Inter national J our nal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) V ol. 8, No. 4, August 2018, pp. 2021 2028 ISSN: 2088-8708 2021       I ns t it u t e  o f  A d v a nce d  Eng ine e r i ng  a nd  S cie nce   w     w     w       i                       l       c       m     A No v el W ideband Bandpass Filter using H-shaped DGS V an-Phuong Do, Duy-Manh Luong, Chi-Hieu T a, and Minh-T an Doan Department of Radio Electronic Engineering, Le Quy Don T echnical Uni v ersity , Hanoi, V ietnam Article Inf o Article history: Recei v ed October 4, 2017 Re vised March 14, 2018 Accepted: April 2, 2018 K eyw ord: Bandpass filter defected ground structure DGS unit H-shaped DGS W ideband bandpass filter ABSTRA CT This paper presents a no v el compact wide-band bandpass filter (BPF) ha ving good se- lecti vity . It is designed using a dual-plane structure which consists of a parallel-coupled microstrip line on the upper surf ace and three H-shape defected ground structure (DGS) on the ground plane. By adding three H-shape DGS units on the ground plane, then properly adjusting their dimensions and position, the bandwidth and selecti vity of the de- signed filter can be significantly impro v ed. A com pact prototype of wide-band microstrip bandpass filter has been designed, f abricated and measured to apply for the wireless sys- tems. The filter sho ws a center frequenc y at 4.8 GHz, passband from 2.8 GHz to 6.8 GHz with maximum insertion loss and return loss of 0.8 dB and 40 dB, respecti v ely . The mea- sured results agrees well with the theoretical e xpectations v alidating the proposed design. Copyright c 2018 Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science . All rights r eserved. Corresponding A uthor: Name: V an-Phuong Do Af filiation Address: 236, Hoang Quoc V iet, Hanoi, V ietnam Phone: 0995155168 Email: dvphuongntcity@gmail.com, phuongdo v an@tcu.edu.vn 1. INTR ODUCTION Recently , the microstrip wide-band bandpass filter (BPF) with high performance has become one of the most important circuit components in the modern broadband wireless communication systems [1]. Furthermore, it has recei v ed much attention due to the promising adv ant ages such as high selecti vity , small size, lo w cost and easy f abrication. In [2], by adjusting dimensions of the meandered transv ersal resonator and asymmetrical interdigital coupled lines, a wideband microstrip BPF with good rejection in out of the band has been designed and f abricated. Ho we v er , these filters ha v e a major disadv antage of lar ge size. In [3], another wide-band bandpass filt er using the folded multiple-mode resonator is designed. Ho we v er , this filter has a dra wback of weak isolation between the input and output. In [4], [5] authors an application of the DGS to can signifi cantly impro v e the reflection coef ficient ( S 11 ) of microstrip antennas. F or microstri p bandpass filter design, In [6], [7], the complementary split- ring resonator (CSRR) is etched on the ground plane. It is used as the basic resonant unit to design the wideband bandpass filter with good wideband response. Ho we v er , the filter of this type is either quite lar ge in size or has a comple x structure. In [8], the method to design the UWB bandpass filter using a transmission line structure with tw o embedded U-s hape slots and a dumbbell shape DGS periodic array etched on the ground in order to obtain the wide stopband ef fect b ut this filter is sti ll b ulk y . It has a relati v ely lar ger size, up t o 24 mm in length. In [9] , a no v el wideband bandpass filters with compact size and lo w insertion loss using DGS slots were designed and analyzed. In [10], an UWB BPF with high selecti vity w as proposed. Its design consists of a high-lo w impedance microstrip line, a short-circuited stub combined with dif ferent DGSs (H-shape DGS slots and dumbbell-shape DGS slots). Ho we v er , this type of filters is also lar ge in size with a relati v ely complicated structure. In this paper , we present a technical solution to the abo v ementioned dra wbacks of the bandpass filter by using the H-shaped DGS units for wide-band filter design with the aim of impro ving its performance in passband and stopband characteristics. A no v el compact wide-band microstrip bandpass filter using H-shaped DGS using a parallel-coupled microstrip line resonator on the upper surf ace combined with three H-shaped DGS units on the ground plane is designed and f abricated. The theoretical design, simulation and e xperimental results of the filter are presented and discussed. J ournal Homepage: http://iaescor e .com/journals/inde x.php/IJECE       I ns t it u t e  o f  A d v a nce d  Eng ine e r i ng  a nd  S cie nce   w     w     w       i                       l       c       m     DOI:  10.11591/ijece.v8i4.pp2021-2028 Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
2022 ISSN: 2088-8708 2. RESON ANT PR OPER TY OF H-SHAPED DGS The DGSs is etched on the ground plane of the pla n a r filter , the y disturb the shi eld current distrib ution on the ground plane leading to the change in characteristics of the resonant circuit in the upper plane. This structure can suppress the harmonics, reduce the ph ysical dimensions and impro v e stopband and passband characteristics of the microstrip filter [11]. There are man y a v ailable DGSs with dif fer ent shapes as presented in [12], [13]. Where, the dumbbell-shaped DGS is structured v ery simply and can be easily adjusted its geometry dimensions to tune the characteristics of the resonance circuits. The structure of a dumbbell-s haped DGS unit comprises tw o rectangular etched defects with the dimensions of ( a b ) in backside metallic ground plane. The y are connected to each other by a narro w slot with the dimensions of ( g d ) as sho wn in Figure 1(a). Figure 1. The structure and the equi v alent circuit of DGS dumbbell-shaped. (a) Structure. ( b) Equi v alent circuit [11]. By changing the geometry of the rectangular etched defects, one can change the inductance of the dumb- bell shaped DGS unit while changing the narro w slot size, its capacitance can be v aried [14]. Therefore, the dumbbell shaped DGS unit can be treated as a parallel LC resonant circuit as indicated in Figure 1(b). Its equi v a- lent L and C v alues are determined as belo w . L = 1 4 2 f 2 0 C (1) C = f C 4 Z 0 ( f 2 0 f 2 C ) (2) where, f 0 is the resonant frequenc y of the parallel LC resonant circuit, f C is the cutof f frequenc y of the prototype lo w-pass filter and Z 0 denotes the scaled impedance of the in/out terminated ports, and is gi v en by the prototype v alue of the Butterw orth type lo w pass filter . It is noted that, since there is no e xplicit correlation between the ph ysical dimensi ons and the parameters of the LC equi v alent circuit, the performance of the dumbbell-shaped DGS is only predictable through an optimization process. Applying promising propert ies of t he dumbbell-shaped DGS to wide-band BPF design, we propose a no v el compact wide-band BPF using H-shaped DGSs. The detailed design process will be presented in the follo wing sections. 3. AN AL YSIS AND DESIGN OF PR OPOSED FIL TER T o design the proposed wide-band microstrip bandpass filter we first design a parallel-coupled microstrip line resonator on the upper plane as indicated in Figure 2(a). It is composed of tw o microstrip transmission-line sections w ork ed as half-w a v elength resonators. In this case, the tw o resonant frequencies may be o v erlapped or split depending on the geometrical conditions of the structure. The stronger coupling can be achie v ed when narro wing the distance S . The e n e r gy then will be coupled to the output forming a passband, as depicted in Figure 2(b). The dimensions of the parallel-coupled microstrip line resonator are set as L 1 = 2.1 mm, L 2 = 9.7 mm, W 1 = 1.4 mm, W 2 = 0.6 mm and S = 0.38 mm. Ho we v er , the distance S cannot be too narro w and the couple line cannot form transmission if S is too lar ger . This means there should be an optimum v alue for S. IJECE V ol. 8, No. 4, August 2018: 2021 2028 Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IJECE ISSN: 2088-8708 2023 (a) (b) Figure 2. Layout and response of the wide-band BPF without H-shaped DGS. (a) Layout. (b) Frequenc y responses. (a) (b) Figure 3. . Layout and responses of the wide-band micostrip BPF with a H-shaped DGS unit. (a) Layout, (b) Frequenc y responses. A No vel W ideband Bandpass F ilter using H-shaped DGS (V an-Phuong Do) Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
2024 ISSN: 2088-8708 T o impro v e the characteristics of parallel-coupled microstrip line resonator on the upper surf ace, we design an additional H-shaped DGS unit at the center of the ground plane as sho wn in Figure 3(a). The initial H-shaped DGS model and L , C v alues are determined by equations (1) and (2). The dimensions of the H-shaped DGS are designed as a = 7 mm, b = 0.6 mm, d = 5 mm, g = 0.4 mm and c = 3.3 mm. Since the ener gy i s coupled by the H-shaped DGS, its resonant frequenc y is close to the center frequenc y of the passband of the parallel-coupled microstrip line resonator . The simulated results are sho wn in Figure 3(b) which is obtained with dif ferent H-shaped DGS locations. A position with v alue of L x = 15 mm, L y = 15 mm seems to be good for S 11 v S 21 . Ne v ertheless it can be seen, from these results that the quality of such a proposed filter is limited and not suf ficient for wireless telecommuni- cation application. Figure 4. Layout of the proposed wide-band microstrip BPF with three H-shaped DGS units. T o enhance the quality of the proposed filt er which meets requirements of the wireless systems, we add tw o additional H-shaped DGS units on the ground plane as illustrated in Figure 4. This addition will increase the de gree of freedom of the tuned parameters for the proposed filter leading to high possibility of perofrmance impro v ement. As mentioned before, the resonant frequenc y and bandwidth of the proposed filter can be adjusted easily by changing the geometric dimensions of three H-shaped DGS units on the ground plane. W e properly adjust the dimensions of three H-shaped DGS unit s, then the tar get resonant frequenc y and bandwidth can be obtained as depicted in Figure 5 and Figure 6, respecti v ely . Figure 5 sho ws that when changing dimensions a and g of the central H-shaped DGS unit, desired prop- ag ation characteristics of the proposed filter can be achie v ed. a has an significant ef fect on the return loss. As the dimensions of a increases from 6 mm to 8 mm, the return loss v aries remarkably . A v alue of a = 7 mm should be good. Similarly , a v alue of g = 0.4 mm seems to be the good for performance impro v ement. In this case, the bandwidth can be slightly v aried. It is noted that changing in dimensions b and d has no remarkable impact on S 11 and S 21 impro v ement [11]. Besides, the bandwidth also v aries slightly . In addition, Figure 6 indicates that, when adjusting the dimensi on s p and m of the tw o side H-shaped DGS units the desired S 11 can be achie v ed. V arying p and m has an ef fect on the return loss and bandwidth. And a pair v alue of p = 0.5 mm and m = 7.5 mm seems to be the good for performance impro v ement. Changing in n and o of H-shaped DGS has no ef fect on S 11 and S 21 impro v ement. Ho we v er , in this case the bandwidth bandpass of the proposed filter gets de graded from 4.15 GHz to 3.58 GHz as sho wn in Figure 7. From the abo v e deep in v estig ations, a set of optimized dimensions for the filter can be realized as: the parallel-coupled microstrip line resonator on the upper surf ace with L 1 = 2.1 mm, L 2 = 9.7 mm, W 1 = 1.4 mm, W 2 = 0.6 mm, S = 0.38 mm; the H-shaped DGS units at cent er on the ground plane with a = 7 mm, b = 0.6 mm, d = 5 mm, g = 0.4 mm and c = 3.3 mm; and tw o horizontal H-shaped DGS units on the ground plane with m = 7.5 mm, n = 0.5 mm, o = 2.3 mm and p = 0.5 mm. Such a filter e xhibits a passband center frequenc y of 4.93 GHz, passband bandwidth of 72.6 % (from 3.14 GHz to 6.72 GHz); within the passband, the insertion loss is less than 0.68 dB while the return loss is better than 31.5 dB. This superior performance of the designed wide-band bandpass filter with three H-shape DGS units IJECE V ol. 8, No. 4, August 2018: 2021 2028 Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IJECE ISSN: 2088-8708 2025 (a) (b) Figure 5. Simulated frequenc y responses of the proposed wide-band microstrip BPF with dif ferent a and g . The dimensions of the center H-shaped DGS unit are a = 7 mm, b = 0.6 mm, d = 5 mm and g = 0.4 mm. (a) (b) Figure 6. Simulated frequenc y responses of the proposed wide-band microstrip BPF with dif ferent p and m . The dimensions of the upper and lo wer H-shaped DGS unit are m = 7.5 mm, n = 0.5 mm, o = 2.3 mm and p = 0.5 mm. A No vel W ideband Bandpass F ilter using H-shaped DGS (V an-Phuong Do) Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
2026 ISSN: 2088-8708 Figure 7. Simulated frequenc y responses of the proposed wide-band microstrip BPF . compared to the pre viously filter without DGS demonstrates v alidity of the proposed design (especially in terms of the insertion loss, the passband ripple and the 3 dB bandwidth). 4. F ABRICA TION OF THE PR OPOSED FIL TER AND DISCUSS One prototype of the proposed wide-band microstrip bandpass filter using H-shaped DGS has been de- signed and f abricated on a substrate R O 4350 with " r = 3.66 and h = 0.762 mm. (a) (b) Figure 8. Photograph of the proposed wide-band microtrip BPF . (a) T op vie w . (b) Bottom vie w . The f abricated filter photograph is sho wn in Figure 8, the size of the filter is (18 7.8) mm which is quite compact. The measured results of the f abricated filter are sho wn in Figure 9, where good agreement between the simulation and measurement can be clearly observ ed. The measured 3 dB fractional bandwidth of the f abricated filter achie v es 83.3 % (2.8 - 6.8) GHz. The center frequenc y is 4.8 GHz. The maximum passband insertion loss is 0.8 dB and the maximum return loss is 40 dB. This measured performance is v ery promising for the wireless communications application. The small de viations between the simulated and measured results is considered due to our poor soldering craft and error in f abrication or measurement system. 5. CONCLUSION This paper presents a no v el technical solution for impro v ement of wide-band bandpass filter performance in the stopband and passband by using the H-shaped DGS units. A compact wide-band microstrip BPF using parallel-coupled microstrip line resonator and three H-shape DGS units has been designed and f abricated. The measured results sho w that the filter w orks well at the frequenc y r ange of 2.8 GHz to 6.8 GHz. The maximum IJECE V ol. 8, No. 4, August 2018: 2021 2028 Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IJECE ISSN: 2088-8708 2027 fig_WB/S11-21_mp-do_3xog_PDF.pdf Figure 9. Simulated and measured responses of the proposed wide-band microstrip BPF . passband insertion loss is 0.8 dB and the maximum return loss is 40 dB. Therefore, the filter fits well for v arious wireless communication systems such as micro w a v e Access (W iMAX) at 3.5 GHz, INSA T C-band at 4.6 GHz, W ireless Local Area Netw ork (WLAN) at 5.6 GHz applications. V ery good agreement between simulations and measurements demonstrates v alidity of the prosed design strate gies. REFERENCES [1] M. Nosrati and M. Mirzaee, ”Compact wideband microstrip bandpass filter using quasi-spiral loaded multiple- mode resonator , IEEE Micro w . W ireless Compon. Lett. , v ol. 20, pp. 607-609, 2010. [2] S. Sun, L. Zhu, and H.-H. T an, ”A compac t wideband bandpass filter using transv ersal resonator and asym- metrical interdigital coupled lines, IEEE Micro w . W ireless Compon. Lett. , v ol. 18, pp. 173-175, 2008. [3] H. W ang, Q.-X. Chu, and J.-Q. Gong, ”A compact wideband microstrip filter using folded multiple-mode resonator , IEEE Micro w a v e and W ireless Components Letters , v ol. 19, pp. 287-289, 2009. [4] I. Zahraoui, A. Errkik, M. Abounaima, A. T ajmouati, L. Abdellaoui, and M. Latrach, ”A Ne w Planar Multi- band Ant enna for GPS, ISM and W iMAX Applications, International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE), v ol. 7, pp. 2018-2026, 2017. [5] S. Elajoumi, A. T ajmouati, A. Errkik, A. Sanchez, and M. Latrach, ”Microstrip Rectangular Monopole Anten- nas with Defected Ground for UWB Applications, International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineer - ing (IJECE), v ol. 7, pp. 2027-2035, 2017. [6] X. Lai, Q. Li, P .-Y . Qin, B. W u, and C.-H. Liang, ”A no v el wideband bandpass filter based on complementary split-ring resonator , Progress In Electromagnetics Research C , v ol. 1, pp. 177-184, 2008. [7] X. Luo, H. Qian, J.-G. Ma, and E.-P . Li, ”W ideband bandpass filter with e xcellent selecti vity using ne w CSRR- based resonator , Electronics letters , v ol. 46, pp. 1390-1391, 2010. [8] G. Y ang, R. Jin, and J. Geng, ”Planar microstrip UWB bandpass filter using U-shaped slot coupling structure, Electronics Letters , v ol. 42, pp. 1461-1463, 2006. [9] Q. Song, H. Cheng, X. W ang, L. Xu, X. Chen, and X. Shi, ”No v el wideband bandpass filter inte grating HMSIW with DGS, Journal of Electromagnetic W a v es and Applications , v ol. 23, pp. 2031-2040, 2009. [10] G.-M. Y ang, R. Jin, C. V ittoria, V . Harris, and N. Sun, ”Small ultra-wideband (UWB) bandpass filter with notched band, IEEE Micro w a v e and W ireless Components Letters , v ol. 18, pp. 176-178, 2008. [11] D. Ahn, J.-S. P ark, C.-S. Kim, J. Kim, Y . Qian, and T . Itoh, ”A design of the lo w-pass filter using the no v el microstrip defected ground structure, IEEE T ran. Micro w . Theo. T echn. , v ol. 49, pp. 86-93, 2001. [12] C. Gar g and M. Kaur , ”A re vie w of defected ground structure (DGS) in micro w a v e design, International Journal of Inno v ati v e Research in Electrical, Electronics, Instrumentation and Control Engineering , v ol. 2, 2014. [13] A. K umar and M. Kartik e yan, ”Design and realization of microstrip filters with ne w defected ground structure (DGS), Engineering Science and T echnology , an International Journal , v ol. 20, pp. 679-686, 2017. [14] A. K umar and M. Kartik e yan, ”Design and realization of microstrip filters with ne w defected ground structure (DGS), Engineering Science and T echnology , an International Journal , v ol. 20, pp. 679-686, 2017. A No vel W ideband Bandpass F ilter using H-shaped DGS (V an-Phuong Do) Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
2028 ISSN: 2088-8708 BIOGRAPHIES OF A UTHORS V an-Phuong Do graduated Colle ge specialized T elecommunications engineering from T elecom- munication Uni v ersity , Nhatrang, Khanhhoa, V ietnam, in 1996. He recei v ed the B.Eng and M.Eng de grees in Radio Elictronic Engineering from Le Qui Don T echnical Uni v ersity , Hanoi, V ietnam in 2000 and 2003, respecti v ely . He is currently a teacher and pursuing the Ph.D. de gree in elec- tronic engineering at Le Quy Don T echnical Uni v ersity , Hanoi. His research interest includes the technique of electronic, fundamental study of micro w a v e technical and design of micro w a v e filter . E-mail: dvphuongntcity@gmail.com; phuongdo v an@tcu.edu.vn Duy-Manh Luong recei v ed the B.S. and M.S. de grees in ph ysics from Hanoi Uni v ersity of Sci- ence (HUS), a member of V ietnam National. Uni v ersity (VNU), Hanoi, V iet nam, in 2005 and 2007, respecti v ely , and the D.E. de gree in electronics engineering from the Uni v ersity of Electro- Communications (UEC), T ok yo, Japan, in March 2016. He is currently a specially appointed researcher at Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka Uni v ersity , Japan. His research interests include de v elopment of micro w a v e semiconductor de vices and circuits and millimeter - w a v e (mm W) systems for wireless communication applications based on resonant tunneling diodes (R TDs) and photonic crystals. Chi-Hieu T a w as born in V inh Phuc in 1970. He graduated the Military T echnical Academy in 1994 with hornor . He got his MSc de gree in electronic engineering in the National Defense Academy of Japan in 2002 and his PhD de gree in signal processing in the Uni v ersity of Strathclyde, United Kingdom in 2008. He is currently w orking at the F aculty of Radio Electroni cs, Military T echnical Academy . His research interests include precoding and equalization for MIMO systems, micro w a v e engineering and computational electromagnetics. Minh-T an Doan recei v ed the B.Eng and M.Eng de grees in Radio Elictronic Engineering from Le Qui Don T echnical Uni v ersity , Hanoi, V ietnam in 2000 and 2003, respecti v ely , Ph.D. de gree in Department of Communication Engineering Nanjing Uni v ersity of Science and T echnology , Nan- jing, China in 2012, He is currently a lecturer of F aculty of Radio-Electronics Engineering, Le Qui Don T echnical Uni v ersity , Hanoi. His research interests include the design of micro w a v e filter and associated RF modules for micro w a v e and signal processing for communication. IJECE V ol. 8, No. 4, August 2018: 2021 2028 Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.