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[
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T
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A
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Dep
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p
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it
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[
3
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.
T
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lu
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[
4
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a.
So
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r
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y
s
te
m
s
en
ab
le
f
ar
m
er
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i
n
id
en
ti
f
y
i
n
g
t
y
p
e
o
f
d
is
ea
s
es;
m
ak
in
g
t
h
e
r
ig
h
t
d
ec
is
io
n
a
n
d
s
elec
ti
n
g
t
h
e
p
r
o
p
er
tr
ea
tm
en
t.
T
h
e
ex
p
er
t
s
y
s
te
m
s
ar
e
in
telli
g
e
n
t
co
m
p
u
ter
p
r
o
g
r
a
m
s
t
h
at
ar
e
ca
p
ab
le
o
f
o
f
f
er
in
g
s
o
l
u
tio
n
s
o
r
ad
v
ices
r
elate
d
to
s
p
ec
if
ic
p
r
o
b
lem
s
i
n
g
i
v
en
d
o
m
ai
n
,
b
o
th
in
a
w
a
y
an
d
at
a
lev
el
co
m
p
ar
ab
l
e
to
th
at
o
f
h
u
m
an
e
x
p
er
t
in
a
f
ield
.
On
e
o
f
th
e
ad
v
an
tag
e
s
o
f
u
s
i
n
g
E
lectr
o
n
ic
ex
p
er
t
s
y
s
te
m
s
i
s
its
ab
ilit
y
to
r
ed
u
ce
th
e
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
th
at
h
u
m
a
n
u
s
er
s
n
ee
d
to
p
r
o
ce
s
s
,
r
ed
u
ce
p
er
s
o
n
n
el
co
s
ts
a
n
d
in
cr
ea
s
e
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
p
u
t.
An
o
th
er
ad
v
an
ta
g
e
o
f
e
x
p
er
t
s
y
s
te
m
is
th
at
it p
er
f
o
r
m
s
tas
k
s
m
o
r
e
co
n
s
i
s
t
en
tl
y
th
a
n
h
u
m
a
n
ex
p
er
ts
[
5
]
.
T
h
er
e
ar
e
v
ar
io
u
s
k
in
d
s
o
f
ab
n
o
r
m
alit
y
s
tates
p
r
esen
t
o
n
t
h
e
p
lan
ts
leaf
w
h
ic
h
ca
n
b
e
id
en
ti
f
ied
b
y
m
ea
n
o
f
m
a
n
u
al
in
s
p
ec
tio
n
.
T
h
e
i
m
a
g
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
i
n
g
a
n
d
p
atter
n
r
ec
o
g
n
itio
n
tech
n
iq
u
e
s
p
la
y
th
e
w
o
r
t
h
f
u
ll
r
o
le
to
co
n
v
er
t
m
a
n
u
a
l
p
r
o
ce
s
s
to
au
to
m
ate
t
h
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
.
T
h
e
au
t
o
m
a
tic
d
ia
g
n
o
s
i
s
s
y
s
te
m
b
ase
d
o
n
p
lan
t
d
i
s
ea
s
e
f
ea
t
u
r
es
r
ed
u
ce
s
t
h
e
d
ep
en
d
en
c
y
o
n
e
x
p
er
ts
i
n
th
e
ar
ea
c
o
n
ce
r
n
ed
[
6
]
-
[
8
]
.
Dep
en
d
in
g
o
n
th
e
ap
p
licatio
n
,
m
an
y
o
f
t
h
o
s
e
p
r
o
b
le
m
s
m
a
y
b
e
s
o
lv
ed
o
r
at
least r
ed
u
ce
d
b
y
th
e
u
s
e
o
f
i
m
a
g
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
i
n
g
.
Hen
ce
w
e
ar
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
in
g
an
au
to
m
at
ic
cr
o
p
s
d
is
ea
s
e
s
d
et
ec
tio
n
a
n
d
s
o
l
u
tio
n
s
y
s
te
m
(
C
DD
A
S
S)
w
h
ic
h
h
elp
s
a
f
ar
m
er
to
id
en
ti
f
y
t
h
e
d
is
ea
s
e
o
f
cr
o
p
s
an
d
p
r
o
v
id
e
tr
ea
t
m
en
t
f
o
r
h
is
cr
o
p
s
ac
co
r
d
in
g
to
d
is
e
ase
u
s
i
n
g
i
m
ag
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
i
n
g
tec
h
n
iq
u
es
w
it
h
o
u
t
h
elp
o
f
an
y
cr
o
p
s
d
is
ea
s
es
e
x
p
er
t.
T
o
g
et
s
o
lu
tio
n
,
f
ar
m
er
s
j
u
s
t
n
ee
d
to
i
n
s
tall
t
h
e
ap
p
s
i
n
to
t
h
eir
m
o
b
ile
p
h
o
n
e
s
f
o
r
th
e
f
ir
s
t
ti
m
e
a
n
d
u
p
lo
ad
th
e
a
f
f
ec
t
ed
cr
o
p
s
’
i
m
a
g
e
to
d
etec
t
an
d
g
et
s
u
g
g
est
io
n
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
s
y
s
te
m
.
T
h
at
’
s
w
a
y
a
f
a
r
m
er
ca
n
s
a
v
e
ti
m
e,
e
f
f
o
r
ts
an
d
m
o
n
e
y
a
n
d
ca
n
b
e
ten
s
io
n
f
r
ee
.
2.
L
I
T
E
R
AT
U
RE
R
E
VI
E
W
P
r
o
f
.
H.
M.
Desh
m
u
k
h
,
J
ad
h
a
v
San
j
iv
a
n
i,
L
o
h
ar
Ut
k
ar
s
h
a,
B
h
ag
at
Ma
d
h
u
r
i
an
d
Sal
u
n
k
e
S
h
u
b
h
an
g
i.
“
P
lan
t
L
ea
f
Dis
ea
s
e
I
d
en
ti
f
ic
atio
n
S
y
s
te
m
f
o
r
An
d
r
o
id
”.
I
n
ter
n
atio
n
al
J
o
u
r
n
al
o
f
A
d
v
an
ce
d
R
esear
c
h
in
C
o
m
p
u
ter
an
d
C
o
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
E
n
g
i
n
ee
r
in
g
[
9
]
.
I
n
th
i
s
ar
t
icle
th
e
y
h
a
v
e
d
escr
ib
ed
th
e
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
o
f
an
An
d
r
o
id
ap
p
licatio
n
th
at
g
i
v
e
s
u
s
er
s
o
r
f
ar
m
er
s
t
h
e
ca
p
ab
il
it
y
to
id
e
n
ti
f
y
th
e
p
la
n
tlea
f
d
i
s
ea
s
es
b
ased
o
n
th
e
p
h
o
to
g
r
ap
h
s
o
f
p
la
n
t le
av
e
s
ta
k
en
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
a
n
an
d
r
o
id
ap
p
licatio
n
.
Su
f
i
y
an
K
S
h
ek
h
,
A
n
ik
et
B
a
itu
le,
Mili
n
d
Nar
eth
e,
San
g
a
p
p
a
Ma
llad
,
W
ag
h
d
ar
ik
ar
an
d
Dr
.
D
Y
P
atil.
“
Dete
ctio
n
o
f
L
ea
f
D
is
ea
s
es
an
d
Mo
n
ito
r
in
g
t
h
e
Ag
r
ic
u
lt
u
r
al
R
e
s
o
u
r
ce
s
u
s
i
n
g
A
n
d
r
o
id
A
p
p
.
”
I
n
ter
n
atio
n
al
J
o
u
r
n
al
o
f
I
n
n
o
v
ati
v
e
R
e
s
ea
r
ch
in
C
o
m
p
u
ter
an
d
C
o
m
m
u
n
icat
io
n
E
n
g
in
e
er
in
g
[
1
0
]
.
I
n
th
i
s
ar
ticle
th
e
y
h
a
v
e
d
escr
ib
ed
an
d
d
esig
n
ed
a
n
e
w
ar
ch
i
tectu
r
e
f
o
r
r
e
m
o
te
co
n
tr
o
l
o
f
ag
r
icu
ltu
r
e
d
ev
ices
an
d
also
d
etec
tin
g
t
h
e
d
is
ea
s
e
s
o
f
p
lan
t
w
h
ic
h
m
ak
e
m
u
c
h
ea
s
ier
an
d
less
d
ep
en
d
en
t
o
f
t
h
e
co
n
d
itio
n
s
p
r
esen
t
to
f
ar
m
er
s
.
Mr
.
Su
s
h
a
n
t.
S.
C
h
a
v
an
,
Mr
.
Nitesh
.
P.
Satr
e,
Mr
.
R
aj
at
.
R.
Desh
m
an
e,
Mr
.
Su
h
as.
B.
Katk
ar
“
An
d
r
o
id
B
ased
A
p
p
to
P
r
ev
en
t
C
r
o
p
Di
s
ea
s
ed
i
n
Var
io
u
s
Seaso
n
s
.
”
I
n
ter
n
at
io
n
al
R
esear
ch
J
o
u
r
n
a
l
o
f
E
n
g
i
n
ee
r
i
n
g
an
d
T
ec
h
n
o
lo
g
y
[
1
1
]
.
I
n
th
is
ar
ticle
th
e
y
h
a
v
e
d
ev
elo
p
ed
an
an
d
r
o
id
ap
p
licatio
n
f
o
r
a
g
r
icu
l
tu
r
e,
w
h
e
n
an
d
w
h
ich
f
er
tili
ze
r
s
,
p
e
s
ticid
es a
n
d
h
er
b
icid
es a
r
e
u
s
e
d
to
s
av
e
v
ar
io
u
s
cr
o
p
s
f
r
o
m
v
ar
io
u
s
d
is
ea
s
e
s
.
3.
P
RO
P
O
SE
D
M
E
T
H
O
D
3
.
1
.
F
l
o
w
cha
rt
T
h
e
f
lo
w
c
h
ar
t
(
Fig
u
r
e
1
)
d
escr
ib
es
th
e
w
h
o
le
p
r
o
ce
s
s
o
f
th
e
r
esear
ch
.
A
t
f
ir
s
t
u
s
er
h
a
s
t
o
u
p
lo
ad
a
d
ef
ec
ted
cr
o
p
s
im
a
g
e
o
n
th
e
s
y
s
te
m
t
h
en
s
y
s
te
m
w
i
ll
s
e
ar
ch
i
m
a
g
e
r
elate
d
in
f
o
r
m
a
ti
o
n
in
th
e
s
y
s
te
m
d
atab
ase,
if
m
atc
h
t
h
e
u
p
lo
ad
ed
i
m
ag
e
w
i
th
t
h
e
s
y
s
te
m
d
at
ab
ase
it
w
ill
p
r
o
v
id
e
p
o
s
s
ib
le
d
is
ea
s
es
n
a
m
e
w
it
h
s
o
lu
tio
n
,
if
d
o
es n
o
t
m
atc
h
it
w
il
l s
h
o
w
n
o
t
m
a
tch
m
es
s
ag
e.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8708
I
n
t J
E
lec
&
C
o
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p
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g
,
Vo
l.
9
,
No
.
3
,
J
u
n
e
201
9
:
2
1
1
2
-
2
1
2
0
2114
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
Flo
w
c
h
ar
t o
f
cr
o
p
s
d
is
ea
s
es d
etec
tio
n
an
d
s
o
l
u
tio
n
s
y
s
te
m
3
.
2
.
I
nte
rf
a
ce
d
esig
n
T
h
e
F
ig
u
r
e
2
s
h
o
w
s
m
ai
n
p
ag
e
o
f
th
e
s
y
s
te
m
w
h
er
e
u
s
er
s
c
an
ch
o
o
s
e
t
h
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ac
ti
v
ities
in
cl
u
d
in
g
m
e
n
u
ac
ce
s
s
an
d
d
if
f
er
e
n
t c
r
o
p
s
lis
t.
A
u
s
er
ca
n
b
e
ab
le
to
s
ee
s
o
m
e
d
is
ea
s
es lis
t
w
it
h
i
m
a
g
e
as
F
ig
u
r
e
3
.
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
Ho
m
e
p
a
g
e
o
f
cr
o
p
s
d
is
ea
s
es d
etec
tio
n
a
n
d
s
o
lu
tio
n
s
y
s
te
m
Fig
u
r
e
3
.
Dis
ea
s
es
l
is
t p
ag
e
Af
ter
clic
k
i
n
g
a
n
y
ico
n
,
i
m
ag
e
o
f
d
is
ea
s
es,
v
is
ito
r
ca
n
b
e
ab
le
to
f
in
d
s
p
ec
i
f
ic
d
is
ea
s
e
s
y
m
p
to
m
s
w
it
h
s
o
lu
tio
n
s
li
k
e
F
i
g
u
r
e
4
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J
E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
I
SS
N:
2088
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C
r
o
p
s
d
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s
es d
etec
tio
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a
n
d
s
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s
ystem
(
Mo
h
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d
J
a
h
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n
g
ir
A
la
m
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2115
Fig
u
r
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4
.
Dis
ea
s
e
w
i
s
e
s
y
m
p
to
m
an
d
s
o
l
u
tio
n
p
a
g
e
4.
RE
S
E
ARCH
M
E
T
H
O
D
T
h
er
e
ar
e
s
o
m
e
f
u
n
d
a
m
e
n
tal
s
tep
s
:
a.
I
m
ag
e
A
cq
u
is
it
io
n
:
I
m
ag
e
s
o
f
th
e
in
f
ec
ted
leav
e
s
h
a
v
e
ta
k
e
n
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
cr
o
p
s
.
T
h
e
d
atab
a
s
e
h
as
d
i
f
f
er
en
t
t
y
p
es i
m
ag
e
s
o
n
p
lan
t d
i
s
ea
s
es
an
d
th
e
i
m
ag
e
s
ar
e
s
to
r
ed
in
(
.
j
p
g
,
.
p
n
g
)
i
m
ag
e
f
o
r
m
at.
b.
I
m
ag
e
p
r
ep
r
o
ce
s
s
i
n
g
:
I
f
n
o
is
e
s
ar
e
p
r
esen
t
in
i
m
a
g
e,
i
n
ter
e
s
ted
r
eg
io
n
in
th
e
i
m
ag
e
is
n
o
t
clea
r
.
I
n
th
e
i
m
a
g
e
clip
p
in
g
,
s
m
o
o
th
i
n
g
,
en
h
a
n
ce
m
en
t
is
t
h
e
t
h
r
ee
s
tep
s
in
cl
u
d
ed
in
p
r
ep
r
o
ce
s
s
in
g
p
h
a
s
e.
T
h
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
o
f
i
m
a
g
e
co
llectio
n
an
d
lo
ts
o
f
in
f
o
r
m
at
io
n
m
a
y
b
r
in
g
n
o
is
e
w
h
ich
m
ak
e
s
th
e
q
u
al
it
y
o
f
i
m
ag
e
d
r
o
p
p
ed
.
T
o
p
er
f
o
r
m
d
e
m
i
s
i
n
g
d
i
f
f
er
e
n
t
k
in
d
s
o
f
r
ed
u
ctio
n
tec
h
n
iq
u
e
ar
e
ap
p
licab
le.
c.
I
m
ag
e
Se
g
m
e
n
tatio
n
:
I
m
a
g
e
s
eg
m
e
n
tat
io
n
i
s
t
h
e
f
ir
s
t
s
tep
a
n
d
also
o
n
e
o
f
th
e
m
o
s
t
cr
itica
l
tas
k
s
o
f
i
m
a
g
e
an
al
y
s
is
.
A
cc
o
r
d
in
g
to
th
e
r
eg
i
o
n
o
f
in
t
er
e
s
t,
th
e
i
m
a
g
e
w
ill b
e
s
eg
m
en
ted
in
to
d
if
f
er
en
t p
ar
t
s
.
d.
I
m
ag
e
Feat
u
r
e
E
x
tr
ac
tio
n
:
T
h
e
f
ea
tu
r
es
e
x
tr
ac
tio
n
i
s
th
e
i
n
p
u
t
d
ata
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
in
to
s
et
o
f
f
ea
t
u
r
es.
T
h
e
f
ea
t
u
r
e
s
et
w
ill
ex
tr
ac
t
t
h
e
r
e
lev
an
t
i
n
f
o
r
m
atio
n
.
Feat
u
r
e
e
x
tr
ac
tio
n
in
v
o
l
v
es
s
i
m
p
li
f
y
i
n
g
t
h
e
a
m
o
u
n
t
o
f
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
r
eq
u
ir
ed
to
d
escr
ib
e
a
lar
g
e
s
et
o
f
d
ata
ac
cu
r
atel
y
.
e.
I
m
ag
e
cla
s
s
i
f
icatio
n
:
T
h
e
in
te
n
t
o
f
t
h
e
class
if
icatio
n
p
r
o
ce
s
s
is
to
ca
teg
o
r
ize
all
p
ix
el
s
in
a
d
ig
ital
i
m
a
g
e
in
to
o
n
e
o
f
class
e
s
o
r
th
e
m
e.
T
h
e
o
b
j
ec
tiv
e
o
f
im
a
g
e
class
if
icatio
n
is
t
o
id
en
ti
f
y
,
as
a
u
n
iq
u
e
g
r
a
y
le
v
el
(
o
r
co
lo
r
)
,
f
ea
tu
r
es
o
cc
u
r
r
in
g
in
a
n
i
m
a
g
e
in
ter
m
s
o
f
th
e
o
b
j
ec
t
o
r
ty
p
e
th
ese
f
ea
t
u
r
es
ac
t
u
al
l
y
r
ep
r
esen
t
o
n
th
e
g
r
o
u
n
d
.
I
m
a
g
e
class
if
icati
o
n
is
p
er
h
ap
s
th
e
m
o
s
t i
m
p
o
r
tan
t p
ar
t o
f
d
ig
ital i
m
a
g
e
an
al
y
s
is
[
1
2
]
.
5.
B
I
NARY
R
O
B
UST
I
NVAR
I
ANT SC
AL
AB
L
E
K
E
Y
P
O
I
NT
S (
B
RI
SK
)
:
T
H
E
M
E
T
H
O
D
Descr
ip
tio
n
o
f
t
h
e
k
e
y
s
tag
e
s
in
B
R
I
SK,
n
a
m
e
l
y
f
ea
t
u
r
e
d
etec
tio
n
,
d
escr
ip
to
r
co
m
p
o
s
itio
n
an
d
k
e
y
p
o
in
t
m
atc
h
i
n
g
to
th
e
le
v
el
o
f
d
etail
th
at
t
h
e
m
o
tiv
a
ted
r
ea
d
er
ca
n
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
a
n
d
r
ep
r
o
d
u
ce
.
I
t is i
m
p
o
r
tan
t
to
n
o
te
th
at
th
e
m
o
d
u
lar
it
y
o
f
th
e
m
et
h
o
d
allo
w
s
th
e
u
s
e
o
f
t
h
e
B
R
I
SK
d
etec
to
r
in
co
m
b
i
n
a
tio
n
w
it
h
an
y
o
t
h
er
k
e
y
p
o
in
t d
escr
ip
to
r
an
d
v
ice
v
er
s
a,
o
p
ti
m
izi
n
g
f
o
r
th
e
d
esir
ed
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
an
d
th
e
ta
s
k
at
h
an
d
[
1
3
]
.
5
.
1
.
Sca
le
s
pa
ce
k
ey
po
int
det
ec
t
io
n
W
ith
t
h
e
ai
m
o
f
ac
h
ie
v
i
n
g
i
n
v
ar
ian
ce
to
s
ca
le
w
h
ich
is
cr
u
cial
f
o
r
h
i
g
h
-
q
u
a
lit
y
k
e
y
p
o
in
t
s
,
w
e
g
o
a
s
tep
f
u
r
t
h
er
b
y
s
ea
r
ch
in
g
f
o
r
m
ax
i
m
a
n
o
t
o
n
l
y
i
n
t
h
e
i
m
a
g
e
p
lan
e,
b
u
t
also
in
s
ca
le
-
s
p
a
ce
u
s
i
n
g
t
h
e
F
A
ST
s
co
r
es
as
a
m
ea
s
u
r
e
f
o
r
s
a
lie
n
c
y
.
Desp
ite
d
i
s
cr
etizin
g
th
e
s
ca
le
a
x
is
a
t
co
ar
s
er
i
n
ter
v
al
s
th
a
n
i
n
al
ter
n
ati
v
e
h
ig
h
-
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
d
etec
to
r
s
,
t
h
e
B
R
I
SK
d
etec
to
r
esti
m
ates
th
e
tr
u
e
s
ca
le
o
f
ea
c
h
k
e
y
p
o
in
t
i
n
th
e
co
n
tin
u
o
u
s
s
ca
le
-
s
p
ac
e.
I
n
t
h
e
B
R
I
SK
f
r
a
m
e
w
o
r
k
,
t
h
e
s
ca
le
-
s
p
ac
e
p
y
r
a
m
id
la
y
er
s
co
n
s
is
t
o
f
n
o
cta
v
es
c
i
a
n
d
n
in
tr
a
-
o
ctav
es d
i
,
f
o
r
i =
{0
,
1
.
.
.
n
−
1
}
an
d
ty
p
icall
y
n
=
4
.
T
h
e
o
ctav
es
ar
e
f
o
r
m
ed
b
y
p
r
o
g
r
ess
iv
el
y
h
al
f
-
s
a
m
p
li
n
g
th
e
o
r
ig
in
al
i
m
a
g
e
(
co
r
r
esp
o
n
d
in
g
to
c
0
).
E
ac
h
in
tr
a
-
o
ctav
e
d
i
is
lo
ca
te
d
in
-
b
et
w
ee
n
la
y
er
s
c
i
an
d
c
i+
1
(
as
illu
s
tr
ate
d
in
Fig
u
r
e
5
)
.
T
h
e
f
ir
s
t
in
tr
a
-
o
ctav
e
d
o
is
o
b
tain
ed
b
y
d
o
w
n
s
a
m
p
lin
g
th
e
o
r
ig
i
n
al
i
m
a
g
e
c
0
b
y
a
f
ac
to
r
o
f
1
.
5
,
w
h
ile
th
e
r
es
t
o
f
th
e
in
tr
a
-
o
ctav
e
la
y
er
s
ar
e
d
er
iv
ed
b
y
s
u
cc
ess
i
v
e
h
al
f
s
a
m
p
li
n
g
.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
if
t
d
en
o
tes
s
ca
le
th
en
t(
c
i
)
=
2
i
an
d
t(
d
i
)
=
2
i
*
1
.
5
[
5
]
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8708
I
n
t J
E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
,
Vo
l.
9
,
No
.
3
,
J
u
n
e
201
9
:
2
1
1
2
-
2
1
2
0
2116
Fig
u
r
e
5
.
Scale
-
s
p
ac
e
i
n
ter
est
p
o
in
t d
etec
tio
n
Scale
-
s
p
ac
e
in
ter
est
p
o
in
t
d
etec
tio
n
:a
k
e
y
p
o
in
t
(
i.e
.
s
alien
c
y
m
a
x
i
m
u
m
)
is
id
en
t
if
ied
at
o
c
tav
e
c
i
b
y
an
al
y
z
in
g
th
e
8
n
e
ig
h
b
o
r
in
g
s
alie
n
c
y
s
co
r
es
i
n
c
i
a
s
w
el
l
as
in
t
h
e
co
r
r
esp
o
n
d
in
g
s
c
o
r
es
-
p
atch
es
i
n
t
h
e
i
m
m
ed
iatel
y
-
n
ei
g
h
b
o
r
in
g
la
y
e
r
s
ab
o
v
e
an
d
b
elo
w
.
I
n
all
th
r
ee
lay
er
s
o
f
in
ter
est,
th
e
lo
ca
l
s
alien
c
y
m
a
x
i
m
u
m
is
s
u
b
-
p
ix
el
r
e
f
in
ed
b
ef
o
r
e
a
1
D
p
ar
ab
o
la
is
f
itted
alo
n
g
t
h
e
s
ca
le
-
a
x
i
s
to
d
eter
m
i
n
e
th
e
tr
u
e
s
ca
le
o
f
th
e
k
e
y
p
o
in
t.
T
h
e
lo
ca
tio
n
o
f
t
h
e
k
e
y
p
o
in
t
i
s
t
h
en
also
r
e
-
in
ter
p
o
lated
b
et
w
ee
n
th
e
p
atc
h
m
a
x
i
m
a
clo
s
es
t
to
th
e
d
eter
m
in
ed
s
ca
le
[
1
3
]
.
5
.
2
.
K
ey
po
int
des
cr
iptio
n
Giv
e
n
a
s
et
o
f
k
e
y
p
o
i
n
ts
(
co
n
s
i
s
ti
n
g
o
f
s
u
b
-
p
i
x
el
r
ef
i
n
ed
i
m
ag
e
lo
ca
tio
n
s
a
n
d
ass
o
ciate
d
f
lo
atin
g
-
p
o
in
t
s
ca
le
v
alu
e
s
)
,
th
e
B
R
I
S
K
d
escr
ip
to
r
is
co
m
p
o
s
ed
as
a
b
in
ar
y
s
tr
in
g
b
y
co
n
ca
ten
atin
g
th
e
r
esu
lts
o
f
s
i
m
p
le
b
r
i
g
h
t
n
es
s
co
m
p
ar
is
o
n
test
s
.
T
h
is
id
ea
h
as
b
ee
n
d
e
m
o
n
s
tr
ated
i
n
to
b
e
v
er
y
e
f
f
icie
n
t
,
h
o
w
e
v
er
h
er
e
w
e
e
m
p
lo
y
it
i
n
a
f
ar
m
o
r
e
q
u
ali
tativ
e
m
a
n
n
er
.
I
n
B
R
I
SK,
w
e
id
en
ti
f
y
t
h
e
c
h
ar
ac
ter
is
t
ic
d
ir
ec
tio
n
o
f
ea
c
h
k
e
y
p
o
in
t
to
allo
w
f
o
r
o
r
ien
tatio
n
-
n
o
r
m
alize
d
d
escr
ip
to
r
s
a
n
d
h
e
n
ce
ac
h
iev
e
r
o
tatio
n
i
n
v
ar
ia
n
ce
w
h
ic
h
i
s
k
e
y
to
g
en
er
al
r
o
b
u
s
t
n
e
s
s
.
A
ls
o
,
w
e
ca
r
ef
u
ll
y
s
elec
t
th
e
b
r
ig
h
t
n
e
s
s
c
o
m
p
ar
is
o
n
s
w
it
h
t
h
e
f
o
c
u
s
o
n
m
a
x
i
m
izi
n
g
d
escr
ip
tiv
en
e
s
s
[
1
3
]
.
6.
DE
SCR
I
P
T
O
R
M
AT
CH
I
N
G
Ma
tch
i
n
g
t
w
o
B
R
I
SK
d
escr
i
p
to
r
s
is
a
s
i
m
p
le
co
m
p
u
ta
tio
n
o
f
t
h
eir
Ha
m
m
i
n
g
d
is
ta
n
ce
as
d
o
n
e
i
n
B
R
I
E
F:
th
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
b
it
s
d
i
f
f
er
en
t
in
t
h
e
t
w
o
d
escr
ip
to
r
s
i
s
a
m
ea
s
u
r
e
o
f
t
h
eir
d
is
s
i
m
i
lar
it
y
.
No
tice
t
h
at
t
h
e
r
esp
ec
tiv
e
o
p
er
atio
n
s
r
ed
u
ce
to
a
b
itw
i
s
e
XOR
f
o
llo
w
ed
b
y
a
b
it
c
o
u
n
t,
w
h
ic
h
ca
n
b
o
th
b
e
co
m
p
u
ted
v
er
y
ef
f
icien
tl
y
o
n
to
d
a
y
’
s
ar
ch
itect
u
r
es [
1
3
]
.
7.
E
XP
E
R
I
M
E
NT
A
L
RE
SUL
T
S
AND
D
I
SC
USS
I
O
N
7
.
1
.
E
x
per
i
m
ent
a
l
re
s
ult
w
it
h
a
pp
ly
ing
a
lg
o
rit
h
m
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h
e
ex
p
er
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m
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n
t
is
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n
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u
c
ted
i
n
An
d
r
o
id
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y
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te
m
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u
s
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C
v
3
1
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w
h
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ed
i
m
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s
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m
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co
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tec
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w
it
h
B
R
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alg
o
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ith
m
.
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h
e
d
atab
ase
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s
cr
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ted
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er
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.
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B
ac
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B
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Dis
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Stre
ak
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2
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im
a
g
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Fo
o
t
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Dis
ea
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3
8
i
m
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ar
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n
th
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g
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lan
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s
a
m
p
le
s
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w
s
i
n
T
a
b
le
1
)
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J
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lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
I
SS
N:
2088
-
8708
C
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p
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n
d
s
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s
ystem
(
Mo
h
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mma
d
J
a
h
a
n
g
ir
A
la
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2117
T
ab
le
1
.
T
h
e
Sam
p
le
o
f
d
if
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g
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C
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ase
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ted
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p
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ag
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it
h
o
u
r
d
atab
ase
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m
a
g
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As
p
er
B
R
I
SK
alg
o
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it
h
m
’
s
tec
h
n
iq
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es
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e
s
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te
m
ta
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1
0
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k
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ec
ts
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o
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im
a
g
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e.
g
.
class
1
a
n
d
all
d
atab
ase
i
m
a
g
e
s
e.
g
.
cl
ass
2
f
o
r
th
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s
p
ec
if
ic
cr
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p
th
en
it
i
s
co
m
p
ar
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k
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b
j
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b
et
w
ee
n
clas
s
1
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d
class
2
.
A
f
ter
f
in
d
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g
th
e
m
a
tch
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f
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h
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d
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lcu
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p
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tag
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f
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d
.
I
t f
o
llo
w
s
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E
q
u
atio
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(
1
)
:
(
)
(
)
(
1
)
I
f
ca
lcu
lated
p
er
ce
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tag
e
is
ab
o
v
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7
0
th
en
d
is
p
la
y
th
e
m
atc
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ed
i
m
ag
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f
r
o
m
d
atab
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p
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m
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w
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s
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p
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es
s
ag
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“
Up
lo
a
d
ed
ima
g
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is
n
o
t
ma
tch
ed
w
ith
th
e
d
a
t
a
b
a
s
e”.
7
.
2
.
Resul
t
w
i
t
h dev
elo
ped a
pp
s
Me
n
u
b
ar
is
a
u
s
er
i
n
ter
f
ac
e
w
it
h
d
i
f
f
er
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n
t
m
en
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ite
m
li
k
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Dash
b
o
ar
d
as
F
ig
u
r
e
6
,
T
ak
e
P
h
o
to
an
d
Up
lo
ad
P
h
o
to
etc
.
Fig
u
r
e
6
.
Me
n
u
li
s
t
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8708
I
n
t J
E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
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g
,
Vo
l.
9
,
No
.
3
,
J
u
n
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201
9
:
2
1
1
2
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2
1
2
0
2118
Usi
n
g
Up
lo
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P
h
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n
u
,
f
ar
m
er
s
ca
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u
p
lo
ad
af
f
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c
r
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p
s
p
h
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to
to
d
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t
d
is
ea
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d
to
g
et
s
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n
s
.
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o
d
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it,
u
s
er
h
as
t
o
click
Up
lo
ad
P
h
o
to
m
e
n
u
it
e
m
,
a
f
ter
clic
k
i
n
g
h
er
e
u
s
er
s
w
il
l
s
elec
t
s
p
ec
if
ic
cr
o
p
s
.
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f
ter
click
i
n
g
Up
lo
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b
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n
a
p
r
o
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s
s
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g
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s
h
o
w
as
F
ig
u
r
e
7
.
I
f
u
p
lo
ad
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p
h
o
to
m
atc
h
ed
w
ith
s
to
r
ed
im
a
g
es
t
h
e
n
s
u
cc
ess
f
u
l
d
etec
tio
n
r
esu
lt
p
ag
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w
il
l
b
e
s
h
o
w
n
w
i
th
p
o
s
s
ib
le
d
is
ea
s
e
n
a
m
e,
ca
u
s
es
a
n
d
s
o
lu
tio
n
s
(
as ill
u
s
tr
ed
in
F
i
g
u
r
e
8
)
Fig
u
r
e
7
.
Up
lo
ad
I
m
ag
e
P
ag
e
w
it
h
p
r
o
ce
s
s
Dialo
g
Fig
u
r
e
8
.
Su
cc
es
s
f
u
l d
etec
tio
n
r
esu
lt p
ag
e
I
f
u
p
lo
ad
ed
im
a
g
e
d
o
es
n
o
t
m
atch
w
ith
s
to
r
ed
im
a
g
e,
th
e
n
it
w
ill
s
h
o
w
“
SOR
R
Y
!
Y
o
ur
im
a
g
e
is
no
t
m
a
thched
w
ith
o
ur
d
a
ta
b
a
s
e”
m
es
s
ag
e
(
Fi
g
u
r
e
9
)
.
Fig
u
r
e
9
.
Failed
d
etec
tio
n
r
esu
lt p
ag
e
7
.
3
.
Co
m
pa
ri
s
o
n sta
t
e
m
e
nt
W
e
h
av
e
co
m
p
ar
ed
th
e
C
r
o
p
s
Dis
ea
s
es
Dete
ctio
n
a
n
d
So
lu
tio
n
s
y
s
te
m
w
it
h
o
th
er
s
s
y
s
te
m
an
d
g
o
t
th
e
b
etter
,
ef
f
icien
t p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
o
f
th
e
s
y
s
te
m
w
h
ic
h
s
tated
i
n
th
e
T
ab
le
2
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J
E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
I
SS
N:
2088
-
8708
C
r
o
p
s
d
is
ea
s
es d
etec
tio
n
a
n
d
s
o
lu
tio
n
s
ystem
(
Mo
h
a
mma
d
J
a
h
a
n
g
ir
A
la
m
)
2119
T
ab
le
2
.
C
o
m
p
ar
is
o
n
o
f
C
r
o
p
s
Dis
ea
s
es De
te
ctio
n
a
n
d
So
lu
ti
o
n
w
ith
o
t
h
er
s
S
y
s
te
m
s
C
r
i
t
e
r
i
a
C
r
o
p
s Dise
a
se
s
D
e
t
e
c
t
i
o
n
a
n
d
S
o
l
u
t
i
o
n
sy
st
e
m
(
C
D
D
A
S
S
)
P
l
a
n
t
L
e
a
f
D
i
se
a
se
I
d
e
n
t
i
f
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
S
y
st
e
m
f
o
r
A
n
d
r
o
i
d
[
9
]
D
e
t
e
c
t
i
o
n
o
f
L
e
a
f
D
i
se
a
se
s
a
n
d
M
o
n
i
t
o
r
i
n
g
t
h
e
A
g
r
i
c
u
l
t
u
r
a
l
R
e
so
u
r
c
e
s u
si
n
g
A
n
d
r
o
i
d
A
p
p
[
1
0
]
A
n
d
r
o
i
d
B
a
se
d
A
p
p
t
o
P
r
e
v
e
n
t
C
r
o
p
D
i
se
a
se
d
i
n
V
a
r
i
o
u
s
S
e
a
so
n
s
[
1
1
]
En
o
u
g
h
i
n
f
o
r
mat
i
o
n
st
o
r
e
d
i
n
d
a
t
a
b
a
se
a
b
o
u
t
p
l
a
n
t
d
i
se
a
se
s
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e
s
Y
e
s
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e
s
Y
e
s
F
u
l
l
p
a
r
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f
t
h
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d
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se
a
se
s
Y
e
s
No
No
No
M
a
n
y
k
i
n
d
s
o
f
p
l
a
n
t
s
Y
e
s
Y
e
s
Y
e
s
No
Ea
sy
t
o
u
se
Y
e
s
Y
e
s
Y
e
s
Y
e
s
A
c
c
e
ssi
b
i
l
i
t
y
Y
e
s
Y
e
s
Y
e
s
Y
e
s
A
c
c
u
r
a
c
y
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e
s
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Y
e
s
Y
e
s
F
a
st
e
r
t
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su
l
t
Y
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s
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e
s
No
No
D
e
t
a
i
l
s so
l
u
t
i
o
n
Y
e
s
No
No
No
8.
CO
NCLU
SI
O
N
T
h
is
Au
to
m
ated
C
r
o
p
s
Dis
ea
s
es
Dete
ctio
n
a
n
d
So
lu
tio
n
S
y
s
te
m
is
te
s
ted
in
d
i
f
f
er
en
t
An
d
r
o
id
p
h
o
n
e
an
d
it
is
w
o
r
k
i
n
g
n
icel
y
an
d
t
h
e
s
y
s
te
m
i
s
v
er
y
u
s
e
f
u
l
f
o
r
f
ar
m
er
s
esp
ec
iall
y
w
h
o
ar
e
liv
i
n
g
i
n
r
u
r
al
ar
ea
an
d
w
h
er
e
th
e
a
g
r
ic
u
lt
u
r
al
ex
p
er
ts
ar
e
n
o
t
av
ailab
le.
User
ca
n
e
asil
y
u
s
e
th
i
s
ap
p
licatio
n
.
An
y
p
eo
p
le
ca
n
d
etec
t
an
d
g
et
s
o
lu
t
io
n
an
y
t
i
m
e
u
s
i
n
g
t
h
is
ap
p
licatio
n
.
T
h
e
ap
p
li
ca
tio
n
is
f
r
ee
o
f
co
s
t
an
d
d
o
es
n
o
t
r
eq
u
ir
e
an
y
ad
d
itio
n
al
d
ev
ice.
RE
F
E
R
E
NC
E
S
[1
]
A
.
Bh
a
n
d
ra
li
a
,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
P
o
ly
h
o
u
se
A
g
ricu
lt
u
ra
l
M
a
rk
e
ti
n
g
S
y
st
e
m
Us
in
g
Big
Da
ta
Ha
d
o
o
p
,
”
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
A
d
v
a
n
c
e
s in
Ap
p
li
e
d
S
c
ien
c
e
s (
IJ
AA
S
)
,
v
o
l
.
5,
p
p
.
78
-
8
4
,
2
0
1
6
.
[2
]
H
.
M
iah
,
“
A
g
ricu
lt
u
re
S
e
c
to
r
D
e
v
e
lo
p
m
e
n
t
S
trate
g
y
:
b
a
c
k
g
ro
u
n
d
p
a
p
e
r
f
o
r
p
re
p
a
ra
ti
o
n
o
f
7
t
h
F
iv
e
Ye
a
r
P
lan
,
”
h
tt
p
:
//
ww
w
.
p
lan
c
o
m
m
.
g
o
v
.
b
d
/7
th
-
f
iv
e
-
y
e
a
r
-
p
lan
/
.
[3
]
H
.
S
a
b
r
o
l
a
n
d
S
.
K
u
m
a
r
,
“
Re
c
o
g
n
it
io
n
o
f
T
o
m
a
to
L
a
t
e
Bli
g
h
t
b
y
u
sin
g
DW
T
a
n
d
Co
m
p
o
n
e
n
t
A
n
a
ly
sis
,
”
In
ter
n
a
t
io
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
E
lec
trica
l
a
n
d
C
o
mp
u
ter
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
(
IJ
ECE
),
v
o
l.
7
,
p
p
.
1
9
4
-
1
9
9
,
2
0
1
7
.
[4
]
M
.
S
.
P
.
Ba
b
u
a
n
d
B
.
S
.
Ra
o
,
“
L
e
a
v
e
s
Re
c
o
g
n
it
io
n
Us
in
g
Ba
c
k
P
ro
p
a
g
a
ti
o
n
Ne
u
ra
l
Ne
tw
o
rk
-
A
d
v
i
c
e
F
o
r
P
e
st
a
n
d
Dise
a
se
Co
n
tro
l
On
Cro
p
s
,
”
In
d
ia
Kisa
n
.
Ne
t:
Exp
e
rt A
d
v
iso
ry
S
y
st
e
m
,
2
0
0
7
.
[5
]
J
.
K.
P
a
ti
l
a
n
d
R
.
K
u
m
a
r,
“
P
lan
t
L
e
a
f
Dis
e
a
se
I
m
a
g
e
Re
tri
e
v
a
l
Us
in
g
Co
lo
r
M
o
m
e
n
ts
,
”
IAE
S
I
n
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
r
n
a
l
o
f
Arti
f
icia
l
I
n
telli
g
e
n
c
e
(
IJ
-
AI)
,
v
o
l
.
2,
p
p
.
3
6
-
42
,
2
0
1
3
.
[6
]
B.
L
i,
e
t
a
l
,
“
H
y
p
e
rsp
e
c
tral
id
e
n
ti
f
ica
ti
o
n
o
f
ric
e
d
ise
a
s
e
s
a
n
d
p
e
sts
b
a
se
d
o
n
p
rin
c
ip
a
l
c
o
m
p
o
n
e
n
t
a
n
a
l
y
sis
a
n
d
p
ro
b
a
b
il
isti
c
n
e
u
ra
l
n
e
tw
o
rk
,
”
T
ra
n
sa
c
ti
o
n
s
o
f
t
h
e
CS
AE
,
v
o
l
.
5,
p
p
.
1
4
3
-
1
4
7
,
2
0
0
9
.
[7
]
H.
Jie
,
“
A
p
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
o
f
P
CA
M
e
th
o
d
o
n
P
e
st
I
n
f
o
rm
a
ti
o
n
De
tec
ti
o
n
o
f
El
e
c
tro
n
ic
N
o
se
,
”
IEE
E
in
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
Co
n
fer
e
n
c
e
o
n
In
f
o
rm
a
ti
o
n
Acq
u
i
siti
o
n
.
W
e
ih
a
i,
S
h
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n
d
o
n
g
,
C
h
in
a
,
p
p
.
1
4
5
6
-
1
4
6
8
,
2
0
0
6
.
[8
]
M
.
M
.
S
e
i
n
l,
e
t
a
l
.
,
“
A
u
th
e
n
ti
c
a
ti
o
n
s
o
f
M
y
a
n
m
a
r
Na
ti
o
n
a
l
Re
g
istratio
n
Ca
rd
,
”
I
n
d
o
n
e
si
a
n
J
o
u
r
n
a
l
o
f
El
e
c
trica
l
En
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
a
n
d
I
n
fo
rm
a
ti
c
s (
IJ
EE
I),
v
o
l.
2,
p
p
.
5
3
-
5
8
,
2
0
1
3
.
[9
]
H.
M.
De
sh
m
u
k
h
,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
P
lan
t
L
e
a
f
Dis
e
a
se
Id
e
n
ti
f
ic
a
ti
o
n
S
y
ste
m
f
o
r
A
n
d
ro
i
d
,
”
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
Ad
v
a
n
c
e
d
Res
e
a
rc
h
in
Co
mp
u
ter
a
n
d
Co
mm
u
n
ica
t
io
n
En
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
,
v
o
l.
5
,
p
p
.
3
9
6
-
3
9
8
,
2
0
1
6
.
[1
0
]
S
.
K
.
S
h
e
k
h
,
e
t
a
l
.
,
“
De
tec
ti
o
n
o
f
L
e
a
f
Dis
e
a
se
s
a
n
d
M
o
n
it
o
rin
g
t
h
e
A
g
ricu
lt
u
ra
l
Re
so
u
rc
e
s
u
sin
g
A
n
d
ro
id
A
p
p
,
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ter
n
a
t
io
n
a
l
J
o
u
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l
o
f
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n
o
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ti
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rc
h
in
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o
mp
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ter
a
n
d
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mm
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n
ica
ti
o
n
E
n
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
,
v
o
l.
3
,
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p
.
9
5
4
0
-
9
5
4
7
,
2
0
1
5
.
[1
1
]
S
.
S.
C
h
a
v
a
n
,
e
t
a
l
.
,
“
A
n
d
ro
i
d
B
a
se
d
A
p
p
to
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re
v
e
n
t
Cro
p
Dise
a
se
d
in
V
a
rio
u
s
S
e
a
so
n
s
,
”
I
n
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
Res
e
a
rc
h
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
E
n
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
a
n
d
T
e
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
(
IRJET
),
v
o
l
.
3
,
p
p
.
1
0
5
2
-
1
0
5
5
,
2
0
1
6
.
[1
2
]
P
.
L.
Ka
m
b
le
a
n
d
A
.
C.
P
ise
,
“
Re
v
ie
w
o
n
A
g
ricu
lt
u
ra
l
P
lan
t
Dise
a
se
D
e
tec
ti
o
n
b
y
u
sin
g
I
m
a
g
e
P
ro
c
e
ss
in
g
,
”
In
ter
n
a
t
io
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
L
a
tes
t
T
r
e
n
d
s in
En
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
a
n
d
T
e
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
(
IJ
L
T
ET
)
,
v
o
l
.
7
,
p
p
.
3
3
5
-
3
3
9
,
2
0
1
6
.
[1
3
]
S
.
L
e
u
ten
e
g
g
e
r,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
BRIS
K:
Bin
a
ry
Ro
b
u
st
In
v
a
rian
t
S
c
a
lab
le
Ke
y
p
o
in
ts
,
”
IEE
E
I
n
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
Co
n
fer
e
n
c
e
o
n
Co
mp
u
ter
V
isio
n
,
ICCV
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0
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1
,
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rc
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lo
n
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,
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a
i
n
,
p
p
.
2
5
4
8
-
2
5
5
5
,
2
0
1
1
.
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O
G
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H
I
E
S O
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AUTH
O
RS
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o
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m
m
a
d
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h
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n
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ir
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wa
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o
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n
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n
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tag
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p
lete
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ra
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S
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in
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)
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ro
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th
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rsity
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tern
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ti
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n
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l
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u
rn
a
ls
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I
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tern
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.