I
nte
rna
t
io
na
l J
o
urna
l o
f
E
lect
rica
l a
nd
Co
m
p
ute
r
E
ng
in
ee
ring
(
I
J
E
CE
)
Vo
l.
11
,
No
.
3
,
J
u
n
e
2021
,
p
p
.
1905
~
19
11
I
SS
N:
2088
-
8708
,
DOI
: 1
0
.
1
1
5
9
1
/
i
j
ec
e
.
v
11
i
3
.
p
p
1
9
0
5
-
19
11
1905
J
o
ur
na
l ho
m
ep
a
g
e
:
h
ttp
:
//ij
ec
e.
ia
esco
r
e.
co
m
M
ini
m
i
ze e
le
ctric
ity g
eneratio
n cos
t
for la
rg
e s
ca
le w
ind
-
ther
m
a
l sy
ste
m
s
c
o
nsidering
prohib
ited
o
pera
ti
ng
z
o
ne and
po
w
er r
eserv
e co
nstra
ints
P
ha
n Ng
uy
en
Vinh
1
,
B
a
ch
H
o
a
ng
Dinh
2
,
Va
n
-
Duc
P
ha
n
3
,
H
un
g
Duc
Ng
uy
en
4
,
T
ha
ng
T
rung
Ng
uy
en
5
1
F
a
c
u
lt
y
o
f
Cin
e
m
a
a
n
d
T
e
le
v
isio
n
,
T
h
e
Un
iv
e
rsity
o
f
T
h
e
a
tre an
d
Cin
e
m
a
Ho
Ch
i
M
in
h
Cit
y
,
Ho
C
h
i
M
i
n
h
Cit
y
,
V
ietn
a
m
2,
5
P
o
w
e
r
S
y
ste
m
Op
ti
m
iz
a
ti
o
n
Re
se
a
rc
h
G
ro
u
p
,
F
a
c
u
lt
y
o
f
El
e
c
tri
c
a
l
a
n
d
El
e
c
tr
o
n
i
c
s E
n
g
in
e
e
rin
g
,
T
o
n
D
u
c
T
h
a
n
g
Un
iv
e
rsit
y
,
Ho
Ch
i
M
in
h
Cit
y
,
V
i
e
tn
a
m
3
F
a
c
u
lt
y
o
f
A
u
to
m
o
b
il
e
T
e
c
h
n
o
lo
g
y
,
V
a
n
L
a
n
g
Un
iv
e
rsit
y
,
Ho
Ch
i
M
in
h
Cit
y
,
V
ietn
a
m
4
F
a
c
u
lt
y
o
f
El
e
c
tri
c
a
l
a
n
d
El
e
c
tro
n
ics
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
,
H
o
Ch
i
M
i
n
h
Cit
y
Un
iv
e
rsit
y
o
f
Tec
h
n
o
lo
g
y
,
V
ietn
a
m
Na
ti
o
n
a
l
Un
iv
e
rsity
,
Ho
Ch
i
M
i
n
h
Cit
y
,
V
ietn
a
m
Art
icle
I
nfo
AB
ST
RAC
T
A
r
ticle
his
to
r
y:
R
ec
eiv
ed
J
u
n
1
0
,
2
0
2
0
R
ev
i
s
ed
Sep
2
9
,
2
0
2
0
A
cc
ep
ted
Oct
1
0
,
2
0
2
0
W
in
d
p
o
w
e
r
p
lan
ts
(W
P
s)
p
lay
a
v
e
r
y
i
m
p
o
rtan
t
ro
le
in
th
e
p
o
w
e
r
s
y
st
e
m
s
b
e
c
a
u
se
th
e
rm
a
l
p
o
w
e
r
p
lan
ts
(TP
s)
su
f
f
e
rs
f
ro
m
sh
o
rtco
m
in
g
s
o
f
e
x
p
e
n
siv
e
c
o
st
a
n
d
li
m
it
e
d
f
o
ss
il
f
u
e
ls.
A
s
c
o
m
p
a
re
d
to
o
th
e
r
re
n
e
w
a
b
le
e
n
e
rg
ies
,
W
P
s
a
re
m
o
re
e
ff
e
c
ti
v
e
b
e
c
a
u
se
it
c
a
n
p
ro
d
u
c
e
e
lec
tri
c
it
y
a
ll
a
d
a
y
f
ro
m
th
e
m
o
rn
in
g
to
th
e
e
v
e
n
in
g
.
Co
n
se
q
u
e
n
t
ly
,
th
is
p
a
p
e
r
in
teg
ra
tes
t
h
e
o
p
ti
m
a
l
p
o
w
e
r
g
e
n
e
ra
ti
o
n
o
f
T
P
s
a
n
d
W
P
s
to
a
b
so
l
u
tely
e
x
p
lo
it
th
e
e
n
e
rg
y
f
ro
m
W
P
s
a
n
d
re
d
u
c
e
th
e
to
tal
e
lec
tri
c
it
y
g
e
n
e
ra
ti
o
n
c
o
st
o
f
T
P
s.
T
h
e
tar
g
e
t
c
a
n
b
e
re
a
c
h
e
d
b
y
e
m
p
lo
y
in
g
a
p
ro
p
o
se
d
m
e
th
o
d
,
c
a
ll
e
d
o
n
e
e
v
a
lu
a
ti
o
n
-
b
a
se
d
c
u
c
k
o
o
se
a
rc
h
a
lg
o
rit
h
m
(OEB
-
CS
A
),
w
h
ich
is
d
e
v
e
lo
p
e
d
f
ro
m
c
u
c
k
o
o
se
a
rc
h
a
lg
o
rit
h
m
(CS
A
).
In
a
d
d
it
io
n
,
c
o
n
v
e
n
ti
o
n
a
l
p
a
rt
i
c
le
sw
a
r
m
o
p
ti
m
iza
ti
o
n
(
P
S
O)
is
a
lso
im
p
le
m
e
n
ted
f
o
r
c
o
m
p
a
riso
n
.
T
w
o
te
st
sy
ste
m
s
w
it
h
th
irt
y
T
P
s
c
o
n
si
d
e
rin
g
p
r
o
h
ib
it
e
d
w
o
rk
in
g
z
o
n
e
a
n
d
p
o
w
e
r
re
se
rv
e
c
o
n
stra
in
ts
a
re
e
m
p
lo
y
e
d
.
T
h
e
f
irst
s
y
ste
m
h
a
s
o
n
e
w
in
d
p
o
w
e
r
p
lan
t
(W
P
)
w
h
i
l
e
t
h
e
s
e
c
o
n
d
o
n
e
h
a
s
t
w
o
W
P
s
.
T
h
e
r
e
s
u
l
t
c
o
m
p
a
r
i
s
o
n
s
i
n
d
i
c
a
t
e
t
h
a
t
O
E
B
-
C
S
A
c
a
n
b
e
t
h
e
b
e
s
t
m
e
t
h
o
d
f
o
r
t
h
e
c
o
m
b
i
n
e
d
s
y
s
t
e
m
s
w
i
t
h
W
P
s a
n
d
T
P
s.
K
ey
w
o
r
d
s
:
C
o
m
b
i
n
ed
s
y
s
te
m
s
Fu
el
co
s
t
P
o
w
er
r
eser
v
e
P
r
o
h
ib
ited
w
o
r
k
in
g
zo
n
e
T
h
er
m
al
p
o
w
er
p
lan
ts
W
in
d
p
o
w
er
p
lan
ts
T
h
is i
s
a
n
o
p
e
n
a
c
c
e
ss
a
rticle
u
n
d
e
r th
e
CC B
Y
-
SA
li
c
e
n
se
.
C
o
r
r
e
s
p
o
nd
ing
A
uth
o
r
:
T
h
an
g
T
r
u
n
g
N
g
u
y
e
n
P
o
w
er
S
y
s
te
m
Op
ti
m
izatio
n
R
esear
ch
Gr
o
u
p
,
Facu
l
t
y
o
f
E
lectr
ical
an
d
E
lectr
o
n
ics E
n
g
i
n
e
er
in
g
T
o
n
Du
c
T
h
an
g
Un
iv
er
s
it
y
,
1
9
Ng
u
y
en
H
u
u
T
h
o
s
tr
e
et,
T
an
P
h
o
n
g
w
ar
d
,
Dis
tr
ict
7
Ho
C
h
i M
i
n
h
C
it
y
,
Viet
n
am
E
m
ail:
n
g
u
y
en
tr
u
n
g
t
h
a
n
g
@
td
t
u
.
ed
u
.
v
n
1.
I
NT
RO
D
UCT
I
O
N
Op
ti
m
al
o
p
er
atio
n
o
f
p
o
w
er
s
y
s
te
m
s
p
la
y
s
a
v
er
y
i
m
p
o
r
t
an
t
r
o
le
i
n
r
ea
ch
i
n
g
h
ig
h
ec
o
n
o
m
y
a
n
d
s
tab
le
o
p
er
atio
n
s
tatu
s
o
f
all
e
lectr
ic
co
m
p
o
n
en
t
s
s
u
ch
a
s
tr
an
s
m
i
s
s
io
n
l
in
e
s
,
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
lin
es,
tr
a
n
s
f
o
r
m
er
s
,
g
en
er
ato
r
s
,
a
n
d
ca
p
ac
ito
r
s
[
1
,
2
]
.
Am
o
n
g
d
if
f
er
e
n
t
p
o
wer
p
lan
ts
s
u
ch
as
th
er
m
al
p
o
w
er
p
lan
ts
(
T
P
s
)
,
h
y
d
r
o
p
o
w
er
p
lan
t
s
(
HP
s
)
,
w
i
n
d
p
o
w
er
p
lan
t
s
(
W
P
s
)
,
s
o
lar
th
er
m
al
p
o
w
er
p
lan
ts
(
SP
s
)
an
d
p
h
o
to
v
o
ltaic
p
o
w
er
p
lan
ts
(
P
P
s
)
,
T
P
s
ar
e
c
o
n
s
u
m
i
n
g
h
u
g
e
a
m
o
u
n
t
o
f
f
o
s
s
il
f
u
el
s
(
FF
s
)
w
i
th
v
er
y
h
i
g
h
co
s
t.
Fu
r
t
h
er
m
o
r
e,
FF
s
w
ill
b
e
d
is
ti
n
ct
i
n
t
h
e
f
u
t
u
r
e
an
d
elec
tr
ic
en
er
g
y
p
o
w
er
s
af
et
y
w
i
ll
n
o
t b
e
w
ar
r
a
n
ted
.
S
o
,
th
e
i
n
te
g
r
atio
n
o
f
u
s
i
n
g
b
o
th
T
P
s
an
d
o
th
er
p
o
w
er
p
la
n
ts
w
it
h
s
m
aller
co
s
t
s
h
o
u
ld
b
e
i
m
p
le
m
en
ted
,
esp
ec
i
all
y
w
i
th
W
P
s
,
SP
s
an
d
P
P
s
.
C
u
r
r
en
tl
y
,
th
e
co
r
e
ta
s
k
o
f
o
p
er
ato
r
s
in
T
P
s
is
to
allo
ca
te
th
e
m
o
s
t o
p
ti
m
al
p
o
w
er
g
en
er
atio
n
to
r
ea
ch
th
e
lo
w
est ele
ctr
ic
g
en
er
atio
n
co
s
t b
y
b
u
r
n
i
n
g
FF
s
a
s
m
u
c
h
a
s
p
o
s
s
ib
le
[
3
-
5]
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8708
I
n
t J
E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
,
Vo
l.
11
,
No
.
3
,
J
u
n
e
2021
:
1
9
0
5
–
19
11
1906
T
h
e
co
r
e
task
o
f
r
ea
ch
i
n
g
th
e
lo
w
es
t
f
o
s
s
il
f
u
el
co
s
t
(
FF
C
)
f
r
o
m
T
P
s
h
as
b
ee
n
co
n
c
er
n
ed
an
d
attr
ac
ted
a
h
u
g
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
r
e
s
ea
r
ch
er
s
s
o
f
ar
.
T
h
is
ta
s
k
a
n
d
th
e
w
h
o
le
p
r
o
b
le
m
o
f
f
o
s
s
il
f
u
el
co
s
t
r
ed
u
ctio
n
ar
e
d
escr
ib
ed
in
d
etail
i
n
E
co
n
o
m
ic
l
o
ad
d
is
p
atc
h
(
E
L
D)
[
6
-
8
]
.
T
h
e
p
r
o
b
lem
ca
n
b
e
m
at
h
e
m
a
ticall
y
f
o
r
m
u
lated
b
y
p
r
esen
t
in
g
o
b
j
ec
tiv
e
f
u
n
c
tio
n
an
d
a
co
n
s
tr
ai
n
t
s
et
i
n
w
h
ich
FF
C
r
ed
u
c
tio
n
i
s
o
b
j
ec
tiv
e
w
h
ile
g
en
er
atio
n
li
m
it
s
o
f
g
e
n
er
ato
r
s
in
T
P
s
an
d
b
alan
ce
o
f
ac
tiv
e
p
o
w
er
b
et
w
ee
n
s
u
p
p
l
y
s
id
e
an
d
co
n
s
u
m
i
n
g
s
id
e
ar
e
r
eg
ar
d
ed
as
m
aj
o
r
co
n
s
tr
ain
ts
.
T
h
is
is
t
h
e
s
i
m
p
lest
m
o
d
el
o
f
E
L
D
i
n
p
o
w
er
s
y
s
te
m
o
p
ti
m
izatio
n
o
p
er
atio
n
.
Fo
r
m
o
r
e
co
m
p
lica
ted
E
L
D
p
r
o
b
lem
,
p
r
o
h
ib
ited
w
o
r
k
i
n
g
zo
n
es,
r
a
m
p
r
ate
li
m
i
ts
o
f
g
e
n
er
atio
n
as
w
ell
a
s
p
o
w
er
r
eser
v
e
d
e
m
a
n
d
ar
e
tak
en
in
to
co
n
s
id
er
atio
n
[
9
-
12]
T
h
an
k
s
to
th
e
d
ev
elo
p
m
e
n
t
o
f
co
m
p
u
tat
io
n
alg
o
r
it
h
m
s
,
E
L
D
p
r
o
b
lem
s
w
it
h
o
u
t
an
d
w
it
h
th
e
m
o
s
t
co
m
p
lica
ted
co
n
s
tr
ain
ts
h
a
v
e
b
ee
n
s
o
lv
ed
s
u
cc
es
s
f
u
ll
y
.
T
h
e
ap
p
lie
d
m
et
h
o
d
g
r
o
u
p
s
ar
e
class
if
ied
in
to
d
er
iv
ativ
e
-
b
ased
m
et
h
o
d
g
r
o
u
p
[
1
1
-
1
3
]
an
d
p
o
p
u
latio
n
-
b
ased
m
eth
o
d
g
r
o
u
p
[
1
4
-
2
0
]
.
T
h
e
co
m
er
is
lo
w
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
a
n
d
it
s
ap
p
licati
o
n
s
ar
e
n
o
t
w
id
e
s
u
ch
as
L
a
g
r
an
g
e
alg
o
r
it
h
m
[
1
1
]
,
Ne
w
to
n
alg
o
r
ith
m
[
1
2
]
,
an
d
g
r
ad
ien
t
s
ea
r
ch
[
1
3
]
.
On
t
h
e
c
o
n
tr
ar
y
,
t
h
e
latter
is
h
i
g
h
l
y
e
f
f
ec
tiv
e
a
n
d
ap
p
lied
m
o
r
e
w
id
el
y
a
n
d
s
u
cc
es
s
f
u
ll
y
s
u
c
h
as
m
o
d
if
ied
m
o
t
h
s
w
ar
m
alg
o
r
ith
m
(
MM
S
A
)
[
1
4
]
,
s
to
c
h
asti
c
f
r
ac
tal
s
ea
r
ch
alg
o
r
it
h
m
(
SF
SA
)
[
1
5
]
,
B
e
e
o
p
tim
izatio
n
al
g
o
r
ith
m
(
B
O
A)
[
1
6
-
1
7
]
,
teac
h
in
g
-
lear
n
i
n
g
alg
o
r
ith
m
(
T
L
A
)
[
1
8
]
,
cr
o
w
al
g
o
r
ith
m
(
C
A
)
[
1
9
]
an
d
h
y
b
r
id
al
g
o
r
ith
m
(
H
A
)
[
2
0
]
.
Ho
w
e
v
er
,
t
h
er
e
w
as
n
o
co
n
s
id
er
atio
n
o
f
r
en
e
w
ab
le
en
er
g
ies
in
th
e
s
t
u
d
ies
s
u
c
h
as
W
P
s
,
SP
s
a
n
d
P
P
s
.
No
w
ad
a
y
s
,
W
P
s
ca
n
g
e
n
er
ate
a
h
i
g
h
p
o
w
er
an
d
p
r
o
v
id
e
a
h
u
g
e
elec
tr
icit
y
p
o
w
er
en
er
g
y
to
p
o
w
er
s
y
s
te
m
s
.
T
h
e
g
en
er
atio
n
co
o
p
er
atio
n
o
f
W
P
s
an
d
T
P
s
h
as
b
ee
n
s
tu
d
i
ed
an
d
p
r
esen
ted
in
d
if
f
er
e
n
t
w
o
r
k
s
[
2
1
,
2
2
]
f
o
r
co
s
t
r
ed
u
ctio
n
i
n
T
P
s
.
Un
ce
r
tain
t
y
c
h
ar
ac
ter
is
tic
o
f
w
i
n
d
v
elo
cit
y
(
W
V)
w
as
s
tu
d
ied
a
n
d
r
ep
r
esen
ted
as
a
p
r
o
b
a
b
ilit
y
f
u
n
ctio
n
[
2
1
]
.
W
V
w
as
u
n
ce
r
tai
n
a
n
d
p
o
w
er
g
en
er
atio
n
o
f
w
in
d
tu
r
b
in
es
w
a
s
also
u
n
ce
r
tai
n
.
F
o
r
an
o
th
er
ca
s
e
w
i
th
t
h
e
as
s
u
m
p
tio
n
o
f
ce
r
tai
n
t
y
o
f
W
V,
T
P
s
ar
e
in
ch
ar
g
e
o
f
p
r
o
d
u
cin
g
t
h
e
r
e
m
ai
n
i
n
g
p
o
wer
o
f
lo
ad
d
em
an
d
.
P
SO
an
d
b
at
o
p
tim
izer
(
B
O)
w
er
e
u
s
ed
as
t
w
o
m
ai
n
to
o
ls
in
allo
ca
tin
g
o
p
ti
m
al
g
en
er
atio
n
o
f
T
P
s
an
d
W
P
s
[
2
2
]
.
I
n
t
h
is
p
ap
er
,
th
e
elec
tr
ici
t
y
g
en
er
atio
n
in
te
g
r
atio
n
o
f
W
P
s
an
d
T
P
s
is
s
t
u
d
ied
f
o
r
th
e
co
r
e
task
o
f
elec
tr
icit
y
co
s
t
r
ed
u
ctio
n
.
T
h
e
d
u
t
y
o
f
co
s
t
r
ed
u
ctio
n
a
n
d
co
n
s
tr
ain
t
s
a
tis
f
ac
to
r
y
is
ac
co
m
p
lis
h
ed
b
y
u
s
in
g
P
SO
[
2
3
-
2
4
]
,
cu
ck
o
o
s
ea
r
ch
a
lg
o
r
ith
m
(
C
S
A
)
[
2
5
,
2
6
]
an
d
o
n
e
e
v
al
u
atio
n
-
b
ased
C
S
A
(
O
E
B
-
C
S
A
)
.
Am
o
n
g
th
e
m
eth
o
d
s
,
OE
B
-
C
S
A
is
f
ir
s
t
d
ev
elo
p
ed
in
t
h
e
p
ap
er
.
T
h
e
th
r
ee
m
et
h
o
d
s
ar
e
r
u
n
o
n
t
wo
d
if
f
er
en
t
s
y
s
te
m
s
,
th
e
f
i
f
tee
n
-
T
P
s
an
d
o
n
e
-
W
i
n
d
p
o
w
er
p
lan
t
(
W
P
)
s
y
s
te
m
,
an
d
t
h
e
t
h
ir
t
y
-
T
P
s
an
d
t
w
o
-
W
P
s
s
y
s
te
m
.
T
h
e
n
o
v
elt
y
o
f
t
h
e
p
ap
e
r
is
as f
o
llo
w
s
:
-
P
r
o
p
o
s
e
a
n
e
w
al
g
o
r
ith
m
,
ca
ll
ed
OE
B
-
C
S
A
-
P
r
o
p
o
s
e
th
e
i
n
te
g
r
atio
n
o
f
W
P
s
an
d
T
P
s
co
n
s
id
er
in
g
p
r
o
h
i
b
ited
w
o
r
k
i
n
g
zo
n
e
(
P
W
Z
)
an
d
p
o
w
er
r
eser
v
e
(
P
R
)
co
n
s
tr
ain
ts
T
h
e
m
ai
n
co
n
tr
ib
u
tio
n
o
f
th
e
p
ap
er
is
as f
o
llo
w
s
:
-
I
n
tr
o
d
u
ce
a
b
etter
alg
o
r
ith
m
th
an
C
S
A
a
n
d
P
SO
-
R
ea
ch
lo
w
co
s
t
f
o
r
T
P
s
-
P
r
o
v
id
e
en
o
u
g
h
p
o
w
er
an
d
p
o
w
er
r
eser
v
e
to
s
y
s
te
m
2.
O
P
T
I
M
AL
L
O
AD
DI
SPAT
CH
P
RO
B
L
E
M
DE
SCRI
P
T
I
O
N
2
.
1
.
E
lect
ric
g
ener
a
t
io
n c
o
s
t
a
nd
o
bje
ct
iv
e
I
n
E
L
D
p
r
o
b
le
m
,
elec
tr
ic
g
e
n
er
atio
n
co
s
t
o
n
l
y
co
n
s
id
er
s
c
o
s
t
o
f
f
o
s
s
il
f
u
el
m
ea
n
w
h
i
le
o
th
er
co
s
ts
r
eg
ar
d
in
g
h
u
m
an
it
y
an
d
b
e
n
e
f
it
ar
e
n
e
g
lecte
d
.
T
h
e
co
n
s
id
er
atio
n
is
b
ec
au
s
e
f
o
s
s
il
f
u
el
is
d
ir
ec
tl
y
r
elate
d
to
p
o
w
er
g
e
n
er
atio
n
.
T
h
e
co
s
t
o
f
p
o
w
er
g
e
n
er
atio
n
i
s
a
s
ec
o
n
d
o
r
d
er
f
u
n
ctio
n
w
it
h
r
esp
ec
t
t
o
p
o
w
er
g
en
er
atio
n
is
b
ein
g
as
(
1
)
[
1
]
:
2
k
k
k
k
k
k
F
F
C
P
P
(
1
)
w
h
er
e
FFC
k
is
t
h
e
f
o
s
s
il
f
u
e
l
co
s
t
o
f
t
h
e
k
t
h
T
P
;
δ
k
,
λ
k
,
α
k
ar
e
co
ef
f
ic
ien
t
s
,
w
h
ic
h
ar
e
o
b
tain
ed
b
y
e
x
p
er
i
m
e
n
t;
P
k
is
th
e
p
o
w
er
g
en
er
atio
n
o
f
t
h
e
kth
TP
.
As
co
n
s
id
er
in
g
a
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
av
ailab
le
T
P
s
(
N
TP
s
)
p
r
o
v
id
in
g
elec
tr
icit
y
to
lo
ad
s
,
to
tal
co
s
t
(
T
C
)
o
f
all
T
P
s
is
an
o
b
j
ec
tiv
e
f
u
n
ctio
n
t
h
at
n
ee
d
s
to
b
e
m
in
i
m
ized
as
s
h
o
w
n
in
(
2
)
[
2
7
]
:
1
M
i
n
i
m
i
z
e
T
P
s
N
k
k
F
C
F
F
C
(
2
)
T
h
e
o
b
j
ec
tiv
e
f
u
n
ctio
n
i
s
s
u
b
j
ec
t to
th
e
f
o
llo
w
i
n
g
co
n
s
tr
ai
n
t
s
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J
E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
I
SS
N:
2088
-
8708
Min
imiz
e
elec
t
r
icity
g
en
era
tio
n
co
s
t fo
r
la
r
g
e
s
ca
le
w
in
d
-
th
erma
l sys
tem
s
…
(
P
h
a
n
N
g
u
ye
n
V
in
h
)
1907
2
.
1
.
Co
ns
t
ra
ints
2
.
1
.
1
.
B
a
l
a
nce
co
ns
t
ra
int
As
co
n
s
id
er
in
g
b
o
th
T
P
s
an
d
W
P
s
as
tw
o
p
o
w
er
s
o
u
r
ce
s
s
u
p
p
l
y
i
n
g
elec
tr
icit
y
to
lo
ad
s
,
th
e
to
tal
p
o
w
er
o
f
th
e
p
lan
ts
m
u
s
t
b
e
eq
u
al
to
lo
ad
d
em
an
d
w
it
h
as
s
u
m
p
tio
n
o
f
n
e
g
lect
in
g
p
o
w
er
lo
s
s
in
tr
a
n
s
m
i
s
s
io
n
lin
es.
T
h
is
i
s
p
o
w
er
b
alan
ce
a
n
d
p
r
esen
ted
b
y
(
3
)
:
1
1
0
W
P
s
T
P
s
N
k
L
o
a
d
s
k
N
wm
m
PP
P
(
3
)
w
h
er
e
P
Wm
is
th
e
p
o
w
er
g
e
n
er
atio
n
o
f
t
h
e
m
t
h
W
P
;
N
W
P
s
is
t
h
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
W
P
s
; a
n
d
P
Loads
is
th
e
d
e
m
a
n
d
o
f
all
lo
ad
s
in
th
e
s
y
s
te
m
.
2
.
1
.
2
.
P
o
w
er
g
ener
a
t
io
n li
m
it
s
T
h
e
g
en
er
ato
r
in
T
P
s
as
w
el
l
as
W
P
s
m
u
s
t
b
e
r
u
n
w
it
h
i
n
its
ca
p
ac
it
y
,
w
h
ich
i
s
h
ig
h
er
th
an
t
h
e
m
i
n
i
m
u
m
g
en
er
atio
n
f
o
r
th
e
e
co
n
o
m
ic
p
u
r
p
o
s
e
an
d
n
o
t
h
ig
h
er
th
a
n
r
ated
p
o
w
er
f
o
r
th
e
s
af
et
y
p
u
r
p
o
s
e.
T
h
e
li
m
it
s
ar
e
s
er
io
u
s
l
y
co
n
s
id
er
ed
in
E
L
D
p
r
o
b
le
m
a
n
d
th
e
t
w
o
f
o
llo
w
in
g
i
n
eq
u
ali
ties
m
u
s
t b
e
s
atis
f
ied
.
m
in
m
a
x
k
k
k
P
P
P
(
4
)
m
in
m
a
x
w
m
w
m
w
m
P
P
P
(
5
)
W
h
er
e
P
kmin
an
d
P
kmax
ar
e
t
h
e
m
i
n
i
m
u
m
a
n
d
m
a
x
i
m
u
m
g
e
n
e
r
atio
n
o
f
t
h
e
kth
T
P
; a
n
d
P
w
mmi
n
an
d
P
w
mmax
ar
e
t
h
e
m
i
n
i
m
u
m
a
n
d
m
a
x
i
m
u
m
g
en
e
r
atio
n
o
f
th
e
mth
WP
.
T
h
e
P
wm
is
ca
lc
u
lated
b
y
u
s
i
n
g
th
e
f
o
r
m
u
la
(
6
)
:
,
,
0
0
w
m
ra
t
e
wm
w
m
ra
t
e
if
W
V
W
V
i
W
V
W
V
i
P
if
W
V
i
W
V
W
V
r
P
W
V
r
W
V
i
P
if
W
V
r
W
V
W
V
o
else
(
6
)
w
h
er
e
P
wm
an
d
P
w
m,
rate
ar
e
g
e
n
er
atio
n
an
d
r
ated
g
e
n
er
atio
n
o
f
t
h
e
mth
W
P
;
W
V
a
n
d
W
V
r
,
a
r
e
s
p
ee
d
an
d
r
ated
s
p
ee
d
o
f
w
i
n
d
at
t
h
e
m
th
W
P
;
an
d
W
V
i
an
d
W
V
o
ar
e
t
h
e
lo
w
e
s
t
an
d
h
i
g
h
est
v
elo
cit
y
o
f
w
i
n
d
f
o
r
p
o
w
er
g
en
er
atio
n
.
2
.
1
.
3
.
P
ro
hib
it
ed
w
o
rk
ing
zo
ne
(
P
W
Z
)
T
h
is
is
t
h
e
zo
n
e
t
h
at
g
e
n
er
ato
r
s
ca
n
n
o
t
b
e
r
u
n
d
u
e
to
t
h
e
s
a
f
e
t
y
co
n
s
tr
ain
t.
Gen
er
ato
r
s
o
f
T
P
s
h
av
e
to
b
e
r
u
n
o
u
ts
id
e
t
h
e
zo
n
e
alt
h
o
u
g
h
t
h
e
p
o
w
er
i
n
th
e
zo
n
e
s
ca
n
r
ed
u
ce
th
e
FF
C
f
o
r
th
e
kth
T
P
.
I
n
o
r
d
er
to
s
atis
f
y
th
e
co
n
s
tr
ain
t,
p
o
w
er
g
en
er
ati
o
n
o
f
th
e
kt
h
T
P
m
u
s
t sati
s
f
y
t
h
e
f
o
r
m
u
la
(
7
)
:
m
in
1
1
m
a
x
;
=
2
,
..
..
.,
k
P
W
Z
s
k
P
W
Z
s
l
k
k
k
ul
k
k
z
k
k
z
k
P
W
Z
s
u
k
N
N
k
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
z
N
P
P
P
(
7
)
w
h
er
e
k
PW
Zs
N
is
t
h
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
p
r
o
h
ib
ited
w
o
r
k
i
n
g
zo
n
es
(
P
W
Z
s
)
o
f
th
e
kth
T
P
;
1
u
kz
P
is
th
e
u
p
p
er
b
o
u
n
d
o
f
th
e
(
z
-
1)
th
P
W
Z
; a
n
d
l
kz
P
is
th
e
lo
w
er
b
o
u
n
d
o
f
th
e
z
th
P
W
Z
.
2
.
1
.
4
.
P
o
w
er
re
s
er
v
e
li
m
it
I
n
o
r
d
er
to
w
ar
r
an
tee
lo
ad
s
ar
e
al
w
a
y
s
s
u
p
p
lied
e
n
o
u
g
h
p
o
w
er
al
l
t
h
e
t
i
m
e
e
v
en
o
n
e
lar
g
est
T
P
s
to
p
s
w
o
r
k
i
n
g
s
u
d
d
en
l
y
,
p
o
w
er
r
es
er
v
e
m
u
s
t
b
e
r
ec
alled
f
r
o
m
all
av
ailab
le
T
P
s
in
th
e
s
y
s
t
e
m
.
A
s
co
n
s
id
er
in
g
p
o
w
er
r
eser
v
e
li
m
it,
ea
c
h
T
P
ca
n
n
o
t
w
o
r
k
at
t
h
e
m
ax
i
m
u
m
p
o
w
er
g
e
n
er
atio
n
a
n
d
th
e
r
e
m
ain
i
n
g
p
o
w
er
f
r
o
m
all
av
ai
lab
le
T
P
s
m
u
s
t
b
e
at
least
eq
u
al
to
t
h
e
p
o
w
er
r
e
s
er
v
e
r
eq
u
ir
ed
b
y
t
h
e
p
o
w
er
s
y
s
te
m
.
T
h
e
co
n
s
tr
ain
t
i
s
s
h
o
w
n
in
(
8
)
:
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8708
I
n
t J
E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
,
Vo
l.
11
,
No
.
3
,
J
u
n
e
2021
:
1
9
0
5
–
19
11
1908
1
N
k
k
TP
s
R
P
R
P
(
8
)
w
h
er
e
RP
k
is
p
o
w
er
r
eser
v
e
o
f
th
e
k
t
h
T
P
; a
n
d
RP
is
th
e
p
o
w
er
r
eser
v
e
o
f
th
e
s
y
s
te
m
.
R
P
is
a
k
n
o
w
n
f
ac
to
r
m
ea
n
w
h
ile
RP
k
m
u
s
t b
e
d
eter
m
i
n
ed
d
ep
en
d
en
t o
n
t
h
e
p
o
w
er
g
e
n
er
ati
o
n
an
d
th
e
m
ax
i
m
u
m
p
o
w
er
r
eser
v
e
a
s
(
7
)
:
m
a
x
m
a
x
m
a
x
m
a
x
k
k
k
k
k
k
k
RP
P
P
if
R
P
P
P
R
P
e
ls
e
(
9
)
w
h
er
e
RP
kmax
is
t
h
e
m
a
x
i
m
u
m
p
o
w
er
r
eser
v
e
o
f
t
h
e
kth
TP
.
3.
T
H
E
P
RO
P
O
SE
D
AL
G
O
RI
T
H
M
3
.
1
.
Cuc
k
o
o
s
ea
rc
h a
lg
o
rit
h
m
3
.
1
.
1
.
E
x
plo
ra
t
io
n
m
ec
ha
ni
s
m
T
h
is
m
ec
h
an
i
s
m
ex
p
lo
r
es
lar
g
e
s
ea
r
ch
s
p
ac
e
b
ased
o
n
L
év
y
f
li
g
h
ts
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
w
i
th
in
f
i
n
ite
li
m
its
.
T
h
an
k
to
th
e
m
ec
h
an
i
s
m
,
ea
c
h
o
ld
s
o
lu
tio
n
S
x
is
n
e
w
l
y
u
p
d
ated
as sh
o
w
n
i
n
t
h
e
f
o
r
m
u
la
(
1
0
)
[
2
8
]
:
,
.
(
)
;
1
,
.
.
.
,
x
n
e
w
x
b
e
s
t
x
S
S
r
S
L
e
v
y
S
x
P
o
(1
0
)
w
h
er
e
r
is
p
o
s
itiv
e
s
ca
li
n
g
f
a
cto
r
w
i
th
i
n
0
an
d
1
;
L
ev
y
is
L
é
v
y
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
;
S
best
is
th
e
b
est
s
o
lu
tio
n
o
f
t
h
e
p
o
p
u
latio
n
;
Po
is
th
e
p
o
p
u
lati
o
n
s
ize;
an
d
S
x,
ne
w
i
s
th
e
n
e
w
x
th
s
o
lu
tio
n
.
3
.
1
.
2
.
E
x
plo
it
a
t
io
n
m
ec
ha
nis
m
On
t
h
e
co
n
tr
ar
y
to
e
x
p
lo
r
atio
n
m
ec
h
a
n
i
s
m
,
ex
p
lo
itatio
n
m
ec
h
an
i
s
m
f
o
cu
s
e
s
o
n
s
m
all
s
e
ar
ch
s
p
ac
e
n
ea
r
b
y
ea
c
h
o
ld
s
o
lu
tio
n
.
A
s
tep
s
ize
f
ar
a
w
a
y
f
r
o
m
ea
c
h
o
ld
s
o
l
u
tio
n
i
s
f
o
r
m
ed
b
as
ed
o
n
t
w
o
r
a
n
d
o
m
s
o
lu
tio
n
s
S
1
a
n
d
S
2
;
h
o
w
ev
er
,
n
o
t
ev
er
y
o
ld
s
o
lu
t
io
n
i
s
n
e
w
l
y
u
p
d
ated
.
T
h
is
is
th
e
s
ec
o
n
d
d
if
f
er
e
n
ce
b
et
w
ee
n
ex
p
lo
itatio
n
a
n
d
e
x
p
lo
r
atio
n
m
ec
h
a
n
i
s
m
s
.
E
ac
h
o
ld
s
o
l
u
ti
o
n
S
x
is
p
r
o
d
u
ce
d
a
r
an
d
o
m
n
u
m
b
er
r
x
an
d
t
h
i
s
f
ac
to
r
is
co
m
p
ar
ed
to
a
m
u
tat
io
n
f
ac
to
r
F
Mu
,
w
h
ic
h
i
s
r
an
d
o
m
l
y
g
e
n
er
ated
w
it
h
i
n
0
an
d
1
.
T
h
e
ex
p
lo
itatio
n
m
ec
h
a
n
i
s
m
is
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
(
1
1
)
[
2
9
]
:
12
,
.
(
)
x
x
M
u
x
n
e
w
x
S
r
d
S
S
if
r
F
S
S
o
th
e
r
w
is
e
(
1
1
)
w
h
er
e
rd
is
a
r
an
d
o
m
l
y
g
e
n
er
ated
n
u
m
b
er
i
n
th
e
r
a
n
g
e
o
f
0
an
d
1
;
an
d
S
1
an
d
S
2
ar
e
t
w
o
s
o
lu
tio
n
s
r
an
d
o
m
l
y
s
elec
ted
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
ca
n
d
id
ate
p
o
p
u
latio
n
.
3.
2
.
O
ne
ev
a
lua
t
io
n
-
ba
s
ed
cuck
o
o
s
ea
rc
h
a
lg
o
rit
h
m
(
O
E
B
-
CSA)
As
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
s
ec
tio
n
3
.
1
,
C
S
A
in
cl
u
d
es
t
w
o
m
ec
h
a
n
i
s
m
s
o
f
p
r
o
d
u
cin
g
n
e
w
s
o
lu
tio
n
s
.
So
,
it
ta
k
es
C
S
A
lo
n
g
ti
m
e
to
i
m
p
le
m
e
n
t
a
h
ig
h
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
s
o
lu
t
io
n
ev
a
lu
atio
n
s
,
n
a
m
el
y
(
2
×
)
ev
alu
at
io
n
s
.
T
h
is
s
ee
m
s
to
b
e
th
e
m
ai
n
r
es
tr
ictio
n
o
f
C
S
A
a
n
d
it
s
h
o
u
ld
b
e
tack
led
.
I
n
t
h
is
p
ap
er
,
OE
B
-
C
S
A
is
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
to
s
h
o
r
ten
th
e
co
m
p
u
tatio
n
ti
m
e
o
f
p
r
o
d
u
ci
n
g
n
e
w
s
o
l
u
tio
n
s
a
n
d
i
m
p
le
m
en
tin
g
n
e
w
s
o
l
u
tio
n
ev
al
u
a
tio
n
s
.
T
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
m
et
h
o
d
is
i
m
p
le
m
en
ted
f
o
r
f
in
d
in
g
t
h
e
b
est
s
o
lu
tio
n
u
n
ti
l
th
e
co
m
p
u
tatio
n
iter
atio
n
(
It
)
is
eq
u
al
to
th
e
m
ax
i
m
u
m
iter
atio
n
Ma
xI
ter
as
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
Fi
g
u
r
e
1
o
f
A
p
p
en
d
i
x
.
4.
NUM
E
RICAL
R
E
SU
L
T
S
I
n
th
i
s
s
ec
tio
n
,
t
h
r
ee
i
m
p
le
m
e
n
ted
m
e
th
o
d
s
i
n
cl
u
d
in
g
P
SO,
C
S
A
a
n
d
OE
B
-
C
S
A
s
o
lv
e
t
wo
s
y
s
te
m
s
f
o
r
r
ed
u
cin
g
to
tal
co
s
t
o
f
all
T
P
s
in
th
e
i
n
te
g
r
ated
s
y
s
te
m
s
.
E
ac
h
ap
p
lied
m
et
h
o
d
is
r
u
n
f
o
r
g
ettin
g
ca
n
d
id
ate
s
o
lu
tio
n
s
o
f
5
0
tr
ials
o
n
Ma
tla
b
an
d
a
co
m
p
u
ter
-
2
.
2
GHz
a
n
d
4
.
0
GB
-
R
A
M.
T
h
e
d
etail
o
f
s
i
m
u
lat
io
n
r
es
u
lt
is
p
r
esen
ted
in
th
e
t
w
o
f
o
llo
w
i
n
g
s
ec
t
io
n
s
.
I
n
t
h
e
f
ir
s
t
s
y
s
te
m
,
t
h
e
f
ir
s
t
W
P
in
[
3
0
]
w
it
h
r
ated
w
i
n
d
s
p
ee
d
an
d
r
ated
elec
tr
ic
p
o
w
er
o
f
1
5
m
/s
a
n
d
1
2
0
MW
is
co
n
s
id
er
ed
.
I
n
th
e
s
ec
o
n
d
s
y
s
te
m
,
t
wo
W
P
s
in
[
3
0
]
ar
e
in
te
g
r
ated
w
ith
3
0
T
P
s
.
T
h
e
f
ir
s
t
W
P
is
th
e
s
a
m
e
t
h
at
i
n
t
h
e
f
ir
s
t
s
y
s
te
m
w
h
ile
t
h
e
s
ec
o
n
d
W
P
h
as
r
ated
w
i
n
d
s
p
ee
d
an
d
r
ated
elec
tr
ic
p
o
w
er
o
f
1
5
m
/s
a
n
d
8
0
MW
.
I
n
o
r
d
er
to
r
u
n
th
e
th
r
ee
ap
p
lied
m
et
h
o
d
s
,
th
e
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J
E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
I
SS
N:
2088
-
8708
Min
imiz
e
elec
t
r
icity
g
en
era
tio
n
co
s
t fo
r
la
r
g
e
s
ca
le
w
in
d
-
th
erma
l sys
tem
s
…
(
P
h
a
n
N
g
u
ye
n
V
in
h
)
1909
m
ax
i
m
u
m
iter
atio
n
is
s
elec
ted
to
b
e
5
0
0
b
u
t
p
o
p
u
latio
n
is
s
elec
ted
n
o
t
to
b
e
th
e
s
a
m
e
f
o
r
th
e
t
h
r
ee
m
et
h
o
d
s
,
5
0
f
o
r
C
SA
a
n
d
OE
B
-
C
S
A
,
an
d
1
0
0
f
o
r
P
SO.
4
.
1
.
Resul
t
s
f
ro
m
t
he
f
irst
s
y
s
t
e
m
I
n
th
e
f
ir
s
t
s
y
s
te
m
,
th
ir
t
y
T
P
s
[
4
]
an
d
o
n
e
W
P
[
3
0
]
s
u
p
p
ly
el
ec
tr
icit
y
to
lo
ad
o
f
5
3
0
0
M
W
an
d
p
o
w
er
r
eser
v
e
o
f
4
0
0
MW
.
T
h
e
r
esu
l
t
s
u
m
m
ar
y
is
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
Fig
u
r
e
2
an
d
th
e
d
etai
l
o
f
5
0
r
u
n
s
is
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
Fi
g
u
r
e
3
.
Fig
u
r
e
2
s
ee
s
OE
B
-
C
S
A
i
s
t
h
e
b
est
m
et
h
o
d
w
it
h
t
h
e
s
a
m
e
m
i
n
i
m
u
m
co
s
t
w
i
th
C
S
A
a
n
d
m
u
c
h
les
s
m
i
n
i
m
u
m
co
s
t
th
a
n
P
SO.
F
u
r
th
er
m
o
r
e,
OE
B
-
C
S
A
ca
n
r
ea
c
h
b
etter
m
ea
n
co
s
t
a
n
d
m
a
x
i
m
u
m
co
s
t
t
h
an
b
o
t
h
C
S
A
a
n
d
P
SO.
Fig
u
r
e
3
r
ev
ea
ls
th
e
s
tr
o
n
g
s
tab
ilit
y
o
f
OE
B
-
C
S
A
s
i
n
ce
all
r
u
n
s
o
f
th
e
m
et
h
o
d
ar
e
lied
o
n
a
lin
e
w
h
ile
th
o
s
e
o
f
P
SO
a
n
d
C
S
A
h
a
v
e
f
l
u
ctu
a
tio
n
s
,
esp
ec
iall
y
P
SO
w
it
h
v
er
y
h
i
g
h
f
lu
ct
u
atio
n
s
.
T
h
e
m
o
r
e
p
r
o
m
is
i
n
g
co
s
ts
i
n
d
icate
t
h
at
OE
B
-
C
S
A
is
m
o
r
e
r
o
b
u
s
t
th
a
n
t
h
e
t
w
o
m
eth
o
d
s
i
n
f
in
d
i
n
g
th
e
b
est
s
o
l
u
tio
n
a
n
d
t
h
e
s
ea
r
ch
s
tab
ilit
y
ca
p
ab
ilit
y
.
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
Su
m
m
ar
y
o
f
r
es
u
lt
s
f
r
o
m
5
0
r
u
n
s
f
o
r
s
y
s
te
m
1
Fig
u
r
e
3
.
C
o
s
t o
f
5
0
r
u
n
s
f
o
r
s
y
s
te
m
1
4
.
2
.
Resul
t
s
f
ro
m
t
he
s
ec
o
n
d sy
s
t
e
m
I
n
th
e
s
ec
o
n
d
s
y
s
te
m
,
th
ir
t
y
T
P
s
[
4
]
an
d
t
w
o
W
P
s
[
3
0
]
ar
e
i
n
ch
ar
g
e
o
f
p
r
o
v
id
in
g
elec
tr
ici
t
y
to
lo
ad
an
d
p
o
w
er
r
eser
v
e
o
f
5
3
0
0
MW
an
d
4
0
0
M
W
,
r
esp
ec
tiv
el
y
.
S
u
m
m
ar
y
a
n
d
d
etail
o
f
5
0
r
u
n
s
ar
e
p
lo
tted
in
Fig
u
r
es
4
an
d
5
,
r
esp
ec
tiv
el
y
.
Fig
u
r
e
4
s
h
o
w
s
th
at
OE
B
-
C
S
A
ca
n
g
et
t
h
e
lo
w
e
s
t
m
i
n
i
m
u
m
,
m
ea
n
an
d
m
ax
i
m
u
m
co
s
t
w
h
er
ea
s
F
ig
u
r
e
5
p
r
esen
ts
v
er
y
s
m
all
f
lu
ctu
atio
n
s
o
f
5
0
r
u
n
s
f
r
o
m
O
E
B
-
C
S
A
.
B
u
t
t
h
e
f
l
u
ctu
a
tio
n
s
f
r
o
m
P
SO
an
d
C
S
A
ar
e
m
o
r
e
s
i
g
n
i
f
ica
n
t,
esp
e
ciall
y
P
SO.
T
h
e
r
esu
lts
s
ee
th
at
OE
B
-
C
S
A
i
s
th
e
b
est in
s
ea
r
ch
i
n
g
t
h
e
b
est
s
o
lu
t
io
n
an
d
s
tab
ilize
t
h
e
s
ea
r
c
h
p
r
o
ce
s
s
.
T
h
e
o
p
ti
m
al
g
en
e
r
atio
n
o
f
th
e
t
w
o
s
y
s
te
m
s
is
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
T
ab
le
A
1
o
f
A
p
p
e
n
d
ix
.
Fig
u
r
e
4
.
Su
m
m
ar
y
o
f
r
es
u
lt
s
f
r
o
m
5
0
r
u
n
s
f
o
r
s
y
s
te
m
2
Fig
u
r
e
5
.
C
o
s
t o
f
5
0
r
u
n
s
f
o
r
s
y
s
te
m
2
5.
CO
NCLU
SI
O
N
I
n
t
h
is
p
ap
er
,
th
r
ee
m
e
th
o
d
s
s
u
c
h
a
s
P
SO,
C
S
A
a
n
d
OE
B
-
C
S
A
h
a
v
e
b
ee
n
i
m
p
le
m
e
n
te
d
f
o
r
t
w
o
co
m
b
i
n
ed
s
y
s
te
m
s
w
it
h
T
P
s
a
n
d
W
P
s
.
I
n
th
e
t
w
o
s
y
s
te
m
s
,
t
h
ir
t
y
T
P
s
h
av
e
co
n
s
id
er
ed
co
m
p
licated
co
n
s
tr
ain
t
s
s
u
c
h
as
p
r
o
h
ib
ited
w
o
r
k
i
n
g
z
o
n
e
an
d
p
o
w
er
r
eser
v
e
m
ea
n
w
h
ile
o
n
e
W
P
an
d
t
w
o
W
P
s
h
av
e
b
ee
n
j
o
in
ed
to
p
r
o
v
id
e
elec
tr
icit
y
to
lo
ad
s
in
s
y
s
te
m
1
a
n
d
s
y
s
te
m
2
,
r
esp
ec
tiv
el
y
.
E
ac
h
m
et
h
o
d
h
a
s
b
ee
n
r
u
n
f
i
f
t
y
ti
m
es
f
o
r
r
ea
ch
in
g
r
esu
l
ts
s
u
ch
as
m
i
n
i
m
u
m
,
av
er
a
g
e
an
d
m
a
x
i
m
u
m
f
u
e
l
co
s
t
f
o
r
co
m
p
ar
is
o
n
.
I
n
ad
d
itio
n
,
th
e
s
tab
ilit
y
o
f
s
ea
r
ch
o
f
t
h
e
th
r
ee
m
et
h
o
d
s
w
as
a
ls
o
i
n
v
e
s
ti
g
ated
b
y
co
l
lectin
g
s
tan
d
ar
d
d
ev
iat
io
n
o
f
f
if
t
y
r
u
n
s
.
P
SO
w
a
s
th
e
w
o
r
s
t
m
e
th
o
d
w
it
h
h
i
g
h
er
co
s
ts
th
a
n
C
S
A
an
d
OE
B
-
C
S
A
f
o
r
t
w
o
s
y
s
te
m
s
w
h
ile
OE
B
-
C
S
A
co
u
ld
r
ea
c
h
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8708
I
n
t J
E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
,
Vo
l.
11
,
No
.
3
,
J
u
n
e
2021
:
1
9
0
5
–
19
11
1910
th
e
s
a
m
e
o
r
b
etter
m
in
i
m
u
m
co
s
t
th
a
n
C
S
A
b
u
t
b
etter
s
tab
ilit
y
t
h
an
C
S
A
.
C
o
n
s
eq
u
e
n
tl
y
,
OE
B
-
C
S
A
is
s
u
g
g
e
s
ted
a
p
r
o
m
i
s
i
n
g
s
o
lu
tio
n
m
et
h
o
d
f
o
r
s
o
lv
i
n
g
p
r
o
b
lem
w
it
h
t
h
e
g
e
n
er
atio
n
i
n
te
g
r
atio
n
o
f
T
P
s
an
d
W
P
s
.
AP
P
E
NDI
X
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
T
h
e
f
lo
w
c
h
ar
t o
f
s
o
l
v
in
g
a
n
o
p
ti
m
izatio
n
p
r
o
b
lem
u
s
i
n
g
OE
B
-
C
S
A
T
ab
le
A
1
.
Op
tim
al
p
o
w
er
g
en
er
atio
n
o
b
b
tain
ed
b
y
t
h
e
OE
B
-
C
S
A
f
o
r
th
e
t
w
o
s
y
s
te
m
s
P
k
(
M
W
)
S
y
st
e
m 1
S
y
st
e
m 2
P
k
(
M
W
)
S
y
st
e
m 1
S
y
st
e
m 2
P
k
(
M
W
)
S
y
st
e
m 1
S
y
st
e
m 2
1
4
5
5
.
0
4
5
5
.
0
11
20
20
21
4
6
0
4
5
9
.
9
5
0
6
2
4
5
5
.
0
4
5
5
.
0
12
5
5
.
0
2
3
2
5
5
.
0
0
5
5
22
4
6
5
4
6
4
.
9
9
8
8
3
1
3
0
.
0
1
3
0
.
0
13
25
25
23
60
60
4
1
3
0
.
0
1
3
0
.
0
14
15
15
24
25
25
5
2
6
0
.
0
2
1
4
.
9
15
15
1
5
.
0
0
0
3
25
20
20
6
4
6
0
.
0
4
6
0
.
0
16
4
5
5
4
5
4
.
9
9
6
8
26
20
2
0
.
0
0
2
1
7
4
6
5
.
0
4
6
5
.
0
17
4
5
5
4
5
5
27
5
5
.
0
5
6
8
5
1
.
8
3
4
2
8
6
0
.
0
6
0
.
0
18
1
3
0
1
3
0
28
25
25
9
2
5
.
0
2
5
.
0
19
1
3
0
1
3
0
29
15
15
10
2
0
.
0
2
0
.
0
20
2
5
9
.
9
2
8
5
2
2
8
.
3
3
7
30
15
15
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J
E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
I
SS
N:
2088
-
8708
Min
imiz
e
elec
t
r
icity
g
en
era
tio
n
co
s
t fo
r
la
r
g
e
s
ca
le
w
in
d
-
th
erma
l sys
tem
s
…
(
P
h
a
n
N
g
u
ye
n
V
in
h
)
1911
RE
F
E
R
E
NC
E
S
[1
]
I.
N.
T
riv
e
d
i,
P
.
Ja
n
g
ir,
M
.
Bh
o
y
e
,
N.
J
a
n
g
ir,
“
A
n
e
c
o
n
o
m
ic
lo
a
d
d
isp
a
tch
a
n
d
m
u
lt
ip
le
e
n
v
iro
n
m
e
n
tal
d
isp
a
tch
p
ro
b
lem
so
lu
ti
o
n
w
it
h
m
i
c
ro
g
rid
s
u
sin
g
in
terio
r
se
a
rc
h
a
lg
o
rit
h
m
,
”
Ne
u
ra
l
Co
mp
u
t
in
g
a
n
d
Ap
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
s
,
v
o
l.
3
0
,
n
o
.
7
,
p
p
.
2
1
7
3
-
2
1
8
9
,
2
0
1
8
.
[2
]
D.
Da
s,
A
.
Bh
a
tt
a
c
h
a
r
y
a
,
R.
N.
Ra
y
,
“
Dra
g
o
n
f
l
y
A
lg
o
rit
h
m
f
o
r
so
lv
in
g
p
r
o
b
a
b
i
li
stic
Eco
n
o
m
ic
L
o
a
d
Disp
a
tch
p
ro
b
lem
s,”
Ne
u
ra
l
Co
mp
u
t
in
g
a
n
d
Ap
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
s
,
v
o
l.
3
2
,
p
p
.
3
0
2
9
-
3
0
4
5
,
2
0
2
0
.
[3
]
K.
G
n
a
wa
li
,
K.
H.
Ha
n
,
Z.
W
.
Ge
e
m
,
K.
S
.
Ju
n
,
K.
T
.
Yu
m
,
“
Ec
o
n
o
m
ic
Disp
a
tch
Op
ti
m
iza
ti
o
n
o
f
M
u
lt
i
-
W
a
ter
Re
so
u
rc
e
s: A
Ca
s
e
S
tu
d
y
o
f
a
n
Isla
n
d
i
n
S
o
u
t
h
K
o
re
a
,
”
S
u
st
a
in
a
b
i
l
it
y
,
v
o
l.
1
1
,
n
o
.
2
1
,
p
.
5
9
6
4
,
2
0
1
9
.
[4
]
C.
T
.
S
u
,
C
.
L
.
Ch
ian
g
,
“
No
n
c
o
n
v
e
x
p
o
w
e
r
e
c
o
n
o
m
ic
d
isp
a
tch
b
y
i
m
p
ro
v
e
d
g
e
n
e
ti
c
a
lg
o
rit
h
m
w
it
h
m
u
lt
ip
li
e
r
u
p
d
a
t
in
g
m
e
th
o
d
,
”
El
e
c
tric P
o
we
r Co
mp
o
n
e
n
ts
a
n
d
S
y
ste
ms
,
v
o
l.
3
2
,
n
o
.
3
,
p
p
.
2
5
7
-
2
7
3
,
2
0
0
4
.
[5
]
M
.
A
.
A
l
-
Be
tar,
M
.
A
.
Aw
a
d
a
ll
a
h
,
M
.
M
.
Krish
a
n
,
“
A
n
o
n
-
c
o
n
v
e
x
e
c
o
n
o
m
ic
lo
a
d
d
isp
a
tch
p
r
o
b
lem
w
it
h
v
a
lv
e
l
o
a
d
i
n
g
e
f
f
e
c
t
u
s
i
n
g
a
h
y
b
r
i
d
g
r
e
y
w
o
l
f
o
p
t
i
m
i
z
e
r
,
”
N
e
u
r
a
l
C
o
m
p
u
t
i
n
g
a
n
d
A
p
p
l
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
s
,
v
o
l
.
3
2
,
p
p
.
1
2127
-
1
2
1
5
4
,
2
0
2
0
.
[6
]
V
.
K.
Ka
m
b
o
j,
S
.
K.
Ba
th
,
J.
S
.
Dh
il
lo
n
,
“
S
o
lu
ti
o
n
o
f
n
o
n
-
c
o
n
v
e
x
e
c
o
n
o
m
ic
lo
a
d
d
isp
a
tch
p
ro
b
l
e
m
u
sin
g
G
re
y
W
o
lf
Op
ti
m
ize
r,
”
Ne
u
ra
l
Co
mp
u
t
in
g
a
n
d
A
p
p
l
ica
ti
o
n
s
,
v
o
l.
2
7
,
n
o
.
5
,
p
p
.
1
3
0
1
-
1
3
1
6
,
2
0
1
6
.
[7
]
Q.
X
u
,
Y.
Din
g
,
A
.
Zh
e
n
g
,
“
A
n
o
p
ti
m
a
l
d
isp
a
tch
m
o
d
e
l
o
f
w
in
d
-
in
teg
ra
ted
p
o
w
e
r
s
y
ste
m
c
o
n
sid
e
rin
g
d
e
m
a
n
d
re
sp
o
n
se
a
n
d
re
li
a
b
il
i
ty
,
”
S
u
sta
in
a
b
il
i
ty
,
v
o
l.
9
,
n
o
.
5
,
p
p
.
7
5
8
,
2
0
1
7
.
[8
]
D.
G
u
o
,
J.
Y
u
,
M
.
Ba
n
,
“
S
e
c
u
ri
ty
-
c
o
n
stra
in
e
d
u
n
i
t
c
o
m
m
it
m
e
n
t
c
o
n
sid
e
ri
n
g
d
if
f
e
re
n
ti
a
ted
re
g
io
n
a
l
a
ir
p
o
ll
u
tan
t
in
te
n
sity
,
”
S
u
sta
i
n
a
b
il
i
ty
,
v
o
l.
9
,
n
o
.
5
,
p
.
7
5
8
,
2
0
1
7
.
[9
]
K.
M
a
h
m
o
u
d
,
M
.
A
b
d
e
l
-
Na
ss
e
r,
E.
M
u
sta
f
a
,
Z.
M
A
li
,
“
Im
p
ro
v
e
d
S
a
lp
-
S
w
a
r
m
Op
ti
m
i
z
e
r
a
n
d
A
c
c
u
ra
te F
o
re
c
a
stin
g
M
o
d
e
l
f
o
r
Dy
n
a
m
ic E
c
o
n
o
m
ic Disp
a
tch
in
S
u
sta
i
n
a
b
le
P
o
w
e
r
S
y
st
e
m
s,”
S
u
sta
i
n
a
b
il
i
ty
,
v
o
l.
1
2
,
n
o
.
2
,
p
.
5
7
6
,
2
0
2
0
.
[1
0
]
V
.
K.
Ka
m
b
o
j,
A
.
Bh
a
d
o
ria,
S
.
K.
Ba
th
,
“
S
o
l
u
ti
o
n
o
f
n
o
n
-
c
o
n
v
e
x
e
c
o
n
o
m
ic
lo
a
d
d
isp
a
tch
p
r
o
b
le
m
f
o
r
s
m
a
ll
-
sc
a
le
p
o
w
e
r
s
y
ste
m
s u
sin
g
a
n
t
li
o
n
o
p
ti
m
iz
e
r,
”
Ne
u
ra
l
Co
mp
u
ti
n
g
a
n
d
A
p
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
s
,
v
o
l
.
2
8
,
n
o
.
8
,
p
p
.
2
1
8
1
-
2
1
9
2
,
2
0
1
7
.
[1
1
]
J.
Zh
o
u
,
“
S
o
lv
in
g
e
c
o
n
o
m
ic
d
isp
a
tch
p
ro
b
lem
w
it
h
p
iec
e
w
ise
q
u
a
d
ra
ti
c
c
o
st
f
u
n
c
ti
o
n
s
u
sin
g
L
a
g
ra
n
g
e
m
u
lt
ip
li
e
r
th
e
o
ry
,
”
In
Pro
c
.
3
rd
ICCT
D
,
p
p
.
2
5
-
2
7
,
2
0
1
1
.
[1
2
]
N.
Ka
u
r,
I.
S
in
g
h
,
“
Eco
n
o
m
ic
Di
sp
a
tch
S
c
h
e
d
u
li
n
g
u
sin
g
Clas
sic
a
l
a
n
d
Ne
w
to
n
Ra
p
h
so
n
M
e
t
h
o
d
,
”
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
E
n
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
a
n
d
M
a
n
a
g
e
me
n
t
Res
e
a
rc
h
(
IJ
EM
R)
,
v
o
l.
5
,
n
o
.
3
,
p
p
.
7
1
1
-
7
1
6
,
2
0
1
5
.
[1
3
]
S
.
Ra
y
,
“
Eco
n
o
m
ic
L
o
a
d
Disp
a
tch
S
o
lu
ti
o
n
u
sin
g
I
n
terv
a
l
G
ra
d
ien
t
M
e
th
o
d
,
”
Ad
v
a
n
c
e
d
Res
e
a
rc
h
i
n
El
e
c
trica
l
a
n
d
El
e
c
tro
n
ic E
n
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
,
v
o
l.
1
,
n
o
.
4
,
p
p
.
5
5
-
58
,
2
0
1
4
.
[1
4
]
P
.
T
.
Ha
,
H.
M
.
Ho
a
n
g
,
T
.
T
.
Ng
u
y
e
n
,
T
.
T
.
Ng
u
y
e
n
,
“
M
o
d
if
ied
m
o
th
sw
a
r
m
a
lg
o
rit
h
m
f
o
r
o
p
ti
m
a
l
e
c
o
n
o
m
ic
lo
a
d
d
isp
a
tc
h
p
r
o
b
lem
,
”
T
EL
KOM
NIKA
T
e
lec
o
mm
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
Co
m
p
u
t
in
g
El
e
c
tro
n
ics
a
n
d
C
o
n
tr
o
l
,
v
o
l.
1
8
,
n
o
.
4
,
p
p
.
2
1
4
0
-
2
1
4
7
,
2
0
2
0
.
[1
5
]
L
.
H.
P
h
a
m
,
T
.
T
.
N
g
u
y
e
n
,
L
.
D.
P
h
a
m
,
N.
H.
Ng
u
y
e
n
,
“
S
to
c
h
a
sti
c
f
ra
c
tal
se
a
rc
h
b
a
se
d
m
e
th
o
d
f
o
r
e
c
o
n
o
m
ic
lo
a
d
d
i
s
p
a
t
c
h
,
”
T
E
L
K
O
M
N
I
K
A
T
e
l
e
c
o
m
m
u
n
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
C
o
m
p
u
t
i
n
g
E
l
e
c
t
r
o
n
i
c
s
a
n
d
C
o
n
t
r
o
l
,
v
o
l
.
1
7
,
n
o
.
5
,
p
p
.
2
5
3
5
-
2
5
4
6
,
2019.
[1
6
]
S
.
K.
G
a
c
h
h
a
y
a
t,
S
.
K.
Da
sh
,
P
.
Ra
y
,
“
M
u
lt
i
Ob
jec
ti
v
e
Dire
c
ted
Be
e
Co
lo
n
y
Op
ti
m
iz
a
ti
o
n
f
o
r
Eco
n
o
m
ic
L
o
a
d
Disp
a
tch
W
it
h
En
h
a
n
c
e
d
P
o
w
e
r
De
m
a
n
d
a
n
d
V
a
lv
e
P
o
i
n
t
L
o
a
d
in
g
,
”
In
ter
n
a
t
io
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
El
e
c
trica
l
&
Co
mp
u
ter
E
n
g
in
e
e
rin
g
(
IJ
ECE
)
,
v
o
l.
7
,
n
o
.
5
,
p
p
.
2
3
8
2
-
2
3
9
1
,
2
0
1
7
.
[1
7
]
S
.
M
o
u
a
ss
a
a
n
d
T
.
Bo
u
k
ti
r,
“
A
rti
f
icia
l
b
e
e
c
o
lo
n
y
a
lg
o
rit
h
m
f
o
r
so
lv
in
g
e
c
o
n
o
m
ic
d
isp
a
tch
p
ro
b
lem
s
w
it
h
n
o
n
-
c
o
n
v
e
x
c
o
st f
u
n
c
ti
o
n
s,”
I
n
ter
n
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
Po
w
e
r
a
n
d
E
n
e
rg
y
Co
n
v
e
rs
io
n
,
v
o
l.
8
,
n
o
.
2
,
p
p
.
1
4
6
-
1
6
5
,
2
0
1
7
.
[1
8
]
D.
S
.
N.
M
.
Ra
o
,
N.
K
u
m
a
r,
“
Co
m
p
a
risio
n
a
l
In
v
e
stig
a
ti
o
n
o
f
L
o
a
d
Disp
a
tch
S
o
l
u
ti
o
n
s
w
it
h
T
L
BO
,
”
In
ter
n
a
t
io
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
El
e
c
trica
l
a
n
d
C
o
mp
u
t
e
r E
n
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
,
v
o
l.
7
,
n
o
.
6
,
p
p
.
3
2
4
6
-
3
2
5
3
,
2
0
1
7
.
[1
9
]
S
.
R.
S
p
e
a
,
“
S
o
lv
i
n
g
p
ra
c
ti
c
a
l
e
c
o
n
o
m
ic l
o
a
d
d
isp
a
tch
p
r
o
b
lem
u
sin
g
c
ro
w
se
a
rc
h
a
lg
o
rit
h
m
,
”
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
El
e
c
trica
l
a
n
d
C
o
mp
u
ter
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
,
v
o
l.
1
0
,
n
o
.
4
,
p
p
.
3
4
3
1
-
3
4
4
0
,
2
0
2
0
.
[2
0
]
K.
Ra
jes
h
,
N.
Visa
li
,
“
Hy
b
rid
m
e
th
o
d
f
o
r
a
c
h
iev
in
g
P
a
re
to
f
ro
n
t
o
n
e
c
o
n
o
m
ic
e
m
issio
n
d
is
p
a
tch
,
”
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
El
e
c
trica
l
a
n
d
C
o
mp
u
t
e
r E
n
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
(
IJ
ECE
)
,
v
o
l.
1
0
,
n
o
.
4
,
p
p
.
3
3
5
8
-
3
3
6
6
,
2
0
2
0
.
[2
1
]
J.
He
tze
r,
C.
Y.
Da
v
id
,
K.
Bh
a
tt
a
ra
i,
“
A
n
e
c
o
n
o
m
ic
d
isp
a
tch
m
o
d
e
l
in
c
o
rp
o
ra
ti
n
g
w
in
d
p
o
w
e
r,
”
IEE
E
T
ra
n
sa
c
ti
o
n
s
o
n
e
n
e
r
g
y
c
o
n
v
e
rs
io
n
,
v
o
l.
2
3
,
n
o
.
2
,
p
p
.
6
0
3
-
6
1
1
,
2
0
0
8
.
[2
2
]
J.
T
.
Jo
se
,
“
Eco
n
o
m
ic l
o
a
d
d
isp
a
t
c
h
in
c
lu
d
in
g
w
in
d
p
o
w
e
r
u
sin
g
Ba
t
A
lg
o
rit
h
m
,
”
2
0
1
4
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
Co
n
fer
e
n
c
e
o
n
Ad
v
a
n
c
e
s i
n
El
e
c
trica
l
E
n
g
in
e
e
ri
n
g
(
ICAE
E)
,
V
e
ll
o
re
,
2
0
1
4
,
p
p
.
1
-
4.
[2
3
]
W
.
R.
A
b
d
u
l
-
A
d
h
e
e
m
,
“
A
n
e
n
h
a
n
c
e
d
p
a
rti
c
le
sw
a
r
m
o
p
ti
m
iza
ti
o
n
a
lg
o
rit
h
m
,
”
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
El
e
c
trica
l
a
n
d
Co
m
p
u
ter
E
n
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
(
IJ
ECE
)
,
v
o
l.
9
,
n
o
.
6
,
p
p
.
4
9
0
4
-
4
9
0
7
,
2
0
1
9
.
[2
4
]
P
.
S
u
ty
a
sa
d
i,
M
.
B.
W
ica
k
so
n
o
,
“
Jo
in
t
c
o
n
tr
o
l
o
f
a
ro
b
o
ti
c
a
rm
u
sin
g
p
a
rti
c
le
s
w
a
r
m
o
p
ti
m
iza
ti
o
n
b
a
se
d
H
2
/H∞
ro
b
u
st
c
o
n
tr
o
l
o
n
a
rd
u
i
n
o
,
”
T
EL
K
OM
NIKA
T
e
lec
o
mm
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
C
o
mp
u
ti
n
g
E
lec
tro
n
ics
a
n
d
C
o
n
tr
o
l
,
v
o
l.
1
8
,
n
o
.
2,
p
p
.
1
0
2
1
-
1
0
2
9
,
2
0
2
0
.
[2
5
]
K.
P
a
u
l,
N.
K
u
m
a
r,
“
Cu
c
k
o
o
S
e
a
rc
h
A
lg
o
rit
h
m
f
o
r
Co
n
g
e
stio
n
A
ll
e
v
iatio
n
w
it
h
In
c
o
rp
o
ra
ti
o
n
o
f
W
in
d
F
a
rm
,
”
In
ter
n
a
t
io
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
E
lec
trica
l
a
n
d
C
o
mp
u
ter
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
(
IJ
ECE
)
,
v
o
l.
8
,
n
o
.
6
,
p
p
.
4
8
7
1
-
4
8
7
9
,
2
0
1
8
.
[2
6
]
R.
Ha
b
a
c
h
i,
A
.
Bo
u
lal,
A
.
T
o
u
il
,
Ch
a
rk
a
o
u
i,
A
.
Ech
c
h
a
tb
i,
“
Eco
n
o
m
ic
a
n
d
e
m
is
sio
n
d
isp
a
tch
u
sin
g
c
u
c
k
o
o
se
a
rc
h
a
l
g
o
r
i
t
h
m
,
”
I
n
t
e
r
n
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
r
n
a
l
o
f
E
l
e
c
t
r
i
c
a
l
a
n
d
C
o
m
p
u
t
e
r
E
n
g
i
n
e
e
r
i
n
g
(
I
J
E
C
E
)
,
v
o
l
.
9
,
n
o
.
5
,
p
p
.
3
3
8
4
-
3390
,
2
0
1
9
.
[2
7
]
V
.
N.
Ra
jp
u
t
,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
A
No
v
e
l
P
r
o
tec
ti
o
n
S
c
h
e
m
e
f
o
r
S
o
lar
P
h
o
to
v
o
lt
a
ic
G
e
n
e
ra
to
r
Co
n
n
e
c
ted
Ne
tw
o
rk
s
Us
in
g
H
y
b
rid
Ha
rm
o
n
y
S
e
a
rc
h
A
l
g
o
rit
h
m
-
Bo
ll
in
g
e
r
Ba
n
d
s A
p
p
ro
a
c
h
,
”
E
n
e
rg
ies
,
v
o
l.
1
3
,
n
o
.
1
0
,
p
.
2
4
3
9
,
2
0
2
0
.
[2
8
]
L
.
X
iao
,
M
.
Dri
d
i,
A
.
Ha
jj
a
m
El
Ha
ss
a
n
i,
H.
F
e
i,
W
.
L
in
,
“
A
n
i
m
p
ro
v
e
d
c
u
c
k
o
o
se
a
rc
h
f
o
r
a
p
a
ti
e
n
t
t
r
a
n
s
p
o
r
t
a
t
i
o
n
p
r
o
b
l
e
m
w
i
t
h
c
o
n
s
i
d
e
r
a
t
i
o
n
o
f
r
e
d
u
c
i
n
g
t
r
a
n
s
p
o
r
t
e
m
i
s
s
i
o
n
s
,
”
S
u
s
t
a
i
n
a
b
i
l
i
t
y
,
v
o
l
.
1
0
,
n
o
.
3
,
p
.
79
3
,
2
0
1
8
.
[2
9
]
D.
Niu
,
W
.
Zh
a
o
,
S
.
L
i,
R.
Ch
e
n
,
“
Co
st
F
o
re
c
a
stin
g
o
f
S
u
b
sta
ti
o
n
P
ro
jec
ts
Ba
se
d
o
n
Cu
c
k
o
o
S
e
a
rc
h
A
l
g
o
rit
h
m
a
n
d
S
u
p
p
o
rt
V
e
c
to
r
M
a
c
h
i
n
e
s,”
S
u
st
a
in
a
b
il
it
y
,
v
o
l.
1
0
,
n
o
.
1
,
p
.
1
1
8
,
2
0
1
8
.
[3
0
]
H.
Zh
a
n
g
,
D.
Yu
e
,
X
.
X
ie,
C.
D
o
u
,
F
.
S
u
n
,
“
G
r
a
d
ien
t
d
e
c
e
n
t
b
a
se
d
m
u
lt
i
-
o
b
jec
ti
v
e
c
u
lt
u
ra
l
d
iff
e
r
e
n
ti
a
l
e
v
o
lu
ti
o
n
f
o
r
sh
o
rt
-
term
h
y
d
ro
th
e
rm
a
l
o
p
ti
m
a
l
sc
h
e
d
u
li
n
g
o
f
e
c
o
n
o
m
ic
e
m
issio
n
w
it
h
in
teg
ra
ti
n
g
w
i
n
d
p
o
w
e
r
a
n
d
p
h
o
to
v
o
lt
a
ic
p
o
w
e
r,
”
En
e
rg
y
,
v
o
l.
1
2
2
,
p
p
.
7
4
8
-
7
6
6
,
2
0
1
7
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.