Internati
o
nal
Journal of Ele
c
trical
and Computer
Engineering
(IJE
CE)
Vol.
5, No. 6, Decem
ber
2015, pp. 1354~
1
362
I
S
SN
: 208
8-8
7
0
8
1
354
Jo
urn
a
l
h
o
me
pa
ge
: h
ttp
://iaesjo
u
r
na
l.com/
o
n
lin
e/ind
e
x.ph
p
/
IJECE
A Novice Approach of
Designing CMOS Bas
e
d Switch
able
Filters for ASP Applications
R
a
j
i
nder Tiwa
ri,
G R M
i
shra
Department o
f
Electrical and
Electronics Engin
e
ering, Amit
y
Un
iversity
, Lu
ckno
w, India
Article Info
A
B
STRAC
T
Article histo
r
y:
Received
May 30, 2015
Rev
i
sed
Ju
l 3
,
2
015
Accepte
d
J
u
l 26, 2015
A switchable filter can
be d
e
sign
ed and
f
a
bricated with the desired range
and
pa
ra
me
t
e
rs,
ma
te
ri
al
s say
quar
t
z substrate for RF ME
MS based
applications.
The m
a
th
em
ati
cal
m
odeling
of th
e reso
nators using
the d
e
sired
charact
e
risti
c
s of the capacitiv
e
coupled f
ilt
ers can be im
plem
ent
e
d with low
insertion
loss. I
n
order to d
e
sig
n
this filter
, on
e can
emplo
y
a PIN diode
along with a semi-lumped resonator.
This
PIN diode has been
used so as it
performs the function of electronic
switching i.e. the activating
and
deactivating the filter circui
t act
i
on w
ithout an
y com
p
rom
i
se in
the overal
l
perform
ance of
the cir
c
ui
t.
Thes
e fi
lters
circu
it ar
e des
i
gned and
im
plem
ented in
a wa
y
s
o
that i
t
can ac
com
m
odate the ext
e
rna
l
qualit
y f
acto
r
in order to ensu
re a good imped
a
nce match at
each band of op
eration
.
The
most do
minant parameters
and characteristics of
the second order
switchable
filte
r re
ali
z
a
tion.
In this work,
th
e autho
r
has put
an effor
t
to
disc
uss the m
o
st
desired par
a
meters of the var
i
o
u
s switc
hable f
i
lters. In
these f
i
lter
circu
its,
CMOS devices has been used
to d
e
sign because of th
eir w
e
ll accepted
featur
es i.e. low power loss and r
e
quire
ment of lo
w input signal for operation
in addition to
o
t
her ones
.
Th
e
perfo
rmance of
the proposed C
M
OS based
switc
ha
ble
filte
r
s ha
s be
e
n
disc
usse
d with
its sim
u
lat
e
d results th
a
t
have b
een
carried out b
y
using pSpice so
ftware
with 0.1
8
micron technolog
y
.
Th
e
insertion loss of
this circu
it is
with the a
c
c
e
pta
b
le lim
its i
.
e
.
2.
9 dB and a
tenab
ilit
y
with
in
two desir
e
d fr
eq
uenci
e
s.
Keyword:
B
a
nd
pass
fi
lter (
B
PF)
Cap
acitiv
e lo
ad
ing
CMOS filters
Low p
a
ss filter
(LPF)
pS
pi
ce
si
m
u
l
a
ti
on so
ft
wa
re
Switch
a
b
l
e filters
Tu
nabl
e
fi
lter
Copyright ©
201
5 Institut
e
o
f
Ad
vanced
Engin
eer
ing and S
c
i
e
nce.
All rights re
se
rve
d
.
Co
rresp
ond
i
ng
Autho
r
:
Raj
i
nd
er Tiwari,
Depa
rt
m
e
nt
of
El
ect
ri
cal
and
El
ect
roni
cs
E
n
gi
nee
r
i
n
g,
Am
i
t
y Un
iv
ersity, Lu
ckno
w
N
ear Malh
or
e
Railw
ay Cr
o
ssi
n
g
,
G
o
m
ti N
a
gar
Ex
ten
s
i
o
n, Lu
ckno
w (U
ttar
Pr
ad
esh)
- 226
02
8,
I
n
d
i
a.
Em
a
il: traj
an
@red
iffm
ail.co
m
1.
INTRODUCTION
A P
I
N
di
ode
p
l
ay
s a dom
i
n
ant
r
o
l
e
i
n
t
h
e f
unct
i
o
ni
n
g
o
f
t
h
e R
F
sy
st
em
s t
h
at
us
e t
h
e t
i
m
e
di
vi
si
o
n
d
u
p
l
ex
i
n
g (TDD). In
th
is
syste
m
, th
e swit
ch
ing
elem
ent em
pl
oy
ed ha
s p
o
o
r
sel
ect
i
v
i
t
y
of t
h
e f
r
e
que
ncy
with
in
t
h
e sp
ecified
b
a
nd
o
f
th
e si
g
n
a
ls. Th
is pu
rpo
s
e ca
n
b
e
o
b
t
ain
e
d
wi
th
th
e
cascad
i
n
g
o
f
a
band
p
a
ss
filter
in addition to
the
switchi
ng m
odule.
But with
this
m
e
thodology, t
h
e
overall lo
ss
and the size
of t
h
e filter
circu
it th
ereb
y
in
creases. This li
m
i
tatio
n
of th
e
syst
em
can
be easi
l
y
a
voi
ded
si
m
p
l
y
by
usi
n
g s
w
i
t
c
hi
n
g
ele
m
ent with
a ba
ndpass
fil
t
er so as t
o
i
n
tegrate
th
e two co
m
p
on
en
t
s
. Th
us,
with
th
is arrang
em
e
n
t the
resu
lting
switch
a
b
l
e
filter wil
l
h
a
v
e
th
e
d
e
sirab
l
e switch
i
ng
ch
aracteristics o
f
t
h
e switch
i
ng
elem
en
t as well as
th
e h
i
g
h
select
iv
ity o
f
th
e
b
a
n
d
p
a
ss
filter.
Th
is ap
pro
a
ch
lead
s to
a m
o
re co
m
p
act d
e
sig
n
with
l
o
wer
lo
sses
[1]
-
[
5]
. T
h
e t
u
nabl
e
fi
lters are th
e m
o
st essen
tial co
m
p
o
n
en
ts fo
r
recon
fi
gura
ble front
-
ends si
nce the
y
allow
t
h
e use
of
a si
ngl
e c
o
m
pone
nt
as o
p
pose
d
t
o
a swi
t
c
he
d
-
fi
lter
b
a
n
k
, th
er
eb
y r
e
du
cing
th
e syste
m
siz
e
and
com
p
lexity. Howe
ve
r, si
nce t
h
ey are
place
d betwee
n t
h
e
an
tenn
a an
d low-n
o
i
se am
p
lifier, th
ey m
u
st ex
h
i
b
it
v
e
ry low lo
ss
an
d
h
i
gh
lin
earity, esp
ecially in
to
d
a
y
’
s cr
o
w
de
d R
F
e
nvi
ro
nm
ent
s
. The
m
a
jor c
h
al
l
e
n
g
e o
f
m
u
lt
i
-
m
ode R
F
ci
rcui
t
s
l
i
e
s i
n
t
h
e i
n
t
e
gr
at
i
on o
f
R
F
c
h
i
p
s a
n
d t
h
e
passi
ve c
o
m
pone
nt
s
wi
t
h
d
i
ffere
n
t
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
J
ECE
I
S
SN
:
208
8-8
7
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8
A No
vice App
r
o
a
c
h
o
f
Designin
g
CMOS
Ba
sed
S
w
itch
a
b
l
e
Filters fo
r AS
P App
lica
tion
s
(
R
a
jind
e
r Tiw
a
ri
)
1
355
freq
u
e
n
c
y b
a
nd
s,
wh
ich
correspo
nd
to
d
i
fferen
t op
era
tin
g
m
o
d
e
s. C
o
nv
en
tio
n
a
l m
u
lti-m
o
d
e
RF circuits th
at
duplicate the front-e
nd c
o
m
pone
nts for eac
h fre
quency
band
have ba
nd-sepa
r
ated tra
n
sm
itter and re
ceiver
interfaces
. Recently, the archi
t
ectures th
at integrate the RF
transceive
r
of
vari
ous
fre
que
n
cy ba
nds
ha
ve been
studie
d
to optimize the size and power
co
ns
um
pt
i
on o
f
R
F
chi
p
s
[
2
]
-
[
1
0]
.
Ho
we
ver
,
wi
t
h
re
gar
d
t
o
t
h
e di
st
o
r
t
i
o
n pr
o
b
l
e
m
in the RF back-end circ
u
it of th
e con
c
u
r
rent
tran
sceiv
e
r, the switch
a
b
l
e
ban
d
p
a
ss filter
is m
o
re p
r
o
m
i
s
in
g so
l
u
tio
n.
Ban
d
p
a
ss filters
with
con
t
rollab
l
e
cen
ter frequ
e
ncy h
a
v
e
b
e
en
in
v
e
stig
ated
ex
t
e
n
s
iv
ely. Th
e filter b
a
n
k
stru
ctu
r
e in
clud
es fi
x
e
d
filters of
wh
ich
each has its own ce
nter fre
q
uency, as
well as switching
networks at bot
h
input a
nd
out
put term
inals for
ba
nd
selectio
n
.
C
o
ntin
u
o
u
s
ly tun
e
d
filters,
wh
ich
h
a
v
e
h
i
g
h
l
y
in
tegrated
st
ru
cture,
facilitate th
e use
o
f
v
a
riab
le
capacitors
, suc
h
as MEMS devices, va
ractor diodes or
fe
r
r
oelectric m
a
terial, fo
r
tuni
ng center fre
que
n
cies.
Exp
licit d
e
sig
n
pro
c
edu
r
es
fo
r tun
a
b
l
e filter co
m
p
o
s
ed
of v
a
racto
r
d
i
od
e and
transmissio
n
lin
e h
a
ve b
een
p
r
esen
ted
i
n
[1
1
]-[1
5
]
. Moreo
v
e
r, switch
a
b
l
e filter in
volv
i
n
g
a
reso
n
a
to
r with
t
h
e PIN
d
i
od
es h
a
s b
een
pr
o
pose
d
t
o
s
e
l
ect
bet
w
een
t
h
e ban
d
s o
f
t
w
o speci
fie
d
freque
n
cies. The rece
nt wireless comm
u
n
ication
sy
st
em
s req
u
i
r
e a
wi
de
ba
n
d
w
i
d
t
h
f
o
r a
hi
gh
d
a
t
a
rat
e
i
.
e. a
n
ul
t
r
a-
wi
d
e
ban
d
(
U
W
B
)
t
ech
nol
ogy
i
s
ve
ry
pr
om
i
s
i
ng f
o
r
f
u
t
u
re
c
o
m
m
uni
cat
i
o
n a
n
d
rada
r sy
st
em
s. Thi
s
ne
w t
e
c
h
n
o
l
o
gy
has s
t
im
ul
at
ed si
gn
i
f
i
cant
effect
s i
n
t
h
e
R
&
D
base
d a
p
pl
i
cat
i
ons.
H
o
weve
r,
t
h
e
fre
q
u
en
cy, as a reso
urce, is v
a
l
u
ab
le and
lim
ited
,
so th
e
fre
que
ncy
s
p
ec
t
r
um
i
s
al
way
s
cro
w
ded
f
o
r s
e
veral
pu
r
pose
s
, w
h
i
c
h m
eans i
t
i
s
ful
l
of
u
n
wa
nt
ed
si
g
n
al
s w
h
e
n
a sp
ecific op
eratio
n
is co
ncern
e
d. Nev
e
rt
h
e
less, fo
r fu
ture
co
gn
itiv
e rad
i
o, tu
n
a
b
l
e microwav
e
filters b
e
co
m
e
m
o
re critical. There
f
ore, it is
m
o
re desira
bl
e to electro
n
i
cally switch
on
/
o
ff a no
tch
in
an
UW
B
BPF. Fo
r
th
is
pu
r
pose
,
a U
W
B
bi
as net
w
or
k has
bee
n
u
s
ed f
o
r t
h
e e
f
f
ect
i
v
el
y
perf
or
m
a
nce of t
h
e s
y
st
em
. The band
pass
filters (BPFs)
are th
e
m
o
st i
m
p
o
r
tan
t
co
mp
on
en
ts o
f
a RF an
d
th
e m
i
crowav
e system
s
b
a
sed
app
licatio
n
s
.
Th
is syste
m
p
r
ov
id
es a sm
al
l in
sertio
n
lo
ss with
in
th
e pass b
a
nd
and
larg
e attenu
ation
in
th
e sto
p
b
a
nd
.
Recently, dual
-
band BP
Fs ha
ve dra
w
n a lot of attention
i
n
m
u
lti-freque
n
c
y
applica
tions
.
This m
e
thod i
s
very
effect
i
v
e;
ne
ve
rt
hel
e
ss, i
t
i
s
not
t
h
e m
o
st
sui
t
a
bl
e fo
r ap
pl
i
cat
i
ons usi
n
g di
st
ri
b
u
t
e
d r
e
so
nat
o
r
s
on a
l
o
w
dielectric constant substrat
e
because the two
distributed BPFs will
occupy a large
circuit area. Steppe
d
i
m
p
e
d
a
n
ce reso
n
a
t
o
rs
h
a
v
e
b
een
foun
d
to b
e
g
ood
cand
i
d
a
tes fo
r dual-b
a
n
d
BPFs. By co
n
t
ro
lling
th
e
di
m
e
nsi
ons o
f
a st
eppe
d-i
m
pedance
res
onat
o
r
,
o
n
e can c
o
nt
r
o
l
t
h
e fre
q
u
e
ncy
rat
i
o
o
f
t
h
e fi
rst
t
w
o re
son
a
nt
m
odes. It
has
b
een
fo
u
n
d
t
h
at
t
h
e t
w
o
swi
t
c
h
a
bl
e
dual
-
ba
n
d
B
PFs
are
t
h
e
m
o
st
desi
red
a
p
p
r
oach
i
n
t
h
e
desi
g
n
an
d im
p
l
e
m
en
t
a
tio
n
o
f
th
e switch
a
b
l
e filters. Mo
st im
p
o
r
tan
t
feat
u
r
e of t
h
e BPFs is th
at
th
ey do
no
t req
u
i
re
ad
d
ition
a
l du
al-b
and
i
m
p
e
d
a
nce tran
sform
e
rs. Furth
e
rm
o
r
e,
in
ord
e
r to
meet th
e
m
o
re string
en
t sp
ecifi
catio
n
s
of m
odern m
u
ltifunction syste
m
s, resear
ch i
n
terest in
reconfigurable BPFs
has
i
n
crease
d
recently
[16]-[19].
Fig
u
re
1
.
Filter Circu
it of switch
a
b
l
e
filter
with
PIN
d
i
o
d
e
as a switch
i
ng
dev
i
ce [20
]
This m
e
thodol
ogy
of the a
d
a
p
tive capa
b
ility filter circ
uit has also
find e
n
orm
ous application in the
heal
t
h
m
oni
t
o
r
i
ng d
o
m
a
i
n
, whi
c
h uses a
l
o
w-
p
o
we
r r
a
di
o
-
f
r
eq
ue
ncy
(R
F) t
r
a
n
sm
it
t
e
r t
echnol
og
y
.
It
i
s
expecte
d
t
h
at this technique
may gain
m
o
re
popularity in the
field
of
homecare beca
us
e of its
great potential
as a l
o
w-c
o
st
m
e
di
cal
servi
c
e of
feri
n
g
hi
gh
pat
i
e
nt
sa
fet
y
.
R
a
pi
d ec
o
nom
ic an
d i
n
d
u
st
ri
a
l
devel
opm
ent
resul
t
s
in
in
creased
inten
s
ity in
d
a
ily life,
wh
ich
h
a
s n
e
g
a
tiv
e
e
ffe
ct
s
o
n
peo
p
l
e
, i
n
cl
udi
ng
ner
v
ous
ness
,
a
n
xi
et
y
,
a
n
d
di
st
ur
ba
nce. T
h
ese em
ot
i
ons,
al
ong
wi
t
h
ch
ange
s i
n
l
i
f
est
y
l
e
, have m
a
de chr
oni
c car
di
o
v
asc
u
l
a
r di
seas
es t
h
e
leading adult illnesses in
place of i
n
f
ectious diseases.
The ergonom
ics i
n
du
stry
has re
cently invested in the
devel
opm
ent
o
f
i
n
fo
rm
at
i
on t
echn
o
l
o
gy
e
n
g
i
neeri
n
g t
o
i
m
pr
o
v
e
pat
i
e
nt
s
a
fet
y
, en
ha
nce
n
u
rsi
n
g
ef
fi
ci
ency
,
an
d d
e
crease
h
ealth
care expe
n
s
es. Th
e Fi
gu
re 1 shows t
h
e sch
e
m
a
tic
arran
g
e
m
e
n
t
of th
e switch
a
ble filter
wi
t
h
t
h
e PI
N
devi
ce t
h
at
ha
s been
use
d
as t
h
e
m
a
i
n
swi
t
c
hi
ng
devi
ce.
The b
ody
se
nso
r
net
w
o
r
k (B
S
N
)
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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:
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08
IJECE
Vol. 5, No. 6, D
ecem
ber
2015 :
1354 –
1362
1
356
tech
no
log
y
h
a
s th
e cap
ab
ility to
tran
sfer th
e task
o
f
h
ealthcare m
o
n
ito
ring
fro
m
th
e cli
n
ic to
the h
eal
th
care
center for long-term
a
ttention. Acco
rding to the BSN, home te
lecare
mon
itoring allows patients to
exam
in
e
th
em
selv
es u
s
in
g b
i
o
-
si
g
n
a
l
acq
u
i
sition
n
odes (B
ANs). In
th
is system
, th
e u
s
er can
co
llect th
e
b
i
o
-
sign
al on a
bi
o
-
i
n
f
o
rm
ati
on
no
de
(B
I
N
)
a
n
d
su
bse
q
uent
l
y
subm
i
t
perso
n
al
dat
a
t
o
t
h
e
heal
t
h
care
cent
e
r t
h
ro
u
g
h
t
h
e
l
o
cal
sen
s
o
r
n
e
two
r
k
.
Th
is system can
also
b
e
e
m
p
l
o
y
ed
in
th
e in
tellig
en
t h
ealth
care sy
ste
m
s th
at can
fou
nd
eno
r
m
ous ap
pl
i
cat
i
ons i
n
t
h
e
m
oni
t
o
ri
n
g
o
f
cardi
o
v
asc
u
l
a
r (C
V
)
di
sease
t
h
ro
ug
h wi
rel
e
ss com
m
uni
cat
i
o
n
.
The
basi
c re
q
u
i
rem
e
nt
of t
h
i
s
sy
st
em
for t
h
e
l
o
n
g
-t
e
r
m
and po
rt
abl
e
m
oni
t
o
ri
n
g
m
odul
es
, i
s
t
h
e l
o
w
po
wer
,
portability, m
i
niaturization,
e
t
c shoul
d be
m
e
t. Therefore
,
a system
-
on-a-chi
p
(S
OC)
with
ve
ry large-scale
i
n
t
e
grat
i
o
n t
e
c
h
n
o
l
o
gy
s
h
oul
d
be em
pl
oy
ed
i
n
t
h
e ci
rcui
t
i
m
pl
em
ent
a
t
i
on [
21]
-
[
2
5
]
.
Fig
u
re
2
.
RF
MEMS Based
Switch
a
b
l
e Low Pass Filter
[2
6
]
The a
b
ove Figure
2 shows the basic schem
a
tic a
rrang
em
en
t o
f
th
e switchab
l
e RF MEMS b
a
sed
low
p
a
ss
filter. Th
i
s
syste
m
is b
a
sically co
n
s
titu
tes o
f
a
W
ilk
i
n
so
n
po
wer
d
i
v
i
der at th
e inp
u
t
sectio
n
o
f
t
h
e syste
m
wh
ich
sim
p
ly s
p
lits th
e po
wer eq
u
a
lly in
to
t
w
o
p
r
opo
rtion
s
.
Th
en
th
is si
gn
al is m
a
d
e
to
trav
el throug
h
th
e RF
MEMS switch and tra
n
sition before in
tera
cting the
output m
odules.
Finally
, the output of this circ
uit i
s
appl
i
e
d t
o
t
h
e m
i
cro st
ri
p sec
t
i
on o
f
t
h
e sy
st
em
whi
c
h o
p
erates within the desire
d ra
nge
of the fre
quenci
es (in
GHz rang
e). In th
is syste
m
,
t
h
e filter respon
se is
m
a
d
e
switch
a
b
l
e b
e
t
w
een
two
freq
u
e
n
c
ies si
m
p
ly b
y
u
s
in
g
t
h
e C
P
W
base
d R
F
M
E
M
S
s
w
i
t
c
h
[2
7]
-[
3
0
]
.
2.
BASIC OF SWITCHABL
E
FILTERS
In
o
r
d
e
r to
v
a
lid
ate th
e d
e
sig
n
co
n
c
ep
t and
th
e op
eration
of th
e du
al-b
and
two
-
po
le BPF with
a
st
eppe
d-i
m
ped
a
nce res
onat
o
r
has bee
n
di
scu
ssed.
T
h
e val
u
e
o
f
t
h
e
e
x
t
e
rn
al
Q
ca
n be
cal
cul
a
t
e
d wi
t
h
t
h
e
hel
p
of
t
h
e bel
o
w
e
quat
i
o
n [
31]
|
(
1
)
Wh
ere B is the to
tal su
scep
t
a
n
ce seen
at the tap
po
in
t look
ing
in
to
t
h
e reson
a
to
r, v
0
is
th
e ang
u
l
ar
fre
que
ncy
a
n
d
R
L
is th
e lo
ad
i
m
p
e
d
a
n
c
e at th
e tap po
i
n
t seen
b
y
th
e
reson
a
tor (R
L
should
b
e
50
V
in
s
o
a
s
t
o
eli
m
in
ate th
e
ad
d
ition
a
l im
p
e
d
a
n
c
e tran
sform
e
r). Th
e Fi
g
u
re
3
sho
w
s th
e sch
e
m
a
tic
arrang
em
en
t o
f
t
h
e
in
v
e
rted
-cou
p
l
ed
BPF
wh
ich is q
u
ite co
m
m
o
n
l
y u
s
ed
in th
e d
e
si
g
n
o
f
th
e h
i
gh
p
e
rforman
ce ad
ap
tive filters
[3
2]
-[
3
5
]
.
Fig
u
re 3
.
In
v
e
rter-coup
led
b
a
n
d
p
a
ss
filter p
r
o
t
o
t
yp
e [3
6
]
0
(
2
)
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
J
ECE
I
S
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:
208
8-8
7
0
8
A No
vice App
r
o
a
c
h
o
f
Designin
g
CMOS
Ba
sed
S
w
itch
a
b
l
e
Filters fo
r AS
P App
lica
tion
s
(
R
a
jind
e
r Tiw
a
ri
)
1
357
Whe
r
e,
(
3
)
An
d,
(
4
)
In
order t
o
achieve a com
p
act size, the two
sections
of the
circuit are of the
sam
e
elec
trical length.
The c
h
a
r
acteri
s
tic im
pedance
of the
narrow
line is Z
2
, and
the c
h
aracterist
i
c im
pedance
of the
wi
de line
is Z
3
.
Th
e d
i
m
e
n
s
io
ns o
f
th
e resonato
r con
t
ro
l the frequ
en
cy ratio
o
f
th
e fi
rst two
p
a
ssb
a
nd frequ
en
cies.
Fo
r a
fre
que
ncy
rat
i
o
o
f
2.
4, t
h
e i
m
pedance rat
i
o
(Z
2
/Z
3
) i
s
1.
64
. B
a
sed
on t
h
e m
a
t
h
em
at
i
c
al
equat
i
o
ns, o
n
e ca
n
deri
ve t
h
e
eq
ua
t
i
on
fo
r e
x
t
e
r
n
al
[3
7]
-[
4
0
]
Q
i
.
e.
(
5
)
Whe
r
e t
h
e
para
m
e
t
e
rs A, B
,
C
an
d
D ca
n
be
defi
ned
as
bel
o
w:
(
6
)
(
7
)
(8
)
(9
)
Th
e circu
its of th
e v
a
riou
s
filters can
b
e
d
e
sig
n
e
d
as
p
e
r t
h
e requ
irem
en
t o
f
th
e si
g
n
a
l
p
r
o
cessi
n
g
appl
i
cat
i
o
ns w
h
i
c
h i
n
v
o
l
v
es t
h
e sel
ect
i
on
of
t
h
e ap
pr
o
p
ri
at
e
val
u
es
of t
h
e d
o
m
i
nant
param
e
t
e
rs so as t
o
s
e
t
t
h
e
fre
que
ncy
of t
h
e re
so
nat
i
n
g
ci
rcui
t
s
. T
h
ese
d
o
m
i
nant
par
a
m
e
t
e
rs of t
h
e
s
e ci
rcui
t
s
a
r
e
C
0
, L
0
, K
01
, K
12
, etc.
whi
c
h are e
x
p
l
ai
ned
pr
ope
rl
y
wi
t
h
t
h
e
he
l
p
o
f
t
h
e
bel
o
w m
a
t
h
em
ati
c
al
beha
vi
o
r
s
o
f
t
h
e sy
st
em
.
Thi
s
desi
g
n
i
n
g a
p
pr
oach
i
s
based
on
t
h
e m
a
t
h
em
at
i
cal
m
odel
i
ng
of
t
h
e
d
o
m
i
n
a
nt
pa
ram
e
t
e
rs o
f
t
h
e
sy
st
em
[
41]
-
[4
5]
.
(
1
0
)
(
1
1
)
∆
(
1
2
)
∆
(
1
3
)
Whe
r
e,
(
1
4
)
5
0
(
1
5
)
(
1
6
)
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
S
SN
:
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088
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08
IJECE
Vol. 5, No. 6, D
ecem
ber
2015 :
1354 –
1362
1
358
The cal
c
u
l
a
t
e
d
be
ha
vi
or
of
t
h
e K
01
p
a
ram
e
te
r can
b
e
easily realized sim
p
l
y
b
y
ad
ju
sting
th
e
v
a
lu
es
o
f
th
e im
p
e
d
a
nce of th
e coup
led
lin
e
of th
e circu
it [4
6
]
.
Fi
gu
re
4.
Sc
he
m
a
t
i
c
di
agram
of
t
w
o-
pol
e
d
u
a
l
-
ba
nd
BPF
Fi
gu
re
5.
Sc
he
m
a
t
i
c
di
agram
of
t
h
e
fi
rst
s
w
i
t
c
habl
e
dual
b
an
d B
P
F
The Fi
gu
re
4
sho
w
s t
h
e sc
h
e
m
a
t
i
c
di
agra
m
of t
h
e s
w
i
t
c
habl
e
d
u
al
-ba
nd B
PF
usi
n
g
t
h
e st
ep
ped
im
pedance
res
onat
o
rs
as t
h
e
act
i
v
e
devi
ce
s. I
n
t
h
i
s
ci
rc
ui
t
,
t
h
e
r
e a
r
e t
w
o
P
I
N
di
ode
s w
h
i
c
h
are
u
s
ed t
o
co
nn
ect/d
isco
nn
ect th
e op
en
-circu
ited
stub
an
d
t
h
e sho
r
t
-
circu
ited
stub
.
Th
e p
a
rasitic in
du
ctan
ce is
0.7
n
H
.
The di
ode al
so
has a l
o
w cap
aci
t
a
nce of 0
.
1
5
pF a
nd a resi
st
ance of
3.
5V
at
1
m
A
and 10
0 M
H
z. T
o
swi
t
c
h
O
N
t
h
e d
i
o
d
e
s, th
e ex
tern
al
d
c
vo
ltag
e
is 3 V
,
an
d
th
e cur
r
e
n
t
is 1
m
A
. Th
e dc-b
lo
ck
in
g
cap
acitan
c
e is 680
pF.
T
h
e
resi
st
o
r
s
of
5
0
0
a
n
d
10
0
0
ohm
s are
use
d
f
o
r
bi
asi
n
g
an
d
t
o
p
r
o
v
i
de s
u
f
f
i
c
i
e
nt
dc-R
F
i
s
ol
at
i
o
n.
The
ab
ov
e Figur
e 5 sh
ow
s th
e sche
m
a
tic d
i
ag
ram of the second BPF. It is a fo
u
r
-
p
ol
e dual
-
ban
d
B
PF,
wh
ere f
o
u
r
st
eppe
d-i
m
ped
a
nce
reso
nat
o
r
s
are em
pl
oy
ed
[
47]
.
Fig
u
re
6
.
Sim
u
lated
S-p
a
ram
e
ters of t
h
e switch
a
b
l
e
filter in
(a)
ON state (b) OFF
state [4
8]
Th
e
d
i
sto
r
tion p
e
rform
a
n
ce o
f
t
h
e switch
a
b
l
e filte
rs h
a
s
b
een
d
i
scu
ssed an
d
t
h
e
p
e
rform
a
n
ce was
evaluate
d in the ON state
of
the active
de
vice usi
n
g th
e
digital signal at
the s
p
ecifie
d
rate. T
h
e m
easure
d
resul
t
s
f
o
r a l
o
wer
bi
as v
o
l
t
a
ge as com
p
are
d
t
o
a hi
ghe
r v
a
l
u
e pr
o
duc
e m
o
re di
st
ort
i
o
ns as s
h
o
w
n i
n
abo
v
e
f
i
gu
r
e
6
a &
b
r
e
sp
ectiv
ely.
Fr
o
m
th
ese g
r
aph
i
cal an
alyses
o
f
t
h
e cir
c
u
it, it h
a
s b
e
en
f
ound
th
at th
e
d
i
stor
tio
n
s
phe
n
o
m
e
non i
s
m
o
re evi
d
e
n
t
at
hi
g
h
er
val
u
e
s
o
f
i
n
p
u
t
p
o
w
er [
4
9]
.
3.
PROPOSE
D
CMOS B
A
SE
D SW
ITCHABLE ADAPTIVE FILTER
The Fi
g
u
r
e 7 s
h
o
w
s t
h
e sc
he
m
a
t
i
c
arrange
m
e
nt
of t
h
e p
r
op
ose
d
C
M
OS
based a
d
a
p
t
i
v
e swi
t
c
habl
e
filter, wh
ich
is cap
ab
le of operatin
g
in
th
e
d
i
fferen
t
cap
ac
ity
i.e. filter reg
i
on
. In
th
is circu
it, th
e CMOS h
a
s
been
us
ed
as t
h
e act
i
v
e
de
vi
ces f
o
r
swi
t
c
hi
ng
p
u
r
p
ose i
.
e
.
t
o
c
o
n
n
ect
a
n
d
di
sco
n
n
ect
t
h
e s
u
b
m
odul
e
.
Thi
s
ci
rcui
t
has bee
n
desi
gne
d t
o
p
e
rf
orm
t
h
e rol
e
of d
u
al
ba
n
d
B
PF, wi
t
h
t
h
e m
a
t
h
em
ati
cal
ex
pressi
o
n
fo
r ex
t
e
rna
l
Q.
As co
m
p
ared
to
t
h
e earlier
work, th
is
du
al-b
and
BPF
do
es no
t req
u
i
re an
y add
itio
n
a
l
du
al-b
and
im
p
e
d
a
n
c
e
tran
sform
e
rs. Sin
ce th
is circu
i
t e
m
p
l
o
y
s th
e
CMOS i.e.
low po
wer
d
e
v
i
ces, th
is ad
ap
ti
v
e
switch
a
b
l
e filter h
a
s
got
e
n
orm
ous
appl
i
cat
i
o
ns i
n
t
h
e fi
el
d
o
f
b
i
om
edi
cal
signal processing,
analog si
gnal
processi
ng, etc. In
ad
d
ition
t
o
th
i
s
, th
e power co
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
of th
is
filter
h
a
s
b
e
en
foun
d
t
o
b
e
8
.
88
m
W
u
n
d
e
r
a 1
.
2V su
pp
ly
v
o
ltag
e
, wh
ereas th
e tran
sm
i
t
t
e
d
ou
tpu
t
p
o
wer is -1
.7
2d
Bm with
ou
t sacrificin
g
th
e req
u
i
red
p
e
rfo
rm
an
ce. Th
e
sim
u
l
a
t
i
on wo
r
k
o
f
t
h
i
s
ci
rcui
t
has been
per
f
o
rm
ed by
usi
n
g pS
pi
ce so
ft
w
a
re wi
t
h
0
.
1
8
m
i
cron t
ech
nol
ogy
.
Th
e
resu
lts ob
t
a
in
ed with th
is sim
u
lat
i
o
n
work are qu
ite
sat
i
sfactory a
n
d a
r
e
with
th
e th
eo
retical assu
mp
tio
ns.
Th
is work
pu
t forward
a swit
ch
ab
le ad
ap
tive filter, wh
ic
h
h
a
s
b
een
fabricated
in
a m
u
lti
-layer ceram
ic
circu
it
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
J
ECE
I
S
SN
:
208
8-8
7
0
8
A No
vice App
r
o
a
c
h
o
f
Designin
g
CMOS
Ba
sed
S
w
itch
a
b
l
e
Filters fo
r AS
P App
lica
tion
s
(
R
a
jind
e
r Tiw
a
ri
)
1
359
pr
ocess t
o
pr
o
v
i
d
e hi
gh i
n
t
e
g
r
at
i
on a
nd m
i
ni
at
ure im
pl
em
ent
a
t
i
on. T
h
e a
p
p
r
oach t
h
at
i
n
t
e
grat
es a PI
N di
o
d
e
(usi
ng
C
M
OS
devi
ce
) i
n
a se
m
i
-l
u
m
ped
res
onat
o
r
p
r
o
v
i
d
e
s
a l
a
r
g
e
fre
qu
ency
s
w
i
t
c
hi
n
g
rat
i
o
.
The
pr
o
pos
ed
dual
ban
d
/
i
m
p
e
dance
so
urce
im
pedance t
r
ansf
o
r
m
e
r ci
rc
ui
t
of
fers
fav
o
r
abl
e
m
a
t
c
hi
ng co
n
d
i
t
i
ons i
n
b
o
t
h
p
a
ssb
a
nd
s. The
m
easu
r
em
en
ts so
ob
tain
ed
with th
e
present disc
ussi
on a
g
ree clos
ely with theoretical
pre
d
i
c
t
i
ons
.
Fig
u
re
7
.
Propo
sed
CMOS B
a
sed
Switch
a
b
l
e Filter
4.
SIM
U
LATI
O
N
& E
X
PE
RI
MENT
AL D
I
SC
USSI
ON
(a)
AC an
alysis of th
e Pr
opo
sed
CMOS Switch
a
b
l
e
Filter
(b) B
o
d
e
Plo
t
an
alysis of Propo
sed
CMOS b
a
sed
Switch
a
b
l
e Filter Circu
i
t
(c)
Tra
n
si
ent
A
n
al
y
s
i
s
o
f
P
r
o
p
o
se
d C
M
OS
ba
sed S
w
i
t
c
ha
bl
e
Filter Circu
it
(d) T
r
ansient
Analysis
of
Pr
pos
ed
C
M
OS
b
a
sed
Switch
a
b
l
e Filter
with
No
ise
Fig
u
re
8
.
Sim
u
latio
n
Resu
lts
o
f
th
e
Performan
ce
o
f
Prop
osed
CMOS
b
a
sed
Switch
a
b
l
e Filters
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
S
SN
:
2
088
-87
08
IJECE
Vol. 5, No. 6, D
ecem
ber
2015 :
1354 –
1362
1
360
The a
b
o
v
e Fi
g
u
re
8(a
-
d) s
h
o
w
s t
h
e si
m
u
l
a
ti
ons
out
p
u
t
res
u
l
t
s
det
e
rm
i
n
i
ng t
h
e
per
f
o
r
m
a
nce o
f
t
h
e
pr
o
pose
d
ci
rc
u
i
t
.
In t
h
i
s
p
r
o
c
ess o
f
si
m
u
l
a
t
i
on
, t
h
e m
o
st
d
o
m
i
nant
beha
v
i
or
of t
h
e ci
rc
u
i
t
has bee
n
di
s
c
usse
d
suc
h
as
AC a
n
alysis, Bode
plot a
n
alysis,
and Transie
n
t an
alysis
with an
d
withou
t the effect of t
h
e
noise
ex
istin
g
i
n
the circu
it. Th
e resu
lts so
ob
tain
ed
fro
m
th
is p
r
op
o
s
ed circu
it h
e
lp
s in
d
e
term
in
in
g
t
h
e
per
f
o
r
m
a
nce of
t
h
e ci
rc
ui
t
w
h
en em
pl
oy
ed i
n
vari
ous
ap
pl
i
cat
i
ons.
5.
CO
NCL
USI
O
N
Th
e
p
e
rform
a
n
ce o
f
t
h
e pro
p
o
s
ed
CMOS
based
switc
h
a
b
l
e filter h
a
s
b
e
en
d
i
scu
ssed
with
referen
c
e
t
o
va
ri
o
u
s
r
o
l
e
s i
n
s
w
i
t
c
hi
n
g
t
h
e f
r
eq
ue
ncy
of t
h
e si
gna
l
usin
g
CM
OS as th
e activ
e
swi
t
ch
in
g d
e
v
i
ce.
In
t
h
is
d
i
scu
ssi
on
, t
h
e sim
u
latio
n
resu
lts
o
f
th
e
circu
it hav
e
been
foun
d to b
e
in clo
s
e
with
t
h
e th
eoretical
assum
p
t
i
ons.
F
o
r
t
h
i
s
si
m
u
l
a
t
i
on
w
o
rk
, t
h
e
p
S
pi
ce t
ool
has
been
u
s
ed
wi
t
h
0.
1
8
m
i
crons
C
M
OS t
ech
n
o
l
ogy
.
The basic advantage of usi
n
g electroni
c tool is that the desired com
p
one
nts are quite easily available. The
p
e
rform
a
n
ce of th
e pro
p
o
s
ed CMOS
b
a
sed switch
a
b
l
e
f
ilters has
b
een
d
i
scu
s
sed with its sim
u
lated
resu
lts
t
h
at
have b
een
carri
ed o
u
t
by
usi
n
g pS
pi
ce soft
ware
wi
t
h
0.
18 m
i
cron t
echn
o
l
o
gy
. T
h
e
i
n
sert
i
on l
o
ss of t
h
i
s
circuit is wit
h
t
h
e acce
ptable l
i
m
i
ts i.e. 2.9 dB and
a te
nabil
ity within two
desire
d
fre
que
ncies.
ACKNOWLE
DGE
M
ENTS
The aut
h
ors are thankful
to
Ho
n’ab
le C –
VI, Mr. Aseem
C
h
auh
a
n
(Add
itio
n
a
l Presid
en
t, RBEF an
d
Chancello
r A
U
R
, Jaipu
r), M
a
j. Gene
ral K.
K
.
Oh
ri (A
VSM, Retd
.) Pro
-
VC Amity
Un
iversity, Uttar Prad
esh
Lu
ck
now
,
W
g
. Cd
r.
D
r
. An
il
K
u
m
a
r
,
Retd
. (D
ir
ector
,
A
S
ET
)
,
Pro
f
.
S.
T.
H
.
Ab
id
i (Pro
fesso
r Em
er
itu
s)
,
Br
ig
.
U. K. C
h
o
p
ra
,
Retd. (Direct
or A
I
I
T
), P
r
o
f
. H K Dwi
ve
di (Direct
or,
AS
AP)
,
Pr
of
O. P. Sin
g
h
(
H
O
D
,
Electrical &
Electronics
E
n
gg.) a
n
d P
r
o
f
.
N.
Ram
(Dy
.
Directo
r
ASET
)
fo
r t
h
eir m
o
tivation, ki
nd
co
op
er
atio
n, an
d sugg
estion
s
.
REFERE
NC
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r
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h
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g
CMOS
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w
itch
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b
l
e
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r AS
P App
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tion
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R
a
jind
e
r Tiw
a
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i
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om
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g
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.
8/5.2
GHz app
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I
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BIOGRAP
HI
ES OF
AUTH
ORS
Rajin
d
er Ti
w
a
ri
,
re
ceiv
e
d
h
i
s
M
.
S
c
degree in
Elec
tronics
S
c
ienc
e from
J
a
m
m
u
Univers
ity,
Jam
m
u
in 1998.
M.
Tech degr
ee in Instrum
e
nt
ation Eng
i
ne
e
r
ing from
National Institut
e
of
Techno
log
y
(N
IT), Kurukshetra (Formerly
,
Regional Eng
i
n
eering
College, Kurukshetra)
,
Kurukshetra in 2002. He is
pursuing PhD
de
gree from Uttar
a
khand Technical University
,
Dehradun. Presently
,
h
e
is wo
rking in the cap
acity
of Assistant Profe
ssor in Department of
Electrical & Electron
i
cs Eng
i
n
eering
,
Amity
University
, Lu
cknow. He h
a
s
published sev
e
r
a
l
research
pap
e
rs in the
Intern
atio
nal and
nat
i
ona
l Journals and C
onferences with
high repute. His
areas of in
ter
e
st are Analog C
M
OS Circuits
(VLSI),
Embed
d
ed S
y
st
em Design, Industrial
Automation S
y
s
t
em Design, Pr
o
cess Instrumentation
and Contro
l based Intelligent S
y
s
t
ems,
Digital Im
age P
r
oces
s
i
ng, Digit
a
l S
y
s
t
em
Des
i
g
n
.
He is the life
m
e
m
b
er
of several
prof
essional
bodies i.e. I
ETE, IET (U.K.)
, MR
SI, UACEEE.
G
R
Mis
h
ra
,
r
ece
ived his
P
h
D degree in El
ectron
i
cs
from
F
a
izab
ad Unive
r
s
i
t
y
, fai
zab
ad i
n
2009.
Presently
, he
is
working
in the capacity
of A
ssistant Professor in Depa
r
t
ment of El
ectrical &
Electronics Engineering
,
Amity
University
, Luck
now
. He has pu
blished sev
e
ral r
e
search
pap
e
rs in
the Intern
ational and nation
a
l Journals and Conf
erence
s
with hig
h
repute
.
His
ar
eas
of inter
e
s
t
ar
e
VLSI, Embedded S
y
stem Desig
n
,
Digital Image Processing, Micr
oprocessor &
Microcontro
llers
,
Digital S
y
stem
Design.
He
is th
e lif
e member of
several pro
f
essional bodies
i.e. I
ETE, IET (U.K.)
,
MRSI.
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