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ted
in
t
h
e
p
ap
er
[
5
]
.
I
n
th
is
p
ap
er
,
w
e
h
av
e
id
e
n
ti
f
y
th
e
i
d
ea
l
tr
af
f
ic
f
o
r
th
e
MD
MI
N
an
d
al
s
o
p
r
o
p
o
s
e
a
n
e
w
v
ar
ian
t
b
ased
o
n
MD
MI
N
th
at
is
m
o
d
if
ied
d
ia
g
o
n
al
m
es
h
w
i
th
s
h
u
f
f
le
ex
ch
a
n
g
e
n
et
w
o
r
k
.
W
e
f
o
cu
s
o
n
s
u
g
g
esti
n
g
a
n
e
w
v
ar
i
an
t
o
f
m
e
s
h
i
n
ter
co
n
n
ec
tio
n
n
et
w
o
r
k
ca
lled
as
m
o
d
i
f
ied
d
ia
g
o
n
al
m
e
s
h
w
it
h
s
h
u
f
f
le
e
x
ch
a
n
g
e
i
n
ter
co
n
n
ec
tio
n
n
e
t
w
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k
(
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M
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an
d
co
m
p
ar
e
it
s
p
er
f
o
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m
a
n
ce
w
it
h
e
x
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ti
n
g
m
es
h
i
n
ter
co
n
n
ec
tio
n
n
a
m
ed
as
s
i
m
p
le
2
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m
es
h
,
2
D
to
r
u
s
,
d
iag
o
n
al
m
e
s
h
(
DM
E
SH)
an
d
m
o
d
i
f
ied
d
ia
g
o
n
al
m
es
h
i
n
ter
co
n
n
ec
tio
n
n
e
t
w
o
r
k
(
MD
MI
N
)
o
n
v
ar
io
u
s
t
r
af
f
ic
p
atter
n
s
s
u
ch
as
b
it
co
m
p
le
m
e
n
t
tr
af
f
ic,
n
ei
g
h
b
o
r
tr
af
f
ic,
to
r
n
ad
o
tr
af
f
ic
an
d
u
n
i
f
o
r
m
tr
af
f
ic.
W
e
h
a
v
e
also
a
n
al
y
ze
d
th
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
o
f
t
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
t
o
p
o
lo
g
y
w
i
th
t
h
e
5
% a
n
d
1
0
%
o
f
h
o
ts
p
o
t o
n
th
e
u
n
if
o
r
m
tr
af
f
ic.
T
h
e
p
ap
er
h
as b
ee
n
d
i
v
id
ed
i
n
to
f
i
v
e
s
ec
tio
n
s
.
Sec
tio
n
2
in
tr
o
d
u
ce
s
t
h
e
v
ar
io
u
s
m
es
h
i
n
ter
co
n
n
ec
tio
n
n
et
w
o
r
k
s
an
d
t
h
e
d
if
f
er
en
t
t
y
p
es
o
f
t
h
e
tr
af
f
ic
s
.
T
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
e
d
MD
MSE
I
N
is
s
h
o
w
n
in
s
ec
t
io
n
3
.
I
n
Sectio
n
4
,
w
e
h
a
v
e
d
is
c
u
s
s
ed
s
i
m
u
latio
n
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
t
an
d
r
es
u
lt
s
o
n
v
ar
io
u
s
tr
a
f
f
ic
p
atter
n
s
u
s
i
n
g
O
MN
eT
++
f
o
llo
w
ed
b
y
co
n
clu
s
io
n
a
n
d
r
ef
er
en
ce
s
.
2.
P
RE
L
I
M
I
NARIE
S AN
D
B
A
CK
G
RO
UND
Me
s
h
w
a
s
t
h
e
d
ir
ec
t
to
p
o
lo
g
y
,
w
h
er
e
ea
ch
s
w
itc
h
w
a
s
co
n
n
ec
ted
to
th
e
co
r
e
o
r
p
r
o
ce
s
s
in
g
ele
m
en
t.
Me
s
h
in
ter
co
n
n
ec
tio
n
n
et
w
o
r
k
h
ad
b
ee
n
w
id
el
y
u
s
ed
to
c
o
n
n
ec
t
t
h
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
o
r
.
I
t
w
as
p
o
p
u
lar
d
u
e
to
its
s
i
m
p
lic
it
y
w
h
ic
h
m
ak
e
s
it
ea
s
y
to
i
m
p
le
m
e
n
t.
T
h
e
m
e
s
h
to
p
o
lo
g
y
o
r
its
v
ar
ian
ts
h
ad
b
ee
n
u
s
ed
in
s
u
p
er
co
m
p
u
ter
s
li
k
e
A
P
3
0
0
0
,
Am
eta
k
2
0
1
0
[
6
-
8
]
C
r
ay
T
3
D,
C
r
a
y
T
3
E
[
9
]
,
Fu
j
its
u
,
I
n
tel
T
o
u
ch
s
to
n
e
[
1
0
]
an
d
s
o
o
n
.
T
h
e
m
es
h
e
s
ar
e
v
er
y
s
i
m
p
le
s
t
i
n
n
a
tu
r
e
w
h
ic
h
lea
d
s
to
th
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e
x
p
lo
r
atio
n
o
f
d
i
f
f
e
r
en
t
v
ar
ia
n
ts
o
f
t
h
e
m
es
h
es
li
k
e
to
r
u
s
,
d
ia
g
o
n
al
t
o
r
u
s
a
n
d
m
an
y
m
o
r
e
[
1
1
]
.
T
h
e
h
i
g
h
s
p
ee
d
p
r
o
ce
s
s
i
n
g
r
eq
u
ir
e
m
e
n
t
n
o
w
ad
a
y
s
co
n
s
is
ts
o
f
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
b
e
t
w
ee
n
th
e
m
u
lt
ip
r
o
ce
s
s
o
r
f
o
r
c
in
g
to
s
ea
r
ch
f
o
r
t
h
e
h
i
g
h
s
p
ee
d
in
ter
co
n
n
ec
tio
n
.
T
h
e
to
p
o
lo
g
y
h
e
lp
s
i
n
m
a
k
i
n
g
th
e
s
elec
tio
n
to
g
et
h
i
g
h
er
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
p
u
t
at
th
e
o
p
ti
m
al
co
s
t
.
I
t
also
ef
f
ec
ts
t
h
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
o
r
u
tili
za
tio
n
an
d
p
r
o
ce
s
s
i
n
g
p
o
w
er
.
I
n
p
ar
ticu
lar
,
w
e
f
o
c
u
s
o
n
m
es
h
in
ter
co
n
n
ec
tio
n
esp
ec
ial
l
y
d
ia
g
o
n
al
to
r
o
d
ial
m
es
h
a
n
d
s
u
g
g
es
t
its
v
ar
ian
t.
Si
m
p
le
an
d
to
r
u
s
m
e
s
h
i
n
ter
co
n
n
ec
tio
n
n
et
w
o
r
k
h
av
e
b
ee
n
w
id
el
y
u
s
ed
in
t
h
e
co
m
m
er
c
ial
h
i
g
h
co
m
p
u
ta
tio
n
s
d
e
v
ice
s
[
1
2
-
1
5
]
.
T
h
e
m
es
h
an
d
to
r
u
s
i
n
ter
co
n
n
ec
tio
n
n
et
w
o
r
k
s
ar
e
d
escr
ib
ed
in
th
e
Fig
u
r
e
1
an
d
2
r
esp
ec
tiv
e
l
y
.
T
h
e
y
ca
n
b
e
d
escr
ib
es
as
g
r
ap
h
„
G
‟
h
a
v
i
n
g
th
e
„
n
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v
er
tices
a
n
d
„
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ed
g
es.
I
n
m
e
s
h
in
ter
co
n
n
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t
io
n
,
s
w
i
tch
e
s
r
ep
r
esen
t
th
e
n
o
d
e
its
el
f
i.e
.
ev
e
r
y
n
o
d
e
r
ep
r
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t
a
p
r
o
ce
s
s
in
g
ele
m
en
t
an
d
s
w
it
ch
in
g
e
le
m
e
n
t.
T
h
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
i
n
g
ele
m
en
t
is
u
s
ed
f
o
r
t
h
e
co
m
p
u
tat
i
o
n
.
T
h
e
s
w
itc
h
in
g
ele
m
en
t
i
s
th
e
p
ar
t
o
f
th
e
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
a
n
d
r
esp
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s
ib
le
f
o
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th
e
r
o
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ti
n
g
t
h
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p
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T
h
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s
m
es
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is
g
en
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ated
f
r
o
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t
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Fig
u
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1
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Fig
u
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2
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1
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Dia
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M
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n Ne
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w
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(
DM
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SH
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DM
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s
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v
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2
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is
t
h
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n
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ticall
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.
DM
E
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is
d
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t
h
e
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g
u
r
e
3
.
T
h
e
DM
E
SH
w
as
also
h
av
in
g
a
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t
o
f
v
ar
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ts
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
b
y
th
e
v
ar
io
u
s
r
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r
c
h
er
s
[
1
6
-
1
9
]
.
Her
e,
w
e
s
u
g
g
e
s
ted
th
e
m
o
d
i
f
icat
io
n
o
n
t
h
e
MD
MI
N
[
5
]
as
v
ar
ian
t
o
f
d
iag
o
n
al
m
es
h
d
escr
ib
ed
i
n
t
h
e
Fig
u
r
e
4
.
T
h
e
MD
MI
N
i
s
h
a
v
in
g
th
e
h
o
r
izo
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tal
a
n
d
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lin
k
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e
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ies
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o
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al
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Fig
u
r
e
3
.
8
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DM
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Desi
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+
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u
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e
4
.
8
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Desig
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n
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et+
+
2
.
2
.
Def
ini
t
io
n o
f
Net
wo
rk
T
ra
f
f
ic
P
a
t
t
er
ns
T
h
e
tr
af
f
ic
p
atter
n
i
s
d
e
f
in
ed
as
t
h
e
s
p
atial
d
is
tr
ib
u
t
io
n
o
f
m
es
s
ag
e
s
o
v
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th
e
n
o
d
es,
it
is
r
ep
r
esen
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b
y
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m
atr
ix
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n
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th
e
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e
n
t o
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m
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tr
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λ
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d
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es t
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n
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Def
ini
t
io
n
2
.
2
.
1
B
i
t
Co
m
ple
m
e
nt
T
ra
f
f
ic:
A
d
d
r
ess
o
f
t
h
e
d
esti
n
atio
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n
o
d
e
is
t
h
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it
w
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p
le
m
e
n
t
o
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t
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o
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e
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o
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ce
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o
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e.
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t
ca
n
b
e
g
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n
b
y
t
h
e
eq
u
atio
n
(
1
)
[
1
]
,
[
2
0
-
2
1
]
.
i
i
s
d
~
(
1
)
Def
ini
t
io
n
2
.
2
.
2
Unifo
r
m
Dis
t
ribute
d
T
ra
f
f
ic:
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n
th
i
s
tr
a
f
f
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c
eq
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al
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m
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er
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o
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y
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h
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e.
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e
tr
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ic
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atter
n
ca
n
b
e
d
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in
eq
u
atio
n
(
2
)
N
d
s
1
,
(
2
)
Her
e
„
N
‟
is
t
h
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
n
o
d
es.
T
h
is
m
a
k
es t
h
e
p
r
o
b
ab
ilit
y
o
f
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I
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N:
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8708
A
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I
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2
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.
Fig
u
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Def
ini
t
io
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4
.
1.
2
Net
w
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T
hro
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hp
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T
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[
1
9
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,
[
2
0
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.
Def
ini
t
io
ns
4
.
1.
3
Net
w
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la
t
ency
:
Net
w
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[
1
9
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[
2
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.
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ased
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ar
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ar
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ib
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u
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1
2
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d
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ese
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er
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o
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m
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t
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ial
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k
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h
e
n
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ig
h
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tr
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n
s
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y
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N
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s
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ap
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m
m
u
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m
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ar
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h
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er
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t
h
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i
n
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m
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ar
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o
n
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f
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I
N
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d
MD
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rio
2
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n
s
ce
n
ar
io
2
,
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e
h
av
e
co
n
s
id
er
ed
th
e
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o
ts
p
o
t
tr
af
f
ic
o
f
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%
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n
d
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0
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alo
n
g
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it
h
t
h
e
u
n
i
f
o
r
m
tr
a
f
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ic
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d
t
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e
r
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av
e
b
ee
n
d
i
s
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s
s
ed
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f
o
llo
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s
:
4
.
2
.
5
.
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r
m
T
ra
f
f
ic
w
it
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t
s
po
t
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h
e
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er
f
o
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m
a
n
ce
o
f
tr
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t
th
e
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f
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t
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d
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ib
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g
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e
1
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.
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t
s
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o
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i
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e
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DM
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d
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ig
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ted
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ts
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n
d
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e
al
m
o
s
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4
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2
.
6
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m
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ra
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t
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er
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o
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ce
o
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tr
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ic
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e
s
cr
ib
ed
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t
h
e
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g
u
r
e
1
3
an
d
1
4
.
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e
f
o
u
n
d
th
a
t
at
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ts
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th
e
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m
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n
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o
f
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a
f
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u
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t
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e
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ased
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u
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n
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h
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e
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n
d
MD
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g
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as
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r
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er
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its
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af
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y
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u
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t
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e
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h
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e
n
t
b
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D
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s
li
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h
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s
lo
w
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n
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m
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ar
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o
n
to
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f
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Fro
m
t
h
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en
tire
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g
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r
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w
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n
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e
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at
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N
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n
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e
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ased
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n
d
n
e
ig
h
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h
e
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g
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1
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a
n
d
1
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co
n
clu
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t
h
at
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ter
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n
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t
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is
a
ls
o
m
a
n
ag
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t
h
e
h
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ts
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ts
in
th
e
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et
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s
.
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n
th
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s
e
o
f
5
%
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ts
p
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t
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h
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t
t
h
e
r
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m
p
ar
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e
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o
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s
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th
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h
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.
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ed
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ith
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.
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.
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Ko
n
so
w
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,
“
P
e
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n
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e
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t
o
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m
u
lt
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re
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rc
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tu
re
,
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ter
n
a
ti
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l
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o
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l
o
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e
c
trica
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n
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C
o
mp
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ter
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g
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l
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ss
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e
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4
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,
p
p
.
6
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9
,
2
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[4
]
T
.
A
d
io
n
o
,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
A
n
so
c
a
rc
h
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tu
re
f
o
r
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l
-
ti
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o
ise
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m
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,
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ter
n
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l
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o
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f
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l
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n
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ter
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g
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v
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l
/
issu
e
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(
6
)
,
2
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1
5
.
[5
]
A
.
P
u
n
h
a
n
i,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
A
m
o
d
i
f
ied
d
iag
o
n
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l
m
e
sh
in
terc
o
n
n
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n
e
tw
o
rk
,
”
in
In
d
ia
C
o
n
fer
e
n
c
e
(
I
NDICO
N),
2
0
1
4
An
n
u
a
l
IEE
E
.
IEE
E,
p
p
.
1
–
6
,
2
0
1
4
.
[6
]
C.
L
.
S
e
it
z
,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
T
h
e
a
rc
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it
e
c
tu
re
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ro
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ra
m
m
in
g
o
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e
a
m
e
t
e
k
se
ries
2
0
1
0
m
u
lt
ico
m
p
u
ter,”
in
Pro
c
e
e
d
in
g
s o
f
th
e
th
ird
c
o
n
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e
n
c
e
o
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Hy
p
e
rc
u
b
e
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u
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n
t
c
o
m
p
u
ter
s
a
n
d
a
p
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
s:
Arc
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it
e
c
t
u
re
,
so
ft
w
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re
,
c
o
mp
u
ter
sy
ste
ms
,
a
n
d
g
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ra
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e
s
,
A
C
M
,
v
o
l.
1
,
p
p
.
3
3
–
37
,
1
9
8
8
.
[7
]
L
.
Bh
u
y
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n
,
“
S
p
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ial
issu
e
o
f
in
ter
c
o
n
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c
ti
o
n
n
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tw
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rk
s,”
IEE
E
Co
m
p
u
ter
,
v
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l
/
issu
e
:
20
(
6
)
,
1
9
8
7
.
[8
]
R.
V
a
ish
,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
On
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a
d
lo
c
k
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d
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a
n
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d
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r
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lg
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h
m
o
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x
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to
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s
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ti
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c
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s
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d
m
in
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l
lo
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k
u
p
s,”
T
h
e
J
o
u
rn
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o
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rc
o
mp
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ti
n
g
,
v
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ss
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:
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)
,
p
p
.
1
2
5
2
–
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2
8
8
,
2
0
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.
[9
]
E.
A
n
d
e
rso
n
,
e
t
a
l
.
,
“
P
e
rf
o
rm
a
n
c
e
o
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e
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ra
y
t3
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m
u
lt
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ro
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e
ss
o
r,
”
in
Pro
c
e
e
d
in
g
s
o
f
th
e
1
9
9
7
ACM
/IE
EE
c
o
n
fer
e
n
c
e
o
n
S
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p
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rc
o
mp
u
ti
n
g
.
A
CM
,
p
p
.
1
–
17
,
1
9
9
7
.
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0
]
S
.
L
.
L
il
lev
ik
,
“
T
h
e
to
u
c
h
st
o
n
e
3
0
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ig
a
f
lo
p
d
e
lt
a
p
ro
t
o
ty
p
e
,
”
in
Pro
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e
e
d
in
g
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o
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th
e
S
ixt
h
.
I
EE
E
Dist
rib
u
ted
M
e
mo
ry
Co
mp
u
t
in
g
Co
n
fer
e
n
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e
,
IEE
E,
p
p
.
6
7
1
–
6
7
7
,
1
9
9
1
.
[1
1
]
N.
Ra
k
e
sh
a
n
d
Nit
in
,
“
A
n
a
l
y
sis
o
f
m
u
lt
i
-
so
rt
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lg
o
rit
h
m
o
n
m
u
lt
i
-
m
e
sh
o
f
tree
s
(m
m
t)
a
rc
h
it
e
c
tu
re
,
”
T
h
e
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
S
u
p
e
rc
o
m
p
u
ti
n
g
,
v
o
l
/i
ss
u
e
:
57
(
3
)
,
p
p
.
2
7
6
–
3
1
3
,
2
0
1
1
.
[1
2
]
J.
G
re
g
o
r
y
a
n
d
R.
M
c
Re
y
n
o
ld
s,
“
T
h
e
so
lo
m
o
n
c
o
m
p
u
ter,”
IEE
E
T
ra
n
sa
c
ti
o
n
s
o
n
El
e
c
tro
n
ic
Co
mp
u
ter
s
,
v
o
l
.
6
,
p
p
.
774
–
7
8
1
,
1
9
6
3
.
[1
3
]
A
.
G
a
ra
,
e
t
a
l
.
,
“
Ov
e
rv
ie
w
o
f
th
e
b
lu
e
g
e
n
e
/l
sy
ste
m
a
r
c
h
it
e
c
tu
re
,
”
IBM
J
o
u
r
n
a
l
o
f
Res
e
a
rc
h
a
n
d
De
v
e
lo
p
me
n
t
,
v
o
l
/i
ss
u
e
:
49
(
2
.
3
)
,
p
p
.
1
9
5
–
2
1
2
,
2
0
0
5
.
[1
4
]
Y.
A
ji
m
a
,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
T
o
f
u
:
A
6
d
m
e
sh
/t
o
ru
s
in
terc
o
n
n
e
c
t
f
o
r
e
x
a
sc
a
le
c
o
m
p
u
ters
,
”
Co
mp
u
ter
,
v
o
l
/i
ss
u
e
:
11
(
42
)
,
p
p
.
36
–
4
0
,
2
0
0
9
.
[1
5
]
G
.
H.
Ba
rn
e
s,
e
t
a
l
.
,
“
T
h
e
il
li
a
c
i
v
c
o
m
p
u
ter,”
IEE
E
T
r
a
n
sa
c
ti
o
n
s
o
n
Co
m
p
u
ter
s
,
v
o
l
/i
ss
u
e
:
1
0
0
(
8
)
,
p
p
.
7
4
6
–
7
5
7
,
1
9
6
8
.
[1
6
]
K.
W
.
T
a
n
g
a
n
d
S
.
A
.
P
a
d
u
b
id
ri
,
“
Ro
u
t
in
g
a
n
d
d
iam
e
ter
a
n
a
l
y
sis
o
f
d
iag
o
n
a
l
m
e
sh
n
e
tw
o
rk
s
,
”
in
ICPP
(
1
)
,
p
p
.
143
–
1
5
0
,
1
9
9
2
.
[1
7
]
K.
W
.
Tan
g
,
e
t
a
l
.
,
“
Dia
g
o
n
a
l
a
n
d
to
r
o
id
a
l
m
e
sh
n
e
tw
o
rk
s,”
IEE
E
T
ra
n
sa
c
ti
o
n
s
o
n
C
o
mp
u
ter
s
,
v
o
l
/i
ss
u
e
:
43
(
7
)
,
p
p
.
815
–
8
2
6
,
1
9
9
4
.
[1
8
]
Y.
G
.
Wan
g
,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
T
o
p
o
l
o
g
ica
l
p
ro
p
e
rti
e
s
a
n
d
r
o
u
ti
n
g
a
lg
o
rit
h
m
f
o
r
se
m
i
-
d
iag
o
n
a
l
to
ru
s
n
e
tw
o
rk
s
,
”
T
h
e
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
Ch
in
a
Un
ive
rs
it
ies
o
f
Po
sts
a
n
d
T
e
lec
o
mm
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
s
,
v
o
l
/i
ss
u
e
:
18
(
5
)
,
p
p
.
6
4
–
7
0
,
2
0
1
1
.
[1
9
]
Y.
Ou
y
a
n
g
,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
Ne
t
w
o
rk
s
o
n
c
h
ip
b
a
se
d
o
n
d
iag
o
n
a
l
in
t
e
rli
n
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[2
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.
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[2
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J.
S
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l,
“
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A
.
V
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rg
a
,
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t++
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isc
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n
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si
m
u
latio
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ste
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in
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t
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ro
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simu
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L
.
Ted
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in
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sig
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,
p
p
.
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.
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