I
nte
rna
t
io
na
l J
o
urna
l o
f
E
lect
rica
l a
nd
Co
m
p
ute
r
E
ng
in
ee
ring
(
I
J
E
CE
)
Vo
l.
8
,
No
.
4
,
A
u
g
u
s
t
201
8
,
p
p
.
2
5
3
1
~
2
5
3
9
I
SS
N:
2
0
8
8
-
8708
,
DOI
: 1
0
.
1
1
5
9
1
/
i
j
ec
e
.
v8
i
4
.
p
p
2
5
3
1
-
2539
2531
J
o
ur
na
l ho
m
ep
a
g
e
:
h
ttp
:
//ia
e
s
co
r
e
.
co
m/
jo
u
r
n
a
ls
/in
d
ex
.
p
h
p
/
I
JE
C
E
Dielect
ric R
eso
na
tor Ref
lectarra
y
Antenna
Unit
Cel
ls
for 5
G
Applica
tio
ns
Nur
F
a
zr
ee
n
Sa
llehu
d
din
1
,
M
o
hd
H
a
iza
l
J
a
m
a
lud
din
2
,
M
uh
a
mm
a
d
R
a
m
lee
K
a
m
a
r
ud
in
3
,
M
uh
a
mm
a
d H
a
s
hi
m
Da
hri
4
,
S
it
i
U
m
a
ira
h
T
a
j
o
l A
nu
a
r
5
1,
2,
4,
5
W
irele
ss
Co
m
m
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
Ce
n
tre,
Un
iv
e
rsiti
T
e
k
n
o
lo
g
i
M
a
lay
s
ia,
Jo
h
o
r,
M
a
lay
sia
3
Ce
n
tre f
o
r
El
e
c
tro
n
ic W
a
rf
a
re
,
In
f
o
r
m
a
ti
o
n
a
n
d
Cy
b
e
r,
C
ra
n
f
ield
Un
iv
e
rsity
,
UK
Art
icle
I
nfo
AB
ST
RAC
T
A
r
ticle
his
to
r
y:
R
ec
eiv
ed
J
an
27
,
2
0
1
8
R
ev
i
s
ed
Ma
y
30
,
2
0
1
8
A
cc
ep
ted
J
un
8
,
2
0
1
8
T
h
is
p
a
p
e
r
p
re
se
n
ts
a
n
in
v
e
stig
a
ti
o
n
f
o
r
t
h
e
p
e
rf
o
rm
a
n
c
e
c
o
m
p
a
ris
o
n
o
f
th
re
e
d
if
fe
re
n
t
u
n
it
c
e
ll
c
o
n
f
ig
u
ra
ti
o
n
s
o
p
e
ra
ti
n
g
a
t
2
6
G
Hz
f
o
r
5
G
a
p
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
s.
T
h
e
u
n
it
c
e
ll
s
a
re
c
ro
ss
sh
a
p
e
d
ie
lec
tri
c
re
so
n
a
to
r,
c
ro
ss
m
icro
strip
p
a
tch
a
n
d
c
ro
ss
h
y
b
rid
d
iele
c
tri
c
re
so
n
a
to
r
.
V
e
rif
ica
ti
o
n
o
f
th
e
c
o
m
p
a
riso
n
h
a
s
b
e
e
n
d
o
n
e
b
y
si
m
u
latio
n
s
u
sin
g
c
o
m
m
e
rc
ial
Co
m
p
u
ter
S
im
u
latio
n
Tec
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
M
icro
w
a
v
e
S
tu
d
i
o
(CS
T
M
W
S
).
T
h
e
sim
u
late
d
re
su
lt
s
f
o
r
re
f
l
e
c
t
io
n
p
h
a
se
,
slo
p
e
v
a
riatio
n
,
re
f
lec
ti
o
n
l
o
ss
a
n
d
1
0
%
b
a
n
d
w
id
th
w
e
re
a
n
a
l
y
z
e
d
a
n
d
c
o
m
p
a
re
d
.
T
h
e
re
su
lt
s
in
d
ica
te
th
a
t
th
e
o
p
ti
m
u
m
c
o
n
f
i
g
u
ra
ti
o
n
t
o
b
e
d
e
p
lo
y
e
d
f
o
r
th
e
re
f
le
c
tarra
y
’s
u
n
it
e
lem
e
n
t
in
o
r
d
e
r
to
f
u
lf
il
l
th
e
5
G
re
q
u
irem
e
n
ts
o
f
a
w
id
e
b
a
n
d
w
id
th
is
th
e
c
ro
ss
h
y
b
rid
DRA
.
T
h
is
c
o
n
f
ig
u
ra
ti
o
n
is
a
c
o
m
b
in
a
ti
o
n
o
f
c
ro
ss
DR
A
w
it
h
c
ro
ss
m
icro
strip
p
a
tch
a
s
th
e
p
a
ra
siti
c
e
le
m
e
n
t
in
o
rd
e
r
to
tu
n
e
th
e
p
h
a
se
a
n
d
p
ro
v
id
e
a
w
id
e
p
h
a
se
ra
n
g
e
w
it
h
s
m
o
o
th
v
a
riatio
n
slo
p
e
.
Cro
ss
h
y
b
rid
DRA
p
ro
v
id
e
d
a
w
id
e
p
h
a
se
ra
n
g
e
o
f
5
2
0
°
w
it
h
0
.
7
7
d
B
lo
ss
a
n
d
1
0
%
b
a
n
d
w
id
th
o
f
1
6
0
M
Hz
.
K
ey
w
o
r
d
:
C
r
o
s
s
m
ic
r
o
s
tr
ip
p
atch
DR
A
r
ef
lec
tar
r
a
y
P
h
ase
r
an
g
e
R
ef
lec
tio
n
lo
s
s
Un
it c
ell
Co
p
y
rig
h
t
©
2
0
1
8
In
stit
u
te o
f
A
d
v
a
n
c
e
d
E
n
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
a
n
d
S
c
ien
c
e
.
Al
l
rig
h
ts
re
se
rv
e
d
.
C
o
r
r
e
s
p
o
nd
ing
A
uth
o
r
:
Nu
r
Fazr
ee
n
Sa
lleh
u
d
d
in
,
W
ir
eless
C
o
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
C
e
n
tr
e,
Un
i
v
er
s
iti
T
ek
n
o
lo
g
i M
ala
y
s
ia
,
8
1
3
1
0
J
o
h
o
r
B
ah
r
u
,
J
o
h
o
r
,
Ma
la
y
s
ia.
E
m
ail:
n
f
az
r
ee
n
7
@
l
iv
e.
u
t
m
.
m
y
1.
I
NT
RO
D
UCT
I
O
N
W
ir
eless
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
s
y
s
t
e
m
s
h
av
e
b
ee
n
g
r
o
w
in
g
r
ap
id
ly
e
v
o
l
v
in
g
f
r
o
m
f
ir
s
t
g
e
n
er
ati
o
n
(
1
G)
to
f
i
f
th
g
en
er
atio
n
(
5
G)
.
I
t
is
w
i
d
ely
a
g
r
ee
d
th
at
co
m
p
ar
e
to
f
o
u
r
th
g
e
n
er
atio
n
(
4
G)
n
et
w
o
r
k
,
th
e
5
G
n
et
w
o
r
k
s
h
o
u
ld
ac
h
ie
v
e
1
0
0
0
ti
m
es
t
h
e
s
y
s
te
m
ca
p
ac
it
y
,
1
0
ti
m
e
s
t
h
e
s
p
ec
tr
al
e
f
f
ic
ien
c
y
a
n
d
en
er
g
y
e
f
f
icie
n
c
y
[
1
]
.
T
h
e
f
o
u
r
th
g
e
n
er
atio
n
(
4
G)
w
i
r
eless
co
m
m
u
n
icat
io
n
s
y
s
te
m
s
h
av
e
b
ee
n
d
ep
lo
y
ed
in
m
a
n
y
co
u
n
tr
ies,
a
n
d
n
o
w
4
G
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
is
r
ea
c
h
in
g
m
atu
r
it
y
[
2
]
.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
th
e
w
ir
eless
s
y
s
te
m
d
esi
g
n
er
s
an
d
t
h
e
r
esear
ch
er
s
h
av
e
s
tar
ted
r
esear
ch
o
n
t
h
e
5
G
w
i
r
eless
s
y
s
te
m
t
h
at
w
i
ll
p
r
o
v
id
e
v
er
y
h
i
g
h
s
p
ee
d
s
an
d
e
f
f
ici
en
t
u
s
e
o
f
a
v
ailab
le
b
an
d
w
id
t
h
w
it
h
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
s
p
ec
tr
u
m
f
r
o
m
3
GHz
to
3
0
0
GHz
.
W
id
e
b
an
d
w
id
th
i
s
th
e
m
o
s
t
e
f
f
ec
tiv
e
a
n
d
s
tr
aig
h
t
f
o
r
w
ar
d
m
et
h
o
d
to
p
r
o
v
id
e
th
e
f
o
r
esee
n
d
ata
d
e
m
a
n
d
s
f
o
r
5
G
s
er
v
ice
s
e
x
p
ec
ted
to
b
e
co
m
m
er
ciall
y
av
ailab
le
i
n
2
0
2
0
an
d
b
e
y
o
n
d
[
3
]
.
I
n
co
n
j
u
n
ctio
n
w
i
th
5
G
s
y
s
te
m
s
,
t
h
e
m
o
s
t
i
m
p
o
r
tan
t
co
m
p
o
n
en
ts
th
a
t
h
av
e
to
b
e
tak
en
in
to
ac
co
u
n
t
i
n
o
r
d
er
to
u
s
e
a
r
ef
lecta
r
r
ay
an
te
n
n
a
f
o
r
h
i
g
h
d
ata
r
ate
ap
p
licatio
n
is
its
b
an
d
w
id
th
an
d
g
ai
n
[
2
]
.
R
ef
l
ec
tar
r
a
y
a
n
ten
n
as
co
m
b
in
e
s
o
m
e
o
f
th
e
b
e
s
t
f
ea
tu
r
e
s
an
d
p
o
s
i
tiv
e
ch
ar
ac
ter
i
s
tic
o
f
r
e
f
lecto
r
an
d
p
h
ased
ar
r
ay
s
an
te
n
n
a
[
4
]
,
[
5
]
.
I
t
c
o
n
s
is
t
s
o
f
an
ar
r
ay
o
f
el
e
m
en
tar
y
an
te
n
n
a
ex
cited
b
y
a
f
ee
d
as
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
T
h
e
f
ee
d
is
p
o
s
itio
n
ed
at
th
e
f
o
ca
l
d
is
tan
ce
o
f
th
e
ar
r
ay
an
d
n
o
r
m
a
ll
y
m
ea
s
u
r
ed
in
f
/D
r
atio
w
h
er
e
f
is
th
e
d
i
s
ta
n
ce
b
et
w
ee
n
t
h
e
f
ee
d
an
d
th
e
r
ef
lecta
r
r
a
y
w
h
er
ea
s
D
is
t
h
e
m
a
x
i
m
u
m
le
n
g
th
o
f
th
e
r
e
f
lecta
r
r
a
y
[
6
]
-
[
8
]
.
A
s
n
o
f
ee
d
in
g
n
et
w
o
r
k
is
r
eq
u
ir
e
d
in
r
ef
lecta
r
r
a
y
,
lo
s
s
es
ca
n
b
e
r
ed
u
ce
d
.
T
h
is
an
ten
n
a
is
ab
le
to
r
er
ad
iate
an
d
s
ca
tter
th
e
i
n
cid
en
t
w
a
v
es
co
m
in
g
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
f
e
ed
w
it
h
elec
tr
ical
p
h
a
s
es
t
h
at
ar
e
r
eq
u
ir
ed
to
f
o
r
m
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8708
I
n
t J
E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
,
Vo
l.
8
,
No
.
4
,
A
u
g
u
s
t
2018
:
2
5
3
1
–
2
5
3
9
2532
a
p
lan
ar
p
h
ase
f
r
o
n
t
in
th
e
f
ar
-
f
ie
ld
d
is
tan
ce
in
to
th
e
d
es
ir
ed
d
ir
ec
tio
n
.
On
e
o
f
th
e
e
s
s
en
tia
l
p
ar
ts
o
f
th
e
r
ef
lecta
r
r
a
y
is
to
d
esi
g
n
th
e
p
r
ec
is
e
ch
ar
ac
ter
izatio
n
o
f
th
e
u
n
i
t
ele
m
e
n
t
s
b
y
d
ep
en
d
s
o
n
th
e
u
n
it
ele
m
e
n
t
’
s
g
eo
m
etr
y
to
p
r
ed
ict
th
e
p
h
ase
-
s
h
i
f
t
ac
cu
r
atel
y
.
A
n
i
m
p
o
r
tan
t
asp
ec
t
o
f
r
ef
lecta
r
r
a
y
a
n
a
l
y
s
i
s
w
h
ich
ar
e
th
e
r
ad
iatio
n
p
atter
n
s
o
n
l
y
ca
n
b
e
ev
alu
ated
o
n
ce
t
h
e
u
n
it
el
e
m
en
t
h
a
s
b
ee
n
f
u
ll
y
ch
ar
ac
ter
ize
an
d
th
e
f
u
l
l
r
ef
lecta
r
r
a
y
an
ten
n
a
is
d
esi
g
n
e
d
[
9
]
.
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
R
ef
lecta
r
r
a
y
a
n
te
n
n
a
w
o
r
k
i
n
g
p
r
in
cip
le
I
n
th
e
ea
r
l
y
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
o
f
r
ef
lecta
r
r
a
y
a
n
ten
n
a,
r
esear
ch
e
r
s
co
n
tr
ib
u
ted
to
d
ev
elo
p
a
u
n
it
ele
m
e
n
t
f
o
r
r
ef
lecta
r
r
a
y
s
b
y
u
s
i
n
g
m
ic
r
o
s
tr
ip
d
u
e
to
t
h
eir
ad
v
a
n
ta
g
es
s
u
c
h
a
s
ea
s
y
d
ep
lo
y
m
e
n
t
in
s
p
ac
e,
r
ed
u
cin
g
co
s
t
p
r
o
d
u
ctio
n
,
lo
w
p
r
o
f
ile,
lo
w
w
ei
g
h
t,
f
lat
n
es
s
a
n
d
b
ea
m
s
te
er
in
g
ca
p
ab
ilit
y
.
Ho
w
e
v
er
,
t
h
e
ef
f
icie
n
c
y
o
f
th
e
m
icr
o
s
tr
ip
at
m
illi
m
eter
w
a
v
e
f
r
eq
u
en
c
ies
m
a
y
d
r
o
p
s
ig
n
i
f
ic
an
tl
y
an
d
t
h
e
co
n
d
u
cto
r
lo
s
s
b
ec
o
m
e
s
s
e
v
er
e.
A
s
a
s
o
lu
tio
n
,
d
ielec
tr
ic
r
eso
n
ato
r
an
ten
n
a
(
DR
A
)
r
ef
lect
ar
r
ay
w
i
th
lo
w
lo
s
s
an
d
h
ig
h
p
h
ase
r
a
n
g
e
w
a
s
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
[
1
0
]
,
[
1
1
]
.
Dielec
tr
ic
r
eso
n
ato
r
(
DR
)
h
av
e
b
ee
n
w
id
el
y
u
s
ed
as
an
te
n
n
a
ele
m
e
n
t
s
tar
ted
in
ea
r
l
y
n
in
etee
n
-
eig
h
ties
,
i
n
w
h
ich
th
e
D
R
is
m
ad
e
o
f
h
ig
h
d
ielec
tr
ic
co
n
s
tan
t
m
ater
ial
t
h
at
ar
e
k
n
o
wn
as
h
ig
h
Q
-
f
ac
to
r
ele
m
e
n
ts
[
1
2
]
.
B
esid
es
as
en
er
g
y
s
to
r
ag
e
d
ev
ices,
d
ielec
tr
ic
r
eso
n
ato
r
s
ca
n
b
e
ef
f
icie
n
t
r
a
d
iato
r
s
[
1
3
]
.
DR
A
h
as
b
ee
n
ex
p
lo
r
ed
f
o
r
d
esig
n
i
n
g
v
ar
io
u
s
r
ef
lec
tar
r
a
y
a
n
ten
n
as
to
ac
h
ie
v
e
lar
g
e
r
ef
lect
io
n
p
h
ase
r
an
g
e,
as
w
e
ll
as lo
w
r
ef
lect
io
n
lo
s
s
.
O
n
e
co
m
m
o
n
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
to
in
tr
o
d
u
ce
p
h
ase
s
h
i
f
ts
to
th
e
r
ad
iatin
g
el
e
m
en
ts
i
s
b
y
v
ar
y
in
g
o
n
e
o
f
its
g
eo
m
etr
ica
l
p
ar
a
m
eter
s
s
u
c
h
as
t
h
e
le
n
g
th
o
f
t
h
e
DR
A
.
Su
c
h
ch
a
n
g
e
w
ill
b
e
co
n
v
er
ted
in
to
a
r
ef
lectio
n
p
h
ase
v
ar
iatio
n
.
H
o
w
e
v
er
,
DR
As
w
it
h
d
i
f
f
er
en
t
s
izes
m
a
k
e
s
t
h
e
f
ab
r
icatio
n
p
r
o
ce
s
s
co
m
p
lex
.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
DR
A
r
e
f
lecta
r
r
a
y
u
n
i
t
ele
m
e
n
t
ca
n
al
s
o
b
e
i
n
co
r
p
o
r
ated
w
ith
v
ar
io
u
s
m
icr
o
s
tr
i
p
ele
m
e
n
ts
s
u
ch
a
s
s
lo
ts
,
p
atc
h
es
a
n
d
s
tr
ip
f
o
r
d
e
s
ig
n
i
n
g
b
r
o
ad
b
an
d
r
ef
lecta
r
r
ay
[
14]
.
Mo
r
eo
v
er
,
m
u
lti
-
r
eso
n
an
ts
ele
m
en
t
s
o
n
a
s
in
g
le
d
ielec
tr
ic
la
y
er
h
a
v
e
b
e
en
s
u
g
g
e
s
ted
i
n
t
h
e
s
e
r
ec
en
t
y
ea
r
s
to
i
m
p
r
o
v
e
b
an
d
w
id
t
h
a
n
d
at
th
e
s
a
m
e
ti
m
e
k
ee
p
th
e
s
i
m
p
le
f
ab
r
icatio
n
p
r
o
ce
s
s
.
Am
o
n
g
t
h
e
m
ar
e
co
p
lan
ar
p
ar
allel
d
ip
o
les,
co
n
ce
n
tr
ic
s
q
u
ar
ed
,
a
co
m
b
i
n
atio
n
o
f
s
q
u
ar
e
p
atch
an
d
s
q
u
ar
e
r
in
g
s
lo
ts
a
n
d
cr
o
s
s
s
h
ap
e
r
in
g
s
[
1
5
]
.
As
a
r
es
u
lt,
it
i
s
p
o
s
s
ib
l
e
to
p
r
o
d
u
ce
r
ef
lectio
n
p
h
ase
r
an
g
e
th
at
m
o
r
e
t
h
an
3
6
0
⁰
,
w
h
ile
ac
h
ie
v
i
n
g
s
m
o
o
t
h
v
ar
iat
io
n
s
lo
p
e.
A
n
o
t
h
er
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
th
at
h
as
a
p
o
s
s
ib
ilit
y
to
i
m
p
r
o
v
e
t
h
e
b
an
d
w
id
t
h
b
y
attai
n
i
n
g
h
i
g
h
p
h
ase
r
an
g
e
f
o
r
th
e
r
ef
lecta
r
r
a
y
’
s
ele
m
e
n
t
i
s
d
u
al
-
p
o
lar
ized
te
ch
n
iq
u
e
[
1
6
]
.
T
h
e
s
elec
tio
n
o
f
t
h
e
p
o
lar
izatio
n
ca
n
b
e
ac
h
ie
v
ed
b
y
u
s
in
g
r
ec
tan
g
u
lar
s
h
ap
es
f
o
r
lin
ea
r
p
o
lar
izatio
n
an
d
s
q
u
ar
e
s
h
ap
e
s
,
cir
cu
lar
s
h
ap
es
o
r
cr
o
s
s
ed
s
h
ap
es
f
o
r
d
u
a
l
o
r
cir
cu
lar
p
o
lar
izatio
n
[
1
2
]
,
[
1
7
]
.
Mo
tiv
ated
b
y
th
e
ab
o
v
e
p
r
ev
io
u
s
r
esear
ch
es
o
n
t
h
e
u
n
it
ce
lls
,
t
h
e
p
u
r
p
o
s
e
o
f
th
i
s
p
ap
er
is
to
in
v
e
s
ti
g
ate
t
h
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
o
f
s
ev
er
al
d
i
f
f
er
e
n
t
u
n
i
t
ce
ll
co
n
f
i
g
u
r
atio
n
s
in
ter
m
s
o
f
th
e
r
ef
lectio
n
ch
ar
ac
ter
is
tic
s
an
d
p
h
ase
r
an
g
e
th
at
w
ill
b
e
th
e
b
asic
b
u
ild
i
n
g
b
lo
ck
o
f
t
h
e
r
ef
lecta
r
r
a
y
i
n
5
G
ap
p
licatio
n
s
at
o
p
er
atin
g
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
o
f
2
6
G
Hz
.
T
h
e
s
p
ec
if
icatio
n
s
a
n
d
c
r
iter
ia
ar
e
f
o
cu
s
o
n
ac
h
ie
v
i
n
g
w
id
e
p
h
a
s
e
r
an
g
e
w
h
ic
h
h
i
g
h
l
y
r
elate
d
to
th
e
lar
g
e
b
an
d
w
id
th
o
f
o
p
er
atio
n
an
d
lo
w
r
ef
lec
tio
n
lo
s
s
.
T
h
e
g
o
al
is
to
d
eter
m
in
e
t
h
e
b
est
ca
n
d
id
ate
to
b
e
d
ep
lo
y
e
d
f
o
r
t
h
e
r
e
f
lecta
r
r
a
y
’
s
u
n
it
ele
m
e
n
t
f
o
r
t
h
e
D
R
A
-
b
ased
r
ef
lecta
r
r
a
y
f
o
r
5
G
ap
p
licatio
n
s
in
ter
m
o
f
w
id
e
b
an
d
w
id
th
,
lo
w
r
ef
lect
io
n
lo
s
s
an
d
ea
s
y
f
ab
r
icatio
n
.
2.
RE
S
E
ARCH
M
E
T
H
O
D
T
h
e
u
n
it
ce
l
ls
o
f
th
e
r
e
f
lecta
r
r
ay
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
in
t
h
is
p
ap
er
f
o
r
th
e
in
v
e
s
ti
g
atio
n
co
n
s
i
s
t
o
f
DR
A
w
it
h
d
ielec
tr
ic
co
n
s
tan
t,
ɛ
r
=
1
0
.
F
o
r
th
e
cr
o
s
s
s
h
ap
e
DR
A
(
C
D
R
A
)
in
co
r
p
o
r
ate
o
f
t
w
o
s
a
m
e
s
ize
s
o
f
r
ec
ta
n
g
u
lar
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J
E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
I
SS
N:
2
0
8
8
-
8708
Dielec
tr
ic
R
eso
n
a
to
r
R
eflec
ta
r
r
a
y
A
n
ten
n
a
Un
it C
ells
fo
r
5
G
A
p
p
lica
tio
n
s
(
N
u
r
F
a
z
r
ee
n
S
a
lleh
u
d
d
in
)
2533
DR
A
(
R
DR
A
)
a
n
d
t
h
e
cr
o
s
s
m
icr
o
s
tr
ip
p
atch
i
n
co
r
p
o
r
ate
o
f
t
w
o
s
a
m
e
s
ize
s
o
f
t
h
e
r
ec
t
an
g
u
lar
p
atc
h
.
T
h
e
r
eso
n
an
t
f
r
eq
u
e
n
cies,
f
0
f
o
r
th
e
R
D
R
A
ca
n
b
e
p
r
ed
icted
b
y
u
s
i
n
g
eq
u
atio
n
d
er
iv
ed
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
Dielec
tr
i
c
W
av
eg
u
id
e
Mo
d
el
[
1
2
]
.
(
)
√
(
)
W
h
er
e
k
z
i
s
th
e
w
av
e
p
r
o
p
ag
a
tio
n
n
u
m
b
er
in
t
h
e
z
-
d
ir
ec
tio
n
,
h
is
th
e
w
id
t
h
i
n
t
h
e
z
-
d
ir
ec
t
io
n
an
d
k
0
is
t
h
e
f
r
ee
s
p
ac
e
w
a
v
e
n
u
m
b
er
.
A
ll
t
y
p
e
s
o
f
t
h
e
u
n
it
ce
ll
h
av
e
b
ee
n
d
es
ig
n
ed
a
n
d
s
i
m
u
lated
b
y
u
s
i
n
g
t
h
e
co
m
m
er
ciall
y
C
o
m
p
u
ter
Si
m
u
latio
n
T
ec
h
n
o
lo
g
y
Mic
r
o
w
a
v
e
St
u
d
io
(
C
ST
MW
S)
s
o
f
tw
ar
e
to
an
al
y
ze
th
e
r
esu
lt
s
an
d
o
b
tai
n
t
h
e
o
p
ti
m
u
m
p
ar
a
m
eter
v
al
u
e.
T
h
e
d
iele
ctr
ic
s
u
b
s
tr
ate
t
h
at
u
s
ed
i
n
t
h
e
s
e
d
esi
g
n
s
is
Du
r
o
id
5
8
8
0
w
it
h
a
th
ic
k
n
e
s
s
0
.
3
8
1
m
m
,
a
p
er
m
itt
iv
i
t
y
o
f
2
.
2
w
it
h
a
lo
s
s
ta
n
g
en
t
o
f
0
.
0
0
0
9
.
Sev
er
al
d
if
f
er
e
n
t
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
b
an
d
s
f
o
r
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
5
G
h
a
v
e
b
ee
n
s
u
g
g
ested
b
y
t
h
eir
ab
ilit
y
to
ac
h
iev
e
t
h
e
r
eq
u
ir
ed
p
r
o
p
er
ties
an
d
f
ea
tu
r
es
[
1
8
]
.
I
n
th
i
s
w
o
r
k
,
th
e
r
eso
n
an
t
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
o
f
2
6
GHz
h
as
b
ee
n
s
elec
ted
f
r
o
m
th
e
f
r
eq
u
e
n
c
y
b
a
n
d
o
f
2
4
.
2
5
GHz
to
2
7
.
5
GHz
f
o
r
d
esig
n
co
n
s
id
er
atio
n
s
.
T
h
e
u
n
it
ce
ll
ele
m
en
ts
ar
e
s
i
m
u
lated
u
s
i
n
g
w
a
v
eg
u
id
e
s
et
u
p
w
it
h
p
er
io
d
ic
b
o
u
n
d
ar
y
co
n
d
itio
n
with
t
h
e
E
-
w
all
(
to
p
an
d
b
o
tto
m
s
u
r
f
ac
es)
an
d
H
-
w
all
(
le
f
t a
n
d
r
ig
h
t sid
es)
to
s
u
p
p
o
r
t a
n
in
cid
en
t p
lan
e
as d
ep
i
ctin
g
in
Fig
u
r
e
2
f
o
r
in
f
i
n
ite
ar
r
ay
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
.
T
h
e
in
cid
en
t
w
a
v
e
is
p
o
s
itio
n
at
t
h
e
to
p
s
u
r
f
ac
e
o
f
t
h
e
w
a
v
eg
u
id
e
an
d
th
e
u
n
it
ele
m
en
t
i
s
p
lace
d
at
th
e
b
o
tto
m
s
u
r
f
ac
e
o
f
th
e
w
a
v
e
g
u
id
e.
I
n
th
e
n
e
x
t s
u
b
s
ec
tio
n
,
th
e
d
esi
g
n
s
o
f
s
e
v
er
al
d
if
f
er
en
t
u
n
it c
ells
ar
e
p
r
esen
ted
.
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
W
av
eg
u
id
e
s
i
m
u
lat
i
o
n
s
etu
p
f
o
r
th
e
u
n
it c
ell
2
.
1
.
Rec
t
a
ng
ula
r
DRA
Fig
u
r
e
3
s
h
o
w
s
t
h
e
d
esi
g
n
c
o
n
f
i
g
u
r
atio
n
o
f
t
h
e
r
ec
tan
g
u
l
ar
DR
A
.
T
h
e
d
esig
n
p
ar
a
m
e
ter
s
af
ter
s
i
m
u
lat
io
n
an
d
o
p
ti
m
izatio
n
ar
e
s
h
o
w
n
in
T
ab
le
1
.
T
h
e
w
id
t
h
o
f
DR
A
,
W
is
f
i
x
ed
at
2
.
4
m
m
w
h
i
le
th
e
len
g
t
h
o
f
DR
A
,
L
is
v
ar
y
i
n
g
f
r
o
m
4
.
5
m
m
to
8
.
0
m
m
.
(
a)
3
D
v
ie
w
(
b
)
T
o
p
v
ie
w
Fig
u
r
e
3
.
R
ec
tan
g
u
lar
DR
A
u
n
it c
ell
T
ab
le
1
.
R
ec
tan
g
u
lar
DR
A
U
n
it C
ell
Des
ig
n
P
ar
a
m
eter
s
P
a
r
a
me
t
e
r
V
a
l
u
e
(
mm
)
L
V
a
r
i
e
s
f
r
o
m 4
.
5
t
o
8
.
0
W
2
.
4
H
2
.
2
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8708
I
n
t J
E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
,
Vo
l.
8
,
No
.
4
,
A
u
g
u
s
t
2018
:
2
5
3
1
–
2
5
3
9
2534
2
.
2
.
Cro
s
s
s
ha
pe
D
RA
T
h
e
d
esig
n
co
n
f
ig
u
r
atio
n
o
f
th
e
cr
o
s
s
s
h
ap
e
DR
A
t
h
at
h
a
v
e
b
ee
n
co
m
b
in
ed
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
t
w
o
r
ec
tan
g
u
lar
DR
A
d
i
m
en
s
io
n
i
s
s
h
o
w
n
in
F
ig
u
r
e
4
.
T
ab
le
2
s
h
o
w
s
t
h
e
o
p
ti
m
ized
d
esi
g
n
p
ar
a
m
eter
s
o
f
t
h
e
cr
o
s
s
D
R
A
.
T
h
e
w
id
t
h
o
f
D
R
A
,
W
is
f
ix
ed
a
t
2
.
4
m
m
w
h
ile
th
e
len
g
t
h
o
f
DR
A
,
L
i
s
v
ar
y
in
g
f
r
o
m
4
.
5
m
m
to
8
.
0
m
m
(
to
co
m
p
ar
e
w
i
th
r
ec
tan
g
u
lar
DR
A
)
a
n
d
v
ar
y
i
n
g
f
r
o
m
1
.
5
m
m
to
8
.
0
m
m
f
o
r
t
h
e
n
e
x
t
s
ec
tio
n
(
to
co
m
p
ar
e
w
it
h
o
th
er
cr
o
s
s
s
h
ap
e
u
n
it c
el
ls
)
.
(
a)
3
D
v
ie
w
(
b
)
T
o
p
v
ie
w
Fig
u
r
e
4
.
C
r
o
s
s
s
h
ap
e
DR
A
u
n
it c
ell
T
ab
le
2
.
C
r
o
s
s
DR
A
Un
i
t Cell
Desig
n
P
ar
a
m
eter
s
P
a
r
a
me
t
e
r
V
a
l
u
e
(
mm
)
L
V
a
r
i
e
s fr
o
m 1
.
5
t
o
8
.
0
W
2
.
4
H
2
.
2
2
.
3
.
Cro
s
s
m
icro
s
t
rip
pa
t
ch
T
h
e
d
im
e
n
s
io
n
o
f
th
e
m
icr
o
s
t
r
ip
p
atch
w
it
h
o
p
er
atin
g
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
o
f
2
6
GHz
w
as
d
eter
m
in
ed
b
y
a
s
er
ies
o
f
a
m
at
h
e
m
atica
l
eq
u
a
tio
n
.
T
h
en
th
e
t
w
o
s
a
m
e
s
ize
s
o
f
th
e
r
ec
tan
g
u
lar
m
icr
o
s
tr
ip
p
atch
ar
e
d
esig
n
ed
in
cr
o
s
s
s
h
ap
e.
T
h
is
u
n
it
ce
l
l
d
esig
n
u
s
i
n
g
cr
o
s
s
m
icr
o
s
tr
ip
p
atch
as
t
h
e
p
h
a
s
e
v
ar
iat
i
o
n
tech
n
iq
u
e.
T
h
e
co
n
f
i
g
u
r
atio
n
o
f
t
h
e
u
n
it
ce
ll
i
s
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
Fi
g
u
r
e
5
an
d
T
ab
l
e
3
s
h
o
w
s
th
e
o
p
ti
m
u
m
p
ar
a
m
eter
s
o
b
tain
ed
.
T
h
e
w
id
t
h
o
f
m
icr
o
s
tr
ip
,
W
P
is
f
i
x
ed
at
1
.
5
m
m
w
h
ile
th
e
len
g
th
o
f
m
icr
o
s
tr
ip
,
L
P
is
v
ar
y
in
g
f
r
o
m
1
.
5
m
m
to
8
.
0
m
m
.
(
a)
3
D
v
ie
w
(
b
)
T
o
p
v
ie
w
Fig
u
r
e
5
.
C
r
o
s
s
m
icr
o
s
tr
ip
u
n
i
t c
ell
T
ab
le
3
.
C
r
o
s
s
Mic
r
o
s
tr
ip
C
ell
Desig
n
P
ar
a
m
eter
s
P
a
r
a
me
t
e
r
V
a
l
u
e
(
mm
)
L
P
V
a
r
i
e
s fr
o
m 1
.
5
t
o
8
.
0
W
P
1
.
5
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J
E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
I
SS
N:
2
0
8
8
-
8708
Dielec
tr
ic
R
eso
n
a
to
r
R
eflec
ta
r
r
a
y
A
n
ten
n
a
Un
it C
ells
fo
r
5
G
A
p
p
lica
tio
n
s
(
N
u
r
F
a
z
r
ee
n
S
a
lleh
u
d
d
in
)
2535
2
.
4
.
Cro
s
s
hy
brid D
RA
T
h
e
co
n
f
i
g
u
r
at
io
n
o
f
t
h
e
cr
o
s
s
h
y
b
r
id
D
R
A
is
s
h
o
w
n
in
Fi
g
u
r
e
6
.
T
ab
le
4
s
h
o
w
s
th
e
u
n
it
ce
ll
d
esi
g
n
p
ar
am
eter
s
af
ter
s
i
m
u
latio
n
a
n
d
o
p
ti
m
izatio
n
.
T
h
is
u
n
it
ce
l
l
co
n
s
is
t
s
o
f
a
cr
o
s
s
s
h
ap
e
D
R
A
co
m
b
i
n
ed
w
i
th
cr
o
s
s
s
h
ap
e
m
icr
o
s
tr
ip
p
atc
h
b
elo
w
t
h
e
cr
o
s
s
DR
A
w
h
er
ea
s
t
h
e
cr
o
s
s
m
icr
o
s
tr
ip
p
atch
as t
h
e
p
ar
asit
ic
ele
m
en
t
to
tu
n
e
t
h
e
p
h
a
s
e
o
f
t
h
e
u
n
it
ce
ll.
Desig
n
i
n
g
DR
A
w
it
h
d
if
f
er
en
t
s
ize
is
al
w
a
y
s
d
if
f
ic
u
lt
to
b
e
im
p
le
m
e
n
ted
[
1
0
]
.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
a
d
esig
n
w
i
th
f
i
x
ed
cr
o
s
s
DR
A
s
ize
w
it
h
th
e
cr
o
s
s
m
icr
o
s
tr
ip
p
atch
as t
h
e
p
ar
asit
ic
ele
m
e
n
t to
tu
n
e
th
e
p
h
ase
r
esp
o
n
s
e
b
y
v
a
r
y
in
g
it
s
le
n
g
th
is
d
esi
g
n
ed
.
T
h
e
w
id
t
h
o
f
DR
A
,
W
i
s
f
i
x
ed
at
2
.
4
m
m
w
h
i
le
t
h
e
len
g
th
o
f
D
R
A
,
L
is
f
i
x
ed
at
8
.
0
m
m
.
O
n
to
p
o
f
t
h
at,
t
h
e
w
id
th
o
f
m
icr
o
s
tr
ip
,
W
P
is
f
i
x
ed
a
t
1
.
5
m
m
w
h
ile
th
e
len
g
th
o
f
m
icr
o
s
tr
ip
,
L
P
is
v
ar
y
in
g
f
r
o
m
1
.
5
m
m
to
8
.
0
m
m
.
(
a)
3
D
v
ie
w
(
b
)
T
o
p
v
ie
w
Fig
u
r
e
6
.
C
r
o
s
s
h
y
b
r
id
D
R
A
u
n
it c
ell
T
ab
le
4
.
C
r
o
s
s
H
y
b
r
id
DR
A
U
n
it C
e
ll De
s
i
g
n
P
ar
am
e
ter
s
P
a
r
a
me
t
e
r
V
a
l
u
e
(
mm
)
L
8
.
0
W
2
.
4
H
2
.
2
L
P
V
a
r
i
e
s fr
o
m 1
.
5
t
o
8
.
0
W
P
1
.
5
3.
RE
SU
L
T
S
A
ND
AN
AL
Y
SI
S
T
h
e
s
elec
ted
d
esig
n
s
h
av
e
b
e
en
an
a
l
y
ze
d
n
u
m
er
icall
y
b
y
u
s
in
g
C
ST
MW
S
s
i
m
u
lat
io
n
to
o
ls
.
I
n
th
is
s
ec
tio
n
,
th
e
r
esu
lts
f
o
r
s
ev
er
al
t
y
p
es
o
f
t
h
e
u
n
i
t
ce
ll
f
o
r
th
e
r
ef
lecta
r
r
a
y
’
s
u
n
it
ce
ll
ar
e
d
is
cu
s
s
ed
in
ter
m
s
o
f
r
ef
lectio
n
p
h
a
s
e
r
an
g
e,
r
ef
lecti
o
n
lo
s
s
an
d
1
0
% b
an
d
w
id
th
.
3
.
1
.
Co
m
pa
riso
n
o
f
t
he
s
i
m
ula
t
e
d r
esu
lt
s
bet
w
ee
n r
ec
t
a
ng
ula
r
DRA
a
nd
cr
o
s
s
s
ha
pe
DRA
T
h
e
t
w
o
m
ain
p
ar
a
m
eter
s
to
s
h
o
w
th
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
o
f
t
h
e
r
ef
lecta
r
r
a
y
’
s
u
n
it
ce
ll
s
ar
e
t
h
e
r
ef
lectio
n
p
h
ase
a
n
d
t
h
e
r
ef
lectio
n
lo
s
s
.
An
i
m
p
o
r
tan
t
p
ar
a
m
eter
t
h
at
i
s
av
a
iled
to
a
n
al
y
ze
th
e
r
ef
lec
t
iv
it
y
a
n
d
b
an
d
w
id
t
h
o
f
r
ef
lecta
r
r
a
y
is
r
e
f
lectio
n
p
h
ase
[
1
9
]
.
Fig
u
r
e
7
s
h
o
w
s
t
h
e
r
ef
lectio
n
p
h
ase
o
f
S
11
f
o
r
r
ec
tan
g
u
lar
DR
A
(
R
DR
A
)
an
d
cr
o
s
s
D
R
A
.
T
h
e
g
r
ap
h
s
c
lear
l
y
i
n
d
icate
th
a
t
cr
o
s
s
DR
A
p
r
o
v
id
es
w
id
er
p
h
ase
r
an
g
e
t
h
a
n
r
ec
tan
g
u
lar
D
R
A
.
T
h
is
i
s
b
ec
au
s
e
t
h
e
cr
o
s
s
DR
A
u
n
it
c
ell
w
it
h
t
w
o
r
eso
n
a
n
ts
ele
m
e
n
t
p
r
o
v
id
e
a
d
u
al
-
p
o
lar
izatio
n
tech
n
iq
u
e
t
h
at
c
o
u
ld
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
l
y
atta
in
h
i
g
h
er
p
h
ase
r
an
g
e
th
a
n
r
ec
tan
g
u
la
r
DR
A
.
T
h
e
p
h
ase
r
an
g
e
a
n
d
s
lo
p
e
v
ar
iatio
n
o
f
b
o
th
t
y
p
es
u
n
it
ce
lls
ar
e
s
u
m
m
ar
ized
in
T
ab
le
5
.
B
ased
o
n
th
e
r
esu
l
t,
th
e
s
lo
p
e
v
ar
iatio
n
o
f
b
o
th
u
n
it
ce
ll
s
ar
e
s
m
o
o
th
w
h
ich
i
n
d
icate
th
at
D
R
A
-
b
ased
u
n
i
t
ce
lls
ca
n
p
r
o
v
i
d
e
w
id
e
b
an
d
w
id
t
h
.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
th
e
cr
o
s
s
DR
A
is
s
elec
ted
to
co
m
b
in
e
w
i
th
m
icr
o
s
tr
ip
f
o
r
f
u
r
t
h
er
s
t
u
d
y
o
n
h
y
b
r
i
d
u
n
it c
ell.
T
ab
le
5
.
P
h
ase
R
an
g
e
a
n
d
Slo
p
e
Var
iatio
n
f
o
r
d
if
f
er
e
n
t Co
n
f
i
g
u
r
atio
n
o
f
D
R
A
Un
it C
ell
s
at
2
6
GHz
Ty
p
e
o
f
U
n
i
t
C
e
l
l
P
h
a
se
r
a
n
g
e
(
d
e
g
r
e
e
s)
S
l
o
p
e
R
e
c
t
a
n
g
u
l
a
r
D
R
A
3
3
2
°
S
l
o
w
C
r
o
ss D
R
A
4
9
7
°
S
l
o
w
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8708
I
n
t J
E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
,
Vo
l.
8
,
No
.
4
,
A
u
g
u
s
t
2018
:
2
5
3
1
–
2
5
3
9
2536
Fig
u
r
e
7
.
P
h
ase
o
f
S
11
f
o
r
r
ec
t
an
g
u
lar
D
R
A
an
d
c
r
o
s
s
D
R
A
u
n
i
t c
ells
3
.
2
.
Co
m
pa
riso
n
o
f
t
he
s
i
m
u
la
t
ed
re
s
ults
f
o
r
t
hree
diff
er
ent
cr
o
s
s
-
s
ha
pe
u
nit
ce
ll
co
nfig
ura
t
io
ns
f
o
r
ba
nd
w
idth e
nh
a
nce
m
e
nt
T
h
e
r
ef
lectio
n
p
h
a
s
e
o
f
S
11
f
o
r
th
r
ee
d
if
f
er
e
n
t
cr
o
s
s
s
h
ap
e
co
n
f
i
g
u
r
atio
n
s
o
b
tai
n
ed
b
y
v
ar
y
in
g
t
h
e
len
g
th
o
f
t
h
e
tu
n
ab
le
p
ar
a
m
et
er
is
p
r
esen
ted
in
Fig
u
r
e
8
.
B
ased
o
n
th
e
r
esu
lts
,
it
ca
n
b
e
s
ee
n
th
a
t
th
e
cr
o
s
s
DR
A
u
n
it
ce
l
l
ex
h
ib
it
h
i
g
h
es
t
r
ef
lecte
d
p
h
ase
r
an
g
e
w
h
ic
h
is
684
°,
f
o
llo
w
ed
b
y
cr
o
s
s
h
y
b
r
id
DR
A
p
h
a
s
e
r
an
g
e
eq
u
al
to
5
2
0
°
an
d
cr
o
s
s
m
icr
o
s
tr
ip
p
atch
p
h
a
s
e
r
an
g
e
is
2
9
8
°.
L
i
m
ited
r
ef
lectio
n
p
h
ase
r
an
g
e
t
h
at
le
s
s
th
an
3
6
0
d
eg
r
ee
s
ca
u
s
es
p
h
ase
er
r
o
r
s
an
d
co
n
s
eq
u
en
tl
y
r
ed
u
ce
s
its
d
ir
ec
ti
v
it
y
th
a
t
w
ill
d
et
er
io
r
ate
th
e
an
te
n
n
a
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
[
9
]
.
Fig
u
r
e
8
.
P
h
ase
o
f
S
11
f
o
r
d
if
f
er
en
t u
n
it c
ell
s
Fig
u
r
e
9
.
R
ef
lect
io
n
lo
s
s
c
u
r
v
es f
o
r
d
if
f
e
r
e
n
t u
n
it c
ell
s
Fo
r
cr
o
s
s
m
icr
o
s
tr
ip
p
atch
ca
s
e,
th
e
g
r
ad
ien
t
s
lo
p
e
o
f
th
e
p
h
ase
v
ar
iat
io
n
v
er
s
u
s
v
ar
iab
l
e
len
g
th
i
s
s
teep
er
th
a
n
th
e
o
th
er
t
w
o
u
n
i
t
ce
lls
.
T
h
is
i
s
ex
p
ec
ted
to
r
es
u
lt
i
n
a
r
ed
u
ce
d
b
an
d
w
id
t
h
[
2
0
]
.
T
ab
le
6
s
h
o
w
s
th
e
p
h
a
s
e
r
an
g
e
a
n
d
g
r
ad
ie
n
t
s
lo
p
e
f
o
r
th
e
s
tr
u
ct
u
r
es
t
h
at
h
av
e
b
ee
n
an
al
y
ze
d
as
th
e
p
o
s
s
ib
le
ca
n
d
id
ate
f
o
r
th
e
d
esig
n
o
f
DR
A
-
b
ased
r
ef
lecta
r
r
ay
.
I
n
ter
m
s
o
f
g
r
ad
ie
n
t
v
ar
iatio
n
,
th
e
s
lo
p
e
o
f
cr
o
s
s
DR
A
a
n
d
cr
o
s
s
h
y
b
r
id
DR
A
u
n
i
t
ce
ll
is
s
m
o
o
t
h
er
th
an
th
e
s
lo
p
e
o
f
cr
o
s
s
m
icr
o
s
tr
ip
p
atch
.
T
h
e
m
o
r
e
g
r
ad
u
a
l
g
r
ad
ien
t
v
ar
iatio
n
o
f
th
e
r
ef
lectio
n
p
h
ase
cu
r
v
e
co
r
r
esp
o
n
d
s
to
th
e
w
id
er
b
an
d
w
id
th
o
f
th
e
u
n
it
ele
m
en
t
[
2
0
]
,
[
2
1
]
.
T
h
e
p
h
ase
r
an
g
e
o
f
th
e
cr
o
s
s
DR
A
is
w
id
er
th
an
cr
o
s
s
h
y
b
r
id
DR
A,
b
u
t
i
n
t
er
m
o
f
f
ab
r
icatio
n
m
atter
,
t
h
e
cr
o
s
s
h
y
b
r
id
D
R
A
w
it
h
f
i
x
e
d
DR
A
is
a
b
etter
o
p
tio
n
th
a
n
cr
o
s
s
DR
A
to
d
ec
r
ea
s
e
th
e
f
ab
r
icatio
n
co
m
p
lex
it
y
d
u
r
i
n
g
a
n
ar
r
a
y
ar
r
an
g
e
m
en
t.
R
ef
lec
tio
n
lo
s
s
o
r
also
k
n
o
w
n
a
s
i
n
s
er
tio
n
lo
s
s
i
n
r
e
f
lect
ar
r
ay
is
an
o
t
h
er
v
ital
p
ar
a
m
e
ter
in
th
e
an
al
y
s
is
o
f
r
e
f
lecta
r
r
a
y
.
No
r
m
all
y
a
r
e
f
lecta
r
r
a
y
a
n
te
n
n
a
al
w
a
y
s
ex
h
ib
it
s
s
o
m
e
lo
s
s
es.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
th
e
r
ef
lectio
n
co
ef
f
icie
n
t
o
r
r
ef
lec
tio
n
lo
s
s
is
m
ea
s
u
r
ed
less
th
a
n
1
d
B
f
o
r
a
r
ef
lecta
r
r
ay
an
d
t
h
e
lo
w
er
lo
s
s
i
s
th
e
b
etter
.
Fig
u
r
e
9
ill
u
s
tr
ates
t
h
e
r
ef
lectio
n
lo
s
s
f
o
r
t
h
e
t
h
r
ee
d
i
f
f
er
en
t
u
n
it
ce
ll
co
n
f
i
g
u
r
atio
n
s
.
I
t
is
d
e
m
o
n
s
tr
ated
in
Fi
g
u
r
e
9
th
at
cr
o
s
s
DR
A
i
s
o
b
s
er
v
ed
to
p
r
o
v
id
e
th
e
lo
w
e
s
t
in
s
er
tio
n
lo
s
s
v
alu
e
o
f
0
.
0
4
d
B
w
h
er
ea
s
th
e
cr
o
s
s
h
y
b
r
id
DR
A
g
iv
e
s
0
.
7
7
d
B
in
s
er
tio
n
lo
s
s
.
W
h
ils
t
th
e
cr
o
s
s
m
icr
o
s
tr
ip
u
n
it
ce
ll
w
ith
1
.
0
5
d
B
g
iv
es
th
e
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J
E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
I
SS
N:
2
0
8
8
-
8708
Dielec
tr
ic
R
eso
n
a
to
r
R
eflec
ta
r
r
a
y
A
n
ten
n
a
Un
it C
ells
fo
r
5
G
A
p
p
lica
tio
n
s
(
N
u
r
F
a
z
r
ee
n
S
a
lleh
u
d
d
in
)
2537
h
ig
h
e
s
t
i
n
s
er
tio
n
lo
s
s
v
a
lu
e.
T
h
is
is
d
u
e
to
t
h
e
d
ielec
tr
ic
r
eso
n
ato
r
ele
m
e
n
t
g
i
v
es
lo
w
l
o
s
s
as
co
m
p
ar
ed
to
m
icr
o
s
tr
ip
ele
m
e
n
t t
h
at
g
iv
e
s
h
ig
h
er
co
n
d
u
c
to
r
lo
s
s
w
h
ic
h
p
r
o
d
u
ce
d
b
y
th
e
m
icr
o
s
tr
ip
p
atch
.
T
h
e
b
an
d
w
id
th
o
f
t
h
e
u
n
it
ce
ll
o
f
th
e
r
ef
lecta
r
r
a
y
ca
n
b
e
ca
lcu
lated
b
y
th
e
r
e
f
lectio
n
lo
s
s
c
u
r
v
e
s
.
T
h
e
b
an
d
w
id
t
h
is
d
eter
m
in
ed
b
y
m
o
v
in
g
1
0
%
ab
o
v
e
th
e
m
a
x
i
m
u
m
r
ef
lect
io
n
lo
s
s
v
al
u
e
[
2
2
]
.
T
h
e
1
0
%
b
an
d
w
id
t
h
o
f
th
e
t
h
r
ee
u
n
it
ce
ll
co
n
f
i
g
u
r
atio
n
s
ar
e
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
T
ab
le
7
.
Fro
m
T
ab
le
7
,
it
s
h
o
w
s
t
h
at
th
e
cr
o
s
s
h
y
b
r
id
DR
A
u
n
i
t
ce
ll
o
f
f
er
s
t
h
e
w
id
er
b
an
d
w
id
t
h
o
f
1
6
0
MH
z
w
h
er
ea
s
th
e
cr
o
s
s
m
icr
o
s
tr
ip
u
n
it
ce
ll
g
i
v
es
a
m
i
n
i
m
u
m
b
an
d
w
id
t
h
o
f
1
3
6
MH
z.
T
h
e
r
esu
lt
s
i
n
d
icate
th
a
t
th
e
cr
o
s
s
D
R
A
u
n
it
ce
ll
g
iv
e
s
t
h
e
lo
w
est
r
ef
lectio
n
lo
s
s
w
i
th
b
r
o
ad
e
r
b
an
d
w
id
th
d
u
e
to
t
h
e
ab
s
en
ce
o
f
co
n
d
u
c
to
r
’
s
lo
s
s
es
an
d
s
u
r
f
ac
e
w
av
e
lo
s
s
es
.
T
ab
le
6
.
P
h
ase
R
an
g
e
a
n
d
Slo
p
e
Var
iatio
n
f
o
r
d
if
f
er
e
n
t Co
n
f
i
g
u
r
atio
n
o
f
U
n
it C
el
ls
at
2
6
GHz
Ty
p
e
o
f
U
n
i
t
C
e
l
l
P
h
a
se
r
a
n
g
e
(
d
e
g
r
e
e
s)
S
l
o
p
e
C
r
o
ss M
i
c
r
o
st
r
i
p
2
9
8
°
F
a
st
C
r
o
ss D
R
A
6
8
4
°
S
l
o
w
C
r
o
ss h
y
b
r
i
d
D
R
A
5
2
0
°
S
l
o
w
T
ab
le
7
.
R
ef
lect
io
n
L
o
s
s
a
n
d
1
0
% B
an
d
w
id
t
h
f
o
r
d
if
f
er
en
t U
n
it C
e
lls
at
2
6
GHz
Ty
p
e
o
f
U
n
i
t
C
e
l
l
R
e
f
l
e
c
t
i
o
n
L
o
ss
(
d
B
)
1
0
%
B
a
n
d
w
i
d
t
h
(
M
H
z
)
C
r
o
ss M
i
c
r
o
st
r
i
p
1
.
0
5
1
3
6
C
r
o
ss D
R
A
0
.
0
4
1
6
1
7
C
r
o
ss h
y
b
r
i
d
D
R
A
0
.
7
7
1
6
0
4.
CO
NCLU
SI
O
N
T
h
e
d
esig
n
co
n
f
i
g
u
r
atio
n
s
w
i
t
h
t
h
r
ee
p
o
ten
tial
cr
o
s
s
s
h
ap
e
u
n
i
t
ce
ll
d
e
s
ig
n
s
f
o
r
t
h
e
r
e
f
lec
tar
r
ay
u
n
it
ce
ll
at
2
6
G
Hz
w
er
e
in
v
es
ti
g
ated
f
o
r
th
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
o
p
ti
m
izatio
n
o
f
t
h
e
r
e
f
lecta
r
r
a
y
.
T
h
e
C
ST
MW
S
s
i
m
u
lat
io
n
s
h
o
w
ed
t
h
at
t
h
e
b
e
s
t
ca
n
d
id
ate
to
b
e
d
ep
lo
y
ed
f
o
r
th
e
r
ef
lecta
r
r
a
y
’
s
u
n
it
ele
m
e
n
t
i
n
o
r
d
er
to
f
u
lf
ill
th
e
5
G
r
eq
u
ir
e
m
e
n
ts
o
f
a
w
id
e
b
an
d
w
id
th
i
s
t
h
e
cr
o
s
s
h
y
b
r
id
DR
A
w
h
ic
h
i
s
t
h
e
co
m
b
i
n
e
d
f
i
x
ed
cr
o
s
s
D
R
A
w
it
h
cr
o
s
s
m
icr
o
s
tr
ip
p
atch
a
s
th
e
p
ar
asit
ic
ele
m
e
n
t
.
T
h
e
p
ar
asit
ic
ele
m
en
t
u
s
ed
to
t
u
n
e
th
e
p
h
a
s
e
to
g
i
v
e
a
w
id
e
p
h
ase
r
an
g
e
w
i
th
s
m
o
o
th
v
ar
iatio
n
s
lo
p
e.
B
esid
es,
it
i
s
s
h
o
w
n
t
h
at
t
h
e
cr
o
s
s
h
y
b
r
id
DR
A
u
n
it
ce
ll
g
i
v
e
s
lo
w
r
ef
lectio
n
lo
s
s
w
it
h
b
etter
b
an
d
w
id
t
h
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
.
E
as
y
i
m
p
le
m
en
ta
tio
n
a
n
d
f
ab
r
icatio
n
also
e
m
p
h
asize
d
in
a
s
elec
tio
n
o
f
t
h
e
u
n
it
ele
m
en
t
.
T
h
e
s
i
m
u
latio
n
r
es
u
lt
s
f
o
r
th
e
u
n
it
ce
lls
w
ill
b
e
v
alid
ate
d
ex
p
er
i
m
e
n
tall
y
i
n
n
ex
t
s
ta
g
e.
T
h
e
d
esi
g
n
f
o
r
f
u
l
l
r
ef
lecta
r
r
a
y
to
p
r
ed
ict
th
e
o
v
er
all
DR
A
r
e
f
lecta
r
r
a
y
a
n
te
n
n
a
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
a
n
d
f
u
r
t
h
er
in
v
es
tig
a
tio
n
i
n
to
h
o
w
a
h
ig
h
er
g
ai
n
ca
n
b
e
ac
h
iev
e
d
ar
e
b
ein
g
co
n
d
u
cted
b
y
t
h
e
au
t
h
o
r
s
.
ACK
NO
WL
E
D
G
E
M
E
NT
S
T
h
e
au
th
o
r
s
w
o
u
ld
li
k
e
to
th
a
n
k
t
h
e
Mi
n
is
tr
y
o
f
E
d
u
ca
tio
n
(
MO
E
)
f
o
r
s
p
o
n
s
o
r
in
g
t
h
e
P
h
D
s
tu
d
y
a
t
Un
i
v
er
s
iti
T
ek
n
o
lo
g
i
Ma
la
y
s
i
a.
A
ls
o
,
s
p
ec
ial
th
a
n
k
s
g
o
to
UT
M
GUP
(
v
o
tes
4
J
2
2
0
,
0
5
H6
2
,
1
3
H2
6
,
0
3
G
5
9
a
n
d
4
F7
3
3
)
an
d
Min
is
tr
y
o
f
S
cien
ce
T
ec
h
n
o
lo
g
y
a
n
d
I
n
n
o
v
atio
n
(
MO
ST
I
)
(
v
o
te
4
S1
3
4
)
f
o
r
s
p
o
n
s
o
r
in
g
th
is
w
o
r
k
.
RE
F
E
R
E
NC
E
S
[1
]
C.
-
X
.
W
a
n
g
,
F
.
Ha
id
e
r,
X.
G
a
o
,
X.
-
H.
Yo
u
,
Y.
Ya
n
g
,
D.
Yu
a
n
,
H.
A
g
g
o
u
n
e
,
H.
Ha
a
s,
S
.
F
letc
h
e
r,
a
n
d
E
.
He
p
sa
y
d
ir,
“
Ce
ll
u
lar
a
rc
h
it
e
c
tu
re
a
n
d
k
e
y
te
c
h
n
o
lo
g
ies
f
o
r
5
G
w
ire
les
s
c
o
m
m
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
n
e
tw
o
rk
s,”
I
EE
E
Co
mm
u
n
.
M
a
g
.
,
v
o
l
.
5
2
,
n
o
.
2
,
p
p
.
1
2
2
-
1
3
0
,
2
0
1
4
.
[2
]
J.
G
.
A
n
d
re
ws
,
S
.
Bu
z
z
i,
W
.
Ch
o
i,
S
.
V
.
Ha
n
ly
,
A
.
L
o
z
a
n
o
,
A
.
C.
K.
S
o
o
n
g
,
a
n
d
J.
C.
Zh
a
n
g
,
“
W
h
a
t
w
il
l
5
G
b
e
?
,
”
IEE
E
J
.
S
e
l.
Are
a
s C
o
mm
u
n
.
,
v
o
l.
3
2
,
n
o
.
6
,
p
p
.
1
0
6
5
-
1
0
8
2
,
2
0
1
4
.
[3
]
Z.
P
i
a
n
d
F
.
Kh
a
n
,
“
A
n
in
tro
d
u
c
ti
o
n
to
m
il
li
m
e
ter
-
w
a
v
e
m
o
b
il
e
b
ro
a
d
b
a
n
d
sy
st
e
m
s,”
IEE
E
Co
mm
u
n
.
M
a
g
.
,
v
o
l.
4
9
,
n
o
.
6
,
p
p
.
1
0
1
-
1
0
7
,
2
0
1
1
.
[4
]
S
.
M
e
n
e
r,
R.
G
il
lard
,
R
.
S
a
u
lea
u
,
C.
Ch
e
y
m
o
l,
a
n
d
P
.
P
o
t
ier,
“
De
sig
n
a
n
d
Ch
a
ra
c
teriz
a
ti
o
n
o
f
a
CP
S
S
-
Ba
se
d
Un
it
-
Ce
ll
f
o
r
Cir
c
u
larl
y
P
o
lariz
e
d
Re
f
l
e
c
tarra
y
A
p
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
s,”
IEE
E
T
ra
n
s.
An
te
n
n
a
s
Pro
p
a
g
.
,
v
o
l.
6
1
,
n
o
.
4
,
p
p
.
2
3
1
3
-
2
3
1
8
,
2
0
1
3
.
[5
]
M
.
F
.
M
.
Y
u
so
f
f
,
R.
S
a
u
lea
u
,
Z
.
Jo
h
a
ri,
M
.
K.
A
.
Ra
h
im
,
a
n
d
H.
A
.
M
a
ji
d
,
“
A
No
v
e
l
Rig
h
t
Ha
n
d
e
d
Circu
lar
P
o
lariz
a
ti
o
n
F
o
ld
e
d
Re
f
lec
tarra
y
A
n
ten
n
a
a
t
6
0
G
Hz
,
”
In
t.
J
.
El
e
c
tr.
Co
mp
u
t.
E
n
g
.
,
v
o
l
.
7
,
n
o
.
3
,
p
.
1
5
8
0
,
2
0
1
7
.
[6
]
M
.
M
.
T
a
h
se
e
n
a
n
d
A
.
A
.
Kish
k
,
“
Bro
a
d
b
a
n
d
P
e
rf
o
rm
a
n
c
e
o
f
No
v
e
l
Clo
se
l
y
S
p
a
c
e
d
El
e
m
e
n
ts
in
De
sig
n
in
g
Ka
-
Ba
n
d
Circu
larly
P
o
lariz
e
d
Re
f
lec
tarra
y
A
n
t
e
n
n
a
s,” v
o
l.
1
2
2
5
,
n
o
.
c
,
p
p
.
1
-
4
,
2
0
1
6
.
[7
]
M
.
H.
Da
h
ri,
M
.
R.
Ka
m
a
ru
d
in
,
M
.
H.
Ja
m
a
lu
d
d
i
n
,
M
.
In
a
m
,
a
n
d
R.
S
e
lv
a
ra
ju
,
“
Bro
a
d
b
a
n
d
Re
so
n
a
n
t
El
e
m
e
n
ts
f
o
r
5
G
Re
f
lec
tarr
a
y
A
n
ten
n
a
D
e
sig
n
,
”
v
o
l.
1
5
,
n
o
.
2
,
p
p
.
7
9
3
-
7
9
8
,
2
0
1
7
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8708
I
n
t J
E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
,
Vo
l.
8
,
No
.
4
,
A
u
g
u
s
t
2018
:
2
5
3
1
–
2
5
3
9
2538
[8
]
M
.
H.
Da
h
r
i,
M
.
R.
Ka
m
a
ru
d
in
,
M
.
H.
Ja
m
a
lu
d
d
i
n
,
a
n
d
R.
R.
S
e
lv
a
ra
ju
,
“
P
e
rf
o
rm
a
n
c
e
In
v
e
stig
a
ti
o
n
o
f
Re
f
lec
t
a
rra
y
Re
so
n
a
n
t
El
e
m
e
n
ts
f
o
r
5
G
Co
m
m
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
s,”
IEE
E
Asia
-
P
a
c
i
fi
c
Co
n
f.
Ap
p
l.
El
e
c
tro
ma
g
n
.
,
n
o
.
De
c
e
m
b
e
r,
p
p
.
1
1
-
1
3
,
2
0
1
6
.
[9
]
J.
Hu
a
n
g
a
n
d
J.
A
.
En
c
in
a
r,
Reflec
ta
rr
a
y
An
ten
n
a
.
Jo
h
n
W
il
e
y
a
n
d
S
o
n
s,
In
c
,
P
u
b
li
c
a
ti
o
n
,
2
0
0
7
.
[1
0
]
M
.
H.
Ja
m
a
lu
d
d
in
,
R.
G
il
lard
,
R.
S
a
u
lea
u
,
L
.
L
e
C
o
q
,
X
.
Ca
s
tel,
R.
Be
n
z
e
rg
a
,
a
n
d
T
.
K
o
lec
k
,
“
A
d
iele
c
tri
c
re
so
n
a
to
r
a
n
te
n
n
a
(DRA
)
re
f
l
e
c
ta
rra
y
,
”
Eu
r.
M
icr
o
w.
W
e
e
k
2
0
0
9
,
Eu
M
W
2
0
0
9
S
c
i
.
Pro
g
.
Qu
a
l.
Ra
d
io
fre
q
.
Co
n
f
.
Pro
c
.
-
3
9
t
h
E
u
r.
M
icr
o
w.
Co
n
f.
Eu
M
C
2
0
0
9
,
v
o
l.
6
1
6
4
,
n
o
.
Oc
to
b
e
r,
p
p
.
2
5
-
2
8
,
2
0
0
9
.
[1
1
]
M.
H.
Ja
m
a
lu
d
d
in
,
G
.
C.
Eu
,
S
.
K.
A
b
d
u
l
Ra
h
im
,
a
n
d
N.
I.
Dz
u
lk
ip
li
,
“
W
id
e
b
a
n
d
A
p
e
rtu
re
-
Co
u
p
led
Die
lec
tri
c
Res
o
n
a
t
o
r
A
n
ten
n
a
a
t
5
.
8
G
Hz
,
”
J
.
T
e
k
n
o
l.
(
S
c
ien
c
e
s E
n
g
.
,
v
o
l.
6
9
,
n
o
.
1
,
p
p
.
2
5
-
3
0
,
2
0
1
4
.
[1
2
]
K.
-
M
.
L
u
k
a
n
d
K.
-
W
.
L
e
u
n
g
,
Die
lec
tric R
e
so
n
a
t
o
r A
n
te
n
n
a
s
,
n
o
.
c
.
En
g
lan
d
:
Re
se
a
rc
h
S
tu
d
ies
P
re
ss
,
2
0
0
3
.
[1
3
]
Z.
Ra
h
im
ian
,
“
Circu
larly
P
o
lariz
e
d
Cy
li
n
d
rica
l
Die
lec
tri
c
Re
so
n
a
to
r
A
n
ten
n
a
w
it
h
Dif
f
e
r
e
n
t
S
h
a
p
e
s
Cro
s
s
S
lo
t,
”
v
o
l.
4
,
n
o
.
6
,
p
p
.
9
7
4
-
9
7
8
,
2
0
1
4
.
[1
4
]
E.
L
im
,
H.
Y.
W
o
n
g
,
a
n
d
F
.
L
.
L
o
,
“
Re
c
tan
g
u
lar
DRA
Re
f
lec
t
a
rra
y
w
it
h
a
n
In
c
li
n
e
d
T
o
p
-
lo
a
d
i
n
g
M
ico
strip
P
a
tch
,
”
p
p
.
8
7
8
-
8
8
1
,
2
0
1
4
.
[1
5
]
R.
F
lo
re
n
c
i
o
,
J.
E
n
c
in
a
r,
R.
R.
B
o
ix
,
a
n
d
G
.
P
e
re
z
-
p
a
lo
m
in
o
,
“
Du
a
l
-
p
o
larisa
ti
o
n
re
f
lec
tarra
y
m
a
d
e
o
f
c
e
ll
s
w
it
h
tw
o
o
rth
o
g
o
n
a
l
se
ts
o
f
p
a
ra
ll
e
l
d
ip
o
les
f
o
r
b
a
n
d
w
id
th
a
n
d
c
ro
ss
-
p
o
la
ris
a
ti
o
n
im
p
ro
v
e
m
e
n
t,
”
IET
M
icr
o
w
a
v
e
s,
An
ten
n
a
s
Pro
p
a
g
.
,
v
o
l.
8
,
n
o
.
1
5
,
p
p
.
1
3
8
9
-
1
3
9
7
,
2
0
1
4
.
[1
6
]
F
.
A
h
m
a
d
i,
K.
F
o
ro
o
ra
g
h
i,
Z.
A
tl
a
sb
a
f
,
a
n
d
B.
V
ird
e
e
,
“
Du
a
l
li
n
e
a
r
-
p
o
lariz
e
d
d
iele
c
tri
c
re
so
n
a
to
r
re
f
lec
tarr
a
y
a
n
ten
n
a
,
”
IEE
E
An
ten
n
a
s W
ire
l.
Pro
p
a
g
.
L
e
tt
.
,
v
o
l.
1
2
,
p
p
.
6
3
5
-
6
3
8
,
2
0
1
3
.
[1
7
]
A
.
P
e
to
sa
,
Die
lec
tric re
so
n
a
t
o
r a
n
ten
n
a
h
a
n
d
b
o
o
k
.
A
rtec
h
Ho
u
se
P
u
b
l
ish
e
rs,
2
0
0
7
.
[1
8
]
F
in
a
l
A
c
ts
W
RC,
“
In
W
o
rld
Ra
d
io
c
o
m
m
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
Co
n
f
e
re
n
c
e
G
e
n
e
v
a
:
In
tern
a
ti
o
n
a
l
T
e
lec
o
m
m
u
n
i
c
a
ti
o
n
Un
i
o
n
,
”
W
o
rld
Ra
d
i
o
c
o
mm
u
n
.
Co
n
f.
,
v
o
l.
2
3
8
,
p
p
.
2
5
-
2
7
,
2
0
1
5
.
[1
9
]
J.
S
h
a
k
e
r,
M
.
R.
Ch
a
h
a
rm
ir,
a
n
d
J.
Et
h
ier,
Reflec
ta
rr
a
y
A
n
ten
n
a
s:
An
a
lys
is,
d
e
sig
n
,
fa
b
ric
a
ti
o
n
,
a
n
d
me
a
su
re
me
n
t
.
A
rte
c
h
Ho
u
se
P
u
b
li
s
h
e
rs,
2
0
1
3
.
[2
0
]
M
.
Y.
Ism
a
il
a
n
d
M
.
In
a
m
,
“
R
e
so
n
a
n
t
El
e
m
e
n
ts
f
o
r
T
u
n
a
b
le
Re
f
le
c
tarra
y
A
n
ten
n
a
De
sig
n
,
”
In
t.
J
.
A
n
ten
n
a
s
Pro
p
a
g
.
,
v
o
l.
2
0
1
2
,
p
p
.
1
-
6
,
2
0
1
2
.
[2
1
]
R.
K.
M
o
n
g
ia
a
n
d
A
.
Itt
ip
ib
o
o
n
,
“
T
h
e
o
re
ti
c
a
l
a
n
d
e
x
p
e
ri
m
e
n
tal
i
n
v
e
stig
a
ti
o
n
s
o
n
re
c
tan
g
u
lar
d
iel
e
c
tri
c
re
so
n
a
to
r
a
n
ten
n
a
s,”
IEE
E
T
ra
n
s.
A
n
ten
n
a
s
Pro
p
a
g
.
,
v
o
l.
4
5
,
n
o
.
9
,
p
p
.
1
3
4
8
-
1
3
5
6
,
1
9
9
7
.
[2
2
]
A
.
Ki
y
a
n
i
a
n
d
M
.
Y.
Ism
a
il
,
“
De
sig
n
a
n
d
a
n
a
ly
sis
o
f
h
ig
h
p
e
rf
o
rm
a
n
c
e
re
f
lec
tarra
y
re
so
n
a
n
t
e
lem
e
n
ts,
”
Pro
c
e
d
i
a
En
g
.
,
v
o
l.
5
3
,
p
p
.
2
4
8
-
2
5
4
,
2
0
1
3
.
B
I
O
G
RAP
H
I
E
S
O
F
AUTH
O
RS
Nu
r
F
a
z
r
e
e
n
S
a
ll
e
h
u
d
d
in
re
c
e
iv
e
d
h
e
r
Ba
c
h
e
lo
r
d
e
g
re
e
in
El
e
c
tri
c
a
l
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
(Ho
n
s.)
(2
0
0
6
)
a
n
d
M
a
ste
r
d
e
g
re
e
in
T
e
c
h
n
ic
a
n
d
V
o
c
a
ti
o
n
a
l
E
d
u
c
a
ti
o
n
(2
0
1
4
)
f
ro
m
Un
iv
e
rsiti
T
u
n
Hu
ss
e
in
O
n
n
M
a
la
y
sia
(U
T
HM).
Ex
p
e
rien
c
e
d
a
s
In
teg
ra
ti
o
n
A
ss
istan
t
En
g
in
e
e
r
a
n
d
Qu
a
li
ty
A
ss
u
ra
n
c
e
En
g
in
e
e
r
f
o
r
so
lar
in
d
u
stry
a
n
d
a
u
to
m
o
ti
v
e
in
d
u
stry
re
sp
e
c
ti
v
e
l
y
f
ro
m
2
0
0
7
-
2
0
1
1
.
C
u
rre
n
tl
y
sh
e
is
p
u
rsu
in
g
th
e
Ph
.
D
.
d
e
g
re
e
in
El
e
c
tri
c
a
l
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
at
W
irele
ss
Co
m
m
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
Ce
n
tre,
Un
iv
e
rsity
T
e
c
h
n
o
lo
g
y
o
f
M
a
la
y
sia
(UT
M
).
He
r
re
se
a
rc
h
in
tere
sts
a
n
d
a
re
a
s
in
c
lu
d
e
d
iele
c
tri
c
re
so
n
a
to
rs
a
n
d
re
f
le
c
tarra
y
a
n
ten
n
a
s
d
e
sig
n
i
n
5
G
a
p
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
s an
d
m
il
li
m
e
t
e
r
w
a
v
e
s.
M
o
h
d
H
a
iza
l
J
a
m
a
l
u
d
d
in
r
e
c
e
i
v
e
d
th
e
b
a
c
h
e
lo
r'
s
a
n
d
m
a
ste
r
'
s
d
e
g
re
e
s
in
e
le
c
tri
c
a
l
e
n
g
in
e
e
rin
g
f
ro
m
Un
iv
e
rsiti
T
e
k
n
o
lo
g
i
M
a
lay
sia
,
M
a
la
y
sia
,
in
2
0
0
3
a
n
d
2
0
0
6
,
re
sp
e
c
ti
v
e
l
y
,
a
n
d
th
e
P
h
.
D
.
d
e
g
re
e
in
sig
n
a
l
p
ro
c
e
ss
in
g
a
n
d
tele
c
o
m
m
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
s
f
ro
m
th
e
Un
iv
e
rsité
d
e
Re
n
n
e
s
1
,
F
ra
n
c
e
,
in
2
0
0
9
,
w
it
h
a
f
o
c
u
s
o
n
m
icro
w
a
v
e
c
o
m
m
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
s
y
ste
m
s
a
n
d
sp
e
c
if
ic
a
n
ten
n
a
s
su
c
h
a
s
d
iele
c
tri
c
re
so
n
a
to
r
a
n
d
re
f
le
c
t
a
rra
y
a
n
d
d
iele
c
tri
c
d
o
m
e
a
n
ten
n
a
s.
He
jo
in
e
d
th
e
De
p
a
rtm
e
n
t
o
f
El
e
c
tro
n
ic
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
,
F
a
c
u
lt
y
o
f
El
e
c
tri
c
a
l
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
,
Un
iv
e
rsiti
T
e
k
n
o
lo
g
i
M
a
lay
sia
,
a
s
a
T
u
to
r
in
2
0
0
3
.
He
is
c
u
rre
n
tl
y
a
n
A
s
so
c
iate
P
ro
f
e
ss
o
r
w
it
h
th
e
W
irele
s
s
Co
m
m
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
Ce
n
tr
e
,
Un
iv
e
rsiti
Tek
n
o
lo
g
i
M
a
la
y
si
a
(UT
M
)
.
H
e
w
a
s
a
S
e
n
io
r
L
e
c
tu
re
r
a
t
W
irele
ss
Co
m
m
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
Ce
n
tre
(W
CC),
Un
iv
e
rsiti
T
e
k
n
o
lo
g
i
M
a
la
y
sia
(U
T
M
)
u
n
ti
l
De
c
e
m
b
e
r
2
0
1
7
.
He
h
a
s
p
u
b
l
ish
e
d
m
o
re
th
a
n
4
0
IS
I
/S
c
o
p
u
s
p
a
p
e
rs
in
re
p
u
ted
in
d
e
x
e
d
jo
u
rn
a
ls
a
n
d
m
o
re
th
a
n
4
0
c
o
n
f
e
re
n
c
e
p
ro
c
e
e
d
in
g
s.
M
u
h
a
m
m
a
d
R
a
m
lee
K
a
m
a
r
u
d
i
n
(S
e
n
io
r
M
e
m
b
e
r
IEE
E
1
3
'
,
M
e
m
b
e
r
IEE
E
0
8
'
,
M
e
m
b
e
r
IET
1
1
'
)
o
b
tai
n
e
d
h
is
f
irst
d
e
g
re
e
f
ro
m
U
n
iv
e
rsiti
T
e
k
n
o
lo
g
i
M
a
lay
sia
(U
T
M
),
Jo
h
o
r
Ba
h
ru
,
M
a
lay
si
a
,
w
it
h
h
o
n
o
u
rs,
m
a
jo
rin
g
in
e
lec
tri
c
a
l
a
n
d
tele
c
o
m
m
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
e
n
g
in
e
e
rin
g
a
n
d
g
ra
d
u
a
ted
in
2
0
0
3
.
He
re
c
e
iv
e
d
th
e
M
.
S
.
d
e
g
re
e
in
c
o
m
m
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
e
n
g
in
e
e
rin
g
in
2
0
0
4
f
ro
m
th
e
Un
iv
e
rsit
y
o
f
Bir
m
in
g
h
a
m
,
Birm
in
g
h
a
m
,
U
K,
a
n
d
late
r
h
e
o
b
tain
e
d
h
is
P
h
.
D.
d
e
g
re
e
in
2
0
0
7
f
ro
m
th
e
sa
m
e
Un
iv
e
rsit
y
u
n
d
e
r
th
e
su
p
e
rv
isio
n
o
f
P
ro
f
e
ss
o
r
P
e
ter
H
a
ll
.
Dr
Ka
m
a
ru
d
in
is
c
u
rre
n
tl
y
wo
rk
in
g
a
s
a
S
e
n
i
o
r
L
e
c
tu
re
r
a
t
t
h
e
Ce
n
tre
f
o
r
El
e
c
tro
n
ic
W
a
rf
a
r
e
,
In
f
o
rm
a
ti
o
n
a
n
d
Cy
b
e
r
(EW
IC),
Cra
n
f
ield
De
fe
n
c
e
a
n
d
S
e
c
u
rit
y
,
Cra
n
f
ield
U
n
iv
e
rsit
y
,
UK
.
P
rio
r
to
th
is
a
p
p
o
i
n
tm
e
n
t,
h
e
w
a
s
a
n
A
ss
o
c
iate
P
ro
f
e
ss
o
r
a
t
W
irele
s
s
Co
m
m
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
Ce
n
tre
(W
CC),
Un
iv
e
rsiti
T
e
k
n
o
lo
g
i
M
a
lay
sia
(UT
M
),
M
a
la
y
sia
u
n
ti
l
M
a
y
2
0
1
7
.
He
h
o
ld
s
a
H
-
I
n
d
e
x
o
f
1
9
(S
CO
P
US)
a
n
d
m
o
re
th
a
n
1
3
5
0
c
it
a
ti
o
n
s
(S
COP
US)
.
He
is
a
n
a
u
t
h
o
r
o
f
a
b
o
o
k
c
h
a
p
ter
o
f
a
b
o
o
k
e
n
t
it
led
A
n
ten
n
a
s
a
n
d
P
ro
p
a
g
a
ti
o
n
f
o
r
Bo
d
y
-
Ce
n
tri
c
W
irele
s
s
Co
m
m
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
s
a
n
d
h
a
s
p
u
b
li
s
h
e
d
m
o
re
th
a
n
2
0
0
tec
h
n
ica
l
p
a
p
e
rs
in
jo
u
rn
a
ls
a
n
d
p
r
o
c
e
e
d
in
g
s
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J
E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
I
SS
N:
2
0
8
8
-
8708
Dielec
tr
ic
R
eso
n
a
to
r
R
eflec
ta
r
r
a
y
A
n
ten
n
a
Un
it C
ells
fo
r
5
G
A
p
p
lica
tio
n
s
(
N
u
r
F
a
z
r
ee
n
S
a
lleh
u
d
d
in
)
2539
in
c
lu
d
in
g
IEE
E
T
ra
n
sa
c
ti
o
n
o
n
A
n
ten
n
a
a
n
d
P
ro
p
a
g
a
ti
o
n
(T
AP
)
,
IEE
E
A
n
t
e
n
n
a
s
a
n
d
W
irele
ss
P
r
o
p
a
g
a
ti
o
n
L
e
tt
e
r
(AW
P
L
),
IEE
E
A
n
ten
n
a
M
a
g
a
z
in
e
,
IEE
E
A
c
c
e
ss
,
In
tern
a
ti
o
n
a
l
Jo
u
r
n
a
l
o
f
A
n
ten
n
a
s
a
n
d
P
ro
p
a
g
a
ti
o
n
(IJA
P
),
P
r
o
g
re
ss
in
El
e
c
tro
m
a
g
n
e
ti
c
s
Re
se
a
rc
h
(P
IER),
M
icro
w
a
v
e
a
n
d
Op
ti
c
a
l
T
e
c
h
n
o
lo
g
y
L
e
tt
e
rs
(M
O
TL
),
a
n
d
El
e
c
tro
n
ics
L
e
tt
e
rs.
His
re
se
a
rc
h
in
tere
sts
in
c
lu
d
e
a
n
ten
n
a
d
e
sig
n
f
o
r
5
G
,
w
irele
ss
on
-
b
o
d
y
c
o
m
m
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
s,
in
-
b
o
d
y
c
o
m
m
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
s
(im
p
lan
tab
le
a
n
ten
n
a
),
RF
a
n
d
m
icro
w
a
v
e
c
o
m
m
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
sy
ste
m
s,
a
n
d
a
n
ten
n
a
d
iv
e
rsity
.
Dr
Ka
m
a
ru
d
in
is
a
n
I
EE
E
S
e
n
i
o
r
M
e
m
b
e
r
(S
M
IEE
E),
a
M
e
m
b
e
r
o
f
IE
T
(M
IE
T
),
a
n
Ex
e
c
u
ti
v
e
M
e
m
b
e
r
o
f
A
n
ten
n
a
a
n
d
P
ro
p
a
g
a
ti
o
n
(A
P
/M
T
T
/E
M
C),
M
a
la
y
sia
Ch
a
p
ter,
a
n
d
a
M
e
m
b
e
r
o
f
IEE
E
An
ten
n
a
s
a
n
d
P
ro
p
a
g
a
ti
o
n
S
o
c
iety
,
IEE
E
Co
m
m
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
S
o
c
iety
,
IEE
E
M
icro
w
a
v
e
T
h
e
o
r
y
a
n
d
T
e
c
h
n
iq
u
e
s
S
o
c
iety
a
n
d
IEE
E
El
e
c
tro
m
a
g
n
e
ti
c
Co
m
p
a
ti
b
il
it
y
S
o
c
iety
.
M
u
h
a
m
m
a
d
H
a
s
h
i
m
Da
h
r
i
re
c
e
iv
e
d
th
e
B.
E
d
e
g
r
e
e
in
T
e
le
c
o
m
m
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
s
f
ro
m
th
e
M
e
h
ra
n
Un
iv
e
rsit
y
o
f
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
a
n
d
T
e
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
(M
UET
),
P
a
k
istan
,
in
2
0
1
0
a
n
d
th
e
M
a
ste
rs
b
y
R
e
se
a
r
c
h
d
e
g
re
e
in
El
e
c
tri
c
a
l
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
fro
m
Un
iv
e
rsiti
T
u
n
Hu
ss
e
in
On
n
M
a
la
y
sia
(U
T
HM)
in
2
0
1
4
.
He
is
cu
rre
n
tl
y
p
u
rsu
in
g
th
e
P
h
.
D
.
d
e
g
re
e
w
it
h
th
e
W
irel
e
ss
Co
m
m
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
Ce
n
tre
(W
CC),
Un
iv
e
rsit
i
T
e
k
n
o
lo
g
i
M
a
lay
sia
(U
T
M
).
He
h
a
s
a
u
th
o
re
d
o
v
e
r
2
0
re
se
a
rc
h
p
a
p
e
rs
in
v
a
rio
u
s
in
d
e
x
e
d
jo
u
r
n
a
l
s
a
n
d
c
o
n
f
e
re
n
c
e
p
ro
c
e
e
d
in
g
s.
His
re
se
a
r
c
h
in
tere
sts
in
c
lu
d
e
re
f
lec
tarra
y
a
n
ten
n
a
s,
p
lan
a
r
p
ri
n
te
d
a
n
ten
n
a
s an
d
tu
n
a
b
le m
a
teria
ls
f
o
r
a
n
ten
n
a
d
e
sig
n
.
S
iti
U
m
a
ir
a
h
Ta
jo
l
A
n
u
a
r
r
e
c
e
iv
e
d
h
e
r
Ba
c
h
e
lo
r
d
e
g
re
e
in
El
e
c
tro
n
ic
T
e
lec
o
m
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
(2
0
15
)
in
Un
iv
e
r
siti
M
a
la
y
sia
S
a
r
a
w
a
k
(UN
IM
A
S
)
a
n
d
M
a
ste
r
in
El
e
c
tro
n
i
c
T
e
le
c
o
m
m
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
(2
0
1
7
)
f
ro
m
Un
iv
e
rsiti
T
e
k
n
o
lo
g
i
M
a
lay
si
a
(
UT
M
).
S
h
e
is
c
u
rre
n
tl
y
p
u
rsu
in
g
h
e
r
P
h
.
D
.
a
t
th
e
Un
iv
e
rsiti
T
e
k
n
o
l
o
g
i
M
a
lay
si
a
(UT
M
).
He
r
re
se
a
rc
h
in
tere
sts
a
n
d
a
re
a
s
in
c
lu
d
e
d
iele
c
tri
c
re
so
n
a
to
rs an
ten
n
a
s
a
n
d
w
irele
s
s co
m
m
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.