I
nte
rna
t
io
na
l J
o
urna
l o
f
E
lect
rica
l a
nd
Co
m
p
ute
r
E
ng
in
ee
ring
(
I
J
E
CE
)
Vo
l.
8
,
No
.
5
,
Octo
b
e
r
2
0
1
8
,
p
p
.
3
8
7
5
~
3
8
8
1
I
SS
N:
2088
-
8708
,
DOI
: 1
0
.
1
1
5
9
1
/
i
j
ec
e
.
v
8
i
5
.
p
p
3
8
7
5
-
3881
3875
J
o
ur
na
l ho
m
ep
a
g
e
:
h
ttp
:
//ia
e
s
co
r
e
.
co
m/
jo
u
r
n
a
ls
/in
d
ex
.
p
h
p
/
I
JE
C
E
M
ushro
o
m
-
L
i
k
e
EB
G
to
I
m
p
ro
v
e
Patch
Anten
na
Pe
rfor
m
a
n
ce
for C
-
Ba
nd
Satell
ite
Ap
plica
tion
M
.
K
.
Abdu
lha
m
ee
d
1
,
M.
S.
M
o
ha
m
a
d Is
a
2
,
Z
.
Z
a
k
a
r
ia
3
,
M
o
wa
f
a
k
K.
M
o
hs
in
4
,
M
o
t
h
a
na
L
.
At
t
ia
h
5
1,
2,
3,
4
,
5
Ce
n
tre f
o
r
T
e
lec
o
m
m
u
n
ica
t
io
n
Re
se
a
rc
h
a
n
d
In
n
o
v
a
ti
o
n
(Ce
T
RI),
F
a
c
u
lt
y
o
f
El
e
c
tro
n
ic an
d
C
o
m
p
u
ter E
n
g
in
e
e
rin
g
,
Un
iv
e
rsiti
T
e
k
n
ik
a
l
M
a
la
y
sia
M
e
l
a
k
a
(U
T
e
M
)
,
Ha
n
g
T
u
a
h
Ja
y
a
,
7
6
1
0
0
,
D
u
r
ian
T
u
n
g
g
a
l,
M
e
lak
a
,
M
a
la
y
sia
1,
4
M
in
istry
o
f
Hig
h
e
r
Ed
u
c
a
ti
o
n
a
n
d
S
c
ien
ti
f
ic Re
se
a
rc
h
,
Ira
q
Art
icle
I
nfo
AB
ST
RAC
T
A
r
ticle
his
to
r
y:
R
ec
eiv
ed
J
u
n
9
,
2
0
1
8
R
ev
i
s
ed
A
u
g
1
2
,
2
0
1
8
A
cc
ep
ted
A
u
g
2
0
,
2
0
1
8
In
o
r
d
e
r
to
s
u
p
p
re
ss
th
e
su
rf
a
c
e
w
a
v
e
s
e
x
c
it
a
ti
o
n
th
a
t
a
re
c
a
u
se
d
b
y
th
ick
su
b
stra
te
in
a
p
a
tch
a
n
ten
n
a
,
a
m
u
sh
ro
o
m
-
li
k
e
EB
G
(El
e
c
tro
m
a
g
n
e
ti
c
Ba
n
d
G
a
p
)
stru
c
tu
re
is
u
se
d
.
S
u
c
h
str
u
c
tu
re
s
e
n
h
a
n
c
e
it
s
c
h
a
ra
c
teristi
c
s
o
f
g
a
in
,
d
irec
ti
v
it
y
,
b
a
n
d
w
id
th
a
n
d
e
f
f
ici
e
n
c
y
.
F
irstl
y
,
w
e
d
e
ter
m
in
e
d
f
re
q
u
e
n
c
y
b
a
n
d
g
a
p
c
h
a
ra
c
teristics
o
f
m
u
sh
ro
o
m
li
k
e
EB
G
u
n
it
c
e
ll
v
a
lu
e
b
y
u
sin
g
CS
T
so
f
t
w
a
re
w
it
h
3
m
m
(0
.
0
6
λ
o
)
f
o
r
c
o
v
e
rin
g
6
G
Hz
.
T
h
e
p
e
rio
d
ic
a
rra
n
g
e
m
e
n
t
o
f
su
c
h
m
u
sh
ro
o
m
-
li
k
e
EB
G
stru
c
tu
re
s
wa
s
n
o
t
li
m
it
e
d
b
y
a
n
y
in
terc
o
n
n
e
c
ti
n
g
m
icro
strip
li
n
e
s
.
F
o
u
r
c
o
lu
m
n
s
o
f
EBG
s
sh
if
ted
in
w
a
rd
s
to
a
n
ten
n
a
e
d
g
e
s
by
0
.
3
m
m
(0
.
0
6
λ
o
)
o
r
a
g
a
p
o
f
it
s
d
e
sig
n
a
ro
u
n
d
th
e
p
a
tch
f
ro
m
th
e
lef
t
a
n
d
rig
h
t
sid
e
s
.
Dif
fe
re
n
t
c
o
n
f
ig
u
ra
ti
o
n
s
w
e
re
a
lso
e
x
a
m
in
e
d
in
o
rd
e
r
to
g
e
t
th
e
b
e
tt
e
r
im
p
ro
v
e
m
e
n
t
in
a
n
ten
n
a
p
e
rf
o
rm
a
n
c
e
.
T
h
e
f
i
n
a
l
d
e
sig
n
o
f
th
is
m
u
sh
ro
o
m
-
li
k
e
sh
if
ted
p
e
rio
d
ic
str
u
c
tu
re
sh
o
w
s
a
n
e
ff
e
c
ti
v
e
in
c
re
a
se
in
th
e
d
irec
ti
v
it
y
b
y
77
%
,
g
a
i
n
b
y
108
%
,
b
a
n
d
w
id
th
b
y
29
%
a
n
d
th
e
e
ff
ici
e
n
c
y
b
y
2
0
%
f
o
r
th
e
a
n
ten
n
a
.
Th
is
stru
c
tu
re
h
a
s
d
iv
e
rsif
ied
a
p
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
p
o
ss
ib
i
li
ty
f
o
r
w
irele
ss
a
n
d
sa
telli
te co
m
m
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
s
.
K
ey
w
o
r
d
:
C
-
B
a
n
d
s
atellite
H
ig
h
d
ielec
tr
ic
co
n
s
ta
n
t
Hig
h
g
ai
n
M
u
s
h
r
o
o
m
-
li
k
e
E
B
G
T
h
icK
s
u
b
s
tr
ate
Co
p
y
rig
h
t
©
2
0
1
8
In
stit
u
te o
f
A
d
v
a
n
c
e
d
E
n
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
a
n
d
S
c
ien
c
e
.
Al
l
rig
h
ts
re
se
rv
e
d
.
C
o
r
r
e
s
p
o
nd
ing
A
uth
o
r
:
M.
K.
A
b
d
u
l
h
a
m
ee
d
,
Dep
ar
t
m
en
t o
f
T
elec
o
m
m
u
n
ic
atio
n
E
n
g
i
n
ee
r
in
g
,
Facu
lt
y
o
f
E
lectr
o
n
ic
an
d
C
o
m
p
u
ter
E
n
g
i
n
ee
r
i
n
g
,
Un
i
v
er
s
iti T
ek
n
ik
al
Ma
la
y
s
ia
Me
lak
a,
Han
g
T
u
ah
J
a
y
a,
7
6
1
0
0
Du
r
ian
T
u
n
g
g
al,
Me
la
k
a
,
Ma
la
y
s
ia.
E
m
ail: e
n
g
_
m
k
a@
y
a
h
o
o
.
co
m
1.
I
NT
RO
D
UCT
I
O
N
T
h
e
m
icr
o
s
tr
ip
p
atch
an
te
n
n
a
s
h
av
e
b
ee
n
u
s
ed
w
id
el
y
in
v
ar
io
u
s
ap
p
licatio
n
s
d
u
e
to
th
e
ir
in
h
er
en
t
b
en
ef
it
o
f
b
ei
n
g
lo
w
p
r
o
f
ile,
lo
w
co
s
t,
lig
h
t
-
w
ei
g
h
t
an
d
th
ei
r
co
n
v
en
ie
n
t
i
n
teg
r
atio
n
w
it
h
R
F
d
ev
ices[
1
]
,
[
2
]
.
E
x
citatio
n
o
f
th
e
s
u
r
f
ac
e
w
a
v
es
is
a
m
o
n
g
t
h
e
m
aj
o
r
lim
itati
o
n
s
o
f
th
e
s
e
m
icr
o
s
tr
ip
an
te
n
n
as.
T
h
e
m
u
s
h
r
o
o
m
-
lik
e
E
B
G
s
u
r
f
ac
e
d
escr
ib
ed
i
n
[
3
]
,
an
d
t
h
e
d
escr
ip
tio
n
o
f
t
h
e
u
n
i
-
p
la
n
ar
E
B
G
s
u
r
f
ac
e
p
r
esen
ted
i
n
[
4
]
,
w
a
s
u
tili
ze
d
f
o
r
s
u
r
r
o
u
n
d
in
g
a
m
icr
o
s
tr
ip
p
atch
a
n
ten
n
a
to
r
e
d
u
ce
t
h
e
s
u
r
f
ac
e
w
a
v
e
i
m
p
a
ct
an
d
i
m
p
r
o
v
e
th
e
an
ten
n
a
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
[
5
]
-
[
1
1
]
.
I
n
ad
d
itio
n
to
s
u
r
f
ac
e
w
av
e
s
u
p
p
r
ess
io
n
s
u
p
p
o
r
t,
s
u
c
h
s
t
r
u
ctu
r
es
h
a
v
e
b
ee
n
u
tili
ze
d
to
in
cr
ea
s
e
t
h
e
g
ai
n
o
f
a
n
te
n
n
a
[
1
2
]
,
d
ec
r
ea
s
in
g
th
e
b
ac
k
r
ad
iatio
n
s
[
1
3
]
an
d
r
ed
u
ctio
n
i
n
t
h
e
s
ize
o
f
an
ten
n
a
[
1
4
]
.
T
h
e
h
ig
h
d
ielec
tr
ic
co
n
s
tan
t
s
u
b
s
tr
ate
w
it
h
m
icr
o
s
tr
ip
an
te
n
n
as
ar
e
ex
citi
n
g
to
p
ic
in
an
ten
n
as
d
esi
g
n
d
u
e
to
t
h
eir
co
m
p
r
e
s
s
ed
s
ize.
Ho
w
e
v
er
,
u
tili
za
tio
n
o
f
s
u
c
h
h
i
g
h
d
ielec
tr
ic
co
n
s
ta
n
t
s
u
b
s
tr
ate
b
r
in
g
s
alo
n
g
s
o
m
e
m
aj
o
r
d
r
aw
b
ac
k
s
to
an
ten
n
a
d
esi
g
n
.
T
h
ese
w
ea
k
n
e
s
s
es
in
cl
u
d
e
n
ar
r
o
w
i
n
g
o
f
b
an
d
w
id
t
h
,
d
ec
r
ea
s
ed
ef
f
icien
c
y
a
n
d
in
ap
p
r
o
p
r
iate
r
ad
iatio
n
p
atter
n
s
.
T
h
ese
d
r
a
wb
ac
k
s
o
r
ig
i
n
ated
d
u
e
to
t
h
e
e
x
citatio
n
o
f
s
u
r
f
ac
e
w
a
v
es.
T
h
e
a
m
o
u
n
t
o
f
en
er
g
y
r
ad
iated
in
to
air
ca
n
b
e
les
s
t
h
an
t
h
e
e
n
er
g
y
th
at
is
co
n
f
i
n
ed
b
y
s
u
ch
elec
tr
o
m
ag
n
etic
w
a
v
es.
T
h
ese
s
u
r
f
ac
e
w
av
e
s
,
w
h
i
ch
ar
e
s
ca
tter
ed
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
ed
g
es
o
f
an
ten
n
a
ca
n
ca
u
s
e
b
ac
k
lo
b
e
r
ad
iatio
n
in
cr
e
m
en
t,
d
e
ter
io
r
atio
n
in
g
ai
n
d
eter
io
r
atio
n
an
d
r
ip
p
les
in
th
e
r
ad
iatio
n
p
atter
n
[
1
5
]
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8708
I
n
t J
E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
,
Vo
l.
8
,
No
.
5
,
Octo
b
er
2
0
1
8
:
3
8
7
5
–
3
8
8
1
3876
R
ec
en
t
l
y
,
m
an
y
m
e
th
o
d
s
h
a
v
e
b
ee
n
in
tr
o
d
u
ce
d
to
o
v
er
co
m
e
th
ese
s
h
o
r
tco
m
i
n
g
s
th
at
u
s
e
t
h
e
m
a
n
ip
u
la
tio
n
o
f
an
ten
n
a
s
u
b
s
tr
ate.
B
y
th
e
u
s
e
o
f
m
icr
o
m
ac
h
in
i
n
g
tech
n
iq
u
es,
th
e
ef
f
ec
ti
v
e
d
ielec
tr
ic
co
n
s
ta
n
t
o
f
s
u
b
s
tr
ate
u
n
d
er
th
e
p
atch
ca
n
b
e
lo
w
er
ed
[
1
6
]
.
T
h
is
ap
p
r
o
a
ch
h
as
a
m
aj
o
r
s
h
o
r
tco
m
i
n
g
th
at
t
h
e
la
r
g
er
p
atch
s
ize
th
a
n
th
at
o
n
t
h
e
u
n
p
er
tu
r
b
ed
s
u
b
s
tr
ate.
T
h
e
s
u
r
f
ac
e
w
av
e
ca
n
b
e
l
o
w
er
ed
b
y
p
u
tti
n
g
a
co
m
p
lete
b
an
d
-
g
ap
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
ar
o
u
n
d
th
e
p
atch
[
5
]
o
r
b
y
s
y
n
t
h
esizi
n
g
lo
w
d
ielec
tr
ic
co
n
s
ta
n
t
s
u
b
s
tr
ate.
T
h
e
h
i
g
h
d
iele
ctr
ic
co
n
s
tan
t
s
u
b
s
tr
ate
w
i
th
m
icr
o
s
tr
ip
an
te
n
n
a
s
r
es
u
lted
in
a
co
m
p
r
es
s
ed
s
ize
b
u
t
t
h
e
d
is
ad
v
a
n
ta
g
e
o
f
th
is
m
et
h
o
d
is
t
h
at
th
e
b
an
d
w
id
th
o
f
h
i
g
h
d
ielec
tr
ic
co
n
s
tan
t
an
te
n
n
a
s
is
n
ar
r
o
wer
th
an
th
e
b
an
d
w
id
t
h
o
f
lo
w
d
ielec
tr
ic
co
n
s
tan
t.
B
y
i
n
cr
ea
s
i
n
g
th
e
th
ic
k
n
es
s
o
f
t
h
e
s
u
b
s
tr
ate,
th
i
s
p
r
o
b
le
m
c
an
b
e
s
o
lv
ed
;
h
o
w
e
v
er
t
h
is
s
o
lu
tio
n
w
ill
i
n
cr
ea
s
th
e
s
u
r
f
ac
e
w
av
e
s
.
I
n
o
r
d
er
to
o
v
er
co
m
e
t
h
e
i
n
cr
ea
s
ed
s
u
r
f
ac
e
w
a
v
es
ca
u
s
ed
b
y
t
h
e
u
s
e
o
f
th
ic
k
s
u
b
s
tr
ate,
E
B
G
ca
n
b
e
u
s
ed
.
T
h
is
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
w
ill
g
i
v
e
a
m
i
n
iat
u
r
ized
l
ev
el
o
f
b
o
th
t
h
e
b
ac
k
a
n
d
th
e
s
id
e
lo
b
e,
th
u
s
t
h
er
e
w
il
l
b
e
an
i
m
p
r
o
v
e
m
e
n
t
i
n
e
n
er
g
y
r
ad
iatio
n
i
n
t
h
e
d
ir
ec
tio
n
o
f
b
r
o
ad
s
id
e.
Hen
ce
th
e
d
ir
ec
tiv
it
y
a
n
d
g
ai
n
o
f
an
ten
n
a
w
il
l b
e
i
m
p
r
o
v
ed
.
I
n
th
i
s
p
ap
er
,
w
e
ap
p
lied
E
B
G
s
tr
u
ct
u
r
e
to
th
e
p
atch
an
te
n
n
a
f
o
r
th
e
s
u
p
p
r
es
s
io
n
o
f
t
h
e
s
u
r
f
ac
e
w
a
v
es
o
n
th
e
h
i
g
h
d
ielec
tr
ic
co
n
s
ta
n
t
s
u
b
s
tr
ate
o
f
t
h
e
a
n
ten
n
a.
No
n
e
o
f
th
e
n
ec
e
s
s
ar
y
f
ea
t
u
r
e,
li
k
e
t
h
e
b
an
d
w
id
t
h
an
d
s
m
all
s
ize,
w
as
s
ac
r
if
iced
,
b
u
t
t
h
er
e
is
i
m
p
r
o
v
e
m
en
t
f
o
r
g
ai
n
,
d
ir
ec
tiv
i
t
y
,
b
an
d
w
id
th
a
n
d
ef
f
icien
c
y
.
T
h
e
E
B
G
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
b
an
d
g
ap
h
a
s
b
ee
n
d
es
ig
n
ed
to
co
v
er
th
e
r
eso
n
an
t
f
r
eq
u
e
n
c
y
o
f
a
n
te
n
n
a,
th
u
s
p
r
ev
en
ti
n
g
th
e
s
u
r
f
ac
e
w
a
v
es
p
r
o
p
ag
atio
n
th
at
ar
e
o
r
ig
i
n
ate
d
f
r
o
m
a
n
ten
n
a.
O
n
e
ca
n
i
m
p
r
o
v
e
th
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
c
e
o
f
an
te
n
n
a
b
y
s
h
if
tin
g
t
h
e
lo
ca
tio
n
o
f
E
B
G
s
tr
u
ct
u
r
es a
n
d
v
ar
y
in
g
t
h
eir
n
u
m
b
er
s
.
2.
E
B
G
S
T
RUC
T
UR
E
AND
D
E
SI
G
N
T
h
e
m
u
s
h
r
o
o
m
-
lik
e
E
B
G
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
,
w
h
ic
h
is
actu
all
y
a
2
-
D
E
B
G
s
u
r
f
ace,
w
as
i
n
itiall
y
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
by
[
3
]
.
T
h
er
e
w
er
e
f
o
u
r
p
ar
ts
in
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
m
o
d
el
:
(
a)
g
r
o
u
n
d
p
lan
e,
(
b
)
d
ielec
tr
ic
s
u
b
s
tr
ate,
(
c)
m
etalli
c
p
atch
es,
an
d
(
4
)
co
n
n
ec
ti
n
g
v
ias.
A
d
is
ti
n
ct
f
ea
tu
r
e
o
f
s
to
p
b
an
d
w
a
s
ex
h
ib
ited
b
y
t
h
ese
E
B
G
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
s
f
o
r
s
u
r
f
ac
e
-
w
av
e
p
r
o
p
ag
atio
n
.
A
n
L
C
f
ilter
ar
r
a
y
ca
n
b
e
u
s
ed
f
o
r
th
e
ex
p
la
n
atio
n
o
f
t
h
e
o
p
er
atio
n
m
ec
h
a
n
i
s
m
o
f
th
e
E
B
G
s
tr
u
ct
u
r
e
,
as
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
Fig
u
r
e
1
(
c
)
.
T
h
e
cu
r
r
en
t,
w
h
ich
is
f
lo
w
in
g
th
r
o
u
g
h
v
ia
s
,
ca
u
s
e
s
th
e
in
d
u
cto
r
L
ef
f
ec
t,
w
h
er
ea
s
t
h
e
g
ap
a
m
o
n
g
th
e
n
ei
g
h
b
o
r
in
g
p
atch
e
s
r
esu
l
ted
in
th
e
ca
p
ac
ito
r
C
ef
f
ec
t.
[
1
7
]
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ated
a
f
o
r
m
u
la
to
d
eter
m
in
e
t
h
e
v
a
lu
es o
f
L
a
n
d
C
f
o
r
an
E
B
G
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
,
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
Fi
g
u
r
e
1
(
a
)
a
n
d
Fi
g
u
r
e
1
(
b
)
.
W
is
th
e
p
atch
w
id
t
h
,
g
ap
w
id
th
i
s
g
,
th
ic
k
n
es
s
o
f
s
u
b
s
tr
ate
is
h
a
n
d
r
is
d
ielec
tr
ic
co
n
s
tan
t
.
(
a)
T
o
p
v
ie
w
(
b
)
C
r
o
s
s
v
ie
w
(
c
)
L
u
m
p
ed
L
C
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
Geo
m
e
tr
ies o
f
m
u
s
h
r
o
o
m
li
k
e
E
B
G
(
a)
T
o
p
v
ie
w
(
b
)
C
r
o
s
s
v
ie
w
(
c)
L
u
m
p
ed
L
C
t
y
p
ical
f
o
r
E
B
G
an
al
y
s
is
[
3
]
h
L
o
(
1
)
1
(
1
)
2
c
o
s
h
(
)
or
W
Wg
c
g
(
2
)
W
h
er
e
μ
o
is
th
e
f
r
ee
s
p
ac
e
p
er
m
ea
b
ili
t
y
a
n
d
o
is
th
e
f
r
ee
s
p
ac
e
p
er
m
itti
v
it
y
.
L
ik
e
w
i
s
e
w
e
ca
n
ca
lcu
late
t
h
e
f
r
eq
u
e
n
c
y
b
an
d
g
ap
as f
o
r
m
u
la
b
elo
w
:
1
W
LC
(
3
)
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J
E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
I
SS
N:
2088
-
8708
Mu
s
h
r
o
o
m
-
Like
E
B
G
to
I
mp
r
o
ve
P
a
tch
A
n
ten
n
a
P
erfo
r
ma
n
ce
fo
r
C
-
B
a
n
d
S
a
tellite …
(
M.
K
.
A
b
d
u
lh
a
mee
d
)
3877
C
L
W
W
BW
1
(
4
)
η
is
th
e
i
m
p
ed
an
ce
o
f
t
h
e
f
r
ee
s
p
ac
e
w
h
ic
h
is
120
ᴫ
(
3
7
7
o
h
m
s
)
.
T
h
e
E
B
G
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
o
p
er
atio
n
ca
n
b
e
d
esig
n
ed
b
y
an
L
C
f
il
t
er
eq
u
iv
ale
n
t
cir
cu
it
m
o
d
el
if
p
er
io
d
icity
o
f
s
tr
u
ct
u
r
e
is
a
s
s
m
all
a
s
p
o
s
s
ib
le
in
co
m
p
ar
i
s
o
n
w
it
h
t
h
e
w
av
e
len
g
t
h
o
f
o
p
er
atin
g
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
[
1
8
]
.
T
h
e
i
m
p
ed
an
ce
o
f
t
h
e
s
tr
u
ct
u
r
e
i
s
v
er
y
h
i
g
h
at
r
e
s
o
n
a
n
t
f
r
eq
u
e
n
c
y
,
an
d
h
e
n
ce
t
h
e
s
tr
u
ct
u
r
e
a
v
o
id
s
th
e
e
m
i
s
s
io
n
o
f
an
y
s
u
r
f
ac
e
w
a
v
es
.
T
h
is
r
e
s
u
lts
in
a
b
a
n
d
g
ap
o
f
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
[
3
]
.
A
n
i
n
cr
e
m
en
t
in
p
atch
w
id
t
h
W,
a
n
d
d
ec
r
em
e
n
t
i
n
g
ap
g,
w
h
ile
k
ee
p
in
g
t
h
e
h
e
ig
h
t
a
n
d
p
er
m
it
tiv
it
y
o
f
s
u
b
s
tr
ate
f
i
x
ed
,
ca
u
s
es
an
i
n
cr
e
m
e
n
t
i
n
ca
p
ac
itan
ce
th
at
r
es
u
lt
s
in
t
h
e
d
ec
r
em
e
n
t
o
f
th
e
s
tr
u
ct
u
r
e’
s
r
eso
n
an
t
f
r
eq
u
e
n
c
y
.
T
o
co
v
er
th
e
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
o
f
6
GHz
,
C
ST
s
o
f
t
w
ar
e
h
a
s
b
ee
n
u
s
ed
to
t
u
n
e
t
h
e
v
alu
e
s
o
f
W
a
n
d
g
.
Fi
g
u
r
e
2
(
a
)
d
e
m
o
n
s
t
r
ate
th
e
u
n
it
ce
ll
o
f
th
e
m
u
s
h
r
o
o
m
-
E
B
G
w
it
h
W
=
3
m
m
(
0
.
0
6
λ
o
)
,
g
=
0
.
3
m
m
(
0
.
0
0
6
λ
o
)
an
d
v
ia
d
iam
ete
r
o
f
1
m
m
(
0
.
0
2
λ
o
)
co
n
n
ec
ted
b
et
w
ee
n
th
e
g
r
o
u
n
d
p
lan
e
a
n
d
p
atch
o
n
a
R
o
g
e
r
s
R
T
/Du
r
o
id
6
0
1
0
s
u
b
s
tr
a
te
o
f
h
eig
h
t
h
=2
.
2
m
m
(
0
.
0
4
4
λ
o
)
,
r
elativ
e
p
er
m
itti
v
it
y
o
f
1
0
.
2
.
T
h
e
w
o
r
k
i
n
g
E
B
G
b
an
d
w
id
t
h
d
ef
i
n
es
a
s
th
e
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
r
an
g
e
w
it
h
i
n
w
h
ic
h
th
e
r
ef
lec
tio
n
p
h
ase
c
h
an
g
e
s
f
r
o
m
–
π
/2
to
+π
/2
as
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
Fig
u
r
e
2
(
b
)
,
s
o
th
e
r
eso
n
an
t
f
r
eq
u
e
n
c
y
(
6
GHz
)
at
th
e
ze
r
o
r
ef
lec
tio
n
p
h
ases
.
T
h
e
k
e
y
id
ea
o
f
t
h
i
s
r
esear
ch
i
s
to
s
u
itab
l
y
d
esi
g
n
t
h
e
p
atch
s
ize
s
u
c
h
th
at
t
h
e
an
te
n
n
a
r
eso
n
an
t
f
r
e
q
u
en
c
y
d
r
o
p
s
w
it
h
i
n
t
h
e
E
B
G
b
an
d
g
ap
an
d
t
h
e
n
t
h
e
s
u
r
f
ac
e
w
a
v
es
co
u
ld
b
e
p
r
o
h
ib
ited
.
T
h
e
b
an
d
g
ap
s
o
f
3
m
m
(
0
.
0
6
λ
o
)
p
atch
es
ar
e
s
u
itab
le
f
o
r
th
e
s
id
e
lo
b
e
an
d
b
ac
k
r
ad
iatio
n
r
ed
u
ctio
n
s
,
w
h
er
e
t
h
e
an
ten
n
a
f
r
eq
u
e
n
c
y
d
r
o
p
s
i
n
s
id
e
t
h
e
r
a
n
g
e
ar
ea
o
f
E
B
G
b
an
d
g
ap
.
I
n
o
th
er
w
a
y
,
w
e
ca
n
s
tate
th
a
t
th
e
E
B
G
b
an
d
g
ap
c
an
co
v
er
th
e
r
eso
n
an
ce
f
r
eq
u
e
n
c
y
o
f
th
i
s
d
esi
g
n
ed
an
ten
n
a
.
(
a)
(
b
)
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
(
a)
E
B
G
u
n
it
ce
ll (
b
)
R
ef
lect
io
n
p
h
a
s
e
f
o
r
th
e
E
B
G
u
n
it c
el
l
3.
ANT
E
NNA
D
E
SI
G
N
AND
CO
NF
I
G
URA
T
I
O
N
W
I
T
H
M
USH
RO
O
M
-
L
I
K
E
E
B
G
A
n
te
n
n
a
d
esi
g
n
e
h
a
s
b
ee
n
d
iv
id
ed
in
to
t
w
o
m
ai
n
p
ar
ts
,
in
th
is
w
o
r
k
.
F
ir
s
t
,
r
elate
d
to
d
esig
n
t
h
e
m
u
s
h
r
o
o
m
-
l
ik
e
E
B
G
w
ith
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
b
an
d
g
ap
th
at
ca
n
co
v
er
th
e
r
eso
n
an
ce
f
r
eq
u
e
n
c
y
o
f
t
h
e
r
ec
tan
g
u
lar
p
ac
h
an
ten
n
a
w
h
ich
w
a
s
d
esin
g
e
d
an
d
p
r
esen
ted
in
p
r
ev
io
u
s
p
ar
t
.C
o
n
f
ig
u
r
in
g
t
h
e
r
ec
tan
g
u
lar
p
atch
an
ten
n
a
w
it
h
E
B
G
h
as g
i
v
e
n
th
e
i
m
p
r
o
v
e
m
en
t
in
a
n
te
n
n
a
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
wh
ich
i
s
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
t
h
is
s
ec
tio
n
.
P
atch
an
ten
n
a
w
id
el
y
k
n
o
w
n
as
m
icr
o
s
tr
ip
p
atch
an
ten
n
a
a
n
d
a
lo
t
o
f
r
esear
ch
h
as
b
ee
n
d
o
n
e
b
y
t
h
e
o
th
er
in
v
e
s
ti
g
ato
r
s
to
m
a
k
e
it
u
s
ab
le
w
ith
a
s
m
all
s
ize
.
P
atch
an
te
n
n
a
s
ar
e
av
ailab
le
in
d
if
f
er
en
t
s
h
ap
es
an
d
s
ize
s
.
R
ec
tan
g
u
lar
p
atch
is
a
m
o
s
t
s
i
m
p
le
a
n
d
ea
s
y
to
f
ab
r
icate
.
T
h
e
s
ize
o
f
th
e
a
n
te
n
n
a
d
ec
r
ea
s
es
as
th
e
r
elativ
e
d
ielec
tr
ic
co
n
s
tan
t
o
f
th
e
s
u
b
s
tr
ate
i
n
cr
ea
s
e
[
1
9
]
.
I
n
t
h
is
r
esear
c
h
,
w
e
d
e
s
i
g
n
ed
a
r
ec
tan
g
u
lar
p
atch
an
ten
n
a
w
it
h
p
r
o
b
e
f
ee
d
o
n
t
h
e
R
o
g
er
s
R
T
/Du
r
o
id
6
0
1
0
,
d
i
elec
tr
ic
co
n
s
tan
t
r
=1
0
.
2
an
d
t
h
e
t
h
ic
k
n
e
s
s
o
f
t
h
e
s
u
b
s
tr
ate
i
s
h
=2
.
2
m
m
(
0
.
0
4
4
λ
o
)
.
T
h
e
len
g
t
h
s
o
f
th
e
p
atch
ar
e
6
.
1
m
m
(
0
.
1
2
4
λ
o
)
b
y
7
.
4
m
m
(
0
.
1
4
8
λ
o
)
.
B
y
s
u
r
r
o
u
n
d
in
g
th
e
r
ec
ta
n
g
u
lar
p
atch
an
te
n
n
a
w
it
h
4
co
lu
m
n
s
f
o
r
all
s
id
es
,
w
e
s
u
cc
e
s
s
f
u
ll
y
a
ch
iev
ed
t
h
e
an
te
n
n
a
i
m
p
r
o
v
e
m
en
t
b
y
s
u
p
p
r
ess
i
n
g
th
e
s
u
r
f
ac
e
w
a
v
es.
Stru
c
tu
r
es
o
f
E
B
G
w
er
e
s
ited
m
o
r
e
th
an
t
w
o
p
er
io
d
s
a
w
a
y
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
p
atch
an
ten
n
a
ed
g
es
.
Un
lik
e
u
n
i
-
p
lan
ar
an
d
o
th
er
E
B
Gs,
in
m
u
s
h
r
o
o
m
-
li
k
e
s
tr
u
ctu
r
es
t
h
er
e
ar
e
n
o
in
ter
co
n
n
ec
ti
n
g
m
icr
o
s
tr
ip
lin
es
th
at
li
m
it
th
eir
ar
r
an
g
e
m
e
n
t
p
er
io
d
icall
y
.
Usi
n
g
th
is
f
ea
tu
r
e,
th
e
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
s
o
f
E
B
G
h
av
e
b
ee
n
s
h
if
ted
i
n
w
ar
d
s
to
th
e
an
ten
n
a
en
d
s
,
s
o
th
e
p
atch
an
ten
n
a
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
le
f
t
an
d
r
ig
h
t
s
id
es
h
a
s
b
ee
n
s
u
r
r
o
u
n
d
ed
b
y
4
co
lu
m
n
s
s
h
i
f
ted
i
n
w
ar
d
s
a
g
ap
o
f
i
ts
d
esi
g
n
o
r
0
.
3
m
m
(
0
.
0
6
λ
o
)
w
it
h
o
v
er
all
s
ize
i
s
49
.2
m
m
(
0
.
9
8
λ
o
)
×5
2
m
m
(
1
.
0
4
λ
o
)
is
as b
e
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
Fi
g
u
r
e
3.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8708
I
n
t J
E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
,
Vo
l.
8
,
No
.
5
,
Octo
b
er
2
0
1
8
:
3
8
7
5
–
3
8
8
1
3878
Fig
u
r
e
3
.
A
r
ec
tan
g
u
lar
p
atch
an
ten
n
a
s
u
r
r
o
u
n
d
ed
b
y
m
u
s
h
r
o
o
m
-
li
k
e
E
B
G
s
tr
u
ct
u
r
es
4.
R
E
SU
L
T
S
A
ND
AN
AL
Y
SI
S
I
n
th
e
p
r
ev
io
u
s
s
ec
t
io
n
,
th
e
d
esig
n
o
f
th
e
r
ec
tan
g
u
lar
p
atch
an
ten
n
a
,
s
u
r
r
o
u
n
d
ed
b
y
t
h
e
E
B
G
w
it
h
th
e
b
an
d
g
ap
w
h
ic
h
co
v
er
s
6
GHz
f
r
eq
u
e
n
c
y
w
as
p
r
esen
ted
.
Fo
r
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
co
m
p
ar
is
o
n
,
w
e
s
i
m
u
lat
ed
an
ten
n
a
s
u
r
r
o
u
n
d
ed
b
y
E
B
G
an
d
a
n
d
th
e
o
r
ig
in
al
r
ec
tan
g
u
lar
p
atch
an
ten
n
a.
T
h
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
E
B
G
co
lu
m
n
s
th
a
t
s
u
r
r
o
u
n
d
ed
th
e
an
ten
n
a
is
v
ar
y
in
g
f
r
o
m
th
r
ee
to
f
i
v
e.
I
t
is
o
b
s
er
v
ed
th
at
w
h
e
n
f
e
w
er
E
B
G
p
atch
co
lu
m
n
s
(3
-
co
lu
m
n
s
)
w
er
e
u
s
ed
,
th
e
i
m
p
r
o
v
e
m
e
n
ts
i
n
t
h
e
r
es
u
lts
w
er
e
n
o
t
m
u
c
h
s
i
g
n
i
f
ica
n
t.
As
w
e
i
n
cr
ea
s
ed
th
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
co
lu
m
n
s
to
f
o
u
r
,
w
i
th
s
h
i
f
t
i
n
g
a
n
d
d
eletin
g
s
o
m
e
o
f
E
B
G
ele
m
e
n
ts
a
s
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
Fi
g
u
r
e
3
,
th
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
o
f
t
h
e
s
tr
u
ct
u
r
e
g
o
t
en
h
a
n
ce
d
f
o
r
th
e
p
atch
an
ten
n
a
.
T
h
is
s
i
g
n
i
f
ies
th
at
t
h
is
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
h
a
s
a
b
etter
ef
f
ec
t
f
o
r
th
e
an
t
en
n
a
r
e
s
o
n
a
n
ce
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
.
T
h
e
E
B
G
ca
s
e
w
it
h
f
i
v
e
c
o
lu
m
n
s
h
a
s
a
r
elat
iv
el
y
lar
g
er
s
ize
a
n
d
lo
w
er
i
m
p
r
o
v
e
m
en
t
s
w
er
e
o
b
s
er
v
ed
th
an
th
e
E
GB
w
it
h
f
o
u
r
co
lu
m
n
s
.
T
h
e
s
i
m
u
latio
n
o
u
tco
m
es
ar
e
ar
r
an
g
ed
i
n
T
ab
le
1
b
elo
w
.
T
ab
le
1
.
Desig
n
s
R
es
u
lt
s
o
f
E
B
G
o
n
A
n
ten
n
a
’
s
P
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
c
e
C
o
l
u
mn
s
D
i
r
e
c
t
i
v
i
t
y
(
d
B
i
)
G
a
i
n
(
d
B
)
Ef
f
i
c
i
e
n
c
y
(
%)
S
1
1
(
d
B
)
B
a
n
d
w
i
d
t
h
(
M
H
z
)
(
3
)
c
o
l
u
mn
s
8
.
3
3
7
.
8
2
8
8
%
-
20
1
7
5
(
4
)
c
o
l
u
mn
s
10
9
.
8
6
9
6
.
5
%
-
31
2
3
3
(
5
)
c
o
l
u
mn
s
8
.
4
7
.
9
8
9
%
-
31
2
0
6
W
i
t
h
o
u
t
E
B
G
5
.
6
6
4
.
7
4
8
0
%
-
2
0
.
7
1
8
1
T
h
e
s
i
m
u
lated
S
-
p
ar
a
m
e
ter
in
ter
m
o
f
S
-
11
p
r
esen
ted
a
g
o
o
d
m
atc
h
i
n
g
S
-
1
1
at
6
GHz
.
T
h
e
co
n
f
i
g
u
r
atio
n
s
s
li
g
h
tl
y
s
h
if
te
d
th
e
r
eso
n
an
t
f
r
eq
u
e
n
c
y
o
f
th
e
an
ten
n
a
to
5
.
9
8
GHz
w
h
en
u
s
in
g
4
-
s
h
if
ted
co
lu
m
n
s
f
o
r
b
o
th
s
id
es
o
f
an
t
en
n
a
(
r
i
g
h
t
a
n
d
le
f
t)
w
it
h
g
o
o
d
m
atc
h
i
n
g
S
-
1
1
o
f
less
t
h
a
n
-
31
dB
.
W
h
ile
th
e
r
eso
n
an
ce
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
f
o
r
th
e
a
n
ten
n
a
w
it
h
o
u
t
u
s
in
g
E
B
G
p
o
in
ted
at
6
.
0
1
GHz
w
ith
m
atc
h
in
g
S
-
1
1
eq
u
al
to
-
2
0
.
7
d
B
as sh
o
w
n
i
n
F
i
g
u
r
e
4
.
Fig
u
r
e
4
.
R
etu
r
n
lo
s
s
o
f
t
h
e
m
i
c
ro
strip
an
ten
n
a
s
s
u
r
r
o
u
n
d
ed
b
y
d
if
f
er
en
t
co
l
u
m
n
s
o
f
E
B
G
s
t
r
u
ctu
r
es
F
r
e
q
u
e
n
c
y
(
G
H
z
)
5
.
4
5
.
6
5
.
8
6
.
0
6
.
2
6
.
4
|
S
1
1
|
(
d
B
)
-
3
5
-
3
0
-
2
5
-
2
0
-
1
5
-
1
0
-5
0
3
-
C
o
l
u
m
n
s
4
-
C
o
l
u
m
n
s
5
-
C
o
l
u
m
n
s
W
i
t
h
o
u
t
E
B
G
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J
E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
I
SS
N:
2088
-
8708
Mu
s
h
r
o
o
m
-
Like
E
B
G
to
I
mp
r
o
ve
P
a
tch
A
n
ten
n
a
P
erfo
r
ma
n
ce
fo
r
C
-
B
a
n
d
S
a
tellite …
(
M.
K
.
A
b
d
u
lh
a
mee
d
)
3879
I
n
o
r
d
er
to
co
m
p
ar
e
th
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
o
f
a
n
ten
n
a,
t
h
e
E
B
G
s
tr
u
ct
u
r
e
d
an
ten
n
a
w
a
s
ad
j
u
s
ted
to
r
eso
n
an
t
f
r
eq
u
e
n
c
y
a
t
6
GHz
an
d
th
i
s
is
co
m
p
ar
ed
w
it
h
r
ec
tan
g
u
lar
p
atch
a
n
te
n
n
a
w
it
h
o
u
t
u
s
i
n
g
E
B
G.
T
h
e
r
ad
iatio
n
p
atter
n
s
f
o
r
t
h
e
d
ir
ec
ti
v
it
y
o
f
b
o
th
a
n
te
n
n
a
s
is
as
d
e
m
o
n
s
tr
ated
in
Fi
g
u
r
e
5
(
a
)
.
T
h
e
r
ec
tan
g
u
lar
p
atch
an
te
n
n
a
w
it
h
o
u
t
E
B
G
h
as
-
7
d
B
s
id
e
lo
b
es.
T
h
is
s
id
e
lo
b
e
ca
u
s
es
a
r
ed
u
ctio
n
in
t
h
e
a
n
ten
n
a
g
ai
n
.
A
d
d
itio
n
all
y
;
t
h
e
m
ai
n
lo
b
e
h
a
s
a
b
ea
m
w
id
t
h
o
f
ar
o
u
n
d
8
7
.
3
°.
T
h
is
b
ig
ap
er
tu
r
e
a
n
g
le
w
o
u
ld
ca
u
s
e
a
r
ed
u
c
tio
n
i
n
t
h
e
d
ir
ec
tiv
it
y
o
f
a
n
te
n
n
a.
T
h
e
elec
tr
ic
f
ield
r
ad
iatio
n
p
r
o
p
er
ties
o
f
t
h
e
a
n
te
n
n
a
w
it
h
f
o
u
r
s
h
if
ted
co
lu
m
n
s
o
f
E
B
G
o
b
s
er
v
ed
th
e
b
etter
r
ed
u
cti
o
n
i
n
s
id
e
lo
b
e
lev
el
ar
o
u
n
d
-
1
7
.
5
d
B
.
Fu
r
th
er
,
th
e
b
ea
m
w
id
t
h
is
ab
o
u
t
57
°
.
T
h
ese
f
ea
t
u
r
es
p
r
o
v
id
ed
a
b
etter
g
ain
an
d
d
ir
ec
ti
v
it
y
i
n
co
m
p
ar
is
o
n
to
th
e
r
ec
tan
g
u
lar
p
atch
an
ten
n
a
w
i
th
n
o
E
B
G
.
I
t
h
a
s
b
ee
n
n
o
ti
ce
d
th
at
w
h
e
n
t
h
e
a
n
ten
n
a
i
s
s
u
r
r
o
u
n
d
ed
b
y
t
h
e
mu
s
h
r
o
o
m
-
l
ik
e
E
B
G
s
tr
u
ct
u
r
e
s
,
a
r
ed
u
ctio
n
in
th
e
s
id
e
lo
b
e
s
an
d
b
ac
k
r
ad
iatio
n
co
u
ld
b
e
o
b
s
er
v
ed
an
d
th
er
e
is
an
in
cr
e
m
e
n
t
i
n
ter
m
s
o
f
g
ain
in
th
e
d
ir
ec
tio
n
o
f
b
r
o
ad
s
id
e
o
f
t
h
e
an
te
n
n
a
.
T
h
e
m
ea
s
u
r
ed
g
ai
n
o
f
a
r
ec
tan
g
u
lar
p
atch
an
te
n
n
a
w
it
h
E
B
G
ele
m
en
t
s
i
s
9
.
8
6
d
B
a
n
d
th
e
d
ir
ec
ti
v
it
y
i
s
10
d
B
i
,
w
h
ile
t
h
e
g
ai
n
an
d
d
ir
ec
tiv
it
y
f
o
r
th
e
r
ec
tan
g
u
lar
an
ten
n
a
w
it
h
o
u
t
u
s
i
n
g
E
B
G
ar
e
4
.
7
4
d
B
an
d
5
.
6
6
d
B
i
as
s
h
o
w
n
in
Fi
g
u
r
e
5
(
b
)
an
d
Fig
u
r
e
5
(
c
)
.
-
1
8
0
-
1
5
0
-
1
2
0
-
9
0
-
6
0
-
3
0
0
30
60
90
120
150
-
1
0
-5
0
5
10
-
1
0
-5
0
5
10
-
1
0
-5
0
5
10
-
1
0
-5
0
5
10
W
i
t
h
E
B
G
W
i
t
h
o
u
t
E
B
G
T
h
e
t
a
/
D
e
g
r
e
e
-
1
5
0
-
1
0
0
-
5
0
0
50
100
150
G
a
i
n
d
B
-
1
0
-5
0
5
10
W
i
t
h
E
B
G
W
i
t
h
o
u
E
B
G
(
a)
(
b
)
(
c)
Fig
u
r
e
5
.
(
a)
R
ad
iatio
n
p
atter
n
i
m
p
r
o
v
e
m
e
n
t
w
i
th
E
B
G
(
b
)
I
n
cr
ea
s
e
g
ai
n
(
c)
I
n
cr
ea
s
e
d
ir
ec
tiv
it
y
A
s
u
r
f
ac
e
w
a
v
e
ef
f
ec
t
i
n
r
ad
iatio
n
p
atter
n
i
s
o
f
te
n
co
n
s
id
er
ed
u
n
d
esira
b
le
,
s
i
n
ce
it
d
e
cr
ea
s
e
th
e
an
ten
n
a
e
f
f
icien
c
y
a
n
d
ca
u
s
e
s
an
in
cr
e
m
e
n
t in
t
h
e
s
id
e
lo
b
e.
B
y
i
n
cr
ea
s
i
n
g
th
e
s
u
b
s
tr
ate
th
i
ck
n
e
s
s
to
av
o
id
t
h
e
n
ar
r
o
w
b
an
d
w
id
t
h
d
u
e
to
t
h
e
h
ig
h
d
ielec
tr
ic
co
n
s
ta
n
t
,
th
e
s
u
r
f
ac
e
w
a
v
es
w
ill
al
s
o
in
cr
ea
s
e
an
d
th
i
s
p
r
o
b
lem
ca
n
b
e
s
o
lv
ed
b
y
u
s
i
n
g
E
B
G
f
o
r
th
e
s
u
p
p
r
ess
i
on
o
f
s
u
ch
s
u
r
f
ac
e
w
a
v
es.
Fi
g
u
r
e
6
s
h
o
w
s
an
i
m
p
r
o
v
e
m
e
n
t
i
n
th
e
ef
f
icie
n
c
y
o
f
an
te
n
n
a
w
h
e
n
t
h
e
E
B
G
w
a
s
u
s
ed
to
s
u
r
r
o
u
n
d
th
e
r
ec
tan
g
u
lar
an
ten
n
a.
An
ten
n
a
w
it
h
o
u
t
E
B
G
h
as
e
f
f
icien
c
y
o
f
8
0
%
an
d
t
h
e
ef
f
icien
c
y
h
as
b
ee
n
o
b
s
er
v
ed
t
o
b
e
im
p
r
o
v
ed
to
9
6
.
5
%
af
ter
th
e
E
B
G
in
s
h
i
f
ted
co
lu
m
n
s
co
n
f
i
g
u
r
atio
n
s
w
as a
p
p
lied
o
n
th
e
v
er
y
s
a
m
e
a
n
ten
n
a.
T
h
e
t
a
/
D
e
g
r
e
e
-
1
5
0
-
1
0
0
-
5
0
0
50
100
150
D
i
r
e
c
t
i
v
i
t
y
d
B
i
-
1
0
-5
0
5
10
W
i
t
h
E
B
G
W
i
t
h
o
u
E
B
G
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8708
I
n
t J
E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
,
Vo
l.
8
,
No
.
5
,
Octo
b
er
2
0
1
8
:
3
8
7
5
–
3
8
8
1
3880
Fig
u
r
e
6.
E
f
f
icie
n
c
y
i
m
p
r
o
v
e
m
en
t
b
y
u
s
i
n
g
E
BG
5.
CO
NCLU
SI
O
N
T
h
is
p
ap
er
p
r
esen
ted
a
n
o
v
el
ar
r
an
g
e
m
e
n
t
o
f
th
e
m
u
s
h
r
o
o
m
-
li
k
e
E
B
G
s
tr
u
ct
u
r
e
to
av
o
i
d
th
e
b
ad
ef
f
ec
t
s
o
f
s
u
r
f
ac
e
w
av
e
p
r
o
d
u
ce
d
b
y
th
e
h
i
g
h
p
er
m
itt
iv
i
t
y
a
n
d
th
ick
s
u
b
s
tr
ate
w
it
h
o
u
t
lo
s
i
n
g
th
e
s
m
all
s
ize
o
f
an
ten
n
a.
T
h
e
n
e
w
d
esi
g
n
s
h
o
w
s
a
n
en
h
a
n
ce
m
en
t
i
n
t
h
e
g
ai
n
,
d
ir
ec
tiv
it
y
,
b
an
d
w
id
th
a
n
d
ef
f
icien
c
y
o
f
a
n
ten
n
a
as
co
m
p
ar
ed
to
th
e
o
r
ig
in
al
r
ec
tan
g
u
lar
p
atch
a
n
ten
n
a.
T
h
e
p
lace
m
en
t
o
f
m
u
s
h
r
o
o
m
-
li
k
e
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
s
is
f
lex
ib
le
w
h
ic
h
p
r
o
v
id
e
y
et
a
n
o
th
er
ad
v
an
ta
g
e
i
n
th
e
ap
p
licatio
n
s
o
f
cu
r
r
en
t
d
esi
g
n
o
f
an
te
n
n
a
.
Var
io
u
s
r
esu
l
ts
ar
e
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ati
n
g
t
h
eir
ab
ilit
y
to
d
ev
elo
p
th
e
p
atc
h
an
ten
n
a
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
o
n
h
i
g
h
d
ielec
tr
ic
co
n
s
ta
n
t
s
u
b
s
tr
ate.
T
h
e
f
in
al
d
esi
g
n
r
ep
r
esen
t
s
a
g
o
o
d
im
p
r
o
v
e
m
en
t
in
t
h
e
an
ten
n
a
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
w
h
er
e
th
e
d
ir
ec
tiv
it
y
is
i
m
p
r
o
v
ed
b
y
77
%
(
f
r
o
m
5
.
6
6
d
B
i
to
10
d
B
i
),
th
e
r
ea
lized
g
ain
also
s
h
o
w
ed
a
h
ig
h
i
m
p
r
o
v
e
m
e
n
t
of
108
%
(
f
r
o
m
4
.
7
4
d
B
to
9
.
8
6
d
B
)
,
th
e
b
an
d
w
id
t
h
i
n
cr
ea
s
ed
b
y
2
9
%
(
f
r
o
m
1
8
1
MH
z
to
2
3
3
M
Hz)
,
an
d
at
th
e
s
a
m
e
ti
m
e
,
t
h
e
ef
f
icie
n
c
y
h
a
s
b
ee
n
i
m
p
r
o
v
e
d
f
r
o
m
8
0
%
to
9
6
.
5
%
.
T
h
e
o
v
er
all
an
ten
n
a
s
ize
is
49
.2
m
m
(
0
.
9
8
λ
o
)
×
5
2
m
m
(
1
.
0
4
λ
o
).
T
h
ese
s
tr
u
ct
u
r
es
h
a
v
e
v
a
s
t
ap
p
licatio
n
s
i
n
w
ir
el
ess
a
an
d
s
atell
ite
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
s
.
ACK
NO
WL
E
D
G
E
M
E
NT
S
T
h
is
w
o
r
k
w
a
s
s
u
p
p
o
r
ted
b
y
UT
eM
Z
a
m
ala
h
Sch
e
m
e.
T
h
e
au
th
o
r
s
w
o
u
ld
also
lik
e
to
t
h
an
k
C
en
ter
f
o
r
R
e
s
ea
r
ch
a
n
d
I
n
n
o
v
atio
n
Ma
n
ag
e
m
e
n
t
(
C
R
I
M)
,
C
e
n
tr
e
o
f
E
x
ce
lle
n
ce
,
UT
eM
,
UT
eM
’
s
r
esear
ch
g
r
a
n
t
J
UR
N
A
L
/2
0
1
8
/FKEKK
/J
0
0
0
0
1
an
d
Un
i
v
er
s
it
i
T
ek
n
i
k
al
M
ala
y
s
ia
Me
la
k
a
(
UT
eM
)
f
o
r
t
h
eir
e
n
co
u
r
ag
e
m
e
n
t
an
d
h
elp
in
s
p
o
n
s
o
r
in
g
t
h
is
s
tu
d
y
.
RE
F
E
R
E
NC
E
S
[1
]
O.
Ot
m
a
n
,
e
t
a
l
.
,
"
A
Ne
w
De
si
g
n
o
f
a
W
id
e
b
a
n
d
M
in
iatu
re
A
n
ten
n
a
A
rra
y
"
,
In
t.
J
.
El
e
c
tr.
Co
mp
u
t.
En
g
.
,
v
o
l.
7
,
n
o
.
4
,
p
.
1
8
5
0
,
2
0
1
7
.
[2
]
R.
A
.
A
b
d
u
lh
a
sa
n
,
e
t
a
l
.,
"
In
v
e
rted
Dia
m
o
n
d
-
sh
a
p
e
d
No
tch
e
d
S
u
b
s
trate
a
n
d
P
a
tch
f
o
r
Hig
h
-
f
re
q
u
e
n
c
y
In
terfe
re
n
c
e
o
n
Ultra
-
w
id
e
b
a
n
d
A
n
ten
n
a
"
,
In
t
.
J
.
El
e
c
tr.
Co
mp
u
t.
En
g
.
,
v
o
l.
7
,
n
o
.
6
,
p
p
.
2
9
2
9
-
2
9
3
5
,
2
0
1
7
.
[3
]
D.
S
iev
e
n
p
ip
e
r,
e
t
a
l
.,
"
Hig
h
-
im
p
e
d
a
n
c
e
E
lec
tro
m
a
g
n
e
ti
c
su
rf
a
c
e
s
w
it
h
a
f
o
rb
id
d
e
n
F
re
q
u
e
n
c
y
B
a
n
d
"
,
IEE
E
T
ra
n
s
.
M
icr
o
w.
T
h
e
o
ry
T
e
c
h
.
,
v
o
l.
4
7
,
n
o
.
1
1
,
p
p
.
2
0
5
9
-
2
0
7
4
,
1
9
9
9
.
[4
]
F
.
R.
Ya
n
g
,
e
t
a
l
,M
"
A
Un
ip
lan
a
r
Co
m
p
a
c
t
P
h
o
to
n
ic
-
b
a
n
d
g
a
p
(UC
-
P
BG
)
S
tru
c
tu
re
a
n
d
it
s
Ap
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
s
f
o
r
M
icro
w
a
v
e
Circu
it
s
"
,
IEE
E
T
ra
n
s
.
M
icr
o
w.
T
h
e
o
ry
T
e
c
h
.
,
v
o
l.
4
7
,
n
o
.
8
,
p
p
.
1
5
0
9
-
1
5
1
4
,
1
9
9
9
.
[5
]
R.
G
o
n
z
a
lo
,
e
t
a
l
.,
"
En
h
a
n
c
e
d
P
a
tch
-
a
n
ten
n
a
P
e
rf
o
rm
a
n
c
e
b
y
S
u
p
p
re
ss
in
g
su
rf
a
c
e
wa
v
e
s
u
sin
g
P
h
o
to
n
ic
-
b
a
n
d
g
a
p
S
u
b
stra
tes
"
,
IEE
E
T
ra
n
s
.
M
icr
o
w.
T
h
e
o
ry
T
e
c
h
.
,
v
o
l.
4
7
,
n
o
.
1
1
,
p
p
.
2
1
3
1
-
2
1
3
8
,
1
9
9
9
.
[6
]
J.
S
.
Co
l
b
u
r
n
,
"
P
a
tch
A
n
ten
n
a
s
o
n
Ex
tern
a
ll
y
P
e
rf
o
ra
ted
h
ig
h
Die
lec
tri
c
Co
n
sta
n
t
S
u
b
stra
tes
"
,
IEE
E
T
ra
n
s
.
An
ten
n
a
s P
r
o
p
a
g
.
,
v
o
l.
4
7
,
n
o
.
1
2
,
p
p
.
1
7
8
5
-
1
7
9
4
,
1
9
9
9
.
[7
]
A
.
M
.
S
.
Dia
z
,
e
t
a
l
.,
"
A
n
a
l
y
sis
a
n
d
D
e
sig
n
o
f
El
e
c
tro
m
a
g
n
e
ti
c
Ba
n
d
G
a
p
S
tru
c
tu
re
s
w
it
h
A
p
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
in
P
la
n
a
r
A
n
te
n
n
a
s
"
,
2
0
1
7
4
2
n
d
I
n
t.
C
o
n
f
.
I
n
fra
re
d
,
M
il
l
ime
ter
,
T
e
ra
h
e
rtz W
a
v
e
s
,
p
p
.
1
-
2
,
2
0
1
7
.
[8
]
M
.
S
.
M
.
Isa
e
t
a
l
.
,
"
A
n
ten
n
a
B
e
a
m
S
tee
r
in
g
u
sin
g
S
e
c
to
rize
d
S
q
u
a
re
EBG
"
,
J
.
T
e
lec
o
mm
u
n
.
El
e
c
tro
n
.
Co
mp
u
t
.
En
g
.
,
v
o
l.
4
,
n
o
.
1
,
p
p
.
3
9
-
4
4
,
2
0
1
2
.
[9
]
M
.
S
.
M
o
h
a
m
a
d
Is
a
,
et
al
.,
"
A
n
ten
n
a
P
a
tt
e
rn
Div
e
rsity
u
sin
g
EBG
"
,
2
0
1
0
L
o
u
g
h
b
rg
h
.
A
n
ten
n
a
s
Pro
p
a
g
.
Co
n
f
.
L
AP
C
2
0
1
0
,
N
o
v
e
mb
e
r
,
p
p
.
3
2
5
-
3
2
8
,
2
0
1
0
.
[1
0
]
S
.
Ch
e
n
,
e
t
a
l
.,
"
S
t
u
d
y
o
n
Ra
d
i
a
ti
o
n
P
e
rf
o
rm
a
n
c
e
s
o
f
Dip
o
le
An
ten
n
a
w
it
h
Dia
m
o
n
d
-
stru
c
tu
re
EBG
S
u
b
stra
te
F
a
b
rica
ted
b
y
3
D
P
rin
t
in
g
T
e
c
h
n
i
q
u
e
"
,
In
t
.
J
.
A
p
p
l
.
Ce
ra
m.
T
e
c
h
n
o
l.
,
Ja
n
u
a
ry
,
p
p
.
1
-
5
,
2
0
1
8
.
[1
1
]
A
.
A
lt
a
f
,
M
.
A
.
A
lsu
n
a
id
i,
a
n
d
E.
A
rv
a
s,
"
A
No
v
e
l
EB
G
S
tru
c
tu
re
to
Im
p
ro
v
e
Iso
latio
n
in
M
IM
O
A
n
ten
n
a
,
"
IEE
E
,
F
r
e
q
u
e
n
c
y
(
G
H
z
)
5
.
4
5
.
6
5
.
8
6
.
0
6
.
2
6
.
4
|
E
f
f
i
c
i
e
n
c
y
|
0
.
0
0
.
2
0
.
4
0
.
6
0
.
8
1
.
0
W
i
t
h
E
B
G
W
i
t
h
o
u
t
E
B
G
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J
E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
I
SS
N:
2088
-
8708
Mu
s
h
r
o
o
m
-
Like
E
B
G
to
I
mp
r
o
ve
P
a
tch
A
n
ten
n
a
P
erfo
r
ma
n
ce
fo
r
C
-
B
a
n
d
S
a
tellite …
(
M.
K
.
A
b
d
u
lh
a
mee
d
)
3881
p
p
.
1
0
5
–
1
0
6
,
2
0
1
7
.
[1
2
]
W
.
Eb
g
a
n
d
V
.
Re
f
lec
to
r,
"
Ga
in
Im
p
ro
v
e
m
e
n
t
o
f
M
S
A
s
A
rr
a
y
b
y
V
sin
g
Cu
rv
e
d
"
,
I
n
t.
E
lec
tr.
En
g
.
Co
n
g
r.
I
EE
E
,
p
p
.
4
-
7
,
2
0
1
4
.
[1
3
]
S
.
Ya
m
in
i
a
n
d
B.
P
a
n
jav
a
rn
a
m
,
"
M
icro
strip
P
a
tch
A
n
ten
n
a
In
te
g
ra
ted
w
it
h
EBG
"
,
Pro
c
.
2
0
1
7
2
n
d
I
n
t.
Co
n
f
.
Co
mp
u
t
.
Co
mm
u
n
.
T
e
c
h
n
o
l.
ICC
CT
2
0
1
7
,
p
p
.
4
1
-
4
5
,
2
0
1
7
.
[1
4
]
J.
Zaid
,
e
t
al
.
,
"
M
in
iat
u
rize
d
M
i
c
ro
strip
P
a
tch
A
n
ten
n
a
u
si
n
g
El
e
c
tro
m
a
g
n
e
ti
c
Ba
n
d
G
a
p
(EBG
)
stru
c
tu
re
s
f
o
r
M
u
lt
i
p
o
rt
P
a
ss
iv
e
UH
F
RF
ID
-
T
a
g
A
p
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
s
"
,
IEE
E
,
p
p
.
2
4
5
9
-
2
4
6
0
,
2
0
1
7
.
[1
5
]
P
.
Ko
v
á
c
s
a
n
d
T
.
Urb
a
n
e
c
,
"
E
lec
tro
m
a
g
n
e
ti
c
Ba
n
d
Ga
p
S
tru
c
tu
re
s:
P
ra
c
ti
c
a
l
T
ip
s
a
n
d
A
d
v
ic
e
f
o
r
A
n
ten
n
a
En
g
in
e
e
rs
"
,
Ra
d
i
o
e
n
g
in
e
e
rin
g
,
v
o
l.
2
1
,
n
o
.
1
,
p
p
.
4
1
4
-
4
2
1
,
2
0
1
2
.
[1
6
]
G
.
P
.
G
a
u
th
ier,
e
t
a
l
.,
"
M
icro
str
ip
A
n
ten
n
a
s
o
n
S
y
n
th
e
siz
e
d
L
o
w
Di
e
lec
tri
c
-
c
o
n
sta
n
t
S
ub
stra
tes
"
,
IEE
E
T
ra
n
s
.
An
ten
n
a
s P
r
o
p
a
g
.
,
v
o
l.
4
5
,
n
o
.
8
,
p
p
.
1
3
1
0
-
1
3
1
4
,
1
9
9
7
.
[1
7]
D.
S
iev
e
n
p
ip
e
r,
Hig
h
-
Im
p
e
d
a
n
c
e
El
e
c
tro
m
a
g
n
e
ti
c
S
u
rf
a
c
e
s,
Ph
D T
h
e
sis
,
p
.
1
5
0
,
1
9
9
9
.
[1
8
]
Q.
R.
Zh
e
n
g
,
e
t
a
l
.,
"
A
No
v
e
l
Co
m
p
a
c
t
S
p
iral
E
lec
tro
m
a
g
n
e
ti
c
B
a
n
d
-
g
a
p
(EBG
)
S
tru
c
tu
re
"
,
IEE
E
T
ra
n
s.
An
ten
n
a
s
Pro
p
a
g
.
,
v
o
l.
5
6
,
n
o
.
6
,
p
p
.
1
6
5
6
-
1
6
6
0
,
2
0
0
8
.
[1
9
]
O.
Of
a
n
d
H.
M
.
M
.
P
a
tch
,
"
De
sig
n
a
n
d
Op
ti
m
iza
ti
o
n
o
f
h
-
sh
a
p
e
d
M
u
lt
i
-
b
a
n
d
M
icro
str
ip
P
a
tch
A
n
ten
n
a
"
,
I
n
t.
J
.
En
g
.
S
c
i.
M
a
n
a
g
.
Res
.
,
v
o
l.
3
,
p
p
.
2
2
-
2
6
,
2
0
1
6
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.