
ic
p
o
w
er
d
r
a
w
n
b
y
t
h
e
d
r
iv
e
m
o
to
r
=
m
in
i
m
u
m
b
elt
s
p
ee
d
in
m
/s
=
m
ax
i
m
u
m
b
elt
s
p
ee
d
in
m
/s
T
m
i
n
=
m
in
i
m
u
m
b
elt
f
ee
d
r
ate
in
t
/
h
T
m
ax
=
m
ax
i
m
u
m
b
elt
f
ee
d
r
ate
in
t/
h
4
.
1
.
Co
m
p
ute
r
s
i
m
u
la
t
io
ns
o
f
t
he
belt
co
nv
ey
o
r
s
y
s
t
e
m
Si
m
u
latio
n
s
o
f
t
h
e
o
p
ti
m
i
s
a
tio
n
p
r
o
b
lem
w
er
e
ca
r
r
ied
o
u
t
in
M
A
T
L
A
B
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
t
u
s
in
g
th
e
o
p
ti
m
i
s
atio
n
to
o
lb
o
x
.
I
t
p
r
o
v
id
es
f
u
n
ctio
n
s
f
o
r
f
in
d
i
n
g
p
ar
a
m
eter
s
t
h
at
m
in
i
m
i
s
e
o
r
m
ax
i
m
is
e
o
b
j
ec
tiv
es
w
h
ile
s
ati
s
f
y
i
n
g
co
n
s
tr
ain
t
s
.
T
h
e
to
o
lb
o
x
in
clu
d
e
s
s
o
l
v
er
s
f
o
r
li
n
ea
r
p
r
o
g
r
a
m
m
i
n
g
,
m
i
x
ed
-
i
n
te
g
er
li
n
ea
r
p
r
o
g
r
am
m
i
n
g
,
q
u
ad
r
atic
p
r
o
g
r
a
m
m
in
g
,
n
o
n
li
n
ea
r
o
p
ti
m
i
s
ati
o
n
,
an
d
n
o
n
lin
ea
r
lea
s
t
s
q
u
ar
es.
T
h
ese
s
o
lv
er
s
ca
n
b
e
u
s
ed
to
f
i
n
d
o
p
ti
m
al
s
o
l
u
tio
n
s
to
co
n
ti
n
u
o
u
s
an
d
d
is
c
r
ete
p
r
o
b
lem
s
,
p
er
f
o
r
m
tr
ad
e
-
o
f
f
a
n
al
y
s
e
s
,
a
n
d
in
co
r
p
o
r
ate
o
p
tim
is
a
tio
n
m
et
h
o
d
s
in
to
alg
o
r
ith
m
s
a
n
d
ap
p
licatio
n
s
.
T
h
e
“f
m
i
n
co
n
”
s
o
l
v
er
f
in
d
s
a
m
in
i
m
u
m
o
f
a
co
n
s
tr
ain
ed
m
u
l
tiv
ar
iab
le
f
u
n
ct
io
n
u
s
i
n
g
t
h
e
i
n
ter
io
r
p
o
i
n
t
alg
o
r
it
h
m
.
I
t
f
i
n
d
s
th
e
m
i
n
i
m
u
m
o
f
a
p
r
o
b
lem
s
p
ec
if
ied
b
y
:
min
(
)
s
uc
h tha
t
{
(
)
≤
0
c
e
q
(
)
=
0
•
≤
A
e
q
•
=
b
e
q
lb
≤
≤
ub
w
h
er
e,
b
an
d
b
eq
=
v
ec
to
r
s
A
a
n
d
A
eq
=
m
atr
ices
c(
x
)
an
d
ce
q
(
x
)
=
f
u
n
ctio
n
s
th
at
r
etu
r
n
v
ec
to
r
s
f
(
x
)
=
f
u
n
ctio
n
th
at
r
et
u
r
n
s
a
s
ca
lar
lb
an
d
u
b
=
th
e
lo
w
er
b
o
u
n
d
ar
y
an
d
u
p
p
er
b
o
u
n
d
ar
y
a
n
d
ca
n
b
e
p
ass
ed
as v
ec
to
r
s
o
r
m
atr
ices.
f
(
x
)
,
c(
x
)
,
an
d
ce
q
(
x
)
ca
n
b
e
li
n
ea
r
o
r
n
o
n
lin
ea
r
f
u
n
ctio
n
s
o
f
x
.
5.
RE
SU
L
T
S AN
D
D
I
SCU
SS
I
O
NS
T
h
is
s
ec
tio
n
p
r
esen
t
s
t
h
e
r
esu
lts
an
d
d
is
c
u
s
s
io
n
s
o
f
th
e
r
ese
ar
ch
.
T
h
e
r
esu
lts
f
r
o
m
f
ie
ld
s
t
u
d
ies
an
d
co
m
p
u
t
er
s
i
m
u
latio
n
s
o
f
t
h
e
b
elt
co
n
v
e
y
o
r
s
y
s
te
m
ar
e
d
is
c
u
s
s
ed
.
5
.
1
.
F
ield studies
re
s
ults
T
h
e
r
esu
lts
f
r
o
m
th
e
f
ield
s
t
u
d
ies ar
e
p
r
esen
ted
in
Fi
g
u
r
e
4
an
d
Fig
u
r
e
5
.
Fig
u
r
e
4
.
Gr
ap
h
o
f
elec
tr
ic
p
o
w
er
co
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
ag
ain
s
t b
elt
s
p
ee
d
at
co
n
s
ta
n
t
f
ee
d
r
ate
o
f
T
=
6
5
.
4
t/h
Fig
u
r
e
5.
Gr
ap
h
o
f
elec
tr
ic
p
o
w
er
co
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
ag
ain
s
t
f
ee
d
r
ate
at
co
n
s
tan
t b
elt
s
p
ee
d
o
f
ν
=
3
.
7
m
/s
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J
E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
I
SS
N:
2088
-
8708
A
p
p
lica
tio
n
o
f res
is
ta
n
ce
en
erg
y
mo
d
el
to
o
p
timis
in
g
elec
tr
ic
p
o
w
er …
(
A
w
in
g
o
t R
ich
a
r
d
A
ka
p
r
ib
o
)
2867
5
.
2
.
Resul
t
s
o
f
co
m
pu
t
er
s
i
m
u
la
t
io
n f
o
r
o
pti
m
i
s
a
t
io
n
T
h
e
co
m
p
u
ter
s
i
m
u
latio
n
s
w
e
r
e
m
ea
n
t
to
f
i
n
d
th
e
o
p
ti
m
al
s
o
l
u
tio
n
s
o
f
th
e
s
y
s
te
m
o
f
b
elt
co
n
v
e
y
o
r
s
f
o
r
b
elt
s
p
ee
d
an
d
f
ee
d
r
ate
b
o
th
v
ar
y
i
n
g
f
r
o
m
m
i
n
i
m
u
m
to
m
a
x
i
m
u
m
v
al
u
es
i.e
.
,
m
in
≤
≤
max
an
d
T
m
in
≤
T
≤
T
m
ax
r
esp
ec
ti
v
el
y
.
T
h
is
w
a
s
n
ec
ess
ar
y
to
i
m
p
r
o
v
e
th
e
o
p
er
atio
n
ef
f
icie
n
c
y
o
f
t
h
e
b
elt
co
n
v
e
y
o
r
s
b
y
m
atc
h
in
g
b
elt
s
p
ee
d
to
t
h
e
i
n
p
u
t
m
ater
ial
f
ee
d
r
ate
i
n
o
r
d
er
to
m
a
x
i
m
is
e
th
e
m
ass
o
f
m
a
ter
ial
co
n
v
e
y
ed
p
er
u
n
i
t
len
g
t
h
an
d
,
co
n
s
eq
u
e
n
tl
y
,
p
er
u
n
it
o
f
en
er
g
y
.
T
h
e
o
p
tim
is
a
tio
n
p
r
o
b
le
m
w
a
s
s
o
l
v
ed
r
ep
ea
ted
ly
f
o
r
ea
ch
o
f
th
e
t
w
elv
e
co
n
v
e
y
o
r
s
w
h
en
th
e
f
ee
d
r
ate
w
a
s
v
ar
ied
f
r
o
m
1
0
0
t/h
to
2
0
0
0
t/h
.
R
es
u
lt
s
o
f
th
e
p
lo
t o
f
t
h
e
f
ee
d
r
ate
at
co
n
v
e
y
o
r
b
ase
ca
s
e
o
p
er
atin
g
s
p
ee
d
o
f
4
.
5
m
/s
w
h
ic
h
i
s
co
n
s
tan
t
an
d
at
t
h
e
o
p
ti
m
is
ed
s
p
ee
d
,
ν
v
ar
y
i
n
g
f
r
o
m
2
m
/
s
to
6
m
/s
ag
a
in
s
t
elec
tr
ic
p
o
w
er
co
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
o
n
t
h
e
s
a
m
e
g
r
ap
h
f
o
r
th
e
t
w
el
v
e
co
n
v
e
y
o
r
s
ar
e
g
i
v
en
i
n
Fi
g
u
r
e
s
6
-
1
7
.
T
h
e
m
i
n
i
m
u
m
a
n
d
m
a
x
i
m
u
m
s
p
ee
d
v
a
lu
e
s
s
elec
ted
h
er
e
w
er
e
b
ased
o
n
b
elt
co
n
v
e
y
o
r
s
m
a
n
u
f
ac
t
u
r
er
’
s
m
an
u
al.
Fig
u
r
e
6
.
C
o
m
p
u
ter
s
i
m
u
latio
n
r
esu
lts
o
f
o
p
ti
m
is
at
io
n
f
o
r
t
h
e
cr
u
s
h
er
co
n
v
e
y
o
r
C
VR
1
2
Fig
u
r
e
7.
C
o
m
p
u
ter
s
i
m
u
latio
n
r
esu
lts
o
f
o
p
ti
m
is
at
io
n
f
o
r
t
h
e
cr
u
s
h
er
co
n
v
e
y
o
r
C
VR
1
3
Fig
u
r
e
8
.
C
o
m
p
u
ter
s
i
m
u
latio
n
r
esu
lts
o
f
o
p
ti
m
is
at
io
n
f
o
r
t
h
e
cr
u
s
h
er
co
n
v
e
y
o
r
C
VR
1
4
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8708
I
n
t J
E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
,
Vo
l.
10
,
No
.
3
,
J
u
n
e
2020
:
2
8
6
1
-
2873
2868
Fig
u
r
e
9
.
C
o
m
p
u
ter
s
i
m
u
latio
n
r
esu
lts
o
f
o
p
ti
m
is
at
io
n
f
o
r
t
h
e
cr
u
s
h
er
co
n
v
e
y
o
r
C
VR
1
5
Fig
u
r
e
1
0
.
C
o
m
p
u
ter
s
i
m
u
lati
o
n
r
esu
lt
s
o
f
o
p
ti
m
i
s
atio
n
f
o
r
t
h
e
cr
u
s
h
er
co
n
v
e
y
o
r
C
V
R
1
6
Fig
u
r
e
1
1
.
C
o
m
p
u
ter
s
i
m
u
lati
o
n
r
esu
lt
s
o
f
o
p
ti
m
i
s
atio
n
f
o
r
t
h
e
cr
u
s
h
er
co
n
v
e
y
o
r
C
V
R
1
7
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J
E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
I
SS
N:
2088
-
8708
A
p
p
lica
tio
n
o
f res
is
ta
n
ce
en
erg
y
mo
d
el
to
o
p
timis
in
g
elec
tr
ic
p
o
w
er …
(
A
w
in
g
o
t R
ich
a
r
d
A
ka
p
r
ib
o
)
2869
Fig
u
r
e
1
2
.
C
o
m
p
u
ter
s
i
m
u
lati
o
n
r
esu
lt
s
o
f
o
p
ti
m
i
s
atio
n
f
o
r
t
h
e
cr
u
s
h
er
co
n
v
e
y
o
r
C
V
R
1
8
Fig
u
r
e
1
3
.
C
o
m
p
u
ter
s
i
m
u
lati
o
n
r
esu
lt
s
o
f
o
p
ti
m
i
s
atio
n
f
o
r
t
h
e
cr
u
s
h
er
co
n
v
e
y
o
r
C
V
R
1
9
Fig
u
r
e
1
4
.
C
o
m
p
u
ter
s
i
m
u
lati
o
n
r
esu
lt
s
o
f
o
p
ti
m
i
s
atio
n
f
o
r
t
h
e
o
v
er
lan
d
co
n
v
e
y
o
r
C
VR
5
B
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8708
I
n
t J
E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
,
Vo
l.
10
,
No
.
3
,
J
u
n
e
2020
:
2
8
6
1
-
2873
2870
Fig
u
r
e
1
5
.
C
o
m
p
u
ter
s
i
m
u
lati
o
n
r
esu
lt
s
o
f
o
p
ti
m
i
s
atio
n
f
o
r
t
h
e
o
v
er
lan
d
co
n
v
e
y
o
r
C
VR
5
C
Fig
u
r
e
1
6
.
C
o
m
p
u
ter
s
i
m
u
lati
o
n
r
esu
lt
s
o
f
o
p
ti
m
i
s
atio
n
f
o
r
t
h
e
o
v
er
lan
d
co
n
v
e
y
o
r
C
VR
5
D
Fig
u
r
e
1
7
.
C
o
m
p
u
ter
s
i
m
u
lati
o
n
r
esu
lt
s
o
f
o
p
ti
m
i
s
atio
n
f
o
r
t
h
e
o
v
er
lan
d
co
n
v
e
y
o
r
C
VR
0
6
5
.
3
.
E
lect
rica
l e
nerg
y
a
nd
co
s
t
s
a
v
ing
a
na
ly
s
es
T
h
e
p
o
w
er
s
a
v
i
n
g
s
f
o
r
ea
ch
co
n
v
e
y
o
r
f
o
r
g
i
v
en
o
p
er
atin
g
ca
p
ac
itie
s
w
er
e
ca
lcu
lated
b
y
s
u
m
m
i
n
g
th
e
d
i
f
f
er
e
n
ce
s
in
p
o
w
er
co
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
b
et
w
ee
n
t
h
e
o
p
ti
m
is
e
d
ca
s
e
an
d
th
e
b
ase
ca
s
e
at
ea
ch
f
ee
d
r
ate
p
o
in
t
.
T
h
e
p
er
ce
n
tag
e
s
av
i
n
g
s
w
er
e
ca
lcu
lated
u
s
i
n
g
(
1
7
)
.
T
h
e
r
esu
lt
s
o
f
th
e
ca
lc
u
latio
n
s
f
o
r
ea
ch
o
f
th
e
t
w
el
v
e
co
n
v
e
y
o
r
s
ar
e
g
iv
e
n
i
n
T
ab
le
1
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.