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chara
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Milli
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In
stit
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C
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h
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l
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n
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az
ih
.
m
alla
t@
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u
.
ac
.
a
e
1.
I
NT
RO
D
UCT
I
O
N
No
w
ad
a
y
s
m
illi
m
eter
w
a
v
e
co
m
p
o
n
en
ts
ar
e
r
eq
u
e
s
ted
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f
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s
u
c
h
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m
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Gb
/s
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s
s
lin
k
s
,
r
ad
ar
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im
a
g
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g
s
e
n
s
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r
s
.
Six
-
p
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ts
h
av
e
b
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f
o
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d
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a
d
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m
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k
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m
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ap
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licatio
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s
;
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e
y
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i
m
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r
tan
t r
o
l
e
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illi
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eter
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a
v
e
tr
a
n
s
ce
i
v
er
i
m
p
le
m
e
n
tat
io
n
[
1
-
1
4
]
.
T
h
er
e
is
an
i
n
cr
ea
s
e
i
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th
e
u
s
e
o
f
m
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s
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ip
a
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te
n
n
a
b
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s
e
o
f
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ts
li
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t
w
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h
t,
lo
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f
ab
r
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n
co
s
t
s
,
t
h
e
ca
p
ab
ilit
y
o
f
s
u
p
p
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tin
g
m
u
ltip
le
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
b
an
d
s
,
a
n
d
in
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atio
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w
it
h
m
u
ltip
le
i
n
p
u
t m
u
ltip
le
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u
tp
u
t
(
MI
MO
)
[
6
]
.
T
h
e
d
is
ad
v
an
ta
g
e
s
ass
o
ciate
d
w
ith
t
h
is
ap
p
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ac
h
in
clu
d
e;
d
ielec
tr
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lo
s
s
e
s
,
s
u
r
f
a
ce
w
a
v
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lo
s
s
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d
ec
r
ea
s
ed
g
ai
n
,
n
ar
r
o
w
b
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d
w
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u
e
to
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n
d
u
cto
r
lo
s
s
es,
an
d
la
r
g
e
P
C
B
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
[
7
]
.
T
h
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
o
f
an
y
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teg
r
ated
cir
cu
it
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am
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l
l
y
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m
p
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if
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ch
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
t
i
s
ca
r
ef
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ll
y
d
esig
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ed
.
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t
is
p
ar
ticu
lar
l
y
tr
u
e
f
o
r
m
illi
m
eter
w
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e
s
,
w
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it
d
i
m
e
n
s
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ar
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co
m
p
ar
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g
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w
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g
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h
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t h
as
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n
d
e
m
o
n
s
tr
ated
t
h
at
m
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s
tr
ip
tech
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lo
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n
b
e
s
u
cc
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s
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ll
y
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s
ed
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r
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e
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cie
s
b
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t
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ap
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r
o
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iate
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b
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at
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m
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m
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ts
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d
esp
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cla
i
m
s
o
f
s
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m
e
e
x
p
er
ts
[
1
1
,
1
3
]
.
T
h
e
s
ix
-
p
o
r
t
in
ter
f
er
o
m
eter
w
as
d
e
s
ig
n
ed
at
a
ce
n
tr
al
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
o
f
8
6
G
Hz
to
co
v
er
a
1
0
GHz
b
an
d
,
f
r
o
m
8
0
to
9
0
GHz
,
d
u
e
to
th
e
o
n
-
w
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S
-
p
ar
a
m
e
ter
m
ea
s
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r
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m
e
n
t
ca
p
ab
ilit
ies
o
f
lab
o
r
ato
r
y
(
6
0
-
9
0
GHz
)
.
T
h
i
s
is
th
e
f
ir
s
t
Mi
n
iat
u
r
ized
H
y
b
r
id
Mic
r
o
w
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I
n
teg
r
ated
C
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cu
it (
MH
MI
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)
s
ix
-
p
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r
t th
at
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p
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ates a
t
m
o
r
e
th
an
8
0
GHz
.
T
h
e
in
ter
f
er
o
m
et
er
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
s
ar
e
an
al
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d
u
s
in
g
h
ar
m
o
n
ic
b
al
an
ce
,
q
i
p
o
in
ts
,
q
u
ad
r
atu
r
e
d
e
m
o
d
u
latio
n
f
o
r
c
o
n
s
tella
tio
n
s
u
p
to
3
2
s
y
m
b
o
ls
,
an
d
E
VM
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
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0
8
8
-
8708
I
n
t J
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&
C
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Vo
l.
9
,
No
.
4
,
A
u
g
u
s
t 2
0
1
9
:
2
7
0
3
-
2714
2704
2.
RE
S
E
ARCH
M
E
T
H
O
D
T
h
e
th
in
n
es
t
ce
r
a
m
ic
s
u
b
s
tr
ate
o
n
th
e
m
ar
k
et
(
1
2
7
µm
)
h
as
b
ee
n
ch
o
s
e
n
f
o
r
th
i
s
s
t
u
d
y
th
at
e
n
s
u
r
es
t
h
e
s
u
cc
e
s
s
f
u
l
w
ir
e
-
b
o
n
d
in
g
o
f
o
th
er
in
te
g
r
ated
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
t
s
,
s
u
c
h
a
s
lo
w
n
o
is
e
a
m
p
lifi
er
s
in
a
f
r
o
n
t
-
e
n
d
d
esig
n
[
1
3
]
,
an
d
to
h
av
e
th
e
n
ar
r
o
w
es
t
p
o
s
s
ib
le
m
icr
o
s
tr
ip
lin
es.
T
h
ese
lin
es
ar
e
r
eq
u
ir
ed
to
d
esig
n
clo
s
ed
s
h
ap
es f
o
r
co
u
p
ler
s
at
t
h
is
s
h
o
r
t
g
u
id
ed
w
a
v
elen
g
t
h
(
1
.
3
4
m
m
at
8
6
GHz
)
.
C
o
n
s
id
er
in
g
its
r
elativ
e
p
er
m
it
tiv
it
y
o
f
9
.
9
an
d
ac
co
r
d
in
g
to
th
e
m
i
n
i
m
u
m
w
id
th
o
f
a
p
r
in
ted
lin
e
in
-
h
o
u
s
e
MH
MI
C
p
r
o
ce
s
s
(
5
0
µ
m
)
,
th
e
m
a
x
i
m
u
m
ch
ar
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ter
is
tic
i
m
p
ed
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ce
o
f
t
h
e
m
icr
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s
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ip
li
n
e
Z
0
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4
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n
b
e
ac
h
iev
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h
er
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o
r
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Z
0
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alu
e
s
o
f
3
5
.
3
6
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(
w
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4
8
µ
m
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,
5
0
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(
w
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2
7
µm
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,
an
d
u
p
to
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0
.
7
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(
w
=
5
1
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m
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ca
n
b
e
u
s
ed
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o
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tain
s
u
f
f
i
cien
t
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0
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ar
iatio
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to
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n
th
e
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ir
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u
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ler
s
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h
e
h
ig
h
e
s
t
p
o
s
s
ib
le
Z
0
m
u
s
t
b
e
u
s
ed
to
in
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ea
s
e
th
e
q
u
ar
ter
w
a
v
el
en
g
t
h
o
v
er
th
e
li
n
e
w
id
t
h
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m
u
c
h
as
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o
s
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le.
I
n
th
e
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est
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s
e,
th
is
r
atio
d
o
es
n
o
t
ex
ce
ed
6
.
T
h
e
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o
r
s
t
-
ca
s
e
r
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is
o
n
l
y
1
.
3
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at
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0
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5
.
3
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.
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h
is
is
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g
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ea
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ch
allen
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th
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m
e
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o
m
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al
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m
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ed
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o
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its
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n
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o
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th
e
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o
v
e,
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0
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d
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0
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esig
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s
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er
e
u
s
ed
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icr
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o
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g
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r
S
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eter
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ea
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r
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e
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t
s
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t
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r
t
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r
k
An
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e
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y
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etr
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icate
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t
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ce
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m
ic
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ie
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ize
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4
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.
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p
h
o
to
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r
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h
o
f
t
h
e
co
m
p
lete
M
HM
I
C
d
ie
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r
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ted
in
Fi
g
u
r
e
1
.
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r
ex
am
p
le,
f
u
ll
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p
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eter
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ea
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r
e
m
en
t
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o
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th
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o
r
ts
r
eq
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i
r
e
t
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o
t
wo
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p
o
r
t
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r
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ted
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r
ee
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er
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t
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e
n
ee
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o
r
f
o
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r
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p
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r
ts
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d
f
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th
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r
o
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ix
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p
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r
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e
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r
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m
e
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ts
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eq
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ir
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v
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n
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if
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t
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i
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u
e
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etr
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ce
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s
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r
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e
n
t
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’
r
ep
ea
tab
ilit
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[
1
5
]
.
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
P
h
o
to
g
r
ap
h
o
f
MH
MI
C
cir
cu
it
s
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n
th
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ce
r
a
m
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i
e
p
r
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ar
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d
f
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r
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ll
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po
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t S
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p
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r
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m
e
n
t
s
(
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ize
2
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4
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2
.
5
4
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Fig
u
r
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2
s
h
o
w
s
t
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e
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h
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to
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r
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h
o
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t
h
as
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d
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ar
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r
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m
d
i
f
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e
n
t
m
a
n
u
f
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t
u
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s
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est
co
m
p
l
y
w
it
h
th
e
tec
h
n
ical
r
eq
u
ir
e
m
en
ts
.
T
h
e
s
et
-
u
p
is
m
a
in
l
y
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m
p
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eter
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v
e
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d
a
h
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g
h
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al
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e
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h
e
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A
in
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d
es
t
h
e
E
8
3
6
2
P
NA
Net
w
o
r
k
An
al
y
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r
an
d
th
e
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2
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0
A
Milli
m
eter
W
av
e
Hea
d
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ller
f
r
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m
Key
s
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g
h
t
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h
n
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w
o
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m
illi
m
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a
v
e
ex
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n
d
er
s
,
f
r
o
m
O
M
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s
ed
f
o
r
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R
1
2
w
a
v
e
g
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id
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o
p
e
r
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n
.
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h
e
h
u
g
e
atten
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at
io
n
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n
m
illi
m
eter
w
a
v
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ca
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les
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s
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r
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g
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d
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a
m
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s
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r
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m
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T
h
e
p
r
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e
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tatio
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m
o
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d
C
ascad
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Mic
r
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n
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u
m
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.
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w
o
b
en
t
W
R
1
2
w
av
e
g
u
id
es
ar
e
co
n
n
e
cted
to
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illi
m
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w
a
v
e
ex
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n
d
er
s
.
C
ascad
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Mic
r
o
tech
Gr
o
u
n
d
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g
n
al
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Gr
o
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n
d
(
GSG)
w
a
v
e
g
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p
r
o
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es
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a
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itch
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f
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ar
e
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s
e
d
f
o
r
m
ea
s
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r
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m
en
t
s
.
A
d
etail
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e
p
r
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e
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et
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p
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in
cl
u
d
in
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a
p
h
o
to
o
f
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M
I
C
cir
cu
it
u
n
d
er
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,
i
s
p
r
esen
ted
in
Fi
g
u
r
e
3
.
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cu
s
Mic
r
o
w
a
v
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c
f
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t
h
e
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m
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e
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t
s
o
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r
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h
e
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g
h
e
s
t
p
r
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io
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o
n
t
h
e
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x
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w
h
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s
u
b
-
0
.
1
µm
r
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t
io
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is
r
eq
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ir
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T
h
e
s
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as sh
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u
r
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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8
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I
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u
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5
.
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6
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.
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ase
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u
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t.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J
E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
I
SS
N:
2
0
8
8
-
8708
S
ix
-
p
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terf
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l
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)
2707
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
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8
8
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J
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lec
&
C
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m
p
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n
g
I
SS
N:
2
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esig
n
a
n
d
ch
a
r
a
cteriz
a
tio
n
(
E
milia
Mo
l
d
o
va
n
)
2709
3
.
4
.
H
a
r
m
o
nic b
a
la
nce
A
h
ar
m
o
n
ic
b
alan
ce
an
al
y
s
i
s
is
p
er
f
o
r
m
ed
as
an
i
n
itial
d
esig
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alid
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n
o
f
th
e
i
n
ter
f
er
o
m
etr
i
c
ca
p
ab
ilit
ies
o
f
th
e
s
i
x
-
p
o
r
t
cir
cu
it
[
7
]
.
T
h
e
b
l
o
ck
d
iag
r
a
m
o
f
h
ar
m
o
n
ic
b
alan
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s
i
m
u
lat
io
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is
p
r
esen
ted
in
ig
u
r
e
2
3
.
T
h
e
m
i
lli
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eter
w
a
v
e
s
ig
n
al
g
e
n
er
ated
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y
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l
o
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L
O
is
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o
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al
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ar
ts
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e
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er
en
ce
s
ig
n
al,
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n
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ted
a
t
p
o
r
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d
th
e
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ase
s
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ted
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ted
at
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o
r
t
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.
I
d
ea
l
p
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etec
to
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s
ar
e
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n
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ted
to
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t
o
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ts
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ig
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li
g
h
t
o
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y
t
h
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ix
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r
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er
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o
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a
n
ce
s
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n
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ac
tice,
m
atc
h
ed
Sch
o
tt
k
y
d
etec
to
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s
ar
e
u
s
ed
[
8
,
1
3
]
.
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h
e
o
u
tp
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t
d
etec
ted
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g
es
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ar
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o
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g
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i
m
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ed
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ce
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ad
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ar
e
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o
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m
e
n
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ed
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Fig
u
r
e
2
3
.
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h
e
h
ar
m
o
n
ic
b
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ce
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i
m
u
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ase
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er
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t
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s
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s
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th
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o
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ati
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T
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e
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n
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t K
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elate
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etec
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er
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n
ce
s
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is
th
e
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g
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t
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ts
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e
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o
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ite
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h
e
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h
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e
n
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d
o
d
d
in
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e
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ad
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atu
r
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n
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l c
ir
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it,
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ad
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r
e
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n
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e
o
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tain
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s
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g
a
d
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tial
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th
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a
m
e
ti
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ci
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t
h
e
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o
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f
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et
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o
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V
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ased
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Fig
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p
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m
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ase
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l
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e
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o
r
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s
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v
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r
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n
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ax
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als
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u
r
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4
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t
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e
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er
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t v
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lta
g
e
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r
e
2
5
.
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u
d
e
o
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ted
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t v
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g
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s
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u
r
e
2
6
.
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g
n
it
u
d
e
o
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th
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w
er
d
etec
ted
o
u
tp
u
t v
o
lta
g
e
s
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9
0
GHz
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t
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its
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as
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Fig
u
r
e
1,
p
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ase
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r
s
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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I
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-
2714
2710
Th
e
m
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m
e
ter
w
a
v
e
o
u
tp
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t
s
ig
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o
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is
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te
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v
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s
[
1
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1
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n
th
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J
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&
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m
p
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g
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N:
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r
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2
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r
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Fig
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1
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Fig
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1
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QA
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Fig
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3
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QA
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la
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3
3
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1
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u
al
-
r
in
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d
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latio
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r
es
u
lt
s
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8708
I
n
t J
E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
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g
,
Vo
l.
9
,
No
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4
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A
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g
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s
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0
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9
:
2
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0
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-
2714
2712
As
s
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n
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th
e
d
e
m
o
d
u
latio
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e
r
r
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r
s
ar
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r
ely
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n
t
h
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latio
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d
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b
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n
th
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QA
M
m
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latio
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ch
e
m
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s
,
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1
6
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n
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es
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tiv
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y
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W
ith
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f
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et
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tical
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n
g
t
h
e
r
ec
o
v
er
ed
w
av
e
f
o
r
m
at
th
e
d
em
o
d
u
lato
r
o
u
tp
u
t
i
s
co
m
p
a
r
ed
ag
ain
s
t
th
e
id
ea
l
s
y
m
b
o
l
l
o
ca
tio
n
s
.
T
h
e
r
o
o
t
-
m
ea
n
-
s
q
u
a
r
e
E
VM
an
d
p
h
ase
er
r
o
r
a
r
e
th
en
u
s
ed
to
d
eter
m
i
n
e
th
e
E
VM
m
ea
s
u
r
e
m
en
t o
v
e
r
N
d
em
o
d
u
lated
s
y
m
b
o
l
s
.
I
n
o
th
er
w
o
r
d
s
,
t
h
e
o
u
tp
u
t
d
em
o
d
u
lated
co
n
s
tel
latio
n
i
s
co
m
p
ar
ed
p
o
in
t
b
y
p
o
in
t
t
o
th
e
id
ea
l
co
n
s
tellat
io
n
o
f
t
h
e
co
n
s
id
er
ed
m
o
d
u
latio
n
s
c
h
e
m
e
a
t
th
e
i
n
p
u
t
o
f
t
h
e
m
o
d
u
lato
r
,
w
ith
a
r
ea
l
co
n
s
ta
n
t
k
u
s
ed
to
n
o
r
m
alize
t
h
eir
s
izes.
As
s
h
o
w
n
in
Fig
u
r
e
3
4
,
k
ΓI
N,
i
an
d
ΓOUT
,
i
r
e
p
r
esen
t
th
e
id
ea
l
n
o
r
m
alize
d
an
d
t
h
e
m
ea
s
u
r
ed
s
y
m
b
o
l
lo
ca
tio
n
,
r
es
p
ec
tiv
el
y
.
T
h
e
r
esu
lti
n
g
er
r
o
r
v
ec
to
r
is
eq
u
al
to
th
e
d
if
f
er
en
ce
b
et
w
ee
n
th
e
ac
t
u
al
,
as
m
ea
s
u
r
ed
,
an
d
th
e
id
ea
l n
o
r
m
alize
d
s
y
m
b
o
l v
ec
to
r
s
.
I
f
all
s
y
m
b
o
ls
ar
e
p
lace
d
o
n
a
s
in
g
le
cir
cle
(
e.
g
.
B
P
SK,
QP
SK,
8
P
SK,
an
d
1
6
P
SK)
th
e
E
VM
ca
n
b
e
m
ath
e
m
at
icall
y
ex
p
r
ess
ed
as:
=
√
1
∑
|
,
−
,
|
2
=
1
|
,
|
(
1
0
)
I
n
th
is
eq
u
a
tio
n
,
ΓI
N,
i
i
s
t
h
e
it
h
id
ea
l
r
ef
er
e
n
ce
co
n
s
tellatio
n
p
o
in
t
at
t
h
e
m
o
d
u
lato
r
in
p
u
t,
ΓOUT
,
i
is
th
e
d
e
m
o
d
u
lated
s
y
m
b
o
l,
an
d
N
is
th
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
u
n
iq
u
e
s
y
m
b
o
ls
i
n
th
e
co
n
s
tellatio
n
.
I
t
ca
n
b
e
o
b
s
er
v
ed
th
at
|
Г_
(
I
N,
i)
|
=
|
Г_
(
I
N,
m
ax
)
|
,
b
e
ca
u
s
e
all
s
y
m
b
o
ls
ar
e
lo
c
ated
o
n
a
s
i
n
g
le
cir
cle.
I
n
o
r
d
er
to
u
s
e
a
s
i
m
ilar
eq
u
atio
n
f
o
r
o
th
er
m
o
d
u
latio
n
s
ch
e
m
es,
t
h
e
E
VM
eq
u
atio
n
m
u
s
t
b
e
r
e
w
r
i
tten
f
o
r
ea
ch
p
ar
ticu
lar
ca
s
e.
As
ca
n
b
e
s
ee
n
in
s
ec
t
io
n
C
,
t
h
e
s
y
m
b
o
ls
ca
n
b
e
co
n
s
id
er
ed
as
p
la
ce
d
o
n
co
n
ce
n
tr
ic
cir
cles
(
t
w
o
f
o
r
d
u
al
-
r
in
g
,
t
h
r
ee
f
o
r
1
6
QA
M,
an
d
f
i
v
e
f
o
r
3
2
QA
M)
a
n
d
th
eir
r
ad
iu
s
e
s
ca
n
b
e
ea
s
il
y
ex
p
r
es
s
ed
in
ter
m
s
o
f
o
n
e
an
o
t
h
er
.
A
ll
th
e
s
y
m
b
o
ls
o
n
th
e
in
n
er
ci
r
cles
ar
e
p
r
o
j
ec
ted
to
th
e
ex
ter
io
r
cir
cle
u
s
i
n
g
t
h
e
r
ad
iu
s
r
atio
f
ac
to
r
,
in
o
r
d
er
t
o
ev
alu
ate
all
p
o
s
itio
n
in
g
er
r
o
r
s
in
th
e
s
a
m
e
m
an
n
er
.
O
th
er
w
is
e,
t
h
e
er
r
o
r
s
o
f
s
y
m
b
o
ls
clo
s
e
to
th
e
o
r
ig
in
ar
e
less
i
m
p
o
r
ta
n
t
i
n
E
VM
ca
lcu
latio
n
if
ГI
N,
m
a
x
is
co
n
s
i
d
er
ed
in
th
e
d
en
o
m
in
ato
r
o
f
(
1
0
)
,
as
is
o
f
ten
t
h
e
ca
s
e.
Fo
r
ex
a
m
p
le,
i
n
th
e
ca
s
e
o
f
th
e
d
u
al
-
r
i
n
g
co
n
s
tel
latio
n
,
th
e
s
i
x
tee
n
s
y
m
b
o
ls
ar
e
p
lace
d
o
n
t
w
o
co
n
ce
n
tr
i
c
cir
cles,
w
it
h
a
r
atio
o
f
R
2
/
R
1
=
2
b
et
w
ee
n
r
ad
i
u
s
e
s
.
I
f
t
h
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
s
y
m
b
o
ls
N
=
1
6
,
th
e
f
ir
s
t
8
s
y
m
b
o
ls
o
n
th
e
in
n
er
cir
cle
(
r
ad
iu
s
R
1
)
an
d
th
e
o
th
er
8
o
n
th
e
o
u
ter
cir
cl
e
(
r
ad
iu
s
R
2
)
,
th
e
c
o
n
s
tan
t
k
ca
n
b
e
ca
lcu
lated
as
f
o
llo
w
s
:
=
1
16
(
2
1
∑
|
,
|
+
∑
|
,
|
16
=
9
8
=
1
)
|
Г
,
|
(
1
1
)
C
o
n
s
eq
u
en
tl
y
,
i
f
(
9
)
is
th
e
E
V
M
eq
u
atio
n
f
o
r
t
h
ese
1
6
s
y
m
b
o
ls
,
th
e
d
u
al
-
r
in
g
co
n
s
tellatio
n
b
ec
o
m
es
:
=
√
1
16
(
∑
|
2
1
(
,
−
,
)
|
2
+
8
=
1
∑
|
,
−
,
|
2
16
=
9
)
|
,
|
(
1
2
)
A
s
i
m
ilar
j
u
d
g
m
e
n
t
ca
n
b
e
ap
p
lied
in
th
e
ca
s
e
o
f
o
t
h
er
m
o
d
u
lat
io
n
s
ch
e
m
es,
co
n
s
i
d
er
in
g
t
h
e
co
n
s
tellat
io
n
’
s
co
n
f
i
g
u
r
atio
n
[
2
1
]
.
T
h
e
s
y
m
b
o
ls
ar
e
g
r
o
u
p
ed
in
cl
u
s
ter
s
(
p
o
s
itio
n
ed
o
n
th
e
s
a
m
e
cir
cle)
an
d
t
h
e
n
o
r
m
aliza
t
io
n
co
n
s
ta
n
t
k
is
ca
lcu
lated
,
u
s
i
n
g
all
s
y
m
b
o
ls
.
T
h
e
in
n
er
s
y
m
b
o
ls
ar
e
p
r
o
j
ec
te
d
to
th
e
o
u
ter
cir
cle
w
it
h
r
esp
ec
t
to
ea
ch
r
ad
iu
s
r
atio
,
as
in
(
1
1
)
.
T
h
e
r
esu
lts
f
o
r
f
iv
e
d
if
f
er
en
t
m
o
d
u
lat
io
n
s
c
h
e
m
es
as
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
Fig
u
r
e
s
2
9
to
3
3
ar
e
p
lo
tted
in
Fig
u
r
e
3
5
.
E
VM
w
as
e
v
al
u
at
ed
f
o
r
2
1
f
r
eq
u
en
cie
s
o
v
er
t
h
e
1
0
GHz
b
an
d
,
at
1
Gb
/s
d
ata
-
r
ate,
an
d
1
0
s
a
m
p
le
s
/s
y
m
b
o
ls
.
As
ex
p
ec
ted
,
b
etter
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
s
w
er
e
o
b
tain
ed
ar
o
u
n
d
th
e
ce
n
tr
al
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
,
w
it
h
an
E
VM
v
alu
e
o
f
ar
o
u
n
d
2
%.
I
n
th
e
8
1
–
8
6
GHz
b
an
d
(
allo
ca
ted
b
y
FC
C
f
o
r
p
o
in
t
-
to
-
p
o
in
t
w
ir
ele
s
s
li
n
k
s
)
th
e
E
VM
i
s
les
s
th
a
n
7
.
5
% f
o
r
all
m
o
d
u
latio
n
s
.
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